TRENDnet 12dBi, TEW-676APBO User Manual

TRENDnet User’s Guide

Table of Contents

2

TRENDnet User’s Guide

Table of Contents

Contents

Introduction ........................................................................................................... 5

Features ......................................................................................................................... 5

Package Contents .......................................................................................................... 5

Hardware Feature .......................................................................................................... 6

System Concept...................................................................................................... 7

Product Benefit .............................................................................................................. 8

Installation Considerations ............................................................................................ 8

Installation ..................................................................................................................... 9

Configuration ................................................................................................................. 9

Applications ......................................................................................................... 10

Router AP Mode (Gateway + Access Point + WDS) ..................................................... 10

AP Mode (including Access Point + WDS) .................................................................... 10

WDS Mode (Pure WDS) ............................................................................................... 11

CPE Mode .................................................................................................................... 12

Client Bridge + Universal Repeater Mode ................................................................... 12

CPE + AP Mode (Router Client + Access Point) ............................................................ 12

Web Management Interface Instructions ............................................................. 13

AP Mode Configuration ........................................................................................ 13

External Network Connection...................................................................................... 14

Network Requirement ................................................................................................. 14

Configure LAN IP ...................................................................................................... 14

Wireless LAN Network ................................................................................................. 16

Wireless General Setup ............................................................................................ 16

Wireless Advanced Setup ......................................................................................... 16

Create Virtual AP (VAP) ............................................................................................ 20

Virtual AP Setup ....................................................................................................... 21

Wireless MAC Filter Setup........................................................................................ 23

Wireless Network Expansion ................................................................................... 24

System Status .............................................................................................................. 24

System Overview ...................................................................................................... 24

Associated Clients Status ......................................................................................... 25

Show WDS Link Status ............................................................................................. 26

Extra Information ..................................................................................................... 26

Event Log .................................................................................................................. 28

WDS Mode Configuration..................................................................................... 29

External Network Connection ..................................................................................... 29

Network Requirement ............................................................................................. 29

Configure LAN IP ...................................................................................................... 29

Wireless Network Expansion ....................................................................................... 30

General Setup .......................................................................................................... 30

Wireless Advanced Setup......................................................................................... 31

WDS Setup ............................................................................................................... 34

System Status .............................................................................................................. 34

System Overview ..................................................................................................... 34

WDS List ................................................................................................................... 35

Extra Information ..................................................................................................... 36

Event Log .................................................................................................................. 37

CPE Mode Configuration ...................................................................................... 38

External Network Connection ..................................................................................... 38

Network Requirement ............................................................................................. 38

Configure WAN Setup .............................................................................................. 39

Configure DDNS Setup ............................................................................................. 41

Configure LAN Setup ................................................................................................ 41

Access Point Association ............................................................................................. 42

Configure Wireless General Setting ......................................................................... 42

Configure Wireless Advanced Setting ...................................................................... 43

Site Survey ............................................................................................................... 43

Create Wireless Profile ............................................................................................ 44

Access Control List ....................................................................................................... 45

IP Filter Setup ........................................................................................................... 45

MAC Filter Setup ...................................................................................................... 46

Parental Control Setup ............................................................................................. 47

3

TRENDnet User’s Guide

Table of Contents

QoS Setup ................................................................................................................. 48

Resource Sharing ......................................................................................................... 50

DMZ .......................................................................................................................... 50

Virtual Server (Port Forwarding) .............................................................................. 51

System Status .............................................................................................................. 53

Overview .................................................................................................................. 53

Station Statistics ....................................................................................................... 54

Extra Info .................................................................................................................. 55

QoS Plot .................................................................................................................... 57

Event Log .................................................................................................................. 57

CPE + AP Mode Configuration .............................................................................. 58

External Network Connection...................................................................................... 58

Network Requirement ............................................................................................. 58

Configure WAN Setup .............................................................................................. 59

Configure DDNS Setup ............................................................................................. 60

Configure LAN Setup ................................................................................................ 61

Access Point Association .............................................................................................. 62

Configure Wireless General Setting ......................................................................... 62

Wireless Advanced Setup ......................................................................................... 63

Site Survey ................................................................................................................ 66

Create Wireless Profile ............................................................................................. 66

Wireless LAN Network Creation .................................................................................. 68

Repeater AP Setup ................................................................................................... 68

Wireless MAC Filter Setup........................................................................................ 70

Access Control List ....................................................................................................... 70

IP Filter Setup ........................................................................................................... 70

MAC Filter Setup ...................................................................................................... 71

Parental Control Setup ............................................................................................. 72

QoS Setup ................................................................................................................. 73

Resource Sharing ......................................................................................................... 75

DMZ .......................................................................................................................... 75

Virtual Server (Port Forwarding) .............................................................................. 76

System Status ........................................................................................................... 77

Overview .................................................................................................................. 77

Associated Clients Status ......................................................................................... 79

Remote AP ............................................................................................................... 80

Extra Info .................................................................................................................. 80

QoS Plot ................................................................................................................... 82

Event Log .................................................................................................................. 82

Client Bridge + Universal Repeater Configuration ................................................ 82

External Network Connection ..................................................................................... 83

Network Requirement ............................................................................................. 83

Configure LAN IP ...................................................................................................... 83

Access Point Association ............................................................................................. 84

Configure Wireless General Setting ......................................................................... 84

Wireless Advanced Setup......................................................................................... 85

Site Survey ............................................................................................................... 89

Create Wireless Profile ............................................................................................ 89

Wireless LAN Network Creation .................................................................................. 90

Repeater AP Setup ................................................................................................... 90

Wireless MAC Filter Setup ....................................................................................... 93

System Status .............................................................................................................. 93

System Overview ..................................................................................................... 93

Associated Clients Status ......................................................................................... 95

Remote AP ............................................................................................................... 95

Extra Information ..................................................................................................... 95

Event Log .................................................................................................................. 97

Router AP Mode Configuration ............................................................................ 98

External Network Connection ..................................................................................... 98

Network Requirement ............................................................................................. 98

Configure WAN Setup .............................................................................................. 99

Configure DDNS Setup ........................................................................................... 101

Configure LAN Setup .............................................................................................. 101

4

TRENDnet User’s Guide

Table of Contents

Wireless LAN Network Creation ................................................................................ 102

Wireless General Setup .......................................................................................... 102

Wireless Advanced Setup ....................................................................................... 103

Create Virtual AP (VAP) .......................................................................................... 107

Wireless MAC Filter Setup...................................................................................... 110

Wireless Network Expansion ..................................................................................... 111

Access Control List ..................................................................................................... 112

IP Filter Setup ......................................................................................................... 112

MAC Filter Setup .................................................................................................... 113

Parental Control Setup ........................................................................................... 113

QoS Setup ............................................................................................................... 115

Resource Sharing ....................................................................................................... 117

DMZ ........................................................................................................................ 117

Virtual Server (Port Forwarding) ............................................................................ 117

System Status ............................................................................................................ 118

Overview ................................................................................................................ 118

Associated Clients .................................................................................................. 120

Show WDS Link....................................................................................................... 121

Extra Info ................................................................................................................ 121

QoS Plot .................................................................................................................. 123

Event Log ................................................................................................................ 123

System Management ......................................................................................... 123

Configure Management ......................................................................................... 123

Configure System Time .......................................................................................... 125

Configure UPnP ...................................................................................................... 126

Configure SNMP Setup ........................................................................................... 126

Backup / Restore and Reset to Factory .................................................................. 127

Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................................. 128

Network Utility ....................................................................................................... 128

Reboot .................................................................................................................... 129

Mounting bracket installation ............................................................................ 129

Package contents ....................................................................................................... 129

Install mounting triangle............................................................................................ 129

Wall mount bracket ................................................................................................... 130

Pole mount bracket ................................................................................................... 130

Installing brackets ...................................................................................................... 130

Appendix ............................................................................................................ 131

WEB GUI Valid Characters ......................................................................................... 131

MCS Data Rate ........................................................................................................... 139

System Manager Privileges ........................................................................................ 140

Windows TCP/IP Settings .......................................................................................... 141

Enabling UPnP in Windows XP ................................................................................... 142

Specification .............................................................................................................. 144

Limited Warranty ....................................................................................................... 145

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

5

Introduction

The N300 Wireless 12dBi Outdoor 5GHz PoE Access Point, model TEW676APBO, provides high speed point-to-point building connectivity. It supports a variety of installation scenarios with Access Point, Router Access Point, Wireless Distribution System (WDS), Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), and Repeater modes. An IP-66/67 weather rating and rugged aluminum housing ensures the highest level of protection against extreme weather. An outdoor mounting kit is included and weatherproof LED indicators expedite product installation and troubleshooting. No need to install this access point nears a power source—PoE technology transmits both power and data over an Ethernet cable. Support for the latest wireless security protocols ensures the highest level of network protection. Install this access point with TRENDnet’s Outdoor Lightning Arrestor Kit, model TEW-ASAL1, to protect your entire network from catastrophic lightning strikes.

Features

• PoE compliant device

• 1 x 10/100Mbps PoE Auto-MDIX LAN port

• 1 x reset button

• LED indicators: Power, WLAN, LAN, Internal high powered 12dBi patch

antenna (polarization: V30°, H30°)

• Compliant with 802.11n/a technology (5 GHz spectrum) with data rates up

to 300Mbps

• Rugged IP66/67 rated weather proof aluminum housing

• Supports Router Access Point (AP), Access Point (AP), Wireless Distribution

System (WDS), Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), Client Bridge + Repeater, and CPE + AP modes

• Multiple SSID or Virtual Access Points with Layer 2 VLAN client isolation

• Access restriction with Internet Access Control, MAC, and IP filtering

• Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) for auto discovery and support for device

configuration of Internet applications

• Complete wireless security with WPA/WPA2-RADIUS, WPA /WPA2-PSK, and

WEP

• Multiple pass-through sessions for popular VPN applications (IPSec, L2TP,

and PPTP)

• Quality of Service technology: IEEE 802.11p COS, IEEE 802.11q Tag VLAN

priority control and Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)

• Supports IEEE 802.11f IAPP (Inter Access Point Protocol), IEEE 802.11h

(Transmission Power Control) and IEEE 802.11d (Multi-country roaming)

• Easy setup via Web browser using the latest versions of Internet Explorer,

FireFox, and Safari

• Supports SNMP (v2c and v3), Telnet, SSH, and HTTP/HTTPS management

• Surface mounting hardware

• Electrical ground cable

• 3-year limited warranty

Package Contents

The standard package contents

• TEW-676APBO

• Multi-Language Quick Installation Guide

• CD-ROM (User’s Guide)

• PoE Injector &Power cord (All in one type)

• Mounting Kit

• Grounding wire

• Waterproof kit

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

6

Hardware Feature

Front Panel

• Housing - IP 66/67 housing

Bottom Panel

• LED

o LAN – Turns on when there is a LAN connection and blinks when data is

running through the LAN port.

o WLAN – Turns on when wireless is enabled and blinks during wireless

transmission occur.

o PWR – Indicates the unit is powered on.

• Reset Button (unscrew cap) o Reboot – Press and hold the reset button for 2 seconds to restart the unit.

All LEDs except PWR will turn off before the unit turns back on. eless transmission occur.

o Reset – Press and hold the reset button for more than 10 seconds to

restore the unit back to factory default settings.

• PoE Port (unscrew cap) – Connect the network cable that is connected to the

provided PoE injector to power and configure the unit.

Housing

LAN/WLAN/PWR LEDs

Reset Button

PoE Port

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

7

System Concept

The TEW-676APBO is not only designed and used as a traditional outdoor AP, but also with rich features tailored for WISP applications. The two-level management capability and access control ease WISP and owners to maintain and manage wireless network in a more controllable fashion. Main applications are listed as follows with illustration:

• Wireless CPE for Multi Dwelling Unit/Multi-Tena nt Unit(MDU/MTU) complexes

including apartments, dormitories, and office complexes.

• Outdoor Access Point for school campuses, enterprise campuses, or manufacture

plants.

• Indoor Access Point for hotels, factories, or warehouses where industrial grade

devices are preferred.

• Public hotspot operation for café, parks, convention centers, shopping malls, or

airports.

• Wireless coverage for indoor and outdoor grounds in private resorts, home yards,

or gulf course communities.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

8

Product Benefit

The N300 Wireless 12dBi Outdoor 5GHz PoE Access Point is the point of connection to Wireless Outdoor Network for service provider deploying last mile services to business or residential broadband subscribers.. Network administrators can create multiple subscriber service tier using per-subscriber rate limiting features, and manage centrally. TEW-676APBO outdoor bridge utilizes a 200mW output Tx Power to connect to the WiFi mesh or WDS infrastructure and provides the subscriber with an Ethernet connection for a local access.

The

N300 Wireless 12dBi Outdoor 5GHz PoE Access Point can be used for nine

different purposes in six different modes, the Router AP mode , AP mode, the WDS mode, the CPE mode, Client Bridge + Universal Repeater mode and CPE + AP mode,

Installation Considerations

There are a number of factors that can impact the range of wireless devices.

1. Adjust your wireless devices so that the signal is traveling in a straight path, rather

than at an angle. The more material the signal has to pass through the more signal you will lose.

2. Keep the number of obstructions to a minimum. Each obstruction can reduce the

range of a wireless device. Position the wireless devices in a manner that will minimize the amount of obstructions between them.

3. Building materials can have a large impact on your wireless signal. In an indoor

environment, try to position the wireless devices so that the signal passes through less dense material such as dry wall. Dense materials like metal, solid wood, glass or even furniture may block or degrade the signal.

4. Antenna orientation can also have a large impact on your wireless signal. Use the

wireless adapter’s site survey tool to determine the best antenna orientation for your wireless devices.

5. Interference from devices that produce RF (radio frequency) noise can also impact

your signal. Position your wireless devices away from anything that generates RF noise, such as microwaves, radios and baby monitors.

If you are still experiencing low or no signal consider repositioning the wireless devices or installing additional access points. The use of higher gain antennas may also provide the necessary coverage depending on the environment.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

9

Installation

1. Unscrew the black cap covering the PoE port of the TEW-676APBO

2. Install the waterproof kit and insert one end of an Ethernet cable through the kit.

3. Connect the Ethernet cable to the PoE port of the TEW-676APBO

4. Tighten and secure the seal nut of the waterproof kit.

5. Connect the other end of the Ethernet cable to the P+DATA Out port on the PoE

injector.

