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AM06016

Tracer AM06016 User Manual [en, de, es, fr]

What You Can't Hear Is What You Need
To Hear!
Operator's Manual
6/06 AM06016 PRINTED IN U.S.A.
The Marksman™ ultrasonic diagnostic tool converts and amplifies inaudible ultrasonic sound into audible "natural" sound. It operates on the principle of detecting high fre­quency ultrasonic waves, which are created by friction from all moving parts, whether solid, liquid or gaseous. These "sounds" reside far above the range of the human ear and tend to be highly directional.
This directional aspect of ultrasonic waves allows one to isolate a suspect signature sound from other background noises and detect its exact location. This sound analysis can be used for efficiently investigating five major areas of repair and preventive mainte­nance in all transportation and industrial applications.
1) Air leaks Both vacuum and compressed air leaks create an energy packet or wave front which can result in an ultrasonic emission with a differential of 1 psi and/or a hole down to 0.005 inches.
2) Gas and liquid turbulence Turbulence associated with steam trap and internal valve leaks, cavitation, and block­ages in liquid and air/gas lines.
3) Electrical discharge Electrical discharge associated with insulation breakdown, tracking, corona, and arcing.
4) Mechanical wear State of mechanical wear in bearing and race assemblies, shafts, and gears (also indi­cating the state of lubrication).
5) Sound generation Can be used in conjunction with sound generators to detect container cracks and seals, door seals and compartments. (The Marksman ultrasonic emitter is matched to the Marksman receiver).
There exists a need to evaluate mechanical devices and/or systems for the purpose of determining the onset of their failure. As a practical matter, the failure of a component within a larger device does not only apply to the component itself, but can also cause devastation to the entire mechanism. Thus, the need to predict such failure is of even more importance.
To employ the ultrasound methodology in a usable manner, it is imperative the listener be able to have access to an audible sound that bares a resemblance to the natural sound of the defect. A mechanical bearing with a defective ball should sound like such. Likewise, a microscopic leak in a compressed air system should sound like a gas leak.
Simply converting the ultrasound frequencies to audible frequencies is not suffi­cient with regard to rendering a usable signal. It is for this reason the Marksman incorporate a process whereby the audible signal bears a close likeness to the nat­ural incoming sample. We call this process "Sound Signature Technology," whereby a
gas leak sounds like a gas leak and a defective bearing sounds like one. The Marksman uses a technology called heterodyning to convert the ultrasonic range into
the audible range. The Marksman is unaffected by everyday sounds such as wind, voic­es or traffic, which can further mask the technician's ability to listen for a potential prob­lem. The Marksman also incorporates AGC (automatic gain control), which allows one to study ultrasonic sounds associated with the higher level roar of a valve leak down to, lit­erally, the blink of an eye. With AGC, there is no need for high/low sensitivity switches, since the internal circuitry automatically seeks the optimum level of gain for the given sit­uation. This ultimately allows the Marksman to be picked up and learned immediately without having to fiddle with knobs to seek correct settings.
Kit Configurations and Components
Master Kit –– Contains:
1. The Marksman ultrasonic receiver. An easy-to-use unit that incorporates audio feed back and a 10 bar LED indicator for intensity of signal. The receiver has a permanently fixed 2" directional receiver port, 3.5 mm stereo jack port, and a rotary on/off volume control switch.
2. Two anodized probes: a 12" air probe and a precision length contact probe.
3. A full-sized headphone set with a 3.5mm stereo jack.
4. A rugged carrying case with form-fitting foam for storage and transportation.
5. The ultrasonic emitter. Sends out a 40Khz pulse for use in testing seal integrity in non­pressurized vessels.
6. Two 9 volt batteries.
PLEASE NOTE: The Marksman Receiver-Only Kit is also available, which contains everything in the Master Kit except
the ultrasonic emitter.
Ultrasonic Receiver
Ultrasonic Emitter
Contact Probe
Air Probe
Headphones
English
Ultrasonic Emitter
The emitter gives off a warble output centered at 40Khz. This output cannot be heard by the human ear. If the red indicator is on, the unit is emitting.
Air and Contact Probes
The air and contact probes are precision parts, designed to optimize the response of the Marksman receiver. The 12" air probe extends reach and isolates one leak among multi­ple suspect areas. Do not modify the probes in any way and never use the probes for other than described in this manual.
