Tramex CDTK User manual

CONCRETE MOISTURE

ENCOUNTER X5

- CMEX5 -

USER GUIDE

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CONCRETE MOISTURE ENCOUNTER X5 USER GUIDE

INTRODUCTION

Thank you for selecting the new Concrete Moisture
Encounter X5 instrument, from Tramex. This Concrete
Moisture Encounter has 4 measurement modes.

1. Non-destructive test (NDT) mode

The Tramex Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 is a
non-destructive digital multi moisture meter for
concrete floors and slabs utilizing state of the art
electronic technology to provide instant and precise
quantitative measurement of moisture content
based on the gravimetric oven testing method. The
CMEX5 also provides Carbide Method equivalent
readings for concrete and other cementitious
substrates as well as comparative readings as per
ASTM F2659.

2. Hygrometer mode

The built-in Ambient Relative Humidity Sensor
measures Ambient Relative Humidity, Temperature,
Dew Point and Humidity Ratio (or Mixing Ratio) of
the environment.

3. Equilibrium/Ambient Relative Humidity mode
(optional plug-in probe)

Using the optional plug-in Hygro-i2 RH probes,
the Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 will measure
Equilibrium Relative Humidity, Temperature, Dew
Point and Humidity Ratio in structural materials. A
structural material such as a concrete slab can be
tested using the in-situ method or RH Hood methods
(International Standards: ASTM F2170 & BS 8201,
8203, 5325). Relative Humidity Probes can also
be used for ambient RH measurements within air
spaces.

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4. PIN Meter mode (optional plug-in probe)

The Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 becomes
a resistance type meter and measures the
percentage moisture content (%MC) of
wood when used with the optional plug-in PIN
meter. International wood standards or pre­programmed wood species can be selected. PIN
meter mode can also be used for Drywall and
WME (Wood Moisture Equivalent) readings for
other materials.

QUICK TIPS for OPERATION:

● Press to power ON/OFF.

● Shortcut Menu: To choose between scales in Non-
Destructive Testing (NDT), or Recently Used Wood
scales in Pin-Meter Mode, press , scroll and
press to select and return to main screen.

● Full Menu: Press to access Full Menu, and
to scroll, to select, and to exit menu to
main screen.

● Full Menu is used to choose NDT and Pin Scales
(Wood Standard, Wood Species, WME, Drywall),
Pin Temperature, Language and Temperature Scale
(Cº of Fº).

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CONCRETE MOISTURE ENCOUNTER X5 USER GUIDE

HOW IT WORKS

In non-destructive testing (NDT) mode, the

instrument operates on the principle that the electrical
impedance of a material varies with its moisture
content. The instrument is pressed onto the material
surface with the pins fully compressed to measure/
detect the moisture content. The electrical impedance
is measured by creating a low frequency alternating
electric field between the electrodes, to a depth of
approximately 20mm (3⁄4"), as illustrated below.

Receive

Electrode

Alternating Electric Field

Transmit

Electrode

This field penetrates the material under test. The very
small alternating current flowing through the field is
inversely proportional to the impedance of the material.
The instrument detects this current, determines its
amplitude and thus derives the moisture value.

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Hygrometer mode: The Concrete Moisture Encounter
X5 has a built-in hygrometer that measures the ambient
relative humidity (RH), temperature (T), dew point (DP)
and humidity ratio (HR G/lb) of the environment. These
measurements are permanently shown at the bottom of
the screen regardless of the mode or scale being used.

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In Equilibrium/Ambient Relative Humidity mode,
the Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 determines
the capacitance of the RH probe sensor which varies
with the relative humidity of the testing environment.
The Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 displays this
capacitance as a percentage relative humidity. It also
measures temperature and displays dew point and
humidity ratio.

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In PIN Meter mode the Concrete Moisture Encounter X5
is a resistance-type pin-meter that works on the principle
of DC resistance. When the electrode pins are pressed or
driven into the wood, the electrical resistance between the
electrodes is measured. If the wood is dry, the resistance
is high. If moisture is present in the wood the electrical
resistance between the pins changes. The higher the
moisture content the greater the reduction in resistance.
The level of resistance is accurately measured by the
instrument, which translates it into a moisture value. This
is a percentage of dry weight moisture content for wood.
International wood standards such or pre-programmed
wood species can be selected.

PIN meter mode can also be used for Drywall and WME
(Wood Moisture Equivalent) readings for many other
materials.

PIN meter mode should not be used for concrete or other
cementitious materials.

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CONCRETE MOISTURE ENCOUNTER X5 USER GUIDE

INSTRUMENT FEATURES

Your Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 employs
advanced digital technology to enable the incorporation
of the many features listed below.

● 4 modes of measurement: Non-destructive
moisture measurement, ambient hygrometer and
optional external in-situ hygrometer and wood pin
probe.

● 8 simple membrane keypad controls.

● Moisture readings and scale are displayed on a
large, clear easy-to-read clear digital display:

2.3" x 1.4" (58mm x 35mm).

● 5 NDT Scales: Concrete MC, CM Concrete
(Carbide Method equivalent for concrete), CM
Anhydrite/Gypsum, Gypsum Ref 0-12 and a
Reference scale. These are selected using the
and keys.

● The built-in Hygrometer probe provides Relative
Humidity (RH) readings, temperature, dew point
temperature and Humidity Ratio.

● Wood pin probe mode is automatically selected
when the probe is plugged into the Concrete
Moisture Encounter X5.

