13.2V DC ± 15%
124 (W) x 135 (L) x 37 (H)
655 g
Antenna Connector
Duty cycle 10% 4 Watts @13.2V DC
AM:from 85% to 95%
FM:1.8KHz ± 0.2KHz
300Hz to 3000Hz
50ohms, Unbalanced
More than -36dBm
AM Full Mod. 1.6A Max.
Receiving System
IF Frequencies
Sensitivity
R
Dual conversion superheterodyne
Double Conversion 1st 10.695MHz/2nd 455KHz
0.7 V for 10dB(S+N)/N
in AM Mode
0.5 V for 20dB SINAD in FM Mode
E
Audio Output Power
C
Audio Distortion
E
I
Image Rejection
V
Adjacent Channel Rejection
2.0W @ 8 Ohm
Less then 8% @ 1KHz
60 dB
60 dB
E
Conducted Spurious
R
Frequency Response
Built-in Speaker
Squelch
More than 60 dB
300 to 2500Hz
8 Ohms, round
Adjustable; Threshold less than 1 microvolt
* Specification is subject to change without prior notice.
Page 4
SECTION2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
------------ Contents -------------
1 General
1-1. Receiver
1.2. Transmitter
2. Technical Description
2-1. General
2-2. Type of emission
2-3. Frequency Table
2-4. RF Power Output
2-5. DC input Voltage and Current with 13.2V DC Input to Power AMP
2-6. Receiver IF and Local Oscillator Frequencies
3. Semiconductors and Function
4. Description of Frequency Determining and Stabilizing Circuit
4-1. Introduction
4-2. Basic Synthesis Scheme
4-3. Descriptions of Each Block
4-3-1. Introduction
4-3-2. Reference Frequency
4-3-3. VCO
4-3-4. Programmable Divider and its Control
4-3-5 Phase Detector and VCO Control
4-3-6. Transmitter / Receiver Buffer AMP
4-3-7. Transmitter Doublers
4-3-8. Switching of Turning Capacitor in VCO
4-3-9. Receiver Local Oscillator Outputs
4-4. Frequency Stability
4-5. Description of other Circuits
4-5-1. Transmitter
4-5-2. Receiver
5. Test Equipm
5-1.
5-2.
5-3.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
VCO Section
Transmitter Section
Receiver Section
Test Data
Schematic Diagram
Block Diagram
PCB Map
PARTS LIST
ent Setup and Alignment Instructions
Page 5
1. General
1-1. Receiver
Display : 40 Channels and other functions indication Frequency Range : 26.965 to 27.405 [MHz] Frequency Response : 300 to 2,500 [Hz] Power Source : 13.2 [V] DC Audio Output Load : 8 [OHM] ResistiveAudio Output : 4.0 [W] (or More) Squelch : Adjustable from 0.2[uV] to 1 [mV] Sensitivity :
- FM : 20 dB [SINAD] under 1.0 [uV] or less
- AM :10 dB [S/N] under 1.0 [uV] or less
Intermediate Frequency :
- 1st IF : 10.695 [MHz]
- 2nd IF : 455 [KHz]
1-2. Transmitter
Carrier Power(Conducted) : AM 1 [W] / FM 4.0 [W] Current Drain ( 13.2 [V] Supply Voltage)
- No Modulation : 1,100 [mA] (No Modulation)
- Max Modulation : 1,400 [mA] (Full Modulation)
Modulation Capabilities
- AM : +/- 90 [%]
- FM : +/- 1.8 [KHz/Dev]
Spurious Radiation : Less then -74 [dBc] Antenna Impedance : 50 [OHM] Frequency Tolerance : 0.002 [%]
Page 6
2. Technical Description
2-1. General
Model CB-550 is an mobile type AM/FM radio transceiver for use of the Citizen Radio Service.
