TSI Instruments SIZER EEPS 3090, SIZER EEPS 3090AK Operation And Service Manual

ENGINE EXHAUST PARTICLE

SIZER™ (EEPS™) SPECTROMETER

MODEL 3090/3090AK

OPERATION AND SERVICE MANUAL

P/N 1980494, REVISION J

MARCH 2015

ENGINE EXHAUST PARTICLE

SIZER (EEPS) SPECTROMETER

MODEL 3090/3090AK

OPERATION AND SERVICE MANUAL

Product Overview

1

Unpacking and
Setting Up

2

Quick Start

3

Instrument
Operation

4

Software Operation

5

General Care,
Troubleshooting and
Service

6

Appendixes and

Index

Manual History

The following is a history of the Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust
Particle Sizer™ (EEPS™) Spectrometer Operation and Service Manual,
P/N 1980494.

Revision Date

A January 2004
B April 2004
C March 2005
D March 2006
E August 2006
F March 2009
G October 2010
H April 2011
J March 2015

ii

Part Number

1980494 / Revision J / March 2015

Copyright

©TSI Incorporated / 2004–2015 / All rights reserved

Address

TSI Incorporated / 500 Cardigan Road / Shoreview, MN 55126 / USA

Fax No.

[phone]

E-mail Address

[e-mail]

Limitation Of Warranty And Liability

(effective February 2014)

(For country-specific terms and conditions outside of the USA, please visit www.tsi.com.)
Seller warrants the goods, excluding software, sold hereunder, under normal use and service as

described in the operator's manual, to be free from defects in workmanship and material for
12 months, or if less, the length of time specified in the operator's manual, from the date of
shipment to the customer. This warranty period is inclusive of any statutory warranty. This limited
warranty is subject to the following exclusions and exceptions:

Warranty

a. Hot-wire or hot-film sensors used with research anemometers, and certain other components

when indicated in specifications, are warranted for 90 days from the date of shipment;
b. Pumps are warranted for hours of operation as set forth in product or operator’s manuals;
c. Parts repaired or replaced as a result of repair services are warranted to be free from defects in

workmanship and material, under normal use, for 90 days from the date of shipment;
d. Seller does not provide any warranty on finished goods manufactured by others or on any fuses,

batteries or other consumable materials. Only the original manufacturer's warranty applies;
e. This warranty does not cover calibration requirements, and seller warrants only that the

instrument or product is properly calibrated at the time of its manufacture. Instruments returned

for calibration are not covered by this warranty;
f. This warranty is VOID if the instrument is opened by anyone other than a factory authorized

service center with the one exception where requirements set forth in the manual allow an

operator to replace consumables or perform recommended cleaning;
g. This warranty is VOID if the product has been misused, neglected, subjected to accidental or

intentional damage, or is not properly installed, maintained, or cleaned according to the

requirements of the manual. Unless specifically authorized in a separate writing by Seller, Seller

makes no warranty with respect to, and shall have no liability in connection with, goods which

are incorporated into other products or equipment, or which are modified by any person other

than Seller.
The foregoing is IN LIEU OF all other warranties and is subject to the LIMITATIONS stated herein.

NO OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR

MERCHANTABILITY IS MADE. WITH RESPECT TO SELLER’S BREACH OF THE IMPLIED

WARRANTY AGAINST INFRINGEMENT, SAID WARRANTY IS LIMITED TO CLAIMS OF DIRECT
INFRINGEMENT AND EXCLUDES CLAIMS OF CONTRIBUTORY OR INDUCED

INFRINGEMENTS. BUYER’S EXCLUSIVE REMEDY SHALL BE THE RETURN OF THE
PURCHASE PRICE DISCOUNTED FOR REASONABLE WEAR AND TEAR OR AT SELLER’S

OPTION REPLACEMENT OF THE GOODS WITH NON-INFRINGING GOODS.
TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE USER OR BUYER,

AND THE LIMIT OF SELLER'S LIABILITY FOR ANY AND ALL LOSSES, INJURIES, OR DAMAGES
CONCERNING THE GOODS (INCLUDING CLAIMS BASED ON CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE,
TORT, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE) SHALL BE THE RETURN OF GOODS TO SELLER
AND THE REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE, OR, AT THE OPTION OF SELLER, THE REPAIR
OR REPLACEMENT OF THE GOODS. IN THE CASE OF SOFTWARE, SELLER WILL REPAIR OR
REPLACE DEFECTIVE SOFTWARE OR IF UNABLE TO DO SO, WILL REFUND THE PURCHASE
PRICE OF THE SOFTWARE. IN NO EVENT SHALL SELLER BE LIABLE FOR LOST PROFITS,
BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL
DAMAGES. SELLER SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR INSTALLATION, DISMANTLING OR
REINSTALLATION COSTS OR CHARGES. No Action, regardless of form, may be brought against
Seller more than 12 months after a cause of action has accrued. The goods returned under warranty
to Seller's factory shall be at Buyer's risk of loss, and will be returned, if at all, at Seller's risk of loss.

iii

Service Policy

Knowing that inoperative or defective instruments are as detrimental to TSI as they are to our
customers, our service policy is designed to give prompt attention to any problems. If any malfunction is
discovered, please contact your nearest sales office or representative, or call TSI Customer Service at
1-800-874-2811 (USA) or 651-490-2811.

Software License

(effective March 1999)

This is a legal agreement between you, the end user, and TSI Incorporated. BY INSTALLING THE
SOFTWARE, YOU ARE AGREEING TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT. IF
YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, PROMPTLY RETURN THE
UNOPENED PACKAGE AND THE ACCOMPANYING ITEMS (including written materials and
binders or other containers) to TSI for a full refund.

1. GRANT OF LICENSE. TSI grants to you the right to use one copy of the enclosed TSI software
program (the “SOFTWARE”), on a single computer. You may not network the SOFTWARE or
otherwise use it on more than one computer or computer terminal at the same time.

2. COPYRIGHT. The SOFTWARE is owned by TSI and is protected by United States copyright
laws and international treaty provisions. Therefore, you must treat the SOFTWARE like any other
copyrighted material (e.g., a book or musical recording) except that you may either (a) make one
copy of the SOFTWARE solely for backup or archival purposes, or (b) transfer the SOFTWARE to
a single hard disk provided you keep the original solely for backup or archival purposes.

3. OTHER RESTRICTIONS. You may not rent or lease the SOFTWARE, but you may transfer the
SOFTWARE and accompanying written material on a permanent basis, provided you retain no
copies and the recipient agrees to the terms of this Agreement. You may not reverse-engineer,
decompile, or disassemble the SOFTWARE.

4. DUAL MEDIA SOFTWARE. If the SOFTWARE package contains multiple types of media, then
you may use only the media appropriate for your single-user computer. You may not use the other
media on another computer or loan, rent, lease, or transfer them to another user except as part of
the permanent transfer (as provided above) of all SOFTWARE and written material.

5. U.S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS. The SOFTWARE and documentation are
provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is

subject to the restrictions set forth in the “Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software”

Clause at 252.227-7013 and the “Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights” clause at

52.227-19.

6. LIMITED WARRANTY. TSI warrants that the SOFTWARE will perform substantially in
accordance with the accompanying written materials for a period of ninety (90) days from the date
of receipt.

7. CUSTOMER REMEDIES. TSI’s entire liability and your exclusive remedy shall be, at TSI’s
option, either (a) return of the price paid or (b) repair or replacement of the SOFTWARE that does
not meet this Limited Warranty and which is returned to TSI with proof of payment. This Limited
Warranty is void if failure of the SOFTWARE has resulted from accident, abuse, or misapplication.
Any replacement SOFTWARE will be warranted for the remainder of the original warranty period
or thirty (30) days, whichever is longer.

8. NO OTHER WARRANTIES. TSI disclaims all other warranties, either express or implied,
including, but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose, with regard to the SOFTWARE and the accompanying written materials.

9. NO LIABILTY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. In no event shall TSI be liable for any
damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, special, incidental, consequential or indirect
damages for personal injury, loss of business profits, business interruption, loss of information or
any other pecuniary loss) arising out of the use of, or inability to use, this SOFTWARE.

Trademarks

Microsoft and Excel are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Windows and Access are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Swagelok is a registered trademark of Swagelok® Companies, Solon, Ohio.
Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer, EEPS, Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer, and SMPS are trademarks
of TSI Incorporated.

TSI Patent

US Patent Number 7,230,431.

Buyer and all users are deemed to have accepted this LIMITATION OF WARRANTY AND
LIABILITY, which contains the complete and exclusive limited warranty of Seller. This LIMITATION
OF WARRANTY AND LIABILITY may not be amended, modified or its terms waived, except by
writing signed by an Officer of Seller.

iv Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

C a u t i o n

Caution means be careful. It means if you do not follow the procedures

prescribed in this manual you may do something that might result in
equipment damage, or you might have to take something apart and start
over again. It also indicates that important information about the operation
and maintenance of this instrument is included.

W A R N I N G

Warning means that unsafe use of the instrument could result in serious

injury to you or cause irrevocable damage to the instrument. Follow the
procedures prescribed in this manual to use the instrument safely.

Safety

This section gives instructions to promote safe and proper operation of the
Model 3090 Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer™ (EEPS™) Spectrometer.
Samples of warnings and information on labels attached to the instrument
chassis are also presented.

Description of Caution S y mbol

The following symbol and an appropriate caution statement are used
throughout the manual and on the EEPS spectrometer to draw attention to
any steps that require you to take cautionary measures when working with
the Model 3090:

Caution

Warning

v

Warns you that uninsulated voltage within the instrument
may have sufficient magnitude to cause electric shock.
Therefore, it is dangerous to make any contact with any part
inside the instrument.

Warns you that the instrument is susceptible to electro-static
dissipation (ESD) and ESD protection procedures should be
followed to avoid damage.

Indicates the connector is connected to earth ground and
cabinet ground.

W A R N I N G

High voltage is accessible in several locations within these instruments.
Make sure you unplug the power source before removing the cover or
performing maintenance procedures.

1 Serial Number Label (back of cabinet)

Caution or Warning Symbols

The following symbols may accompany cautions and warnings to indicate
the nature and consequences of hazards:

Electrical Safety

Labels

The EEPS spectrometer has high-voltage points within its cabinet. Only a
qualified technician should perform service or maintenance.

The EEPS spectrometer has labels on the back of the instrument and on
interior components. Labels are described below:

vi Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

2 Caution, No Serviceable Parts Label

(back of cabinet)

3 Customer Service Label (back of

cabinet)

4 High-Voltage Symbol Label (interior,

on power entry module)

5 Ground Symbol Label (interior,

bottom, next to ground stud)

Safety vii

Lifting Caution

The EEPS spectrometer weighs 32 kg (70 lbs). To protect your back
when lifting:

 Get help from another person to move the instrument. The

 Transport the instrument on a cart whenever possible.
 Lift with your legs while keeping your back straight.
 Keep the instrument close to your body as you lift.

instrument is equipped with handles to allow for two people to safely
lift it.

viii Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Contents

Manual History ............................................................................................ ii

Warranty ..................................................................................................... iii

Safety ........................................................................................................... v

Description of Caution Symbol .............................................................. v

Caution ................................................................................................ v

Warning ............................................................................................... v

Caution or Warning Symbols ............................................................. vi

Electrical Safety .................................................................................... vi

Labels .................................................................................................... vi

Lifting Caution ...................................................................................... viii

About This Manual ................................................................................. xvii

Purpose ............................................................................................... xvii

Related Product Literature .................................................................. xvii

Submitting Comments ......................................................................... xvii

CHAPTER 1 Product Overview .............................................................. 1-1

Product Description ............................................................................. 1-1

Applications ......................................................................................... 1-2

Instrument Description ........................................................................ 1-3

Front Panel ...................................................................................... 1-3

LCD Display ..................................................................................... 1-3

Control Knob .................................................................................... 1-3

Back Panel .......................................................................................... 1-4

Heat Exchanger Fan ........................................................................ 1-4

Aerosol Inlet/Cyclone ....................................................................... 1-5

Aerosol Outlet .................................................................................. 1-5

AC Connector and Switch ................................................................ 1-5

RS-232 Serial Connection ............................................................... 1-5

Analog and Trigger Input/Output ..................................................... 1-6

Analog Voltage Out Channels 1–4 .................................................. 1-7

System Diagram and Operational Overview ...................................... 1-7

CHAPTER 2 Unpacking and Setting Up ................................................ 2-1

Packing List ......................................................................................... 2-1

Unpacking ........................................................................................... 2-2

Setting Up the Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Spectrometer .............. 2-4

Instrument Placement ...................................................................... 2-4

Installing the Cyclone ....................................................................... 2-4

Connecting Power ........................................................................... 2-5

Connecting the Computer ................................................................ 2-5

Installing the Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Software ..................... 2-6

ix

CHAPTER 3 Quick Start .......................................................................... 3-1

How To Perform a Sample Run .......................................................... 3-2

Step 1—Open a New File ................................................................ 3-3

Step 2—Start the Run ..................................................................... 3-4

