Townshend Computer Tools DAT-Link User Manual

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Page 1

DAT-Link/DAT-Link

User's Manual

Townshend Computer Tools, Inc.

10 Ontario West, Suite 502

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

H2X 1Y6

514-289-9123

[email protected]

Revision 2.28

June 13, 1997

Page 2



DAT-Link,DAT-Link

Tools

DEC, DECstation, and Ultrix are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation.

RISC/6000 and AIX are trademarks of IBM.

Sun-3, Sun-4, SPARC, SunOS, and Sun Workstation are all registered trademarks

of Sun Microsystems, Incorporated.

UNIX

is a registered trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories.

+, and NetAudio are trademarks of Townshend Computer

Page 3

DAT-Link/DAT-Link

User's Manual

Ariel Corporation

433 River Road

Highland Park, NJ

908-249-2900

Revision 2.28

June 13, 1997

Page 4



DAT-Link,DAT-Link

Tools

DEC, DECstation, and Ultrix are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation.

RISC/6000 and AIX are trademarks of IBM.

Sun-3, Sun-4, SPARC, SunOS, and Sun Workstation are all registered trademarks

of Sun Microsystems, Incorporated.

UNIX

is a registered trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories.

+, and NetAudio are trademarks of Townshend Computer

Page 5

Contents

1 Introduction 7

1.1 About This Manual

1.2 Getting Help

2 Installation 9

2.1 What Comes with the

2.2 What You Need to Provide

2.3 Hardware Connection Summary

2.4 Machine Sp ecic Instructions

2.4.1 SUN Microsystems

2.4.2 Digital Equipment Corporation, DECstation

2.4.3 Digital Equipment Corporation, DECstation

2.4.4 Hewlett-Packard

2.4.5 IBM Risc Systems/6000

2.4.6 Solbourne

2.4.7 Sony NEWS Workstations

2.4.8 Silicon Graphics

2.4.9 IBM PC and Compatibles

2.4.10 NeXT

2.4.11 Other UNIX-Based Computers

2.5 Connecting to a Digital Audio Device

2.6 Software Installation

2.6.1 Installation from DATTape

2.6.2 Conguring the Installation

2.6.3 Installation from Cartridge or DDS DATTape

2.6.4 DOS Software Installation

2.7 Testing the DAT-Link

2.7.1 Testing the Connection to the Computer

2.7.2 Testing the Infrared Remote Control

2.7.3 Testing the Digital Audio Connections

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Page 6

2 CONTENTS

3 NetAudio Server 45

3.1 Starting the Server

3.2 Setting up to Run Client Programs

3.3 Programs that Bypass the Server

3.4 Terminating the Server

4 Command Summary 49

5 Playback Tutorial 51

5.1 Setting up the DAT Machine

5.1.1 Recording onto a DAT

5.1.2 Listening to a File Without Recording

5.2 Running the

5.3 FrontPanel Indications

5.4 Stereo or Mono

5.5 Playing Part of a File

5.6 Repeating a Passage

5.7 Sampling Rates

5.7.1 DAT Sampling Rate

5.7.2 File Sampling Rate

5.8 File Formats

5.9 Playing Multiple Files

5.10 Using Standard Input

5.11 Channel Status and User Bits

5.12 Starting and Stopping the DAT

5.13 Buering of Audio Data

5.14 Customizing the Conguration

naplay

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6 Recording Tutorial 61

6.1 Setting up the DAT Machine

6.1.1 Transferring from Tape to Disk

6.1.2 Transferring from CD to Disk

6.1.3 Making a Live Recording

6.2 Running the

6.3 FrontPanel Indications

6.4 Selecting the Input Source

6.5 Stereo or Mono

6.6 Specifying the Recording Duration

6.7 Sampling Rates

6.7.1 DAT Sampling Rate

6.7.2 File Sampling Rate

6.8 Skipping Silence

6.9 File Formats

6.10 Using Standard Output

6.11 Channel Status and User Bits

narecord

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Program

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Page 7

CONTENTS 3

6.12 Starting and Stopping the DAT

6.13 Buering of Audio Data

6.14 Customizing the Conguration

6.15 Speech Segmentation

7 Sampling Rate Conversion 71

7.1 Specications of Some Example Converters

7.2 Changing the Filter Response

7.3 Stopband Attenuation

8 Remote Control 75

8.1 Training the Infrared Controller

8.2 Using the Remote Control

8.3 ES-Bus Remote Control

8.4 Hard-wired Remote Controls

9 Using Multiple DAT-Links 79

9.1 Synchronization

9.1.1 Synchronization with

9.1.2 Synchronization with

9.2 Multiple Unit Recording

9.3 Multiple Unit Playback

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DAT-Link

+Version 1.6

Versions Prior to 1.6

: : : : : : : : :

: : : :

10 Utilities 87

10.1 Checking the Software and Hardware Revision Numbers

10.2 Monitoring NetAudio Server Status

10.3 Controlling NetAudio Server Parameters

10.4 Downloading DSP32C Programs

10.5 Checking the DAT-Link's Filters

10.6 Interactive Playback of Multiple Files

11 Third Party Support 97

11.1 User Interfaces

11.1.1 Entropic Research ESPS/

11.1.2 Comdisco Systems SPW

11.2 Development Software

11.2.1 AT&T DSP32C Development System

11.3 Hardware

11.3.1 Ariel Corp's ProPort

11.3.2 TEAC Data DAT Recorders

12 Subroutine Library 115

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waves+

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103

105

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Page 8

4 CONTENTS

A Troublesho oting 119

A.1 No Communications with DAT-Link

A.2 Device Busy Errors

A.3 DAT Distribution Tape Problems

A.4 Problems with Training (rctrain)

B File Formats 123

B.1 Audio Data File Formats

B.1.1 Raw

B.1.2 Swap

B.1.3 Native

B.1.4 AIFF

B.1.5 AIFC

B.1.6 SPW

B.1.7 ESPS

B.1.8 SPPACK

B.1.9 Multi-Channel File Formats

B.2 Segmentation File Format

B.3 Conguration File (.datlinkrc)

B.4 Channel Status & User Bits Files

B.5 Remote Control Files

B.5.1 Format of the Remote Control Files

B.5.2 Editing the Remote Control Descriptions

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119

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128

C Connectors 131

C.1

DSP-Port

C.1.1 Conguring the

C.2

Sync

D Digital Audio Devices Supported 135

E DIP Switch settings 139

F Known Bugs and Limitations 141

F.1 Limitations

F.2 Bugs

G Reference Manual 145

G.1 User Programs

DLMKRDY

DLMPLAY

DLMREC

NADSPOD

NAGETFILTER

NALOADDSP

NAPLAY

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DSP-Port

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Page 9

CONTENTS 5

NARECORD

NARECSEG

NASET

NASTATUS

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RCTRAIN

SV3900

TEACIN

TEACOUT

XNAPLAY

G.3 Subroutine Library

NA DSP

NA EVENT

NA INFO

NA REMOTE

NETAUDIO

G.8 Utilities

DLTEST

NAKILLSERVER

NALOOP

NASERVER

NAVERSION

NETAUDIOD

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195

196

Bibliography 197

Index 197

Page 10

6 CONTENTS

Page 11

Chapter 1

Intro duction

You have just purchased

tions.

DAT-Link

equipment|DAT, CD, MD, DCC< converters, processors, and other devices.

Link

can be used to play back and record sound les from your workstation or as

an instrument in producing audiophile recordings. Here is a sample of some of the

features of

Recording:

The source can be from tape, CD, or live.

Listening:

Remote Control:

Signal Processing:

real-time ltering and sample-rate conversion to and from any user-specied

rate.

Subco de:

Versatility:

face byemulating standard tape drives { no special system software required.

DAT-Link

or slots required in your computer. When you upgrade your computer,

Link

provides a bridge between your computer and high-quality audio

DAT-Link

Direct-to-disk stereo recording limited only by available disk space.

Fast response playback and transfer from disk to tape.

Full channel status and user bit information can be read and written.

Works with most

is a standalone unit connected via SCSI cable { no add-on boards

will stay with you.

DAT-Link

Complete remote control of most DAT machines.

Built-in digital signal processor provides software-controlled,

, the ultimate digital audio solution for worksta-

UNIXorDOS

based workstations with a SCSI inter-

DAT-

Expandability:

number of channels is limited only by sp eed of host computer and disk drives.

External clo ck input and output for synchronization with other equipment.

Multiple

DAT-Links

can be used for multi-track recording. The

Page 12

8 Introduction

Network Compatible:

vides access to the

work.

In addition to the above,

DSP-Port:

be connected to external equipment for general purpose DSP applications.

Expandability:

up to 2 Mbytes for users that wish to run their own DSP applications on the

DAT-Link

1.1 About This Manual

This manual consists of two main parts, a user's manual and reference material in

the Appendices. The user's manual should be all you need to use the

it describes the installation of the

are used with it.

The reference manual contains copies of the manual pages that are available online

using the

for users that wish to write their own programs using the

existing programs to special situations. File formats are also described in these

Appendices.

This connector allows the

DAT-Link

UNIX

man

The NetAudio software included with the

DAT-Link

+'s 64 kbytes of fast static RAM can be upgraded to

command. It also provides some more detailed information

's functions from anywhere on a local area net-

+ adds the following features:

DAT-Link

+'s DSP32C signal processor to

and each of the major programs that

DAT-Link

or adapt the

pro-

Note that throughout this manual the name

original

to features unique to the

1.2 Getting Help

If you haveany problems installing or using the

DAT-Link

Also, there is an electronic mailing for

new software releases, p otential problems and advice is p osted. You can join the

list by sending e-mail to

where

the single word

DAT-Link

supplier, or you can contact us by electronic mail at

subscribe dl-users NAME

NAME

and to

is your full name (not your e-mail address). A message consisting of

help

DAT-Link

[email protected]m

can also provide additional information on the mail server.

+. The name

DAT-Link

with a message of:

is used to refer to both the

+ is used only to refer

you can contact your

[email protected]

users where information about

Page 13

Chapter 2

Installation

2.1 What Comes with the

The box containing the



The

DAT-Link



An external power supply.



The remote transmitter unit.



A SCSI terminator.



A cartridge or DAT tape containing the



This manual.

2.2 What You Need to Provide

AUNIXorDOS

Mbytes of free disk space and additional space for storing audio les. (Audio

les can consume up to 12 Mbytes/minute.)



A SCSI cable for your workstation to connect it to the

describes the type of cable required for dierenttypes of workstations. Cables

can b e ordered from your



A Digital Audio Tape (DAT) machine or other digital audio device with digital

inputs and/or outputs.

DAT-Link

main unit.

based workstation with a SCSI interface with at least 8

should have contained the following items:

DAT-Link

supplier.

software.

DAT-Link

. Section 2.4



Cables to connect the digital audio device to the

turers supply these with the DATorCDmachine.

DAT-Link

. Most manufac-

Page 14

10 Installation

2.3 Hardware Connection Summary

The following is a short summary of the steps needed to connect and congure the

DAT-Link

on using the

. Following sections will expand on these steps and provide information

DAT-Link

with specic computers.

1. Set the

Link

is ignored. See the sections below on individual machine types for help in

selecting an unused SCSI ID number for the

select a SCSI ID already in use by a disk or tape drive. Damage to

disk contents or the computer may result!!

2. Set the

the correct setting will b e all switches down. However, check the appropriate

machine instructions in Section 2.4 for the correct setting.