Batteries
Zinc or Alkaline batteries are preferred. To replace the battery in the receiver, the pro­tective rubber boot has to be removed first. The rubber boot is easier to remove when warm because it is more flexible. To remove, push the bottom edge of the boot off the inner enclosure and pull the enclosure out. Please observe polarity. Replace the boot in the reverse manner. When replacing the emitter battery, be careful not to strain or pinch the wires. Always remove the battery during a period of long storage. Also, please dispose of batteries in a manner dictated by your local laws.
IMPORTANT TIPS
Receiver and Emitter Port Openings
The port openings of the receiver and emitter contain the heart of the Marksman's oper­ation, a precision transducer. During use, guard against any foreign matter entering these areas.
Calibration
The Marksman has been optimally tuned at our factory and should require no re-calibration during its life under normal conditions.
LED Display
The LED display allows you to zero in on a steady-state source of ultrasonic sound, such as when locating an air or vacuum leak or using the emitter. Simply watch for a rise or drop in the bar levels to pinpoint the source of the problem.
Miscellaneous
To prolong battery life, turn off the Marksman when not in use, avoid rough handling, and keep away from the elements. Use the carrying case for protection and for transporting.
Safety Precautions
While the Marksman allows you to focus on diagnosing a problem in a fast and
effective manner, never lose focus of your surroundings.
1. Always remember that the Marksman and probes are an extension of your hand. Keep the probes and your hands a safe distance from moving parts and electrical areas.
2. Never over-reach or de-stabilize your footing while using the Marksman.
3. Stand a proper distance from electrical and moving parts.
4. Always be aware of the headphone cord when near moving parts.
5. Never use the air or contact probes as a lever, pry bar or for other unintended pur poses.
6. Never use the contact probe for diagnosing electrical problems.
7. Wearing headphones hinders one's ability to listen to your surroundings –– Always be alert!
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
1. Plug the headphone jack into the receptacle located on the face of the panel.
2. Thread either the air probe or contact probe into the receiver port. Refer to the "Typical Scanning Methods/Tips" section for optimum probe choice.
3. Turn the rotary knob clockwise to "ON" and watch for the LED bar to settle to the bottom position. Turn up the volume until you can just hear the background noise (hiss). Please note: Increasing the volume does not
increase the unit's detection
sensitivity. Setting the volume control too high can lead to operator fatigue.
4. When using the air probe, point the probe in the direction of your free hand while lightly rubbing your forefinger and thumb together 2+ feet away. The response should be the sound of sandpaper on wood. You can vary the distance and increase/decrease the level of volume accordingly. While performing this function, become familiar with the directional sensitivity of the probe while sweeping the probe past your fingers at various distances. If using the contact probe, adjust the sensitivity while lightly rubbing your finger along the tip of the rod.
Typical Scanning Methods/Tips
The Marksman provides information in two ways: qualitative, through the ability to "hear" the signature ultra-sounds produced by various types of equipment, and the ability to see the feedback level on a graduated LED bar readout.
MECHANICAL MALFUNCTIONS
The photo to the right shows a typical way to inspect a potential wheel bearing problem. In this case, the air probe is used since the wheel is being turned while listening for the sound of the bear­ings. The tip of the probe is kept 2-3 inches from the inspection area. Response can sometimes be opti­mized by removing the wheel and using the contact probe to touch the stationary center hub. This applies to motor housings, as well when checking motor bear­ings. The contact probe is also used in the same man­ner for investigating fuel injectors and coil-over-shock suspension systems. Touch the tip of the metal probe to the surface area being tested. Correct operation sounds one way. Malfunction sounds another way. You will easily hear the difference.
ELECTRICAL CORONA DISCHARGE
At right is a typical application using the Marksman to detect possible electrical malfunctions by listening to the electrical corona discharge associated with power switches and breaker boxes. As with all potentially dangerous situations, use
caution. Use the hollow air probe or use the receiver alone
when inspecting electrical conditions and always keep a safe distance between the air probe tip and the metal panel sur­faces. The Marksman is highly sensitive to picking up voltage breakdowns. The resultant ultrasonic sound has been described as sounding like "frying bacon."
