TSL PAM1 MK2 Operating Manual

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SAFETY

Installation.

Unless otherwise stated TSL equipment may be installed at any angle or position within an

-

All TSL equipment conforms to the EC Low Voltage Directive:
EC Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC)(OJ L76 26.3.73)(LVD).

Amendment: (93/68/EEC) (OJ L220 30.8.93).
In all cases the frame of the equipment must be earthed on installation.

Where appropriate, the earth pin on the IEC mains inlet connector is connected to the metal
frame of the equipment, to 0 volts on the internal DC PSU and to signal ground unless otherwise
stated. All metal panels are bonded together.

Check that the voltage selector setting (if fitted) and the fuse rating is correct for the local mains
supply.

Due consideration for cooling requirements must be given when mounting the equipment. It is
recommended that a 1RU of rack space, or a vent panel, should be left above and below the unit.

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WARRANTY, MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

 All TSL products have a one year warranty period starting from the date it leaves the factory.
 A repair warranty is to apply. That is, the product is to be returned for repair with no

replacement and an exchange shipping policy is also to apply.

 TSL offers a seven day DOA policy together with an exchange shipping policy. That is, if a

product has been declared ‘dead on arrival’ within a seven day period a warranty

replacement will be shipped.

 A temporary replacement may be available where, for operational reasons, it is imperative

that service is continued. The customer will be asked to enter into a ‘loan agreement’ for

the duration of repair.

 All faulty equipment returned to TSL for repair will, where possible, be returned to the

customer within seven working days.

TSL Returns Procedure
Please telephone [phone] (Fax: [phone]) and ask for Customer Support,

detailing the model and serial number of the equipment, who will provide a Returns Number. This
will enable us to track the unit effectively and will provide some information prior to the unit
arriving.

For each item, this unique Returns Number must be included with the Fault Report sent with the
unit.

A contact name and telephone number are also required with the Fault Report sent with the unit.
Fault report details required.

 Company:
 Name:
 Address:
 Contact Name:
 Telephone number:
 Fax number:
 Email address:
 Returns Number:
 Symptoms of the fault (to include switch setting positions, input signals etc):

Packing
Please ensure that the unit is well packed as all mechanical damage is chargeable. TSL

recommends that you insure your equipment for transit damage.
The original packaging, when available, should always be used when returning equipment.

If returned equipment is received in a damaged condition, the damage should be reported
both to TSL and the carrier immediately.

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Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................6

1.1 PAM1 MK2 Hookup Schematic .........................................................................................7

1.2 PAM1 MK2 Front and Rear Panel .....................................................................................8

1.3 PAM1 MK2 Front Panel Functions – Quick Lookup ...........................................................9

2.0 Getting Started ................................................................................................................ 10

2.1 Front Panel Controls and Displays ................................................................................... 11

2.2 Rear Panel Connectivity .................................................................................................. 11

2.3 Shortcut Button and Menu ............................................................................................... 12

2.3.1 Input Select ............................................................................................................. 12

2.3.2 Display Mode Select ................................................................................................ 12

2.3.3 Monitoring Mode Select ........................................................................................... 14

2.4 Top Level Screen Mode .................................................................................................. 16

2.4.1 Scroll to Hear ........................................................................................................... 16

2.4.2 Dim Cut Control ....................................................................................................... 16

2.5 External Monitor Functionality ......................................................................................... 17

2.5.1 Activating the External Monitor Output..................................................................... 17

2.5.2 Setting the External Monitor Output Format ............................................................. 18

2.5.3 Configuring the External Monitor 3rd Quadrant ......................................................... 18

2.6 Main Menu ................................ ................................................................ ...................... 19

2.7 Input Selection ................................................................................................................ 19

2.8 Monitor Menu – PCM (non-Dolby) signals........................................................................ 20

2.8.1 Phase Reverse ........................................................................................................ 20

2.8.2 Left/Right/Swap ....................................................................................................... 20

2.8.3 Mono ................................................................................................ ....................... 21

2.8.4 Mix .......................................................................................................................... 21

2.8.5 Downmix ................................................................................................................. 21

2.8.6 All ............................................................................................................................ 21

2.9 Split Mono Input Selection ............................................................................................... 22

2.10 Dolby E, Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus Monitoring ............................................. 23

2.10.1 Dolby E Timing and Rate Information .................................................................. 24

2.10.2 Dolby Metadata .................................................................................................... 25

2.10.3 Dolby E programme number selection ................................................................. 25

2.11 Monitoring using external loudspeakers ....................................................................... 26

2.11.1 Discrete PCM 5.1 – Using ALL Mode ................................................................ ... 26

2.11.2 Dolby E, Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus ....................................................... 27

2.12 Internal and External Monitoring Modes ....................................................................... 28

2.13 Data Screen. ............................................................................................................... 29

2.14 Setup and Setup 2 menus ........................................................................................... 30

2.14.1 Bargraph Settings and non-system default conditions .......................................... 30

2.14.2 Meter Scale Selection .......................................................................................... 30

2.14.3 Reference and Peak Level Selection ................................................................... 31

2.14.4 Block Colour Mode Selection ................................................................ ............... 31

2.14.5 Hold ..................................................................................................................... 31

2.14.6 Dolby E Video Delay ............................................................................................ 31

2.14.7 Audio Delay ......................................................................................................... 32

2.14.8 Signal Conditional UnMute ................................................................................... 33

2.14.9 Un-Mute a PCM signal identified as ‘Data’ ........................................................... 33

2.14.10 Un-Mute a Dolby signal identified as ‘Data’ .......................................................... 33

2.14.11 Override All conditional muting ............................................................................ 33

2.14.12 Setup Menu 2 ...................................................................................................... 34

2.14.13 Locking Presets (Usr Save) .................................................................................. 34

2.14.14 Locking Hotkeys (Hot Save) ................................................................ ................. 34

2.14.15 GPI ...................................................................................................................... 34

2.14.16 Internal Speaker Mute (Int LS) ............................................................................. 34

2.14.17 External Speaker Mute (Ext LS) ........................................................................... 35

2.14.18 Preset Standard Auto-Switching (Pst Std) ............................................................ 35

2.14.19 Aux Mixer (Aux Source, Aux M/S, Aux Level) ...................................................... 35

2.15 Assign Matrix ............................................................................................................... 35

2.16 Loudness Measurement ............................................................................................... 37

2.16.1 Source Selection. ................................................................................................. 37

2.16.2 Target Level, Limit Threshold and Red Line Alarm............................................... 39

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2.16.3 Start, Stop and Reset Triggers ............................................................................. 40

2.16.4 Histogram Display and Integration Settings .......................................................... 40

2.17 Preset Standard Rules ................................................................................................. 42

2.18 PCM and Dolby Default ............................................................................................... 43

2.19 Auxiliary Input Mixer .................................................................................................... 44

2.20 System Upgrade, Default Restore and CAT552 Reset ................................................. 46

2.21 GPI Application ........................................................................................................... 47

2.22 GPI Connectivity ......................................................................................................... 48

2.23 Hotkey and User Preset Memories............................................................................... 49

2.23.1 Recalling User Presets ......................................................................................... 49

2.23.2 Saving User Presets Internally ............................................................................. 50

2.23.3 Saving and Recalling Presets Externally .............................................................. 51

2.23.4 SD Card / USB Save ........................................................................................... 52

2.23.5 SD Card / USB Load ............................................................................................ 52

3.0 Connectivity and pin-out details ....................................................................................... 53

3.1 Analogue XLR Connectors .............................................................................................. 53

3.2 AES XLR Connectors ...................................................................................................... 53

3.3 Analogue Output Connector – D25 Socket Pinout on unit, Plug (shown) on mating cable.
54

3.4 Analogue Input Connector – D25 Socket Pinout on unit, Plug on mating cable. ............... 55

3.5 AES Input/Output Connector 1-4 – D25 Socket Pinout, Plug (shown) on mating cable. ... 56

3.6 Remote Control Connector/ RS 422 - D9 Socket ............................................................. 57

3.7 Metadata - D9 Socket ...................................................................................................... 57

3.8 DIP switch configuration functions ................................................................................... 57

4.0 Notes .............................................................................................................................. 58

4.1 General Notes ................................................................................................................. 58

5.0 PAM1 - MK2 Technical Specifications ............................................................................. 59

6.0 Installed HDC-2T Audio Monitor Module Specification Overview ..................................... 61

Mechanical ................................................................................................................................. 61

Power ......................................................................................................................................... 61

Inputs.......................................................................................................................................... 61

HD/SDI ................................................................................................................................... 61

AES 3 or AES 3id ................................................................................................................... 61

Analogue Inputs ...................................................................................................................... 61

Remote control ....................................................................................................................... 61

Outputs ....................................................................................................................................... 61

Video ...................................................................................................................................... 61

AES ........................................................................................................................................ 62

Analogue Audio ...................................................................................................................... 62

Loudspeakers ......................................................................................................................... 62

GPI inputs .............................................................................................................................. 62

Control.................................................................................................................................... 62

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1.0 Introduction

The PAM1 is a 1RU x 280mm deep Audio Monitoring Unit (AMU) with two LCD displays for audio
level measurement, video confidence and metadata status indication.

PAM1 has been designed in conjunction with some of the worlds leading broadcasters to produce
arguably the most comprehensive, intuitive and feature packed product of its type.