● When the external Relative Humidity (RH) Hygro-i2
probe is connected to the Concrete Moisture
Encounter X5, the instrument automatically
switches to RH mode. Ambient or In-Situ Relative
Humidity readings, probe temperature, dew point
temperature and Humidity Ratio are automatically
displayed (Hygrometer Mode).

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● To conserve battery life, the instrument
automatically powers OFF after 5 minutes of
inactivity or when the key is pressed. If a key is
pressed the 'power off'-time will be extended for
an additional ten minutes.

● Front lit display allows the display to be easily read
in poor light conditions. This is enabled by pressing
the key. The backlight stays on for a period of
time set.

● HOLD freezes reading to facilitate ease of
recording readings. When the Concrete Moisture
Encounter X5 is in HOLD mode, ‘II’ is visible on
the display. If HOLD was selected prior to the
Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 automatically
powering off, the frozen display reading is digitally
memorized and restored next time ON is selected.

● When the battery requires replacement a LOW
BATTERY icon is shown on the display.

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OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

The instrument face with brief notes on the push button
controls and LCD is shown below.

85mm

1

2

6

3

4

5

1. Ambient RH Probe

2. Digital display

3. Menu button

4. Hold button

5. Bluetooth ON/OFF

6. Bayonet connection for Wood Probe

7. Light button

8. SCROLL UP button

9. SELECT button

10. ON/OFF button

11. SCROLL DOWN button

11

7

8

9
10

11

160 mm

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NON-DESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENT MODE

1. Press the key to power up. With no Hygro-i2
probe or pin probe connected the last used scale
will be displayed on the LCD. Press key again to
power off.

2. To choose between scales in Non-Destructive
Testing (NDT), use theShortcut Menu:press ,
scroll and press to select between Concrete
MC, CM Concrete (Carbide Method equivalent for
concrete), CM Anhydrite/Gypsum, Gypsum Ref
0-12 and Reference scales and return to main
screen.

3. Press your Concrete Moisture Encounter X5
directly onto the surface of the material being
tested ensuring that all the electrode spring­loaded pins are fully compressed.

The Ambient values are always shown along the bottom
of the display in all NDT modes.

Concrete MC Scale

When the Concrete scale is selected the quantitative
moisture content (%MC) measurement is shown in
the middle of the display. The moisture content (MC)
is displayed 0 to 6.9% on the Concrete Moisture
Encounter X5 display. Readings on a concrete floor
slab obtained on this scale indicate moisture content
and should not be confused with any other unit of
measurement obtained by other moisture testing
methods or meters.

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CM (Carbide Method) Concrete Scale

The Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 gives readings of
0 to 4.3 on the CM Equivalent Concrete Scale. These are
approximated equivalent readings to the carbide test
method for concrete.

CM Anhydrite/Gypsum Scale

Equivalent reading to Carbide Method (CM) test for
Anhydrite, Hemi-hydrate, Gypsum and Calcium Sulphate
Screeds.

Gypsum Ref 0-12 Scale

Reference readings replicating measurements using
concrete scale on concrete & sand/cement floors/
screeds, for use on Gypsum floors/screeds.

Reference Scale

For the Reference scale the readings are comparative
from 0 to 99. The readings on the Reference scale are
not to be interpreted as a measurement of percentage
moisture content (%MC) or relative humidity (RH%). It
is not a relative humidity reading and it does not have
any linear correlation with Relative Humidity measure­ments. This scale should be regarded as a comparative
or qualitative scale only. This reference scale is included
to facilitate comparative testing of different areas
where direct contact with the bare concrete surfaces
may not be possible due to some form of very thin coat­ing or covering on the concrete, or additive in the con­crete that could influence the readings. This scale is not
suitable for reading through thicker floor coverings such
as wood laminates etc. Readings from the Reference
scale are comparative only and of help in identifying
areas with moisture problems.

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CONCRETE MOISTURE ENCOUNTER X5 USER GUIDE

Calibration

For regular on-site assessment of your Concrete
Moisture Encounter X5 in moisture measurement mode,
a calibration-check plate is available from the suppliers
of your Concrete Moisture Encounter X5. Should it
be found that readings are outside the set tolerances,
it is recommended that the Concrete Moisture
Encounter X5 be returned for re-calibration. Calibration
adjustments should not be carried out by anyone other
than Tramex or their authorized service provider who
will issue a calibration certificate on completion.

Requirements for quality management and validation
procedures, such as ISO 9001 and National Standards,
have increased the need for regulation and verification
of measuring and test instruments. It is therefore
recommended that calibration of the Concrete Moisture
Encounter X5 should be checked and certified in
accordance with the standards and/or protocols laid
down by your industry (usually on an annual basis) by an
authorised test provider. The name of your nearest test
provider and estimate of costs are available on request.

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Typical Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 Displays

Ambient Temperature

To change temperature between C and F and the
Humidity Ratio between g/kg and grains/lb, press the
button to go the Main Menu; scroll down and select
'TEMPERATURE SCALE' with the button, scroll and
select with the - button; and press the  button to
return to the main screen.

Ambient Relative Humidity

Dew Point

Humidity Ratio Grams per

Pound/Kg

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Drying time for concrete floors and screeds

Concrete floors and screeds must be allowed to dry
to an adequate level before the installation of sheet
material, tile, wood or coating. Manufacturers of such
systems generally require moisture testing to be
performed before installation on a floor slab. Moisture
content measurement is one such method. Excessive
moisture in or permeating from a floor covering or
coating can cause failures such as condensation,
blistering, delaminating, movement and general
deterioration of the finished flooring/coating.

