Trimble 4700 Operation Manual

4700.bk Page i Tuesday, December 21, 1999 11:26 AM

4700 Receiver

Operation Manual

Version 1.0
Part Number 36238-00
Revision B
December 1998

Trimble Navigation Limited
Land Survey Division
645 North Mary Avenue
P.O. Box 3642
Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3642
U.S.A.

1-800-827-8000 in North America
[phone] International
Fax: [phone]
www.trimble.com

4700.bk Page ii Tuesday, December 21, 1999 11:26 AM

Trimble Navigation Europe Limited
Trimble House, Meridian Offic e Park
Osborn Way, Hook
Hampshire RG27 9HX
ENGLAND
[phone]
Fax: [phone]
Voicemail: [phone]

Trimble Navigation Singapore PTE Limited
79 Anson Road
# 05-02
Singapore 079906
SINGAPORE
[phone]
Fax: [phone]
Voicemail: [phone]

Trimble Japan K.K.
Sumitomo Hamama tsu -cho, Building 10F
1-18-16 Hamamatsu-cho Minato-ku
Tokyo 105
JAPAN
[phone]
Fax: [phone]

Trimble Navigation New Zealand Limited
11 Birmingham Drive
P.O. Box 8729 Riccarton
Christchurch
NEW ZEALAND
[phone]
Fax: [phone]

Copyright

© 1998 Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be
copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine­readable form without prior written consent from Trimble Navigation Limited.

Printed in the United States of America. Printed on recycled paper.

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Release Notice

This is the December 1998 release, Revision B of the 4700 Receiver Operation Manual, part
number 36238-00. It applies to version 1.0 of the firmware.

Trademarks

Trimble and the Trimble logo, Series 4000, 4700, GPS Total Station, GPSurvey, PowerLiTE,
Survey Controller, Trimble Surv ey Office, TRIMNET Plus, TSC1, TSIP, and WAVE are
trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited. Microsoft, MS-DOS, Windows, Windows 95, and
Windows NT are registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Intel is a
trademark of Intel Corporation. All other brand names are trademarks of their respective
holders.

Disclaimer of Warranty

E

XCEPT AS INDICATED IN

F

IRMWARE AND DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND WITHOUT EXPRESS OR LIMITED
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND BY EITHER TRIMBLE NAVIGATION LIMITED OR ANYONE WHO HAS
BEEN INVOLVED IN ITS CREATION, PRODUCTION, OR DISTRIBUTION INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE

H

ARDWARE
NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO THE ABOVE EXCLUSION MAY NOT
APPLY TO YOU

. THE

ENTIRE RISK, AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE TRIMBLE

, S

OFTWARE

.

“L

IMITED WARRANTY” HEREIN

, F

IRMWARE AND DOCUMENTATION, IS WITH YOU

, T

RIMBLE HARDWARE

, S

OFTWARE

. S

OME STATES DO

,

Limitation of Liability

I

N NO EVENT WILL TRIMBLE NAVIGATION LIMITED OR ANY PERSON INVOLVED IN THE
CREATION, PRODUCTION, OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE TRIMBLE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE TO YOU ON
ACCOUNT OF ANY CLAIM FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY LOST PROFITS, LOST SAVINGS
OR OTHER SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO ANY DAMAGES ASSESSED AGAINST OR PAID BY YOU TO ANY THIRD PARTY
RISING OUT OF THE USE, LIABILITY TO USE, QUALITY OR PERFORMANCE OF SUCH TRIMBLE

S

OFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF TRIMBLE NAVIGATION LIMITED OR ANY SUCH
PERSON OR ENTITY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGES, OR FOR ANY CLAIM
BY ANY OTHER PARTY
LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES SO, THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY
NOT APPLY TO YOU

. S

OME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF

.

,

,

4700.bk Page iv Tuesday, December 21, 1999 11:26 AM

Software and Firmware Limited Warranty

Trimble Navigation Limited warrants that Software and Firmware products will substantially
conform to the published specifications provided it is used with the Trimble products,
computer products, and op erating s ystem for which it was designed. Fo r a period of ninety (90)
days, commencing thirty (30) days after shipment from T r i mble, T r imbl e also warrants that the
magnetic media on which Software and Firmware are distributed and the documentation are
free from defects in materials and workmanship. During the ninety (90) day warranty period,
Trimble will replace def ect ive media or documentation, or correct substantial pro gram errors at
no charge. If Trimble is unable to replace defective media or documentation, or correct
program errors, Trimble will refund the price paid for The Software. These are your sole
remedies for any breach in warranty.