As with any new product which relies on complex software, it is possible that you may find minor
bugs or perhaps think of enhancements which would improve the operation of PAM1. In the event
of either scenario, please feel free to contact TSL via your local reseller or directly on +44 1628­676221, asking for the PAM Product Manager.

TSL will be releasing upgrades and feature enhancements from time to time – as a purchaser of a
PAM1 product you can receive these free of charge through your reseller or directly from TSL.
Please refer to www.tslproducts.com for announcements.

PAM1 MK2 is available in Dolby decoding and non-Dolby versions.
The following features are standard:

 Dual auto-sensing, 1080p (60, 59, 94 and 50Hz), HD/SDI video inputs
 De-embedded audio monitoring from video (HD/SDI) with intuitive selection from up to sixteen

channels (four groups)

 4 AES (4 Pairs/8 Channel) Inputs– 110 Ohm Balanced or 75 Ohm unbalanced via optional CAB-

D25-BNC cable

 2 Analogue Stereo Inputs
 Ethernet for Network connectivity (future use)
 USB connector for system updates and preset save/recall
 SD card slot for system updates and preset save/recall
 ‘Scroll To Hear’ – top level bargraph navigation using rotary encoder
 Downmix of discreet multichannel audio to stereo for compatibility monitoring
 Multichannel audio outputs for external stereo or 5.1 loudspeaker system integration
 ITU BS1770/71 loudness measurement and Histogram
 User Programmable ‘Assign Matrix’
 Audio Output Delay
 Automatic mode switching – depending on signal type
 Dolby E, Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus decoding from HD.SDI and AES signal sources
 Lt Rt and Lo Ro Downmixing of Dolby Signals
 Hi Resolution Video confidence monitoring
 Re-clocked HD/SDI with down converted SDI or composite (PAL.NTSC) video outputs selected

via rear panel Config. Switch.

 Dual high resolution LCD screens for 16 bargraphs, setup and metadata display.
 Choice of user selectable bargraph scales (BBC PPM, EBU PPM, EBU Digital, Nordic, VU and

DIN)

 User programmable presets. 5 Hotkeys by hardware buttons, GPI and 24 internal, accessible by

high level menu selection

 Fixed or variable analogue multichannel outputs (8 mono)
 Fixed or variable AES multichannel outputs (4 pairs/8 Channels)
 Variable stereo analogue outputs
 High quality internal full range loudspeaker system
 Dual 12V DC inputs
 Serial remote control
 Headphone output with LS muting
 Compact, lightweight (3.1Kg) 1RU case, 280mm deep

The PAM1 MK2 represents the natural evolution of the award winning PAM1 3G audio monitoring
family. In purchasing the PAM1 MK2 you are investing in a solution which will evolve to meet your
needs at no further cost to you the owner. As part of TSL company policy, software updates for
the product will be free charge for the life of the unit (subject to conditions) and will unlock new
features and improve existing ones.

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1.1 PAM1 MK2 Hookup Schematic

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PAM1 MK2 User Handbook Issue 1

1.2 PAM1 MK2 Front and Rear Panel

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PAM1 MK2 User Handbook Issue 1

1.3 PAM1 MK2 Front Panel Functions – Quick Lookup

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2.0 Getting Started
The PAM1 is designed to be user friendly and intuitive to operate. The menus and functions will

feel familiar to both users of TSL multichannel audio monitoring products and those buying a TSL
solution for the first time.

The PAM1 MK2 comprises the complete operating system and features of the PAM2 MK2
however a number of additional features such as the ‘Shortcut’ button, which unique to PAM1
MK2 and whose functionality is described within this document.

Important Note: PAM1 ships with a default 0dBu reference level set to

-18 dBFs, the default operating scale is EBU Digital. A simple power up sequence may be
used to alter the operating reference level to -20 dBFs with a default EBU Digital operating
scale.

For -20 dBFs default operation – apply DC power to the rear power connector whilst
simultaneously pressing buttons Menu and ‘2’. The following message will appear on the
right hand LCD signalling a successful operation.

“Default memories cleared Restored Factory - 0dBu = -20dBFs”

For -18 dBFs default operation – apply DC power to the rear power connector whilst the
menu button. A message will appear on the right hand LCD signalling a successful
operation.

“Default memories cleared Restored Factory - 0dBu = -18dBFs”

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2.1 Front Panel Controls and Displays

PAM1 MK2 menus and features are navigated via a shortcut button, multi-function encoder and a
bank of five hotkey pushbuttons. No monitoring function is ever more than two clicks away from
the front panel view.

 The left hand LCD screen displays bargraphs 1-8 in Full-screen mode and bargraphs 1-16 when
Menu / Data or Video modes are activated.

 The left hand LCD also displays decoded Dolby bargraphs, Downmix components and Assign
Matrix selections

 The right hand LCD screen displays bargraphs 9-16 in Full-screen mode and Menu / Data or
Video screens when activated.

 The left hand rotary encoder is used to activate the ‘Scroll To Hear’ feature and to make
selections within Menus and Presets.

 The volume knob is used to adjust internal/external loudspeaker and headphone levels. The
control also features a ‘push’ action which Cut/Dim loudspeaker audio.

 The ‘Shortcut’ button is the key to simple operation of PAM1 MK2. Press Shortcut to access a
unique menu page which includes the most commonly used menu commands and features.

 The USB port is used to save and load User Presets to a compatible memory storage device
 The 5 Hotkey buttons work like the presets on a car stereo. Push and hold a Hotkey to instantly

save a favourite monitoring mode
 The Factory Default condition ships the following Presets pre-programmed on Hotkey buttons 1-

5 respectively. These may be overwritten at any time: defaults can be restored via the reset
procedure described in Section 2.20 of this handbook.

1. SDI 1 Input Pair 1

2. SDI 2 Input Pair 1

3. AES Input Pair 1

4. Analogue Input Pair 1

5. Unassigned

2.2 Rear Panel Connectivity

Unique to the PAM1 MK2, the rear panel features an External Monitor HD-SDI output BNC which
can be connected to a compatible external display device directly via SDI or by use of a 3rd party
convertor to HDMI or DVI equipped monitors.

The Ethernet port fitted to the rear of the unit is not active in the initial product release however it
will be activated by a forthcoming software release and application software will follow in due
course.

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2.3 Shortcut Button and Menu

The Shortcut button is a feature unique to PAM1 MK2. It provides instant access to the most

commonly used menu functions and enables the user to perform the majority of the device ‘hands

on’ functions via just a single button push.

The Shortcut menu is divided into four sections:

 Input Select
 Display Mode
 Monitoring Mode
 Preset Save and Recall

2.3.1 Input Select
The Shortcut menu provides instant access to the SDI1, SDI2, AES and Analogue sources. The

chosen input is routed instantly to the bargraph display and the Shortcut menu exited
automatically.

2.3.2 Display Mode Select
The Display Mode select provides instant access to four display options available for the right

hand screen (other than bargraph). By using the encoder to choose one of Video, Data, Loudness
or Dolby Metadata options instantly routes the chosen display mode to the right hand LCD screen.
The shortcut menu is exited automatically.

 Display Mode - Video

You can save this mode to a Hotkey switch for instant recall of the video preview display

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 Display Mode - Data

You can save this mode to a Hotkey switch for instant recall of the Data page
 Display Mode – Loudness Histogram

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You can save this mode to a Hotkey switch for instant recall of the Loudness Histogram view
 Display Mode – Dolby Metadata. This mode is only available when a Dolby signal is

decoded.

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2.3.3 Monitoring Mode Select
The Monitor Mode select accesses five of the most commonly used monitoring modes available

to PAM1 MK2 users. Since the available monitoring modes are generally used dynamically during
hands-on operation, the Shortcut Menu remains open even when a selection is made. The Back
or Shortcut buttons are used to exit the Shortcut Menu after a monitoring mode selection has
been made.

 Monitoring Mode – Downmix
The PAM1 MK2 Downmix Mode allows the operator to select an adjacent group of 3 audio pairs

(6 audio channels) and create a stereo Downmix
By repeatedly selecting the DnMix button, the group of selected audio pairs move from left to

right across the bargraph display enabling the user to Downmix discrete 5.1 or 5.0 audio from
any location within the 16 channels displayed. Pressing and rotating the Downmix button also

enables the user to scroll through the pair’s selection in the sequence 123, 234, 345, 456, 567 and
678, downmixing the appropriate surround sound audio signals as desired.

The Downmix Mode assumes that audio channels are presented in the correct SMPTE order (L,
R, C, Lfe, Ls, and Rs). The Downmix Mode uses the ITU-R BS.775 algorithm standard.

The example above shows how SDI1 pairs 2, 3 and 4 can be Downmixed to stereo
Once the 5.1 audio components are selected and Downmixed, the selection can be stored to a

Hotkey for instant recall.
 Monitoring Mode – Lt Rt / Lo Ro (Dolby Downmix)
The PAM1 MK2 Lt Rt / Lo Ro (Dolby Downmix) Mode allows the operator to instantly select the

Dolby Downmix mode when decoding a Dolby E, AC-3 or Dolby Digital Plus signal. This mode is
only active when a Dolby signal is present.

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 Monitoring Mode – ALL
The ALL monitoring mode is a feature designed to be used when PAM1 MK2 is connected to an

external active surround sound speaker system. The function defines a group of 5.1 or 5.0 audio
signals that are to be routed to the analogue and AES multichannel outputs and level controlled
via the rotary volume knob.