6. Using another Ethernet cable, connect one end to the DATA IN port of the injector.

7. Connect the other end of the Ethernet cable to the LAN port of your network.

8. Plug the power cord into the injector. Then connect the plug into a power outlet.

Configuration

1. Open a web browser, type the IP address of the Access Point and then press Enter.

The default IP address is 192.168.10.100.

2. Enter the Username and Password and click OK. By default the Username: root and

Password: root.

3. Click the Wizard button and follow the setup wizard instructions. Click Finish to

complete installation.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

10

Applications

TEW-676APBO is multiple mode system which can be configured either as a wireless gateway or an access point as desired. It also can be used as a WDS link for Ethernet network expansion. This section depicts different applications on Router AP Mode, AP

Mode, WDS Mode, CPE Mode, Client Bridge + Universal Repeater Mode and CPE + AP Mode.

Router AP Mode (Gateway + Access Point + WDS)

Example 1 : Router AP without WDS

 It can be deployed as a gateway with wireless Access Point

 Example 2 : Router AP with WDS

 It can be deployed as a gateway with wireless Access Point and provides

WDS link for network extension.

AP Mode (including Access Point + WDS)

An access point can be either a main, relay or remote base station. A main base station is typically connected to a wired network via the Ethernet port. A relay base station relays data between main base stations and relay stations or remote base stations with clients. A remote base station is the end point to accept connections from wireless clients and pass data upwards to a network wirelessly.

 Example 1 : Access Point without WDS

 It can be deployed as a tradition fixed wireless Access Point

NAT

WDS

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

11

 Example 2 : Access Point with WDS

 It can be deployed as a tradition fixed wireless Access Point and provides

WDS link to expand network

WDS Mode (Pure WDS)

An access point can be either a main, relay or remote base station. A main base station is typically connected to a wired network via the Ethernet port. A relay base station relays data between main base stations and relay stations or remote base stations with clients. A remote base station is the end point to accept connections from wireless clients and pass data upwards to a network wirelessly. In this mode, it can support single or multiple WDS links and no wireless clients can associate with it.

Example 1 : Point-to-Point

Example 2 : Point-to-Multi-Point

Main

WDS

Remote

Main

WDS

Remote

WDS

Main

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

12

 Example 3 : Multi-Point Repeating bridge

CPE Mode

It can be used as an Outdoor Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) to receive wireless signal over last mile application, helping WISPs deliver wireless broadband Internet service to residents and business customers. In the CPE mode, TEW676APBO is a gateway enabled with NAT and DHCP Server functions. The wired clients connected to TEW-676APBO are in different subnet from those connected to Main Base Station, and, in CPE mode, it does not accept wireless association from wireless clients.

Client Bridge + Universal Repeater Mode

It can be used as an Client Bridge + Universal Repeater to receive wireless signal over last mile applications, helping WISPs deliver wireless broadband Internet service to new residential and business customers. In this mode, TEW-676APBO is enabled with DHCP Server functions. The wired clients of TEW-676APBO are in the same subnet from Main Base Station and it accepts wireless connections from client devices.

CPE + AP Mode (Router Client + Access Point)

It can be used as an Outdoor Customer Premised Equipment(CPE) to receive wireless signal over the last mile, helping WISPs deliver wireless broadband Internet service to new residential and business customers. In this mode, theTEW-676APBO is a gateway with NAT and DHCP Server functions. The wireless and wired clients of TEW-676APBO are on the different subnet from Main Base Station and it accepts wireless connections from client devices.

Inter

WIFI WAN

Main Base

Station

LAN NA

WIFI WAN

Main Base

Station

NA

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

13

Web Management Interface Instructions

TEW-676APBO supports web-based configuration. Upon the completion of hardware installation, TEW-676APBO can be configured through a PC/NB by using its web browser such as Internet Explorer version 6.0.

 Default IP Address : 192.168.10.100  Default IP Netmask : 255.255.255.0  Default User Name and Password : root/root

The default user name and password for both root manager account and admin manager account are as follows:

Step

 IP Segment Set-up for Administrator's PC/NB

Set the IP segment of the administrator's computer to be in the same range as TEW-676APBO for accessing the system. Do not duplicate the IP Address used here with IP Address of TEW-676APBO or any other device within the network

Example of Segment :

The valid range is 1 ~ 254 and 192.168.10.254 shall be avoided because it is already assigned to TEW-676APBO . 192.168.10.10 is used in the example below.

 IP Address : 192.168.10.10  IP Netmask : 255.255.255.0

 Launch Web Browser

Launch web browser to access the web management interface of system by

entering the default IP Address,

http://192.168.10.254, in the URL field, and then

press Enter.

 System Login

The system manager Login Page then appears. Enter “root” as User name and “root” as Password, and then click OK to login to the system; the root manager account is used as an example here.

 Login Success

System Overview page will appear after successful login.

AP Mode Configuration

When AP mode is chosen, the system can be configured as an Access Point. This section provides detailed explanation for users to configure in the AP mode with help of illustrations. In the AP mode, functions listed in the table below are also available from the Web-based GUI interface.

AP Mode Functions

Mode

Router

AP

CPE AP WDS

UR +

CB

CPE + AP

Management Account

Root Root Admin Root Root Root Root Admin

User Name root root admin root root root Root admin

Password default default admin default default default default admin

Option

System

Wireless

Utilities

Status

Functions

Operating Mode General Setup Profiles Settings

System

Overview

LAN Advanced Setup

Firmware

Upgrade

Clients

Management Virtual AP Network Utility WDS Status

Time Server WDS Setup Reboot Extra Info

SNMP Event Log

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

14

External Network Connection Network Requirement

Normally, TEW-676APBO connects to a wired LAN and provides a wireless connection point to associate with wireless client as shown in Figure 3-1. Then, Wireless clients could access to LAN or Internet by associating themselves with TEW-676APBO set in AP mode.

Configure LAN IP

Here are the instructions to setup the local IP Address and Netmask. Please click on System -> LAN and follow the below setting.

 Mode : Check either “Static IP” or “Dynamic IP” button as desired to set up the

system IP of LAN port .

 Static IP : The administrator can manually setup the LAN IP address when

static IP is available/ preferred.

 IP Address : The IP address of the LAN port; default IP address is

192.168.2.254

 IP Netmask : The Subnet mask of the LAN port; default Netmask is

255.255.255.0

 IP Gateway : The default gateway of the LAN port; default Gateway is

192.168.2.1

 Dynamic IP : This configuration type is applicable when the TEW-676APBO is

connected to a network with the presence of a DHCP server; all related IP information will be provided by the DHCP server automatically.

 Hostname : The Hostname of the LAN port

 DNS : Check either “No Default DNS Server” or “Specify DNS Server IP” button as

desired to set up the system DNS.

 Primary : The IP address of the primary DNS server.  Secondary: The IP address of the secondary DNS server.

 802.1d Spanning Tree

The spanning tree network protocol provides a loop free topology for a bridged LAN between LAN interface and 4 WDS interfaces from wds0 to wds3. The Spanning Tree Protocol, which is also referred to as STP, is defined in the IEEE Standard

802.1d. The Spanning tree always enabled on TEW-676APBO. Below Figures depict

a loop for a bridged LAN between LAN and WDS link

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

15

WDS

Remote Base Station

WDS

B

locked by

Spanning Tree Protocol

WDS

Remote Base Station

LOOP

Base Station

WDS

Remote Base Station

WDS

Blocked by Spanning Tree Protocol

WDS

Remote Base Station

LOOP

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

16

Wireless LAN Network

The network manager can configure related wireless settings, General Settings, Advanced Settings, Virtual AP(VAP) Setting, Security Settings and MAC Filter Settings.

Wireless General Setup

The administrator can change the data transmission, channel and output power settings for the system. Please click on Wireless -> General Setup and follow the below setting.

 MAC Address : The MAC address of the Wireless interface is displayed here.  Band Mode : Select an appropriate wireless band; bands available are 801.11a or

802.11a/n mixed mode.

 AP Isolation : Select Enable, all clients will be isolated from each VAP, that means

different VAP's clients can not reach to each other.

 Transmit Rate Control : Select the desired rate from the drop-down list; the options

are auto or ranging from 6 to 54Mbps only for 802.11a mode.

 Tx Powe r : You can adjust the output power of the system to get the appropriate

coverage for your wireless network. Specify digit numbers between 1 to 100 (the

unit is %) for your environment. If you are not sure which setting to choose, then keep the default setting, 100%.

When Band Mode select in 802.11a only mode, the HT(High Throughput) settings should be hidden immediately.

 HT TxStream/RxStream : By default, it's 2.  Operating Mode : By default, it's Mixed Mode.

 Mixed Mode : In this mode packets are transmitted with a preamble

compatible with the legacy 802.11a/g, the rest of the packet has a new format. In this mode the receiver shall be able to decode both the Mixed Mode packets and legacy packets.

 Green Field : In this mode high throughput packets are transmitted without a

legacy compatible part.

 Channel Bandwidth : The "20/40” MHz option is usually best. The other option is

available for special circumstances.

 Guard Interval : Using “Auto” option can increase throughput. However, it can also

increase error rate in some installations, due to increased sensitivity to radiofrequency reflections. Select the option that works best for your installation.

 MCS : This parameter represents transmission rate. By default (Auto) the fastest

possible transmission rate will be selected. You have the option of selecting the speed if necessary. (Refer to Appendix C. MCS Data Rate)

 Reverse Direction Grant(RDG) : Disable or enable reserve direction grant. Default is

enabled.

 A-MSDU : Aggregated Mac Service Data Unit. Select Enable to allow aggregation for

multiple MSDUs in one MPDU Default is disabled.

 Auto Block ACK : Disable or enable auto block ACK. Default is enabled.  Decline BA Request : Disable or enable decline BA request. Default is disabled.

Change these settings as described here and click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes. The items in this page are for AP's RF general settings and will be applied to all VAPs and WDS Links.

Wireless Advanced Setup

To achieve optimal wireless performance, it is necessary to tweak advance setting per requirements properly, not necessary higher the better or lower. The administrator can change the RTS threshold and fragmentation threshold settings for the system. Please click on Wireless -> Advanced Setup and follow the below setting.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

17

 Short Slot : By default, it’s “Enable” for reducing the slot time from the standard 20

microseconds to the 9 microsecond short slot time

Slot time is the amount of time a device waits after a collision before retransmitting a packet. Reducing the slot time decreases the overall back-off, which increases throughput. Back-off, which is a multiple of the slot time, is the random length of time a station waits before sending a packet on the LAN. For a sender and receiver own right of the channel the shorter slot time help manage shorter wait time to retransmit from collision because of hidden wireless clients or other causes. When collision sources can be removed sooner and other senders attempting to send are listening the channel(CSMA/CA) the owner of the channel should continue ownership and finish their transmission and release the channel. Then, following ownership of the channel will be sooner for the new pair due to shorter slot time. However, when long duration of existing collision sources and shorter slot time exist the owners might experience subsequent collisions. When adjustment to longer slot time can’t improve performance then RTS/CTS could supplement and help improve performance.

 Extra Slot Time : Slot time is in the range of 1~255 and set in unit of microsecond.

The default value is 9 microsecond.

 ACK Timeout : ACK timeout is in the range of 1~255 and set in unit of microsecond.

The default value is 32 microsecond.

All data transmission in 802.11b/g request an “Acknowledgement” (ACK) send by

receiving radio. The transmitter will resend the original packet if correspondent ACK failed to arrive within specific time interval, also refer to as “ACK Timeout”. ACK Timeout is adjustable due to the fact that distance between two radio links may vary in different deployment. ACK Timeout makes significant influence in performance of long distance radio link. If ACK Timeout is set too short, transmitter will start to “Resend” packet before ACK is received, and throughputs become low due to excessively high re-transmission. ACK Timeout is best determined by distance between the radios, data rate of average environment. The Timeout value is calculated based on round-trip time of packet with a little tolerance, So, if experiencing re-transmissions or poor performance the ACK Timeout could be made longer to accommodate.

 Beacon Interval : Beacon Interval is in the range of 20~1024 and set in unit of

millisecond. The default value is 100 msec.

Access Point (AP) in IEEE 802.11 will send out a special approximated 50-byte frame, called “Beacon”. Beacon is broadcast to all the stations, provides the basic information of AP such as SSID, channel, encryption keys, signal strength, time stamp, support data rate. All the radio stations received beacon recognizes the existence of such AP, and may proceed next actions if the information from AP matches the requirement. Beacon is sent on a periodic basis, the time interval can be adjusted.

By increasing the beacon interval, you can reduce the number of beacons and associated overhead, but that will likely delay the association and roaming process because stations scanning for available access points may miss the beacons. You can decrease the beacon interval, which increases the rate of beacons. This will make the association and roaming process very responsive; however, the network will incur additional overhead and throughput will go down.

 DTIM Interval : The DTIM interval is in the range of 1~255. The default is 1.

DTIM is defined as Delivery Traffic Indication Message. It is used to notify the wireless stations, which support power saving mode, when to wake up to receive multicast frame. DTIM is necessary and critical in wireless environment as a mechanism to fulfill power-saving synchronization.

A DTIM interval is a count of the number of beacon frames that must occur before the access point sends the buffered multicast frames. For instance, if DTIM Interval is set to 3, then the Wi-Fi clients will expect to receive a multicast frame after receiving three Beacon frame. The higher DTIM interval will help power saving and possibly decrease wireless throughput in multicast applications.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

18

 Fragment Threshold : The Fragment Threshold is in the range of 256~2346 byte.

The default is 2346 byte.

Each Wi-Fi packet can be divided into smaller packets, marked with a sequential fragment number and re-assemble in the receiving ends. The purpose is to make a short frame, instead of long frame, transmitting by radio in a heavy noisy environment. Because of sending smaller frames, corruptions are much less likely to occur. The pros is obvious, the cons is the overhead for transmission. So, in a clean environment, higher fragment threshold can be an option to increase throughput.

Fragmentation will be triggered by setting the Fragment Threshold, usually in Bytelength. Only when the frame size is over the Threshold, fragmentation will take place automatically.

 RTS Threshold : TRTS Threshold is in the range of 1~2347 byte. The default is 2347

byte.

The main purpose of enabling RTS by changing RTS threshold is to reduce possible collisions due to hidden wireless clients. RTS in AP will be enabled automatically if the packet size is larger than the Threshold value. By default, RTS is disabled in a normal environment supports non-jumbo frames.