Communications Errors ................................................................... 3-5

Run Properties ................................................................................. 3-5

Viewing Data ....................................................................................... 3-8

CHAPTER 4 LCD Display Operation ..................................................... 4-1

LCD Display Items .............................................................................. 4-1

Status Bar ........................................................................................ 4-2

Menu Options .................................................................................. 4-2

Concentration Display ..................................................................... 4-4

Particle Data Graph ......................................................................... 4-4

CHAPTER 5 Software Operation ........................................................... 5-1

Start the Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Program ............................... 5-2

Open an Existing File .......................................................................... 5-3

Selecting a Particle Histogram to Display .......................................... 5-4

Maximum Concentration .................................................................. 5-5

Minimum Concentration ................................................................... 5-6

Change How Data is Viewed .............................................................. 5-6

Changing the Time Resolution ........................................................ 5-7

Changing the Concentration Scale .................................................. 5-7

Changing the Weighting in the 2D Histogram ................................. 5-9

Changing the Display Units ............................................................. 5-9

Using an Alternative Inversion Matrix ............................................... 5-10

Matrix File Format .......................................................................... 5-11

Playback (Review) a Sample Run .................................................... 5-11

Select a Data Hot Spot ..................................................................... 5-12

Delete Data ....................................................................................... 5-13

Zoom In and Out on Data in a Graph ............................................... 5-13

Print Information Displayed on the Desktop ..................................... 5-14

Export Data to a File ......................................................................... 5-15

To Manually Export Data ............................................................... 5-15

To Automatically Export Data ........................................................ 5-18

Arrange Open Windows/Change Layout .......................................... 5-19

Quit the Program .............................................................................. 5-19

Software Menus ................................................................................ 5-19

Desktop Menus ................................................................................. 5-20

File Menu ....................................................................................... 5-20

Run Menu ...................................................................................... 5-23

Playback Menu .............................................................................. 5-24

Format Menu ................................................................................. 5-24

View Menu ..................................................................................... 5-29

Window Menu ................................................................................ 5-40

Help Menu ..................................................................................... 5-41

Context-Sensitive Menus .................................................................. 5-41

Run View Popup Menu .................................................................. 5-41

Particle Table Popup Menu ........................................................... 5-43

x Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Concentration Histogram and Total Concentration

Popup Menus ............................................................................. 5-44

3D Particle Concentration Popup Menu ........................................ 5-47

Status Bar Icons ................................................................................ 5-47

Shortcut Keys .................................................................................... 5-48

CHAPTER 6 General Care, Troubleshooting and Service ................... 6-1

Basic Care of the Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Spectrometer ......... 6-1

Cleaning the Cyclone .......................................................................... 6-2

Cleaning and Replacing Charger Needles ......................................... 6-3

Cleaning the Negative Charger Needle ........................................... 6-3

Cleaning or Replacing the Positive Charger Needle ....................... 6-9

Cleaning the Charger Column .......................................................... 6-10

Basic Charger Column Cleaning Procedure ................................. 6-11

Detailed Charger Column Cleaning Procedure ............................. 6-14

Replacing the Filter Cartridges ......................................................... 6-21

Manifold Filters ............................................................................... 6-21

Pump Filters ................................................................................... 6-22

Replace the Extraction Pump ........................................................... 6-23

Troubleshooting ................................................................................ 6-24

Baseline Noise ............................................................................... 6-24

Noisy Channels .............................................................................. 6-26

Errors ............................................................................................. 6-29

Technical Contacts ........................................................................... 6-33

Returning the Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Spectrometer

for Service ...................................................................................... 6-34

APPENDIX A Specifications .................................................................. A-1

APPENDIX B Theory of Operation ........................................................ B-1

Electrical Mobility History ................................................................... B-1

Size Distributions ............................................................................... B-2

Charger ........................................................................................... B-3

Measurement Column .................................................................... B-3

Flow Path ........................................................................................ B-4

Data Inversion ................................................................................. B-4

Concentration Limits ....................................................................... B-4

Selected References .......................................................................... B-6

APPENDIX C Particle Size Statistics .................................................... C-1

APPENDIX D Serial Commands ............................................................ D-1

Pin Connectors .................................................................................. D-1

Serial Protocol .................................................................................... D-2

Serial Commands .............................................................................. D-2

Command Summary .......................................................................... D-5

READ Commands .......................................................................... D-5

SET Commands .............................................................................. D-6

HELP Commands ........................................................................... D-6

Detailed Command Description ......................................................... D-7

READ Commands .......................................................................... D-7

SET Commands ............................................................................ D-12

Contents xi

APPENDIX E Analog Output ................................................................. E-1

How Calculations are Made ............................................................... E-2

Specifications ..................................................................................... E-4

APPENDIX F AK-Protocol ....................................................................... F-1

Introduction ......................................................................................... F-1

Interface Specifications ................................................................... F-1

Protocol Specifications .................................................................... F-2

AK Command Overview ..................................................................... F-4

Control Commands – (S) ................................................................. F-4

Write Commands – (E) .................................................................... F-4

Read Commands – (A) .................................................................... F-4

Command Details ............................................................................... F-5

Control Commands .......................................................................... F-5

Write Commands ............................................................................. F-5

Read Commands ............................................................................. F-6

Particle Size Bin Numbers ................................................................ F-12

Index

Reader’s Comments

Figures

1-1 Model 3090 Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Spectrometer .................. 1-1

1-2 View of the EEPS Spectrometer LCD Display .................................... 1-3

1-3 Back Panel of the EEPS Spectrometer .............................................. 1-4

1-4 Detail of EEPS Spectrometer Back Panel .......................................... 1-5

1-5 Schematic Diagram of the Model 3090 EEPS Spectrometer ............. 1-7

2-1 Removing the Shipping Strap ............................................................. 2-3

2-2 Cyclone Assembly .............................................................................. 2-5

3-1 EEPS Warm-up Display Screen ......................................................... 3-1

3-2 The Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Desktop ....................................... 3-2

3-3 Open a New File ................................................................................. 3-3

3-4 Properties Dialog Box ......................................................................... 3-4

3-5 Communications Error Dialog Box ...................................................... 3-5

3-6 Sample Data ....................................................................................... 3-9

3-7 Popup Menu for the Histogram Window ........................................... 3-10

4-1 LCD Display Regions .......................................................................... 4-1

5-1 Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Desktop .............................................. 5-2

5-2 Selecting a Time Window ................................................................... 5-4

5-3 Histogram Showing Clipping Due to Exceeding Maximum

Concentration .................................................................................. 5-5

5-4 Concentration Histogram Showing Minimum Concentration .............. 5-6

5-5 Concentration Dialog Box ................................................................... 5-7

xii Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

5-6 Popup Menu for the Concentration Histogram Window ...................... 5-9

5-7 Playback Setup Dialog Box ............................................................... 5-11

5-8 Use the Mouse to Directly View Data Values ................................... 5-13

5-9 Print Preview ..................................................................................... 5-14

5-10 Export Data Options Dialog Box ..................................................... 5-15

5-11 Sample Export File .......................................................................... 5-18

5-12 File Menu ......................................................................................... 5-20

5-13 Run Menu ........................................................................................ 5-23

5-14 Playback Menu ................................................................................ 5-24

5-15 Format Menu ................................................................................... 5-24

5-16 Concentration Scale Dialog Box ..................................................... 5-25

5-17 (A) The Graph Color Dialog Box, (B) The Table Color

Dialog Box ..................................................................................... 5-26

5-18 The Color Dialog Box for the 3D Graph .......................................... 5-27

5-19 Font Dialog Box ............................................................................... 5-28

5-20 View Menu ....................................................................................... 5-29

5-21 3D Graph View ................................................................................ 5-29

5-22 Particle Table Window .................................................................... 5-30

5-23 Particle Histogram Window ............................................................. 5-30

5-24 Total Concentration Window ........................................................... 5-31

5-25 Instrument Status ............................................................................ 5-32

5-26 Electrometer Offsets and RMS Screen ........................................... 5-34

5-27 Zero Electrometer Function Dialog Box .......................................... 5-35

5-28 Zero Electrometers Progress Dialog Box ........................................ 5-35

5-29 Zero Electrometers Zeroing Complete ............................................ 5-36

5-30 Instrument Status Expanded ........................................................... 5-36

5-31 Analog Out Setup ............................................................................ 5-38

5-32 Window Menu.................................................................................. 5-40

5-33 Help Menu ....................................................................................... 5-41

5-34 Run View Popup Menu ................................................................... 5-41

5-35 Set Y Scale for Analog Graph Dialog Box ...................................... 5-42

5-36 Enter Analog Input Labels Dialog Box ............................................ 5-43

5-37 Particle Table Popup Menu ............................................................. 5-43

5-38 Concentration Histogram (A) and Total Concentration

(B) Popup Menus ........................................................................... 5-44

5-39 Weight Menu ................................................................................... 5-45

5-40 3D Particle Concentration Popup Menu .......................................... 5-47

6-1 Remove Top Panel ............................................................................. 6-4

6-2 Disconnect Sample Inlet Tube ............................................................ 6-4

6-3 Remove the Screws of the Negative Charger Assembly .................... 6-5

6-4 Lift off the Negative Charger Head ..................................................... 6-5

6-5 Remove the Honeycomb for Reassembly .......................................... 6-6

6-6 The Charger Needle ............................................................................ 6-7

6-7 Hold the Flange with Tweezers ........................................................... 6-8

6-8 Disconnect the Charger Sheath Flow Tubing ..................................... 6-9

6-9 Remove the Screws of the Positive Charger Assembly ................... 6-10

6-10 Unscrew Charger Head Assembly Screws ..................................... 6-11

Contents xiii

6-11 Unclip the Wiring Harness Retainer................................................ 6-12

6-12 Cleaning Tool .................................................................................. 6-12

6-13 Cleaning the Charger Column ........................................................ 6-13

6-14 Remove the Charger Sheath Flow Tube from the

Charger Column ............................................................................ 6-14

6-15 Remove the Column Retaining Screws .......................................... 6-15

6-16 Disconnect the Electrometer Ribbon Connector ............................ 6-15

6-17 Disconnect the Sheath Air Hose ..................................................... 6-16

6-18 Disconnect the Pressure Transducer Tube at the Column ............ 6-16

6-19 Column Assembly Base Screws ..................................................... 6-17

6-20 Move the Outer Column Assembly to a Clean Work Surface ........ 6-18

6-21 Clean the Center Column ............................................................... 6-19

6-22 Clean the Rings of the Electrometer Assembly .............................. 6-20

6-23 Replacing Filters ............................................................................. 6-22

6-24 Extraction Pump Location (inside back panel) ............................... 6-23

6-25 Instrument Status Dialog Box ......................................................... 6-24

6-26 Electrometer Offset Values ............................................................. 6-26

6-27 Advanced Run Settings .................................................................. 6-27

6-28 Changing Data Export Modes Dialog Box ...................................... 6-28

6-29 Software Showing Raw Electrometer Noisy Channel..................... 6-28

6-30 Raw Electrometer Data After Cleaning ........................................... 6-29

Tables

6-31 Instrument Errors Detected Dialog Box .......................................... 6-29

6-32 Installing the Shipping Strap ........................................................... 6-35

B-1 Schematic of a Differential Mobility Analyzer .................................... B-1

B-2 Schematic of EEPS Measurement Column ....................................... B-3

B-3 Flow Schematic of the EEPS Spectrometer ...................................... B-5

B-4 Graph of Concentration Limits ........................................................... B-6

E-1 Analog Out Screen ............................................................................ E-2

F-1 9-pin D-sub Connector........................................................................ F-1

1-1 Analog and Trigger Input/Output ...................................................... 1-6

2-1 Components of the EEPS System .................................................... 2-1

4-1 User Settings .................................................................................... 4-2

4-2 Diagnostics Information .................................................................... 4-3

5-1 Export Data Options ........................................................................ 5-16

5-2 Options/Parameters of the Concentration Scale

Dialog Box ..................................................................................... 5-25

5-3 Instrument Status Parameters ........................................................ 5-33

5-4 Weight Options ............................................................................... 5-45

xiv Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

6-1 Maintenance Schedule ...................................................................... 6-2

6-2 Non-Fatal Error Flags ...................................................................... 6-30

6-3 Fatal Error Flags.............................................................................. 6-32

D-1 Signal Connections for RS-232 Configurations ............................... D-1

Contents xv

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xvi Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

About This Manual

Purpose

This is an operation and service manual for the Model 3090/3090AK
Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer™ (EEPS™) Spectrometer.

Related Product Lite rature

The following TSI product manual may be of interest. Copies of these may
be viewed on the TSI website, www.tsi.com.

 Model 3936 SMPS

Manual (part number 1933796) TSI Incorporated

Submitting Comments

TSI values your comments and suggestions on this manual. Please use
the comment sheet on the last page of this manual to send us your opinion

on the manual’s usability, to suggest specific improvements, or to report

any technical errors.