There is also a risk of promoting microbial growth. No
exact period can be specified for the drying of such
floors to reach acceptable moisture content, as this
is affected by temperature and humidity within the
building as well as concrete curing times and other
factors. Typically a period of 1 month per inch (25mm)
depth of concrete or sand/cement screed is often
quoted. Longer periods may be required in areas of high
humidity or low temperature.
During the drying period and prior to applying the
floor covering, the floor should be regularly checked to
monitor moisture content.

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Testing for moisture content in a floor slab
Pre-test conditioning and preparation

For best and most accurate results, final tests should
be carried out after the internal conditions of the
building in which the slab is located have been at normal
service temperature and humidity for at least 48 hours.
All artificial heating or drying equipment should be
turned off at least 96 hours before final readings are
attempted, otherwise results may not accurately reflect
the amount of moisture present or moisture movement
in the slab during normal operating conditions. If being
used for the final test while artifical heating or drying
equipment is on, the readings should only be considered
as an indicative guideline for monitoring purposes, and
not as the final test. Prior to testing, the actual test area
should be clean and free of foreign substances.

Pre-testing guidelines

Where covered floor slabs are being tested, all covering
materials, adhesive residue, curing compounds, sealers,
paints, etc., shall be removed to expose a test area of
clean bare concrete. For removal of any existing flooring
or adhesives, strictly observe all the appropriate safety
and health practices relevant to cleaning and removal of
these types of materials. Removal of covering materials
and cleaning, if required, should take place a minimum of
48 hours prior to testing. Use of water based cleaning
methods that could lead to elevated surface and/or
sub-surface moisture levels in the floor slab are not
recommended, and the testing after such treatment
could result in elevated readings. No visible water in
liquid form should be present on the concrete at the time
of testing. Avoid testing in locations subject to direct
sunlight or sources of heat.

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Use of artificial aids for accelerated drying of concrete
is not recommended. If they are being used it is
recommended they should be turned off at least four
days before taking final readings.

Guideline non-destructive test procedures as per
International Standards

1. Remove any dust or foreign matter from the

2. Push the button and press the instrument

3. On a rough surface, take a number of readings

4. Perform at least eight tests for the first 1000ft2

Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 electrodes
before commencing tests. Make sure that the floor
slab being tested is clean and bare and free from
dust, dirt or standing water.

directly onto the surface of the material being
tested ensuring that all of the electrode spring
loaded pins are fully compressed. Read the
moisture measurement from the appropriate scale
of the display.

in close proximity to one another such as 3 to 5
readings within an area of 1 ft2 (929cm2) at each
location. If the readings vary, always use the one
with the highest value.

(100m2) and at least five additional tests for each
additional 1000ft2 (100m2). Include test locations
in the centre of the floor and within 3ft (1m) of
each exterior wall.

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HYGROMETER MODE

The built-in Ambient Relative Humidity Sensor on the
top of the Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 measures
Ambient Relative Humidity, Temperature, Dew Point and
Humidity Ratio (or Mixing Ratio) of the environment.
These values are always shown along the bottom of the
screen. The values are especially useful to avoid dew
pointissues at the time of application.

To change temperature between C and F and the
Humidity Ratio between g/kg and grains/lb, press the
button to go the Main Menu; scroll down and select
'TEMPERATURE SCALE' with the button, scroll and
select with the button; and press the  button to
return to the main screen.

EQUILIBRIUM  AMBIENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY MODE

The Hygro-i2 Probe utilises state of the art electronic
technology to provide an "easy to use" and accurate
method for measuring relative humidity, Humidity
Ratio, temperature and dew point in a wide range of
applications such as:

● Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
systems.

● Environmental and building monitoring.

● Building inspection.

● Flooring (including in-situ method as per and hood
methods as per International Standards: ASTM
F2170 & BS 8201, 8203, 5325)

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A typical Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 display with
the external Hygro-i2 Probe is shown below.

F

C

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RELATIVE HUMIDITY MEASUREMENT

There are two International Standard methods of
relative humidity measurement in flooring that can be
carried out with the Concrete Moisture Encounter X5
with the external Hygro-i2 probe attached:

(a) In-situ (below the surface of the slab) ASTM F2170
& BS 8201, 8203, 5325.

(b) RH Hood (on the surface of the floor slab) BS 8201,
8203, 5325.

(a) In-situ Relative Humidity Test Method – Guidelines.

Perform 3 per 100m2 (1000ft2) and 1 per next 100m2.
Holes must be drilled dry and perpendicular (90˚), do
not use water for cooling or lubrication.

When drying is from the top only, it is recommended
that the hole should be drilled to approx 40% of the slab
thickness.

When drying is from both sides, it is recommended
that the slab should be drilled to approx 20% of slab
thickness.

A hole cleaning brush is often required to ensure the
drilled hole is free from any loose particles. A vacuum
should also be used to ensure the drilled hole is free
from any dust.

The user should always refer to national standard
guidelines for definitive and current procedure and
specifications.

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MOISTURE TESTING GUIDELINES

When performing moisture testing of concrete it is
important to get the most accurate and most useful
data from the tests. For this reason Tramex recommend
a two-pronged approach.