By selecting ALL the operator can select the group of 6 audios which corresponds to the 5.1 audio
signals. Once a 5.1 group has been defined, the 5.1 audio stems are routed to the external
speaker outputs in the correct SMPTE order (L, R, C, Lfe, Ls, and Rs).
By repeatedly selecting the ALL button, the group of selected audio pairs move from left to right
across the bargraph display enabling the user to route discrete 5.1 or 5.0 audio from any location
within the 16 channels displayed to the external variable audio connectors in order to feed
external active 5.1 speaker systems. Pressing and rotating the ALL button also enables the user
to scroll through the pair’s selection in the sequence 123, 234, 345, 456, 567 and 678.

This function ensures that an embedded discrete 5.1 signal can be monitored regardless of the
location of the 5.1 stems. The user can store different settings for monitoring discrete 5.1 audio in
their User and Hotkey Presets.

When ALL is activated, the PAM1 MK2 internal loudspeakers are muted automatically.
 Monitoring Mode – Mono
When the Mono button is selected, the monitored audio signal stereo signal pair is mono’d (sum

= L+R). Monitoring Mode – Mono
When the Mono button is selected, the monitored audio signal stereo signal pair is mono’d (sum

= L+R).
 Monitoring Mode – Phase
When the Phase button is selected, the left side of the

monitored audio signal is reversed with respect to the right.

Monitoring Mode – Mono
When the Phase button is selected, the monitored audio

signal stereo signal pair is mono’d (sum = L+R).

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2.4 Top Level Screen Mode

The example below shows PAM1 in dual screen Metering Mode listening to Group 1 Pair 1 of an
embedded SDI video signal.

2.4.1 Scroll to Hear
Push, hold and rotate the Encoder to move the yellow ‘Scroll To Hear’ box to listen to any of

the 16 embedded audio channels. This is the simplest means to navigate PAM1 and can be used
whenever the unit is not in a Menu or Loudness Histogram mode.

2.4.2 Dim Cut Control
The rotary volume control of PAM1 also features a push switch cut/dim function. Push the volume

control once to cut the volume to internal speakers, headphones and variable audio outputs.
Pushing the volume control a second time will dim the output level by 12 dB. A final push will
return the output volume to full level.

When the right hand LCD screen is in Bargraph mode the current condition of the Master
Volume control is indicated via the graphical display as shown below.

 Blue denotes that volume control is Normal.
 Red denotes that volume control is Cut.
 Orange denotes that volume control is Dim.

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2.5 External Monitor Functionality

When an external monitor is first connected to PAM1 MK2 the screen will display a colour bar
pattern signifying that the output is connected but not activated.

.

2.5.1 Activating the External Monitor Output
The External Monitor output is activated via the Setup menu. The menu is accessed by pressing

the encoder, selecting Setup and then selecting Ext Mon

The default view upon activation will appear as per the image below with bargraph displays in the
upper quadrants of the image.

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2.5.2 Setting the External Monitor Output Format
The External Monitor output can be set to formats 1080i50, 1080i59.94 or 1080i60 with a 16:9

aspect ratio using the Setup Menu button Ext Std

2.5.3 Configuring the External Monitor 3rd Quadrant
The External Monitor comprises four quadrants of which the upper two permanently display the

bargraph information from the PAM1 left and right LCD screens and the lower right quadrant, the
currently active video signal image.

The lower right (3rd) quadrant can be configured to display Loudness Histogram, Data or Dolby
Metadata pages 1 to 3 and is configured via the Ext Mon Q3 button from Setup Menu.

Setting the output to Dolby Metadata or Data will result in the following selections.

The External Monitor Output can be used with SDI monitors, Multiviewers or domestic PC screens
via inexpensive SDI to HDMI/DVI/VGA convertors.

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2.6 Main Menu

Press the Menu button to access Main Menu. Use the Scroll encoder to highlight and select from
the displayed Menu options. From any Menu, pressing Back (illuminated red) or the Menu button
(PAM1 MK2 only) will either exit the current menu page or return directly to the top level screen
view.

The Main Menu screen also displays
basic data about the current selected
input signal as shown.

2.7 Input Selection

PAM1 ships with Hotkeys 1-4 pre-programmed to instantly access SDI1, SDI2, AES and
Analogue inputs. Selecting these Hotkeys will directly route the selected input signal to the
bargraph display. Since these Hotkeys are likely to be overwritten and customised as required,
input selection can be made from the Main Menu screen or via the Shortcut Menu as previously
described.

By highlighting and selecting the Input option, SDI, AES and Analogue inputs can be accessed.
A shortcut button enables the user to ‘jump’ to the extended Monitor Menu once the desired
input is selected. The Aux Level control is used in conjunction with the Aux Mixer described
elsewhere in this document.

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2.8 Monitor Menu – PCM (non-Dolby) signals

The Monitor Menu is generally used to activate listening modes not readily accessible via ‘Scroll
To Hear’ selection or the Shortcut Menu. As PAM products have evolved over time since their

introduction in 2008, more and more improvements to the operating system has meant that
operators use the Monitoring Menu much more infrequently. Where alternative means to select
Monitoring functions are available, they are described.

2.8.1 Phase Reverse
The Monitor Menu features a ‘Phase Reverse’ button which enables the user to reverse the

phase of the right signal of a selected audio pair with respect to the left.
Note: This function can also be accessed directly via the Shortcut Menu

2.8.2 Left/Right/Swap
Pushing to select L – R enables individual selection of either Left or Right components of the

highlighted stereo pair (or pairs).
The L – R function also enables Left and Right audio components to be swapped.

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2.8.3 Mono
The Mono mode button sums the left and right components of the selected audio channels.
Note: This function can also be accessed directly via the Shortcut Menu

2.8.4 Mix
When Mix Mode is activated, multiple bargraph pairs may be selected and monitored as a mixed

stereo pair. Up to four pairs may be mixed together simultaneously.

2.8.5 Downmix
Downmix Mode allows the operator to select an adjacent group of 3 audio pairs (6 audio

channels) and create a stereo Downmix.
Downmix Mode is described fully within the Shortcut Menu section of this document

2.8.6 All
ALL Mode allows the operator to select an adjacent group of 3 audio pairs (6 audio channels) and

route them to a set of external 5.1 loudspeakers.
ALL Mode is described fully within the Monitoring Using External Speakers section of this

document

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2.9 Split Mono Input Selection

The Scroll to Hear function of the PAM1 features a special operational mode which enables the
operator to select to listen to two non adjacent mono audio channels as a stereo pair.

Scroll the yellow Hear Box to the first of the desired mono channels using the usual ‘push and
turn’ method and then release the encoder. For a subsequent period of 3 seconds the user is
permitted to turn the encoder (without pressing) to select a second non adjacent mono audio
signal. Once the selection is made the resultant selection is heard through the loudspeaker or
headphone outputs with the first mono channel routed to the left output and the second to the
right..

Note: A Split Mono selection is indicated on the front left hand screen in the lower right text
window. The selection may be saved as a Hotkey or User Preset for instant recall

Split Mono selection uses the Assign Matrix section of the PAM1 in order to create a pair of non
consequential audio channels. When a Split Mono pair is defined, the Assign Matrix represents
the resultant signal selection as illustrated below.

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2.10 Dolby E, Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus Monitoring

PAM1 MK2 with Dolby Option Fitted
When a Dolby E, Dolby Digital or Dolby Digital Plus encoded audio pair is selected, PAM1 will

automatically decode the signal into its component parts and name the stems according to the
Channel Coding information carried within the Metadata. The decoded audio component
bargraph is displayed on the left LCD display and an Lt/Rt or Lo/Ro (user selectable) Downmix
bargraph pair is created from the Metadata and shown as a 5th pair on the left screen (as shown
below).
In Top Level Mode the input bargraph display is shown on the right LCD display with a Dolby
logo now superimposed below the decoded bargraph pair (as shown).

The right hand display can be altered using the Shortcut Menu to show data, video, loudness
or metadata information as required when a Dolby signal is decoded.

Scroll to Hear Mode is used as normal when monitoring Dolby E, Dolby Digital or Dolby
Digital Plus encoded signals. By pushing and turning the encoder the ‘Hear Box’ can be moved

across the decoded audio channels in the usual way, selecting to listen to Dolby components as
desired. In the example below, the Centre channel has been ‘soloed’ and would be heard equally
from the left and right stereo output channels.

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To exit Dolby Decoding Mode, push and hold the encoder for several seconds and the PAM1
will revert to the Top Level Mode. The encoder can be rotated to move the ‘Hear Box’ and
select another signal from the top level screen.

2.10.1 Dolby E Timing and Rate Information
The Data Screen of the PAM1 displays extended information about any decoded Dolby E and

Dolby Digital sources. This shows the frame rate of the Dolby encoded signal and its timing
relative to a video source where available.

For AES inputs, the frame rate information is displayed as a minimum:
Dolby E 20bit 29.97 - or - Dolby E 16bit 25Hz

For embedded Dolby E sources, the start line position is displayed in the format:

Dolby E 16bit L11

The image below shows an example of a 20 bit Dolby E signal embedded at line 507

This functionality is also extended to mixed sources. If an AES source is selected for monitoring,
whilst a video source is selected with the same frame rate, then the display will give the
approximate line position of the AES Dolby E start relative to the video. This allows the timing of
an AES signal to be checked either before embedding or after extraction (note the embedder /
extractor delays need to be accounted for in a system). For sources of different frame rates, the
display reverts to the Dolby E frame rate. The video frame rate is already displayed on the top
level menu.