 Short Preamble : By default, it’s “Enable”. To Disable is to use Long 128-bit

Preamble Synchronization field.

The preamble is used to signal "here is a train of data coming" to the receiver. The short preamble provides 72-bit Synchronization field to improve WLAN transmission efficiency with less overhead.

 Tx Burst : By default, it’s “Enable”. To Disable is to deactivate Tx Burst.

With TX burst enabled, AP will send many packets in a burst, without collision detection and RTS/CTS for each packet. TX Burst have better throughput but cause interference with other APs in channel.

 Pkt_Aggregate : By default, it's “Enable”

Increase efficiency by aggregating multiple packets of application data into a single transmission frame. In this way, 802.11n networks can send multiple data packets with the fixed overhead cost of just a single frame.

 WMM : By default, it's “Disable”. To Enable is to use WMM and the WMM

parameters should appears.

 WMM Parameters of Access Point : This affects traffic flowing from the access

point to the client station

Queue

Data

Transmitted

AP to Clients

Priority Description

AC_BK Background. Low

High throughput. Bulk data that requires maximum throughput and is not time-sensitive is sent to this queue (FTP data, for example).

AC_BE Best Effort Medium

Medium throughput and delay. Most traditional IP data is sent to this queue

AC_VI Video High

Minimum delay. Time-sensitive video data is

automatically sent to this queue

AC_VO Voice High

Time-sensitive data like VoIP and streaming media are automatically sent to this queue

Configuring QoS options consists of setting parameters on existing queues for different types of wireless traffic. You can configure different minimum and maximum wait times for the transmission of packets in each queue based on the requirements of the media being sent. Queues automatically provide minimum transmission delay for Voice, Video, multimedia, and mission critical

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

19

applications, and rely on best-effort parameters for traditional IP data. As an Example, time-sensitive Voice & Video, and multimedia are given effectively higher priority for transmission (lower wait times for channel access), while other applications and traditional IP data which are less timesensitive but often more data-intensive are expected to tolerate longer wait times.

 Aifsn : The Arbitration Inter-Frame Spacing Number specifies a wait time

(in milliseconds) for data frames

 CWmin : Minimum Contention Window. This parameter is input to the

algorithm that determines the initial random back-off wait time ("window") for retry of a transmission. The value specified here in the Minimum Contention Window is the upper limit (in milliseconds) of a range from which the initial random back-off wait time is determined.

 CWmax : Maximum Contention Window. The value specified here in the

Maximum Contention Window is the upper limit (in milliseconds) for the doubling of the random back-off value. This doubling continues until either the data frame is sent or the Maximum Contention Window size is reached. Once the Maximum Contention Window size is reached, retries will continue until a maximum number of retries allowed is reached. Valid values for the "cwmax" are 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 511, or 1024. The value for "cwmax" must be higher than the value for "cwmin".

 Txop : Transmission Opportunity is an interval of time when a WME AP

has the right to initiate transmissions onto the wireless medium (WM). This value specifies (in milliseconds) the Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) for AP; that is, the interval of time when the WMM AP has the right to initiate transmissions on the wireless network.

 ACM : Admission Control Mandatory, ACM only takes effect on AC_VI and

AC_VO. When you do not click Checkbox, it means that the ACM is controlled by the connecting AP. If you click Checkbox, it means that the Client is in charge.

 AckPolicy : Acknowledgment Policy, WMM defines two ACK policies:

Normal ACK and No ACK. Click “Checkbox” indicates “No ACK” When the no acknowledgment (No ACK) policy is used, the recipient does not acknowledge received packets during wireless packet exchange. This policy is suitable in the environment where communication quality is fine and interference is weak. While the No ACK policy helps improve transmission efficiency, it can cause increased packet loss when communication quality deteriorates. This is because when this policy is

used, a sender does not retransmit packets that have not been received by the recipient. When the Normal ACK policy is used, the recipient acknowledges each received unicast packet.

 WMM Parameters of Station : This affects traffic flowing from the client

station to the access point.

 Aifsn : The Arbitration Inter-Frame Spacing Number specifies a wait time

(in milliseconds) for data frames

 CWmin : Minimum Contention Window. This parameter is input to

the algorithm that determines the initial random backoff wait time ("window") for retry of a transmission. The value specified here in the Minimum Contention Window is the upper limit (in milliseconds) of a range from which the initial random backoff wait time is determined.

 CWmax : Maximum Contention Window. The value specified here in the

Maximum Contention Window is the upper limit (in milliseconds) for the doubling of the random backoff value. This doubling continues until either the data frame is sent or the Maximum Contention Window size is reached. Once the Maximum Contention Window size is reached, retries will continue until a maximum number of retries allowed is reached. Valid values for the "cwmax" are 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 511, or 1024. The value for "cwmax" must be higher than the value for "cwmin".

 Txop : Transmission Opportunity is an interval of time when a WME AP

has the right to initiate transmissions onto the wireless medium (WM). This value specifies (in milliseconds) the Transmission Opportunity (Txop) for AP; that is, the interval of time when the WMM AP has the right to initiate transmissions on the wireless network.

 ACM : Admission Control Mandatory, ACM only takes effect on AC_VI and

AC_VO. When you do not click Checkbox, it means that the ACM is controlled by the connecting AP. If you click Checkbox, it means that the Client is in charge.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

20

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes. The items in this page are for AP's RF advanced settings and will be applied to all VAPs and WDS Links.

Create Virtual AP (VAP)

The TEW-676APBO support broadcasting multiple SSIDs, allowing the creation of Virtual Access Points, partitioning a single physical access point into 7 logical access points, each of which can have a different set of security, VLAN Tag(ID) and network settings. Figure 3-2 shows multiple SSIDs with different security type and VLAN settings.

Multiple SSIDs with different Security Type and V L A N Tag

Queue

Data

Transmitted

Clients to AP

Priority Description

AC_BK Background. Low

High throughput. Bulk data that requires maximum throughput and is not time-sensitive is sent to this queue (FTP data, for example).

AC_BE Best Effort Medium

Medium throughput and delay. Most

traditional IP

data is sent to this queue

AC_VI Video High

Minimum delay. Time-sensitive video data is automatically sent to this queue

AC_VO Voice High

Time-sensitive data like VoIP and streaming media are automatically sent to this queue

SSID 3

VLA N #5

VLA N #4

VLA N #3

VLA N #2

VLA N #1

SSID 5

SSID 4

SSID 2

SSID 1

Sales Network

Engineer Network

Market Network

Guest Network

Accounting Network

WPA2PSK/AES

WPA2PSK/TKIP

WPA-

PSK/AES

WPAPSK/TKIP

W

E

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

21

Virtual AP Overview

The administrator can view all of the Virtual AP's settings via this page. Please click on Wireless -> Virtual AP Setup and the Virtual AP Overview Page appears.

 VAP : Indicate the system's Virtual AP.  ESSID : Indicate the ESSID of the respective Virtual AP  MAC Address : The MAC address of the VAP Interface is displayed here. When you

enable AP and reboot system, the MAC address will display here.

 Status : Indicate the Status of the respective Virtual AP. The Primary AP always on.  Security Type : Indicate an used security type of the respective Virtual AP.  MAC Filter : Indicate an used MAC filter of the respective Virtual AP.  Edit : Click Edit button to configure Virtual AP's settings, including security type and

MAC Filter.

Virtual AP Setup

For each Virtual AP, administrators can configure SSID, VLAN tag(ID), SSID broadcasting, Maximum number of client associations, security type settings. Click Edit button on the Edit column, and then a Virtual AP setup page appears.

 Enable AP : By default, it’s “Disable” for VAP1 ~ VAP6. The Primary AP always

enabled.

Select “Enable” to activate VAP or click “Disable” to deactivate this function

 ESSID : Extended Service Set ID, When clients are browsing for available wireless

networks, this is the SSID that will appear in the list. ESSID will determine the service type available to AP's clients associated with the specified VAP.

 Client Isolation : Select Enable, all clients will be isolated from each other, that

means all clients cannot reach to other clients. Below Figures depict Client Isolation and AP Isolation

 Hidden SSID : By default, it’s “Disable”.

Enable this option to stop the SSID broadcast in your network. When disabled, people could easily obtain the SSID information with the site survey software and get access to the network if security is not turned on. When enabled, network security is enhanced. It’s suggested to enable it after AP security settings are archived and setting of AP clients could make to associate to it.

 Maximum Clients : The default value is 32. You can enter the number of wireless

clients that can associate to a particular SSID. When the number of client is set to 5, only 5 clients at most are allowed to connect to this VAP.

 VLAN Tag(ID) : By default, it’s selected “Disable”.

This system supports tagged Virtual LAN(VLAN). A valid number of 1 to 4094 can be entered after it’s enabled. If your network utilize VLANs you could tie a VLAN Tag to a specific SSID, and packets from/to wireless clients belonging to that SSID will be tagged with that VLAN Tag. This enables security of wireless applications by applying VLAN Tag.

Cllent Isolation

AP Isolati on

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

22

 Security Type : Select the desired security type from the drop-down list; the

options are Disable, WEP, WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, W PA -Enterprise, WPA 2-Enterprise and WEP 802.1X.

 Disable : Data are unencrypted during transmission when this option is

selected.

 WEP : Wired Equivalent Privacy(WEP) is a data encryption mechanism based

on a 64-bit or 128-bit shared key.

 Authentication Method : Enable the desire option among OPEN, SHARED or

WE PAU TO.

 Key Index : Key index is used to designate the WEP key during data

transmission. 4 different WEP keys can be entered at the same time, but only one is chosen.

 WEP Key # : Enter HEX or ASCII format WEP key value; the system supports up

to 4 sets of WEP keys.

 WPA -PSK (or WPA2-PSK) : WPA (or WPA2) Algorithms, allows the system

accessing the network by using the WPA-PSK protected access.

 Cipher Suite : By default, it is AES. Select either AES or TKIP cipher suites  Pre-shared Key : Enter the pre-shared key; the format shall go with the

selected key type.

 Group Key Update Period : By default, it is 3600 seconds. This time

interval for rekeying GTK, broadcast/multicast encryption keys, in seconds. Entering the time-length is required.

 WPA -Enterprise (or WPA2-Enterprise): The RADIUS authentication and

encryption will be both enabled if this is selected.

 WPA General Settings :

• Cipher Suite : By default, it is AES. Select either AES or TKIP cipher suites

• Group Key Update Period : By default, it’s 3600 seconds. This time interval for

rekeying GTK, broadcast/multicast encryption keys, in seconds. Entering the time-length is required.

• PMK Cache Period : By default, it's 10 minutes. Set WPA2 PMKID cache

timeout period, after time out, the cached key will be deleted.

• Pre-Authentication : By default, it's “Disable”. To Enable is use to speed up

roaming before pre-authenticating IEEE 802.1X/EAP part of the full RSN authentication and key handshake before actually associating with a new AP.

 Radius Server Settings :

• IP Address : Enter the IP address of the Authentication RADIUS server.

• Port : By default, it’s 1812. The port number used to communicate with RADIUS

server.

• Shared secret : A secret key used between system and RADIUS server. Supports

8 to 64 characters.

Key Length

Hex

ASCII

64-bit 10 characters 5 characters

128-bit

26 characters

13 characters

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

23

• Session Timeout : The Session timeout is in the range of 0~60 seconds. The

default is 0 to disable re-authenticate service.

• Amount of time before a client will be required to re-authenticate.

 WEP 802.1X : When WEP 802.1x Authentication is enabled, please refer to the

following Dynamic WEP and RADIUS settings to complete configuration.

 Radius Server Settings :

• IP Address : Enter the IP address of the Authentication RADIUS server.

• Port : By default, it’s 1812. The port number used to communicate with RADIUS

server.

• Shared secret : A secret key used between system and RADIUS server. Supports

8 to 64 characters.

• Session Timeout : The Session timeout is in the range of 0~60 seconds. The

default is 0 to disable re-authenticate service.

• Amount of time before a client will be required to re-authenticate.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

Wireless MAC Filter Setup

Continue Virtual AP Setup section. For each Virtual AP setting, the administrator can allow or reject clients to access each Virtual AP.

 MAC Filter Setup : By default, it’s “Disable”. Options are Disable, Only Deny List

MAC or Only Allow List MAC.

Two ways to set MAC filter rules :

 Only Allow List MAC.

The wireless clients in the “Enable” list will be allowed to access the Access Point; All others or clients in the “Disable” list will be denied.

 Only Deny List MAC.

The wireless clients in the “Enable” list will be denied to access the Access Point; All

others or clients in the “Disable” list will be allowed. Add a station MAC : Enter MAC address (e.g. aa:bb:cc:00:00:0a) and click “Add” button, then the MAC address should display in the “Enable” List.

There are a maximum of 20 clients allowed in this “Enable” List. The MAC addresses of the wireless clients can be added and removed to the list using the Add and Remove buttons. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

24

Wireless Network Expansion

The administrator could create WDS Links to expand wireless network. When WDS is enabled, access point functions as a wireless bridge and is able to communicate with other access points via WDS links. A WDS link is bidirectional and both side must

support WDS. Access points know each other by MAC Address. In other words, each access point needs to include MAC address of its peer. Ensure all access points are configured with the same channel and own same security type settings.

Please click on Wireless -> WDS Setup and follow the below setting.

 Security Type : Option is “Disable”, “WEP”, “ TKIP”or “AES” from drop-down list.

Needs the same type to build WDS links. Security type takes effect when WDS is

enabled.

 WEP Key : Enter 5 / 13 ASCII or 10 / 26 HEX format WEP key.  TKIP Key : Enter 8 to 63 ASCII or 64 HEX format TKIP key.  AES Key : Enter 8 to 63 ASCII or 64 HEX form at AES key.

 WDS MAC List

 Enable : Click Enable to create WDS link.

 WDS Peer's MAC Address : Enter the MAC address of WDS peer.

 Description : Description of WDS link.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

System Status

This section breaks down into subsections of System Overview, Associated Clients Status, WDS Link Status, Extra Information and Event Log.

System Overview

Display detailed information of System, Network, LAN and Wireless in the System Overview page.

 System : Display the information of the system.

 System Name : The name of the system.

 Operating Mode : The mode currently in service.

 Location : Deployed geographical location.