If the comment sheet has already been used, please mail, fax or email
your comments on another sheet of paper to:

TSI Incorporated
500 Cardigan Road
Shoreview, MN 55126
USA

Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]

TM

Scanning Mobility Particle SizerTM Instruction

xvii

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xviii Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

The Model 3090
(Figure 1-1) is a high­performance instrument
designed specifically
for measuring particles
emitted from internal
combustion engines
and vehicles. It
measures particle size
from 5.6 to
560 nanometers with a
sizing resolution of
16 channels per
decade (a total of 32
channels). Its unique
design includes
revolutionary features
that allow fast
distribution
measurements.

Figure 1-1

Model 3090 Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer
Spectrometer

C H A P T E R 1

Product Overview

This chapter contains an introduction to the Model 3090 Engine Exhaust
Particle Sizer™ (EEPS™) Spectrometer (U.S. patent No. 7,230,431) and
provides a brief explanation of how the system operates.

Product Description

1-1

Applications

The Model 3090 Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer spectrometer is ideal for
analysis of a wide range of engine exhaust situations.

Engine tailpipe measurements

 Engine Dynamometer test cells
 Chassis Dynamometer test cells
 Old diesel engines with high emissions
 New generation diesels with active controls
 Measurements upstream and downstream of Diesel Particulate Filters

or Particle Traps

 Spark Emission engine emissions—GDI Engines

Mobile Measurements

(Limited to 90 minute tests—not continuous monitoring.)

 Mobile test laboratories
 Electric vehicle measurement platforms
 Roadside measurements (in trailer or enclosure) to evaluate the effect

of individual vehicles passing monitoring location

1-2 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Instrument Description

Use the following information to familiarize yourself with the location and
function of controls, indicators, and connectors on your Model 3090 Engine
Exhaust Particle Sizer Spectrometer.

Front Panel

The main components of the front panel are the color LCD display and the
control knob shown in Figure 1-2.

Figure 1-2
View of the EEPS Spectrometer LCD Display

LCD Display

The color 640  480 pixel LCD display provides continuous real-time
display of sample data and is used in conjunction with the control knob to
display options and instrument parameters. Refer to Chapter 4 for details
of how to make selections and change values on the menu.

Instrument status is displayed at the top of the LCD display to indicate that
required instrument voltages and flows have stabilized and the instrument
is ready to use. Error status is also provided.

Control Knob

Turning the control knob highlights an item on the LCD display. Pressing
the knob inward selects the option. To spin the knob quickly, place your
finger in the indent on the knob surface.

Product Overview 1-3

Back Panel

Fan Guard/Filter

Inlet/Cyclone

Outlet

Location for SN

and service labels
AC Connector and

Switch

RS-232 Serial Port

Analog & Trigger

Input/Output

As shown in Figure 1-3, the back panel of the Model 3090 has power and
data connections, an analog and trigger input/output connection, an
aerosol inlet, outlet, and a cooling fan.

Figure 1-3

Back Panel of the EEPS Spectrometer

Heat Exchanger Fan

This fan keeps the sheath air temperature stable, near the ambient air
temperature. It is provided with a guard and removable filter that should be
cleaned periodically.

1-4 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Analog In CH1

and CH2

Trigger In and Out

Analog Voltage

Out Channels 1–4

Aerosol Inlet/Cyclone

The aerosol inlet is designed for use with the supplied Cyclone
(Model 1031083). The cyclone removes large particles outside the
instrument measurement range that can cause counting errors. For remote
sampling, tubing may be attached to the cyclone inlet. The cyclone is
attached to the aerosol inlet using a Swagelok®-type union connector,
which is supplied.

Aerosol Outlet

Sampled aerosol flow is filtered and exhausted at this port.

AC Connector and Switch

Plug the supplied AC cable into this receptacle. The instrument power
switch is integrated into this AC connector at the top of the receptacle.

RS-232 Serial Connection

The data connection for the EEPS spectrometer is a standard RS-232
serial port connection that allows communications between the system
computer and the Model 3090 for control by the EEPS software
(Figure 1-4). Serial commands are sent to and from the computer to collect
instrument status information and provide control functions.

Appendix D provides information that may be useful for developing custom

software. The appendix provides a description of the basic serial data
communication commands. (In some cases serial commands may be used
for troubleshooting.) Appendix F provides information for communication
via AK-Protocol (only available for the Model 3090 AK).

®

Swagelok is a registered trademark of Swagelok® Companies, Solon, Ohio.

Figure 1-4

Detail of EEPS Spectrometer Back Panel

Product Overview 1-5

Connection

Description

Trigger In

A trigger input here will start a run if the run has already been
initiated in software and Enable External Trigger is checked
in the Properties dialog box.

A trigger input consists of bringing the + input to a logic low,
which can be done two ways. A potential-free contact closure
can connect the + input to the – input which is at GND.
Otherwise, a logic circuit can drive the + input low, provided
the circuit’s ground is connected to the – input. Logic
thresholds are <0.5V for logic low and >2.5V for logic high.

Caution

The trigger + input should not exceed +12V or -8V with
respect to the – input.

Trigger Out

A potential-free contact closes to connect the 2 outputs when
a run starts, and opens when the run stops.

Analog Out
CH1 to CH4

Four channels of 0–5 V or 0–10 V analog voltage output,
14-bit resolution. Updated each second (1 HZ). Channels are
software configurable to represent concentration data. See
paragraph below for details.

Analog In
CH1 and CH2

0-10V analog voltage input, 12-bit resolution, sampled at 1 Hz
(this input is displayed as a voltage at the bottom of the run
view).

Caution

The analog + input should not exceed +17V or

-4V with respect to the – input. Exceeding these values may
damage the electronics.

Analog and Trigger Input/Output

The Analog and Trigger Input/Output connection is provided to allow the
use of various triggers to synchronize the EEPS spectrometer data with
another instrument or analog signal. These connections are fully
electrically isolated from the rest of the instrument up to 500 volts. Details
of the functions of each connection are listed in the table below:

Table 1-1
Analog and Trigger Input/Output

1-6 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

A schematic of the
EEPS spectrometer is
shown in Figure 1-5.

Particles enter the
instrument as part of
the aerosol inlet flow
through a cyclone with
a 1 µm cut. This
removes large particles
that are above the
instrument's size
range. Next, the
particles pass through
an electrical diffusion
charger in which ions
are generated. These
mix with the particles
and electrically charge
them to provide a
predictable charge
level based on particle
size. The charger is
mounted inline with the
analyzer column and
located at the top of
the instrument.

Figure 1-5

Schematic Diagram of the Model 3090 EEPS
Spectrometer

Analog Voltage Out Channels 1–4

In addition to RS-232 serial communications for data transfer, particle
concentration can be output by the EEPS spectrometer as analog
voltages, to be readily integrated with other instruments on common
laboratory data acquisition platforms requiring analog inputs. The EEPS
spectrometer provides four independently configurable analog channels for
this purpose. The four channels give the user the flexibility to select
different particle size ranges and different concentration weightings (e.g.,
number, surface, mass) for conversion to a proportional voltage value.

Full scale analog voltage settings are available as 0–5 or 0–10 volts.
Entering parameters for the Analog Out feature are described in Chapter 5,

Software Operation.

A further discussion of the application of the analog feature is described in

Appendix E.

System Diagram and Oper a tional Overview

Product Overview 1-7

Particles then enter the sizing region through an annular gap, where they
meet a stream of particle free sheath air. The sizing region is formed by the
space between two concentric cylinders. The outer cylinder is built from a
stack of sensing electrode rings that are electrically insulated from each
other. The electrodes are connected to a very sensitive charge amplifier,
also called an electrometer, with an input near ground potential.

The inner cylinder is connected to a positive high voltage supply, which
forms the high voltage electrode. This creates an electric field between the
two cylinders. While the positive charged particles stream with the sheath
air from the top to the bottom of the sizing region, they are also repelled
from the high voltage electrode and travel towards the sensing electrodes.

Particles, which land on the sensing electrodes transfer their charge. The
generated current is amplified by the electrometers, digitized, and read by
a microcontroller. The data are processed in real time to obtain 10 particle
size distributions per second. The entire system is automated and data
analysis is performed using a computer system with customized EEPS
software. The software collects and stores sample data. Data is displayed
in graphs and tables and can be exported to other applications.

For information on the theory of instrument operation, refer to Appendix B.

1-8 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Packing List

Qty

Part Number

Description

1

962002

Computer RS-232 Serial Cable

1

1031083

Cyclone, 10 L/min, 1µm cut

1

1031252

Inlet Filter

1

1102125

USB to Serial Cable Adapter

1

1601501

Union Elbow Fitting 3/8-inch

2

1602051

HEPA Capsule Filter (spare)

1

1602071

Filter Media for Fan Guard (spare)

2

1602230

Filter, Balston DFU-BX (spare)

1

1980494

Operation and Service Manual, Model 3090 Engine
Exhaust Particle Sizer Spectrometer

1

2900009

Assembly Cleaning Tool

1

3305070

Hex driver Set .050-3/8-inch, 13-piece

1

3900135

Model 3090 EEPS Software

1

2900008

Charger Needle Assemblies (Pack of 2, spare)

20

12  15 in. (30  38 cm) cleaning cloths*

C H A P T E R 2

Unpacking and
Setting Up

Use the information in this chapter to unpack your Model 3090 Engine
Exhaust Particle Sizer™ (EEPS™) Spectrometer and set it up.

Table 2-1 lists the components shipped with the EEPS spectrometer.

Table 2-1

Components of the EEPS System

*

Available directly from Kimberly-Clark as Kimtech Prep Scottpure® Wipers, Product Code: 06121, www.kcprofessional.com

2-1

Unpacking

C a u t i o n

The EEPS spectrometer is a heavy instrument weighing 70 pounds
(32 kg). Protect your back when lifting:

 Get help from another person to move the instrument
 Transport the instrument on a cart whenever possible
 Lift with your legs while keeping your back straight
 Keep the instrument close to your body as you lift

The Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer spectrometer comes assembled with
protective coverings on the inlets and electrical connections. To prevent
contamination, do not remove the protective covers until you are ready to
use the instrument. In addition, the measurement column is shipped with a
ratcheting tie-down strap to hold the column in place on its shock­absorbing mounts. For best measurement results, the strap should be
removed for measurements.

Refer to Figure 2-1 and follow the steps below to remove the shipping
strap.

1. Make sure the instrument is unplugged from power. Loosen the two

screws on each side of the top panel (Note: They should not have to
be removed).

2. Squeeze the release mechanism as shown to allow the ratchet lever to

be moved up.

3. While holding the release mechanism, swing the release lever through

180 degrees until it clicks and releases tension on the strap. While still
holding the lever in release mode, pull the assembly away from the
panel until all the strap has been removed.

4. Pull the strap up from the bottom of the cabinet to pull the strap out of

the cabinet. Retighten the four screws that you loosened in step 1.

When shipping the instrument, the strap should be placed back on the
column again. Take care to pad the ratchet mechanism with cardboard that
is taped to the side panel to prevent damage to the painted panel. Save the
shipping strap and ratchet in the accessory kit for future shipping needs.
Save the original packaging materials for future use should the instrument
need to be returned to TSI for service. See Chapter 6, “Returning the

Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Spectrometer for Service”.

2-2 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

1 2 3

4

Figure 2-1

Removing the Shipping Strap

If anything is missing or appears to be damaged, contact your TSI
representative, or contact TSI Customer Service at 1-800-874-2811 (USA)
or 001-[phone]. Chapter 6 includes instructions on returning the
EEPS spectrometer to TSI Incorporated.

Unpacking and Setting Up 2-3

C a u t i o n

Be certain that the Cyclone is installed on the Aerosol Inlet in the
orientation shown in Figure 2-1 prior to making particle size
measurements. Make sure that the cyclone is cleaned regularly and that
it is removed and cleaned before shipping.

Setting Up the E ngine Exhaust Pa r ticle
Sizer Spectrometer

The following provides information for setting up the Model 3090 Engine
Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS) spectrometer.

Instrument Placement

The instrument cabinet is designed to be cooled by room air drawn in
through a filter from the back of the cabinet and exhausted through the
sides and front of the cabinet.

The cabinet should be installed with at least 3-inch (50-mm) clearance
between the back panel and side panels and any other surface. The
cabinet should be set on a flat, solid surface that isolates the instrument
from outside vibration. Excessive vibration will produce artificial noise in
the measurement.

When positioning the instrument, also allow adequate space at the back for
access to the power switch and for the power cord.

Installing the Cyclone

The cyclone functions by removing large particles, preventing counting
errors, and keeping the instrument clean. The cyclone is always used, and
should only be removed when transporting or servicing the instrument. The
cyclone will remove large particles and fibers that can cause excessive
noise on one or more channels. Since cleaning the electrodes is a
relatively involved procedure, it is much better to prevent contamination
using the cyclone. The cyclone will be more effective in removing large
fibers if the inside surfaces are lightly coated with a light oil.

Install the cyclone on the aerosol inlet using the union fitting shown in
Figure 2-2. Make certain the components are tightly pushed together.
Tighten the nuts on the union fitting finger tight and then ½-turn with a
wrench (see Swagelok recommendations).