• The first step is to carry out a non-invasive
moisture test with the Tramex CME5 or Concrete
Moisture Encounter X5. This measures the top
section of the concrete slab and gives an average
percentage moisture content of the footprint area
of the meter. These readings should be used to
determine where and how in-situ relative humidity
(RH) testing is performed.

• For in-situ RH testing, Tramex recommends that
the test holes are drilled, sleeves are placed and
capped and left for a period of 24 hours. The
probes are then inserted. A suitable equilibration
time is allowed before taking readings (see below)

• Tramex recommend that the RH probes are not
left in-situ for prolonged periods of time when RH
values are above 93%. With the Tramex system it
is possible to remove the probe and seal the sleeve
for future testing, thus giving a more reliable and
accurate test.

• The above recommendations are based on the
requirements to prolong the life of the RH probe
and to increase the accuracy of the test.

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Equilibration Time:

Allow at least 30 minutes for probe to reach
temperature equilibrium before measuring
relative humidity. It is vitally important that the
concrete is at the same temperature as the probe.

Even a slight difference in temperature will
produce a significant error in relative humidity
measurement. Check that meter readings do not
drift by more than 1% RH over a 5 minute period.

The sensor in the Hygro-i2 probe may take longer
to recover if exposed to readings above 93% and
can be damaged by prolonged exposure to high
humidity.

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HOLE LINER
INSTRUCTION

For ASTM F2170 Compliance

Drill a ¾" hole to required depth.

Cut hole liner to match drilled depth.
Check cap fits.

Use supplied Retrieval tool to
position the probe into place.

Push hole liner
to bottom of
drilled hole.

Connect with
Tramex
Electronic
Interface

a - Cap

b - Hole liner

c - insertion tool

d - Retrieval tool

1 2

3 4

5 6

Should the hole
liner require
additional sealing
at the opening
please consider
the application
of a Butyl-based
sealant.

HOLE LINER INST_HL-INS_RVS_1 Grey Probe PAGE 1.pdf 1 12/09/2018 16:37

HOLE LINER INSTRUCTION

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HOOD INSTRUCTION

1

3

5

Seal cap

Hygro-i2 probe

Hygrohood

Place the probe in the RH hood.

Press down the cap
to seal

Connect your
Tramex Meter
to take readings

Ensure the surface is clean

2

to achieve an airtight seal

Seal the Hygrohood to the
surface with butyl tape provided

Leave the Hygrohood in place

4

for the period of time
specified by the standard
being followed.

A probe calibration check, is

6

recommended within

30 days of testing

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(b) On surface RH tests (RH hood method)

The Tramex RH Hood can be used to perform testing to
International Standards such as BS 8201, 8203, 5325.
The following components are required to perform a RH
Hood test: Concrete Moisture Encounter X5, Insulated
hood (RHIH), Hygro-i2 probe and interface.

Pre test guidelines

The Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 should be used
first in non-invasive mode to give an overall moisture
condition of the floor slab. These readings will
determine where to position the insulated hood. Careful
consideration should be given to location of test site.
The hood should not be located in direct sunlight or in
an area which can be accidently disturbed. The floor
slab surface should be abraded, cleaned of any foreign
materials and swept clean of any dust or loose materials
that could affect a proper seal between the hood and
surface of the floor. The floor should be prepared as
specified in the relevant standard.

1. Using a double-sided preformed adhesive/butyl
tape, seal the insulated RH hood to the concrete
surface.

2. Insert Hygro-i2 probe into the hood using the
insertion/ retrieval tool.

The sensor in the Hygro-i2 probe may take longer
to recover if exposed to readings above 93% and
can be damaged by prolonged exposure to high
humidity.

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3. Please refer to the period of time as specified by
the standard being followed for the duration of
the test. The user should always refer to national
standard guidelines for definitive and current
procedures and specifications.

4. When the time period has elapsed, check
that meter readings do not drift by more
than 1% RH over a 5 min period. Ensure the
readings correspond with the floor covering/
adhesive manufacturers' or national standard
recommendations before applying floor covering.
e.g. British standards code of practice BS8203
suggests that a concrete floor should be
sufficiently dry to allow installation of a resilient
floor covering when the measured relative
humidity falls to 75% or lower using the insulated
impermeable box/hood method as specified in the
above standard.

Use of artificial aids for accelerated drying of
concrete is not recommended. If they are being
used it is recommended that they be turned off
at least 96 hours before taking final readings.

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CALIBRATION CHECK SALTS

A saturated salt solution is the most suitable method
for on-site testing of humidity sensors. The advantage
of the on-site salt calibration check is that the user can
check that the sensors are performing satisfactorily
without having the need to send the sensors to a testing
laboratory, which can be expensive and time consuming.
The sensors can be checked at a time that is convenient
to the user, which means no down time for your
equipment. ASTM F2170 requires that humidity probes
are checked and readings recorded by the user within
30 days before use. This check can be achieved with a
75% RH saturated Sodium Chloride (NaCI) solution.

Conditioning of the NaCI calibration check solution and
test procedure.

As Relative Humidity (RH) is defined as the ratio of
the partial vapor pressure in air to the saturated vapor
pressure at a given temperature, it is important to
understand that RH strongly depends on temperature.
Therefore, it is essential to keep humidity sensors at
the same temperature as the air in which the relative
humidity is to be measured. When testing RH probes
in a calibration check-salt chamber, it is necessary for
the internal temperature of the salt chamber to be the
same as that of the surrounding air and also the RH
probe sensor. This can be achieved by removing the
cap and exposing the salt-check solution to ambient
conditions. The temperature can be checked with the
use of an infrared thermometer. When the probe and
solution are showing equal temperature insert the
probe into the solution.

