Single-Stage Hot Water or
Steam-Fired Absorption Water Chillers
500-1350 Tons
Built for Industrial and Commercial Applications
ABS-PRC001-ENJune 2003
Introduction
Hybrid Chiller Plant
A chiller plant design that allows the
operator to choose between multiple
energy sources is referred to as a hybrid
design. Hybrid chiller plants are
receiving increasing attention as
valuable options for facility owners.
There are various types of hybrid plant
designs. They encompass different
combinations of electric chillers and
other chiller types, including gas or
steam absorption chillers. The
advantages of having a choice of energy
sources will become even more viable
as we move further into the new
millennium.
Today we hear about utility deregulation.
For the first time, building owners can
negotiate power supply and natural gas
contracts with their traditional supplier,
as well as with new suppliers in the
market. The fuel-switching flexibility of
the hybrid plant puts the owner in a
much stronger negotiating position.
Similarly, many electric utilities offer
attractive off-peak or dual fuel electric
rates for applications which are not
operating during peak electric system
demand, most commonly in the
summer months. This represents an
opportunity for building owners who can
switch to a gas or steam system.
Trane has led in absorption chiller design
and manufacturing for four consecutive
decades. In fact, Trane is the only North
American chiller manufacturer to
commercialize double-effect absorption,
over 25 years ago. With over 10,000
absorption chillers manufactured and
shipped, Trane serves the commercial,
industrial and process worldwide
markets. Microelectronic controls,
adaptive frequency drives and smart
purge systems have modernized the
technology, making it more capable,
more reliable and, in many applications,
more economical.
Performance
• Produces colder chilled water to 40°F
[4.4°C].
• Starts with low 55°F [12.8°C] towerwater temperatures.
• Operates reliably with low 65°F [18.3°C]
tower-water temperatures.
Easier Installation
• Rigging eyes built-in as standard.
• Shell disassembly option.
• Crossover pipe and steam valve
available as an option.
Reliability
• Adaptive microprocessor controls.
• 50,000 hours life-extended pumps.
• Constructed of corrosion-resistant alloy
materials.
Design Diversity
• Marine water boxes on cooling-water
connections available as an option.
Capacity/COP/Steam Rate/Flow Rate, Pressure Drop
Tables, Capacity vs. Chilled Water Supply Temperature,
Energy Input vs. Capacity, Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate
Trane Horizon® Absorption
Series, Single-Stage Hot
Water- or Steam-Fired
Absorption Water Chillers,
500-1350 Tons
Technology You Can Trust
In the early 1990’s, with the assistance of
the Gas Research Institute, Trane began
developing an innovative series of
absorption chillers. In 1995, Horizon
chillers began shipping from the Trane
manufacturing facility in La Crosse,
Wisconsin. The Horizon chiller is so
advanced, it redefined industry
standards for absorption system
integrity. Horizon chiller performance,
efficiency and reliability far exceed that
of past and present absorption chillers.
Dynamic By Design
Because uninterrupted chiller service is
critical to your operation, Horizon chillers
are designed to make chilled water
reliably, even in the harshest industrial
application. Water-tower systems and
load requirements can challenge the
long-term operation of many standardgrade chillers. The industrial-grade
construction of the Horizon chiller
accounts for varying load and watertemperature changes, as well as dirty
tower water. They are built with
corrosive-resistant alloy metals, and
precision welded in an ISO 9001 qualitycertified facility. Only extended-life
pumps, valves and water boxes are
manufactured into their design. For
further dynamics, Horizon UCP2
adaptive microprocessor controls react
precisely to system diversification.
Quality construction, long-life
components and adaptive controls are
what make the Horizon dynamic by
design.
Operates With Energy-Saving,
Low-Pressure Steam or Hot Water
The Horizon family includes a singlestage, hot water- or steam-fired chiller
line. Able to produce chilled water in the
range of 40 to 60°F [4.4 to 15.6°C], these
machines use 12 psig [0.83 bar] lowgrade steam or 270°F [132°C] hot water.