2-4 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

To Aerosol Inlet on

Instrument

Union Fitting

Aerosol In

Removable Base

Connect

Cyclone to

Union Fitting

Figure 2-2

Cyclone Assembly

Connecting Power

1. Connect the supplied power cord to the receptacle at the back of the
instrument. The cord has been supplied with the appropriate connector
for your country. Supply voltage can be 100 to 240 VAC and 50 or
60 Hz.

2. The instrument on-off switch is located above the power cable
connection on the instrument.

Notes: Make certain the line cord is plugged into a grounded (earth

grounded) power outlet. Position the instrument so the power
cord connector is not blocked and is easily accessible.

The internal power supply contains no user-serviceable parts.

If the power supply is not operating correctly, use the
information in the troubleshooting section to contact TSI. This
instrument should not be used in a manner not specified by the
manufacturer.

Connecting the Computer

1. Locate the serial cable supplied with the Model 3090. Connect one end
of the cable to your computer’s serial interface port (COM 1, COM2, or
other if available). If you have a USB port only, use the adapter cable
(1102125) supplied in the accessory kit.

2. Connect the other end of the cable to the serial connection at the back
of the EEPS spectrometer.

Unpacking and Setting Up 2-5

Installing the Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer
Software

Install the EEPS software as described below.

Computer Requirements

To use this software we recommend a personal computer with the
following minimum features, components, and software:

 An SVGA color monitor.
 Windows
 A hard drive large enough to accommodate Windows, the EEPS

software, and data files.

 A CD-ROM drive.
 A mouse.
 An RS-232 serial interface port (in addition to the one that may be

required for the mouse) or USB connection (use with supplied USB to
Serial Cable Adapter).

®

7 operating system or newer.

 A Microsoft Windows-compatible printer is optional.

Program Installation

1. Shut down (exit) all programs/applications on the Windows desktop.

2. With the computer on and Windows running, insert the Model 3090
EEPS Software CD-ROM in your CD drive. To run the setup.exe from
the CD:

a. If AutoPlay is enabled on your PC, the setup program begins

automatically and the introduction screen is displayed on the
Windows desktop.

b. If AutoPlay is not enabled, select Run from the Start menu and

type: D:\SETUP in the Open box and press OK. (if D is the letter
corresponding to your CD drive.)

3. Follow the instructions as the setup program runs. When the setup is
complete, you may be asked if you want to view the readme.htm file.
The readme.htm file contains important information that could not be
included in this manual. If you decide not to view this file immediately,
you may view the file later using a browser such as Internet Explorer.

4. When the installation program finishes, remove the CD-ROM and
restart your computer. Store the CD-ROM in a safe place for later use.

2-6 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

The setup program creates a folder (directory) called “Engine Exhaust
Particle Sizer” on your hard disk (assuming you accepted the default folder
name). The folder contains the required program files and sample data
files.

The setup program also creates a new item in the Start Menu called “TSI”

and an icon on your desktop for the EEPS software.

Note: Before creating a TSI menu item, the setup program checks for an

existing one. If one is present, it adds the icon only.

Unpacking and Setting Up 2-7

(This page intentionally left blank)

2-8 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

C H A P T E R 3

Quick Start

Ease of operation is a key feature of the Model 3090 Engine Exhaust
Particle Sizer (EEPS) spectrometer. After you are familiar with the
components identified in Chapter 1 and have performed the setup steps in

Chapter 2, you are ready to begin taking measurements.

This chapter presents the very basics of operation. Detailed instrument and
software operation instructions are in Chapters 4 and 5 and can be
referenced as needed.

Turn the instrument on using the power switch at the back of the
instrument, above the power cable connection. Once the instrument is
turned on, the LCD display illuminates information as it appears in
Figure 3-1. The instrument requires 10 minutes to warm up. When the
warm up is finished the status will change to “Normal”.

Figure 3-1

EEPS Warm-up Display Screen

While the instrument is warming up, start the EEPS software program (if it
is not already running). To start the program, proceed as follows:

1. From the Windows desktop, press the Start button and select
Programs|TSI|Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer or select the EEPS icon
from the desktop.

3-1

The Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer desktop appears as shown in
Figure 3-2.

Figure 3-2
The Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Desktop

How To Perform a Sample R u n

There are two steps to collecting sample data.

 Open a new file.
 Start data collection.

Before beginning, make certain the Model 3090 is connected to the
computer, the instrument is warmed up, and the software is running.

3-2 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Step 1—Open a New File

Select File|New or or <Ctrl><N> on the toolbar. The dialog box shown
in Figure 3-3 opens on your desktop.

Figure 3-3

Open a New File

Select a filename (and, optionally, a location other than the EEPS folder).

The default name is “EEPS1” for the first file you open, “EEPS2” for the

second file you open and so on. Accept the default name or enter any
name you choose. You do not need to enter an extension in the filename
box. It will be assigned automatically (.3090d).

After you enter a filename (or if you accept the default name), press the
Open button.

After you press the Open button, the computer attempts to connect to the
instrument. When the connection is complete, the Run View window opens.
Other windows that were open the last time the application was closed are
also opened. All windows are initially empty.

Quick Start 3-3

Step 2—Start the Run

Start the run one of three ways:

 Select Run|Start Data Collection.
 Click on the toolbar.

 Press <F10>.

Each time you start a new run, you are shown the run properties you will
use. The Run Properties dialog box shown in Figure 3-4 opens on the
desktop.

3-4 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Figure 3-4
Properties Dialog Box

The parameters of the Properties dialog box are described below. For this
“test” run, simply type a title and run length for the test and select OK.

Note: To open the Properties dialog box prior to pressing the Start button

on the toolbar, select Run|Properties. The values you enter in the
properties dialog at this time will appear when the dialog box opens
to start the run.

After you have completed the properties dialog box, sampling begins at the
Start Time you selected or immediately after you press the OK button.

As the program begins collecting sample data, it is displayed in the
windows open on the desktop.

When the sample finishes, data for the sample is stored in the file, but the
windows remain open.

To stop data collection before the selected run length time is complete,
select Run|Stop Data Collection or on the toolbar.

Communications Errors

If you get the following error message (Figure 3-5) when you try to start a
new sample, there is a communications problem between the computer and
instrument (i.e., the cable is not connected) or a connection is already open
to the instrument, such as another run, and are attempting to open another
connection.

Figure 3-5
Communications Error Dialog Box

Check the cable connection and close all files and then try to reconnect.

Note: Most computers have only two active communications ports, COM1

and COM2. COM1 is most likely available for the EEPS connection.

Run Properties

The Run Properties dialog box contains three tabs: Run Settings, Analog
Out, and Communications.

If this is the first time you have accessed the Properties dialog, you need to
set up the parameters before continuing. If you have set up the properties
before, verify they are correct before pressing OK. The following
paragraphs describe the settings of the Properties dialog box.

The Run Settings Tab

Use the Run Settings tab to enter information about the run and control
variables for the run. Once the run settings are set, you can store them for
later use by selecting the Save Settings to File... and Load Settings from
File... buttons.

Quick Start 3-5

Title

Enter a descriptive title for the sample. This title will appear as a heading on
various windows to identify this sample. The maximum number of
characters allowed is 79.

Scheduling

Run Length (hh:mm).

Enter a run length by selecting the number of hours and minutes you want
to collect data for this run. The maximum run length is 1 hour and 30
minutes. Remember, to stop the run at any time, use the button on the
toolbar or Run|Stop Data Collection.

Start at Time

If you do not want the run to start immediately, you can schedule the run to
start at a specific time.

Run Only Once or Run Continuous

Sampling can be set to run once or to run continuously (specifying a delay
time between runs of 1 minute to 24 hours). When sampling is set up to run
continuous, a new filename is opened for each run. The new filename is
based on the current filename. For example, if the original filename is
ModelCar.3090d, the new filename will be ModelCar_0.3090d the first time
the sample is repeated and ModelCar_1.3090d the second time it is
repeated and so on.

Enable External Trigger

The checkbox for Enable External Trigger, lets you tell the software that you
want to start sampling using an external trigger to start a run remotely. This
can be useful when different instruments need to be started at the same
time.

A trigger input (on the back of the instrument) consists of bringing the +
input to a logic low. This can be done using:

 A potential-free contact closure (a toggle switch) that connects the +

input to the – input, which is at ground (GND).

 A logic circuit to drive the + input low.

Data Collection and Display

Data Type

Select the type of data you would like to collect from the instrument. Select
either Concentration data or Electrometer Current.

Zero-Check (Electronic Air Filter Mode)

Check this box if you would like to perform a run which has the same effect
as a filter installed on the inlet. During a zero-check run the negative
charger is set to its maximum current and the positive charger is turned off.

3-6 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Note that this checkbox always defaults to “off”. If using it for consecutive
runs, it must be checked each time.

Hide Invalid Values

Check this box to have the software hide any invalid data values in its
graphs and tables. An invalid data value is one that is received by the
instrument under a serious or fatal error condition. See Table 6-3 in

Chapter 6 for a detailed list of fatal errors.

Dilution Factor

To correct for a dilution factor to match measurement conditions, you can
add a dilution factor here and turn it on/off with the checkbox. For example,
if you used a 100:1 diluter before sampling into the instrument, the
concentration can be corrected back to the original concentration using a
dilution factor of 100. This will multiply the concentrations measured by the
instrument by a factor of 100 when shown on graphs and tables. The
original data is not changed and the dilution factor can always be turned
back off.

Auto-Export

Select the Export Data at End of Run checkbox to automatically export data
when the run is complete. Refer to Chapter 5 for a complete description of
how to export data.

Instrument Matrix

The software displays the currently configured matrix on the instrument in
the combo box. To select an alternate matrix, use the drop-down arrow.
DEFAULT refers to the factory default matrix; “SOOT” and “COMPACT” are
other pre-defined matrices which are installed with the software. When you
select a matrix other than the one currently configured on the instrument,
that matrix is uploaded to the instrument by selecting the Apply or OK
button (to close the dialog).

Comment

The Comment box allows you to store comments about the sample run.
The maximum number of characters is 255.

This information is stored with the sample data in the file and may be
displayed when the Properties dialog box is opened for this file. It is also
included in the exported data.

Quick Start 3-7

Viewing Data

Save Settings to File.../Load Settings to File...

Use these two buttons to save the run settings you have set up and recall
them for later use.

To save the current settings, click the Save These Settings... button and
enter a filename (and, if desired, a different directory/folder/drive) and then
select Save.

To recall settings you have saved, click the Load Settings from a File...
button, highlight the filename you want to recall (after navigating to the
appropriate folder if necessary) and selecting Open.

View data in a table or graphs while the data is being collected and change
how data is viewed after sampling ends.

Note: To view the data on the LCD panel of the EEPS spectrometer, refer

to Chapter 4.

Change scales, time resolution, weighting, and other parameters, as well as
play back the entire run.

Data can be viewed in the graphs either logarithmically or linearly and at
different time resolutions. The particle data in the 2-dimensional graph
represents an individual histogram at a selected time.

The following procedure provides an example of how to change how data is
viewed for an existing run. Refer to Chapter 5 for a complete description.

1. Open an existing run file using File|Open or by pressing on the
toolbar. Figure 3-6 shows sample data.

3-8 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Figure 3-6
Sample Data

2. To toggle the graph scale between logarithmic and linear display
modes, use the and toolbar buttons.

3. To toggle the display units between number concentration and
dN/dlogDp, use the and toolbar buttons.

4. Using the mouse, point to a location in the Run View (contour graph)
and click the left mouse button. This selects a time window during the
run and this individual histogram of data is then displayed in the 2­dimensional Particle Histogram Graph window and in the Particle Table
window. This subset of data is also highlighted in the 3D Graph
window. Each time a new “time window” is selected, the histogram,
table and 3D graph windows are updated. In the Total Concentration
graph, the time window is identified with a crosshair annotation.

Quick Start 3-9

5. To view the data at a
different time resolution,
select a different
averaging interval using
the drop-down style
selector on the toolbar
(see figure). Depending
on the length of the run,
you can select an
averaging interval from
.1 second to
60 minutes.

6. To select a maximum
value for the
concentration range or
have the software auto­scale the data, use the
second drop-down style
selector on the toolbar
(see figure).

7. To display data other
than concentration in
the 2D particle
histogram graph, click
the right mouse button
in that window to display
the popup menu
(Figure 3-7). Select
Weight|Mass. Notice
the change in how data
is displayed. Use
Weight|Number to
change the graph to
display the number
weighting.

Figure 3-7

Popup Menu for the Histogram Window

3-10 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Status Bar

Concentration

Display

Total Mass

(3090AK only)

Particle Data

Graph

Menu

C H A P T E R 4

LCD Display Operation

This chapter provides information on the features and functions of the LCD
display and the control knob. Refer to Chapter 5 for detailed operation
information of the Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS) software program

Use the control knob and LCD display to view instrument status, start and
stop data display, read diagnostics, and view user settings.