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The test can be ended when RH% readings do not drift
by more than 1% RH over a 5 minute period within
the acceptable +/- 2% tolerance of the nominal 75%
relative humidity. A temperature difference of +/- 1°C
(1.8°F) can cause an error of up to +/-3 to 5% at 50%
RH and +/-6% at 97% RH readings. Please note any
further handling of the salt chamber can cause a heating
effect so handle the salt chamber as little as possible.

Due consideration must also be given to the test site,
do not perform in direct sunlight or close to sources of
heat eg. heaters or spotlights.

Temperature stability is extremely important for the
duration of the test.

Calibration check salts do not have an expiry date and
have unlimited usage when cared for in the correct
manner.

Do check the seal inside chamber is exposing as much
of the vent as possible and that there is a mix of salt and
water and no caking of salt to side walls of chamber.

Humidity probes exposed to conditions outside normal
range, especially high humidity may temporarily
offset the RH reading. After return to normal ambient
condition it will slowly return towards calibration state
by itself. Prolonged exposure to extreme conditions
may accelerate ageing.

For further information please refer to the latest
calibration check salt instructions which are supplied
separately.

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PIN PROBE MODE

This mode is automatically activated by plugging one of
the optional Wood Electrodes into the bayonet socket
at the top of the Concrete Moisture Encounter X5. In
pin probe mode the Concrete Moisture Encounter X5
works on the principle of electrical resistance. When
the electrode pins are pressed or driven into the wood,
the electrical resistance between the electrodes is
measured and indicated on the digital display. If the
wood is dry, the resistance is very high. The higher
the moisture content, the lower the resistance. This
resistance is accurately measured by the instrument,
which translates it into percentage moisture content
for wood. The Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 gives
moisture readings from 4.5% to approximately 50%. It
should be noted that readings above 25 are indicative
only (27% is the nominal value of the fiber saturation
point).

Wood Pin Probe Display

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PIN PROBE MENU SELECTIONS

Shortcut Menu:

The Shortcutmenu is used to choose from recently
used wood species scales. To choose between Recently
Used Wood scales in Pin-Meter Mode, press scroll
and press to select and return to main screen.

Full Menu:

The Full Menu is used to choose Pin Scales (Wood
Standard, Wood Species, WME, Drywall) and select Pin
Temperature adjustment in line with the temperature
of the wood. To choose from these options, press to
access Full Menu, and to scroll, to select,
and to exit menu to main screen.

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Factors Affecting Moisture Readings

The readings of all moisture meters are influenced by
the characteristics of different species of wood as well
as temperature and other factors listed below:

Species

Different species of wood can vary in density and
conductivity, which can have an effect on the electri­cal resistance of the wood. This can influence meter
readings for the same moisture content and can also
apply to similar species from different origins. A species
adjustment table is provided on page 39 to 50.

Temperature

Meter readings can be affected by wood temperature.
The Wood Probe is calibrated at 20°C (68°F). At wood
temperatures above 20°C (68°F), the meter readings
are higher and at wood temperatures below 20°C
(68°F) the meter readings are lower. The CMEX5 has a
feature allowing for the adjustment of the temperature
calibration of PIN readings. The temperaturecompensa­tionvalue that will be on the screen, and the value of this
will remain the same unless changed in the Full menu
(Pin Temperature).To change the PIN temperature,
press button to access Menu; scroll and press
button to select PIN TEMPERATURE; press and
buttons to adjust the temperature; press to
select; and to exit the menu.For reference, a tem­perature adjustment chart is on page 37.

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Chemical Treatment Or Contamination

Readings may be affected by certain flame retardants,
preservatives, aluminium paint and by contamination by
salt water. Treat all readings on such wood as indicative
readings only.

Surface Moisture

Surface moisture due to wetting or condensation can
affect readings when uninsulated pins are used. It is rec­ommended that insulated pins such as SP-52 are used in
conjunction with a Hammer Action electrode. As the pins
are driven into the wood, readings can be taken at differ­ent depths, unaffected by moisture on the surface.

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WOOD FLOORING

Excess moisture in wood flooring can cause major
problems. For instance, if installed with excess
moisture, the wood can subsequently shrink, leading
to job failure. If a wood floor (solid or engineered) is
installed above wet concrete the wood can absorb
moisture emitting from the concrete, causing the wood
to swell and buckle and even cause structural damage to
the building.

Your Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 is used to
measure the moisture conditions in the concrete and
when in Pin Probe mode can be used to measure the
moisture content of the wood floor to ensure it meets
specification.

Testing wood and wood products

a. When testing wood, power-on, insert wood

probe into the Bayonet socket at the top of the
Concrete Moisture Encounter X5. The instrument
automatically switches to Pin Probe Mode.

b. If possible, always take readings with the pins

parallel to the direction of the wood grain.

c. Calibration tests are based on Douglas fir, which

has a published specific gravity (SG) of 0.50.

d. The Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 has a

feature allowing you to select pre-programmed
PIN scales. These are:

• Recently Used - with a selection of your most
recently used scales

• Wood Standards - a selection of international
wood standard pin meter calibrations

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• Wood Species - a selection of most common wood

• WME scale is a Wood Moisture Equivalent scale for

• Drywall scale is a comparative scale for use in

To access these, press button to access Menu; scroll
and press button to select PIN SCALE; press
and buttons to scroll; press button to select the
above options. Make your selection and press the
button exit and again to return to the main screen.

e. The following moisture content levels are often

species

comparative pin readings in many building materials.

drywall

quoted in the wood industry and should be used as a
guide only. Please contact industry associations and
manufacturers for their specifications.