WDS

Remote Bass Station

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

25

 Description : A description of the system.  Firmware Version : The current installed firmware version.  Firmware Date : The build time of installed firmware.  Device Time : The current time of the system.  System Up Time : The time period that system has been in service since last

reboot.

 Network Information : Supports Static or Dynamic modes on the LAN interface.

 IP Address : The management IP of system. By default, it’s 192.168.2.254.  IP Netmask : The network mask. By default, it’s 255.255.255.0.  IP Gateway : The gateway IP address and by default, it’s 192.168.2.1.  Primary DNS : The primary DNS server in service.  Secondary DNS : The secondary DNS server in service.

 LAN Information : Display total received and transmitted statistics on the LAN

interface.

 MAC Address : The MAC address of the LAN port.  Receive bytes : The total received packets in bytes on the LAN port.  Receive packets : The total received packets of the LAN port.  Transmit bytes : The total transmitted packets in bytes of the LAN port.  Transmit packets : The total transmitted packets of the LAN port.

 Wireless Information : Display total received and transmitted statistics on available

Virtual AP.

 MAC Address : The MAC address of the Wireless port.

 Channel : The current channel on the Wireless port.

 Rate : The current Bit Rate on the Wireless port.

 Receive bytes : The total received packets in bytes on the Wireless port.

 Receive packets : The total received packets on the Wireless port.

 Transmit bytes : The total transmitted packets in bytes on the Wireless port.

 Transmit packets : The total transmitted packets on the Wireless port.

Associated Clients Status

It displays ESSID, on/off Status, Security Type, total number of wireless clients associated with all Virtual AP.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

26

 VAP Information : Highlights key VAP information.

 VAP : Available VAP from Primary AP to VAP6.  ESSID : Display name of ESSID for each VAP.  MAC Address : Display MAC address for each VAP.  Status : On/Off  Security Type : Display chosen security type; WEP, WPA/WPA2-PSK,

WPA /WPA 2-Enterprise.

 Clients : Display total number of wireless connections for each VAP.

 VAP Clients : Display all associated clients on each Virtual AP.

 MAC Address : MAC address of associated clients  Signal Strength ANT0/ANT1 : Signal Strength of from associated clients.  Bandwidth : Channel bandwidth of from associated clients  Idle Time : Last inactive time period in seconds for a wireless connection.  Connect Time : Total connection time period in seconds for a wireless

connection.

 Disconnect : Click “Delete” button to manually disconnect a wireless client in a

Virtual AP.

Show WDS Link Status

Peers MAC Address, antenna 0/1 received signal strength, phy mode and channel bandwidth for each WDS are available.

 MAC Address : Display MAC address of WDS peer.  Signal Strength ANT0/ANT1 : Indicate the signal strength of the respective WDS

links.

 Phy Mode : Indicate the phy mode of the respective WDS linked.  BandWidth : Indicate the channel bandwidth of the respective WDS linked.  MCS : Indicate the MCS of the respective WDS linked.  SGI : Indicate the SGI (Short Guard Interval) of the respective WDS linked. “1”

indicate the Short Guard Interval, “0” indicate the Long Guard Interval.

Extra Information

Users could pull out information such as Route table, ARP table, MAC table, Bridge table or STP available in the drop-down list from system. The “Refresh” button is used to retrieve latest table information.

 Route table information : Select “Route table information” on the drop-down list

to display route table.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

27

TEW-676APBO could be used as a L2 or L3 device. It doesn’t support dynamic routing protocols such as RIP or OSPF. Static routes to specific hosts, networks or default gateway are set up automatically according to the IP configuration of system's interfaces. When used as a L2 device, it could switch packets and, as L3 device, it’s capable of being a gateway to route packets inward and outward.

 ARP table Information : Select “ARP Table Information” on the drop-down list to

display ARP table.

ARP associates each IP address to a unique hardware address (MAC) of a device. It is important to have a unique IP address as final destination to switch packets to.

 Bridge table information : Select “Bridge Table information” on the drop-down list

to display bridge table.

Bridge table will show Bridge ID and STP's Status on the each Ethernet bridge and its attached interfaces, the Bridge Port should be attached to some interfaces (e.g. eth2, ra0~ra6 and wds0~wds3).

 Bridge MAC information : Select “Bridge MACs Information” on the drop-down list

to display MAC table.

This table displays local MAC addresses associated with wired or wireless interfaces,

but also remember non-local MAC addresses learned from wired or wireless

interfaces.

Ageing timers will be reset when existing MAC addresses in table are learned again

or added when new MAC addresses are seen from wired or wireless interfaces as

well. When time runs out for a particular entry, it will be pruned from the table. In

that situation, switching packet to that particular MAC address will be dropped.

 Bridge STP Information : Select “Bridge STP Information” on the drop-down list to

display a list of bridge STP information.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

28

Event Log

The Event log displays system events when system is up and running. Also, it becomes very useful as a troubleshooting tool when issues are experienced in system.

 Time : The date and time when the event occurred.  Facility : It helps users to identify source of events such “System” or “User”  Severity : Severity level that a specific event is associated such as “info”, “error”,

“warning”, etc.

 Message : Description of the event.

Click Refresh button to renew the log, or click Clear button to clear all the record.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

29

WDS Mode Configuration

Please refer to illustrations of the section 1.3 for possible applications in the WDS mode. This section provides detailed explanation for users to configure in the WDS mode with help of illustrations. In the WDS mode, functions listed in the table below are also available from the Web-based GUI interface.

WDS Mode Functions

External Network Connection Network Requirement

You could expand your Ethernet network via WDS link. In this mode, the TEW-676APBO connects directly to a wired LAN, and wirelessly bridges to a remote access point via a WDS link as shown in Figure 4-1. In the mode, it can’t associate with any wireless clients.

Point to Point network Configuration

Configure LAN IP

Here are the instructions for how to setup the local IP Address and Netmask. Please click on System -> LAN and follow the below setting.

 Mode : Check either “Static IP” or “Dynamic IP” button as desired to set up the

system IP of LAN port .

 Static IP : The administrator can manually setup the LAN IP address when

static IP is available/ preferred.

 IP Address : The IP address of the LAN port; default IP address is

192.168.2.254

 IP Netmask : The Subnet mask of the LAN port; default Netmask is

255.255.255.0

 IP Gateway : The default gateway of the LAN port; default Gateway is

192.168.2.1

 Dynamic IP : This configuration type is applicable when the TEW-676APBO is

connected to a network with the presence of a DHCP server; all related IP information will be provided by the DHCP server automatically.

 Hostname : The Hostname of the LAN port

 DNS : Check either “No Default DNS Server” or “Specify DNS Server IP” button as

desired to set up the system DNS.

 Primary : The IP address of the primary DNS server.

 Secondary : The IP address of the secondary DNS server.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

Option

System

Wireless

Utilities

Status

Functions

Operating General Setup Profiles Settings System

LAN Advanced Setup Firmware WDS Status

Management WDS Setup Network Utility Extra Info

Time Server Reboot Event Log

SNMP

WDS

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

30

Wireless Network Expansion

The network manager can configure related wireless settings, General Settings, Advanced Settings and WDS Settings.

General Setup

The administrator can change the data transmission, channel and output power settings for the system. Please click on Wireless -> General Setup and follow the below setting.

 MAC Address : The MAC address of the Wireless interface is displayed here.  Band Mode : Select an appropriate wireless band; bands available are 801.11a or

802.11a/n mixed mode.

 Transmit Rate Control : Select the desired rate from the drop-down list; the options

are auto or ranging from 6 to 54Mbps only for 802.11a mode.

 Tx Powe r : You can adjust the output power of the system to get the appropriate

coverage for your wireless network. Specify digit number between 1 to 100 (the unit is %) for your environment. If you are not sure which setting to choose, then keep the default setting, 100%.

When Band Mode select in 802.11a only mode, the HT(High Throughput) settings should be hidden immediately.

 HT TxStream/RxStream : By default, it's 2.

 Operating Mode : By default, it's Mixed mode

 Mixed Mode : In this mode packets are transmitted with a preamble

compatible with the legacy 802.11a/g, the rest of the packet has a new format. In this mode the receiver shall be able to decode both the Mixed Mode packets and legacy packets.

 Green Field : In this mode high throughput packets are transmitted without a

legacy compatible part.

 Channel Bandwidth : The "20/40” MHz option is usually best. The other option is

available for special circumstances.

 Guard Interval : Using “Auto” option can increase throughput. However, it can also

increase error rate in some installations, due to increased sensitivity to radio-

frequency reflections. Select the option that works best for your installation.

 MCS : This parameter represents transmission rate. By default (Auto) the fastest

possible transmission rate will be selected. You have the option of selecting the

speed if necessary. (Refer to Appendix C. MCS Data Rate)

 Reverse Direction Grant(RDG) : Disable or enable reserve direction grant. Default is

enabled.

 A-MSDU : Aggregated Mac Service Data Unit . Select Enable to allow aggregation

for multiple MSDUs in one MPDU Default is disabled.

 Auto Block ACK : Disable or enable auto block ACK. Default is enabled.  Decline BA Request : Disable or enable decline BA request. Default is disabled.

Change these settings as described here and click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes. The items in this page are for AP's RF general settings and will be applied to all WDS Links.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

31

Wireless Advanced Setup

To achieve optimal wireless performance, it is necessary to tweak advance setting per requirements properly, not necessary higher the better or lower. The administrator can change the RTS threshold and fragmentation threshold settings for the system. Please click on Wireless -> Advanced Setup and follow the below setting.

 Short Slot : By default, it’s “Enable” for educing the slot time from the standard 20

microseconds to the 9 microsecond short slot time

Slot time is the amount of time a device waits after a collision before retransmitting a packet. Reducing the slot time decreases the overall back-off, which increases throughput. Back-off, which is a multiple of the slot time, is the random length of time a station waits before sending a packet on the LAN. For a sender and receiver own right of the channel the shorter slot time help manage shorter wait time to retransmit from collision because of hidden wireless clients or other causes. When collision sources can be removed sooner and other senders attempting to send are listening the channel (CSMA/CA) the owner of the channel should continue ownership and finish their transmission and release the channel. Then, following ownership of the channel will be sooner for the new pair due to shorter slot time. However, when long duration of existing collision sources and shorter slot time exist the owners might experience subsequent collisions. When adjustment to longer slot time can’t improve performance then RTS/CTS could supplement and help

improve performance.

 Extra Slot Time : Slot time is in the range of 1~255 and set in unit of microsecond.

The default value is 9 microsecond.

 ACK Timeout : ACK timeout is in the range of 1~255 and set in unit of microsecond.

The default value is 32 microsecond.

All data transmission in 802.11b/g request an “Acknowledgement” (ACK) send by

receiving radio. The transmitter will resend the original packet if correspondent ACK

failed to arrive within specific time interval, also refer to as “ACK Timeout”.

ACK Timeout is adjustable due to the fact that distance between two radio links

may vary in different deployment. ACK Timeout makes significant influence in

performance of long distance radio link. If ACK Timeout is set too short, transmitter

will start to “Resend” packet before ACK is received, and throughputs become low

due to excessively high re-transmission.

ACK Timeout is best determined by distance between the radios, data rate of

average environment. The Timeout value is calculated based on round-trip time of

packet with a little tolerance, So, if experiencing re-transmissions or poor

performance the ACK Timeout could be made longer to accommodate.

 Beacon Interval : Beacon Interval is in the range of 20~1024 and set in unit of

millisecond. The default value is 100 msec.

Access Point (AP) in IEEE 802.11 will send out a special approximated 50-byte

frame, called “Beacon”. Beacon is broadcast to all the stations, provides the basic

information of AP such as SSID, channel, encryption keys, signal strength, time

stamp, support data rate.

All the radio stations received beacon recognizes the existence of such AP, and may

proceed next actions if the information from AP matches the requirement. Beacon

is sent on a periodic basis, the time interval can be adjusted.

By increasing the beacon interval, you can reduce the number of beacons and

associated overhead, but that will likely delay the association and roaming process

because stations scanning for available access points may miss the beacons. You

can decrease the beacon interval, which increases the rate of beacons. This will

make the association and roaming process very responsive; however, the network

will incur additional overhead and throughput will go down.

 DTIM Interval : The DTIM interval is in the range of 1~255. The default is 1.

DTIM is defined as Delivery Traffic Indication Message. It is used to notify the

wireless stations, which support power saving mode, when to wake up to receive

multicast frame. DTIM is necessary and critical in wireless environment as a

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

32

mechanism to fulfill power-saving synchronization.

A DTIM interval is a count of the number of beacon frames that must occur before the access point sends the buffered multicast frames. For instance, if DTIM Interval is set to 3, then the Wi-Fi clients will expect to receive a multicast frame after receiving three Beacon frame. The higher DTIM interval will help power saving and possibly decrease wireless throughput in multicast applications.

 Fragment Threshold : The Fragment Threshold is in the range of 256~2346 byte.

The default is 2346 byte.

Each Wi-Fi packet can be divided into smaller packets, marked with a sequential fragment number and re-assemble in the receiving ends. The purpose is to make a short frame, instead of long frame, transmitting by radio in a heavy noisy environment. Because of sending smaller frames, corruptions are much less likely to occur. The pros is obvious, the cons is the overhead for transmission. So, in a clean environment, higher fragment threshold can be an option to increase throughput.

Fragmentation will be triggered by setting the Fragment Threshold, usually in Bytelength. Only when the frame size is over the Threshold, fragmentation will take place automatically.

 RTS Threshold : TRTS Threshold is in the range of 1~2347 byte. The default is 2347

byte.

The main purpose of enabling RTS by changing RTS threshold is to reduce possible collisions due to hidden wireless clients. RTS in AP will be enabled automatically if the packet size is larger than the Threshold value. By default, RTS is disabled in a normal environment supports non-jumbo frames.

 Short Preamble : By default, it’s “Enable”. To Disable is to use Long 128-bit

Preamble Synchronization field.

The preamble is used to signal "here is a train of data coming" to the receiver. The short preamble provides 72-bit Synchronization field to improve WLAN transmission efficiency with less overhead.

 Tx Burst : By default, it’s “Enable”. To Disable is to deactivate Tx Burst.

With TX burst enabled, AP will send many packets in a burst, without collision detection and RTS/CTS for each packet. TX Burst have better throughput but cause interference with other APs in channel.

 Pkt_Aggregate : By default, it's “Enable”

Increase efficiency by aggregating multiple packets of application data into a single transmission frame. In this way, 802.11n networks can send multiple data packets

with the fixed overhead cost of just a single frame.