3. Connect the

This cable must b e ordered separately from the

for eachtyp e of computer. See the detailed instructions for each machine type

below for information on the type of cable required. If the

last device on the SCSI bus, connect the provided SCSI terminator between

the cable and the

4. Connect the digital audio device to the

5. Connect the remote transmitter to the

DAT-Link

infrared remote sensor.

6. Connect the external power supply to the

7. Turn on the front panel power switch on the

Playback

LED may or may not turn on depending on whether a valid digital audio

signal is connected to one of the

SCSI ID

. Once the

Options

LED's on the front panel should ash briey then go out. The

switch on the rear panel switch before powering-up the

DAT-Link

switches on the rear of the

DAT-Link

and p osition it so that it is in the line-of-sight of the DAT machine's

is turned on, the setting of the

DAT-Link.Be careful not to

DAT-Link

SCSI

port to the host computer via a SCSI cable.

DAT-Link

's SCSI connector.

DAT-Link

remote

DAT-Link

's inputs.

. (See Section 2.5)

connector on the rear of the

's +5V input.

DAT-Link

SCSI ID

. For most computers

since it is dierent

DAT-Link

. The

Record

DAT-

switch

is the

and

Lock

2.4 Machine Specic Instructions

This section explains in detail how to connect the

computers. You need only refer to the section for the computer of interest to install

the

DAT-Link

listed. The underlined entries indicate congurations which we have tested. The

manufacturers indicate that the other listed congurations should be equivalent

and work equally well. Even if your particular conguration is not listed in these

. For each machine, the models and operating systems supported are

DAT-Link

to dierenttypes of

Page 15

2.4 Machine Specic Instructions 11

sections, the

for details.

2.4.1 SUN Microsystems

Manufacturer:

Models:

Operating System:

Cables Required

To connect the SPARCStation with the

high-density 50 pin D connector

on the other end. This may also be called a

available from your SUN hardware supplier or can be ordered from your

supplier.

Choosing a SCSI ID

If you are using the standard software as supplied by SUN, then SCSI ID's 4 and 5

are reserved for tape drives, or devices such as the

a tap e drive connected to your machine, check its SCSI ID setting which should

be either 4 or 5. You can then use the other number for the

ID's are already b eing used, or if you wish to install multiple

then a custom

administrator. Arbitrary SCSI ID's can then be chosen in the range 0 to 6.

DAT-Link

SPARCStation 1, 1+,2, IPC, IPX, SLC, ELC, 10, 4/470,LX

UNIX

will probably work ne|consult your

SUN Microsystems

SunOS 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3; Solaris 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4

DAT-Link

on one end and a

SCSI-1 to SCSI-2

kernel must be built for the machine | a job for a system

you will require a cable with a

50 pin Centronics typeconnector

DAT-Link

cable. It should be

. If you already have

DAT-Link

supplier

DAT-Link

. If both

devices,

The SCSI ID's of all devices connected, including the

by halting the computer and using the

system boot prompt, \>". See the

plied with your workstation for details on halting and rebooting the computer.

Under Solaris 2.x, the

addresses (target ID's) of the connected devices.

Connecting the

The next step is to connect the

unterminate the SCSI bus temp orarily, it is recommended that you shut-down and

turn o the computer before making the connection.

The

testing. The SUN itself uses SCSI ID 7

DAT-Link

probe-scsi

Sun System & Network Manager's Guide

prtconf -v

DAT-Link

's SCSI ID switch goes up to 9, but the 8 and 9 settings are only for factory

command can also be used to identify the SCSI

DAT-Link

to the computer. Since it is necessary to

command when you have the

, can also be checked

sup-

Page 16

12 Installation

Make sure the

down. Then connect the

DAT-Link

terminator b etween the cable and the

Once it is hooked up and powered on you can rebo ot the computer. If you have

trouble rebooting, verify that the SCSI ID selected on the

that was in use. Note that you may, during bo ot-up, encounter a message similar

to:

This can b e safely ignored.

Conguring the Device Drivers - SunOS 4.1.x

Next, you need to create a device in the

be a character device with the major and minor device numbers corresponding to

a standard 1/4 inch tap e drive at the SCSI address selected on the

for example, the

commands:

Options

is the last device on the SCSI bus, be sure to connect the provided SCSI

st1: warning, unknown tape drive found

/etc/mknod /dev/datlink0 c 18 5

chmod 666 /dev/datlink0

switches on the rear of the

DAT-Link

is set for SCSI ID 5, the device can be created with the

DAT-Link

to the computer using the SCSI cable. If the

DAT-Link

/dev

's SCSI connector.

directory called

are set with all switches

DAT-Link

datlink0

was not one

. It should

DAT-Link

. If,

For SCSI ID 4, the equivalent commands are:

/etc/mknod /dev/datlink0 c 18 4

chmod 666 /dev/datlink0

Note that you will need to b e logged in as

For more complex congurations where other SCSI ID's are used consult the section

below regarding SUN's device number metho ds for SCSI tape drives. You can now

proceed with the software installation in Section 2.6 b elow.

Device Driver Numbering - SunOS 4.1.x

SUN's minor device naming abovemay seem to imply that the minor device corre-

sponds to the SCSI ID. In general, this is not the case. For example, on a typical

Sun 4/470 kernel, tape devices are congured in the kernel such that the following

boot-time messages are generated:

si0 at vme24d16 0x200000 vec 0x40

root

to execute the above commands.

Page 17

2.4 Machine Specic Instructions 13

st0 at si0 slave 32

st1 at si0 slave 40

st2 at si0 slave 24

st3 at si0 slave 16

The

slave

at SCSI ID 5,

for the tap e devices are as follows:

crw-rw-rw- 1 root staff 18, 4 May 3 05:34 /dev/nrst0

crw-rw-rw- 1 root staff 18, 5 Apr 26 16:25 /dev/nrst1

crw-rw-rw- 1 root staff 18, 6 Apr 9 12:11 /dev/nrst2

crw-rw-rw- 1 root staff 18, 7 Apr 9 12:11 /dev/nrst3

crw-rw-rw- 1 root staff 18, 68 Apr 9 12:11 /dev/nrst4

crw-rw-rw- 1 root staff 18, 69 Jan 24 1992 /dev/nrst5

crw-rw-rw- 1 root staff 18, 70 Jan 24 1992 /dev/nrst6

crw-rw-rw- 1 root staff 18, 71 Jan 24 1992 /dev/nrst7

crw-rw-rw- 1 root staff 18, 12 Jan 24 1992 /dev/nrst8

crw-rw-rw- 1 root staff 18, 13 Jan 24 1992 /dev/nrst9

Thus, the mapping from SCSI ID's to minor devices is as follows:

number above is 8 times the SCSI ID. Thus

st2

is at SCSI ID 3 and

st3

is at SCSI ID 2. The minor device ID's

st0

is at SCSI ID 4,

st1

SCSI ID Tape Device Ma jor,Minor Device

4 st0 (18,4)

5 st1 (18,5)

3 st2 (18,6)

2 st3 (18,7)

st4 (18,68)

st5 (18,69)

Thus, although (18,4) and (18,5) would correspond to SCSI ID's 4 and 5 respectively,

(18,6) and (18,7) would b e used to access SCSI ID's 3 and 2 respectively.

In general to determine the correct minor device numbers it is necessary to know

both the mapping from SCSI ID's tostnn

uration,

Conguring the Device Drivers - Solaris 2.x

Under Solaris 2.x, it is necessary to congure the devices directory using the fol-

lowing steps:

and

, the minor device numbers for eachstnn



Shutdown the computer.

numbers contained in the kernel cong-

device.

Page 18

14 Installation



Connect and power-up the

switch.



Boot the workstation using the

machine for all connected devices.



After the computer has bo oted the system will have created a new device le

for the

to the machine this will be named

exist, the tape unit number in the above path may be a higher number. These

les are actually symbolic links to lenames which identify the SCSI ID of the

device. For example, if the

only tap e device on the system, then

this path shows that the device is at SCSI ID 5.



Create a symbolic link from the ab ove le to



The

DAT-Link



/sbus@f,e0001000/esp@1,200000/st@5,0:

ln -s /dev/rmt/0 /dev/datlink0

DAT-Link

. If there are no tape devices or other

should now be ready to use.

DAT-Link

boot -r

DAT-Link

with the chosen SCSI ID set on its

command. This will recongure the

DAT-Links

/dev/rmt/0

is connected with SCSI ID 5 and is the

/dev/rmt/0

. If other tape devices also

will be a symbolic link

. The \@5" at the end of

/dev/datlink0

connected

. For example,

2.4.2 Digital Equipment Corp oration, DECstation

Manufacturer:

Models:

Operating System:

Cables Required

To connect a DECstation with the

Centronics typeconnector

It should be available from your DEC hardware supplier or can be ordered from

your

Choosing a SCSI ID

Before connecting the

use on your system. To do this, you need to rst shutdown the computer by logging

in as ro ot and running:

Ultrix 2.0 is

DECstation 2100, 3100

DAT-Link

Digital Equipment Corp.

Ultrix V4.2, V4.32,

on both ends. This may also be called a

supplier.

not

DAT-Link

supported

,you need to check which SCSI ID's are already in

DAT-Link

you will require a cable with a

SCSI-1

50 pin

cable.

Page 19

2.4 Machine Specic Instructions 15

shutdown -h now

Once you receivea\>" prompt, make sure all the SCSI devices connected to the

machine are turned on, and type:

test -c

This will run a self-test of the DECstation and, in the process, display a listing of

each SCSI device connected to the machine. For example, if you have a TK50 tape

drive, you should see an entry similar to:

U[5] Dev type 1 TZ

RMB 0xd0 rmv mda TZK50

Vrs 1

Format 0

Add len 0

The important thing to note is the \U[5]". This indicates the device is connected

as SCSI ID 5. Examine the display and note which devices are in use. Any ID's

between 0 and 6 which do not show a connected device can be used for the

Link

. Note that although the

9 are reserved for factory testing. ID 7 is reserved by the host computer. For

the following instructions, we will assume that the device ID chosen was 4. If you

choose a dierent ID, make sure you replace \4" with the chosen ID before typing

any commands that follow.

DAT-Link

's ID switch go es up to 9, settings 8 and

DAT-

Connecting the

The next step is to connect the

unterminate the SCSI bus temp orarily, it is recommended that you shut-down and

turn o the computer before making the connection.

The

Options

down. Then connect the

DAT-Link

terminator between the cable and the

so can cause problems with reb ooting the DECstation. Once it is ho oked up and

powered on you can rebo ot the computer. If you have trouble reb ooting, verify that

the SCSI ID selected on the

As the computer starts

is the last device on the SCSI bus, be sure to connect the provided SCSI

tz4 at sii0 slave 4 (TZxx) [TCT DAT-Link 1420]

DAT-Link

switches on the rear of the

DAT-Link

UNIX

,you should see a line similar to:

to the computer using the SCSI cable. If the

to the computer. Since it is necessary to

DAT-Link

was not one that was already in use.

should be set with all switches

's SCSI connector. Failure to do

Page 20

16 Installation

This above line shows that the system found the

have congured the

value in the ab ove message.

Conguring the Device Drivers

The computer must now be informed that a new device has b een installed. This is

done by logging in as

cd /dev

./MAKEDEV tz4

You will then see a message such as:

MAKEDEV: special file(s) for tz4

The second line abovemaybedierent in that the \rmt1" may be replaced with

\rmt0", \rmt2", or another similar string. The nal step is to create the

device le. Use the rst device name returned ab ove (rmt0l, rmt1l, or

you type:

ln -s rmt1l datlink0

DAT-Link

root

rmt1l nrmt1l rmt1h nrmt1h rmt1m nrmt1m rmt1a nrmt1a

with a ID other than 4, you should see the selected

, then entering the commands:

DAT-Link

at SCSI ID 4. If you

DAT-Link

:::

) when

You can now proceed with the software installation in Section 2.6 below.