Benefits
Making chilled water from these
comparatively low-temperature inputs is
particularly important for energy
conserving applications, such as wasteheat recovery, co-generation equipment
and solar-energy-powered cooling.
General
Using refrigerant water helps eliminate
refrigerant management or availability
concerns. Additionally, absorption
technology reduces the use of electric
energy.
ABS-PRC001-EN4
Features and
Sophisticated Reliability
Horizon controls meet specifications for
stand alone or hybrid chiller control.
UCP2 adaptive controls are critical to
reliable operation. Trane controls are
compatible with Integrated Comfort
Systems (ICS), and are easily integrated
into the Tracer
plant system controllers with a single
twisted-pair communications cable.
Ideal for Process and Commercial
Applications
With Horizon chillers, the application
possibilities for the absorption machine
are expanded. Capabilities such as lower
tower flow, variable evaporator flow,
lower chilled-water temperatures and
advanced control capabilities make the
single-stage Horizon absorption chiller
ideal for both process and comfort
applications.
When Long-lived Reliability
Is Important
Trane has been a long-time proponent of
the use of high-quality materials in
absorption chiller designs. The lithium
bromide temperatures and water
refrigerant, typical of all absorbers, can
more quickly corrode lower-grade metals
in the presence of air. Trane recommends
and uses industrial-grade materials to
provide long-lived, reliable cooling.
®
family of flexible chiller-
™
Benefits
A Global Network of
Absorption Expertise
When you specify a Trane Horizon
chiller, you’re getting the knowledge,
expertise and assistance of a pool of
experts that have decades of absorption
expertise. Making The Trane Company
part of your management team gives
you access to refrigeration, air
conditioning and facility control-system
applications specialists, and a unique
breadth of innovative solutions to satisfy
your facilities needs for today and
tomorrow.
Standard Specification For
Single-Stage Horizon Chillers
Optional Specification For
Single-Stage Horizon Chillers
• Removable absorber and evaporator
spray trees150 psig [10.3 bar] raised
face flanges for the evaporator,
condenser, and absorber water
connections
• Disassembled unit — eases
disassembly and reassembly of major
components at the job site
• Lithium bromide filter
• Condenser and absorber marine style
water boxes
• Factory installed cooling-water
crossover pipe absorber to condenser
• Factory mounted energy valve
• Choice of tube materials and other
chiller options
• Stainless steel evaporator pan
Absorption Cooling —
A Sound Decision
Life-cycle costing has become a primary
concern for chiller buyers who have
long-term investment opportunity in
mind. Changes in the distribution and
pricing of electricity have made the
absorption water chiller a popular choice
when alternative energy use makes
sense. Ask your local Trane
representative for a comprehensive
analysis of your facility, and the energysaving opportunities Trane offers for the
design of Heating, Ventilating and Air
Conditioning systems and controls.
ABS-PRC001-EN
5
Features and
Component
Benefits
Fully-Automatic
Purge System
Vacuum
Pump
Solution Pump
Variable-Frequency
Drive
Refrigerant
Storage Tank
Identification
Condenser
Section
Long Life Hermetic
Solution Pumps
Rigging Eyes For
Easier Installation
Separable
Shell
Design
™
UCP2
Microprocessor
Control System
Industrial-Grade
Energy Valve
Evaporator
Spray Tree
Lifting Eyes on
Water Box Covers
ASME-Rated
Generator
Absorber Section
Fixed and floating tube supports
Industrial-grade tubes
This is an example of typical machine
operation at a standard rating point
condition (i.e., 85°F [29.4°C] tower, 44°F
[6.7°C] leaving chilled water) at full load.
Dilute solution has a relatively high
refrigerant content and low lithium
bromide content. An intermediate
solution is a mixture of dilute and
concentrated solutions. A concentrated
solution is one with a relatively low
refrigerant content and high lithium
bromide content.