Hardware Limited Warranty

Trimble Navigation Limited products are warranted against defects in material and
workmanship for a period of one year. The warranty period shall commence thirty (30) days
after shipment from Trimble’s factory. Warranty service will be provided at a designated
Trimble Service Cente r. Trimble will at its option either repair or replace products that prove to
be defective. The Customer shall pay all shipping charges for products returned to Trimble for
warranty service. Trimble shall pay all shipping charges for the return of products to the
Customer.

The above warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from:

1. Improper or inadequate maintenance by the buyer

2. Buyer-supplied software or interfacing

3. Unauthorized modification or misuse

4. Operation outside of the environmental specifications of the product

5. Improper installation, w here applicable

6. Lightning or other electrical discharge

7. Fresh or salt water immersion or spray

8. Normal wear and tear on consumable parts (for example, batteries)
No other warranty is expressed or implied. Trimble Navigation Limited specifically disclaims

the implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose and merchantability.

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Contents

Preface

Scope and Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii

Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii

Related Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix

Release Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix

Update Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xx

Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xx

World Wide Web (WWW) Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xx

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Site . . . . . . . . . . . . .xx

Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxi

Reader Comment Form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxii

Document Conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxii

Warnings, Cautions, Notes, and Tips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxiii

1 GPS Surveying Concepts

1.1 Number of Visible Satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

1.2 Elevation Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

1.3 Logging Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

1.4 Environmental Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

1.5 GPS versus Conventional Surveying Techniques . . . . . . . . . .1-4

1.5.1 Postprocessed Surveys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5

1.5.2 Real-Time Kinematic Surveys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5

1.5.3 GPS Surveying Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

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Contents

1.6 Design of GPS Surveys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8

1.7 Postprocessed Surveying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11

1.7.1 Static Surveying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11

1.7.2 FastStatic Surveying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13

FastStatic versus Static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13

FastStatic using a TSC1 Handheld Controller. . . . . . .1-14

FastStatic versus Kinematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-15

1.8 Sample Field Survey - Postprocessed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-16

1.8.1 FastStatic Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-16

2 General Operation

2.1 The 4700 Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

2.2 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

2.3 Indicator LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

2.4 Port Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

2.5 GPS Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-11

2.5.1 Micro-centered Antenna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-11

2.5.2 Antenna Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-11

2.6 Radio Link Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12

2.6.1 Power In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12

2.6.2 Power Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13

2.6.3 External Power Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14

Restarting the Survey After Power-Down. . . . . . . . .2-15

2.6.4 Charging the Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-16

2.7 Data Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-17

2.7.1 Data Download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-18

Backing Up Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-19

Deleting Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-19

2.7.2 Clearing RAM and File Syste . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-20

2.8 Software and Firmware Version Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . .2-20

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2.9 Operating Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-21

2.10 Internal Radio (Optional). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-22

2.11 Use and Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-22

2.12 COCOM Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-23

3 Pre-Survey Planning

3.1 Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

3.2 Site Reconnaissance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

3.3 Network Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

3.4 Survey Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4

Contents

3.4.1 Project Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4

3.4.2 Check Satellite Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5

4 In the Field - Control Surveying

4.1 Postprocessed Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2

4.2 Control Surveying Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

4.2.1 Static Surveying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

4.2.2 FastStatic Surveying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4

4.3 Measuring Antenna Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5

4.3.1 Fixed-Height Tripod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7

4.4 FastStatic Surveying Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-8

4.4.1 Required Equipment and Software . . . . . . . . . . . .4-8

4.4.2 Setting Up the Equipment and Running the Surve . . . .4-8

4.4.3 Using the 4700 Receiver with a Rangepole . . . . . . . .4-11

4.4.4 Making an Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13

4.4.5 Minimum Observation Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15

4.5 Static Surveying Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-16

4.5.1 Equipment and Software Required . . . . . . . . . . . .4-16

4.5.2 Setting Up the Equipment and Running the Surve . . . .4-17

4.5.3 Static Survey Times and Distances . . . . . . . . . . . .4-17

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Contents

5 Back in the Office - Postprocessing the Field Data

5.1 Open a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

5.2 Download the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

5.3 Check In and Verify the Field Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4

5.4 Back Up the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5

5.5 Process the Baselines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5

5.6 View the Baseline Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5

5.7 Adjust the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6

5.7.1 Create Project Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6

6 In the Field - Real-Time Kinematic Surveying

6.1 Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Surveying Description. . . . . . . . .6-2