Dolby Digital and Digital Plus sources are also identified, although no further information is
provided without a decoder.

All of the above functions are available both with and without on-board Dolby decoding, providing
the source has a correctly formatted SMPTE 337M header

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2.10.2 Dolby Metadata
Primarily for use with Dolby E, Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus encoded audio signals: the

Metadata Menu accesses a user selectable 3 pages each containing a group of 7 Dolby Metadata
parameters. By highlighting and selecting any of the 7 options, the user can use the encoder to
scroll through a list of all Metadata settings read by the CAT552 card for Dolby E, Dolby Digital
and Dolby Digital Plus audio and create their own Metadata monitoring view.

Metadata - Page 1

Metadata – Page 2

Page 2 Metadata fields include -

 Video rate
 Dolby E Programme Description
 Dolby E Stream mode
 Dolby E Surround mode
 Dolby E LFE On/Off
 Dolby E Mix Level
 Dolby E Room type

Metadata – Page 3

Page 3 Metadata fields include -

 Format
 Dolby D Errors
 Dolby D Coding
 Dolby D Centre mix
 Dolby D Surround mix
 Dolby D Data rate
 Dolby D Dialnorm

2.10.3 Dolby E programme number selection
The Setup Menu allows the user to select which programme the Metadata is read from. The

screen below shows the E prg# selection on the Setup window. By selecting E prg# the user may
scroll through Dolby E programme numbers 1 to 8 and select the appropriate programme
number. This setting may be saved as part of a user preset.

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2.11 Monitoring using external loudspeakers

The PAM1 features an intelligent monitoring matrix designed to optimise the use of both internal
and external loudspeaker systems. Connection of either Stereo or 5.1 loudspeaker systems is
accommodated and monitoring modes automatically configured to ensure that only the audio
components selected are those that are heard using the appropriate output channels.

For example: when listening to a stereo Downmix through a 5.1 surround sound loudspeaker
system, only the left and right speakers are active whilst the centre, LFE and surround speakers
are muted. Dedicated multichannel monitoring modes ALL and DRC route surround audio
components to 5.1 loudspeakers in the correct channel order without the need for complex routing
configuration.
The table shown in Section 2.12 explains the default monitoring modes based on the various
menus and DIP switch selections detailed in the following descriptions.

De-embedded or decoded multichannel audio (Dolby or discrete PCM) is automatically routed to
the AES and analogue outputs connectors. The rear panel located DIP Switch includes a
selection to mute internal loudspeakers and to set AES and analogue outputs to variable level
(adjusted by the front panel volume control).

Stereo or 5.1 external loudspeakers can be connected (see the application diagram in front of this
Handbook).

2.11.1 Discrete PCM 5.1 – Using ALL Mode

The Shortcut and Monitoring menus include an ALL option. By selecting ALL the operator can
select any group of 6 audios channels from the bargraph display corresponding to the 5.1 audio
signals. Once a 5.1 group has been defined, the 5.1 audio stems are routed to the external
speaker outputs in the correct SMPTE order (L, R, C, LFE, Ls, and Rs).

By repeatedly selecting the ALL button, the group of selected audio pairs move from left to right
across the bargraph display enabling the user to route discrete 5.1 or 5.0 audio from any location
within the 16 channels displayed to the external variable audio connectors in order to feed
external active 5.1 speaker systems. Pressing and rotating the ALL button also enables the user
to scroll through the pair’s selection in the sequence 123, 234, 345, 456, 567 and 678.

The image below shows the ALL button selected from within the Shortcut Menu and the
selection of audio pairs 2,3 and 4 defined as an embedded 5.1 audio programme.

This function ensures that an embedded discrete 5.1 signal can be monitored regardless of the
location of the 5.1 stems. The user can store different settings for monitoring discrete 5.1 audio
using the Hotkey or User Presets.

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The ALL listening mode automatically mutes the internal loudspeakers and routes the
selected audio to 5.1 external loudspeakers via the variable multichannel analogue and AES
connectors. Selection can be saved as presets for instant recall.

2.11.2 Dolby E, Dolby Digital and Dolby Digital Plus
Using ALL and DRC Modes

The Dolby monitoring menu includes options called ALL and DRC. When used with a 5.1
loudspeaker monitoring system ALL routes the decoded 5.1 audio to the multichannel outputs. In
DRC mode, the Dolby decoded 5.1 outputs is affected by Dolby DRC metadata and adjusted
accordingly replicating the consumer/viewer listening experience. If the monitoring mode is
switched away from ALL or DRC then the Centre, LFE, Ls and Rs speaker channels are muted
and only the Left and Right channels are active. The 5.1 monitoring selections enable a user to
‘solo’ individual surround sound signals to check the integrity of their audio.

The image below shows how a Dolby decoded signal can be routed to external 5.1 speakers using
the Shortcut Menu

The DRC listening mode can be used in conjunction with either ALL or Lt Rt (Lo Ro) modes and
switches Dynamic Range Compression into the monitoring output signal path providing DRC is
activated with the Dolby Metadata component of the encoded signal. Line and RF DRC
monitoring modes can be selected via the DRC button enabling the user to hear the effect of
either form of compression on the decoded signal and hence check the integrity of the audio
heard by the consumer.

DRC mode can only be activated via the Monitoring Menu and is only available if a Dolby signal
is being decoded. The images below show the selection of ALL and DRC modes using the
monitoring menu.

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M onit oring

M ode Int ernal LS

Ext Fixed -

D2 5 (Int LS

On)

Ext Fixed -

D2 5 (Int LS

Off )

External

V ariable

Int ernal LS

Ext Fixed -

D2 5 (Int LS

On)

Ext Fixed -

D2 5 (Int LS

Off )

External

V ariable

All Muted

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

5.1 Audio from

decoded source

Muted

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

5.1 Audio from
selected
channels

DRC + ALL

(Line or RF)

Muted

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

5.1 Audio from

decoded source

N/A N/A N/A N/A

Lt Rt Lt Rt only

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

Lt Rt only N/A N/A N/A N/A

Lo Ro Lo Ro only

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

Lo Ro only N/A N/A N/A N/A

DM ix

Stereo Downmix

of pairs 1,2,3

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

Stereo Downmix

of decoded

pairs 1,2,3

Stereo Downmix

of selected

channels

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

Stereo Downmix

of selected

channels

* Individual

Stereo output

of selected

channels

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

Stereo output

of selected

decoded

channels

Stereo output

of selected

channels

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

De-embedded

AES and

Analogue

Stereo output

of selected

channels

* Individual refers to single, paired or multiple audio channels selected from the monitoring menu.

Dolby Encoded Audio

Discrete Audio

2.12 Internal and External Monitoring Modes

The table below indicates the various monitoring modes available to PAM1 users and the audio
signals presented to internal loudspeakers and external connectors when each mode is selected.

Ext Fixed/Variable D25 refers to both analogue and AES multichannel 1-8 output connectors
whose modes can be altered between fixed and variable via the rear panel DIP switches.

AES outputs 9-16 are fixed level at all times and carry a direct feed of inputs 9-16 of the selected
source whenever the AES outputs are in fixed mode. When AES outputs are set to variable
mode, this connector carries a fixed level copy of the signal routed to the variable output
connector.

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2.13 Data Screen.

The Data Screen view is activated from the Shortcut Menu and provides up to 6 fields of
feedback regarding the signal being monitored and the operational status of PAM1. It also
displays several key Loudness measurement parameters including Shortterm, Integrated and
Loudness Range values when Loudness measurement is activated

State: The current User Preset name and number
Source: The selected input signal and channel
Video: The format of the selected video input signal or that of the most recently selected signal

should an audio only source be routed to the bargraph display
Format: Data pertaining to the audio component of the selected signal (ie PCM or Dolby

encoded). The Dolby line position is also displayed where appropriate: however, this is replaced
with the Dolby signal frame rate when the encoding rate is incompatible with that of the host video
signal.

Configuration: Channel configuration of a Dolby encoded signal
Dialnorm: Dialnorm value of a Dolby encoded signal

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2.14 Setup and Setup 2 menus

Setup Menu 1 includes options for different Scales, Reference Levels, Peak Hold, Dolby E
programme, Dolby E Video compensation delay, Video Window and Audio delay. By

highlighting and selecting a parameter, the user can scroll through the available options and tailor
PAM1 to suit their needs.

2.14.1 Bargraph Settings and non-system default conditions

The standard operating conditions of PAM1 are described during the Introduction to this
Handbook in section 2.0. Non system operating defaults for level and scale options may be set
as follows:

From initial power up, go into the SETUP menu and choose the desired values for Meter type and
alignment levels. These will be echoed on the left display as you choose them.
Having chosen your defaults, move the yellow highlight box to "SETUP2", but do not go into the
lower menu.
Then press and hold the encoder without turning it for 15 seconds (the screens will refresh after 1
second, which is the Dolby scroll exit timer finishing - ignore this)
After 15 seconds, you should get a message saying "Default Setup stored Back to proceed".

You should now find all memories, factory or user, have the chosen defaults
The factory memories can only be changed by repeating this process (or by a factory reset), but
the user memories can be configured as desired (so you can have different metering types on
different presets).

NOTE, however, that if you repeat this procedure to change the factory memories, then ALL user
memories will have their metering defaults over-written.

2.14.2 Meter Scale Selection
The highlighted option at the top left of the Setup Menu is used to choose the bargraph scale type

displayed by the current preset.

