TRAXENS WING4TRAX User Manual
Title
Wing4TRAX modem hardware OEM user manual
Reference
DSE-WING4TRAX OEM-User Manual v1.4.docx
Author
Pascal DARAGON
Stream
TRAX-Net
Security
Level 1 – Restricted
Version/Revision
1.4
Edition Date
20/07/2016
Status
Final
Version/Revision
Details
Date
Editor
1.0
Initial version
28/04/2016
P. DARAGON
1.1
Minor corrections & add typical design
06/05/2016
P. DARAGON
1.2
Change VDD range & add conformity information
22/06/2016
P. DARAGON
1.3
Conformity declarations upgrades & add LBT + AFA
05/07/2016
P. DARAGON
1.4
Add integration guidelines & product testing
20/07/2016
P. DARAGON
DSE
Revision History
TRAX-Net module
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Date
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INDEX
1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1 References .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Terms and abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 General presentation ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.4 TRAX-Net at a glance ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.5 Main features ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.6 Pinout definition ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
2 Functional interfaces ........................................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.1 Typical design ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2 Host CPU ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
2.3 Antenna ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
2.4 GPIOs ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
2.5 ADC ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
2.6 SPI .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
2.6 I2C ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
2.7 EXT_IRQ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
3 Hardware Interfaces ............................................................................................................................................................................ 13
3.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................................................................................................................................. 13
3.2 DC characteristics ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.3 RF characteristics ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
3.4 Mechanical characteristics .............................................................................................................................................................................. 16
3.5 Footprint characteristics .................................................................................................................................................................................. 17
4 Declarations of conformity ............................................................................................................................................................... 18
4.1 R&TTE conformity for 433 MHz and 863 MHz bands ........................................................................................................................... 18
4.2 FCC conformity for 915 MHz band ............................................................................................................................................................... 18
4.3 CSA conformity for 915 MHz band ............................................................................................................................................................... 19
5 Integration Guidelines ........................................................................................................................................................................ 20
5.1 Design Checklist ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
5.1.1 Schematics ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
5.1.2 Layout ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20
5.1.3 Antenna ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
5.2 Layout Recommendations ................................................................................................................................................................................ 21
5.2.1 Guidelines per pin function ...................................................................................................................................................................... 21
5.2.2 RF antenna connection ............................................................................................................................................................................... 21
5.3 Antenna Characteristics ................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
5.3.1 Antenna termination ................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
5.3.2 Antenna radiation ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
TRAXENS SAS – Les Baronnies – Bâtiment C – 15 Rue Marc Donadille – 13453 Marseille – France
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6 Product Testing ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
6.1 TRAXENS manufacturing tests ...................................................................................................................................................................... 30
6.2 Tests policy for OEM manufacturer .............................................................................................................................................................. 31
6.2.1 “GO/no GO” tests ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
6.2.2 Functional RF tests ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
7 Disclaimers ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
7.1 Document Status .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
7.2 ESD ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 33
7.3 Warranty ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 33
7.4 Disposal of waste by users in private households within the European Union ............................................................... 33
TRAXENS SAS – Les Baronnies – Bâtiment C – 15 Rue Marc Donadille – 13453 Marseille – France
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ID
Name
Author
Date
Version
R1
UART COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL WING4TRAX-HOST
N. GUZZO
16/06/2016
1.59
R2
DSE - W4T - HOSTCOM Test commands
P. DARAGON
05/07/2016
1.5
1 INTRODUCTION
This manual is intended solely to TRAXENS internal use, as part of the integration of Wing4TRAX module
into its asset tracking devices TRAX-Box and their derivatives, or to system integrators duly certified by
TRAXENS
All rights to this manual are the exclusive property of TRAXENS. All rights reserved. Copying this manual
without written permission from the owner via printing, copying, recording or by any other means, translating this manual in full or partially is prohibited.