6.1.1 RTK Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-3

6.2 RTK Base Receiver Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4

6.2.1 Site Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4

6.2.2 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-5

6.2.3 Connecting the Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-6

6.2.4 Connecting the Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7

6.2.5 Connecting the Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-8

6.2.6 Connecting the TSC1 Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-8

6.3 RTK Rover Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-9

6.3.1 Site Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-10

6.3.2 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-11

6.3.3 Connecting the Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-12

6.3.4 Connecting an External Radio to the 4700 Receiver . . .6-13

6.3.5 Connecting the Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-13

6.3.6 Connecting the TSC1 Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-14

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A Typical Conf igurations

A.1 Base Station Static/FastStatic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1

A.2 Rover Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5

A.3 Preparing to Download Field Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-8

A.3.1 Office Download. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-8

A.3.2 Field Download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-9

A.4 External Power Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-10

A.4.1 Office Support Module IV (OSM IV) . . . . . . . . . . .A-10

A.4.2 Camcorder Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-10

Contents

A.4.3 6 AH battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-10

A.4.4 10 AH battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-11

A.4.5 Other Trimble Power Supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-11

A.5 GPS Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-12

A.5.1 Micro-centered Antenna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-12

A.5.2 Compact L1/L2 antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-13

A.5.3 Machine/Permanent Mount L1/L2 Antenna. . . . . . . .A-14

B Specifications
C NMEA-0183 Output

C.1 Message Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1

C.1.1 Fields and Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2

C.1.2 Latitude and Longitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2

C.1.3 Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2

C.1.4 Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-3

C.2 Supported Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-3

C.2.1 GGA: Time, Global Pasitioning System Fix Data Position,

and Fix Related Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-4

C.2.2 GST Position Error Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-5

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Contents

C.2.3 GSV: Number of SVs In View, PRN Numbers, Elevation,

Azimuth and SNR Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-6

C.2.4 PTNL,GGK: Time, Position, Position Type, DOP . . . .C-7

C.2.5 PTNL, SYNC: Time, Position, Position Type, DOP, and

Ellipsoidal Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-8

C.2.6 PTNL,PJK: Local Coordinate Position Output . . . . . .C-9

C.2.7 PTNL,PJT: Projection Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-10

C.2.8 VGK: PTNL, VGK Vector Information . . . . . . . . . .C-10

C.2.9 VHD: PTNL, VHD Heading Information . . . . . . . . .C-11

C.2.10 VTG: Actual Track Made Good Over and

Speed Over Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-12

C.2.11 ZDA: UTC Day, Month, And Year, and

Local Time Zone Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-13

D Event Marker Input and One Pulse Per Second (1PPS)

Output Option

D.1 Event Marker Option Summary Description . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1

D.2 1PPS Option Summary Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1

D.3 Port 2 Pinout Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-2

D.4 Event Marker/1PPS Cable (PN 36451-00) Description . . . . . . .D-3

D.5 Event Marker Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-5

D.5.1 Using Remote Controller to Enable and

Configure Event Marker Input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-5

D.5.2 Using Configuration Toolbox to Cr eate an

Application File to Enable and Configure 4700

with Event Marker Input Capability. . . . . . . . . . . .D-7

D.6 One Pulse Per Second Output (1PPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-9

D.6.1 1PPS Pulse Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-9

D.6.2 ASCII Time Tag Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-11

D.6.3 Using Remote Control ler to Enable and Configure

1PPS Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-12

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D.6.4 Using Configuration Toolbox to Cr eate an

Application File to Enable and Configure 4700

to Output 1PPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-14

E Remote Controller Software

E.1 Installing the Remote Controller Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E-2

E.1.1 Installing Remote Controller From a Floppy Disk . . . .E-2

E.1.2 Installing Remote Controller From a C . . . . . . . . .E-2

E.1.3 Installing Remote Controller From the Internet . . . . . .E-3

E.2 Using the Remote Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E-4

Contents

E.3 Menu Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E-5

E.4 Softkeys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E-5

E.5 ALPHA Key and Carousels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E-6