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Seven International scales are supported by PAM1, they are as follows:
EBU Digital (IEC 60268)

BBC PPM (IEC IIa)
EBU PPM (IEC IIb)
Nordic (IEC I)
DIN PPM
Standard VU

2.14.3 Reference and Peak Level Selection
The dBFs parameter can be used to alter the 0dB reference level from between -12 and -24
dBFs. The Zero parameter selects the offset level between the Zero dBFs setting and the onset of
Peak indication (the point where the bargraph changes colour to red).

2.14.4 Block Colour Mode Selection
When set to Block mode, the Peak parameter enables the user to choose to illuminate the
indication between zero dBFs and the peak level in yellow.

2.14.5 Hold
The Hold parameter activates a peak hold indication when switched on.

2.14.6 Dolby E Video Delay
The PAM1 features a 1 frame (40 ms) video delay setting which can be inserted into the
Downconverted video display to compensate for the latency caused by decoding a Dolby E signal.
If selected and activated, the delay will be switched into the video signal path automatically when
a Dolby E input signal is detected and decoded. The Video Confidence window on PAM1 MK2 will
be subject to a 1 frame delay when the video delay mode is active.

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2.14.7 Audio Delay

The TSL PAM family of audio monitoring units is unique in that they feature the ability to insert up
to 250ms of delay into the audio monitoring signal path (headphone, internal speaker or variable
level outputs). This is designed for use in situations where the unit is being used in conjunction
with a video system which introduces latency (for example: Multiviewer and LCD screen
combinations) and so the audio monitoring system must be delayed to compensate.

By selecting ‘Audio dly´ from the Setup Menu whilst pushing and rotating the encoder, audio
delay in 1ms steps up to a total value of 250ms may be selected. The selection must be stored as
part of the associated User Preset and is not set as part of the system default. This allows the
user to configure different settings for dissimilar signal types or for inputs and modes where audio
delay is not required (such as analogue audio sources without associated video).

The delay feature auto-compensates for decoding latency introduced by Dolby D and E decoding.
For example, if an audio monitoring delay setting has been configured for 80ms whenever the
SDI1 input is selected and the embedded audio contains a Dolby E channel which is decoded, the
audio delay algorithm will reduce the preset setting by 40ms so that the overall delay remains
constant: 40ms (Dolby E decode latency) + 80ms (SDI 1 delay preset) – 40ms (auto
compensation) = 80ms.

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2.14.8 Signal Conditional UnMute

The PAM1 is designed to protect the operator and his/her loudspeaker equipment against
unexpected or hostile audio. It performs this task by monitoring the data contained within signal
SMPTE headers and ancillary data which is compared to the audio signal.

Example: A PCM audio signal embedded within SDI may be accompanied by a SMPTE header
declaring that it is data and not audio. Although the signal will be present on the PAM1 bargraphs
it will be reported within the data information fields as Data and the loudspeakers will be muted by
default as a defence mechanism to protect against damage to hardware and hearing.

2.14.9 Un-Mute a PCM signal identified as ‘Data’
The button labelled UnMute provides a means to override the default speaker muting system
designed to protect against hostile or unexpected audio signal conditions.
Use the encoder to select the UnMute button and push / turn to select Data. This will override the
default speaker muting condition temporarily: the condition can be assigned to a user preset or
Hotkey using the User Preset Save procedure described elsewhere in this handbook.

2.14.10 Un-Mute a Dolby signal identified as ‘Data’
If a Dolby encoded signal is not identified as Dolby correctly or if there is unexpected header
information then PAM1 will mute by default. To override this condition please follow the
procedure outlined previously and select Dolby. Save this condition as a preset or Hotkey.

2.14.11 Override All conditional muting
Both Data and Dolby default mute conditions can be activated simultaneously by selecting ALL
using the UnMute button. As previously described this selection must be saved to a preset or
Hotkey for it to become a permanent state of operation.

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2.14.12 Setup Menu 2

Setup Menu 2 is used to access the global system settings and software update processes (for
information on software updating see Section 2.20). Setup 2 is accessed from a button within the
first level Setup Menu

2.14.13 Locking Presets (Usr Save)
Presets can be locked to prevent them from being accidentally overwritten. Select the Usr save

button and push/turn to lock. The Save function will now become disabled and editing of the User
Preset function de-activated.

2.14.14 Locking Hotkeys (Hot Save)
Hotkeys can be locked to prevent them from being accidentally overwritten. Select the Hot Save

button and push/turn to lock. The Hotkey function will now become disabled.

2.14.15 GPI
GPI functionality is described elsewhere within this handbook (see Section 2.21)

2.14.16 Internal Speaker Mute (Int LS)

The Internal loudspeakers may be muted via either a rear panel DIP switch or by using the
button located within Setup 2 menu. If the DIP switch is set to ‘off’ then the function of the on
screen button is defeated. The action of the on screen Internal LS mute switch is preset

dependant and not a system default.

Coupled with the ability to mute the External Speaker outputs (see below) the PAM1 can be used
with both internal and external speaker systems switching between the two. This setup may suit
applications such as MCR or QC Suites where specific programme content occasionally requires

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the attention of full range or 5.1 listening or when two or more PAM1 operators share a common
external speaker system.

2.14.17 External Speaker Mute (Ext LS)

The External loudspeaker (analogue and AES variable level outputs) connections may be
muted by using the button located within Setup 2 menu. The action of the on screen External

LS mute switch is preset dependant and not a system default.

2.14.18 Preset Standard Auto-Switching (Pst Std)
Preset Standard Auto-Switching functionality is described elsewhere within this handbook (see

Section 2.17)

2.14.19 Aux Mixer (Aux Source, Aux M/S, Aux Level)

Aux Mixer functionality is described elsewhere within this handbook (see Section 2.19)

2.15 Assign Matrix

The Assign Matrix is intended for use in multichannel audio monitoring situations where discrete
surround sound signals are being transported in non SMPTE or unconventional channel order.

The Assign Matrix takes the form of a 16 x 6 router where the inputs can be routed from SDI1,
SDI2, AES or Analogue connections (exclusively). The outputs represent the 6 surround
channels of a 5.1 programme and once the matrix is ‘activated’ are displayed as 6 bargraphs on
the left LCD. Standard PAM1 monitoring modes can be used to derive a Downmix, solo
individual channels or route audio to external surround loudspeakers.

Access to the Assign Matrix is via the Main Menu.

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Application Example 1: a clean 4.0 surround mix of Left, Right, Left and Right Surround is
embedded sequentially across channels 3 to 6 of an SDI signal while multiple language mono
Centre channels are embedded elsewhere within the same signal. An operator it needs to be able
to reconstruct each 5.0 surround sound mix for monitoring purposes – the Assign Matrix is
designed to simplify the task and by using User Preset programming to enable instant recall of
each monitoring setup. The images below show how this set up would be achieved using a Centre
channel embedded on channel 16.

The icons within the Assign Matrix screen represent individual channels of a 5.1 programme – by
selecting each individually via the encoder, any mono input audio signal can be routed to that
output channel. Output channels can be muted if they are not required (as LFE in the example
shown).

Once the Assign Matrix routing is completed and the matrix activated the following bargraph
display is represented across the left and right LCD screens respectively.

The left hand screen shows a bargraph representation of the output channels with a default
condition of a stereo Downmix whilst the right hand screen provides a reference to the status of
the input channels as defined by the Assign Matrix. The sources of the surround sound
components are denoted by yellow boxes and text identification below the bargraphs. The setup
could then be stored directly to a User Preset button for instant recall.

The Assign Matrix may be used for non-surround applications and is ideal for creating
customised stereo or mono mixes from multiple mono sources (by using Downmix) or for
applications such as ‘Solo in Place’ and LCR monitoring.

It is important to note that the Assign Matrix will remain active when associated with a User
Preset state until the Inactive button is pressed.

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2.16 Loudness Measurement
ITU-R BS1770 Loudness Setup menu is accessed from the Main Menu.
PAM1 aims to provide the user with a set of tools which comply with the recommendations of both

the ATSC (A85) and EBU (R128) Loudness committees whilst giving the flexibility to tailor
operation to suit local requirements.

The Loudness Setup menu may be used to define the parameters used to measure Loudness
using the ITU-R BS1770 algorithm, to select and set the specific audio channels under test and to
start/stop measurement manually. The resultant Loudness measurement may be observed via
either the Bargraph Display or from the Loudness Histogram which is accessed via the Data
button.

The Loudness implementation does not require the operator to listen to the audio components
being measured as the location of the Hear Box and Loudness Cursor may be independent of
one another (Fixed and Dolby source modes).

2.16.1 Source Selection.
The PAM1 comprises 4 modes of operation for use when measuring Loudness from a User

determined audio signal. In Fixed mode the user is able select whichever channels are subject to
measurement, Follow mode takes a measurement of a 5.0 signal determined by the location of
the yellow ‘Hear’ box and finally Dolby mode automatically selects the surround sound
components of a decoded Dolby E, Digital or Digital Plus signal.

Off Mode: The Loudness menu Source Selection includes an OFF position for use when the
Loudness measurement is not required. This switch position disables all onscreen representation

of Loudness measurement including the Target value, Measured value, Histogram and Menu
selection

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Fixed Mode: Fixed Mode should be used when the audio signal under test should not change
despite the position of the yellow ‘Hear Box’. In the example shown below, channels 1, 2, 3, 5
and 6 are selected as the L, R, C, Ls and Rs components respectively.