PRESSURIZED AND VACUUM LEAKS
Applications for pressurized type inspections are endless including: compressed air or gas of any kind, air brake systems, pipes/lines, steam systems, water lines, manifolds, and likewise all vacuum systems. Note: Ultrasonic detection relies on detecting the sounds associated with the turbulence of the fluid or gas exiting a hole or orifice under a differential pressure. It is independent of the type of gas or fluid. The Marksman will read­ily detect air and vacuum leaks typically caused by bad gaskets, worn valve seats and cracks in pipes, hoses or fittings.
NON-PRESSURIZED LEAKS
Non-pressurized vessels or containers cannot generate ultrasonic sounds. The supplied ultrasonic emitter is used to broadcast an ultrasonic noise, which is optimized to the fre­quency response of the Marksman receiver. Some examples are: leaks in heating and cooling system ducts and pipes, tanks, wind­shields, weather-stripping and whole house integrity.
1. Turn on the emitter and place it in the enclosed environment to be evaluated. The emitter will fill the interior with a piercing warble sound. Note: Since the output is in the ultrasonic range, you will not hear it without the receiver.
2. Walk around the exterior of the enclosed environment while sweeping the receiver around the suspect areas. Compromised areas will be revealed by the change in tone and intensity, both audibly and visually, by listening and watching the changes on the LED display.
USING THE LED DISPLAY FOR LOCATING LEAKS
Please note that the volume control is independent of the LED display during an inspec­tion. Depending on the amount of ultrasonic signature being detected, you can use both the level of intensity on the LED display and the audible amount of sound through the headphones. As you get closer to the problem, decrease the volume. As the sound get louder, repeat the process until you have pinpointed the location.
VEHICLE APPLICA
TIONS
VACUUM LEAKS: Place the hollow air probe on the unit and listen and watch the LEDs. You can pinpoint the location of vacuum leaks quickly and easily. Use the hollow air probe or use the receiver alone.
FIND THAT ENGINE NOISE. The Marksman will locate those engine noises and let you find where they are truly coming from. Ultrasound does not transfer within engine com­ponents due to the directional characteristics of ultrasound. Use the solid cont
act
probe.
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
: Separations in high-tension spark plug wire conductors can be quickly identified from the corona discharge "snapping" sound emitted. The same applies to arcing within electrical motors and accessories. Also, listen to connection points for the "snapping" or "frying bacon" sound; this is a sound a poor connection makes under electrical load
. Circuits are best tested under operation and full load.
The Marksman unit is also great at locating short circuits. Shorts give off a "frying" or "snapping" sound also. As you are checking for shorts or connection problems, do not forget to wiggle the wiring! Those electrical problems will now call out to you. Save time!
Use the hollow air probe or use the receiver alone
.
IGNITION SYSTEMS: Listen to today's ignition systems. You can hear the coils and plugs firing. This is by far the best and quickest method for diagnosing Coil Over Plug (COP) systems. It also works great on Distributorless Ignition Systems (DIS). You will hear the snapping of the plugs firing in the headset. After some experience testing igni­tion systems, you can tell if you have a plug or wire problem by the sound alone. When checking DIS systems, make sure you listen at both ends of the wire if you can. Use the solid contact probe or use the receiver alone.
EV
AP SYSTEMS: Checking for leaks in evaporative emissions systems is simple. Start
by pressurizing the EVAP system (don't exceed the recommended pressure!). Now, sweep all the hoses and components of the system and listen for a hissing noise that would indicate a leak. Once the general area of the leak has been determined, move closer with the receiver to pinpoint the exact leakage source. Use the hollow air probe or use the receiver alone.
INJECTORS: Place the solid contact probe onto the injector to test and listen while the engine is running. You can hear the injector working plus hear the fuel flow. You may also want to shut the engine off and listen to make sure that the injector is not leaking fuel past the injector nozzles. If fuel is flowing, it will create a rushing noise in the headset. Agood clean injector will make a sharp ringing clicking tone, while a dirty injector will have a muf­fled clicking tone. Use the solid cont
act probe
.