E.6 Entering Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E-7

E.7 Keyboard and Display Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E-8

E.8 Remote Controller Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E-8

F Configuration Toolbox

F.1 Installing the Configuration Toolbox Software. . . . . . . . . . . .F-2

F.1.1 Installing Configuration Toolbox From a

Floppy Diskette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F-2

F.1.2 Installing Configuration Toolbox From a CD . . . . . . .F-2

F.1.3 Installing Configuration Toolbox From the Internet. . . .F-3

F.2 Using Configuration Toolbox Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F-3

F.2.1 Configuring Your 4700 Receiver Using

Configuration Toolbox. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F-4

F.2.2 Configuration Toolbox On-Line Help . . . . . . . . . . .F-5

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Contents

G Using WinFLASH

G.1 Installing the WinFLASH Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G-2

G.1.1 Installing WinFLASH From a Floppy Diskette . . . . . .G-2

G.1.2 Installing WinFLASH From a CD. . . . . . . . . . . . .G-2

G.1.3 Installing WinFLASH From the Internet . . . . . . . . .G-3

G.2 Using WinFLASH: An Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G-4

H Using the CommSet Utility

H.1 Installing the CommSet Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H-1

H.1.1 Installing CommSet From a Floppy Diskette . . . . . . .H-2

H.1.2 Installing CommSet From a CD. . . . . . . . . . . . . .H-2

H.1.3 Installing CommSet From the Internet . . . . . . . . . .H-3

H.2 CommSet Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H-3

H.3 Radio Modem Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H-5

I Office Support Module (OSM IV)

I.1 Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-2

I.2 Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-2

I.3 Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-3

I.4 Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-3

I.5 Powering the 4700 Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-4

I.6 Charging Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-5

I.7 Status Indicator Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-6

I.8 Data I/O Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-6

I.9 Deep Discharged Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-6

J Troubleshooting

Index

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List of Figures

Figure 1-1 Network Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Figure 1-2 Radial Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Figure 1-3 Control Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

Figure 1-4 Base at 1, FastStatic Data Logging Session . . . . . . . . 1-17

Figure 1-5 Base at 3, FastStatic Data Logging Session . . . . . . . . 1-17

Figure 2-1 4700 Receiver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Figure 2-2 4700 Control Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Figure 2-3 4700 Rear Panel Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

Figure 2-4 Serial Ports and Icons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

Figure 2-5 7-Pin Small Shell Lemo Receiver Ports . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

Figure 2-6 OSM IV Charger, with 6Ah and Camcorder Batteries . . . . 2-16

Figure 2-7 Standard Configuration for Data Download . . . . . . . . 2-18

Figure 4-1 Measuring the Antenna Height Using a Measuring Rod and

Conventional Tripod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

Figure 4-2 Typical Setup Using A 4700 Receive r, For Static and

FastStatic Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

Figure 4-3 Locating the Antenna with a Clear View of the Sky . . . . . 4-10

Figure 4-4 Using a Rangepole With the 4700 Receiver . . . . . . . . 4-12

Figure 5-1 Standard Configuration for Data Download . . . . . . . . 5-3

Figure 6-1 Connecting the Hardware to the 4700 Base Receiver Ports . . 6-5
Figure 6-2 Connecting t h e Ha rdw a re to the 4700 Rover Receiver Ports

(Internal Radio) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11

Figure A-1 4700 Configuration for Static or FastStatic Survey with a

Conventional Tripod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

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List of Figures

Figure A-2 4700 Base Station Configuration for an RTK Survey . . . . A-4

Figure A-3 4700 RTK Rover Configuration with Backpack . . . . . . A-6

Figure A-4 Cable Connections for an RTK Survey . . . . . . . . . . A-7

Figure A-5 Downloading Field Data Using the OSM IV Charger Unit . . A-8

Figure A-6 Field Download Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9

Figure D-1 Port 2 Pinout Connector Diagra . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2