Front Panel Controls
LCD Display(Cannel ,RX,TX,AQ,SCAN,AM,FM,EMG Indicator). Receiver Audio Control (With Power ON/OFF Control) Volume Squelch Control Volume (S/W ON : TIGHT, S/W OFF : AUTO SQ) RF Gain Control Volume
CHANNEL UP/DOWN TACT SWITCH.AM/FM TACT SWITCH
EMG TACT SWITCH
Accessable Connectors
Antenna Jack
2-2. Type of em
2-3. Frequency Range : 26.965 MHz (CH.1) - 27.405 MHz (CH.40)
External Speaker Jack External Power CordMicrophone Jack.
ission : AM(A3E) , FM(F3E)
2-4. RF Power Output : AM/FM 4.0 Watts
2-5.DC Input Voltage and Current With 13.2V DC Input to Power AMP
Transmitter Power AMP ----------- VOLTAGE 12.5 V
Current 820mA
Transmitter DRIVER AMP --------VOLTAGE 12.5 V
Current 130mA
2-6.RECEIVER IF AND LOCAL OSCILLATOR FREQUENCIES.
FIRST IF -------------------------------- 10.695 MHz
SECOND IF ---------------------------- 455 KHz
FIRST LOCAL OSCILLATOR------- 10.965 MHz Below RECEIVING FREQUENCY
SECOND LOCAL OSCILLATOR--- 10.240 MHz
4. Description of Frequency Determining and Stabilizing Circuitry
4-1. Introduction
The Frequencies for transmitter and receiver first local frequencies are all derived from a signal
10.695MHz cry
Phase lcoked loop.
The first local oscillator frequencies are 16.270MHz(CH1) to 16.710MHz(CH40). The second local
frequency is fixed at 10.240MHz to generate second IF 455KHz.
Transmit, the VCO of the PLL operates 13.4825MHz(CH1) to 13.7025MHz(40CH). The VCO frequency
goes to the doublers circuit DW2, LT1, LT2 which doubles the frequency to generate 26.965MHz(CH1)
to 27.405MHz(40CH).
The VCO operating frequency for the receiver is 16.27MHz(CH1) to 16.710MHz(CH40) as the
first local oscillator, injected through the buffer amplifier Q302 into the first FET balanced mixer QR2,3.
4-2. Basic Synthesis Scheme
The crystal frequency(10.24MHz) is divided by 4069times to make 2.5KHz which is fed to one
side of the phase detector. The VCO output is divided by a programmable divider, and fed to other side of
the phase detector Pin 22, 23 of IC6.
The feedback loop is closed by passing the phase detector output through an active low pass filter and using
the output to control the VCO frequency through varicap diode DV1,2.
Under locked conditions, both of phase detector input signal must be identical at 2.5KHz.
The VCO frequency is then given by ;
Receiver : Fvco / N = 0.0025 [MHz] OR Fvco = 0.0025 X N [MHz]
Since “N” is an integer, the VCO frequency can be stepped up with 2.5 KHz increments.
By suitable choice of “N” the desired output frequency can be obtained.
stal and second local frequencies are derived from 10.240 MHz crystal by means of a
QV1
VCO
13.4825MHz(CH1)
~
13.7025MHz(CH40)
27.405MHz(CH40)
QW1
Doublers
26.965MHz(CH1)
To transmitter
~
Channel 1 Channel 40
N Fvco N Fvco
Transmit 5393
Receiver
See the [Table 1]for other Channels
The VCO frequency goes to the doublers circuit, with doubles the incoming signals.
VCO Output Frequency Doublers Output Frequency
3254
13.4825
16.2700
5481
3342
13.7025
16.7100
Page 9
Transmit
---
---
---
Transmit
Since all frequencies are obtained from the crystal controlled PLL oscillator, all outputs are
coherent with the crystal oscillator frequency and matching the same percentage accuracy.
The synthesizer is implemented with the following companents :
PLL IC (IC6)
X-TAL(X2)
VARICAP DIODE(DV1,2)
IC6 is a CMOS LSI that includes most of PLL block. The VCO with varicap diode DV1,2 as
a part of the oscillator tank circuit.
QV2 is a switching transistor to connect or disconnect the tunning capacitor in the VCO oscillator
tank circuit for transmitter or receiver.
4-3-2. Reference frequency
The crystal, X2(10.24MHz) and other components at PIN 1 and 24 of IC6 can make a reference
frequency oscillator with internal amplifier.