2.4.3 Digital Equipment Corp oration, DECstation

Manufacturer:

Models:

Operating System:

Cables Required

To connect a DECstation with the

Centronics typeconnector

It should be available from your DEC hardware supplier or can be ordered from

your

OSF/1 2.0 has several bugs in the SCSI drivers, V3.0 is recommended.

4000/710 (alpha), 3000/500 (alpha), 1000 4/233 (alpha)

DAT-Link

Digital Equipment Corp.

OSF/1 V1.3, OSF/1 2.03, OSF/1 3.0, OSF/1 3.2

DAT-Link

on both ends. This may also be called a

supplier.

you will require a cable with a

SCSI-1

50 pin

cable.

Page 21

2.4 Machine Specic Instructions 17

Choosing a SCSI ID

Before connecting the

use on your system. To do this, you need to rst shutdown the computer by logging

in as ro ot and running:

shutdown -h now

Once you receivea\>" prompt, make sure all the SCSI devices connected to the

machine are turned on, and type:

show device

This will display a listing of each SCSI device connected to the machine. It will

also indicate the SCSI target ID of each device including the

connected. Examine the display and note which devices are in use. Any ID's

between 0 and 6 which do not show a connected device can be used for the

Link

. Note that although the

9 are reserved for factory testing. ID 7 is reserved by the host computer. For

the following instructions, we will assume that the device ID chosen was 4. If you

choose a dierent ID, make sure you replace \4" with the chosen ID before typing

any commands that follow.

DAT-Link

,you need to check which SCSI ID's are already in

DAT-Link

's ID switch go es up to 9, settings 8 and

, if it is

DAT-

Connecting the

The next step is to connect the

unterminate the SCSI bus temp orarily, it is recommended that you shut-down and

turn o the computer before making the connection.

The

Options

down. Then connect the

DAT-Link

terminator between the cable and the

so can cause problems with rebooting the DECstation. Once you havechosen an

ID and connected the DAT-Link, rerun the

the computer can communicate with the

Once it is hooked up and powered on you can rebo ot the computer. If you have

trouble rebooting, verify that the SCSI ID selected on the

that was already in use. Note that during the b oot sequence, some SCSI devices

will b e listed. The

problem.

is the last device on the SCSI bus, be sure to connect the provided SCSI

DAT-Link

switches on the rear of the

DAT-Link

to the computer using the SCSI cable. If the

may not appear in this list. This does not indicate a

to the computer. Since it is necessary to

DAT-Link

show devices

DAT-Link

should be set with all switches

's SCSI connector. Failure to do

command to verify that

DAT-Link

was not one

Page 22

18 Installation

Conguring the Device Drivers

The computer must now be informed that a new device has b een installed. This is

done by logging in as

cd /dev

./MAKEDEV tz13

The number following the \tz" name ab ove is a combination of the SCSI bus number

(either 0, 1, and so on) and the device's target ID number. The unit number is

eight times the bus number plus the target ID. For example, a

ID 3 on bus 0 would be referred to as tz3, whereas a datlink at target ID 5 on the

second SCSI bus would be referred to as tz13.

You will then see a message such as:

MAKEDEV: special file(s) for tz13

The second line abovemaybedierent in that the \rmt1" may be replaced with

\rmt0", \rmt2", or another similar string. The nal step is to create the

device le. Use the rst device name returned ab ove (rmt0l, rmt1l, or

you type:

root

, then entering the commands:

DAT-Link

rmt1l nrmt1l rmt1h nrmt1h rmt1m nrmt1m rmt1a nrmt1a

at target

DAT-Link

:::

) when

ln -s rmt1l datlink0

Note that during operation, you may occasionally see the following message on the

console or in the system log:

ctape_strat:READ case and density info not valid

This message can be ignored and does not indicate a problem. However, if the

message is repeated continuously, please contact your

You can now proceed with the software installation in Section 2.6 below.

2.4.4 Hewlett-Packard

Manufacturer:

Models:

Operating System:

HP 9000 Series 700: 720, 730, 735, 750; Series 800: K400

Hewlett-Packard

HP-UX 8.05, 8.07, 9.01, 10.01410.20

DAT-Link

supplier.

Page 23

2.4 Machine Specic Instructions 19

Cables Required

To connect the HP computer with the

high-density 50 pin D connector

on the other end. This may also be called a

available from your HP hardware supplier or can be ordered from your

supplier. Make sure to connect to the HP's external, single-ended SCSI bus. The

DAT-Link

Choosing a SCSI ID

Before connecting the

in use on your system. SCSI ID's range from 0 to 7. The HP computer uses ID

7. Disk drives, tape drives and other peripherals connected to your computer will

use additional SCSI ID's. You will need to check which ID's are in use, and nd an

unused one to assign to the

switch on the rear of the

9, settings 8 and 9 should not be used as these do not correspond to a valid SCSI

ID.

Connecting the

The next step is to connect the

unterminate the SCSI bus temp orarily, it is recommended that you shut-down and

turn o the computer before making the connection.

will not work with a dierential or fast/wide SCSI bus.

DAT-Link

on one end and a

, you need to check which SCSI ID's are already

DAT-Link

SCSI-1 to SCSI-2

. Once an ID has b een chosen, set the

. Note that although the switchgoesupto

to the computer. Since it is necessary to

you will require a cable with a

50 pin Centronics typeconnector

cable. It should be

DAT-Link

SCSI

The

Options

and 4 down and switch 2 up. Next, follow the instructions in Section 2.3 to connect

the

DAT-Link

trouble rebooting, verify that the SCSI ID selected on the

that was in use.

Conguring the Device Drivers

First, you should verify that system can properly see the DAT-Link. The

can b e used for this and should contain some output similar to:

10/16 bc Bus Converter

10/16/16 ext_bus HP 28655A - SCSI Interface

10/16/16.5 target

10/16/16.5.0 tape HP HP35450A -A

Note that above is the output for a

ended SCSI adapter card at slot 10/16/16 in a K400 machine. Dierent machine

switches on the rear of the

. Once it is hooked up you can reboot the computer. If you have

DAT-Link

should be set with switches 1, 3,

DAT-Link

at SCSI ID 5 connected to single-

was not one

ioscan

Page 24

20 Installation

type, choice of slots or ID's, or conguration will result in slightly dierent listing.

The important thing is the presence of a tap e device reported as an HP35450A.

This is really a

DAT-Link

emulating an HP tape device.

The next step is to create a device le in the

management utility can be used for this. Once

Devices

installed tape devices including one for the

to:

Note again, that the details will change dep ending on the particular machine con-

guration. For example, the rst digit of the string '5.0.0' will always be the SCSI

ID selected for the

The next step is to select the line for the

over it and pressing return. You then need to use the

the

Files

the names of these device les bycho osing

menu. Note the short device name for the following step. Depending on the number

of tape drives already installed this will probably be

Finally, exit from

where the

proceed with the software installation in Section 2.6 b elow.

option, then the

10/12/5.0.0 stape C1533A 4 GB DDS Data Compression Tape

DAT-Link

Create Device Files

choice. This will create a set of device les in

sam

ln -s rmt/1m datlink0

should b e replaced with the device name found above. You can now

Tape Drives

item. From there, select the

and give the following command:

/dev/rmt

sam

option. You should then have a list of

DAT-Link

Show Device Files

directory. The

is started select the

which will have a line similar

by positioning the cursor

Actions

Create Default Devices

/dev/rmt

0mor1m

sam

Peripheral

menu to select

. You can see

from the

Actions

system

2.4.5 IBM Risc Systems/6000

Manufacturer:

Models:

Operating System:

Cables Required

To connect the RISC/6000 with the

Centronics typeconnector

It should be available from your IBM hardware supplier or can be ordered from

your

RISC/6000 Mo dels 320, 320H, 520, 530, 530H, 550, 930, 950

DAT-Link

IBM

supplier.

AIX 3.1.5

DAT-Link

on both ends. This may also be called a

you will require a cable with

SCSI-1

50 pin

cable.

Page 25

2.4 Machine Specic Instructions 21

Choosing a SCSI ID

Before connecting the

use on your system. To do this, you need to login as

manager's to ol:

smit devices

You should then see a menu on the screen listing a number of options. Use the

key to movedown the list until

then press return. The system will then compile a list of devices. You can scroll

through this list using the"and#keys. Lo ok for entries that have a third column

that contains four numbers of the form:

of SCSI devices you may see:

scsi0 Available 00-08 SCSI I/O Controller

cd0 Available 00-08-00-50 CD-ROM Drive

rmt1 Available 00-08-00-60 2.3 GB 8mm Tape Drive

hdisk0 Available 00-08-00-00 857 MB SCSI Disk Drive

rmt0 Available 00-08-00-40 150 MB 1/4-Inch Tape Drive

If you havemultiple SCSI I/O controllers on your machine you may see additional

entries for scsi1, scsi2, etc. In this case the \08" ab ovemay b e replaced by another

number.

The second last digit of the device number gives the SCSI ID of the device. For

example, in the list ab ove, SCSI ID's 0,4,5, and 6 are in use. Also, the IBM always

uses SCSI ID 7 for the controller. Thus ID's 1,2, and 3 would be free to be used by

DAT-Links

and 9 are reserved for factory testing.

. Note that although the

DAT-Link

,you need to check which SCSI ID's are already in

root

and run the IBM system

List All Dened Devices

00-08-00-##

DAT-Link

's ID switch go es up to 9, settings 8

. Here are some examples

is highlighted, and

Once you have determined which SCSI ID's are free, you can exit

the

F10

key.

Connecting the

The next step is to connect the

unterminate the SCSI bus temp orarily, it is recommended that you shut-down and

turn o the computer before making the connection.

The

Options

and 2 up, and switches 3 and 4 down. This places the

emulation mode necessary to communicate with the RISC/6000's software drivers.

Then connect the

is the last device on the SCSI bus, be sure to connect the provided SCSI terminator

switches on the rear of the

DAT-Link

smit

DAT-Link

to the computer using the SCSI cable. If the

to the computer. Since it is necessary to

DAT-Link

should be set with switches 1

DAT-Link

into a special

by pressing

DAT-Link

Page 26

22 Installation

between the cable and the

powered on you can rebo ot the computer. If you have trouble reb ooting, verify that

the SCSI ID selected on the

Conguring the Device Drivers

The computer must now be informed that a new device has b een installed. This is

done by using

smit tape

and select, using the#key, the menu item:

and press return. A new menu will then app ear. Make sure the item

is highlighted and press return again. The next menu allows you to select which

SCSI controller the

choice. Select

smit

again after logging in as

Add a Tape Drive

8mm scsi 2.3 GB 8mm Tape Drive

scsi0 Available 00-08 SCSI I/O Controller

DAT-Link

's SCSI connector. Once it is hooked up and

was not one that was already in use.

root

. Enter the command:

is connected to. Usually, there will be only one

or the controller you are using if you havemultiple ones, and press return.