To use the control knob, place your finger in the detent on the front of the
knob and turn. Notice how items on the LCD display are highlighted (dark
box around light text). To select a highlighted item, press the control knob in
and release.

LCD Display Items

Figure 4-1 shows the LCD display while a sample is being taken. There are
four unique regions of the display. Each is described below.

Figure 4-1

LCD Display Regions

4-1

Menu Option

Description

Cursor

View individual particle channels.

Menu

View user settings and diagnostics.

Pause/Resume

Start and stop data display.

Setting

Options

Description

Y-Axis Setting

Autoscale;
1E4 to 1E9

Use this option to select the maximum
displayed scale for the Y-Axis.

(1E4 can only be selected in Linear mode)

Y-Axis Scale

Linear/Log 10

Use this option to change the Y-Axis scale
between Linear and Log 10 mode.

Flows

Off/On

Use this option to turn all flows on or off.
When Off is selected, the status bar

displays “Flows and Chargers Turned

OFF.” There will be no draw at the sample
inlet. The chargers are turned off to protect
the electrodes from contamination.

Status Bar

The Status Bar indicates instrument status. Possible messages include:
Warming Up, Normal, etc. Refer to Chapter 6 for a complete list of
messages and actions you should take.

Menu Options

There are three menu options.

Cursor

Select CURSOR to view information about a particular particle size value in
the graph. To view a specific value, use the control knob to highlight
CURSOR then press the knob. A bar will appear on the graph and data for
that size channel will be displayed in the concentration display region (see
below). Rotate the control knob to view data to the left or right. To stop
viewing data with the cursor, press the control knob again and turn the
cursor to select another option from the display.

Menu

Select MENU to view user setting and diagnostics information. To view
these items, highlight MENU with the control knob and press the knob. A
menu appears for User Settings and Diagnostics. Use the control knob to
highlight the item you want and press the control knob.

User Settings

The user settings (Table 4-1) let you change display settings and turn on/off
the pumps or chargers and zero the electrometer. The pumps can be
turned off to reduce noise and save power when the instrument is not being
used, but still powered on.

Table 4-1
User Settings

4-2 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Setting

Options

Description

Chargers

Off/On

Use this option to turn both chargers on or
off. When Off is selected, the status bar
displays “Chargers Turned OFF.”

Column Heater

Off/On

Turns the column heater on or off. Turn the
heater on when the instrument is in a cool
(i.e., air conditioned) environment and
sampling from a warm, humid environment
to prevent condensation that could cause
the electrometers to become noisy.
Normally, it should be turned off unless
needed.

Display
Brightness

0-100

Use this option to change the panel
brightness and improve display visibility.

Note: On recently built units this

adjustment will have no effect.

Zero
Electrometer

None

Use this option to calibrate the electrometer

offset (see “Troubleshooting, Baseline

Noise” in Chapter 6)

Parameter

Nominal Value(s)

Description

Sheath, Sample
Flow

39.4 L/min,
8 L/min

Sheath flow through column and sample
flow (note that sample flow plus
extraction flow equals the flow into the
instrument inlet).

Extraction,
Charger Flow

2 L/min, 0.6 L/min

Extraction pump flow and charger sheath
flow.

Temperature,
Pressure

25.0 C,

700 to 1034 mBar

Temperature of the sheath air flow, in
degree Celsius and absolute pressure
inside the sizing column.

Negative
Charger

35 nA -1000 to

-4200 V

Current of the negative charger, in nano
ampere. Voltage level of the negative
charger electrode, in volts.

Positive
Charger

27 nA 1000 V to

4200 V

Current of the positive charger, in nano
ampere. Voltage level of the positive
charger electrode, in volts.

Column
Voltages

85V, 470V, 1200V

Voltage on center electrode sections, top
to bottom, in volts.

Analog Input Ch
1, Ch 2

0 to 10.0 V,

0 to 10.0 V

Voltage level on the analog input channel
1 and 2, in volts.

MCU Firmware
Version

2.xx

Version of micro controller firmware.

DSP Firmware
Version

2.xx

Version of digital signal processor
firmware.

Error Message

None

Select with cursor to see a list with all
error messages.

The diagnostics information (Table 4-2) is read-only, and is available to let
you quickly see if any of the important values are out of range.

Table 4-2
Diagnostics Information

Instrument Operation 4-3

Pause/Resume

Select Pause/Resume to start and stop real-time data display. The button
changes from Pause to Resume each time it is selected. You must select
Pause, before you can use the Cursor menu item, see below.

Concentration Display

While running a sample, you can view particle size data using the CURSOR
(see above). As you move the CURSOR, the information in the
Concentration Display shows the particle size and concentration values for
the CURSOR location.

Particle Data Graph

A histogram of sampled particle size data is presented in the graph window
as normalized concentration dN/dlogDp (#/cc) to allow easy comparison to
other instruments. This particle concentration is normalized to the bin width.
In this case it is calculated by concentration multiplied by 16, the number of
channels per decade. Particle size is presented on a log scale with 32
equally sized bins in the size range of 5.6 to 560 nanometers. Other
weightings, such as particle mass or surface area as well as concentration
that are not normalized can be viewed using the EEPS software.

A yellow curve is shown superimposed on the particle size distribution to
show the RMS lower noise limit of the instrument. For best results, the
concentration should be above the noise curve. In addition, when the
concentration is too high, a red box will appear on the end of each size
channel that has been over-ranged. When this happens, the concentration
should be reduced using additional dilution air into the EEPS spectrometer.
Running the instrument near the upper concentration limit will require more
frequent cleaning of the column. See Maximum Concentration and

Minimum Concentration in the Software chapter for more information.

4-4 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

C H A P T E R 5

Software Operation

This chapter provides specific information for the Model 3090 Engine
Exhaust Particle Sizer™ (EEPS™) software program including:

 Starting the program
 Opening an existing file
 Displaying particle histograms at different times during a run
 Changing how data is viewed
 Using a different matrix
 Playing back data collection
 Selecting a hotspot
 Deleting data
 Zooming in and out on data
 Printing information displayed on the desktop
 Exporting data
 Arranging open windows and changing the layout
 Quitting the program
 Description of all program menus and menu items

If you have read Chapter 3, you will already be familiar with some of this
information.

5-1

Start the Engine Ex h aust Particle Sizer
Program

To start the program, proceed as follows:

From the Windows desktop, press the Start menu and select
Programs|TSI|Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer.

The Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer desktop appears as shown in
Figure 5-1.

5-2 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Figure 5-1
Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Desktop

Open an Existing File

1. Select File|Open or on the toolbar.

2. When the Open file dialog box appears, it shows the files available in
the default file location. The default file location is Program
Files/TSI/Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer. Example files are included
with the program and are installed in the Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer
software folder when the program is installed.

Use the mouse to highlight the file you want to open. If you store data
files in a location other than the default Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer
folder, browse for the drive/directory where the data files are stored
before you click Open.

3. Click Open. The program remembers the windows that were open on
the desktop when you last closed the file and reopens them when you
access the file again.

(continued on next page)

Software Operation 5-3

Selecting a Particle Histogr a m to Display

To select a time at which to display a particle histogram during a run, click
on the “contour graph” or Run View window. The Run View window is the
controlling view for the application and is always open on the desktop.
Closing the Run View window closes the run file.

Use the mouse to click on a point in the Run View window. An annotation
(see the dashed line in Figure 5-2) shows the selected time as time since
the start of the run. The cursor corresponds to the Particle Histogram
shown in the lower left corner.

5-4 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Figure 5-2

Selecting a Time Window

When you select a time window using the mouse, the corresponding
histogram is displayed in the Concentration Histogram window and in the
Particle Table window. The Total Concentration graph window draws an
annotation at the selected time. The 3D Graph window displays the same
data as in the Run View window with the selected time highlighted in a
different color.

To continue, select an adjacent time window using the arrow keys on the
keyboard or use the mouse to point and click at another location on the
graph.

Maximum Concentration

The maximum concentration limits for each channel are plotted as a red
line in the Concentration Histogram window. When the values for a given
run reach the maximum concentration level defined for a given particle size
or channel, an annotation is displayed on the graph. In the graph in
Figure 5-3, the bars which are marked with the annotation indicate
channels in which the concentration measured by the instrument (using the
current averaging interval) reached or exceeded the defined maximum.
The channels with a red box indicate channels where the concentration
has been clipped. This affects the shape of the distribution considerably. If
you see a graph with maximum concentration indicators, you should
reduce the concentration sampled by the instrument. For a reference on
the concentration limits see Figure B-4 in Appendix B.

Figure 5-3

Histogram Showing Clipping Due to Exceeding Maximum Concentration

Software Operation 5-5

Minimum Concentration

Similarly, when the values shown in the Concentration Histogram window
are small, it is useful to note the minimum concentration level defined for a
given particle size or channel. The minimum concentration is shown for
each channel in this graph as a yellow line. In the graph in Figure 5-4, this
minimum concentration level is more apparent in a distribution where the
concentration values measured by the instrument are relatively low. Note
that this curve depends on the averaging time displayed—the longer the
averaging time, the lower the concentration defined by the curve. This is
because the electrometer noise is improved with longer averaging times.
For a reference on the concentration limits see Figure B-4 in Appendix B.

Figure 5-4

Concentration Histogram Showing Minimum Concentration

Change How Data is Viewed

The data can be viewed in the following ways:

 Changing the Time resolution
 Changing the Concentration scale
 Selecting a Weight (2D histogram)
 Selecting the Display units

5-6 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

To view data at different time
resolutions, select an averaging
interval in the average interval
drop-down selector on the toolbar
(see figure). Depending on the
length of the run, you may select
averaging intervals from .1 second
to 60 minutes.

To change the
concentration scale of the
data displayed in the
graphs, open the
Concentration Scale
dialog (Figure 5-5) by
selecting

Format|Concentration
Scale… or by selecting
Concentration Scale…

from the right-click popup
menu on the Run View.
This dialog lets you select
linear or log scale and
allows you to select the
minimum and maximum
concentration range for
the data.

Figure 5-5
Concentration Dialog Box

Changing the Time Resolution

Changing the Concentration Scale

If the concentration scale is set to “Auto Scale,” the software determines

the minimum and maximum concentration values for the current average
interval. To select a concentration range, select either the “Min”, “Max” or

the “Min/Max” radio button. The box below “Min Concentration”, “Max
Concentration” or both will become enabled and you may enter a value,

where the Minimum Concentration is equal to or greater than zero and less
than the Maximum Concentration.

To change the scale between log and linear mode, press the or
buttons on the toolbar.

Software Operation 5-7

Finally, to select the maximum concentration value, use the drop-down
Concentration Scale selector on the toolbar (see below examples for linear
and log).

5-8 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Changing the Weighting in the 2D Histogram

To view data in the 2D histogram graph using different weighting, proceed
as follows.

1. Open a Model 3090 Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer data file.

2. Make the concentration histogram window active.

3. Right-click the mouse to display the popup menu (Figure 5-6).

Figure 5-6

Popup Menu for the Concentration Histogram Window

4. Use the mouse to select Weight|Mass. Notice the change in how data
is displayed. (A checkmark next to one of the menu items means that
is the selected weight option.) The Y-axis title on the graph will display
the current weighting also.

Note: Important additional information on how data can be viewed is found

later in this chapter “Software Menus.”

Changing the Display Units

To view data as number concentration or as dN/dlogDp, use the toolbar
buttons or . Data in all graphs and tables will display in the

selected units. Particle concentration is normalized to the bin width
by multiplying by 16, the number of channels per decade.

Software Operation 5-9

Using an Alternat ive Inversion Matrix

Chapter 3 describes how to select an alternate matrix to upload to the

instrument before starting a new run. You may also select a different matrix
to apply to the raw data in an existing file.

Note: If you have a data file which does not contain the raw data values

this option is not available. The data file must have been created
using EEPS Firmware version 3.05 or later and EEPS Software
version 3.1.0 or later.

Open the Run|Properties dialog for an existing data file. You may select a
different matrix to apply to your raw data set using the combo box in the
Instrument Matrix section. Select the Apply button to recalculate the
number concentration values. The data in the graphs and tables will
update. You may then save your file as a different file name or overwrite
the file with these changes when you close the file.

The data inversion in the Model 3090 uses a matrix to convert the
measured electrometer currents to size and concentration data. The
DEFAULT matrix is based upon a combination of theoretical and
experimental data. However, variation in particle shape can affect how the
particles are charged within a unipolar charger which affects how they are
sized. In general, agglomerates acquire a higher net charge than compact,
near spherical particles.

To address differences in charging characteristics, two additional particle
morphology-specific inversion matrices are included within EEPS software
that result in better correlation between EEPS spectrometer and SMPS
spectrometer data. Both matrices were developed by empirically calibrating
the EEPS spectrometer to SMPS spectrometer measurements.

SOOT.matrix is designed to specifically change how soot particles,
typically chain aggregates, in the accumulation mode (~>100nm) are sized.
When measuring engine emissions (from constant volume sampling (CVS)
tunnel or directly from the exhaust using partial flow dilution) it is
recommended that the soot matrix be used.