Generator (1)
Dilute solution is pumped into the
generator, where it is boiled by the
steam or hot water in the tube bundle,
creating refrigerant vapor. The
refrigerant vapor flows to the condenser
(2). The now-concentrated solution
flows by gravity, through the solution
heat exchanger to the absorber spray
system, where it is mixed with dilute
solution from the absorber and sprayed
on the absorber tube bundle.
Condenser (2)
Refrigerant vapor, produced by the
generator, enters the condenser and
changes to a liquid through
condensation. The heat of condensation
is rejected to the cooling water inside the
tube bundle.
Evaporator (3)
The liquid refrigerant leaves the
condenser through a J tube, where the
pressure/temperature is reduced
through expansion for delivery to the
evaporator at 41°F [5°C]. System water
runs through the tube bundle where its
heat is transferred to the refrigerant,
causing the refrigerant to vaporize/boil.
The refrigerant vapor flows to the
slightly lower pressure in the absorber.
Absorber (4)
Refrigerant vapor is absorbed by the
lithium bromide solution. The now-dilute
solution is pumped through the solution
heat exchanger and on to the generator.
The heat of vapor absorption is rejected
via the cooling water inside the tube
bundle.
Solution (concentrated) enters the spray
system from the generator and enters
the spray system, wetting the tubes and
providing a liquid surface for the
refrigerant vapor (from the evaporator)
to absorb into the lithium bromide
solution. The solution temperature/
concentration sprayed in the absorber
controls the absorber pressure, thereby
controlling the evaporator refrigerant
temperature.
Cycle
(5) Entering
Solution Heat Exchanger (6)
Solution flows through the heat
exchanger to be preheated, reducing the
heat energy required to induce boiling
within the generator, and to decrease the
temperature of the solution being
returned to the absorber, thus
decreasing the load on the cooling
tower.
(2) Refrigerant 100°F [38°C], Entering/
Leaving Cooling Water
94°F/102°F [34°C/39°C]
(3)
Entering/Leaving System
Water 54°F/44°F [12°C/7°C],
Evaporator Pump
Refrigerant 41°F [5°C]
(4) Leaving Solution 107°F
[42°C], Entering/Leaving
Cooling Water 85°F/94°F
Solution
120°F [49°C]
[29°C/34°C]
ABS-PRC001-EN
7
Application
General
The Horizon single-stage steam-fired or
hot water absorption chiller is designed
to provide 40°F to 60°F [4.4°C to 15.6°C]
chilled water, for comfort or process
cooling applications, within all three
market segments – commercial,
industrial and institutional. They are
most-often used where an economic
analysis of fuel costs versus electrical
rates indicates an operating cost
advantage.
In many process applications, they can
be utilized to convert excess heat energy
to provide chilled water for process or
comfort applications.
Operating Limits
Trane single-stage absorption chillers
operate with nominal 12 psig [0.83 bar]
steam or nominal 270°F [132°C] hot
water. In all applications, superheat
should be limited so steam temperature
does not exceed 340°F [171°C].
Waterflows that are within the limits
indicated on the appropriate selection
table will ensure tube water velocities
not exceeding 10 feet per second
[3.05 m/sec] in copper tubes and 11 feet
per second [3.35 m/sec] in cupronickel
tubes. Changes in condenser water
temperature should not exceed
1°F per minute in the range from 75°F to
95°F [23.9°C to 35°C].
Sound and Vibration
Absorption units are well-suited for
areas where low sound levels are
required. The Trane Horizon single-stage
steam absorption chiller will operate
under normal load conditions at less
than 85 dBA sound pressure level.
During operation there is no vibration of
any components that could be
damaging to the chiller or that could
transmit objectionable sound or
vibration to the building.