 WMM : By default, it's “Disable”. To Enable is to use WMM and the WMM

parameters should appears.

 WMM Parameters of Access Point : This affects traffic flowing from the access

point to the client station

Queue

Data

Transmitted

AP to Clients

Priority Description

AC_BK Background. Low

High throughput. Bulk data that requires maximum throughput and is not time-sensitive is sent to this queue (FTP data, for example).

AC_BE Best Effort Med

Medium throughput and delay. Most traditional IP

data is sent to this queue

AC_VI Video High

Minimum delay. Time-sensitive video data is automatically sent to this queue

AC_VO Voice High

Time-sensitive data like VoIP and streaming media are automatically sent to this queue

Configuring QoS options consists of setting parameters on existing queues for different types of wireless traffic. You can configure different minimum and maximum wait times for the transmission of packets in each queue based on the requirements of the media being sent. Queues automatically provide

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

33

minimum transmission delay for Voice, Video, multimedia, and mission critical applications, and rely on best-effort parameters for traditional IP data. As an Example, time-sensitive Voice & Video, and multimedia are given effectively higher priority for transmission (lower wait times for channel access), while other applications and traditional IP data which are less timesensitive but often more data-intensive are expected to tolerate longer wait times.

 Aifsn : The Arbitration Inter-Frame Spacing Number specifies a wait time

(in milliseconds) for data frames

 CWmin : Minimum Contention Window. This parameter is input to the

algorithm that determines the initial random backoff wait time ("window") for retry of a transmission. The value specified here in the Minimum Contention Window is the upper limit (in milliseconds) of a range from which the initial random backoff wait time is determined.

 CWmax : Maximum Contention Window. The value specified here in the

Maximum Contention Window is the upper limit (in milliseconds) for the doubling of the random backoff value. This doubling continues until either the data frame is sent or the Maximum Contention Window size is reached. Once the Maximum Contention Window size is reached, retries will continue until a maximum number of retries allowed is reached. Valid values for the "cwmax" are 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 511, or 1024. The value for "cwmax" must be higher than the value for "cwmin".

 Txop : Transmission Opportunity is an interval of time when a WME AP

has the right to initiate transmissions onto the wireless medium (WM). This value specifies (in milliseconds) the Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) for AP; that is, the interval of time when the WMM AP has the right to initiate transmissions on the wireless network.

 ACM : Admission Control Mandatory, ACM only takes effect on AC_VI and

AC_VO. When you do not click Checkbox, it means that the ACM is controlled by the connecting AP. If you click Checkbox, it means that the Client is in charge.

 AckPolicy : Acknowledgment Policy, WMM defines two ACK policies:

Normal ACK and No ACK. Click “Checkbox” indicates “No ACK” When the no acknowledgment (No ACK) policy is used, the recipient does not acknowledge received packets during wireless packet exchange. This policy is suitable in the environment where communication quality is fine and interference is weak. While the No ACK policy helps improve transmission efficiency, it can cause increased packet loss when

communication quality deteriorates. This is because when this policy is used, a sender does not retransmit packets that have not been received by the recipient. When the Normal ACK policy is used, the recipient acknowledges each received unicast packet.

 WMM Parameters of Station : This affects traffic flowing from the client

station to the access point.

 Aifsn : The Arbitration Inter-Frame Spacing Number specifies a wait time

(in milliseconds) for data frames

CWmin : Minimum Contention Window. This parameter is input to the algorithm that determines the initial random backoff wait time ("window") for retry of a transmission. The value specified here in the Minimum Contention Window is the upper limit (in milliseconds) of a range from which the initial random backoff wait time is determined.

CWmax : Maximum Contention Window. The value specified here in the Maximum Contention Window is the upper limit (in milliseconds) for the doubling of the random backoff value. This doubling continues until either the data frame is sent or the Maximum Contention Window size is reached. Once the Maximum Contention Window size is reached, retries will continue until a maximum number of retries allowed is reached. Valid values for the "cwmax" are 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 511, or 1024. The value for "cwmax" must be higher than the value for "cwmin".

Txop : Transmission Opportunity is an interval of time when a WME AP has the right to initiate transmissions onto the wireless medium (WM). This value specifies (in

Queue

Data Transmitted

Clients to AP

Priority Description

AC_BK Background. Low

High throughput. Bulk data that requires

maximum throughput and is not time-sensitive is

sent to this queue (FTP data, for example).

AC_BE Best Effort Medium

Medium throughput and delay. Most traditional IP data is sent to this queue

AC_VI Video High

Minimum delay. Time-sensitive video data is automatically sent to this queue

AC_VO Voice High

Time-sensitive data like VoIP and streaming

media are automatically sent to this queue

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

34

milliseconds) the Transmission Opportunity (Txop) for AP; that is, the interval of time when the WMM AP has the right to initiate transmissions on the wireless network. ACM : Admission Control Mandatory, ACM only takes effect on AC_VI and AC_VO. When you do not click Checkbox, it means that the ACM is controlled by the connecting AP. If you click Checkbox, it means that the Client is in charge.

Change these settings as described here and click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes. The items in this page are for AP's RF advanced settings and will be applied to all WDS Links.

WDS Setup

The administrator could create WDS Links to expand wireless network. When WDS is enabled, access point functions as a wireless bridge and is able to communicate with other access points via WDS links. A WDS link is bidirectional and both side must

support WDS. Access points know each other by MAC Address. In other words, each access point needs to include MAC address of its peer. Ensure all access points are configured with the same channel and own same security type settings.

 Security Type : Option is “Disable”, “WEP”, “ TKIP” or “AES” from drop-down list.

Needs the same type to build WDS links. Security type takes effect when WDS is

enabled.

 WEP Key : Enter 5 / 13 ASCII or 10 / 26 HEX format WEP key.

 TKIP Key : Enter 8 to 63 ASCII or 64 HEX format TKIP key.

 AES Key : Enter 8 to 63 ASCII or 64 HEX fo rma t A ES key.

 WDS MAC List

 Enable : Click Enable to create WDS link.

 WDS Peer's MAC Address : Enter the MAC address of WDS peer.

 Description : Description of WDS link.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

System Status

This section breaks down into subsections of System Overview, WDS Link Status, Extra Information and Event Log.

System Overview

Detailed information on System, Network, LAN Information and Wireless Information can be reviewed via this page.

 System : Display the information of the system.

 System Name : The name of the system.

 Operating Mode : The mode currently in service.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

35

 Location : The reminding note on the geographical location of the system.  Description : The reminding note of the system.  Firmware Version : The current firmware version installed.  Firmware Date : The build time of the firmware installed.  Device Time : The current time of the system.  System Up Time : The time period that system has been in service since last

reboot.

 Network Information : Display the information of the Network.

 Mode : Supports Static or Dynamic modes on the LAN interface.  IP Address : The management IP of system. By default, it’s 192.168.2.254.  IP Netmask : The network mask. By default, it’s 255.255.255.0.  IP Gateway : The gateway IP address and by default, it’s 192.168.2.1.  Primary DNS : The primary DNS server in service.  Secondary DNS : The secondary DNS server in service.

 LAN Information : Display total received and transmitted statistics on the LAN

interface.

 MAC Address : The MAC address of the LAN port.  Receive bytes : The total received packets in bytes on the LAN port.

 Receive packets : The total received packets of the LAN port.

 Transmit bytes : The total transmitted packets in bytes of the LAN port.

 Transmit packets : The total transmitted packets of the LAN port.

 Wireless Information : Display the detailed receive and transmit statistics of

Wireless interface.

 MAC Address : The MAC address of the Wireless port.

 Channel : The current channel on the Wireless port.

 Rate : The current Bit Rate on the Wireless port.

 Receive bytes : The total received packets in bytes on the Wireless port.

 Receive packets : The total received packets of the Wireless port.

 Transmit bytes : The total transmitted packets in bytes of the Wireless port.

 Transmit packets : The total transmitted packets of the Wireless port.

WDS List

Peers MAC Address, antenna 0/1 received signal strength, phy mode and channel bandwidth for each WDS are available.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

36

 MAC Address : Display MAC address of WDS peer.  Signal Strength ANT0/ANT1 : Indicate the signal strength of the respective WDS

links.

 Phy Mode : Indicate the phy mode of the respective WDS linked.  BandWidth : Indicate the channel bandwidth of the respective WDS linked.  MCS : Indicate the MCS of the respective WDS linked.  SGI : Indicate the SGI (Short Guard Interval) of the respective WDS linked. “1”

indicate the Short Guard Interval, “0” indicate the Long Guard Interval.

Extra Information

Users could pull out information such as Route table, ARP table, MAC table, Bridge table or STP available in the drop-down list from system. The “Refresh” button is used to retrieve latest table information.

 Route table information : Select “Route table information” on the drop-down list

to display route table.

TEW-676APBO could be used as a L2 or L3 device. It doesn’t support dynamic

routing protocols such as RIP or OSPF. Static routes to specific hosts, networks or

default gateway are set up automatically according to the IP configuration of

system's interfaces. When used as a L2 device, it could switch packets and, as L3

device, it’s capable of being a gateway to route packets inward and outward.

 ARP table Information : Select “ARP Table Information” on the drop-down list to

display ARP table.

ARP associates each IP address to a unique hardware address (MAC) of a device. It

is important to have a unique IP address as final destination to switch packets to.

 Bridge table information : Select “Bridge Table information” on the drop-down list

to display bridge table.

Bridge table will show Bridge ID and STP's Status on the each Ethernet bridge and

its attached interfaces, the Bridge Port should be attached to some interfaces (e.g.

eth2, ra0 and wds0~wds3).

 Bridge MAC information : Select “Bridge MACs Information” on the drop-down list

to display MAC table.

This table displays local MAC addresses associated with wired or wireless interfaces,

but also remember non-local MAC addresses learned from wired or wireless

interfaces.

Ageing timers will be reset when existing MAC addresses in table are learned again

or added when new MAC addresses are seen from wired or wireless interfaces as

well. When time runs out for a particular entry, it will be pruned from the table. In

that situation, switching packet to that particular MAC address will be discontinued.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

37

 Bridge STP Information : Select “Bridge STP Information” on the drop-down list to

display a list of bridge STP information.

Event Log

The Event log displays system events when system is up and running. Also, it becomes very useful as a troubleshooting tool when issues are experienced in system.

 Time : The date and time when the event occurred.  Facility : It helps users to identify source of events such “System” or “User”  Severity : Severity level that a specific event is associated such as “info”, “error”,

“warning”, etc.

 Message : Description of the event.

Click Refresh button to renew the log, or click Clear button to clear all the record.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

38

CPE Mode Configuration

When CPE mode is chosen, the system can be configured as a Customer Premises Equipment(CPE). This section provides detailed explanation for users to configure in the CPE mode with help of illustrations. In the CPE mode, functions listed in the table below are also available from the Web-based GUI interface.

CPE Mode Functions

External Network Connection Network Requirement

It can be used as an Outdoor Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) to receive wireless signal over last mile application, helping WISPs deliver wireless broadband Internet service to residents and business customers. In the CPE mode, TEW-676APBO is a gateway enabled with NAT and DHCP Server functions. The wired clients connected to TEW-676APBO are in different subnet from those connected to Main Base Station, and, in CPE mode, it does not accept wireless association from wireless clients.

CPE mode network configuration

OPTION System Wireless Advance Utilities Status

Functions

Operating

Mode

General

Setup

DMZ

Profiles

Settings

System

Overview

WAN

Wireless

Profile

IP Filter

Firmware

Upgrade

Station

Statistics

LAN

Site

Survey

MAC Filter

Network

Utility

Extra Info

DDNS

Virtual Server

Reboot QoS Plot

Management

Parental

Control

Event Log

Time Server QoS

UPNP

SNMP

WIFI WAN

Main

N

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

39

Configure WAN Setup

There are three connection types for the WAN port : Static IP, Dynamic IP, PPPoE and PPTP. Please click on System -> WAN and follow the below setting.

 Mode : By default, it’s “Static IP”. Check “Static IP”, “Dynamic IP”, “PPPoE” or

“PPTP”to set up system WAN IP.

 Static IP : Users can manually setup the WAN IP address with a static IP

provided by WISP.

 IP Address : The IP address of the WAN port; default IP address is

192.168.1.254

 IP Netmask : The Subnet mask of the WAN port; default Netmask is

255.255.255.0

 IP Gateway : The default gateway of the WAN port; default Gateway is

192.168.1.1

 Dynamic IP : Please consult with WISP for correct wireless settings to associate

with WISP AP before a dynamic IP, along with related IP settings including DNS can be available from DHCP server. If IP Address is not assigned, please double check with your wireless settings and ensure successful association. Also, you may go to “WAN Information” in the Overview page to click Release button to release IP address and click Renew button to renew IP address again.

 Hostname : The Hostname of the WAN port

 PPPoE : To create wireless PPPoE WAN connection to a PPPoE server in

network.

 User Name : Enter User Name for PPPoE connection  Password : Enter Password for PPPoE connection  Reconnect Mode :

• Always on – A connection to Internet is always maintained.

• On Demand – A connection to Internet is made as needed.

• Manual – Click the “Connect” button on “WAN Information” in the

Overview page to connect to the Internet.

 Idle Time : Time to last before disconnecting PPPoE session when it is

idle. Enter preferred Idle Time in minutes. Default is “0”, indicates disabled. When Idle time is disabled, the “Reconnect Mode” will turn out “Always on”

 MTU : By default, it’s 1492 bytes. MTU stands for Maximum Transmission

Unit. Consult with WISP for a correct MTU setting.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

40

 PPTP : The Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) mode enables the

implementation of secure multi-protocol Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)

through public networks.

 IP Address : The IP address of the WAN port  IP Netmask : The Subnet mask of the WAN port  PPTP Server IP Address : The IP address of the PPTP server  User Name : Enter User Name for PPTP connection  Password : Enter Password for PPTP connection  Reconnect Mode :

• Always on – A connection to Internet is always maintained.

• On Demand – A connection to Internet is made as needed.

• Manual – Click the “Connect” button on “WAN Information” in the

Overview page to connect to the Internet.

 Idle Time : Time to last before disconnecting PPPoE session when it is

idle. Enter preferred Idle Time in minutes. Default is “0”, indicates disabled. When Idle time is disabled, the “Reconnect Mode” will turn out “Always on”

 MTU : By default, it’s 1460 bytes. MTU stands for Maximum Transmission

Unit. Consult with WISP for a correct MTU setting.