You should nowhave a new menu on the screen, titled

line

CONNECTION address

between two square brackets. At this p oint, type the single digit SCSI ID followed

by a zero. Do not press return or enter. For example, for a SCSI ID of 3, enter

. The next two lines also must b e changed, use the#key to movedown a line

to set the blo ck size. The default is 1024, but you must change it to 0. Use the

key to move to the end of the number and then press the backspace key until the

default value is erased. Then enter0. Do not press return or enter. Movedown

another line using the#key and change the

once. The screen should now app ear like this (though the CONNECTION address

may be dierent):

Tape Drive type 8mm

Tape Drive interface scsi

Description 2.3 GB 8mm Tape Drive

CONNECTION address [30] +

BLOCK size (0=variable length) [0] +#

Use DEVICE BUFFERS during writes no +

Use EXTENDED file marks no +

should be highlighted with the cursor p ositioned

yestono

Add a Tape Drive

by pressing the TAB key

. The

Page 27

2.4 Machine Specic Instructions 23

Once you haveveried that the information is correct, press the return key to enter

the conguration. If the conguration was successful, you should see a message

similar to the following:

COMMAND STATUS

Command: OK stdout: yes stderr: no

Before command completion, additional instructions may

appear below.

rmt1 available

The line

Your computer may indicate a dierent unit number for the device, suchas

You can now press the

from outside

to create the

device name that was displayed when the device was congured by

You can now proceed with the software installation in Section 2.6 below.

2.4.6 Solbourne

Manufacturer:

Models:

Operating System:

rmt1 available

rmt2

. Make a note of which device name and number is displayed (

rmt2

). You will need it later.

smit

. Type the command:

ln -s /dev/rmt1 /dev/datlink0

datlink0

S400DX

indicates that the

F10

key to exit from

system device. Note that

Solbourne

OS/MP 4.1A.3

DAT-Link

smit

has b een congured as

. One last thing needs to be done

rmt1

rmt0,rmt1

should be replaced by the

smit

rmt1

rmt0

Cables Required

To connect the workstation with the

high-density 50 pin D connector

on the other end. This may also b e called a

be available from your Solb ourne hardware supplier or can be ordered from your

DAT-Link

supplier.

DAT-Link

on one end and a

SCSI-1 to SCSI-2

you will require a cable with a

50 pin Centronics typeconnector

cable. It should

Page 28

24 Installation

Choosing a SCSI ID

If you are using the standard software as supplied by Solb ourne, then SCSI ID's 4

and 5 are reserved for tap e drives, or devices suchasthe

have a tap e drive connected to your machine, check its SCSI ID setting which should

be either 4 or 5. You can then use the other number for the

ID's are already b eing used, or if you wish to install multiple

then a custom

administrator. Arbitrary SCSI ID's can then be chosen in the range 0 to 6.

UNIX

kernel must be built for the machine | a job for a system

DAT-Link

. If you already

. If both

devices,

Connecting the

The next step is to connect the

unterminate the SCSI bus temp orarily, it is recommended that you shut-down and

turn o the computer before making the connection.

Make sure the

up and all the other switches down. Then connect the

using the SCSI cable. If the

to connect the provided SCSI terminator between the cable and the

SCSI connector.

Once it is hooked up and powered on you can rebo ot the computer. If you have

trouble rebooting, verify that the SCSI ID selected on the

that was in use. Finally,power on the

Conguring the Device Drivers

Next, you need to create a device in the

be a character device with the major and minor device numbers corresponding to

a standard 1/4 inch tap e drive at the SCSI address selected on the

for example, the

commands:

DAT-Link

Options

DAT-Link

switches on the rear of the

DAT-Link

is set for SCSI ID 5, the device can be created with the

to the computer. Since it is necessary to

DAT-Link

is the last device on the SCSI bus, b e sure

DAT-Link

/dev

directory called

are set with switch1

DAT-Link

to the computer

datlink0

DAT-Link

was not one

. It should

. If,

/etc/mknod /dev/datlink0 c 18 5

chmod 666 /dev/datlink0

For SCSI ID 4, the equivalent commands are:

/etc/mknod /dev/datlink0 c 18 4

chmod 666 /dev/datlink0

The

testing. The Solb ourne itself uses SCSI ID 7

DAT-Link

's SCSI ID switch goes up to 9, but the 8 and 9 settings are only for factory

Page 29

2.4 Machine Specic Instructions 25

Note that you will need to be logged in as

You can now proceed with the software installation in Section 2.6 below.

2.4.7 Sony NEWS Workstations

Manufacturer:

Models:

Operating System:

Cables Required

To connect the Sony with the

tronics type connectors

should b e available from your Sony hardware supplier or can be ordered from your

DAT-Link

Choosing a SCSI ID

If you are using the standard software as supplied by Sony, then SCSI ID's 4, 5, and

6 are reserved for tape drives, or devices suchasthe

a tap e drive connected to your machine, check its SCSI ID setting which should

be either 4, 5, or 6. You can then use the other number for the

ID's are already b eing used, or if you wish to install multiple

then a custom

administrator. Arbitrary SCSI ID's can then be chosen in the range 0 to 6.

NWS-1720, NWS-5000

supplier.

Sony

NEWS 4.2c

DAT-Link

on both ends. This may also be called a

UNIX

kernel must be built for the machine | a job for a system

root

to execute the above commands.

you will require a cable with

SCSI-1

DAT-Link

. If you already have

DAT-Link

50 pin Cen-

cable. It

. If all

devices,

Connecting the

The next step is to connect the

unterminate the SCSI bus temp orarily, it is recommended that you shut-down and

turn o the computer before making the connection.

Make sure the

down. Then connect the

DAT-Link

terminator b etween the cable and the

The

testing. The Sony itself uses SCSI ID 7

Options

is the last device on the SCSI bus, be sure to connect the provided SCSI

DAT-Link

switches on the rear of the

DAT-Link

's SCSI ID switch goes up to 9, but the 8 and 9 settings are only for factory

to the computer. Since it is necessary to

DAT-Link

to the computer using the SCSI cable. If the

DAT-Link

's SCSI connector.

are set with all switches

Page 30

26 Installation

Once it is hooked up and powered on you can rebo ot the computer. If you have

trouble rebooting, verify that the SCSI ID selected on the

that was in use.

Conguring the Device Drivers

DAT-Link

was not one

Next, you need to create a device in the

be a character device with the major and minor device numbers corresponding to

a standard 1/4 inch tap e drive at the SCSI address selected on the

for example, the

commands:

/etc/mknod /dev/datlink0 c 16 4

chmod 666 /dev/datlink0

For SCSI ID 6, the equivalent commands are:

/etc/mknod /dev/datlink0 c 16 5

chmod 666 /dev/datlink0

Note that you will need to be logged in as

You can now proceed with the software installation in Section 2.6 below.

2.4.8 Silicon Graphics

Manufacturer:

Models:

DAT-Link

Silicon Graphics

Indigo,Indy,O2

is set for SCSI ID 5, the device can be created with the

/dev

directory called

root

datlink0

to execute the above commands.

. It should

DAT-Link

. If,

Operating System:

NOTE

have rmware that is incompatible with the SGI op erating system. If you havea

DAT-Link

machine, contact your

Cables Required

To connect an Indigo to the

Centronics typeconnector

should be available from your Silicon Graphics hardware supplier or can be ordered

from your

: Some versions of the

with a serial number of T0450 or lower, and wish to connect it to an SGI

DAT-Link

IRIX 4.0.1, 4.0.5F, 5.1, 5.2, 6.2, 6.3

DAT-Link

on both ends. This may also be called a

supplier (CB-CENT).

supplier for an upgrade.

DAT-Link

, with serial numbers up to T0450, may

you will require a cable with a

SCSI-1

50 pin

cable. It

Page 31

2.4 Machine Specic Instructions 27

For the Indy computers you will required a cable with a

connector

This may also be called a

your SGI hardware supplier or can be ordered from your

MICROD).

For the O2 workstations, you will need a cable with a

one end and a

called a

supplier. Note: If you want to mix both wide (68-pin) and narrow (50-pin) SCSI

devices to the O2's bus, you have connect the 68-pin devices rst on the bus, and

then daisychain the 50-pin devices, like the

Choosing a SCSI ID

You must select a SCSI ID for the

drive, tap e drive, CD ROM or other device on the same SCSI bus. Be aware that

some models have 2 SCSI controllers. For example, the O2's external SCSI bus is

bus 1, bus 0 being the internal one.

SCSI ID's can be chosen in the range 1 to 6. Once an ID is chosen, set the SCSI

ID switch on the rear of the

read when the

the

on one end and a

50 pin Centronics typeconnector

SCSI-3 to SCSI-1

DAT-Link

50 pin Centronics type connector

SCSI-1 to SCSI-2

cable. It should be available from your SGI hardware

DAT-Link

is p owered up, so if you change it, b e sure to p ower-cycle

accordingly.7Note that this switch is only

cable. It should be available from

on the other end. This may also be

DAT-Link

that is not already in use by a disk

high-density 50 pin D

on the other end.

DAT-Link

wide 68-pin D connector

supplier (CB-

The SCSI ID's of all devices connected, including the

by using the

Monitor when the system is shut down. See the users manuals supplied with your

workstation for details on using

Connecting the

The next step is to connect the

unterminate the SCSI bus temp orarily, it is recommended that you shut-down and

turn o the computer before making the connection.

The

Options

down. Then connect the

DAT-Link

terminator b etween the cable and the

Once it is hooked up and powered on you can rebo ot the computer. If you have

trouble rebooting, verify that the SCSI ID selected on the

The

testing. The computer itself uses SCSI ID 0. Although SCSI ID 7 should work, IRIX do es not

appear to recognize it.

hinv

command either while the system is running or from the System

hinv

DAT-Link

switches on the rear of the

DAT-Link

is the last device on the SCSI bus, be sure to connect the provided SCSI

DAT-Link

's SCSI ID switch goes up to 9, but the 8 and 9 settings are only for factory

to the computer. Since it is necessary to

DAT-Link

to the computer using the SCSI cable. If the

DAT-Link

should be set with all switches

's SCSI connector.

, can be checked

DAT-Link

was not one

Page 32

28 Installation

that was in use. The

Tape drive: unit 5 on SCSI controller 0: unknown

if the

DAT-Link

nected at SCSI ID 5.

Conguring the Device Drivers

At this p ointyou need to create the IRIX raw tape devices in the

To do this, the sup eruser needs to change directory to

./MAKEDEV tps

Next, the superuser should create a device in the

It should be a link to the standard SGI tap e drive device with the appropriate SCSI

ID. Also, note that IRIX provides twotypes of tape devices, one whichswaps bytes

of each sixteen-bit word and one which does not. The non-swapping device must

be used to access the

If, for example, the

be created with the commands:

ln -s /dev/rmt/tps0d5ns /dev/datlink0

hinv

listing should now include a line such as:

is prop erly connected. In this example, the

/dev

directory called

DAT-Link

is set for SCSI ID 5, on controller 08, the device can

DAT-Link

/dev

and run the command:

was con-

directory.

datlink0

In the string,

thensindicates that the non-swapped device should be used. Note that you will

need to be logged in as

with the software installation in Section 2.6 b elow.

On IRIX, there is a program,

connected SCSI device to see if a removable media has been changed. If

polls the

may occur. The solution is to disable

On IRIX 5.x and 6.2, this can be accomplished by adding the following line to the

le,

/etc/fsd.auto

On IRIX 6.3, add the following line to

le if necessary:

The Indigo-2 and the O2 havetwo SCSI controllers.

tps0d5ns

DAT-Link

/dev/rmt/tps0d5nr /tape mediad rw,mon=off 0 0

ignore device /dev/rmt/tps0d5

, the 0 signies controller 0, the 5 signies SCSI ID 5, and

root

to execute the above commands. You can now pro ceed

mediad

in this way, throughput will be greatly reduced and SCSI errors

,typically running which periodically polls each

mediad

accesses to the

/etc/cong/mediad.cong

DAT-Link

, creating the

mediad

device.