Considerations
Chiller Installation
The following should be considered
when installing an absorption chiller:
• Rigging and service clearances
• Foundation support
• Chiller isolation for sound/vibration
reduction
• Condensate handling
• Steam supply control
• Condenser-water temperature control
• Chilled-water flow control
• Chilled- and condenser-water flow limit
• Generator hot-water application
Cooling-Tower Water Flow
The ARI standard gpm/ton for singlestage absorption chillers is 3.6, however,
lower flow through the condenser and
absorber section will present an
opportunity for a smaller tower, smaller
piping, and smaller condenser pump.
For more information on lower flows in
the cooling tower water circuit, refer to
the appropriate Trane engineering
bulletin, available from your local Trane
representative.
Water Treatment
The use of untreated or improperly
treated water may result in scaling,
erosion, and corrosion, algae or slime. It
is recommended that the services of a
qualified water-treatment specialist be
used to determine what treatment, if
any, is advisable. The Trane Company
assumes no responsibility for the results
of untreated or improperly treated water.
Combination Systems
Peak energy savings can be achieved
when using a combination of electric
chillers and absorption chillers for air
conditioning loads. The absorption
chiller is used to shave seasonal, billable
peak-power demands during summer
operation, and the electric chiller is run
below the allowed demand limit,
reducing costly demand charges. Trane
offers both electric chillers and
absorption chillers with the unit control
panel (UCP2) as standard. Although the
General
chillers have different features and
modes of operation, the chiller control
panel looks and acts the same when
used with any chiller model. Each
control panel is programmed to monitor
the particular chiller for which it was
designed, however, maintenance and
service personnel only need to become
familiar with one control panel.
Combined with a Trane Tracer
chiller plant has almost unlimited
operational flexibility, and all equipment
is supplied from a single source.
Multiple Machine Installations
The Trane absorption machine can be
applied to series or parallel chilled-water
flow, depending upon the design
requirement. The arrangement that is
best for an individual system should be
based on an analysis of system water
and temperature rise requirements,
system and machine pressure-drop
characteristics, and installation cost.
Parallel flow allows minimum chilledwater pressure drop through the
machines. However, with one machine
“off,” it is not usually possible to
maintain the design chilled-water
temperature unless one machine is
isolated with shut off valves and the
chilled-water flow decreased.
Series flow permits design chilled-water
temperature at light loads with one
machine “off.” However, at all operating
conditions, the chilled-water pressure
drop through the machine is high.
Accurate chilled-water temperatures can
be maintained on individual machines
between 100 percent and 10 percent of
nominal chiller load, which allows for a
wide range of control options. Each
chiller has a stand-alone control system
to manage the desired water
temperature, and also the ability to
receive remote commands to support
various system demands from a control
center. This versatility of control makes
the management of more than one
machine relatively easy.
®
system, a
ABS-PRC001-EN8
Selection
Procedure
Selection Procedure
Absorption refrigeration machines are
usually selected to provide the required
refrigeration capacity with the smallest
practical machine of sufficient size.
Machine size is based on chilled-water
flow rates and temperatures specified for
the air side of the system.
Total air-conditioning system first cost
can be minimized by a careful analysis of
system operating parameters. The effect
of flow rates and temperatures, on both
the building air side and the refrigeration
machine selections, should be
investigated to determine which system
represents the best investment for the
owner.
The information on the following pages
provides performance data, at ARI
standard conditions, for capacity in tons,
efficiency, flow rates and water pressure
drops. All capacities are in accordance
with the expected ARI 560 Standard
revision, and are based on fouling
factors of .0001 for the evaporator
waterside tubing and .00025 for the
absorber and condenser tubing.
Standard Fouling
Unit performance at non-standard
fouling factors may vary from standard
performance. Fouling factors estimate
the heat transfer penalty that coincides
with the effect of typical fouling in
evaporator and absorber/condenser
(cooling) water circuits. All selections
should use the standard fouling factor to
more accurately estimate the chiller
performance in an equipment room and
to comply with ARI 560.