 MPPE Encryption : Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption (MPPE) encrypts

data in Point-to-Point Protocol(PPP)-based dial-up connections or Pointto-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) virtual private network (VPN) connections. 128-bit key (strong) and 40-bit key (standard) MPPE encryption schemes are supported. MPPE provides data security for the PPTP connection that is between the VPN client and the VPN server.

 DNS : Check “No Default DNS Server” or “Specify DNS Server IP” radial button as

desired to set up system DNS.

 Primary : The IP address of the primary DNS server.

 Secondary : The IP address of the secondary DNS server.

 MAC Clone : The MAC address is a 12-digit HEX code uniquely assigned to hardware

as identification. Some ISPs require you to register a MAC address in order to access

to Internet. If not, you could use default MAC or clone MAC from a PC.

(CPE+AP

Mode does not support MAC Clone function)

 Keep Default MAC Address : Keep the default MAC address of WAN port on

the system.

 Clone MAC Address : If you want to clone the MAC address of the PC, then

click the Clone MAC Address button. The system will automatically detect your PC's MAC address.

 Manual MAC Address : Enter the MAC address registered with your ISP.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

41

Configure DDNS Setup

Dynamic DNS allows you to map domain name to dynamic IP address. Please click on System -> DDNS Setup and follow the below setting.

 Enabled: By default, it’s “Disable”. The mapping domain name won’t change when

dynamic IP changes. The beauty of it is no need to remember the dynamic WAP IP while accessing to it.

 Service Provider: Select the preferred Service Provider from the drop-down list

including dyndns, dhs, ods and tzo

 Hostname: Host Name that you register to Dynamic-DNS service and export.  User Name & Password: User Name and Password are used to login DDNS service.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes.

Configure LAN Setup

Here are the instructions for how to setup the local IP Address and Netmask. Please click on System -> LAN and follow the below setting.

 LAN IP : The administrator can manually setup the LAN IP address.

 IP Address : The IP address of the LAN port; default IP address is

192.168.2.254

 IP Netmask : The Subnet mask of the LAN port; default Netmask is

255.255.255.0

 DHCP Setup : Devices connected to the system can obtain an IP address

automatically when this service is enabled.

 DHCP : Check Enable button to activate this function or Disable to deactivate

this service.

 Start IP / End IP: Specify the range of IP addresses to be used by the DHCP

server when assigning IP address to clients. The default range IP address is

192.168.2.10 to 192.168.2.70, the netmask is 255.255.255.0

 DNS1 IP : Enter IP address of the first DNS server; this field is required.

 DNS2 IP : Enter IP address of the second DNS server; this is optional.

 WINS IP : Enter IP address of the Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

42

server; this is optional.

 Domain : Enter the domain name for this network.  Lease Time : The IP addresses given out by the DHCP server will only be valid

for the duration specified by the lease time. Increasing the time ensure client operation without interruptions, but could introduce potential conflicts. Lowering the lease time will avoid potential address conflicts, but might cause more interruptions to the client while it will acquire new IP addresses from the DHCP server. Default is 86400 seconds

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

Access Point Association Configure Wireless General Setting

The administrator can change the data transmission, channel and output power settings for the system. Please click on Wireless -> General Setup and follow the below setting.

 Band Mode : Select an appropriate wireless band; bands available are 801.11a or

802.11a/n mixed mode.

 Tx Powe r : You can adjust the output power of the system to get the appropriate

coverage for your wireless network. Specify digit number between 1 to 100 (the

unit is %) for your environment. If you are not sure of which setting to choose, then

keep the default setting, 100%.

When Band Mode select in 802.11a only mode, the HT(High Throughput) Physical Mode and 11n Configuration settings should be hidden immediately.

 Operating Mode : By default, it's Mixed Mode.

 Mixed Mode : In this mode packets are transmitted with a preamble

compatible with the legacy 802.11a/g, the rest of the packet has a new format. In this mode the receiver shall be able to decode both the Mixed Mode packets and legacy packets.

 Green Field : In this mode high throughput packets are transmitted without a

legacy compatible part.

 Channel Bandwidth : The "Auto” MHz option is usually best. The other option is

available for special circumstances.

 Guard Interval : Using “Auto” option can increase throughput. However, it can also

increase error rate in some installations, due to increased sensitivity to radio-

frequency reflections. Select the option that works best for your installation.

 MCS : This parameter represents transmission rate. By default (Auto) the fastest

possible transmission rate will be selected. You have the option of selecting the

speed if necessary. (Refer to Appendix C. MCS Data Rate)

 MPDU Enable : Check Enable button to activate this function, and Disable to

deactivate.

 A-MPDU : A-MPDU (Aggregated Mac Protocol Data Unit) allows the transmissions

of multiple Ethernet frames to a single location as burst of up to 64kbytes This is

performed on the hardware itself. Select “Manual” to set “MPDU Density”

 MPDU Density : Minimum separation of MPDUs in an A-MPDU.

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

No Restriction ¼ µs ½ µs 1 µs 2 µs 4 µs 8 µs 16 µs

 A-MSDU : Aggregated Mac Service Data Unit, A-MSDU. Select Enable to allows

aggregation for multiple MSDUs in one MPDU. Default is disabled. Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

43

Configure Wireless Advanced Setting

To achieve optimal wireless performance, it is necessary to tweak advance setting per requirements properly, not necessary higher the better or lo we r. The administrator can change the RTS threshold and fragmentation threshold settings for the system. Please click on Wireless -> Advanced Setup and follow the below setting.

 Fragment Threshold : The Fragment Threshold is in the range of 256~2346 byte.

The default is 2346 byte.

Each Wi-Fi packet can be divided into smaller packets, marked with a sequential fragment number and re-assemble in the receiving ends. The purpose is to make a short frame, instead of long frame, transmitting by radio in a heavy noisy environment. Because of sending smaller frames, corruptions are much less likely to occur. The pros is obvious, the cons is the overhead for transmission. So, in a clean environment, higher fragment threshold can be an option to increase throughput.

Fragmentation will be triggered by setting the Fragment Threshold, usually in Bytelength. Only when the frame size is over the Threshold, fragmentation will take place automatically.

 RTS Threshold : RTS Threshold is in the range of 1~2347 byte. The default is 2347

byte.

The main purpose of enabling RTS by changing RTS threshold is to reduce possible collisions due to hidden wireless clients. RTS in AP will be enabled automatically if the packet size is larger than the Threshold value. By default, RTS is disabled in a normal environment supports non-jumbo frames.

 Short Preamble : By default, it’s “Auto”. To Disable is to use Long 128-bit Preamble

Synchronization field.

The preamble is used to signal "here is a train of data coming" to the receiver. The

short preamble provides 72-bit Synchronization field to improve WLAN

transmission efficiency with less overhead.

 Tx Burst : By default, it’s “Enable”. To Disable is to deactivate Tx Burst.

With TX burst enabled, AP will send many packets in a burst, without collision detection

and RTS/CTS for each packet. TX Burst have better throughput but cause interference

with other APs in channel.

 WMM : By default, it's “Disable”. Select Enable, the packets with QoS WMM will

have higher priority.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes.

Site Survey

Use this tool to scan and locate WISP Access Points and select one to associate with. Please click on Wireless -> Site Survey. Below depicts an example for site survey.

 ESSID : Available Extend Service Set ID of surrounding Access Points.  MAC Address : MAC addresses of surrounding Access Points.  Signal : Received signal strength of all found Access Points.  Channel : Channel numbers used by all found Access Points.  Security : Security type by all found Access Points.  Band : Wireless band used by all found Access Points.  Network Type : Network type used by all found Access Points.  Select : Click “Select” to configure settings and associate with chosen AP.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

44

Create Wireless Profile

The administrator can configure station profiles via this page. Please click on Wireless -> Wireless Profile and follow the below setting.

 MAC Address : The MAC address of the Wireless Station is displayed here.  Profile Name : Set different profiles for quick connection uses.  ESSID : Assign Service Set ID for the wireless system.  Security Type : Select an appropriate security type for association, the Security

Type can be selected in “NONE”, “OPEN”, “ SHARED”, “W PA-PSK”, o r “ WPA2 -PSK” from drop-down list; the type needs to be the same as that associated access point.

 OPEN / SHARED : OPEN and SHARED require the user to set a WEP key to

exchange data.

 Key Index : key index is used to designate the WEP key during data

transmission. 4 different WEP keys can be entered at the same time, but only one is chosen.

 WEP Key # : Enter HEX or ASCII format WEP key value; the system

supports up to 4 sets of WEP keys.

Key Length Hex ASCII

64-bit

10 characters

5 characters

128-bit

26 characters

13 characters

 WPA -PSK (or WPA2-PSK) : WPA (or WPA2) Algorithms, allows the system

accessing the network by using the WPA-PSK protected access.

 Cipher Suite : Select the desired cipher suite from the drop-down list; the

options are AES and TKIP

 Pre-shared Key : Enter the information for pre-shared key; the key can be

either entered as a 256-bit secret in 64 HEX digits format, or 8 to 63 ASCII characters.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

45

 Profile List : The user can manage the created profiles for home, work or public

areas. Below depict an example for Profile List

 Click ”Edit” an exist profile on the Profile List. The field of System Configuration

and Security Policy will display profile's content. Edit profile's content and then click “Save” button to save the profile.

 Click “Delete” to remove profile.  Click and Select a profile from list, then click the “Connect” button to

connecting to the wireless network with the profile setting. After clicking “Connect” button, the system should be jump to Station Statistic Page, you can verify connecting status on Station Statistic Page.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

Access Control List

IP Filter Setup

Allows to create deny or allow rules to filter ingress or egress packets from specific source and/or to destination IP address on wired (LAN) or Wireless (WAN) ports. Filter rules could be used to filter unicast or multicast packets on different protocols as shown in the IP Filter Setup. Important to note that IP filter rules has precedence over Virtual server rules. Please click on Advance -> IP Filter Setup and follow the below setting.

 Source Address/Mask : Enter desired source IP address and netmask; i.e.

192.168.2.10/32.

 Source Port : Enter a port or a range of ports as start:end; i.e. port 20:80  Destination Address/Mask : Enter desired destination IP address and netmask; i.e.

192.168.1.10/32

 Destination Port : Enter a port or a range of ports as start:end; i.e. port 20:80  In/Out : Applies to Ingress or egress packets  Protocol : Supports TCP, UDP or ICMP.  Listen : Click Yes radial button to match TCP packets only with the SYN flag.  Active : Deny to drop and Pass to allow per filter rules  Interface : The interface that a filter rule applies

Click “Save” button to add IP filter rule. Total of 20 rules maximum allowed in the IP Filter List. All rules can be edited or removed from the List. Click Reboot button to activate your changes.

When you create rules in the IP Filter List, the prior rules maintain higher priority. To allow limited access from a subnet to a destination network manager needs to create allow rules first and followed by deny rules. So, if you just want one IP address to access

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

46

the system via telnet from your subnet, not others, the Example 1 demonstrates it, not rules in the Example 2.

 Example 1 : Create a higher priority rule to allow IP address 192.168.2.2 Telnet

access from LAN port first, and deny Telnet access from remaining IP addresses in the same subnet.

Rule

Source Destination

I/O Protocol L Act Side

IP/Mask Port IP/Mask Port

1

192.168.2.2/ 32

192.168.2.254/ 32

22 In TCP n Pass LAN

2

192.168.2.0/ 24

192.168.2.254/ 32

22 In TCP n Deny LAN

 Example 2 : All Telnet access to the system from the IP addresses of subnet

192.168.2.x works with the rule 1 of Example 2. The rule 2 won’t make any difference.

Rule

Source Destination

I/O Protocol L Action Side

IP/Mask Port IP/Mask Port

1

192.168.2.0/2

4

192.168.2.254

/32

22 In TCP n Deny LAN

2

192.168.2.2/3 2

192.168.2.254 /32

22 In TCP n pass LAN

MAC Filter Setup

Allows to create MAC filter rules to allow or deny unicast or multicast packets from limited number of MAC addresses. Important to note that MAC filter rules have precedence over IP Filter rules. Please click on Advance -> MAC Filter Setup and follow the below setting.

 MAC Filter Rule : By default, it’s “Disable”. Options are Disabled, Only Deny List

MAC or Only Allow List MAC. Click Save button to save your change.

Two ways to set the MAC Filter List:

 Only Allow List MAC.

The wireless clients in the MAC Filter List will be allowed to access to Access Point; All others will be denied.

 Only Deny List MAC.

The wireless clients in the MAC Filter List will be denied to access to Access Point; All others will be allowed.

 MAC Address : Enter MAC address (e.g. aa:bb:cc:00:00:0a) and click “Add” button,

then the MAC address should display in the MAC Filter List.

There are a maximum of 20 clients allowed in this MAC Filter List. The MAC addresses of the wireless clients can be added and removed to the list using the Add and Delete buttons. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

47

Parental Control Setup

Parental Control allows you to block or allow specific kinds of Internet usage and traffic, such as Internet access, designated services, and websites.

Please click on Advance -> Parental Control and follow the below setting.

 Rules : control can be managed by a rule. Use the settings on this screen to

establish an access policy.

 Comment : Enter a descriptive name for this rule for identifying purposes.  MAC Address : Enter MAC address in valid MAC address

format(xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx) and click “Add” button to add in the MAC group of each rule. Click “Remove” button can remove MAC address in the group of each rule. There are 10 MAC address maximum allowed in each rule.

 Local / Destination IP : Specify local(LAN)/ destination IP addresses range

required for this rule. If you specify local IP addresses range from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.2.254. The matches a range of local IP addresses include every single IP address from the first to the last, so the example above includes everything from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.2.254.

 Protocol : Select Any or specify protocol(TCP, UDP, ICMP, URL Blocking and

WIFI WAN

Main

LAN

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

48

Application) from drop-down list. When you select ICMP or Layer 7 Application , the Local(LAN)/ Destination Port cannot used.

If you want to block websites with specific URL address or using specific keywords, enter each URL or keyworks in the “URL Blocking” field and click “Add” button to add in the URL Blocking list of each rule. Click “Remove” button can remove URL or keywords.

 Local Port : Specify local port(LAN port) range required for this rule  Destination Port : Specify destination port range required for this rule  Active : Check Enable button to activate this rule, and Disable to deactivate.