Page 33

2.4 Machine Specic Instructions 29

The above assumes that the

another ID was used, replaced the '5' in 'tps0d5nr' above with the appropriate

number. If a dierent bus is used, replace the '0' above by the appropriate bus

number.

2.4.9 IBM PC and Compatibles

Operating System:

SCSI Adapter:

Cables Required

The cable required will depend on the type of SCSI adapter installed on your com-

puter. For use with the Adaptec AHA-1540B, you will require a cable with a

Centronics typeconnector

It should be available from your hardware supplier or can be ordered from your

DAT-Link

Installing an ASPI Driver

To use these tools, you must have a SCSI adapter installed which supports Adaptec's

Advanced SCSI Programming Interface(ASPI

an Adaptec AHA-1540B SCSI Adapter. With this particular adapter, a device

driver must be loaded to provide the

following line to the

installed inC:n

supplier.

Adaptec AHA-1540B

CONFIG.SYS

ADAPTEC

DAT-Link

DOS

, 6.0

5.0

on both ends. This may also be called a

resides at SCSI ID 5, on SCSI bus 0. If

). The software has b een tested using

ASPI

interface. This is done by adding the

le, assuming that Adaptec's software was

SCSI-1

50 pin

cable.

DEVICE=C:\ADAPTEC\ASPI4DOS.SYS /D

After adding the above command you will need to reboot your computer for the

driver to be loaded.

Choosing a SCSI ID

Before connecting the

use on your system. With the

a list of connected devices will be printed on the console during b oot time. Note

which SCSI ID's are in use and then choose an unused for the

between 0 and 6 which do not show a connected device can be used for the

Link

. Note that although the

are reserved for factory testing. ID 7 is usually reserved by the host computer. For

DAT-Link

ASPI4DOS

DAT-Link

,you need to check which SCSI ID's are already in

device driver loaded as described above,

DAT-Link

's ID switch goes up to 9, settings 8 and 9

. Any ID's

DAT-

Page 34

30 Installation

the following instructions, we will assume that the device ID chosen was 4. If you

choose a dierent ID, make sure you replace \4" with the chosen ID before typing

any commands that follow.

Connecting the

The next step is to connect the

unterminate the SCSI bus temp orarily, it is recommended that you shut-down and

turn o the computer before making the connection.

The

Options

down and the

DAT-Link

device on the SCSI bus, be sure to connect the provided SCSI terminator between

the cable and the

with rebo oting the computer. Once it is hooked up and powered on you can reboot

the computer. If you have trouble rebooting, verify that the SCSI ID selected on

the

DAT-Link

As the computer starts, if you are using

to:

This above line shows that the system found the

have congured the

value in the ab ove message.

You can now proceed with the software installation in Section 2.6.4 below.

to the computer using the SCSI cable. If the

Target 4 TCT DAT-Link 1638

DAT-Link

switches on the rear of the

SCSI ID

was not one that was already in use.

switchmust b e set as described ab ove. Then connect the

DAT-Link

's SCSI connector. Failure to do so can cause problems

with a ID other than 4, you should see the selected

to the computer. Since it is necessary to

DAT-Link

ASPI4DOS

should be set with all switches

DAT-Link

,you should see a line similar

DAT-Link

at SCSI ID 4. If you

is the last

Dierences in DOS Implementation

The NetAudio programs described elsewhere is this manual are available under

DOS

as individual executables. The usage of these tools diers slightly from that

described elsewhere in this manual. In particular:



There is no NetAudio server (netaudiod or naserver) under

programs communicate directly with the

that the

This means that programs such as

lasting eect and are thus ineective.



The argument to the -u option for each of the NetAudio clients should be the

SCSI address of the

form should be 'host:unit'.

DAT-Link

DOS

. All client

DAT-Link

will always be in it's default state when a tool is executed.

DAT-Link

naset

, even though the online help states that the

and

. Note that this means

naloaddsp

will not have a

Page 35

2.4 Machine Specic Instructions 31

Table 2.1: Names Changed for use under DOS

UNIX Name

Bug-Report BugRept

Changelog Change.log

Conguration cong

DATLink.Defaults datlink.def

dat errno.h dat errn.h

dat remote.h dat rmt.h

dat types.h dat type.h

deinterleave. deintrlv.

libdatlink ldatlink

libnadirect lndirect

libsconv lsconv

libsegment lsegment

libsupport lsupp ort

mendparams mendparm

mendpoint mendpt

nagetlter nagetl

naloaddsp nalddsp

naversion navers

pass int pass

resampler.h resmplr.h

spw signal.h spw sgnl.h

DOS

Name



Certain client NetAudio programs are not available. The missing tools are

xnaplay,dltestall,narecseg

and

naloaddsp



There is no Comdisco SPW or Entropic ESPS support under



User programs that access the

of 'libnetaudio.a' as described in the manual.



dlmrec



Certain le and program names have been changed to comply with

naming conventions. The changes are shown in Table 2.1.

and

will not p erform as expected.

dlmplay

may run out of memory under some conditions.

, and

nakillserver

DAT-Link

. As noted above,

DOS

, should link in 'lndirect.lib' instead

DOS

naset

. le

Page 36

32 Installation

2.4.10 NeXT

Manufacturer:

Operating System:

Cables Required

To connect the NeXT with the

density 50 pin D connector

the other end. This may also be called a

available from your NeXT hardware supplier or can b e ordered from your

supplier.

Choosing a SCSI ID

SCSI ID 4 is typically free on NeXT machines for use with tape drives, or devices

suchasthe

use, check with a system administrator to select another ID. The SCSI ID for the

DAT-Link

Connecting the

DAT-Link

can b e chosen in the range 0 to 6.

Mach 2.0

DAT-Link

on one end and a

. This corresp onds to the device 'st0'. If this ID is already in

DAT-Link

you will require a cable with a

50 pin Centronics typeconnector

SCSI-1 to SCSI-2

cable. It should be

DAT-Link

high-

The next step is to connect the

unterminate the SCSI bus temp orarily, it is recommended that you shut-down and

turn o the computer before making the connection.

Make sure the

down. Then connect the

DAT-Link

terminator b etween the cable and the

Once it is hooked up and powered on you can rebo ot the computer. If you have

trouble rebooting, verify that the SCSI ID selected on the

that was in use. When the machine is starting up, you should see:

in the startup messages, assuming you are using SCSI ID 4.

The

testing. The NeXT itself uses SCSI ID 7

Options

is the last device on the SCSI bus, be sure to connect the provided SCSI

TCT DATLINK as st0 at sc0 target 4 lun 0

DAT-Link

switches on the rear of the

's SCSI ID switch goes up to 9, but the 8 and 9 settings are only for factory

DAT-Link

to the computer. Since it is necessary to

DAT-Link

to the computer using the SCSI cable. If the

DAT-Link

's SCSI connector.

are set with all switches

DAT-Link

was not one

Page 37

2.4 Machine Specic Instructions 33

Conguring the Device Drivers

Next, you need to create a device in the

used SCSI ID 4 for the

device to

Note that you will need to be logged in as

You can now proceed with the software installation in Section 2.6 below.

2.4.11 Other

The

If you have a computer not listed here, please contact your

information on support and installation instructions.

datlink0

ln -s /dev/nrst0 /dev/datlink0

chmod 666 /dev/datlink0

DAT-Link

will work with most

UNIX

DAT-Link

-Based Computers

, you just need to link the standard tap e drive

/dev

directory called

root

to execute the above commands.

UNIX

-based computers that have a SCSI bus.

datlink0

DAT-Link

. If you

supplier for

Page 38

34 Installation

2.5 Connecting to a Digital Audio Device

Now that the

other half of the connection|between the

This will usually be a Digital Audio Tape (DAT) recorder, but you can also connect

the

DAT-Link

Cassette (DCC), a standalone digital-to-analog or analog-to-digital converter, or a

special eects processor. The only requirement is that the device has a digital input

and/or digital output.

The

DAT-Link

SPDIF:

chines. The connectors are standard phono connectors. This type of connector

may also be lab el \IEC Type II" or simply \Digital I/O". Standard analog

phono cables can usually be used for the digital data, however some cables

that are designed for analog may not be able to carry the high rates needed for

the digital data, especially over long distances. Many high-end audio stores

carry special digital phono cables that solve this problem.

AES/EBU:

It uses three-pin XLR connectors. Cables designed for analog applications

work ne for AES/EBU connections as well. However, note that shielded

cables (most cables are shielded) must be used, otherwise unacceptable levels

of radio or TV interference may be generated by the

cabling is the preferred choice for long distance runs between the

and the digital audio equipment.

DAT-Link

to a Compact Disk (CD) player, a MiniDisk (MD), a Digital Compact

supports three dierenttypes of connections to digital audio devices:

This is the interconnect that is most often used on consumer DAT ma-

This type of cabling is most often found on professional equipment.

is connected to your computer, you need to make the

DAT-Link

and a digital audio device.

DAT-Link

. This type of

DAT-Link

Fiber-optic:

to the

moving to this type of connection. Note that the type of ber-optic cables

used by digital audio equipment limits the distance of this type of connection

to ab out 3 meters (10 feet).

If the appropriate cables were not included with your digital audio equipment, they

can b e obtained at any audio store which carries digital equipment.

Using the connection type available on your equipment, connect the devices using

two cables, one for each direction | playback and record. If you're using a CD

player or other device which is not able to make recordings, you will only need one

cable | from the CD player's digital output to the

Multiple devices can b e connected to a single

connections. When audio output is generated, the data app ears on all three output

connectors. For audio input, the programs provided allow the user to select which

connector is used for the input source. You can, for example, connect a DAT

machine via the

Many CD players use a ber-optic output which can be connected

DAT-Link

using this connection. Also, DAT machines are increasingly

IEC TypeII

DAT-Link

connectors and a CD player via the

's digital input.

as long as they use dierent

ber-optic

input.

Page 39

2.6 Software Installation 35

The

DAT-Link

computer.

It is imp ortant to realize that there are subtle dierences in the control information

that is sent along with the audio data on these dierent connectors. The two

main formats of this information can be broadly categorized into

Professional

which format to use. For most applications, if you are using the SPDIF or ber-

optic connections, the

the

professional

at all unless the correct format is used.

2.6 Software Installation

software will then allow you to select the input source from the

Consumer

. The various programs used with the

consumer

format should b e selected. Some DAT machines will not op erate

format should b e used. For AES/EBU connections,

DAT-Link

allow you to select

and

The

DAT-Link

DOS diskettes, a data DAT tap e (DDS), or audio DAT tape which can be read

using the

types of workstations; each with its own unique type of tap e drive, DAT tape is

the preferred distribution media. If you received the software on cartridge tape or

DDS data DAT, refer to Section 2.6.3 for instructions on loading the tape. For DOS

installations, you will need to follow the instructions in Section 2.6.4.

2.6.1 Installation from DAT Tap e

The

DAT-Link

using the

4mm data tap e drive|an audio DAT machine and the

Before b eginning the installation, you should choose a directory in which to install

the source software. You will require approximately 8 Mbytes of free space for the

installation. The following instructions assume that the sources will b e placed in

/usr/local/src/datlink

user that runs the installation must have write permission in this directory and

also in the directories that will b e ultimately used to hold the executable programs,

manual pages, etc. Since these will usually be system directories, you may need to

become super-user to install the software.

software is distributed on four types of media:

DAT-Link

itself. Since the

software is normally distributed on aDATtape that can be read

. Note that the supplied tape can

, but any directory may be substituted. Note that the

DAT-Link

can be used on many dierent

not

DAT-Link

cartridge tape,

be read using a DATor

must b e used.