1.1 REFERENCES
1.2 TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
AFA Adaptive Frequency Agility
AGFS Automatic Geographic-based Frequency Selection
CTS Clear To Send
FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
GMSK Gaussian Minimum Frequency Shift Keying
GPS Global Positioning System
GSM Global System for Mobile communications
ISM Industrial – Scientific – Medical
LBT Listen Before Talk
MAC Media Access Control (radio layer)
MCC Mobile Country Code
NET NETwork (radio layer)
NPM Network Phy Mode (message)
P2P Peer To Peer
PHY PHYsical (radio layer)
PIFA Planar Inverted-F Antenna
RTS Request To Send
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
WAN Wide Area Network
WOR Wake On Radio
WSN Wireless Sensor Network
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1.3 GENERAL PRESENTATION
Wing4TRAX is a universal sub-GHz radio module with the native capability to support the 3 unlicensed ISM
bands available worldwide: 433 MHz, 868 MHz and 915 MHz
It has been designed to be connected to a host controller thru an UART interface, like a standard radio
modem. It embeds the robust and efficient TRAX-Net protocol stack, with P2P communication and/or
mesh routing capabilities, between single or several nodes registered into a TRAX-Net cluster
Selection of the working band depends on the country where the Wing4TRAX module is operated and is
performed thanks to a specific command issued by the host controller, using proprietary AGFS algorithm.
TRAXENS provides a fully portable ANSI-C library to be executed on the host controller, to select the proper
band as a function of geolocation information, gathered from multiple sources: GPS position, GSM MCC or
NPM messages broadcasted by other TRAX-Net nodes.
In any case, frequency hopping channels and RF output power are settled to be in conformity with local
regulations; if geolocation information is not available, Wing4TRAX module remains silent and enters by
default in sniffer mode, listening for a NPM message.
Note: AGFS algorithm controls the Wing4TRAX firmware execution and guarantees the non-infringement of
local radio regulations in force where the module is operated by a host controller; therefore, integrity and
conformity of AGFS algorithm implementation into the host controller is verified during the TRAXENS certification process of its own products, as for those developed by integrators
TRAXENS SAS – Les Baronnies – Bâtiment C – 15 Rue Marc Donadille – 13453 Marseille – France
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1.4 TRAX-NET AT A GLANCE
TRAX-Net is a cluster-based WSN protocol in which some nodes are in charge to aggregate the data
collected from other nodes and deliver it to the sink. The sink is either a TRAX-Gate gateway connected to a
WAN thru Ethernet, WiFi or GSM, or another TRAX-Net node with GSM connection capabilities
When a TRAX-Gate is present, it forms a super cluster and all TRAX-Net nodes in its communication range
join it, as illustrated below:
When no Gateway is present in the nearby, an election scheme selects some TRAX-Net nodes to be in
charge of collecting the data generated by the neighbors and transmit it to the TRAXENS data center passing through the GSM connection, as illustrated below:
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Parameter
Value
Max number of members in a cluster
250
Max number of members in a super-cluster
Undefined
Max number of affiliates per member
16
Max hop-distance
8+1 hops
Max data in a packet
2500 Bytes
TRAX-Net protocol stack is divided into 3 main layers:
1. PHY, responsible for controlling the output power, channel frequency, modulation/demodulation,
symbol encoding/decoding and bit framing
2. MAC, responsible for controlling frame preamble, synchronization, packet format, node addressing
thanks to unique TRAX-Net ID, integrity checking and communication retries
3. NET, responsible for controlling cluster election policy, node status (HEAD, MEMBER, AFFILIATE,
LOOSE) and message routing thru the cluster
Each layer can be individually started by host controller, respecting a strict order: PHY layer first, followed
by MAC layer, then NET layer. Activation of PHY and MAC layers is direct thru specific commands; activation
of NET layer is conditioned to a prior mutual authentication between the host and Wing4TRAX module,
based on a shared secret AES key. This security has been put in place to avoid malicious generation of fake