COMPACT.matrix is designed to be used when measuring aerosols
composed of compact, nearly spherical, particles. The compact matrix is
useful for laboratory studies in which it is known (or assumed) that the
sample aerosol is composed of compact particles such as atomized oil
droplets, salt solution residue, or polystyrene latex spheres (PSL).

5-10 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Matrix File Format

A matrix file is a file with the extension “.matrix” and consists of a header
string followed by 22 rows x 33 columns of floating point values. The
header string “TSI 3090/3091 Matrix” identifies it as a matrix file. Values
are separated by either a comma or a tab character. In addition to the
default matrix, TSI currently provides the matrix file “SOOT.matrix” and
“COMPACT.matrix”. You may use your own custom matrix file provided it
conforms to this format.

Be aware that only the name of the matrix used is stored in the data file.
The EEPS software will display all *.matrix files found in its installation
directory in the instrument matrix combo box of the Run|Properties dialog.
It is up to you to manage these files, and ensure that the file names are
unique. The maximum length of a matrix name (filename only, excluding
the .matrix extension) is 20 characters. The matrix name “Default” is
reserved and refers to the factory default matrix already saved in the
instrument memory.

Playback (Review) a Sample R un

Review data collection for the run (or portions of the run) as follows:

1. Select Playback|Play or on the toolbar. The Playback Options
box shown in Figure 5-7 appears.

Figure 5-7

Playback Setup Dialog Box

2. Select the playback time, update rate, and whether you want the run
playback displayed once or continuously. Playback begins immediately
when you select Play Once or Play Continuous. For better viewing, it
may be necessary to maximize the window of particular interest to you.

Software Operation 5-11

3. If you select Full Speed for Update Rate, the data is played back at full
speed in the 3D graph view only. All other views are minimized until
playback is complete or you stop playback.

4. If you select an update rate of 2x/second or 1x/second, all views are
updated at that rate. An indicator arrow in the Run View window shows
the current time of the playback.

5. Pause the playback at any time by selecting Playback|Pause. Select
Playback|Play to continue playback where you left off. Stop playback
at any time by selecting Playback|Stop. When you stop playback, you
must restart it from the Playback dialog again. Use Playback|Pause
and Playback|Play if you want to stop and start playback.

Control playback by using icons on the toolbar. The icons perform the
following operations:

Stop. Stop playback.
Pause. Pause playback.

Start. Start playback or restart playback.

Select a Data Hot Spot

When a concentration histogram window or the total concentration graph is
active on the desktop, find the values of any data point as follows:

1. Position the pointer on the bar, line, or peak (depending on the type of
graph that is active). The pointer becomes a pointing hand.

2. Press the left mouse button to display the corresponding values.
Figure 5-8, shows how the data values would be displayed with the
crosshair annotation at the selected data point.

Tip: After you have a data hot spot selected, use the “>“ and “<“ or
arrow keys to move the crosshair cursor right or left (from one value to
the next), or grab the vertical crosshair annotation and drag it to
another location. Refer to the end of this chapter for a list of other keys
or key combinations for navigating and performing operations without
using the mouse.

5-12 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Figure 5-8

Use the Mouse to Directly View Data Values

Delete Data

To redo a run or delete data for a run just taken, on the toolbar select
Run|Delete or . A verification message is displayed.

You can only delete data for the run you just collected. Once you close this
file, you cannot delete the data from this file using this method the next
time this file is opened using File|Open or . If you need to delete a
saved file, use a tool such as Explorer to delete the file.

Zoom In and Out on Data in a Graph

Zoom in on data displayed in a graph as follows:

1. Use the mouse to position the cursor (pointer) on the graph surface, at
one corner of the graph area you want enlarged.

2. Press down on the left mouse button and drag the mouse to the
opposite corner of the data you want enlarged.

3. Release the left mouse button. The area you selected is enlarged.

4. Continue to zoom further by repeating steps 1 through 3.

To unzoom, select <Z> or Format|Undo Zoom or on the toolbar. The
enlarged area is returned to normal view.

Software Operation 5-13

Print Information Displaye d o n the
Desktop

Print the information displayed in the active window on the desktop as
follows (a printer must be properly installed):

1. With a graph or table window active on the desktop, select File|Print
Preview or on the toolbar.

2. Review that what you see in the print preview window is what you want
to print (an example is shown in Figure 5-9) and select Print from the
Preview box. The contents of the window are sent to your printer.

3. You can also select Print or Print Preview from the popup menu of
each window.

To immediately print a window without previewing it, select File|Print or

from the toolbar or press <Ctrl><P>.

5-14 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Figure 5-9

Print Preview

Export Data to a File

Data from a Model 3090 EEPS file can be exported for use in another
program such as Microsoft Excel® or Microsoft Access® programs. Data
can be exported either manually or automatically.

To Manually Export Data

To manually export data:

1. Open the data file by selecting File|Open or or <Ctrl><O>.

2. Select File|Export. An Export Data Options dialog box appears as
shown in Figure 5-10.

®

Excel and Access are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Figure 5-10

Export Data Options Dialog Box

Software Operation 5-15

Parameter

Description

Data Types

Concentration

The total number of particles per unit volume of air
sampled (i.e., number concentration expressed as
#/cm3). Concentration is the primary measurement
of the Model 3090 EEPS system.

Volume

Volume represents the total volume of the particles
per unit volume of air sampled (i.e., volume
concentration expressed as nm3/cm3). The volume
concentration calculation assumes that all the
particles are perfect spheres.

Surface

Surface represents the total surface area of the
particles per unit volume of air sampled (i.e., surface
area concentration expressed as nm2/cm3). The
surface area concentration calculation assumes that
all the particles are perfect spheres.

Mass

Mass represents the total mass of the particles per
unit volume of air sampled (i.e., mass concentration
expressed as µg/cm3). The mass concentration
calculation assumes that all the particles are perfect
spheres with the density defined in the particle table
for each channel.

Raw Data (Instrument
Record)

Note: Valid only with 3090 instruments with
firmware newer than 3.05.

Each data set collected has attached to it the raw
electrometer data. This data can be exported and
reviewed.

Units

Normalized (dW/dlogDp)

Concentration, surface, volume, mass values
exported are normalized to 16 channels per decade.

Number

Actual (non-normalized) values are exported.

Total Concentration

Total concentration on all channels.

Electrometer Current

If the run file contains data which is electrometer
current (see run settings), this option may be
selected.

Analog Input

Input voltage for Analog Input Channel 1 and 2 in
Volt.

Sample Temp

Sample temperature recorded during the run.

Pressure

Sample pressure recorded during the run.

Min-Max Concentration
Limits

Export the minimum and maximum concentration
limits for each channel. (Number or dN/dlogDp units
apply.)

Analog Output

Exports the Model 3090 EEPS Analog Output
settings that were in effect when the EEPS data was
collected. Only valid for Model 3090 with Analog Out
Option.

3. Select the type of data you want to export, the data range, the type,
averaging interval, and format of the file to which you want to export
the data. Refer to Table 5-1 for a description of the parameters.

Table 5-1
Export Data Options

5-16 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Parameter

Description

Time Range and Resolution

From/To

Starting time in the run to begin exporting data.

Use Averaging Interval

Just as the averaging interval can be when viewing
the data, it can be set for the exported data
independently.

Display Time as:

Format of the time corresponding to each data point
in the exported output.

File Type

Excel

File extension will be either .xls or .csv (comma­separated-values) to be read by Excel®.

Text

Output will be written to a text (.txt) file.

Delimiter

Delimiter used in output.

Output Filename

Name of output file for exported data.

4. Verify the default file name (and path) or press the Save As button to
change the filename and/or location if you want to save the file to
another location or provide a new filename. The extension is
automatically selected when you chose a file type for exporting.

5. Press OK.

Figure 5-11 illustrates how an exported *.xls file is formatted for a
Model 3090 Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS) spectrometer when
Concentration is selected as Data Types for exporting.

Software Operation 5-17

Figure 5-11

Sample Export File

To Automatically Export Data

To export data automatically at the end of the run to a file for use in
another program (such as Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet software):

1. When setting up the properties for the run, select Auto-Export on the
Run Settings tab. This activates the Export Options button on the
dialog. When you press the Export Options button, the Export Data
Options dialog opens (see Figure 5-10 above).

2. Select the type of data you want to export, the data range, and the file
format in which you want to export the data.

3. Verify the default file name (and path) or press the Save As button and
change the filename and/or location if you want to save the file to
another location or provide a new filename. The extension is
automatically selected when you chose a file type for exporting.

4. Press OK. Data will be exported to the file at the end of the run.

5-18 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Arrange Open Windows/Change L a yout

When several windows are open on the desktop, it is helpful to arrange
them for easier viewing.

There are two ways to arrange windows:

 The traditional Windows method.

To arrange windows, select an item from the Window menu. Windows
on your desktop can be arranged horizontally, vertically, or cascaded.
Refer to your Windows documentation for examples and more
information.

 Using the EEPS spectrometer layout function.

Select one of the layout icons (5-pane layout), (4-pane layout),

(3-pane layout), or (2-pane layout).

Each icon changes the number and way in which windows are
displayed on the desktop. (These layout functions can also be selected
from the Window menu.)

All of the program windows that are currently open on the desktop are
listed at the bottom of the Window menu under the Close All item. To
make a window active (and bring it to the front of all windows), select the
name of the window from the list of open windows.

Quit the Program

To end the program, select File|Exit. All windows and files open on the
desktop are closed. If you have made changes to a file and have not yet
saved it, you will be prompted to do so.

Software Menus

This section describes the software functions available for the EEPS
spectrometer software. There are two types of menus: desktop menus and
context-sensitive or popup menus.

 Desktop menus are those menus listed at the top of the Engine

Exhaust Particle Sizer desktop. They include: File, Run, Playback,
Format, View, Window, and Help.

 Popup menus are those menus that appear when you click the right

mouse button when the cursor is positioned in an active window.

Software Operation 5-19

Nearly all menu items are available from both a desktop menu and a
popup menu, though a few items are only available in one or the other.
This section presents the items of the desktop menus first and then
describes the menu items that are available only through the popup
menus.

In addition to these menus, a toolbar, located just beneath the desktop
menus, provides shortcuts to the most commonly used menu functions.

Shortcut keys (keyboard keystrokes that do not require the use of the
mouse) are also available. They are described at the end of this section.

Desktop Menus

Note: All menus and the menu items are described below. Depending on

the operation you are currently performing and the window that is
active on the desktop, the menu may appear different than shown;
that is, some menu items may not be available.

File Menu

The items of the File menu are used to open, save, and recall files and
perform other program operations.

Figure 5-12

File Menu

5-20 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

New

Select File|New or
collect sample data.

After you select New, you are prompted to enter a filename. Accept the
default filename or enter any filename you chose then select OK.

A Run View window opens on the desktop with the filename you entered. If
other windows were open at the time you last closed a file, these windows
also open on the desktop. All graphs and tables are initially empty. You are
ready to start collecting data. Refer to “How to Perform a Sample Run” for
a complete description.

or <Ctrl><N> to open a new file and prepare to

Open

Select File|Open or or <Ctrl><O> to open an existing file. By default,
the program will look for files in the same directory location as the last file
you opened or in the same directory as the EEPS program if this is the first
time running the program. All files are automatically given the appropriate
filename extension (.3090d). If you store data files in another directory or
on another drive, you must first display the file pathname in the Open
dialog box before you can select and open it.

When the file opens, a window (or windows) will open on the desktop
displaying the data in this file.

Multiple files can be open on the desktop at the same time. Only one
window, however, is the active window.

Close

Select File|Close or or <Ctrl><W> to close a file (and all the windows
associated with it). If there are windows open on the desktop from more
than one file, Close will close only those windows associated with the file
whose window is currently active. If you attempt to close a file that has
been changed but not saved, you will be prompted to save the changes
before closing the file.

Since the Run View is the controlling view for a file, closing this window
using the button in the upper right corner also closes the file.

Software Operation 5-21

Save As

Select File|Save As or to save data to a new filename. (The file
contents are duplicated to the new filename. To delete the original filename
later, use Windows® Explorer® to do so.)

After you select Save As, select a drive/directory in the file dialog box. The
same filename can be used if you save the file to another drive/directory,
but to save the file to the same directory, you must give it a new name.

Do not add the filename extension. It is added automatically when you
select Save As.

Export

Select File|Export to export data for use in another program. Data is

exported in a delimited text file. Refer to “Export Data to a File” earlier in

this chapter for information.

Print

Select File|Print or
desktop in a report format. To preview the output before printing it, select
File|Print Preview.

Refer to your Windows® documentation for information about the Print
dialog box.

or <Ctrl><P> to print the active window on the

Print Preview

To avoid printing something you do not want, select File|Print Preview or

to see what your printed output will look like before selecting Print.

Print Setup…

Select File|Print Setup to set up the printer for printing. Refer to your
Windows® documentation and your printer’s documentation for information
about setting the printer parameters.