Figure D-2 Event Marker Input/1PPS Output Cable . . . . . . . . . D-3

Figure D-3 Remote Controller Event Marker Display . . . . . . . . . D-6

Figure D-4 Configuration File Event Marker Creation Screen. . . . . . D-7

Figure D-5 Time Tag Relation to 1 PPS Wave For . . . . . . . . . D-9

Figure D-6 Remote Controller 1PPS Output Display . . . . . . . . . D-12

Figure D-7 Configuration File Device - 1PPS Enable Screen . . . . . . D-14

Figure D-8 Configuration File Output - 1PPS Screen . . . . . . . . . D-15

Figure E-1 Simulated 4700 Receiver Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . E-4

Figure E-2 RTK Base Station Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-7

Figure F-1 Configuration File Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-4

Figure H-1 CommSet Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-5

Figure H-2 Internal Radio Properties Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . H-6

Figure I-1 OSM IV Charger and Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1

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List of Tables

Table 1-1 Baseline Observation Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Table 2-1 4700 Indicator LED Data and Power Functions. . . . . . . 2-7

Table 2-2 4700 Port Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

Table 2-3 System Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21

Table 4-1 FastStatic Survey Point Occupation Times . . . . . . . . 4-15

Table A-1 Conventional Tripod Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

Table A-2 Optional Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2

Table A-3 Recommended Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2

Table A-4 Optional UHF Radio-Modem Equipment . . . . . . . . . A-4

Table A-5 Rangepole Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5

Table A-6 Optional Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5

Table A-7 Micro-centered Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-13

Table A-8 Antenna Cable Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-14

Table B-1 Static Survey Performance Accuracy (Postprocessed) . . . . B-1

Table B-2 Real-Time Kinematic Survey Performance Accuracy . . . . B-2

Table B-3 Post Processed Kinematic Survey Performance. . . . . . . B-2

Table B-4 4700 Receiver Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . B-2

Table B-5 4700 Receiver Technical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . B-3

Table B-6 4700 Receiver Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . B-3

Table B-7 4700 Receiver Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4

Table C-1 NMEA Message Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3

Table C-2 GGA Message Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4

Table C-3 GST Message Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-5

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List of Tables

Table C-4 GSV Message Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6

Table C-5 PTNL,GGK Message Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7

Table C-6 PTNL, SYNC Message Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-8

Table C-7 PTNL,PJK Message Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-9

Table C-8 PTNL,PJT Message Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-10

Table C-9 PTNL, VGK Message Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-10

Table C-10 PTNL, VHD Message Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-11

Table C-11 VTG Message Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-12

Table C-12 ZDA Message Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-13

Table D-1 Port 2 Pinout Functionality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2

Table D-2 Event Marker Input/1PPS Output Cable Pinouts . . . . . . D-4

Table E-1 Keyboard and Display Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . E-8

Table J-1 4700 Receiver Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-2

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Preface

Welcome to the 4700 Receiver Operation Manual. This manual

describes how to install, set up, and use the Trimble 4700 GPS

receiver.

Scope and Audience

Even if yo u have used other Global Positioning System (G PS)

products before , we rec o mmend that you s pend some time reading

this manual to learn about the special features of this product. If you

are not familiar with GPS, we suggest that you read the booklet GPS,

A Guide to the Next Utility that is available from Trimble Navigation

Limited.

We assume that y ou are familiar with Microsoft Windows, and know

how to use a mouse, select options from menus a nd dialog boxes,

make selections from lists, and use online Help. For a review of these

techniques, refer to your Windows documentation.

The following sections provide a guide to this manual, as well as to

other documentation that you may have received with this product.

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Preface

Organization

This man ual contai ns the following:

•

Chapter 1, GPS Surveying Concepts, provides an overview of
GPS surveying topics and the GPSurvey™ software as
related to the 4700 receive .

•

Chapter 2, General Operation, describes the general
operation and functionality of the 4700 receiver.

•

Chapter 3, Pre-Survey Planning, outlines the step s necessary
to plan a GPS survey project.

•

Chapter 4, In the Field - Control Surveying, contains a
summary of the steps involved in carrying out a GPS survey
project using control surveying methods.

•

Chapter 5, Back in the Office - Postprocessing the Field Data,
contains a s u m ma ry of the step s re qu ir ed for postprocessing
GPS survey dat a .

•

Chapter 6, In the Field - Real-Time Kinematic Surveying,
describes the steps involv ed in executing a GPS survey
project using real-time kinematic surveying methods.

•

Appendix A, Typi cal Configurations, contains the typical
configuration s for using the 4700 receiver in the field as well
as for download ing the field data.