AIR BRAKE SYSTEMS: The Marksman detector can help locate leaks quickly in both vacuum assisted and air brake systems. In many cases, leaks can be detected from a considerable distance. After building up full pressure (in the case of air brakes), a casu­al sweep of the vehicle from one end to the other using the receiver can often locate the leak. Use of the headphones will reduce noise interference from the shop. If the first sweep does not locate the leak, trace out the entire air system piping at close range (1-
Emitter
Receiver
2 feet) with the receiver. Once the general area of the leak has been determined, the receiver probe is very useful to pinpoint the exact location of the leak. For maximum effectiveness, be sure that pressure is maintained in the brake system during the entire search. If no leaks are discovered, check the air horn, windshield wiper and other air­actuated equipment. Leaks in these accessories can produce an abnormal gauge drop.
Use the hollow air probe or use the receiver alone
.
TIRES
: Sweep the tire, including the rim and valve system, to search for leaks. Asweep with the Marksman receiver will locate even the smallest of leaks. The receiver normal­ly finds leaks of sufficient magnitude before they cause downtime on the highway. In addition, you can put a soap solution on tires and listen for the bubbles to pop. Use the hollow air probe or use the receiver alone.
LEAKING ENGINE VALVES: All valves should emit a sound in a very close meter and sound pattern when the probe is placed on the intake manifold opposite the intake port. A suspect valve can then be positively checked, with the engine off, by bringing that par­ticular cylinder to full compression and placing the probe on the valve stem. The "hiss" of escaping gas across the valve seat will be distinctly audible on the leaking valve. Using the same procedure can check exhaust valves, however, signal intensity will be much greater. Use the solid cont
act probe.
EXHAUST SYSTEMS: With the engine idling, pulsation in the exhaust system can be detected with the receiver. Leak points normally give off a much louder and sharper sound. Use the hollow air probe or use the receiver alone
.
DOOR AND WINDOW GASKETS, BODY WEATHER-STRIPPING, DOOR AND TRUNK SEALS
AND FUEL T
ANKS
: When placed inside a vehicle, a completely empty fuel tank or any other enclosure, the emitter can easily locate leaks in weather-stripping, seals or the structure itself.
Use the hollow air probe or use the receiver alone
.
ADDITIONAL APPLICATIONS:
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
: Partially blocked or bypassed valves in high-pressure hydraulic systems can be difficult and costly to find with conventional methods. Since hydraulic systems employ very high pressures, the intensity of the ultrasonic sound given off by an internal leak is extremely high and easily detected by the receiver. Use the hollow air probe, solid contact probe or use the receiver alone.
WATER LEAKS IN ROOFS, WINDOWS OR DOORS: Place the activated emitter below the suspected leak area. Check the suspected part of the roof with the receiver to iso­late where the leak originates. This will also aid in the detection of any leaks in the area.
Use the hollow air probe or use the receiver alone
. (See figures to right)
Emitter
Receiver
Emitter
Receiver
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Dimensions: Width: 4.0" (10.2 cm)
Depth: 1.5" (3.8 cm)
Length: 6.0" (15.2 cm) Weight: 3 lbs. (1.4 kg) Housing: Chemical resistant ABS
with protective rubber boot Battery Life: Approx. 20 hrs. Power Requirement: Standard 9-Volt Power Consumption: 26 mA, typical Frequency Response: 36,000-44,000Hz Circuitry: Solid state Headphones: Full-sized noise attenuating Headphone Connector: 3.5m phone plug Operating Temp. Range: +10 to +60 degrees Celsius
Ce que vous n'entendez pas est en fait ce que
vous devez entendre !
Manuel d'utilisation
L'équipement de détection ultrasonore de fuites et de diagnostic de panne Marksman™ permet de convertir et d'amplifier les ultrasons imperceptibles à l'oreille humaine en des sons " naturels " et en une gamme de fréquences audibles. Il fonctionne en détectant les ondes de hautes fréquences provenant de la friction de toutes les pièces en mouvement, quelles qu'elles soient, solides, liquides ou gazeuses. Ces "sons" existent bien au-delà de la gamme des sons perceptibles par l'oreille humaine et ont tendance à être haute­ment directifs.
Cet aspect directif des ultrasons vous permet d'isoler un son suspect parmi des bruits de fond et de le localiser avec précision. Cette analyse de son peut être utilisée afin de faire une révision poussée de cinq catégories de réparation et de maintenance préventive dans le secteur automobile ou industriel.
1) Fuites d'air Les fuites d'air comprimé ou de vide engendrent une énergie ou une surface d'onde qui se traduira par un ultrason avec un différentiel d'1 psi et/ou un trou de 0,127 mm.