Their selection is denoted by the horizontal green cursor displayed below the ‘pair’ identification.
Providing the user does not switch away from the selected signal input or User Preset, then the
PAM1 will continue to measure the Loudness of the highlighted audio components. In this mode
of operation PAM1 does not make the assumption that the audio signals are present in the correct

SMPTE channel order for 5.1 sound – by selecting the channel components individually, non
SMPTE order 5.1 audio can be chosen and measured. Unused channels can also be turned ‘OFF’

for Stereo, 4.0 or other custom applications. As per the ITU-R guidelines, the LF channel is not
subject to measurement.

Follow Mode: Follow Mode should be used when the audio signal under test is determined by the
position of the yellow Hear Box. In operation, as the user scrolls to hear audio components of the
displayed audio signal, the green Loudness cursor will move accordingly and measure the 5
component signals to the right of the selected source. In this mode of operation PAM1 makes the
assumption that the audio signals are present in the correct SMPTE channel order for 5.1 audio.
As per the ITU-R guidelines, the LF channel is not subject to measurement.

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Target Value

Measured

Dynamic Value

Measured Value

– Moving

Cursor

Target Value –
Reference Line

Dolby Mode: When decoding a Dolby signal, the Loudness measurement feature can be set to
automatically select the appropriate audio components of the 5.1 programme. Since the PAM1
identifies the channel configuration via the embedded Dolby Metadata, the Loudness feature
uses this information to define the signal under test.

2.16.2 Target Level, Limit Threshold and Red Line Alarm
The purpose of Loudness measurement is to ensure that TV programme audio content is

produced, distributed and ultimately transmitted at a level which does not inconvenience the
listener and/or contravene any local or national regulations. PAM1 helps the broadcaster to
monitor the Loudness of programme audio content by comparing the measured level against a
user defined Target Level (this might be figure determined by a regulator). A threshold Limit
above or below the Target value determines the point at which the Loudness value displayed
changes from green to red. The onscreen information is described below.

The Target Level can be set within a range of +13 to -30 or it can be defined by the Dialnorm of
a decode Dolby signal. The value is displayed as an orange numerical value to the right of the
left LCD screen. An orange reference cursor is also displayed across the bargraphs.

The derived Loudness figure is indicated as a dynamic red or green numerical value using either
LKFS or LUFS units of measurement. A moving cursor follows the LFS value as it changes
dynamically with both number and cursor changing colour from green to red as the Target Value
plus Limit (if set) is exceeded.

The Limit Value at which a Loudness value ‘red lines’ can be set at up to +6 LU above the
Target Value. At the point at which the ‘Red Line’ limit is reached, PAM1 triggers an output GPI
via the D15 rear connector. This can be used for external Alarm notification and/or to control a
third party Loudness control device.

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2.16.3 Start, Stop and Reset Triggers
In order that Loudness measurement can be targeted towards specific programme content,

PAM1 is equipped with the ability to Start and Stop (pause) measurement cycles. These
functions can either be triggered manually from the on screen button or from a GPI via the D9
connector at the rear of the unit.

The action of restarting measurement after a ‘stop’ is executed recommences calculation of

Loudness from the previous value or values. This methodology ensures that programme
loudness measurement can be achieved outside of scheduled interruptions such as commercial

breaks or announcements. A means to integrate this could be to use studio or playout
automation to start/stop measurement via the GPI.

The Reset button discards any previously measured values enabling a new calculation to begin
once the Start button is activated once more.

2.16.4 Histogram Display and Integration Settings
The Display button within the Loudness Setup menu provides access to three integration modes

by which the resultant loudness level can be displayed as either a numerical value, moving line or
via the Histogram.

The sample for all Loudness measurement is set internally at 400ms. The 3 modes of display are
as follows:

 A 3 Second sliding window.
 Integrated Measurement over the entire duration of any clip/programme. Control achieved via

the Start/Stop/Reset buttons (soft or GPI)

 Gated: Similar to Integrated except that any sample lower than the -10dB gating level is

discarded.

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The Loudness Histogram is accessed via the Shortcut Menu. The Histogram view can display
loudness against time over a 2, 7, 15, 30 and 60 minute period. The scale shows variation of +/­6 LU either side of the user defined Target Level. There are direct access buttons at the top of
the display which can be used to toggle between the two time period displays, three Integration
modes and the Loudness Setup menu (via the Loudness History button).

Any measured values which exceed the Target level are shown in red. Over Target values which
then exceed Limit are then clipped and do not extend to show peak. This gives the user a
comprehensive and instantaneous reference to the behaviour of audio within the tested
programme material.
The diagram below shows a programme Histogram displaying a Target level measurement with
a Limit level set at +4 LU which is being exceeded at three points

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2.17 Preset Standard Rules

The Preset Standard Rules feature within the Setup 2 menu enables PAM1 to automatically
switch between Presets depending on dynamic input signal format changes.

The Preset Standard (Pst Std) button has 3 user states.

 ALL is the default condition and is used in normal operation. By definition, when Preset

Standard is set to ALL, the PAM1 operates as usual and is oblivious to changes to input

signal types and functions as normal.

 HD Only should be selected as part of a Preset which is intended to be automatically

activated whenever an HD signal is received.

 SD Only should be selected as part of a Preset which is intended to be automatically

activated whenever an SD signal is received.

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In use, when monitoring modes are being setup and saved as a Preset and will be subject to
Preset Standard rules, the Pst Std selection must be made and saved as part of that preset or
presets.

Important: For Preset Standard to work, the SD preset should be stored directly adjacent to the
HD preset at either a pair of User Preset locations or two Hotkey buttons. The SD button must

have first been pressed to recall said mode in order to activate automatic switching operation.

Application Example: SDI 1 input is cabled across a TV Station transmission which switches
between SD and HD material. The SD signal always contains an embedded stereo audio
programme on Group 1 Pair 1: the HD signal comprises a Dolby E signal on pair 2 with an
encoded 5.1 programme. The operator wants to hear the stereo programme when an SD signal is
present and the Lt Rt Downmix decoded from the Dolby E signal when HD is present without
having to remember to switch between listening modes manually. Preset Standard Rules can be
used to configure two independent Hotkey Presets between which the PAM1 will automatically
switch as the input signal standard changes.
The images below show how the application example would appear in operation with the Data
button active and SD Only and HD Only Preset Standard Rules applied to Hotkey Preset
buttons 1 and 2.

2.18 PCM and Dolby Default

The PCM and Dolby Default functions provide a sympathetic conditional switching function to the
Preset Standard feature described previously. By assigning default conditions for PCM and Dolby

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signal types the PAM1 can automatically configure the audio monitoring characteristic appropriate
to the operation on a preset by preset basis.

PCM Default can be set to ‘OFF’ or ‘STEREO’ where a detected incoming PCM signal will cause
the PAM to either remain in its current monitoring state (OFF) or default to STEREO

Dolby Default can be set to ‘OFF’, ‘Lx Rx’ or ‘ALL’ where a detected incoming Dolby signal will

cause the PAM to either remain in its current monitoring state (OFF), to automatically Downmix
the signal (Lx Rx) or send the decoded 5.1 components to the external surround speaker output

AES and analogue connections (ALL) providing they are set to ‘Variable’ mode.

Application Example: When the ‘Hear Box’ is set to monitor any given pair as part of a preset, the
default monitoring condition for both internal and external speakers is to reproduce the audio in
stereo. If the associated preset is set with a condition where the Dolby Default is set to ALL, the
PAM1 will automatically select the surround 5.1 audio components of an incoming Dolby encoded
signal and route them to the external speaker outputs. This kind of application may be used in an
environment where PCM audio is always associated with stereo signals and Dolby encoding is
used for 5.1 emission.

2.19 Auxiliary Input Mixer

The Auxiliary Input Mixer (AIM) is intended for use in environments where users of PAM1 wear
headphones during normal operation and need to listen to an additional audio input signal such as
Intercom (Talkback) mixed into their monitoring feed.

The Auxiliary Input Mixer provides the ability to select exclusively from either an Analogue or
AES audio input and to mix that audio signal into the PAM1 monitoring output buss. The resultant
signal can be heard through either headphone or the loudspeaker outputs. The selected auxiliary
input signal can be defined as either mono or stereo in order that an associated input signal (such
as a line level mono output from an Intercom Panel or Matrix) can be plugged into the left or
right leg of the selected input and heard through the left, right or stereo outputs of the PAM1.

Auxiliary Input Mixer can be accessed via the Setup 2 menu where 3 buttons allow the user to
select the desired input, define whether it is mono or stereo and adjust an input level trim. In order
that the input level can be quickly adjusted, the level trim control is duplicated on the Input menu
screen.

Auxiliary Input Mixer is a global feature whose parameters and settings are not saved as part of
a User Preset.

Aux Source: By using the encoder to select the Aux Source button, the user can scroll through
the inputs and select the required source to route to the Auxiliary Input Mixer. Analogue Stereo
Inputs 1 to 6 and AES pairs 1 to 8 are available for exclusive selection.

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Aux M/S: By using the encoder to select the Aux M/S button, the user can define whether the
selected input is to be mixed within AIM as a mono or stereo signal. For example: a mono line
level input from a local Intercom panel might be connected to the left channel XLR connector of
analogue input 1. In order that the operator can hear Intercom audio through both left and right
headphone earpieces he would select the input to be mono so that the left and silent right inputs
are summed together with equal signal sent to both left and right outputs.