•

•

•

xviii 4700 Receiver Operation Manual

Appendix B, Specifications, includes tables that contain
performance, physical, technical, electrical, and functional
specifications for the 4700 receiver.

Appendix C, NMEA-0183 Output, describe the various
NMEA messages, when output is enabled, that can be
produced to aid integration with other sensors.

Appendix D, Event Marker Input and One Pulse Per Second
(1PPS) Output Option, contains a descripti o n of the Event
Marker and 1 PPS Output, and how they interface with the
Port 2 pinout functionality.

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Preface

•

Appendix E, Remote Controller Software, provides an
overview of the Remote Controller software with the 4700
receiver.

•

Appendix F, Configuration Toolbox, describes

a Windows
application that provides a graphical user interface to
configure the 470 0 receivers.

•

Appendix G, Using WinFLASH, describes the software
package that communicates with Trimble products to perform
various functions s uc h as software and option upgrades as
well as certain diagnost ics.

•

Appendix H, Using the CommSet Utility, a communications
setup utility for co nfigur ing Trimbl e radio modem products.

•

Appendix I, Office Support Module (OSM IV), describes the
battery charger used for sealed lead-acid batteries in the
Trimble hardware.

•

Appendix J, Troubleshooting, contains informat ion about
troubleshooting the 4700 receiver.

Related Information

The following sections discuss other so urces of inform ation that
introduce, extend, or update this manual.

Release Notes

The release notes describe new features of the product, information
not included in the manuals, and any changes to the manuals.

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Preface

Update Notes

There is a warranty activation sheet with this product. Send it in to
automatical l y receive update notes as they become available. These
contain important information about software and hardware changes.
Contact your local Trimble Dealer for more information about the
support agreement contracts for software and firmware, and an
extended warranty program for hardware.

Other Information

This section lists source s th at provide other us e ful information.

World Wide Web (WWW) Site

For an interactive look at Trimble, visit our site on the World Wide
Web (http://www.trimble.com ) .

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Site

Use the Trimble FTP site to send files or to receive files such as
software patches, utilities, an d answers to freque nt ly asked questions
(FAQs). The address is ftp://ftp.trimble.com.

You can also access the FTP site from the Trimble World Wide Web
site (http://www.trimble.com/support/support.htm).

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Technical Ass istance

If you have a problem and cannot find the information you need in the
product do cumentation, contact your local dealer.

If you need further assistance, contact the Trimble Technical
Assistance Center (TAC) by phone, fax, or email. A support
technician can help determi ne the cause of t h e problem and prov ide
technical assistance.

To contact TAC:
Phone: +1-800-SOS-4TAC (North America)

Preface

[phone] (International)
Phones are answered from 6:00 am to 5.30 pm

Pacific Standard Time.
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
When you contact TAC, provide the following inform ation:

•

The Trimble product name, any software or firmware version
number(s), and if appropriate, the serial number.

•

Your specific question or problem.
Please detail background information, such as the

configuration of your data collector or receiver, and the exact
type, make, and confi guration of yo ur computer. If you have
received error mess a ges , ple as e specify the exact wo r ding.

If you need to sen d a da ta file wi th your inquiry, please compress the
file using PKZIP software by PKWARE, Inc., and name the file with
the extension .ZIP.

Use one of the following methods to send the file:

•

•

4700 Receiver Operation Manual xxi

Attach the file to your email inquiry
Put the file on the Trimble FTP site and include the file name

in your emai l inq uiry.

4700.bk Page xxii Tuesday, December 21, 1999 11:26 AM

Preface

Reader Comment Form

Thank you for purchasing this product. We would appreciate
feedback about the documentation. Use the reader comment form at
the back of this manual or, if this is not available, send comments and
suggestions to the address in the front. All comments and suggestions
become the property of Trimble Navigation Limited.

Document Conventions

Italics identify software menus, menu commands, dialog boxes, and
the dialo g box fields.

MALL CAPITALS

S

identify DOS commands, directories, filenames,

and filename extensions.
Courier represents messages printed on the screen.
Courier Bold represents information that you must type in a

software screen or window.

Helvetica Bold

identifies a software command button.

[Ctrl] is an example of a hardware function key that you must press on
a personal comput er (PC). If yo u must pres s more t han on e of t hese a t
the same time, this is represented by a plus sign, for example, [Ctrl] +
[C].