2) Turbulence gazeuse ou liquide Turbulence liée aux purgeurs automatiques et aux fuites de soupapes internes, aux cav­itations et obstructions au niveau des conduites de liquide, d'air ou de gaz.
3) Décharge électrique Décharge électrique en raison d'une isolation défectueuse, un mauvais cheminement des câbles, une effluve électrique (effet couronne) ou la production d'étincelles.
4) Usure mécanique État d'usure mécanique des roulements et des bagues, arbres et engrenages (ainsi que l'état de leur lubrification)
5) Sons Le détecteur Marksman peut être utilisé parallèlement avec des générateurs de son afin de détecter les fissures pouvant apparaître sur les contenants, le calfeutrage, les joints de porte et divers compartiments (l'émetteur à ultrasons Marksman est apparié au récep- teur Marksman.)
L'évaluation de l'état des dispositifs mécaniques et/ou des systèmes afin de prévenir toute panne est une nécessité. D'une manière générale, si un élément d'un dispositif plus important tombe en panne, cette panne risque d'avoir de graves conséquences sur l'ensemble sur mécanisme. Par conséquent, il s'avère encore plus important de pouvoir prédire telle panne à l'avance.
petits défauts ou fuites. La taille de ces défauts est si petite que les sons qu'ils produisent sont imperceptibles à l'oreille humaine. Le plus souvent, ces défauts génèrent des sons dont la gamme est située entre 38 000 et 43 000 cycles par seconde, à savoir des ultra­sons.
Pour détecter correctement une panne à l'aide d'ultrasons, il est indispensable que la personne qui testera le mécanisme puisse percevoir un son audible qui ressemble au son naturel du défaut. Un roulement comportant une bille défectueuse devrait toujours avoir le même son. De la même manière, une fuite microscopique au niveau d'un circuit d'air comprimé devrait avoir le même son qu'une fuite de gaz. Il ne suffit pas de con-
vertir les ultrasons en des fréquences audibles afin d'obtenir un signal utilisable. Pour cette raison, le détecteur Marksman fait correspondre le signal audible à un son qui sera d'une grande similarité à celui de l'échantillon naturel qui est recueil­li. Nous appelons le processus qui fait en sorte qu'une fuite de gaz ait toujours le son
Le détecteur Marksman fonctionne grâce à une technologie de changement de fréquence simple permettant de transformer la gamme d'ultrasons en une gamme de fréquences audibles. Le détecteur Marksman demeure inchangé par les sons de tous les jours tels que le vent, les voix ou la circulation automobile qui risquent de nuire encore plus à la capacité du technicien réparateur à détecter un problème potentiel. Le détecteur Marksman comporte également une commande automatique de gain (CAG) qui vous permet d'étudier en un clin d'oeil les ultrasons associés au vrombissement d'une valve présentant une fuite dont le niveau de son sera supérieur. Grâce à cette com­mande CAG, il est inutile d'utiliser de commutateurs de sensibilité car le circuit interne recherche automatiquement le niveau optimal de gain selon la situation. Ceci vous per­met d'apprendre immédiatement à utiliser le détecteur Marksman sans avoir besoin de jouer avec les boutons afin de rechercher les bons niveaux.
Le kit et ses éléments
Le kit maître contient:
1. Le récepteur d'ultrasons Marksman. Un appareil facile à utiliser avec affichage de réaction audio et un écran DEL de 10 barres indiquant l'intensité du signal. Le récepteur comporte une prise fixe de 5 cm de récepteur directionnel, une prise stéréo de 3,5 mm et une commande de réglage de volume pour marche et arrêt.
2. Deux sondes anodisées: une sonde d'air de 30 cm et une sonde de contact de précision.
3. Un casque d'écoute avec fiche stéréo de 3,5 mm.
4. Un étui robuste avec logements en mousse pour ranger et transporter les éléments du kit.
5. L'émetteur d'ultrasons. Il permet d'envoyer une impulsion de 40Khz afin de tester l'intégrité du joint à l'intérieur d'enceintes sous pression.
6. Deux piles de 9 volts.
VEUILLEZ NOTER: Le kit Marksman avec récepteur seulement est également disponible séparément. Il contient tous les elements du kit maître sauf
l'émetteur d'ultrasons.
French
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