Aux Level: The Aux Level control enables the user to trim the level of the selected Aux Input

between ‘Off’ and +12dB of gain with respect to the signal monitored by the main PAM1

monitoring function. The level adjustment is graduated in incremental steps as the user pushes
and rotates the encoder control.

Note: As the encoder is pushed and turned, the change in trim level cannot be heard until the
control is released.

Aux Level control is duplicated within the Input menu screen in order to provide the user with
rapid access to the trim control.

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2.20 System Upgrade, Default Restore and CAT552 Reset

PAM1 is designed to be field upgradeable. The user will need an SD memory card or USB stick, a
PC and a card reader (for SD only).

Format the memory card to FAT16 if used (or FAT as described in Windows XP). PAM1 operating
software and occasional Dolby CAT552 updates will be sent to you by TSL in the form of a ZIP
file or may be downloaded from the Product Support area at www.tslproducts.com. These files
must be extracted directly to the memory device in order to construct the correct file structure for
upload.

Once the upgrade file is saved, select the S/Ware function from the PAM1 Setup menu 2 and
view the current FP (front panel) and FPGA software versions.
Press Back to exit the S/Ware mode and insert the memory device.
Then re-enter S/Ware mode, a new menu option should have appeared at the bottom of the
screen. Highlight and select Perform Update.

During an update, the left hand LCD screen displays the progress of each stage of the installation
on a bargraph with a scale 0 to 100%. Front Panel (FP6), FPGA, PIC and Cat552 boards may all
be updated via the SD card procedure. Depending on the file size of the update, the procedure
may take up to 5 minutes to complete and may appear to have stopped – this is perfectly normal.

WARNING: Under no circumstances should power be interrupted during a software
update. In the unfortunate event that this has occurred, PAM1 may have to be returned to
TSL headquarters in the UK to have its operating system re-installed.

Once the update is complete, power PAM1 off and then re-apply power after 30 seconds to
complete the procedure.

Note: Menu button should be pressed (Menu and Hotkey 2 to set -20 dBFs as operational
default reference level) during a post update power cycle in order to clear the system
memories and buffers. Please note that this will restore system default conditions and
clear any customer programmed User Presets.

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The optional Dolby CAT552 module can be updated using a similar procedure that described for
the PAM1 operating system. From Setup 2 select Cat 552 to review and update the Dolby card
operating software. Features such as Dolby Digital Plus decoding may be added to the CAT552
module via the update procedure.

The Dolby CAT552 card may need to be reset in the event that it ‘locks’. Select the CAT552
option from the Setup 2 menu and then reset the card.

2.21 GPI Application

The rear panel GPI connector functionality can be used to Dim/Cut loudspeakers, to recall User
Presets and to control Loudness measurement features. The Setup 2 menu page includes a

button to access the GPI mode selector. The operator can choose to set the GPI connector to
operate in either ‘Latch’ or ‘Momentary’ modes as described in the following section.

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2.22 GPI Connectivity

The GPI operation is described pictorially by the pin out diagram shown below.

In Momentary Mode, Dim and Cut GPI's
latch in a toggle manner, i.e. one closure to
ground toggles the function ON: the next
ground toggles it OFF. In an ON state: the
GPI pin is driven low to allow an LED to be
fed from the port. This LED drive is briefly
pulsed high at about 100Hz to allow the port
to be read whilst it is driving.

The preset recall GPI’s in ‘Latching’ mode
are mutually exclusive.

! Note that the +5V power from this

connector is intended to drive a "1-of-N"
LED. If multiple LED’s are to be used
simultaneously, then a small external supply
will be needed. An internal resistor within the
PAM1 prevents the +5V rail from being
shorted but limits the current available.

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2.23 Hotkey and User Preset Memories

PAM1 features 5 Hotkey and 24 User Programmable Presets, for save and instant recall of
default and favourite settings.

Hotkeys 1-5 are accessed directly from the front panel of PAM1 and User Presets 1-24 can be
recalled and saved via the Shortcut Menu

2.23.1 Recalling User Presets

User Preset Save and Recall functions can only be accessed via the Shortcut Menu. Press

‘Shortcut’ and the recall and save buttons can be seen at the bottom of the screen as shown

below.

Pressing Preset Recall brings up the 24 User Presets in four pages of 6 presets per page. Each

preset is assigned the default user name in the form ‘U01: User 01’ to ‘U24: User 24’ however

each preset can be allocated a unique user name.

Recalling a preset instantly reconfigures the PAM1 to the settings previously stored.

Note: All User Preset defaults are set to SDI1 Group1 Pair1

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2.23.2 Saving User Presets Internally
The PAM1 enables the operator to save favourite configurations as user presets simply and

quickly. In any operational mode the user can save a user preset by accessing the User Save
button via the Shortcut Menu

The User Save menu automatically appears on the right hand screen.

Select the Clear button to delete the default or existing text and use the text fields to create a
preset or hotkey name to associate with the user setup.

Select the text fields and push / turn the encoder to select alphanumerics or symbols to create the
intended name. Once complete simply select sAVE and the setup will be saved to the associated
memory location

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2.23.3 Saving and Recalling Presets Externally
The PAM1 configuration files can be backed up to an external memory device such as an SD

card or USB drive. Both the front panel USB socket on PAM1 MK2 and rear panel SD card port
(both models) can be used for backup and load procedures as well as a means to update new
software releases.

In order for a storage device to be recognised by PAM1 it must contain a folder named in a
recognised format. The image below shows the default naming convention for a folder which can
be seen and used by PAM1. This folder can be created manually using the ‘Make a new folder’
function within a Windows OS or via an equivalent command when using other programs or
computer operating systems.

If a storage device is used to upgrade system software within PAM1 the folder structure will
automatically be created in the format shown above.

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2.23.4 SD Card / USB Save
PAM1 will recognise a storage device containing a folder with the name PAM1-3GM. If the device

is inserted into the USB or SD socket and the Setup Menu accessed then a button will be
displayed labelled SD or USB Save. Selecting this button will cause the current status of Hotkey
and User Presets 1 to 24 to be written to the device. If a preset backup already exists on the card
then a request for confirmation prompt will be displayed before the save procedure commences.

2.23.5 SD Card / USB Load
Once a set of Hotkey and User Presets has been stored onto a USB storage device that device

can be used to load the same presets onto other PAM1 units within the broadcast facility.
Operators can also maintain copies of their own favourite settings and engineers can save and
store backups of configurations to reload should a unit need to be reset during a software update
or for operational reasons.

The SD / USB Load button is adjacent to the SD / USB Save key within the Setup Menu of PAM1.
Selecting this function will automatically overwrite the User Presets on the device so please
ensure these are backed up on another storage device if required.

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CONN

PIN

FUNCTION

ANALOG 1

1

GND

ANALOG 1

2

1 IN+

ANALOG 1

3

1 IN-

ANALOG 2

1

GND

ANALOG 2

2

2 IN+

ANALOG 2

3

2 IN-

CONN

PIN

FUNCTION

AES1

1

GND

AES 1

2

1 IN+

AES 1

3

1 IN-

AES 2

1

GND

AES 2

2

2 IN+

AES 2

3

2 IN-

3.0 Connectivity and pin-out details
PAM1 uses industry standard connectivity wherever possible. The D25 connectivity used for

analogue and AES I/O adopts a pinning convention commonly used for Yamaha Commercial
Audio equipment and breakout cables are readily available at low cost from companies such as

www.cpc.farnell.com www.hosatech.com and many others.

For unbalanced AES I/O connectivity an optional BNC breakout cable, CAB-D25-BNC, is
available from TSL or your local reseller. When used in conjunction with PAM1, DIP switch 2
(AES Impedance) must be switched to the 75 ohm position. For more information please refer to
section 3.5 of this handbook.

3.1 Analogue XLR Connectors

3.2 AES XLR Connectors

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D 25 SOCKET

ON AMU

AUDIO OUT

PIN NO

FUNCTION

1

A8+ (7.1)

14

A8- (7.1)

2

Ground

15

A7+ (7.1)

3

A7- (7.1)

16

Ground

4

A6+ (RS)

17

A6- (RS)

5

Ground

18

A5+ (LS)

6

A5- (LS)

19

Ground

7

A4+ (LFE)

20

A4- (LFE)

8

Ground

21

A3+ (Centre)

9

A3- (Centre)

22

Ground

10

A2+ (FR)

23

A2- (FR)

11

Ground

24

A1+ (FL)

12

A1- (FL)

25

Ground

13

N/C

3.3 Analogue Output Connector – D25 Socket Pinout on unit, Plug (shown) on mating

cable.