The oscillator output is internally fed to a divied by 4096 to produce A 2.5KHz swuare wave witch
is the reference input to the phase detector.
4-3-3. VCO
QV1 is connected as a hartley type oscillator with varicap diode as part of the tank circuit. With
Appropriate control voltage on D601 the VCO can be oscillate over the required range of
13.4825MHz to 16.710 MHz.
4-3-4. Programmable divider and its control
The programmable inputs for each channel are set by the PLL clock(PIN34), DATA(PIN35),
Enable(PIN33) of IC5.
Each input signal to control the PLL IC is done with the provided key input PIN 12~15.
For each key input, an internal code convert EEPROM provides the appropriate control to the
programmable divider for that channel.
Since the change transmit and receive, and additional BIT is required ar PIN 16 of IC5 to allow
the ROM to recognize the status TX or RX.
During transmit the push to talk switch grounds PIN 16 thru diode(DS1) which is the transmit
status.
Thr programmable divider output is fed to the phase detector for comparison with the 2.5KHz
reference. See TABLE 1 for actual input and divide ratio on all channels.
4-3-5. Phase Detector and VCO control
The phase detector is a digital phase comparator which compares the phase of the reference
woth programmable divider output square waves and develops a series of pulses whose DC
level depends on the phase error of each signal.
The phase detector pulse output is fed to an active low pass filter and RC LPF ouput signal
of IC6 is filtered and fed to varicap DV1,2 control the VCO frequency.
Page 12
4-3-6. Transmitter / Receiver Buffer AMP
The VCO output is fed into buffer AMP QW1 from the capacitor of CW1.
4-3-7. Transmitter Doubler
The output signal of QW1 goes to an amplifier tuning circuit(27MHz) QW2, LT1, LT2 which
doubles incoming 13MHz signals.
4-3-8. Switching of tuning capacitor in VCO.
The VCO circuit must turn with a wide range of frequencies 13.4825MHz - 13.7025 MHz for
transmitter and 16.27MHz - 16.710 MHz for receiver. The use of one tuning capacitor in common
has adverse effects as a decrease in C in the tuning circuit and the occurrence of may spurious.
To eliminate these effects, the tuning capacitance is switched for transmission or reception.
The tank circuit consist of the primary of LV1, CV1, CV4, CV6, CV7 when receiving QV2 becomes
off.
So. the primary of LV1 and make tuning function. when transmitting, QW2 becomes on.
So, the primary if LV1 and the parable capacitance of CV11 make turning function.
4-3-9. Receiver Local Oscillator Outputs
-First Mixer :
The output of VCO is injected through buffer AMP QW1 and than
The emitter follower output through the emitter of 1'st mixer or 2,3.
-Second Mixer :
The output of 10.240 MHz oscillator circuit with X2 is injected into the if IC of IC1.
Incoming if signal and 10.240 MHz signal are mixed inside the IF IC to 2'nd IF signal 455MHz.
FM audio signal are recovered with the way of quadrature detector.
AM signlas are recovered with envelope detector.
4-4. Frequency Stability
LET : Fo=Crystal Oscillator Frequency
Fr=Phase detector reference frequency
Fvco=VCO frequency
Ft=Transmit freqency
THEN : Fr=Fo/1800
And under locked confitions : Fr =Fvco / N
Where N is the programmable divider divide ratio.
THEN : Fvco= N X Fr = N(Fo/1800)
From which it can be seen, the percentage error in Ft is the percentage error in Fo.
The stability of the crystal oscillator is determined primarily by the crystal itself and having lesser
deviation by the active and passive components of the oscillator. The choice of crystal and
components is such that the required frequency stability is maintained over the required voltage and
tempertature range.
4-5. Description of other circuits.
4-5-1. Transmitter
1. RF Amplification
Page 13
The output of doubler AMP QW2 is fed through double tuning(27MHz) LT1 and LT2 to the base
of PRE AMP QT2. The output is then supplied through tuning circuit LT3 to RF driver AMP QT3.