Click “Add” button to add control rule to List. There are 10 rules maximum allowed in this Control List. All rules can be removed or edited on the List. Click Reboot button to activate your changes.

QoS Setup

Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network's ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth. Without QoS, all traffic data is equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network performance and make the network inadequate for timecritical application such as video-on-demand. A classifier groups traffic into data flows according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number or incoming port number. For example, you can configure a classifier to select traffic from the same protocol port (such as FTP) to form a flow.

WAN

LAN NAT

Download: 2048K

Upload: 1024K

Download: 512K

Upload: 256K

Download: 1024K

Upload: 256K

Shaping

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

49

Please click on Advance -> QoS and follow the below setting.

 Rules : Use the rules to define the classifiers. After you define the rules, you can

specify action to act upon the traffic that matches the rules

 Comment : Enter a descriptive name for this rule for identifying purposes.

 MAC Address : Enter MAC address in valid MAC address

format(xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx) and click “Add” button to add in the MAC group of each rule. Click “Remove” button can remove MAC address in the group of each rule. There are 10 MAC address maximum allowed in each rule.

 Local / Destination IP : Specify local(LAN)/ destination IP addresses range

required for this rule. If you specify local IP addresses range from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.2.254. The matches a range of local IP addresses include every single IP address from the first to the last, so the example above includes everything from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.2.254.

 DSCP Class : Differentiated services code point, DSCP. Select Any or specify

classify traffic from drop-down list. The Per-Hop Behavior (PHB) is indicated by encoding a 6-bit value—called the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)—into the 8-bit Differentiated Services (DS) field of the IP packet header. Below depicts class for DSCP.

 BE : Default PHB, which is typically best-effort traffic  EF : Expedited Forwarding PHB, dedicated to low-loss, low-latency traffic  AF : Assured Forwarding PHB, which gives assurance of delivery under

conditions. The AF behavior group defines four separate AF classes. Within each class, packets are given a drop precedence (high, medium or low). The combination of classes and drop precedence yields twelve separate DSCP encodings from AF11 through AF43 (see table)

 Protocol : Select Any or specify protocol(TCP, UDP, ICMP, Application) from

drop-down list. When you select ICMP or Layer 7 Application , the Local/ Destination Port cannot used.

 Local Port : Specify local port(LAN port) range required for this rule  Destination Port : Specify destination port range required for this rule

 Action : After configuring rule, a policy rule ensures that a traffic flow gets the

requested treatment in the network.

 Remark DSCP : Specify a new DSCP class, if you want to replace or remark the

DSCP

DROP Precedence Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4

Low Drop AF11 AF21 AF31 AF41

Medium Drop AF12 AF22 AF32 AF42

High Drop

AF13

AF23

AF33

AF43

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

50

 Bandwidth : Click “Enable” to activate function, and click “Disable” to

deactivate function

 Upload / Download : Specify the bandwidth in kilobit per second (Kbps). Enter

a number between 8 to 8192, default upload is 128 Kbps, download is 1024 Kbps.

Click “Add” button to add QoS rule to List. There are 10 rules maximum allowed in this QoS List. All rules can be removed or edited on the List. Click Reboot button to activate your changes.

When you create rules on the QoS List, the previous rules have higher priority. . Below depict the examples for explaining priority of QoS setup.

 Example 1 : On this setting, the FTP has 1024 Kbps upload and 8196 Kbps

download on 192.168.2.10. The remaining IP address and other remaining protocol of IP address 192.168.2.10 only can use total bandwidth 512 Kbps bandwidth. Because rule 1's priority is higher than rule 2

 Example 2 : On this setting, the FTP has 512 Kbps upload and 512 Kbps

download on 192.168.2.10 Because rule 1's priority is higher than rule 2

Resource Sharing DMZ

DMZ is commonly work with the N AT functionality as an alternative of Virtual Server(Port Forwarding) while wanting all ports of DMZ host visible to Internet users. Virtual Server rules have precedence over the DMZ rule. In order to use a range of ports available to access to different internal hosts Virtual Server rules are needed.

Please click on Advance -> DMZ and follow the below setting.

 DMZ : By default, it’s “Disable”. Check Enable radial button to enable DMZ.  IP Address : Enter IP address of DMZ host and only one DMZ host is supported.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes.

WIFI WAN

Main

LAN

DMZ

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

51

Virtual Server (Port Forwarding)

“Virtual Server” can also referred to as “Port Forward” as well and used interchangeably. Resources in the network can be exposed to the Internet users in a controlled manner including on-line gaming, video conferencing or others via Virtual Server setup. Don’t repeat ports’ usage to avoid confusion. Suppose you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), and port 80 to another (B in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet.

Please click on Advance -> Virtual Server and follow the below setting.

 Virtual Server : By Default, It’s “Disable”. Check Enable radial button to enable

Virtual Server.

 Description : Enter appropriate message for resource sharing via Virtual Server.  Private IP : Enter corresponding IP address of internal resource to share.  Protocol Type : Select appropriate sessions, TCP or UDP, from shared host via

multiple private ports.

 Private Port : A port or a range of ports may be specified as start:end; i.e. port

20:80

 Public Port : A port or a range of ports may be specified as start:end; i.e. port 20:80

. Click “Add” button to add Virtual Server rule to List. Total of maximum 20 rules are allowed in this List. All rules can be edited or removed from the List. Click Reboot button to activate your changes. While creating multiple Virtual Server rules, the prior rules have higher priority. The Virtual server rules have precedence over the DMZ one while both rules exist. Example 1 and 2 demonstrate proper usage of DMZ and Virtual Server rules.

 Example 1 : All connections should be redirected to 192.168.2.12 while DMZ is

enabled. Since Virtual Server rules have precedence over the DMZ rule all connections to TCP port 22 will be directed to TCP port 22 of 192.168.2.10 and remaining connections to port TCP 20~80 will be redirected to port TCP 20~80 of

192.168.2.11

WIFI WAN

Main

LAN B

A

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

52

DMZ Enabled : 192.168.2.12

Rule Protocol Private IP Private Port Public Port

1

TCP

192.168.2.10

22

2 TCP 192.168.2.11 20:80 20:80

 Example 2 : All connections should be redirected to 192.168.2.12 while DMZ is

enabled. Since Virtual Server rules have precedence over the DMZ rule all other connections to TCP port 20~80 will be redirected to port 20~80 of 192.168.2.11. The rule 2 won’t take effect.

DMZ Enabled : 192.168.2.12

Rule

Protocol

Private IP

Private Port

Public Port

1 TCP 192.168.2.11 20:80 20:80

2

TCP

192.168.2.10

22

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

53

System Status

This section breaks down into subsections of System Overview, Station Statistics, Extra Information and Event Log.

Overview

Detailed information on System, WAN Information, LAN Information and DHCP Server Status can be reviewed via this page.

 System : Display the information of the system.

 System Name : The name of the system.  Operating Mode : The mode currently in service.  Location : The reminding note on the geographical location of the system.  Description : The reminding note of the system.  Firmware Version : The current firmware version installed.  Firmware Date : The build time of the firmware installed.  Device Time : The current time of the system.  System Up Time : The time period that system has been in service since last

reboot.

 WAN Information : Display the information of the WAN interface.

The WAN port specified Dynamic IP, the Release and Renew button will be showup, click Release button to release IP address of WAN port, Renew button to renew IP address through DHCP server.

The WAN port specified PPPoE or PPTP, and the Connect and DisConnect button will be show up. Click “Connect” button to assigned IP address from PPPoE or PPTP server, “DisConnect” button to release IP address of WAN port.

 Mode : Supports Static, Dynamic, PPPoE and PPTP modes.  Reconnect Mode : The current reconnect mode of the PPPoE or PPTP.  MAC Address : The MAC address of the WAN port.  IP Address : The IP address of the WAN port.  IP Netmask : The IP netmask of the WAN port.  IP Gateway : The gateway IP address of the WAN port.  Primary DNS : The primary DNS server in service.  Secondary DNS : The secondary DNS server in service.  Receive bytes : The total received packets in bytes on the WAN port.  Receive packets : The total received packets of the WAN port.  Transmit bytes : The total transmitted packets in bytes of the WAN port.  Transmit packets : The total transmitted packets of the WAN port.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

54

 LAN Information : Display total received and transmitted statistics on the LAN

interface.

 MAC Address : The MAC address of the LAN port.  IP Address : The IP address of the LAN port.  IP Netmask : The IP netmask of the LAN port.  Receive bytes : The total received packets in bytes on the LAN port.  Receive packets : The total received packets of the LAN port.  Transmit bytes : The total transmitted packets in bytes of the LAN port.  Transmit packets : The total transmitted packets of the LAN port.

 DHCP Server Status : Users could retrieve DHCP server and DHCP clients’ IP/MAC

address via this field.

 IP Address : IP addresses to LAN devices by DHCP server.  MAC Address : MAC addresses of LAN devices.  Expired In : Shows how long the leased IP address will expire.

Station Statistics

Link information, Transmit and Receive Statistics for the connection with AP, Below depicts an example for Station Statistics.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

55

 Link Status :

 Status : Shows the current link status. It should be “Connected” or

“Disconnected”.

 ESSID : Shows the current SSID, which must be the same on the wireless client

and AP in order for communication to be established.

 BSSID : Shows the associated BSSID, which can be used to identify the wireless

access point.

 Extra Info : Shows the current link status of extra information. It should be

“Link is Up” or “Link is Down”,

 Channel : Shows current channel and central channel, its corresponding

frequency.

 Link Speed(Mbps) : The data transfer speed adopted by this network.

(measured in Mbits per second)

 Link Quality : Shows the link quality of the system with an access point.  Signal Strength ANT0/ANT1 : Shows the wireless signal strength of the

connection between system and an access point.

 HT Status :

 Channel BandWidth : Shows the current channel bandwidth used for

communication. It should be “20” or “40”

 Guard Interval : Shows the current GI used for communication. It should be

“short” or “long”.

 MCS : Shows the current GI used for communication. It should be between 0

to 15 or 32.

 Transmit Statistics

 Frames Transmitted Successfully: The number of successfully transmitted

frames.

 Frames Transmitted Successfully Without Retry: The number of successfully

transmitted frames without any retry.

 Frames Transmitted Successfully After Retry(s): The number of successfully

transmitted frames with one or more retries.

 Frames Fail To Receive ACK After All Retries: The number of unsuccessfully

transmitted frame with many retries.

 RTS Frames Successfully Receive CTS: The number of successful received CTS

(Clear To Send) response after this TEW-676APBO sends out the RTS (Request To Send) message.

 RTS Frames Fail To Receive CTS: The number of unsuccessful received CTS

response after this TEW-676APBO sends out the RTS message.

 Receive Statistics

 Frames Received Successfully: The number of successful received frames.  Frames Received With CRC Error: The number of received frames with CRC

(Cyclical Redundancy Checking) error.

 Frames Dropped Due To Out-of-Resource: The number of dropped frames.  Duplicate Frames Received: The number of duplicate frames.

Extra Info

Users could pull out information such as Route table, ARP table, MAC table, Bridge table or STP available in the drop-down list from system. The “Refresh” button is used to retrieve latest table information.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

56

 Netstat Information : Select “NetStatus Information” on the drop-down list, the

connection track list should

 NetStatus will show all connection track on the system, the information include

Protocol, Live Time, Status , Source/Destination IP address and Port.

 Route table information : Select “Route table information” on the drop-down list

to display route table.

TEW-676APBO could be used as a L2 or L3 device. It doesn’t support dynamic routing protocols such as RIP or OSPF. Static routes to specific hosts, networks or default gateway are set up automatically according to the IP configuration of system's interfaces. When used as a L2 device, it could switch packets and, as L3 device, it’s capable of being a gateway to route packets inward and outward.

 ARP table Information : Select “ARP Table Information” on the drop-down list to

display ARP table.

ARP associates each IP address to a unique hardware address (MAC) of a device. It is important to have a unique IP address as final destination to switch packets to.

 Bridge table information : Select “Bridge Table information” on the drop-down list

to display bridge table.

Bridge table will show Bridge ID and STP's Status on the each Ethernet bridge and its attached interfaces, the Bridge Port should be attached to some interfaces.

 Bridge MAC information : Select “Bridge MACs Information” on the drop-down list

to display MAC table.

This table displays local MAC addresses associated with wired or wireless interfaces,

but also remember non-local MAC addresses learned from wired or wireless interfaces.

Ageing timers will be reset when existing MAC addresses in table are learned again or added when new MAC addresses are seen from wired or wireless interfaces as well. When time runs out for a particular entry, it will be pruned from the table. In that situation, switching packet to that particular MAC address will be discontinued.

 Bridge STP Information : Select “Bridge STP Information” on the drop-down list to

display a list of bridge STP information.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

57

QoS Plot

The QoS Plot show graphs which continuously represents the current data traffic on each QoS rule. The chart scale and throughput dimension (bps, Kbps, Mbps) changes dynamically according to the mean throughput value. The statistics is updated automatically every 5 seconds. The throughput statistics of QoS can be updated manually using the Refresh button.

Event Log

The Event log displays system events when system is up and running. Also, it becomes very useful as a troubleshooting tool when issues are experienced in system.

 Time : The date and time when the event occurred.  Facility : It helps users to identify source of events such “System” or “User”  Severity : Severity level that a specific event is associated such as “info”, “error”,

“warning”, etc.

 Message : Description of the event.

Click Refresh button to renew the log, or click Clear button to clear all the record.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

58

CPE + AP Mode Configuration

When CPE+AP mode is chosen, the system can be configured as a Customer Premises Equipment(CPE). This section provides detailed explanation for users to configure in the CPE+AP mode with help of illustrations. In the CPE+AP mode, functions listed in the table below are also available from the Web-based GUI interface.

CPE+AP Mode Functions

External Network Connection Network Requirement

It can be used as an Outdoor Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) to receive and repeat wireless signal over last mile application, helping WISPs deliver wireless broadband Internet service to residents and business customers. In the CPE+AP mode, TEW676APBO is a gateway enabled with NAT and DHCP Server functions. The wired and wireless clients connected to TEW-676APBO are in different subnet from those connected to Main Base Station, and, in CPE+AP mode, it accepts wireless connections from wireless client devices.