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Warnings, Cautions, Notes, and Tips

Warn in gs, cautions, notes, and tips draw attention to important
information and indicate its nature and purpose.

Preface

M
I

*
F

Warning –

injury or unrecoverable data loss.

Caution –

damage or software error.

Note –

to increase your knowledge, or guide your actions.

Tip –

can help you make better use of the product.

Warnings alert you to situations that could cause personal

Cautions alert you to situations that could cause hardware

Notes give additional significant informati on about the subject

Tips indicate a shortcut or other time- or labor-saving hint that

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Preface

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1 GPS Surveyi ng

This chapter provides an overview of GPS surveying topics and the
GPSurvey™ software as related to the 4700 receiv er. For a more
detailed explanation of GPS surveying, refer to the GPS Surveying
General Reference in the GPSurvey software documentation package.

Concepts

GPS surveying requires: the use of GPS hardware for data collection,
proper field data-collection procedures, and software to process the
field data and to generate the final product. It is n ot necessary to have
a thorough understanding of all of the principles of GPS to use it.
However, it is useful to become familiar with the basic GPS
terminolog y a nd procedures.

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based positioning
system
system provides all-weather, worldwide, 24-hour position and time
information. The satellites broadcast signals that can be tracked by
receivers for positioning and navigation pu r poses. The positioning
accuracy of GPS ranges from 100 meters to less than 1 centimeter,
depending upon the equipment and techniques used.

operated by th e U.S. Departm ent of Defense (DoD). This

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GPS Surveying Concepts

1.1 Number of Visible Satellites

The Global Positioning System is designed so that at least four
satellites are ab ove the loc al horizon at a ll times. Normally, there are
more than four satellites visible. Because the satellites are orbiting,
satellite geometry changes throughout the day, but generally repeats
from one day to the next. In general,
as possible. The number of sat ellites above the local horizon and the
relative position of t he satellites wit h respect to o ne another is
important. The ide al situation is to h ave as many satellites as possible
and to have a satellite in each quadrant of the sky and one directly
over the project area.

Low elevation satellites present problems for a GPS receiver. The
amount of atmo sp here that the GPS signa l s must travel through
increases for low elevation satellites, and this adversely affects the
GPS signal. These low elevation satellites have lower signal-to-noise
ratios, and signal multipath tends to be worse.

to track as ma ny sa te llites

plan

1

Satellite geom etry directly impacts the ability of the 4700 receiver to
initialize during an RTK survey. When the 4700 receiver is trying to
initialize for an RTK sur vey, at least 5 satellites must be visible. This
is because 4 sa te llites are a mathe matical minimum for initializat ion,
and the system cannot check itself with only 4 satellites. With data
from 5 satellites, there is some redundancy, or extra information in the
computation for internal checking. The more satellites available, the
faster the 4700 receiver can initialize.

1.2 E levation Mask

The Elevation Mask is the cutoff angle for satellite tracking. The
receiver ignores satellites below the Elevation Mask. The default
Elevation Mask when surveying with the 4700 receiver is 13°, which
works well for most sites.

1-2 4700 Receiver Operation Manual

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1

1.3 Logging Rate

The default logging rate for the 4700 receiver is 15 seconds. This is
considered the optimal epoc h interval for Static and FastStatic data
collection . T o increase precision, incr ea se the observation period
rather than re d u ci ng the logging or epoch rate.

1.4 Environmental Factors

Environmental factors that impact GPS measure me nt qu ality include:

•

•

•

•

•

ionospheric activity
tropospheric delay
signal obstructions
multipath
radio frequ ency (RF) interf erence

GPS Surveying Concepts

High ionospheri c activity caus es rapid changes in GPS signal delay,
even between closely spaced receivers. Ionospheric activity is most
extreme at the polar and equatorial regions, and varies along an 11­year cycle. During periods of high ionospheric activi ty, real-time
kinematic initialization performance can be degraded in the time-to­initialize and in precision of the results.

Tropospheric delay is modeled within the 4700 receiver. The
tropospher e delay occurs when the GPS signal travels through the
lower part of the atmos p he re and varies with weath er co nd itions,
hei ght abov e sea level, and sate lli te el eva tion angle. A ba se receiver
loc ated in a sunn y valley experie nces different tropo spheric d elays
than a rover located at the top of a cloud-covered mountain.
Initialization and baseline accuracy are affected by troposphe ric delay.
If possible, try to locate the base station at approximately the same
elevation as the rover.