The QT3 output is capacitance divided by tuning circuit CT10, CT12, LT4, CT13 and passed through
the base of final RF stage QT4. The QT4 output is supplied to the antenna through L-C tuning circuit
(CT21, CT22, LT11, CT26, LT12, CT27, CT28, LT14, CT30).
2. Circuit for suppression of spurious radiation
The tuning circuit between frequency synthersizer and final AMP QT4 and 4-stage " PI"
network CT21, CT22, LT11, CT26, LT12, CT27, CT28, LT14, CT30 in the QT4 output circuit serve
to suppress spurious radiation. This network serves to impedance match QT4 to the antenna and to
reduce spurious content to acceptable levels in the frequency synthersizer.
3. Circuit for Limiting Power
After finished all alignment, the constant voltage supply circuit limites the available power 4W or
slightly less. Corresponding three-TR control supply voltage of RF power amplifier. When power
low S/W function QHL1 changed the supply voltage. Tune all the trimming parts for max indication
of RF power meter and adjust VR3 to make 4W indication of RF power meter. After finished the above
adjustment check the RF power meter reading is changed 1W under ' Low" state.
The tuning is adjusted so that the actual power is from 3.6 to 3.9 watts.
There are no other additional controls for adjusting the TX output power.
4. Modulation
- AM
The MIC input is fed to audio power amplifier IC3 which drives modulation transformer TM1.
The audio output at the secondary of TM1 is fed the modulating audui signals series with the B+
voltage to the collectors of driver QT3 and TX power AMP QT4 to modulate both these stages.
A portion of the modulating voltage is rectified with DM1 which controls QM2 and QM1 to attenuate
the MIC input to MIC AMP IC3.
The resulting feedback loop keeps the modulation from exceeding 100 percent inputs approximately
40dB greater than that requires to produce 50% modulation.
- FM
The MIC input is fed to MIC audio amplifier IC7 that drives modulation varicap diode DV1,2 in the
VOC circuit RV3 limits the incoming modulation audio levels to inhibit over modulation. While
reading the modulation factor on the modulation analyzing equipment, adjustment RV3 shall not exceed
2.0 KHz deviation.
4-5-2. Receiver
CB receiver is dual conversion super-heterodyne type with the first IF 10.695MHz and the
second IF 455KHz.
Receiver is separated two blocks, 1’st IF section and 2’nd IF section. The PLL synthesizer
supplies 1’st
With the provided first local frequencies QR2,3 mixes the incoming signal to generate first IF signal.
Mixed signals were filteres with the CF1(10.695MHz) crystal filter and tuned circuits.
With the 10.24MHz signal,IC1 FM IF IC converts the incoming signals to generate second IF signal.
2'nd IF is filtered by a razor sharp seramic filter CF3 coulpled.
The 455KHz signals from the 2nd IF filter were amplified and limits inernally. After amplification
the signals fed to the quadrature detector loop LR5. Than could see the recovered sifnals PIN 9
of IC1.
local frequency 16.270MHz ~ 16.710MHz.
Page 14
AM signals form the PIN 5 of IC1 were tapped with CR34 and amplified two-stage amplifier QR5,6 is a
a first 455KHz amplifier.
DR3 is a detector diode witch produce audio signal as well as negative DC voltage fir AGC action.
The negative voltage laso provides forward biasing to the mitter of ANL clipping TR QR7.
The biasing voltage has a time constant determined RR44 and CR54.
Therefore any sharp negative going pulse from DR3 will back bias QR7 and clipped.
The way to recover the AM information audio is envelope detector.
** Test Equipment Setup and Alignment Instructions
5-1. VCO voltage adjustment
5-1-1. Required Test Equipment
1) DC power supply : 13.8VDC / 3A
2) DC Voltmeter or Oscilloscope
3) RF attenuator (30dB)
5-1-2. Alignment Procedure
Step Test Item UUT setting Equipment setting
RX VCO voltage Channel: CH1
Adjustment
1
TX VCO voltage Channel: CH1
Adjustment
2
5-3. Equipment connection
UUT: RX condition
Others: Don’t care
UUT: TX condition
Others: Don’t care
Measure the DC voltage
on the VCO test point
Measure the DC voltage
on the VCO test point
Alignment
point
LV1 1.8~2.1
(VDC)
LV1 1.5~2.5
(VDC)
Spec.