Installation Steps (

1. Change directory to the lo cation where you want the

stalled. See section 2.6.1 above for assistance in choosing an appropriate

directory.

DAT-Link

+):

DAT-Link

sources in-

Page 40

36 Installation

2. Connect the

sections.

3. If the

4. Connect the

5. Insert the distribution tap e in the DAT machine and make sure it is rewound

to the b eginning.

6. Type:

7. Press

command.

Within about 25 seconds of pressing play, theddcommand should exit with the

message:

50+0 records in

50+0 records out

If you do not see the ab ove message, or see an error message during the loading

process, stop the tape and repeat the above steps. If the error persists refer to

Section A.3 in the Appendices to troubleshoot the problem.

DAT-Link

dd if=/dev/datlink0 bs=64512 of=/tmp/dldist count=50

play

on the DAT machine within a few seconds of executing the

+ and congure the computer as described in previous

+was already on, turn its power o and on again.

+ to an audio DAT player.

Once theddcommand has completed, you can stop the tape and begin the instal-

lation pro cedure by executing the command:

/bin/sh /tmp/dldist

You should then see the message:

DAT-Link Source Installation

----------------------------

which will be followed after a few seconds by:

Finished extracting sources.

Setting up sources...

The source les will be extracted into you current directory and you will then be

prompted for various conguration options as described in the section 2.6.2 b elow.

Page 41

2.6 Software Installation 37

Installation Steps (DAT-Link):

dierent set of steps to extract the distribution software from DAT tape:

1. Change directory to the lo cation where you want the

stalled. See section 2.6.1 above for assistance in choosing an appropriate

directory.

2. Connect the

sections.

3. If the

4. Connect the

5. Insert the distribution tap e in the DAT machine and make sure it is rewound

to the b eginning.

6. Type:

7. Press

Soon after pressing play,you should see the message:

play

DAT-Link Source Installation

----------------------------

DAT-Link

dd if=/dev/datlink0 bs=64512 | sh

was already on, turn its power o and on again.

DAT-Link

on the DAT machine.

and congure the computer as described in previous

to an audio DAT player.

Older models of the

DAT-Link

require a slightly

sources in-

If you instead see a message similar to:

30+1 records in

30+1 records out

dd: read: I/O error

then stop the tape, rewind it, and repeat instructions 4{5 above.

After approximately 30 seconds, you should see the messages:

Finished extracting sources.

Setting up sources...

The source les will b e extracted and you will then be prompted for various cong-

uration options as described in the following sections.

If you do not see the ab ove message, or see an error message during the loading

process, refer to Section A.3 in the App endices to troublesho ot the problem.

Page 42

38 Installation

2.6.2 Conguring the Installation

Before the software can be installed, you will have to answer a few questions regard-

ing the conguration of your system. The prompts whichmay b e displayed will b e

described in this section. Note that on some systems, not all information will be

requested. For all requests, a default resp onse will be displayed, enclosed in square

brackets. To accept the defaults just press return.

Enter the directory to install the DAT-Link programs [/usr/local]:

At this prompt, enter the directory where you want the

ultimately installed. Subdirectories of the given directory will be created as

needed and used a follows:

bin

Executable les.

man

Manual pages for programs,libraries, and utilities.

lib

Libraries for user programs.

DAT-Link

programs

include

etc

For example, if

/usr/local/bin

use the

should be chosen. This directory will also be referred to as

this manual.

Enter the name of the C compiler to use to build the software [cc]:

The default,cc, is usually the correct choice here. However, if you have a

preferred compiler, suchas

Enter the options to use with the C compiler [-O]:

These are the ags to use during compilation. For all but sp ecial cases, the

default should b e ne.

Do you wish to install the COMDISCO support[y]:

Press return if you want to install software that allows the

used in conjunction with COMDISCO's SPW system. This option will only

appear if you already have COMDISCO's software installed.

Do you wish to install the ENTROPIC support[n]:

Enter 'y' if you want to install software that allows the

used in conjunction with Entropic Research Lab oratory's ESPS and

software. You will then be prompted for more information regarding the

Entropic installation. If you don't already have Entropic's ESPS installed,

just hit return to omit the Entropic support.

Programmer's library include les.

Auxiliary les used by the

/usr/local

. Users must include the

DAT-Link

programs, so a well-known directory, suchas

DAT-Link

is chosen, the executables les will be installed in

gcc

(GNU C compiler), you can enter that now.

bin

subdirectory in their path to

INSTALLROOT

DAT-Link

/usr/local

to be

waves+

Page 43

2.6 Software Installation 39

Following these questions, the software will be compiled and installed. If the instal-

lation pro cess is interrupted for any reason, the conguration options will be saved

in a le called Conguration. This le can b e manually edited and installation can

be resumed bytyping:

Install

You will then given the choice of answering the conguration questions again or

using the existing conguration.

Once the installation has complete, the

To use the programs,

already present. If you wish to clean up the ob ject les from the sources directory,

you can run:

MAKE clean

from the sources directory.

2.6.3 Installation from Cartridge or DDS DAT Tap e

This section describes how to install the

tape or a data DAT tap e (DDS). To extract and build the software requires approx-

imately 8 Mbytes of free space. The software can b e installed in the directory of

your choice. The following instructions assume that the sources will b e placed in

/usr/local/src/datlink

user that runs the installation must have write permission in this directory and

also in the directories that will b e ultimately used to hold the executable programs,

manual pages, etc. Since these will usually be system directories, you may need to

become super-user to install the software.

mkdir /usr/local/src/datlink

cd /usr/local/src/datlink

tar xv .

INSTALLROOT

, but any directory may be substituted. Note that the

DAT-Link

/bin

should be added to your path if is not

DAT-Link

should be ready for op eration.

source software from a cartridge

The last line abovemay need to also specify the name of the tape drive if the default

is not set correctly. For example, on some SUN machines you may need to type:

tar xvf /dev/rst8 .

Once the software has been extracted, you can run the installation script bytyping:

Install

You will then be prompted for various conguration options as described in Section

2.6.2.

Page 44

40 Installation

2.6.4 DOS Software Installation

This section describes how to install the

for use on a

Mbytes of free space. The software can b e installed in the directory of your choice.

The following instructions assume that the sources will be placed inC:n

and the software will b e loaded from disk-driveB:, but any directory or disk-drive

may be substituted.

MKDIR C:\DATLINK

CD C:\DATLINK

< Insert disk 1 into drive B:>

B:INSTALL

< Follow prompts for installation>

You should then modify your

to your

DOS

personal computer. To extract software requires approximately 4

AUTOEXEC.BAT

PATH

so that the executables can be located.

DAT-Link

source software from diskettes

DATLINK

le to addC:n

DATLINKnBIN

Page 45

2.7 Testing the DAT-Link 41

2.7 Testing the DAT-Link

There are three test programs included with the

the connection to the computer, another for testing the remote control functions,

and a third for testing the digital audio inputs and outputs.

2.7.1 Testing the Connection to the Computer

To test the connection between the computer and the

gram can be used. This program communicates directly with the

perform functional tests. This test can not be run while the NetAudio server is

running, as will be described in Chapter 3.

Assuming the software has b een installed according to the instructions in Section

2.4, and that the directory in which the programs were installed has been added to

your path, you can type:

dltest

to test the

like this:

DAT-Link

1044 seconds since power-up.

Max read size = 0 bytes, max write = 512 bytes

Testing panel LED's

All LED's should now be on (except perhaps Lock).

Finished LED test.

Buffer test: testing 883152 bytes

Buffer test passed

Speed test: testing with 13 I/O of 64512 bytes each

Elapsed time for writes: 0.5 seconds = 1743 kbytes/sec

Elapsed time for reads: 0.5 seconds = 1735 kbytes/sec

Testing with 100 read/writes

Null I/O: 0.94 seconds

Elapsed time for rd/wr (64512 bytes/blk):6.5 seconds=1941 kbytes/s

Null I/O: 0.03 seconds

Elapsed time for rd/wr (512 bytes/blk):2.6 seconds=38 kbytes/s

Peak transfer speed: 3240 kbytes/sec

Overhead time: 13 ms/transfer

Testing partition 0: 0x000000-0x00ffff

Testing partition 1: 0xfff800-0xffffff

DSP read/write test passed

connection. If all is well the output should lo ok something

DAT-Link

software, one for testing

, the

dltest

DAT-Link

pro-

If you instead get an error message, consult Appendix A.1 for help in troubleshooting

the problem.

Page 46

42 Installation

As can be seen above, this test also provides some extra information about the

DAT-Link

the

bytes p er sample, the indicated memory would allow up to 5 seconds of buering.

See Sections 5 and 6 for information on how this buering is used.

The

the computer and the

200 kbytes/second, so as long as the transfer sp eed is signicantly greater than 400

kbytes/second10, there should b e no problem with the SCSI bus keeping up with

the data transfers.

. The second line ab ove, shows the amount of free memory available in

DAT-Link

Peak transfer speed

for buering audio data. At 48,000 samples per second, stereo, 2

indicates the speed at which data is transferred b etween

DAT-Link

. The maximum audio data rate is approximately

The last three lines showatest of the

indicates the amount of fast static RAM available to the DSP along with the memory

addresses. In the example, the standard conguration of the

with 64 kbytes of memory b eginning at address 0, and an additional 2 kbytes at

the top of the memory space. The original

address

2.7.2 Testing the Infrared Remote Control

The

control any equipment that has a remote control of its own. The remote sensor

on the front of the

the separate remote transmitter box can be positioned near the equipment to be

controlled allowing full computer control of the device.

The test program for the infrared remote system works by generating remote con-

trol sequences from the remote transmitter and monitoring them using the remote

sensor. The host computer can then verify that both the transmitter and sensor

are working properly.

To test the remote control subsystem:

0x000000to0x001fff

DAT-Link

1. Connect the remote control transmitter boxby plugging it in to the

connector on the rear of the

includes a trainable, infrared remote control that can be used to

DAT-Link

, totalling 8 kbytes.

is used to train the remote control. Once trained,

DAT-Link

's DSP32C processor. This also

DAT-Link

should show memory from

+isshown,

remote

2. Aim the transmitter so the clear LED (light-emitting diode) on the end of

the transmitter b oxispointed toward the remote sensor on the front of the

DAT-Link

inches ) from the

3. Run the program:

Two transfers are required; from the

the hard disk

. The transmitter should be p ositioned approximately 20 cm ( 8

rctrain -l

DAT-Link

to the computer and from the computer to

Page 47

2.7 Testing the DAT-Link 43

4. During the test, the red light on the top of the transmitter should ash.

After a few seconds the output of the computer should look something like this:

Aim DAT-Link remote transmitter at DAT-Link sensor.***..*

Loopback Passed

If this test fails, make sure that the remote transmitter is prop erly connected and

aimed at the

2.7.3 Testing the Digital Audio Connections

DAT-Link

. If the failure p ersists contact your

DAT-Link

supplier.

The three pairs of digital audio input/outputs can be tested using the

program. This program generates a test signal on the outputs and then veries

that the incoming signal matches the test signal. This program uses the NetAudio

server allowing it to b e used from any host on a lo cal area network. Unlike

and

rctrain

For example, to test the SPDIF digital connections, follow these steps:

1. Connect a cable b etween the SPDIF inputs and outputs. The cable required

has phono-type connectors on b oth ends.