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D 25 SOCKET

ON AMU

AUDIO IN

PIN NO

FUNCTION

1

A6R+

14

A6R+

2

Ground

15

A6L-

3

A6L-

16

Ground

4

A5R+

17

A5R-

5

Ground

18

A5L+

6

A5L-

19

Ground

7

A4R+

20

A4R-

8

Ground

21

A4L+

9

A4L-

22

Ground

10

A3R+

23

A3R-

11

Ground

24

A3L+

12

A3L-

25

Ground

13

N/C

3.4 Analogue Input Connector – D25 Socket Pinout on unit, Plug on mating cable.

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D 25 SOCKET

ON AMU

AES INPUTS/OUTPUTS

PIN NO

FUNCTION

1

Ch1&2 In 1+

14

Ch1&2 In 1-

2

Ch3&4 In 2+

15

Ch3&4 In 2-

3

Ch5&6 In 3+

16

Ch5&6 In 3-

4

Ch7&8 In 4+

17

Ch7&8 In 4-

5

Ch1&2 Out 1+

18

Ch1&2 Out 1-

6

Ch3&4 Out 2+

19

Ch3&4 Out 2-

7

Ch5&6 Out 3+

20

Ch5&6 Out 3-

8

Ch7&8 Out 4+

21

Ch7&8 Out 4-

9

N/C

22

Ground

10

Ground

23

Ground

11

N/C

24

Ground

12

Ground

25

Ground

13

Ground

3.5 AES Input/Output Connector 1-4 – D25 Socket Pinout, Plug (shown) on mating

cable.

AES connectors may be wired using unbalanced terminations for SPDIF and 75R coaxial
systems.

Optional AES breakout cable CAB-D25-BNC-2 is available from TSL Product Sales (+44
1628 676221) and provides BNC Socket to D25 connectivity.

Please note that when using PAM1 with unbalanced AES audio connections that the
75/110 ohm DIP Switch must be selected prior to use.

When using the D25 for unbalanced AES, AES XLR connectors 1 and 2 may not be used
for balanced AES connectivity.

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D9

CONTROL

1

0V 6 0V 2 RX-

7

RX+

3

TX+

8

TX- 4 0V 9 0V 5 N/C

SWITCH

FUNCTION

1

Video aspect ratio (16:9 Up/4:3 Dn)

2

AES Impedance (75R Up/110R Dn)

3

Internal speaker mute - Up

4

Analogue variable – Up

5

AES variable - Up

6

XLR fixed Out (when set)

7

Not Used

8

Composite Up/SDI Dn

D9

CONTROL

1

0V 6 0V 2 TX-

7

TX+

3

RX+

8

RX- 4 0V 9 0V 5 N/C

3.6 Remote Control Connector/ RS 422 - D9 Socket
This is wired for RS422 slave operation.

3.7 Metadata - D9 Socket
This is wired for RS422 master operation.

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3.8 DIP switch configuration functions

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4.0 Notes

There are no user adjustable assemblies/components within this unit.
This unit requires rear support when rack mounted.
In order to affect status changes of the unit using the rear DIP switch, the unit will require re

powering before the changes take effect.
Output analogue levels are adjustable over the following range:
0dBm = 0.775V into 600 i.e. 1mW power dissipation.
0dBu = 0.775V RMS = PPM 4.
Shipping condition, -18 dB ref 0FS = 0dBu output.
Typical European line up: -18 dBu
Typical American line: -20 dBu

4.1 General Notes
Please note that some American equipment has the function of the XLR pins 2 & 3 reversed.
TSL product is wired to the European standard
The screw locks on the D25 connectors use UNC 4-40 standard threads.

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5.0 PAM1 - MK2 Technical Specifications

Power Supply

Supply Voltage 12V DC
Power Consumption bc.

Physical Dimensions

Height 44mm (1RU)
Width 483mm (19”)
Depth 280mm
Weight 3100g

Analogue Inputs 1 – 2 ( Input 3-6 refer to section 3.4)

Connector Type XLR Female 3 pin. Pin 1 Gnd, Pin 2 hot, Pin 3 cold.
Signal Balanced line level audio.
Frequency Response 30Hz to 25kHz
Impedance >20k

Inputs AES 1&2

Connector Type XLR Female 3 pin. Pin 1 Gnd, Pin 2 hot, Pin 3 cold.
Standard AES3 (1994) at 48kHz, 44.1kHz or 32kHz
Impedance 110 ohm (balanced.)

Inputs AES 1 to 8 AES I/O, 25 way D type (See elsewhere for details)
Input, HD/SDV 1 &2

Connector Type BNC.
Standard 4:2:2 component with embedded 48Khz audio.
(SMPTE 259M, 292M and 424M)
Impedance 75ohm

Line Output.

Connector XLR 3 pin Male
Impedance 50
Output Levels Through level control with 0dB gain.

Fixed Line O/P Available on D25 (If selected on front panel)

Headphone Output.

Connector Stereo Jack socket type A
Impedance 50
Output Levels Through level control with 0dB gain.

De embedded output

Connector 25 way D type
Impedance 110 Ohm
Output Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4

Video Output
Connector BNC

Impedance 75 Ohm
Output Composite video or SDI (selectable)

Re-clocked Output
Connector BNC

Impedance 75 Ohm
Output Re-clocked serial output of the SELECTED input
HD/SDV

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AES Output
Connector AES I/O, 25 way D type (See elsewhere for details)

Impedance 110 Ohm
Output Selected SDI Group. decoded Dolby signal or AES I/P 1-

HD Standards Supported

1080i/50 1080p/23.98 1035i/30
1080i/59.94 1080p/24 1035i/29.94
1080i/60 1080p/25 1080sf/30
1080P/50 1080p/29.97 1080sf/29.97
1080P/59.94 1080p/30 1080sf/25
1080P/60 1080i/25 1080sf/24
720p/50 1080i/24.94 1080sf/23.98
720p/59.94 1080i/30
720p/60

480i/30.00 (SD - NTSC)

576i/25.00 (SD - PAL)

Performance

Response 70Hz to 20KHz
Electrical Distortion Better than 0.1%
Hum and noise Better than -80dB
SPL >98dB at 0.6 m
Amplifier Output 40 watts total power output
Digital Sample Rate 32 to 48KHz auto select

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6.0 Installed HDC-2T Audio Monitor Module Specification Overview

This specification describes the HDC-2T Audio Monitor Module.
This module has been designed to monitor a combination of analogue audio, AES3 digital audio
and AES or Dolby E digital audio embedded in SMPTE 259M or SMPTE 292M video data
streams, together with the video content which is output as composite and/or SDI. HD formats
are passed through a simple down-conversion process to the monitoring output.

Mechanical

PCB: 4 layer, 120mm x 376mm with integral BNC and XLR connectors
Component Height: <30mm above pcb surface, <2mm below
<65mm above pcb surface with Dolby E fitted

Power

The module assumes the supply of regulated power will be made available via the power input
connector. Poorly regulated or noisy supply rails may affect the quality of the analogue outputs.
The HDC-2T will accept two feeds of +12V to +24V DC power, approximately 60W typical when
using loudspeaker outputs. This allows dual redundant or external battery operation.

Inputs
HD/SDI

Connector Type: BNC
Receiver type: AC coupled, auto equalising with clock regeneration
Impedance: 75, return loss ≥15dB to 1.5GHz
Standards: SMPTE 259M-C with embedded 48kHz audio per SMPTE 272M-A
SMPTE 292M with embedded 48kHz audio per SMPTE 299M
Performance: ≥300m of high quality cable at 270Mbit (eg Belden 1694)
≥100m of high quality cable at 1.5Gbit

AES 3 or AES 3id

Connector type: Inputs 1 & 2, XLR 3 pin. (can be built for unbalanced BNC input)
Inputs 1, 2, 3 & 4. 25way D-type 4 stereo pairs, pin-out as per Yamaha
Impedance: 75 unbalanced or 110 balanced. Impedance is switch selected via
DIP Switch 2. To obtain an unbalanced connection one line of the input needs to be grounded at
an electrically convenient point.
Input Sensitivity: < 200mV p-p per AES3.
Standards: AES3-1992 at 96 kHz, 48kHz, 44.1kHz or 32kHz

Analogue Inputs

Connector type: 4 x XLR 3 pin, (Two stereo pairs)
Board header Further 4 stereo pairs (8 channels)

Remote control
Connector type: Header, 10way to connect to 9pin D-type (RS422)

Outputs
Video

Connector Type: BNC
Output 1 Equalised active loop-through
Impedance: 75
Amplitude: 800mV p-p ±10%

Output 2 Composite SD (Down-converted when input is HD)
Format: PAL or NTSC according to standard on SDI input
Impedance: 75
Amplitude: 1V p-p ±5%

Output 3 - Optional SDI version of image on composite output
Impedance: 75
Amplitude: 800mV p-p ±10%

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AES

Eight AES (16 channels) may be output from analogue audio, embedded audio or from decoded
Dolby E/D when the option is fitted

Connector type: 25way D-type 4 AES pairs (In and Out), pin-out as per Yamaha Standard
Impedance: 75 unbalanced or 110 balanced. Impedance is switch selected with
on-board transformer balancing. To obtain an unbalanced connection one line of the output
needs to be grounded at an electrically convenient point.
Amplitude: 1V into 75 or >2V into 110

Analogue Audio

Eight analogue channels (4 stereo pairs) that may be output from AES, embedded audio or from
decoded Dolby E/D when the option is fitted

Connector Type: XLR one pair fixed or variable
25 way D type 4 stereo pairs, pin-out as per Yamaha/Tascam
Format: Electronically balanced, centre ground.
D/A Conversion: 24 bit resolution.
THD+N: >80dB referred to 0dBFs

Loudspeakers

Connector Type: 0.156” board header
Format: Two active cross-over or 4 broad-band loudspeaker outputs
10 to 40W (4) per channel into depending on input power supply

GPI inputs
Connector type: Header to 9-way D-type plug

Control

Connector type: Header for current AMU-1 operator control board
Connector type: Header, serial bus for future operator control/display panels

PAM1 MK2 User Handbook Issue 1