Figure 1
Page 15
5-2. Transmitter Section Alignment
5-2-1. Required Test Equipment : If uses in HP8920, the 1)~7) equipment is not a necessity.
1) RF Power Meter
2) 50 ohm Load (non-inductive)
3) RF attenuator (30dB)
4) Audio Generator
5) Modulation meter
5-2-2. Alignment procedure
6) Frequency counter
7) DC Voltmeter
8) Spectrum analyzer
9) DC power supply: 13.8VDC / 3A
10) Oscilloscope
Step Test Item UUT setting Equipment setting
TX
Frequency
Adjustment
1
TX
Power
Adjustment
2
AM Modulation Channel: CH19
Adjustment
3
Channel: CH19
Function:
1) AM or FM mode
2) CB
Unit: TX condition
(MIC PTT on)
Others: Don’t care
Channel: CH19
Function:
1) AM or FM mode
DC power supply : 15.6V
Unit: TX condition
(MIC PTT on)
Others: Don’t care
Function:
1) AM mode
2) CB
Unit: TX condition
(PTT on)
Others: Don’t care
Connect the equipment and
UUT as shown on Figure.2
Connect the equipment and
UUT as shown on Figure.3
Connect the equipment and
UUT as shown on Figure.3
Audio generator
1) Set to 1KHz / 50mV
2) Input to MIC
Adjustment:
1) Adjust RVM1 to obtain
85% modulation
Alignment
point
CTX1
LT1
LT2
RVM1
Spec.
27.185MHz
+/-300Hz
Max.4W
( If cannot
get a power
up to 4W,
adjust VR3)
Max : 90 %
Page 16
Step Test Item UUT setting Equipment setting
Alignment
Spec.
point
FM
Deviation
Adjustment
4
TX
Signal
Meter
of the UUT
5
Adjustment
Half harmonic
6
of the UUT
Adjustment
Channel: CH19
Function:
1) FM mode
2) CB
Unit: TX condition
(PTT on)
Others: Don’t care
Band Mode : F Band
Channel: CH19
Function:
1) FM mode
2) CB
Unit: TX condition
Connect the equipment and
UUT as shown on Figure.3
Audio generator
1) Set to 1KHz / 50mV
2) Input to MIC
Adjustment:
1) Adjust RV3 to obtain
1.8KHz deviation
Connect the equipment and
UUT as shown on Figure.2
AM:1W , FM:4W
Adjustment:
1. AM mode : 1 W
2. FM mode : 4 W
(PTT on)
Others: Don’t care
Channel: CH19 Connect the equipment and
Function:
1) AM mode
2) CB
Unit: TX condition
(PTT on)
Others: Don’t care
UUT as shown on Figure.4
Spectrum
1) Reference Level 35dB
2) Span 50KHz
Adjustment:
1) Carrier Level (by spectrum)
Center Frequency : 27.185MHz
Spec : 33 ~ 35dBm
2) Half Harmonic (by spectrum)
Center Frequency : 39.5925MHz
Spec : < -100 dBm
RV3
LT1
LT2
1.8KHz
Should
display
.AM mode :
1W
TX - Bar
.FM mode :
4W
TX - Bar
< -100dBm
Channel: CH19 Connect the equipment and
UUT as shown on Figure.4
Spectrum
1) Reference Level 35dB
2) Span 50KHz
Adjustment:
1) Carrier Level (by spectrum)
Center Frequency : 27.185MHz
Spec : 33 ~ 35dBm
2) 2nd Harmonic (by spectrum)
Center Frequency : 54.37 MHz
LT12
< -86dBm
LT14
2nd Harmonic
7
of the UUT
Adjustment
Function:
1) AM mode
2) CB
Unit: TX condition LT11
(PTT on)
Others: Don’t care LT13
Spec : < -86 dBm
Page 17
Figure 2
Figure 3
Spectrum
Notchfilter
30dBATT
TCB550
5-3. Receiver Section Alignment
5-3-1. Required Test Equipment : If uses in HP8920, the 1)~4) equipment is not a necessity.