Properties

Select File|Properties to see the run properties for the current run. The
parameters that can be set in the Properties dialog for a new run are
described earlier in this chapter. When viewing the properties for an
existing run, only the title and comment fields may be modified and you
may also select or de-select “Hide Invalid Data Values”.

5-22 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

List of Recently Accessed Files

Between the Print Setup and Exit menu items is a list of the most recently
accessed data files (a maximum of four files is displayed). These are
accessed from the menu by selecting File|1, 2, 3, or 4.

The list provides a shortcut to these files so you can bypass the Open
command. To open one of the files listed, use the mouse to highlight it and
click the left mouse button. The file opens on the desktop.

Exit

Select File|Exit to end the program.

Run Menu

The items available under the Run menu are used to start and stop data
collection.

Figure 5-13

Run Menu

Start Data Collection

With a new file open on the desktop, select Run|Start Data Collection or

or <F10> to begin collecting data. Data is collected according to the

parameters set in the Properties dialog (see earlier in this chapter).

Once you select Start Data Collection, data collection begins immediately
or at the time selected in the Parameters dialog box. As data is collected, it
is displayed in the open windows.

Stop Data Collection

Select Run|Stop Data Collection or to stop collecting sample data
immediately. When you select this item, sampling stops and data already
collected is saved in the file.

Delete 

Select Run|Delete or to delete data. This is useful if you need to stop
and restart a run. You can only delete data for a new run. It cannot be used
to delete data once the file is closed. To delete data for an existing run, use
Explorer® or a similar tool to delete the file.

Properties

This menu item provides a shortcut to the same Properties dialog box
listed under the File menu. Refer to that description or see the description
of the Properties dialog box earlier in this chapter.

Software Operation 5-23

Playback Menu

The Playback menu lets you display the sample data series, so that many
timed samples can be viewed quickly, visually identifying trends or special
events from a large list of samples.

The playback feature was described earlier in this chapter under “Playback

(Review) a Sample Run.” Refer to that description.

Figure 5-14
Playback Menu

Format Menu

The menu items of the Format menu let you control how information is
presented in tables and graphs.

Figure 5-15

Format Menu

5-24 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Option/Parameter

Description

Linear

Data plotted on a linear scale.

Log

Data plotted using a logarithmic scale.

Min

Select this radio button to specify a minimum value for
the concentration range. When selected, enter a
minimum value in the edit box below. This value must
be greater than or equal to 0.

Max

Select this radio button to set a maximum value for the
concentration range. When selected, enter a maximum
value in the edit box below. Enter a value, m, such that
100 <= m <= 2e8.

Min/Max

Select this radio button to set both the minimum and
maximum values for the concentration range.

Auto Scale

Select to let the software automatically determine the
minimum and maximum concentration values. Auto­scale is the default.

Min Concentration

Enter the minimum concentration value here. When the
graphs are auto-scaled, the value shown in this box
(grayed) is the minimum value as calculated by the
software.

Max Concentration

Enter the maximum concentration value here. When the
graphs are auto-scaled, the value shown in this box
(grayed) is the maximum value as calculated by the
software.

Concentration Scale

Select Concentration Scale to open the Scale dialog box (Figure 5-16).

Figure 5-16

Concentration Scale Dialog Box

Use this dialog box to set options and parameters as described in
Table 5-2. Make your changes and select OK.

Table 5-2
Options/Parameters of the Concentration Scale Dialog Box

Software Operation 5-25

Color

Select Format|Color or to change the colors used to display items in
the active window.

When Format|Color is selected, the Graph Color or Table Color window
opens depending on the active window on the desktop (Figure 5-17 shows
both). These windows include a preview screen, a drop down list and a
color palette. From the drop down list, select the name of the item you want
to modify. The current color for that item is indicated in the color palette.
Use the mouse to point to the new color for that item and click the left
mouse button to select it. The preview screen then displays the item in the
new color.

(A) (B)

Figure 5-17

(A) The Graph Color Dialog Box, (B) The Table Color Dialog Box

Select items from the drop down list and colors as desired. When finished
press OK. The colors you selected will be used from that point on in all
graphs and/or tables.

5-26 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

The items selectable for windows containing graphs are:

 Window Background
 Plot Area Background
 Labels
 Axis
 Data
 View Boundaries
 Data Hotspot Lines

The items selectable for windows containing tables are:

 Window Background
 Cell Text
 Grid Color
 Cell Background
 Fixed Area Text

The Color dialog box for the 3D graph is slightly different as shown in
Figure 5-18.

Figure 5-18

The Color Dialog Box for the 3D Graph

Software Operation 5-27

Use this dialog to change the color of the following items:

 Data
 Highlighted Data
 Window Background
 Graph Background
 Labels
 Axis

Font Style

Select the Format|Font|Style… menu to change the style of the text in all
graphs or tables. See Figure 5-19.

Select any font and font style available on your computer. The preview box
displays what the text will look like before you implement it by selecting

OK.

Figure 5-19

Font Dialog Box

Font Size

To change the font size, select Format|Font|Small, Medium, or Large
(the default is Medium). To change the text size without using the menus,

select the icon from the toolbar. Each time you select the icon the text
size changes to the next text size. (Rotation is from small to medium to
large.) The font size for text can be changed in all views except the Run
View where only the font style can be changed.

Undo Zoom

Select the Format|Undo Zoom, select the Undo Zoom icon or type Z
in the graph that is currently zoomed to return the graph to its normal
viewing size. Refer to the section “Zoom In and Out on Data in a Graph”
earlier in this chapter.

5-28 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

View Menu

The View menu lets you select the view windows you may open on the
desktop. A checkmark next to an item indicates the item is already open. If
it is not visible, look under the Windows menu to find the item and make it
the active window.

Figure 5-20

View Menu

3D Graph

Select the 3D Graph menu item when you want the 3D graph window open
on the desktop (Figure 5-21).

Figure 5-21

3D Graph View

Software Operation 5-29

Particle Table

Select the Particle Table menu item when you want the Particle Table
window open on the desktop (Figure 5-22).

Figure 5-22
Particle Table Window

Particle Histogram

Select the Particle Histogram menu item when you want the Particle
Histogram window open on the desktop (Figure 5-23).

Figure 5-23

Particle Histogram Window

5-30 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Total Concentration

Select the Total Concentration menu item when you want the Total
Concentration window open on the desktop (Figure 5-24).

Figure 5-24
Total Concentration Window

Software Operation 5-31

Instrument Status <Ctrl><I>

This menu item is available at all times. You do not need to have a data file
open in order to view instrument status. When you select the Instrument
Status menu item, a dialog window opens detailing the status of the
instrument as in Figure 5-25. This dialog will attempt to connect to the
instrument if necessary. The Instrument Status dialog reads instrument
status values once per second and updates the values for each item
shown. Table 5-3 describes each of the parameters and buttons on this
dialog.

5-32 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Figure 5-25
Instrument Status

Parameter

Description

Sheath Flow

Volumetric flow rate of the particle free sheath air flow in
liter per minutes.

Sample Flow

Volumetric flow rate of the sample flow, in liter per
minutes. Sample flow plus extraction flow equals the
aerosol inlet flow.

Extraction Flow

Volumetric flow rate of the extraction flow in liter per
minutes.

Charger Flow

Volumetric flow rate of the particle free charger sheath
air in liter per minutes.

Internal Pressure

Absolute pressure in the sizing column in millibar. Used
for the volumetric flow calculation.

Column Voltage 1-3.

Voltage on the center electrode sections in Volt.
Column Voltage 1 = Top Section
Column Voltage 2 = Middle Section
Column Voltage 3 = Bottom Section

Sheath Temp.

Temperature of the particle free sheath air flow in
degree Celsius before it enters the sizing column.

Neg. Charger Current
and Voltage

Ion current of the negative charger in nano Ampere.
Voltage at the charger needle in Volts.

Pos. Charger Current
and Voltage

Ion current of the positive charger in nano Ampere.
Voltage at the charger needle in Volts.

External Inputs

Analog 1

Voltage of the external analog input Analog In CH1 in
Volts.

Analog 2

Voltage of the external analog input Analog In CH2 in
Volts.

Trigger channel 1

Status of the external Trigger IN (On or OFF)

External Outputs

Analog Out

Activates the Analog Output Settings Dialog. The
Analog Out button is only displayed if the Model 3090
EEPS spectrometer has the analog out option.

Note: The Instrument Status Dialog is inactive while the
Analog Out dialog is displayed.

Controls

Neg. Charger

Use this push button to turn on/off the negative charger.

Pos. Charger

Use this push button to turn on/off the positive charger.

Column Heater

Use this push button to turn on/off the column heater.
Turn the heater on when the instrument is in a cool (i.e.,
air conditioned) environment and sampling from a warm,
humid environment to prevent condensation that could
cause the electrometers to become noisy. Normally, the
heater should be turned off unless needed.

Flow Control

Use this push button to turn on/off the flow control.

Analyzer Voltages

Use this push button to turn on/off the analyzer
voltages.

Table 5-3
Instrument Status Parameters

Software Operation 5-33

Parameter

Description

Electrometers

Electrometer Offsets
and RMS

Press this button to open a window which will display the
offsets and RMS values for each of the electrometer
channels (see Figure 5-26).

Zero the Electrometers

Pressing this button will start the process of zeroing the
electrometers on the instrument (see Figure 5-27 to
Figure 5-29).

more >> or <<less

Press this button to expand or contract the dialog. See
Figure 5-30.

Figure 5-26

Electrometer Offsets and RMS Screen

5-34 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

When the Zero the Electrometers... button is pressed, the following
message box is displayed (Figure 5-27). To continue with the zeroing
procedure, select the Yes button. Refer to the "Troubleshooting" section in
Chapter 6 which discusses this procedure and some possible reasons for
doing a zero on the instrument.

Figure 5-27
Zero Electrometer Function Dialog Box

If you answer “Yes” to continue, the zeroing procedure will start. A

progress dialog will display while the zeroing is taking place. The zeroing
takes approximately 45 seconds.

Figure 5-28

Zero Electrometers Progress Dialog Box

Software Operation 5-35

When the zeroing is complete, you will see a message window like this:

Figure 5-29

Zero Electrometers Zeroing Complete

5-36 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Figure 5-30

Instrument Status Expanded

When the instrument status dialog is expanded (>>more button is
pressed), a graph showing current particle concentration similar to the
instrument front panel is displayed. Control the data displayed in the graph
in the following ways:

 Press the Start Sampling button to begin sampling. The graph will

begin updates of current particle concentration once per second.

 Linear or Log button: Click on each of the buttons to toggle between

the two y-axis scales.

 dN/dlogDp or Number button: Click on each of the buttons to toggle

between the two display units.

 Concentration or Electrometer Current button: Click on each of the

buttons to toggle between these data types sampled from the
instrument.

 Press the Stop Sampling button to stop sampling and the instrument

status display will resume updates to the status values on the left side
of the dialog.

 Use the <<less button to contract the dialog back to its original size.

Analog Out

The Analog Output Setup dialog displays the output voltage and the EEPS
Model 3090 Analog Out settings. If the dialog is active, it shows the current
3090 settings. If the current document is an old data file with Analog Data
included, the Properties | Analog Out Tab will display the Model 3090
EEPS Analog Out settings state at the time the EEPS data file was
created. If the Analog Out dialog is accessed from the Instrument Status
dialog, it will always be active and display/adjust the current Model 3090
settings. If the Model 3090 does not have the Analog Out option or the
data file was taken with a Model 3090 without the Analog Out feature, the
Analog Out dialog will not be available. The information entered is
immediately sent to the Model 3090 when data entry is completed. For
direct entry, this is after the Enter key, Esc key, or Tab key is pressed.
Invalid entries will leave the previous value for that field unchanged.

Note: Cancel does not restore the Model 3090 EEPS spectrometer to any

previous state. The Model 3090 Instrument Analog Out settings
have already been updated by the time Cancel is pressed.

 Save these Settings… button. Brings up a file dialog box where all of

the values currently set will be saved in a Settings (*.set) file that can
be used later to restore the Model 3090 settings back to the current
settings.

 Load Settings from a File… button. Brings up a file dialog box where

previous Model 3090 settings can be used to restore the Model 3090
settings back to a previous saved state. File type is *.set.

Software Operation 5-37

Voltage
Range

Select the voltage range for analog outputs. Either 0–5 volts or
0-10 volts.

lin/log

Select whether the channel will display the analog voltage response
linearly proportional to concentration (lin) or with a logarithmic (Log)
response characteristic.

ngeSelectioVoltageRan

MinConcMaxConc

MinConcncparticleCo

V(lin) 







geSelecionVoltageRan

c)Log(MinConc)Log(MaxCon

)LN(MinConceConc)LN(particl

V(Log) 







dN
dN/dlogDp

Select whether the channel will display the analog voltage response
“normalized” dN/dLog(Dp) or non-normalized (dN) over the
selected particle size range. dLog(Dp) = Log(MaxConc) –
Log(MinConc).