● Furniture and Interior wood: Readings below 7% in
locations of low relative humidity and 10% to 12%
may be acceptable where the relative humidity is
higher.

● Exterior wood: 10% to 15% depending on local
humidity levels. Generally, wood with moisture
content in excess of 23% to 25% is susceptible to
rot.

● Wood moisture content in excess of 18% to 20%
may provide an environment for termite and
woodboring insects to thrive and multiply. Wood
at these high levels can also support mold and
biological growth.

● Wood at about 27% to 28% moisture content is
considered to have reached fiber saturation point.

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f. Avoid taking readings on wood from the top of a

stack stored outside as these may be affected by
surface moisture from recent rain.

g. When taking readings in chemically treated wood,

it is advisable to allow for possible effects that the
treatment may have on readings.

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Temperature Adjustment Chart

The Pin Probe has been calibrated on wood at an
ambient temperature of 20°C ( 68°F). When measuring
moisture in wood at a different temperature , the
following temperature adjustment needs to be applied.
(Figures rounded to the nearest whole number)

Example 1:

If meter reads 15% and temperature of wood
is 10°C (50°F), actual moisture content is 17%.
i.e.15% + 2% = 17%

Example 2:

If meter reads 15% and temperature of wood is 50°C
(122°F), the actual moisture content is 11%.
i.e.15% - 4% = 11%

Combined Species / Temperature Correction
Example 1:

If meter gives reading 15% on a sample of Sitka Spruce and the
wood temperature is 40°C, the correction is as follows:
Species correction @15% = 16%
Temperature correction @ 40°C = - 3%
Corrected reading: 13%.

Example 2:

If meter gives reading 24% on sample of Teak and the wood
temperature is 10°C, the correction is as follows:
Species correction @24% = 20%
Temperature correction @ 10°C = + 2%
Corrected reading: 22%.

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Humidity And Moisture Content Relationship

The table below shows the approximate relationship
between relative humidity (RH) and equilibrium
moisture content (EMC) of some woods. (These figures
are approximate values and may vary for different
species.)

Table 1. Approx. relationship between RH and EMC

Relative Humidity Wood MC %

10 % 3 to 5

20 % 5 to 6

30 % 6 to 8

40 % 8 to 10

50 % 10 to 11

60 % 11 to 13

70 % 13 to 15

80 % 15 to 18

90 % 18 to 23

100 % 23 +

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LIMITATIONS

The Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 will not detect or
measure moisture through any electrically conductive
materials including metal sheeting or cladding, many
types of black EPDM rubber or wet surfaces. The
Concrete Moisture Encounter X5 is not suited for taking
comparative readings in the concrete substrate through
thick floor coverings such as wood.

CALIBRATION

For regular on-site assessment of your Concrete
Moisture Encounter X5 in moisture measurement
mode, a calibration-check plate is available from the
suppliers of your Concrete Moisture Encounter X5.
Should it be found that readings are outside the set
tolerances, it is recommended that the Concrete
Moisture Encounter X5 be returned for re-calibration.
Calibration adjustments should not be carried out by
anyone other than Tramex or their authorised service
provider who will issue a calibration certificate on
completion. Requirements for quality management and
validation procedures, such as ISO 9001, have increased
the need for regulation and verification of measuring
and test instruments. It is therefore recommended that
calibration of the Concrete Moisture Encounter X5
should be checked and certified in accordance with the
standards and/or protocols laid down by your industry
(usually on an annual basis) by an authorized test
provider. The name of your nearest test provider and
estimate of cost is available on request.

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WARRANTY

Tramex warrants that this instrument will be free from
defects and faulty workmanship for a period of one year
from date of first purchase. If a fault develops during the
warranty period, Tramex will, at its absolute discretion,
either repair the defective product without charge for
the parts and labour, or will provide a replacement in
exchange for the defective product returned to Tramex
Ltd. This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure
or damage caused by improper use or improper or
inadequate maintenance and care.

In no event shall Tramex, its agents or distributors be
liable to the customer or any other person, company or
organisation for any special, indirect, or consequential
loss or damage of any type whatsoever (including,
without limitation, loss of business, revenue, profits,
data, savings or goodwill), whether occasioned by the
act, breach, omission, default, or negligence of Tramex
Ltd., whether or not foreseeable, arising howsoever
out of or in connection with the sale of this product
including arising out of breach of contract, tort,
misrepresentation or arising from statute or indemnity.
Without prejudice to the above, all other warranties,
representations and conditions whether made orally
or implied by circumstances, custom, contract, equity,
statute or common law are hereby excluded, including
all terms implied by Section 13, 14 and 15 of the Sale
of Goods Act 1893 and Sale of Goods and Supply of
Services Act 1980.

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WARRANTY CLAIMS

A defective product should be returned shipping pre
paid, with full description of defect to your supplier or to
Tramex at address shown on the back of this guide.

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

It is the policy of Tramex to continually improve and
update all its products. We therefore reserve the right
to alter the specification or design of this instrument
without prior notice.