ARI Standard Fouling Factors
EvaporatorCondenser/Absorber
English Units – hr-ft2-F/Btu
0.00010.00025
SI Units – m2-K/kW
0.0180.044
Additional Fouling
Any selection that uses a fouling factor
greater than 0.0001 for the evaporator
tubes, and 0.00025 for the condenser/
absorber tubes, is a more conservative
estimate that should only be used if
there is an abnormal amount of fouling
contaminants in the water systems. The
ARI 560 Standard defines “additional
fouling” as “Conditions such as water
hardness, organic material, suspended
solids and/or water velocity may
necessitate the use of a greater field
fouling allowance than that provided in
the Standard Rating of equipment.” The
Trane single-stage Horizon Selection
program should be used to determine
the effect of nonstandard fouling factors.
The following guidelines can be used for
estimation prior to the selection:
ARI Standard Fouling Factors For
Additional Fouling
EvaporatorCondenser/Absorber
English Units – hr-ft2-F/Btu
0.00020.00026 – 0.00075
SI Units – m2-K/kW
0.0350.046
Part Load Performance
The Horizon
®
single-stage absorption
chiller exhibits excellent part-load
performance characteristics. Air
conditioning system loads are usually
significantly less than full-load design
conditions. Therefore, the absorption
chiller operates at full load a small
percentage of the time. Part-load
absorption chiller operation is normally
associated with reduced tower-water
temperatures. At part-load operation, the
heat rejected to the cooling tower is less
than at full-load operation. Also, partload operation is typically associated
with reduced outside wet-bulb
temperatures, resulting in improved
cooling tower performance. The net
result of less heat rejection and lower
wet-bulb temperature is cooler tower
water entering the chiller and improved
unit performance.
Final Selection
A final selection must be done by the
local Trane sales engineer using the
Trane Horizon
®
Single-Stage Absorption
Selection Program. For applications
higher than 1600 feet [500 meters] above
sea level, final selection requires review
by Absorption Product Marketing. Prior
to accessing the computer selection
program, the following data inputs
should be tabulated:
• Type of solution flowing through the
evaporator and tower loop
1
Any limitations or restrictions should
2
.
also be given (i.e., pressure drop, gpm
etc.).
2
Absorption chillers can be selected with
a wide variety of media other than
water (evaporator and absorber/
condenser, or both). For media other
than water, contact the local Trane sales
office for chiller selections and
information.
ABS-PRC001-EN
9
Selection
Product Coding
Procedure
Selection
Product Coding Description
The coding block precisely identifies all
characteristics of any Horizon® Single-Stage
Steam-Fired or Hot Water Absorption Chiller.
190190 Volt - 50 HZ
200200 Volt - 60 HZ
220220 Volt - 50 HZ
230230 Volt - 60 HZ
380380 Volt - 50 HZ
415415 Volt - 50 HZ
460460 Volt - 60 HZ
575575 Volt - 60 HZ
ENSR Unit Energy Source
STMSteam Energy Source
HOTW Hot Water Energy Source
end (700, 800, 1000, 1100, 1200 tons)
LELEIn left-hand end – out left-hand end
(500 tons)
LEREIn left-hand end – out right-hand end
(600 and 900 tons)
EVWC Evaporator Water Connections
LEBK Inlet Connection Left Back
LEFRInlet Connection Left Front
REBK Inlet Connection Right Back
REFR Inlet Connection Right Front
LEND In left end, out the other end
REND In right end, out the other end
Figure PD-1. ABSD 500-800 capacity vs. chilled-water supply temperature at various
cooling-water supply temperatures
Figure PD-2. ABSD 975-1350 capacity vs. chilled water supply temperature at various
cooling water supply temperatures
ABS-PRC001-EN
13
Performance
Data
Figure PD-3. ABSD 500-800 part load performance - energy input vs. capacity at various
cooling water supply temperatures:
chilled water supply temperature = 44°F (7°C)
Figure PD-4. ABSD 975-1350 part load performance - energy input vs. capacity at various
cooling water supply temperatures:
chilled water supply temperature = 44°F (7°C)
ABS-PRC001-EN14
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