2. If it is not already running, start the NetAudio server with the command:

3. Run the test program:

This will run the loopback test at each of the three possible sampling rates: 32,000,

44,100, and 48,000 samples/second for 10 seconds each. During the test, the

light on the frontofthe

a valid input. If everything is connected correctly, the following output will be

displayed:

, the NetAudio server must be running before using this program.

netaudiod &

naloop -i SPDIF

DAT-Link

Loopback test using RCA input

Looptest (LR) at 44100 samples/sec for 10 seconds

Passed

Looptest (LR) at 32000 samples/sec for 10 seconds

Passed

Looptest (LR) at 48000 samples/sec for 10 seconds

Passed

Total of 0 error condition(s)

should come on indicating that it is receiving

naloop

dltest

Lock

Page 48

44 Installation

If any error conditions are indicated, check that the loopback cable is properly

connected, and make sure that the cable is not damaged. If errors persist contact

your

DAT-Link

The AES/EBU digital input/output can be similarly tested using:

naloop -i AES

while the b er-optic connection can be tested using:

naloop -i fiber

The

naloop

page for

naloop

supplier.

program has additional options for testing the device. See the manual

in Appendix G for details.

Page 49

Chapter 3

NetAudio Server

The NetAudio software consists of two main components, a server which manages

communication with the

operations as recording, playback, and remote control. This architecture is modelled

after the X Window System's server/client approach to providing graphical display

services.

The server for NetAudio provides the following functions:



Managementoflow-level communication with the DAT-Link.



Communication with clients on b oth the lo cal host and other hosts connected

via a local area network.



Multiple, simultaneous access to the status and control functions of the

Link

. For example, while one client is playing back an audio le, another can

be monitoring the levels and parameters, while another can modify settings

such as the overall gain.

DAT-Link

, and client programs which are used for such

DAT-



Exclusive access control to guarantee that data transfer to or from one client

won't be interrupted by another client or user on the system.



Logging of error messages to system logs using



Automatic restarting of the underlying daemon (

The following sections describ e how to start and use the server. However, once the

server is started, its presence will be invisible to the users. They will interact with

the

DAT-Link

using the client programs describ ed in the subsequent sections.

syslogd

netaudiod

) after a failure.

Page 50

46 NetAudio Server

3.1 Starting the Server

The server should be started on the computer to which the

before any of the client programs are used. Note that although the clients can be

run from anywhere on the network, the server must be run on the machine with

the

DAT-Link

command:

If all goes well, there will be no output from this program and it will exit immediately

after initializing. However a subprocess will have been created which will manage

communications with the DAT-Link. If there are any errors during the op eration of

naserver

Usually this will result in the messages b eing written to

/var/log/syslog

For testing, the NetAudio daemon can also be started for a single invocation with

error messages displayed on the terminal by using the command:

Once

naserver

described in Section 10.1, is a client which just displays the version numbers of the

server and the

is functional:

. In the typical environment, the server can be started with the

naserver

, they will b e logged using the system error logging facilities (

netaudiod

is running, client programs can be run. The program,

DAT-Link

naversion

hardware. It also provides a simple test that the server

DAT-Link

/usr/adm/messages

is connected

syslogd

naversion

More detailed information about the server's status can be obtained using the

nastatus

For non-standard congurations,

DAT-Link

the device created during installation will be

for a dierent unit, the-uoption can be given to

DAT-Links

and unit number. Chapter 9 describes use of multiple

Additional options to

included in App endix G.

For most installations, you will want the NetAudio always running on machines

with the

system administrator add a few lines to the system startup le, usually

/etc/rc.local

/usr/local

SUN workstation:

program describ ed in Section 10.2.

naserver

is connected to the host, it will normally be congured as unit 0, and

to b e used on the same machine, each with a separate NetAudio server

naserver

DAT-Link

, adding the following few lines to

connected. This is most easily accomplished by having the

to start

naserver

are described in the manual page for the program

. Assuming the

provides a few options. If only a single

/dev/datlink0

naserver

DAT-Links

DAT-Link

/etc/rc.local

. To start a server

. This allows multiple

in greater detail.

/etc/rc

programs were installed

would suce on a

Page 51

3.2 Setting up to Run Client Programs 47

# Start NetAudio server

if [ -f /usr/local/bin/naserver ]; then

/usr/local/bin/naserver & echo " NetAudio"

On a machine running Solaris or other System V versions of UNIX, you can create

a le called, for example,

example assuming that

#!/bin/sh

if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/naserver ] ; then

exit

case "$1" in

'start')

echo "Starting naserver"

/usr/local/bin/naserver

;;

'stop')

echo "Stopping naserver"

pid=3D`/usr/bin/ps -e |

/usr/bin/grep naserver |

/usr/bin/sed -e 's/^ *//' -e 's/ .*//'`

kill $pid

;;

echo "Usage: S98datlink { start | stop }"

;;

esac

S98datlink

naserver

, in the directory

was installed in

/etc/rc2.d

/usr/local/bin:

. Here is an

Other workstations and operating systems may require slightly dierent commands.

3.2 Setting up to Run Client Programs

Once the NetAudio server is running, clients can b e immediately run on the same

host. However, when running client programs on other hosts, the user must rst

tell the client where to nd the server. One way to do this is to set the environment

variable,

on which the NetAudio server is running, and

AUDIO DEVICE

, to the string

host:unit

unit

where

is the

host

is the name of the host

DAT-Link

unit number of

Page 52

48 NetAudio Server

interest, usually 0. For example, if you are using

setenv AUDIO_DEVICE foo:0

would instruct all client programs to use the unit 0 NetAudio server on the host

named

certain to connect to the same NetAudio server each time you log in.

Another way to specify which server to connect to is to use the-uoption available

in each NetAudio client program. Setting this option overrides any value set for

AUDIO DEVICE

snoopy

The

3.3 Programs that Bypass the Server

Although most of the commonly used

NetAudio server, there are a few that require a direct connection to the

These programs are the test program,

control training program,

must be run on the host with the

gram can directly communicate with the

temporarily suspend the NetAudio server while they are running. Any transfers in

progress will be aborted. When the program completes, the server will be resumed

with all internal settings, such as gain and sampling rate, reset to their defaults.

foo

. By adding the above

. For example, to check the

at unit 1, one could use the command:

naversion -u snoopy:1

naversion

client program is describ ed in Appendix 10.1.

setenv

rctrain

DAT-Link

(See Section 2.7.2 and 8.1). These programs

DAT-Link

command to your

dltest

DAT-Link

csh

, then the command:

.cshrc

DAT-Link

programs operate as clients to the

(See Section 2.7.1), and the remote

connected. Also, since only one pro-

version connected to host

at a time, these programs will

le, you can be

DAT-Link

3.4 Terminating the Server

If it becomes necessary to terminate the server, the

used. This program will rst request that the user conrms that the server should

be killed. Once killed,

other NetAudio programs can b e used. Note that

any access verication; any user on the local area network can terminate the server

with this command.

The equivalent forshor

naserver

ksh

users is \

nakillserver

must be restarted as describ ed above before any

nakillserver

AUDIO DEVICE=foo:0; export AUDIO DEVICE;

command can be

does not provide

Page 53

Chapter 4

Command Summary

The following table summarizes the available NetAudio commands. It also indicates

whether or not the NetAudio server should be running and provides a cross reference

to the Section(s) in this manual where the command is describ ed in detail.

Command Function Server Reference

naplay

narecord

narecseg

nastatus

naset

xnaplay

nagetfilter

naloop

naversion

naloaddsp

rctrain

sv3900

dlmplay

dlmrec

dltest

naserver

netaudiod

Playback and transfer to tape Yes 5

Recording onto disk Yes 6

Record and segment speech Yes 6.15

Status monitoring Yes 10.2

Parameter setting (gain, pause, etc.) Yes 10.3

Playbackofmultiple les Yes 10.6

Acquisition of lter responses Yes 10.5

Loopback testing of DAT-Link Yes 2.7.3

Display hardware & software versions Yes 10.1

Load user DSP programs Yes 10.4

Remote control Yes 8

Remote control training and testing No 8.1,2.7.2

Remote control of SV-3900 Yes 8.3

Multi-channel playback No 9.3

Multi-channel recording No 9.2

Testing of DAT-Link No 2.7.1

NetAudio Server 3

NetAudio Daemon 3.1

Page 54

50 Command Summary

For recording and playback using a DAT machine, the following table summarizes

the required settings for various functions. Note that if the AES/EBU output is

used, then the

Listening Blank Digital Record-Pause

Live Recording Blank Analog Record-Pause

Transfer to Tape Blank Digital Record

Transfer from Tape Source Don't care Play

naplay

Function Tape Input Source State Program

program must be executed with the-Aoption.

DAT NetAudio

naplay

narecord

naplay

narecord

Page 55

Chapter 5

Playback Tutorial

One of the main functions of the

more disk les for listening or for transfer to a digital audio tape. In either case the

commands used are the same; the only dierence is the settings of the digital audio

equipment connected to the

Digital Audio Tape (DAT) machine will be described. However, any digital audio

device which accepts digital inputs can be used instead.

5.1 Setting up the DAT Machine

5.1.1 Recording onto a DAT



Connect the



Make sure the NetAudio server is running on the machine which has the

DAT-Link



Insert a blank tape into the DAT machine.



Select the digital inputs as the input source on the DAT machine. See the

user's manual for the DAT machine for instructions on how to do this.



Start the DAT recording.

DAT-Link

. See Section 3.1 for details.

DAT-Link

to the DAT machine as described in Section 2.5.

is to playback audio data from one or

. In the following sections, operation with a



Run the



While recording, the audio signal can b e monitored by using the DAT's head-

phone or analog outputs.

naplay

program on the computer as describ ed b elow.

Page 56

52 Playback Tutorial

5.1.2 Listening to a File Without Recording

To listen to a le (live playback) without recording, the same instructions can be

followed with one exception | instead of starting the tape recording, put the DAT

machine into

just the

The DAT's user manual should provide details on placing the machine in this mode.

record-standby

record

button or both the

mode. This is usually accomplished by pressing either

record

and

pause

buttons on the DAT machine.

While the DATisin

Link

will be converted to its analog form by the DAT machine allowing you to listen

to the output using the DAT's analog or headphone outputs.

5.2 Running the

The

naplay

Link

for either listening or recording. It has numerous options, but in its simplest

form you may simply type:

where

identies the type of the le using some heuristics and interprets any header present

to set up the

assumes the le contains stereo audio data sampled at 48,000 samples/second and

stored as 16 bit signed integers. The entire le will be played once.

If you are running

connected to the

variable before running

The following sections describ e the various options available to override the defaults.

A short summary of these options is available at any time by simply typing:

program allows you to transfer audio data from a disk le to the

naplay file

le

is the name of a le containing the audio data. In this form,

record-standby

DAT-Link

naplay

DAT-Link

mode, the digital audio provided by the

naplay

parameters. If the le type is not recognized,

on a machine on a lo cal area network other than the one

,you will need to set the

naplay

. See 3.2 for more details.

Program

AUDIO DEVICE

naplay

environment

DAT-

naplay -help

You can also refer to the online manual page (a copy of which in included in Ap-

pendix G).

5.3 Front Panel Indications

While the

LED on the front panel should b e on. A quickcheck of this light can help isolate

DAT-Link

is sending valid data to its digital audio outputs, the

Playback

Page 57

5.4 Stereo or Mono 53

whether problems in playback are due to the connections between the host computer

and the

DAT-Link

or in the connection to the digital audio equipment.

On the

top Left and Right

relative to full-scale. This is often indicative that clipping is taking place. The

lower

exceeds -30 dB. The intensity of this LED is proportional to the playback level.

externally. This may be due to synchronization with external equipment or due to

explicit control using the

5.4 Stereo or Mono

Unless the le b eing played contains a header with additional information, the

naplay

nels interspersed. The rst sample in the le is for the left channel, followed by

the rightchannel, etc. If a dierent playback mode is required, the-ooption can

be used. The option should be followed by one of the words

stereo

and forces playback to either a single channel (left or right) or to both channels

(stereo or mono). The

in the le on both output channels.