TRAX-Net clusters, with intention to dump data of registered nodes and thus create a denial of service
Main features of TRAX-Net are listed in table below:
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Technical specifications
Details
Module dimensions
35 x 17.5 x 2.9 mm
Operating temperature
-40°C to +85°C
Operating voltage (VDD)
1.8V to 3.6V (3.0V typical)
RF chip (8 bits µC + RF front end)
AX8052F143
PA voltage (VDD_ANA)
Regulated from VDD to 1.8V (1)
Tx consumption @433.92 MHz
51 mA typ. @+13dBm
Tx consumption @866.5 MHz
49 mA typ. @+13dBm
Tx consumption @921.5 MHz
47 mA typ. @+13dBm
Rx consumption
11 mA
WOR consumption
13.9 µA
Programmable TX power
From -10dBm to +13dBm
ETSI 433 MHz band channel mapping
17 channels of 100KHz
ETSI 868 MHz band channel mapping
68 channels of 100KHz
FCC 915 MHz band channel mapping
68 channels of 100KHz
ARIB 920 MHz band channel mapping
32 channels of 100KHz
Sensitivity @433.92 MHz
Down to -109dBm @BER 10-3
Sensitivity @866.5 MHz
Down to -113dBm @BER 10-3
Sensitivity @921.5 MHz
Down to -110dBm @BER 10-3
Operating range (open space)
Up to 1km with external antenna
Medium access method
ETSI compliant LBT + AFA
RF communication
Unicast, broadcast, mesh routing
RF data rate (raw bit / payload byte)
20Kbps / ~1.1Kbyte per second
Host communication
UART 19200, n, 8, 1
Digital inputs / outputs
Up to 12 (5V tolerant)
Analog inputs (10 bits ADC)
2 channels (0..1V) @20ksample/s
Smart kernel (PHY layer + bootloader)
MAC + NET layers upgradable thru UART
1.5 MAIN FEATURES
Wing4TRAX’s main features are listed in table below:
(1) Power amplifier (PA) runs from the regulated VDD_ANA supply and not directly from the battery voltage VDD. This has
the advantage that the current and output power do not vary much over supply voltage and temperature
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Pin
Type
RST value
Description
1 - VDD
Power supply
X
Source voltage between 2.3V & 3.6V – also pin 6
2 - PA2
Analog input
X
Channel 2 – 10bits ADC – [0..1V] range
3 - GND
Ground
X
Also pins 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
5 - PA5
Analog input
X
Channel 5 – 10bits ADC – [0..1V] range
17 - ANT
Antenna RX-TX
X
Connect to a 50 antenna thru a 150pF coupling capacitor
25 - SYSCLK
Digital output
Hi-Z
Optional I2C clock line (SCL) or general purpose clock output
26 - PC4
Digital IO
Hi-Z
Optional I2C data line (SDA) or EXT_IRQ input (EXTIRQ_EVENT)
27 - PC3
Digital IO
Hi-Z
Optional SPI MISO input or GPIO (PINC_3 in & PORTC_3 out bits)
28 - PC2
Digital IO
Hi-Z
Optional SPI MOSI output or GPIO (PINC_2 in & PORTC_2 out bits)
29 - PC1
Digital IO
Hi-Z
Optional SPI SCK output or GPIO (PINC_1 in & PORTC_1 out bits)
30 - PC0
Digital IO
Hi-Z
Optional SPI SS output or GPIO (PINC_0 in & PORTC_0 out bits)
31 - PB0
Digital input
Hi-Z
Optional UART CTS or general purpose (HOSTCTS_EVENT on PINB_0)
32 - PB1
Digital output
0 / 1
Optional UART RTS or general purpose (PORTB_1 out bit)
33 - PB2
Digital output
0
General purpose (PORTB_2 out bit)
34 - PB3
Digital input
Hi-Z
General purpose (GPINPUT_EVENT on PINB_3) & DEEPSLEEP wakeup
35 - PB4
Digital output
1
UART TXD for host interface
36 - PB5
Digital input
Hi-Z
UART RXD for host interface
37 - PB6
Digital output
0
General purpose (PORTB_6 out bit)
38 - PB7
Digital output
0
General purpose (PORTB_7 out bit)
39 – DBG_EN
Digital input
Pull-down
DEBUG only - Leave this pin unconnected
40 – RESET_N
Digital input
Pull-up
Internal 65K pull-up – if not used, leave this pin unconnected
1.6 PINOUT DEFINITION
Figure 1: top view pins numbering & naming
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2 FUNCTIONAL INTERFACES
2.1 TYPICAL DESIGN
2.2 HOST CPU
Communication between the host controller and Wing4TRAX module is based on a standard UART working
in half-duplex mode, as illustrated below:
Default factory UART setup is 19200 bauds, no parity, 8 data bits and 1 stop bit
By default, hardware flow control thru RTS/CTS handshaking signals is deactivated and RTS signal is set to 0
after reset; in this case, PB0 pin can be used as a general purpose input and PB1 as output
RTS/CTS handling can be activated thanks to a specific command issued by the host and RTS signal is set to
1 after reset; in this case PB0 and PB1 pins are reserved and driven by Wing4TRAX kernel
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