CPE+AP mode network configuration

OPTION System Wireless Advance Utilities Status

Functions

Operating Mode General Setup DMZ

Profiles

Settings

System

Overview

WAN

Advanced

Setup

IP Filter

Firmware

Upgrade

Station

Statistics

LAN

Repeater AP

Setup

MAC Filter

Network

Utility

Extra Info

DDNS

Wireless

Profile

Virtual Server Reboot QoS Plot

Management Site Survey Parental Control Event Log

Time Server QoS

UPNP

SNMP

Main

SSID: Repeater_Main_AP

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

59

Configure WAN Setup

There are three connection types for the WAN port : Static IP, Dynamic IP, PPPoE and PPTP, Please click on System -> WAN and follow the below setting.

 Mode : By default, it’s “Static IP”. Check “Static IP”, “Dynamic IP”, “PPPoE” or

“PPTP”to set up system WAN IP.

 Static IP : Users can manually setup the WAN IP address with a static IP

provided by WISP.

 IP Address : The IP address of the WAN port; default IP address is

192.168.1.254

 IP Netmask : The Subnet mask of the WAN port; default Netmask is

255.255.255.0

 IP Gateway : The default gateway of the WAN port; default Gateway is

192.168.1.1

 Dynamic IP : Please consult with WISP for correct wireless settings to associate

with WISP AP before a dynamic IP, along with related IP settings including DNS can be available from DHCP server. If IP Address is not assigned, please double check with your wireless settings and ensure successful association. Also, you may go to “WAN Information” in the Overview page to click Release button to

release IP address and click Renew button to renew IP address again.

 Hostname : The Hostname of the WAN port

 PPPoE : To create wireless PPPoE WAN connection to a PPPoE server in

network.

 User Name : Enter User Name for PPPoE connection  Password : Enter Password for PPPoE connection  Reconnect Mode :

• Always on – A connection to Internet is always maintained.

• On Demand – A connection to Internet is made as needed.

• Manual – Click the “Connect” button on “WAN Information” in the

Overview page to connect to the Internet.

 Idle Time : Time to last before disconnecting PPPoE session when it is

idle. Enter preferred Idle Time in minutes. Default is “0”, indicates disabled. When Idle time is disabled, the “Reconnect Mode” will turn out “Always on”

 MTU : By default, it’s 1492 bytes. MTU stands for Maximum Transmission

Unit. Consult with WISP for a correct MTU setting.

 PPTP : The Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) mode enables the

implementation of secure multi-protocol Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)

through public networks.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

60

 IP Address : The IP address of the WAN port  IP Netmask : The Subnet mask of the WAN port  PPTP Server IP Address : The IP address of the PPTP server  User Name : Enter User Name for PPTP connection  Password : Enter Password for PPTP connection  Reconnect Mode :

• Always on – A connection to Internet is always maintained.

• On Demand – A connection to Internet is made as needed.

• Manual – Click the “Connect” button on “WAN Information” in the

Overview page to connect to the Internet.

 Idle Time : Time to last before disconnecting PPPoE session when it is

idle. Enter preferred Idle Time in minutes. Default is “0”, indicates disabled. When Idle time is disabled, the “Reconnect Mode” will turn out “Always on”

 MTU : By default, it’s 1460 bytes. MTU stands for Maximum Transmission

Unit. Consult with WISP for a correct MTU setting.

 MPPE Encryption : Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption (MPPE) encrypts

data in Point-to-Point Protocol(PPP)-based dial-up connections or Pointto-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) virtual private network (VPN) connections. 128-bit key (strong) and 40-bit key (standard) MPPE encryption schemes are supported. MPPE provides data security for the PPTP connection that is between the VPN client and the VPN server.

 DNS : Check “No Default DNS Server” or “Specify DNS Server IP” radial button as

desired to set up system DNS.

 Primary : The IP address of the primary DNS server.

 Secondary : The IP address of the secondary DNS server.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

Configure DDNS Setup

Dynamic DNS allows you to map domain name to dynamic IP address. Please click on System -> DDNS Setup and follow the below setting.

 Enabled: By default, it’s “Disable”. The mapping domain name won’t change when

dynamic IP changes. The beauty of it is no need to remember the dynamic WAP IP while accessing to it.

 Service Provider: Select the preferred Service Provider from the drop-down list

including dyndns, dhs, ods and tzo

 Hostname: Host Name that you register to Dynamic-DNS service and export.  User Name & Password: User Name and Password are used to login DDNS service.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

61

Configure LAN Setup

Here are the instructions for how to setup the local IP Address and Netmask. Please click on System -> LAN and follow the below setting.

 LAN IP : The administrator can manually setup the LAN IP address.

 IP Address : The IP address of the LAN port; default IP address is

192.168.2.254

 IP Netmask : The Subnet mask of the LAN port; default Netmask is

255.255.255.0

 DHCP Setup : Devices connected to the system can obtain an IP address

automatically when this service is enabled.

 DHCP : Check Enable button to activate this function or Disable to deactivate

this service.

 Start IP / End IP: Specify the range of IP addresses to be used by the DHCP

server when assigning IP address to clients. The default range IP address is

192.168.2.10 to 192.168.2.70, the netmask is 255.255.255.0

 DNS1 IP : Enter IP address of the first DNS server; this field is required.  DNS2 IP : Enter IP address of the second DNS server; this is optional.  WINS IP : Enter IP address of the Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)

server; this is optional.

 Domain : Enter the domain name for this network.  Lease Time : The IP addresses given out by the DHCP server will only be valid

for the duration specified by the lease time. Increasing the time ensure client operation without interruptions, but could introduce potential conflicts. Lowering the lease time will avoid potential address conflicts, but might cause more interruptions to the client while it will acquire new IP addresses from the DHCP server. Default is 86400 seconds

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

62

Access Point Association Configure Wireless General Setting

The administrator can change the data transmission, channel and output power settings for the system. Please click on Wireless -> General Setup and follow the below setting.

 Band Mode : Select an appropriate wireless band; bands available are 801.11a or

802.11a/n mixed mode.

 Transmit Rate Control : Select the desired rate from the drop-down list; the options

are auto or ranging from 6 to 54 Mbps for 802.11a

 Tx Powe r : You can adjust the output power of the system to get the appropriate

coverage for your wireless network. Specify digit number between 1 to 100 (the unit is %) for your environment. If you are not sure of which setting to choose, then keep the default setting, 100%.

When Band Mode select in 802.11a only mode, the HT(High Throughput) Physical Mode and 11n Configuration settings should be hidden immediately.

 Operating Mode : By default, it's Mixed Mode.

 Mixed Mode : In this mode packets are transmitted with a preamble

compatible with the legacy 802.11a/g, the rest of the packet has a new format. In this mode the receiver shall be able to decode both the Mixed Mode packets and legacy packets.

 Green Field : In this mode high throughput packets are transmitted without a

legacy compatible part.

 Channel Bandwidth : The "Auto” MHz option is usually best. The other option is

available for special circumstances.

 Guard Interval : Using “Auto” option can increase throughput. However, it can also

increase error rate in some installations, due to increased sensitivity to radiofrequency reflections. Select the option that works best for your installation.

 MCS : This parameter represents transmission rate. By default (Auto) the fastest

possible transmission rate will be selected. You have the option of selecting the speed if necessary. (Refer to Appendix C. MCS Data Rate)

 MPDU Enable : Check Enable button to activate this function, and Disable to

deactivate.

 A-MPDU : A-MPDU (Aggregated Mac Protocol Data Unit) allows the transmissions

of multiple Ethernet frames to a single location as burst of up to 64kbytes This is performed on the hardware itself. Select “Manual” to set “MPDU Density”

 MPDU Density : Minimum separation of MPDUs in an A-MPDU.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

No Restriction

¼ µs

½ µs

1 µs

2 µs

4 µs

8 µs

16 µs

 A-MSDU : Aggregated Mac Service Data Unit, A-MSDU. Select Enable to allows

aggregation for multiple MSDUs in one MPDU. Default is disabled.

Click Save button to save your changes. Click Reboot button to activate your changes.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

63

Wireless Advanced Setup

To achieve optimal wireless performance, it is necessary to tweak advance setting per requirements properly, not necessary higher the better or lower. The administrator can change the RTS threshold and fragmentation threshold settings for the system. Please click on Wireless -> Advanced Setup and follow the below setting.

 Short Slot : By default, it’s “Enable” for educing the slot time from the standard 20

microseconds to the 9 microsecond short slot time

Slot time is the amount of time a device waits after a collision before retransmitting a packet. Reducing the slot time decreases the overall back-off, which increases throughput. Back-off, which is a multiple of the slot time, is the random length of time a station waits before sending a packet on the LAN. For a sender and receiver own right of the channel the shorter slot time help manage shorter wait time to retransmit from collision because of hidden wireless clients or other causes. When collision sources can be removed sooner and other senders attempting to send are listening the channel(CSMA/CA) the owner of the channel should continue ownership and finish their transmission and release the channel. Then, following ownership of the channel will be sooner for the new pair due to shorter slot time. However, when long duration of existing collision sources and shorter slot time exist the owners might experience subsequent collisions. When adjustment to longer slot time can’t improve performance then RTS/CTS could supplement and help improve performance.

 Extra Slot Time : Slot time is in the range of 1~255 and set in unit of microsecond.

The default value is 9 microsecond.

 ACK Timeout : ACK timeout is in the range of 1~255 and set in unit of microsecond.

The default value is 32 microsecond.

All data transmission in 802.11b/g request an “Acknowledgement” (ACK) send by receiving radio. The transmitter will resend the original packet if correspondent ACK failed to arrive within specific time interval, also refer to as “ACK Timeout”. ACK Timeout is adjustable due to the fact that distance between two radio links may vary in different deployment. ACK Timeout makes significant influence in performance of long distance radio link. If ACK Timeout is set too short, transmitter will start to “Resend” packet before ACK is received, and throughputs become low due to excessively high re-transmission. ACK Timeout is best determined by distance between the radios, data rate of average environment. The Timeout value is calculated based on round-trip time of packet with a little tolerance, So, if experiencing re-transmissions or poor performance the ACK Timeout could be made longer to accommodate.

 Beacon Interval : Beacon Interval is in the range of 20~1024 and set in unit of

millisecond. The default value is 100 msec.

Access Point (AP) in IEEE 802.11 will send out a special approximated 50-byte frame, called “Beacon”. Beacon is broadcast to all the stations, provides the basic information of AP such as SSID, channel, encryption keys, signal strength, time stamp, support data rate. All the radio stations received beacon recognizes the existence of such AP, and may proceed next actions if the information from AP matches the requirement. Beacon is sent on a periodic basis, the time interval can be adjusted.

By increasing the beacon interval, you can reduce the number of beacons and associated overhead, but that will likely delay the association and roaming process because stations scanning for available access points may miss the beacons. You can decrease the beacon interval, which increases the rate of beacons. This will make the association and roaming process very responsive; however, the network will incur additional overhead and throughput will go down.

 DTIM Interval : The DTIM interval is in the range of 1~255. The default is 1.

DTIM is defined as Delivery Traffic Indication Message. It is used to notify the wireless stations, which support power saving mode, when to wake up to receive multicast frame. DTIM is necessary and critical in wireless environment as a mechanism to fulfill power-saving synchronization.

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

64

A DTIM interval is a count of the number of beacon frames that must occur before the access point sends the buffered multicast frames. For instance, if DTIM Interval is set to 3, then the Wi-Fi clients will expect to receive a multicast frame after receiving three Beacon frame. The higher DTIM interval will help power saving and possibly decrease wireless throughput in multicast applications.

 Fragment Threshold : The Fragment Threshold is in the range of 256~2346 byte.

The default is 2346 byte.

Each Wi-Fi packet can be divided into smaller packets, marked with a sequential fragment number and re-assemble in the receiving ends. The purpose is to make a short frame, instead of long frame, transmitting by radio in a heavy noisy environment. Because of sending smaller frames, corruptions are much less likely to occur. The pros is obvious, the cons is the overhead for transmission. So, in a clean environment, higher fragment threshold can be an option to increase throughput.

Fragmentation will be triggered by setting the Fragment Threshold, usually in Bytelength. Only when the frame size is over the Threshold, fragmentation will take place automatically.

 RTS Threshold : TRTS Threshold is in the range of 1~2347 byte. The default is 2347

byte.

The main purpose of enabling RTS by changing RTS threshold is to reduce possible

collisions due to hidden wireless clients. RTS in AP will be enabled automatically if the packet size is larger than the Threshold value. By default, RTS is disabled in a normal environment supports non-jumbo frames.

 Short Preamble : By default, it’s “Enable”. To Disable is to use Long 128-bit

Preamble Synchronization field.

The preamble is used to signal "here is a train of data coming" to the receiver. The short preamble provides 72-bit Synchronization field to improve WLAN transmission efficiency with less overhead.

 Tx Burst : By default, it’s “Enable”. To Disable is to deactivate Tx Burst.

With TX burst enabled, AP will send many packets in a burst, without collision detection and RTS/CTS for each packet. TX Burst have better throughput but cause interference with other APs in channel.

 Pkt_Aggregate : By default, it's “Enable”

Increase efficiency by aggregating multiple packets of application data into a single transmission frame. In this way, 802.11n networks can send multiple data packets with the fixed overhead cost of just a single frame.

 WMM : By default, it's “Disable”. To Enable is to use WMM and the WMM

parameters should appears.

WMM Parameters of Access Point : This affects traffic flowing from the access

point to the client station

Configuring QoS options consists of setting parameters on existing queues for different types of wireless traffic. You can configure different minimum and maximum wait times for the transmission of packets in each queue based on

Queue

Data

Transmitted

Clients to AP

Priority Description

AC_BK Background. Low

High throughput. Bulk data that requires

maximum throughput and is not time-sensitive

is sent to this queue (FTP data, for example).

AC_BE Best Effort Medium

Medium throughput and delay. Most traditional

IP data is sent to this queue

AC_VI Video High

Minimum delay. Time-sensitive video data is automatically sent to this queue

AC_VO Voice High

Time-sensitive data like VoIP and streaming

media are automatically sent to this queue

TRENDnet User’s Guide

TEW-676APBO

65

the requirements of the media being sent. Queues automatically provide minimum transmission delay for Voice, Video, multimedia, and mission critical applications, and rely on best-effort parameters for traditional IP data. As an Example, time-sensitive Voice & Video, and multimedia are given effectively higher priority for transmission (lower wait times for channel access), while other applications and traditional IP data which are less timesensitive but often more data-intensive are expected to tolerate longer wait times.