SAFETY

This Users Guide does not purport to address the safety
concerns, if any, associated with this instrument or its
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this instrument
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.

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CONCRETE

MOISTURE PROBE

‘THE DETERMINATOR’

- CMP -

USER GUIDE

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CONCRETE MOISTURE PROBE ‘THE DETERMINATOR’ USER GUIDE

INTRODUCTION

Thank you for selecting the Concrete Moisture
Probe, a.k.a. The Determinator, from Tramex.

This Concrete Moisture Probe functions in con­junction with the Tramex CME Concrete Moisture
Encounter range to provide the Tramex Unified
Moisture Content Test Method for quantitative
moisture content measurements in both the
top ¾ inch (20mm) layer and within the body of
concrete floors and slabs.

This instant and precise quantitative meas­urement of moisture content is based on the
gravimetric oven testing method. The use of %MC
readings for both the in-situ and the non­destructive top ¾” (20mm) layer tests eliminate
confusion between different testing method data.

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HOW IT WORKS

The Concrete Moisture Probe when used with
Tramex CME instruments operates on the
principle that the electrical impedance of a
material varies with its moisture content. The
CME instrument is pressed onto the CMP cradle
which is pressed onto the material surface with
the pins fully compressed and the probe inserted
into the pre-drilled hole (using 3/4 inch / 19mm
drill-bit) to measure the moisture content. The
electrical impedance is measured by creating a
low frequency alternating electric field between
the electrodes and the probe, to a depth of up to
4” (100mm). This field penetrates the material
under test. The very small alternating current
flowing through the field is inversely proportional
to the impedance of the material. The instrument
detects this current, determines its amplitude and
thus derives the moisture value.

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The Concrete Moisture Probe functions with
the Tramex CME Concrete Moisture Encounter
meters. The CMP does not require batteries. The
CMP does not require calibration. The probes are
reusable, extendable and replaceable. No holelin­ers are necessary. The hole diameter required is
the same for the Hygro-i2 RH test as per F2170.

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OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

The Tramex Unified Test Method for concrete
comprises both non-destructive moisture content
testing of the top ¾”(20mm) layer and in-situ
moisture content testing. We also recommend
performing parallel tests of the ambient condi­tions and dew-point, as well as in-situ RH tests as
per ASTM F2170. All of these tests can be per­formed using the CMP with the Tramex CMEX5
and accessories.

The Concrete Moisture Probe is designed for
%MC measurement of concrete using the
concrete scale on your Tramex CME meter, but
can also be used with the Reference scale and
other scales where the depth of the cementitious
materials permits.

Drying time for concrete floors and screeds

Concrete floors and screeds must be allowed to
dry to an adequate level before the installation of
sheet material, tile, wood or coating. Manufactur­ers of such systems generally require moisture
testing to be performed before installation on a
floor slab. Moisture content measurement is one
such method. Excessive moisture in or permeating
from a floor covering or coating can cause failures
such as condensation, blistering, delaminating,
movement and general deterioration of the fin­ished flooring/coating.

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There is also a risk of promoting microbial growth.
No exact period can be specified for the drying
of such floors to reach acceptable moisture
content, as this is affected by temperature and
humidity within the building as well as concrete
curing times and other factors. Typically a period
of 1 month per inch (25mm) depth of concrete
or sand/cement screed is often quoted. Longer
periods may be required in areas of high humidity
or low temperature.

During the drying period and prior to applying
the floor covering, the floor should be regularly
checked to monitor moisture content.

Testing for moisture content in a floor slab.
Pre-test conditioning and preparation

For best and most accurate results, final tests
should be carried out after the internal conditions
of the building in which the slab is located have
been at normal service temperature and humid­ity for at least 48 hours. All artificial heating or
drying equipment should be turned off at least
96 hours before final readings are attempted,
otherwise results may not accurately reflect the
amount of moisture present or moisture move­ment in the slab during normal operating condi­tions. If being used for the final test while artificial
heating or drying equipment is on, the readings
should only be considered as an indicative guide­line for monitoring purposes, and not as the final

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test. Prior to testing, the actual test area should
be clean and free of foreign substances.

Pre-testing guidelines

Where covered floor slabs are being tested,
all covering materials, adhesive residue, curing
compounds, sealers, paints, etc., shall be removed
to expose a test area of clean bare concrete. For
removal of any existing flooring or adhesives,
strictly observe all the appropriate safety and
health practices relevant to cleaning and removal
of these types of materials. Removal of covering
materials and cleaning, if required, should take
place a minimum of 48 hours prior to testing. Use
of water based cleaning methods that could lead
to elevated surface and/or subsurface moisture
levels in the floor slab are not recommended, and
the testing after such treatment could result in
elevated readings. No visible water in liquid form
should be present on the concrete at the time
of testing. Avoid testing in locations subject to
direct sunlight or sources of heat.

Use of artificial aids for accelerated drying of
concrete is not recommended. If they are being
used it is recommended they should be turned off
at least four days before taking final readings.

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Guideline Non-Destructive test (NDT) procedures
as per International Standards

1. Remove any dust or foreign matter from the
Concrete Moisture Encounter electrodes
before commencing tests. Make sure that the
floor slab being tested is clean and bare and
free from dust, dirt or standing water.

2. Push the button and press the instrument
directly onto the surface of the material
being tested ensuring that all of the electrode
spring loaded pins are fully compressed. Read
the moisture measurement from the appro­priate scale of the display.