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GPS Surveying Concepts

Signal obstructions limit the number of visible satellites and can also
induce signal multipath. Flat metallic objects located near the antenna
can cause sig nal reflection befor e rec ep ti on at the antenna. For phase
measurements and RTK positioning, this effect is on the order of 1 to
5 centimeters. Multipath effects on the roving antenna are transient,
while a static base station can experience slowly changing errors.
Ideally, the base station should be located in a clear environment with
an open view of the sky.

1.5 GPS versus Conventional Surveying Techniques

The following are advantag es of GPS over conventional surveying
technique s:

•

•

Line-of-sig ht be tween station s is not required.
GPS accuracy is subject to little degradation by weather (rain,

snow, high or low temperatures, or humidity).

1

•

•

•

GPS is faster than conventional methods.
GPS provides results in a unified world coordinate system.
GPS results are digital and easily transferred to mapping or

GIS systems.

There are many options for observing GPS baselines

For example,

.

GPS surveys can be conducted either as postprocessed surveys or
real-time kinematic (RTK) surveys.

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1

1.5.1 Postprocessed Surveys

In postprocessed surveys, data is logged in the receiver or in a
handheld data col le ctor, then dow nl o a de d to a com pu ter and
processed using specially designed software, such as GPSurvey.

When data is collected for postprocessing, there are a number of
different data collection techniques. The terms Static, FastStatic, and
kinematic re fe r to different methods o f co llecting data in the field.
Postprocessed kinem at ic surveys can incl ud e both stop-and-go
kinematic and continuous kinematic.

1.5.2 Real-Time Kinemat ic Surveys

The 4700 receiver can be used with a TSC1 handheld controller to
perform re al-time kinematic (RTK) surveys. Examples of typical real­time surveying applications are: stakeout, monument recovery, and
topographic surveys. In real-time kinematic surveys, data processing
occurs in the field as data is logged, providing immediate results in
the form of coordinates in the handheld data collector.

GPS Surveying Concepts

Real-time surveys are kinematic surveys with a communications link
(radio) between the ba s e receiver and rover. Like the p ostprocessed
kinematic technique, RTK can include stop-and-go data collection
and continuous data collection. Real-time surveys with the 4700
receiver always require a TSC1 controller at the rover station.

The 4700 receiver uses real-time kinematic positioning to achieve
accuracies at the centimeter level. Kinematic GPS employs at least
two r eceivers that track the sam e satellites si multaneously. This
technique requires carrier phase observables, and it can benefit
significantly from dual frequency receivers for initialization purposes.
This is because carrier phase measurements contain integer phase
ambiguities that must be correctly resolved or initialized to obtain the
highest precision. The add itional data logged from the second
frequency facilitates faster resolution of th es e ambiguities.

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GPS Surveying Concepts

The 4700 receiver tracks the L1 C/A code and full cycle L1 and L2
carrier phase observables, even during per i ods of P-code encry p tion.
The 4700 receiver also uses on-the-fly (OTF) ambigu ity resolution
techniques to provide initi al iz a t ion while the receiver is moving. This
provides maximum efficiency in the field and avoids traditional
postprocessing techniques or time-consuming reoccupations in the
field.

A minimum of 5 satellites are required for OTF initialization, which
is normally achieved in under one minute. Once initialized, a
minimum of 4 satellites must be tracked to avoid reinitialization of
the system.

1.5.3 GPS Surveying Methods

Table 1-1 lists the basic types of data collection for the 4700 receiver.

Table 1-1 Baseline Observation Techniques

1

Baseline Observation
Techniques Using
Dual- Frequency GPS
Receivers

Static long baselines an d high-ord er control

FastStati c local surveys wh ere high produ ctivi ty is

Stop-and-Go Kinematic high productivity on local sites with few

Continuous Kinematic topographic surveys in lar ge open areas

Real-time Kinematic
(RTK)

Best Suited For

work

required, but many obstructions
between stations exist

satellite obstructions

and dynamic (moving) platforms
stakeout, detail, and topographic

surveys on local sites with fe
obstructions

1-6 4700 Receiver Operation Manual