Min/Max Dp

Spin Control but values can be entered manually. The Maximum
Value is 562.300, minimum is 5.624.

Power Dn

The Maximum Value is 10, minimum is 0.0000.

 Weighting symbols. These are used to represent three predefined

values: Number(1), Surface(3.1416), and Volume(.5236).

Figure 5-31

Analog Out Setup

5-38 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Weighting

The Maximum Value is 1e38, minimum is 0.0000. If 0.000, output
will be 0.000.

Density

The Maximum Value is 1000, minimum is 0.0000. If 0.000, output
will be 0.000.

Min/Max
Conc.

Spin Control but values can be entered manually. The Maximum
Value is 1e38, minimum is 0.000 lin or 0.001 log.

Avrg Time

Value is in integer seconds. The Maximum Value is 10, minimum is

1.

Analog Out
(Volts)

Display of Scaled analog voltage out of the EEPS Model 3090
based on the selected channel settings.

Toolbars

Select View|Toolbars to display or hide the toolbars that appear on the
desktop. Each toolbar is illustrated below:

Main Toolbar

Color and Font Toolbar

The Color and Font toolbar will be displayed if it was displayed the last
time you ran the EEPS software. Select View|Toolbars|Color and Font
Toolbar to display the color and font toolbar.

To view what each icon button does, position the cursor on the icon. A
balloon appears to describe the function of the icon.

To move a toolbar, position the cursor on a gap between two icons and
press and hold the left mouse button. As you move the mouse, the toolbar
moves with it. When you release the mouse button, the toolbar remains
where it is.

Software Operation 5-39

Window Menu

Use the Window menu items (Figure 5-32) to select your window layout,
close all windows, and open, close and arrange the windows on your
desktop. Refer to your Windows® documentation, if necessary, for an
example of what the cascade, tile horizontal, and tile vertical
commands do.

Figure 5-32
Window Menu

5, 4, 3, and 2 Pane Layout

These menu items and toolbar buttons are intended to provide a shortcut
to viewing and sizing each of the windows within the bounds of the desktop
in a convenient layout. Each of these window layout selections correspond
to toolbar buttons:

5 Pane Layout displays the Run View, Particle Table, Particle
Histogram, Total Concentration Graph and the 3D graph. Each window is
sized so that all five panes fit on the desktop.

4 Pane Layout displays the Run View, Particle Table, Particle
Histogram, and the 3D graph. Each window is sized so that all four panes
fit on the desktop.

3 Pane Layout displays the Run View, Particle Histogram, and 3D
graph. Each window is sized so that all three panes fit on the desktop.

2 Pane Layout displays the Run View and Particle Histogram. Each
window is sized so that both panes fit on the desktop.

5-40 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Close All

Closes all the windows on the desktop.

Help Menu

The Help menu (Figure 5-33) provides access to information about the
program.

Figure 5-33
Help Menu

Help Manual

Select Help Manual to open a PDF file of this manual. Adobe® Acrobat®
Reader must be installed on your computer to view the manual. The PDF
file of the manual is searchable and printable.

About EEPS Software

Select About EEPS Software to see the copyright statement for the
program and view the version number of the software.

Context-Sensitive M enus

To access context-sensitive menus, also called “popup menus,” click the
right mouse button when the cursor is in an active window. Each window
has a popup menu as shown below. The table following each popup menu
describes where to find a description of that menu item.

Run View Popup Menu

Figure 5-34

Run View Popup Menu

Software Operation 5-41

Menu Item

For a description, see ...

Concentration Scale ...

Format Menu

Show Max Concentration Value

Below

Set Analog Scale

Below

Analog Input Labels...

Below

Font...

Format Menu

Copy

View Menu

Undo Zoom

Format Menu

Print

File Menu

Print Preview

File Menu

Properties

File Menu

Show Max Concentration Value

Select this option or press <Ctrl><M> in the Run View and the software
will select and display the time window corresponding to the maximum
concentration value recorded for the current averaging interval.

Set Analog Scale

Select Set Analog Scale to open a dialog box (Figure 5-35) that lets you
enter new values for the minimum and maximum Y values for the analog
input data. You may enter a new value for the Min Y and or the Max Y.

5-42 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Figure 5-35

Set Y Scale for Analog Graph Dialog Box

Menu Item

For a description, see ...

Units

Below

Load Density Values...

Below

Save Density Values...

Below

Color...

Format Menu

Font...

Format Menu

Copy

View Menu

Print

File Menu

Print Preview

File Menu

Analog Input Labels

Select Analog Input Labels to open a dialog box (Figure 5-36) that lets
you enter new labels for the analog inputs that are displayed in the analog
graph in the lower section of the Run View window. Enter any text up to
47 characters.

Figure 5-36
Enter Analog Input Labels Dialog Box

Particle Table Popup Menu

Figure 5-37

Particle Table Popup Menu

Units

dNdlogDp or Concentration: select either of these two display units.

Software Operation 5-43

Load Density Values...

Select Load Density Values to load previously saved density values from
a text file. When you select this menu item, a Load Density File dialog box
opens. Navigate to the file you want to use and select Open. The density
values are read and displayed in the density column of the table. Density
values are saved with the data file.

Save Density Values...

Select Save Density Values to save the current density values to a file for
later use. When you select this menu item, a Save Density Values to a File
dialog box opens. Enter a file name and select Save. The current values in
the density column are written to this file.

Concentration Histogram and Total Concentration
Popup Menus

The menu items for the popup menus for the Concentration Histogram and
Total Concentration windows (Figure 5-38) are the same except
Concentration Scale or View Boundaries cannot be selected from the Total
Concentration Graph popup menu. This is because the data in the Total
Concentration Graph window is always auto-scaled and represents totals
for all channels. You can only change the scale type in the Total
Concentration Graph window between logarithmic and linear using the
toolbar button.

5-44 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

A B

Figure 5-38

Concentration Histogram (A) and Total Concentration (B) Popup Menus

Menu Item

For a description, see ...

Concentration Scale...

Format Menu

Weight

Below

View Boundaries

Below

Graph Type

Below

Grid Lines

Below

Color...

Format Menu

Font...

Format Menu

Copy

View Menu

Print

File Menu

Print Preview

File Menu

View Units

Description

Number

Number represents the total number of particles per unit
volume of air sampled (i.e., number concentration expressed
as #/cm3). Number concentration is the primary measurement
of the Model 3090 EEPS system. The sensor is sensitive to the
number of particles in the aerosol sample as opposed to the
particle mass, color, shape, composition or other characteristic.
The distributions of diameter, surface area, volume or mass
concentrations of the particles are calculated based on the
particle number distribution.

The number concentration, dN, measured by the Model 3090
is the concentration of particles in a given channel. The
normalized concentration dN/dlogDp is the number
concentration of each channel multiplied by the number of
channels per decade (16).

Surface

Surface represents the total surface area of the particles per
unit volume of air sampled (i.e., surface area concentration
expressed as nm2/cm3). The surface area concentration
calculation assumes that all the particles are perfect spheres.

Surface area concentration is calculated by:
dS = dN   D

p

2

,

where Dp is the geometric midpoint of the particle size channel.

Weight

Use the Weight menu to choose how to “weight” the units that are
displayed.

The options are number, surface, volume, and mass.

Figure 5-39

Weight Menu

The currently selected weighting is marked with a checkmark. Table 5-4
gives a description of each unit.

Table 5-4

Weight Options

Software Operation 5-45

View Units

Description

Volume

Volume represents the total volume of the particles per unit
volume of air sampled (i.e., volume concentration expressed
as nm3/cm3). The volume concentration calculation assumes
that all the particles are perfect spheres.

Volume concentration is calculated by:
dV = dN  (/6)D

p

3

,

where Dp is the geometric midpoint of the particle size channel.

Mass

Mass represents the total mass of the particles per unit volume
of air sampled (i.e., mass concentration expressed as µg/cm3).
The mass concentration calculation assumes that all the
particles are perfect spheres with the density defined in the
density column of the Particle table for each channel.

Mass concentration is calculated by:
dM = dN  (/6)D

p

3



where Dp is the geometric midpoint of the particle size channel
and  is the density. This quantity is related to Volume
concentration by the simple factor 

In many of the tables, the values for all four weightings are supplied in
tabular format.

Note: Surface, Mass and Volume weighting calculations assume that all

the particles are spherical. Mass calculations use the density
defined in the particle table for each channel. However,
comparisons to methods that measure particle surface, volume or
mass directly may give results different from those calculated by the
software.

View Boundaries

Select View Boundaries to display the channel view boundaries in the
graph window. After you select View Boundaries, drag view boundaries
by positioning the cursor on the boundary, clicking the left mouse button,
and dragging the boundary to a new location.

Graph Type

Select Graph Type to select the type of graph to display in the active
window. The options are bar, line, or area.

Grid Lines

Select Grid Lines to select the lines for the graph in the active window.
The options are horizontal, vertical, both or none.

5-46 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

Menu Item

For a description, see ...

Concentration Scale...

Format Menu

Graph Type

Below

Color...

Format Menu

Font...

Format Menu

Copy

View Menu

Print

File Menu

Print Preview

File Menu

3D Particle Concentration Popup Menu

Figure 5-40
3D Particle Concentration Popup Menu

Graph Type

Select Graph Type to select the type of graph to display in the active
window. The options are 3D Bar or Waterfall.

Status Bar Icons

A status bar at the bottom of the desktop displays information about the
current run as described below.

Software Operation 5-47

Icon/Text

Description

Matrix
Name

Name of the matrix currently configured on the instrument for new
runs or, the name of the matrix used to calculate the concentration
data for the current file. Refer to the description for the
Run|Properties dialog.

Dilution
Factor

The current dilution factor. This is set in the Run|Properties dialog.

Attention. Errors conditions were detected during the run. Move the
mouse over the icon to view the tool tip which displays the error
text. See Chapter 6 for a complete description of instrument errors
that may be reported here.

Instrument status information. Move the mouse over the icon to
view instrument status information saved for this run.

The run completed without errors.

Shortcut Keys

Key(s)

Action for EEPS Sensor

F1

Help; opens the help manual (PDF file)

F10

Start Data Collection

Ctrl C

Copy current view to clipboard

Ctrl I

Opens Instrument Status window

Ctrl N

Open a New document

Ctrl O

Open a document

Ctrl P

Print current view

P

Print current view

Ctrl S

Save As

Ctrl W

Close current file

Z

Undo Zoom in graph

Shortcut keys and key combinations can be used to perform operations
using only the keyboard (no mouse required).

5-48 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer

C a u t i o n

In general, if the instrument is functioning properly (sizing particles
correctly compared to a standard, and without excessive noise),
cleaning is not recommended—it can lead to leaks or damage if not
done correctly.

C H A P T E R 6

General Care,
Troubleshooting and
Service

This chapter is written for a service technician with skill in both electronics
and mechanics. Static preventative measures should be observed when
handling any printed circuit board connectors.

The Model 3090 Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer™ (EEPS™) spectrometer is
designed for many hours of maintenance-free operation. This chapter
describes basic care of the instrument, some troubleshooting suggestions,
and provides information on where to go for service.

The Model 3090 is a complex instrument. Feel free to contact TSI prior to
any maintenance procedure or for general questions regarding engine
emission sampling. Read through the entire section and make sure all the
tools necessary are available before starting to disassemble the instrument.

Basic Care of the E ngine Exhaus t Particle
Sizer Spectrometer

Table 6-1 provides a general indication of the maintenance requirements. In
applications where high concentrations may be generated, maintenance is
required more often.

6-1

Maintenance

Frequency

Remove the cyclone cover and clean interior surfaces
(especially the wall opposite the inlet nozzle).

100 hours of operation or as needed
Check/clean the charger electrodes.

100 hours of operation

Clean the column and outer electrode.
Clean the high voltage column and sensing electrodes.

500 hours of operation

Replace the manifold filter cartridges.

>6000 hours of operation or as needed

Replace the pump filter cartridges.

>6000 hours of operation or as needed

Table 6-1
Maintenance Schedule

Cleaning the Cyclon e

To help maintain the instrument at peak performance, use the cyclone
whenever you take measurements. The cyclone removes particles greater
than those measured by the EEPS spectrometer and improves
measurement accuracy by eliminating multiple charged particles behaving
as smaller particles. The cyclone also reduces the particle load on filters
and the accumulation of particles on interior surfaces of the charger column.

Clean the cyclone prior to the start of testing. When cleaning, refer to the
illustration of the cyclone in Figure 2-2.

To clean the cyclone:

1. Separate the cyclone from the SS union fitting by loosening the hex
nuts.

2. Remove the cyclone’s removable base by turning it counterclockwise.

3. Use compressed air to blow out the interior surfaces and rinse it in
isopropyl alcohol, acetone, or water.

4. Examine the interior inlet orifice to make sure it is clear.

5. Dry the parts thoroughly, and add a very light coating of oil or grease to
the bottom sides of the cyclone. This will increase its collection
efficiency especially for fibers.

6. Reassemble and reinstall the cyclone.

6-2 Model 3090/3090AK Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM Spectrometer