3. On a rough surface, take a number of readings
in close proximity to one another such as 3 to
5 readings within an area of 1 ft² (929cm² )
at each location. If the readings vary, always
use the one with the highest value.

4. Perform at least eight tests for the first
1000ft² (100m² ) and at least five additional
tests for each additional 1000ft ² (100m²).
Include test locations in the centre of the
floor and within 3ft (1m) of each exterior wall.

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Guideline In-Situ Moisture Content Probe test
Procedure

1. Perform 3 per 100m ² (1000ft² ) and 1 per
next 100m², similar to ASTM F2170 recom­mendations for frequency of use. Holes must
be drilled dry and perpendicular (90˚), do not
use water for cooling or lubrication.

2. Determine the approximate depth of the
concrete slab. Connect the probe and exten­sions if required to the appropriate depth,
depending on the thickness of the slab. Use
the following as guidelines for probe exten­sions required:

• 1 1/4” (3cm) probe depth for concrete
between 2” to 4” (5 to 10cm)

• 2 1/4” (5.7cm) probe depth for concrete
between 4” to 6” (10 to 15cm)

• 3 1/4” (8.3cm) probe depth for concrete
between 6” to 9” (15 to 22cm)

• 4 1/4” (10.8cm) probe depth for con­crete between 9” to 11” (22 to 28cm)

• For slabs drying from both sides (top
and bottom), the probe should be placed
into the middle of the slab.

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3. Remove any dust or foreign matter from the
Concrete Moisture Probe and electrodes
as well as from the CME concrete meter
electrodes before commencing tests. Make
sure that the floor slab being tested is clean
and bare and free from dust, dirt or standing
water.

4. Place the Concrete Moisture Probe in the
hole and the surface electrodes onto the sur­face of the material being tested. Place your
Tramex meter into the cradle of the CMP and
ensure that all of the electrode spring loaded
pins are fully compressed, both on the CMP
and the CME.

5. Take 4 readings by turning the Concrete
Moisture Probe and CME meter from ‘12
o’clock’ to 3, 6 and 9 o’clock positions.
Record the highest reading, discarding any
obvious anomalies.

6. Record the readings using the Tramex Me­ters App (when using the CME5 or CMEX5).

Interpretation of Concrete Moisture Probe
In-situ & NDT Readings in Concrete:

In newly poured concrete, the in-situ % Moisture
Content is expected to be approximately 0.5 –
1% higher than the top ¾” (20mm) surface layer
% Moisture Content value.
When readings outside these expected values are
taken, potential issues can be identified.

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Example Situation 1:

Readings are higher at the surface than the in-situ
readings in new concrete:
This may be a result of dew point issues, where
condensation has formed at the surface.
Check the ambient conditions and surface tem­perature of the concrete.
A solution would be to adjust the ambient condi­tions until concrete corrects itself.

Example Situation 2:
Readings are higher at the surface than the in-situ
readings in older concrete:
If this situation is found, when replacing a floor
covering, it may be the result of an old vapor or
moisture barrier at the surface causing moisture
to collect in the top 3/4 inch (20mm) layer below
the surface.
A solution would be to remove the surface layer
so as to allow the surface to dry out effectively.

Example Situation 3:
Readings more than 1%MC higher from the in­situ readings than the surface NDT readings:
This may be due to moisture coming up from the
concrete due to a lack of subfloor barrier.
A solution would be to consider sealing the con­crete before installing the floor covering.

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LIMITATIONS

The Concrete Moisture Probe and Concrete
Moisture Encounter will not detect or measure
moisture through any electrically conductive ma­terials including metal sheeting or cladding, many
types of black EPDM rubber or wet surfaces. The
Concrete Moisture Probe and Concrete Moisture
Encounter are not suited for taking comparative
readings in the concrete substrate through thick
floor coverings such as wood.

WARRANTY

Tramex warrants that this instrument will be free
from defects and faulty workmanship for a period
of one year from date of first purchase. If a fault
develops during the warranty period, Tramex will,
at its absolute discretion, either repair the de­fective product without charge for the parts and
labour, or will provide a replacement in exchange
for the defective product returned to Tramex Ltd.
This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure
or damage caused by improper use or improper or
inadequate maintenance and care.
In no event shall Tramex, its agents or distributors
be liable to the customer or any other person,
company or organisation for any special, indirect,
or consequential loss or damage of any type
whatsoever (including, without limitation, loss of
business, revenue, profits, data, savings or good­will), whether occasioned by the act, breach,

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omission, default, or negligence of Tramex Ltd.,
whether or not foreseeable, arising howsoever
out of or in connection with the sale of this prod­uct including arising out of breach of contract,
tort, misrepresentation or arising from statute
or indemnity. Without prejudice to the above, all
other warranties, representations and conditions
whether made orally or implied by circumstances,
custom, contract, equity, statute or common law
are hereby excluded, including all terms implied
by Section 13, 14 and 15 of the Sale of Goods Act
1893 and Sale of Goods and Supply of Services
Act 1980.

WARRANTY CLAIMS

A defective product should be returned shipping
prepaid, with full description of defect to your
supplier or to Tramex at address shown on the
back of this guide.

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

It is the policy of Tramex to continually improve
and update all its products. We therefore reserve
the right to alter the specification or design of
this instrument without prior notice.

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SAFETY

This Users Guide does not purport to address
the safety concerns, if any, associated with this
instrument or its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this instrument to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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