For example,

DAT-Link

Level

The

Pause

program assumes that the le data contains stereo data with the twochan-

. These can be abbreviated to a single letter. The-ooverrides any defaults

+, there are a number of additional front-panel indications. The

Level

LED's indicate when the playback level exceeds -1 dB

LED's provide activity indicators that are lit when the playback level

LED is lit whenever the

naset

program.

mono

option plays back the same single-channel data stored

DAT-Link

+ is paused either internally or

left,right,mono

,or

naplay -oleft file

will transfer the single channel samples from the le to the left channel of the DAT

machine. The rightchannel will be silent.

5.5 Playing Part of a File

There are a number of options available for selecting a segment of a le for playback.

The-roption selects a range of the le to playback. The-rag is followed bya

range sp ecied as

are respectively the rst and last sample numbers to play. Either

be omitted in which case the beginning or end of the le is used.

naplay -r 8000:16000 file

will b egin playback at the 8,000th sample in the le and stop at the 16,000th sample.

start-end,start:end

,or

start:+count

, where

startorend

start

and

end

may

Page 58

54 Playback Tutorial

The playback time, in seconds, can be set using the-toption. For example, to

playback the rst 5 seconds of a le use:

naplay -t 5 file

Note that the-toption can not be used with the-roption. If neither option is

given, playback will continue until the end of the le.

Whether or not a duration is given on the command line, the

be interrupted at any time by hitting the interrupt character (usually control-C).

5.6 Repeating a Passage

The entire le or the passage selected using the above options can b e repeated any

number of times by using the-Roption. The number of repetitions is given as the

argumenttothe-Roption:

naplay -t 10 -R 3 file

results in 30 seconds of playback consisting of the rst 10 seconds of the le repeated

3 times. Note that there will be no space between the repetitions.

5.7 Sampling Rates

There are two sampling rates of imp ortance in playing back a le; the rate at which

samples are sent to the DAT machine, and the sampling rate of the le that is to

be played back.

5.7.1 DAT Sampling Rate

naplay

program can

Digital audio equipment usually accepts three possible sampling rates: 32,000,

44,100, or 48,000 samples/second. The most common rate is 48,000 samples/second

and this is the default for the

compact disks or pre-recorded tap es.

The digital audio sampling rate can b e changed using the-Soption to

playback a le such that the DAT records it at 44,100 samples/second use:

naplay -S 44100 file

Note that it is assumed that the le being sent to the DAT is sampled at the

same rate as chosen with the-Soption. In this case,

naplay

program. The 44,100 is usually only used for

naplay

le

should contain audio

. To

Page 59

5.7 Sampling Rates 55

data sampled at 44,100 samples/second. Also note that whenever the DAT rate is

changed, the DAT machine may take a few seconds to lo ck to the new rate. Some

machines may cut o the b eginning of the audio output or generate a click when this

happens. Subsequent playback at the same rate should not exhibit this problem.

There are also some special settings of the-Soption used to synchronize the output

with an external source. These are invoked by prexing the DAT sampling rate with

a letter as follows:

Select the AES/EBU input connector as the clo ck source. Outgoing digital

audio data will be at the same sampling rate as the incoming signal.

SorR:

For theA,S,orFsettings, a valid digital audio signal such as is generated byaCD

player or DAT machine must be applied to the selected input. Note that a DAT

sampling rate must still be specied, even though an external clock will be used.

This is necessary is order for

required.

To set the external or sync1input as the clock source, assuming the input will be

nominally 44,100 samples/second, you would use:

The external clock or sync connector can also be used as a clock source instead

of input. When the letterGis specied before the DAT sampling rate, on the

naplay

For example,

Select the SPDIF (IEC Type II) input as the clock source.

Select the b er-optic input as the clock source.

Use the

Generate clo cks on the external clock or sync connector.

Word ClockorSync

source for the sampling clock.

naplay -S E44100 file

command line, a clock is output on the external clock or sync connector.

connector on the rear of the

naplay

to properly design a sample-rate converter, if

DAT-Link

as the

naplay -S G48000 file

uses the internal oscillator to generate a 48,000 samples/sec clock and outputs it on

the external clo ck connector. This allows other devices or

o a master device as described in Section 9.1. External clo ck input and output

can also be controlled by the

DAT-Link

+version 1.6 and newer use a Sync connector, prior models used a clock connector

naset

program describ ed in Section 10.3.

DAT-Links

to be slaved

Page 60

56 Playback Tutorial

5.7.2 File Sampling Rate

If the le stored on the computer is not at the same sampling rate as that which

will be used by the DAT machine, a sampling-rate conversion op eration must be

performed. This is done automatically in real time by the

built-in digital signal processor. To invoke a conversion, you need only specify

the sampling rate of the le using the-soption. As an example, assume you have

a mono le of speech stored on disk that was sampled at 8,000 samples/second.

Further, assume you wish to record this le onto both channels of a DAT at 44,100

samples/second. The appropriate command would b e:

naplay -omono -s 8000 -S 44100 file

The

-omono

sampled at 8,000 samples/second and the

generate audio data at 44,100 samples/second. To perform this command the

Link

will p erform a digital resampling operation which will result in some low-pass

ltering of the audio signal. See Chapter 7 for more information on the eects of

this conversion.

5.8 File Formats

option selects monophonic playback, the

-S 44100

instructs the

-s 8000

DAT-Link

means the le is

using its

DAT-Link

DAT-

In the ab ove sections wehave assumed the le being used contains just audio data

stored as 16 bit signed integers. By default

type by using various heuristics. If these fail, a warning message will b e printed and

the

raw

format will be used. Other formats are available by using the-foption

followed by a format name. A full list of possible formats can be displayed by

typing:

naplay -f help

Appendix B.1 describes the encoding of each format.

In addition, to the overall le format, the type of data encoding can be specied

using the-eoption. The valid encoding choices are:

Linear:Direct linear encoding of the data as signed integers. The precision of the

values defaults to 16 bits/sample, but can be changed using the-poption

described below. This is the default enco ding.

IEEE:IEEE oating point format using 4 bytes/sample.

ALaw:One byte per sample, A-law companded data.

uLaw:One byte per sample, mu-law companded data.

naplay

will attempt to deduce the le

Page 61

5.9 Playing Multiple Files 57

For example, the command:

naplay -e ieee file

plays back a le of oating pointnumbers. For the linear encoding, the number of

bits/sample can also be sp ecied using the-poption. To playback a le containing

20-bit samples use:

naplay -p20 file

Note that the data is assumed to be packed such that every pair of samples will

occupy 5 bytes. Valid choices of the precision are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, or 32

bits/sample.

Note that not all combinations of the-f,-e, and-poptions are valid. Certain le

formats supp ort only particular encodings and precisions. Attempting to playback

a le with an enco ding or precision dierent from that with whichitwas recorded

will either be rejected or result in incorrect playback. Also, if sample-rate conversion

is b eing used, the software currently supports 16 bit/sample, linear encoding only.

5.9 Playing Multiple Files

Multiple les maybeplayed without anyintervening gap by listing each le on the

command line:

naplay file1 file2 file3

The same settings (sampling rate, precision, etc. ) are used for playback of each

le. If a space is required between each le, then additional les containing zero es

can be created and inserted between each le. For example, for stereo playback

at 48,000 samples/second, the following commands will create a le containing one

second of silence and insert it b etween each le2:

dd if=/dev/zero bs=4 count=48000 of=gap

naplay file1 gap file2 gap file3

5.10 Using Standard Input

If no lename is given on the command line, then the audio input data is taken

from the standard input. This allows another program which generates sampled

/dev/zero

does not exist on all versions of

UNIX

Page 62

58 Playback Tutorial

data to be connected to the

For example, if

a test tone can be output on the left channel using:

The playback will continue until either the

the program is interrupted. Note that the-r,-t, and-Roptions are not available

when standard input is used.

5.11 Channel Status and User Bits

In addition to audio data, the connection between the

audio equipment also carries some additional information known as

bits

and

channel status bits for that are appropriate for the chosen values of the other options,

assuming a consumer digital audio device is connected. If you are using professional

equipment with the AES/EBU connectors on the

be given the-Aoption. This causes some subtle modications to the channel status

bits that are required by the professional standards.

For users that wish to exercise greater control over the channel status and user bits,

naplay

a le. This le can be edited using any text editor. It's format is described in

Appendix B.4.

has an option,-c, which instructs it to read the control information from

sine

is a program which generates a sampled-data sine-wave, then

sine | naplay -ol

user bits

. By default,

naplay

program without creating an intermediate le.

sine

program stops generating data or

DAT-Link

zeroes all of the user bits and generates

DAT-Link

and the digital

, then

naplay

channel status

should

5.12 Starting and Stopping the DAT Machine

The

naplay

stop the DAT recorder automatically. By running

DAT-Link

playback has completed, the DAT machine will b e stopped.

Before this option can be used, it is necessary to set up the

control facility as describ ed in Chapter 8. Also, the

must b e set to the name of the device to be controlled. To start the DAT machine

the

naplay

Between the RECORD and PLAY commands, the six second pause gives the DAT

machine time to enter record mo de. When playback is nished the program issues

a STOP command.

program also provides an option that allows the

naplay

will start the DAT machine recording b efore beginning playback. After

program issues the following remote commands:

STOP - RECORD - <6 second pause> - PLAY

DAT-Link

with the-aoption, the

DAT-Link

DL RC

environmentvariable

to start and

's remote

Page 63

5.13 Buering of Audio Data 59

5.13 Buering of Audio Data

This section describ es how the

formation may be useful in some interactive applications where it is importantto

control latencies when sound les are played back. It may also be necessary to

modify the buer settings to avoid underrun errors when transferring audio les

across a network.

The

DAT-Link

buer audio data sent from the host computer. This buering is necessary to allow

the host computer to be used by multiple users and tasks without creating gaps

in the playback. It does, however, occasionally create some delays and unexp ected

behavior.

When the host computer begins sending audio data to the NetAudio server for

playback, the

audio outputs. It instead stores the data in its internal buer. Playback does not

actually commence until one of the following situations o ccur:

1. Enough data for one second of playback has been transferred. The amount

of buering may be changed by using the

Section 5.14.

2. The host computer nishes sending the audio data.

Once playback begins, the host computer must continue to send audio data to the

DAT-Link

drains completely before the host computer is nished playing back a le, an error

is returned and playback is stopped. Gaps will never be inserted into the playback.

The buer utilization can be monitored by the

Section 10.2.

contains an internal buer of approximately 2 Mbytes that is used to

DAT-Link

suciently quickly to keep the buer from becoming empty. If the buer

does not immediately b egin sending the data to its digital

DAT-Link

buers audio data internally. This in-

bufferTime

nastatus

option described in

command described in

The main eect of the buering on

0.5 seconds between the time the

begins. The actual delay time dep ends on the sp eed of the host computer, the SCSI

bus transfer speed, and the network load if the

remote machine.

For applications where ner control over the buering is required, custom programs

can be written using the subroutine library describ ed in Section 12 and Appendix

5.14 Customizing the Conguration

Many of the command line options, as well as additional options can be sp ecied in

the users

.datlinkrc

naplay

le in their home directory. The format of this le is described

is that there is a delay of approximately

command is issued and when sound output

naplay

command is issued on a

Page 64

60 Playback Tutorial

Table 5.1: Options Available for

Option

naplay.AutoStart Bool No Automatically start & stop

naplay.buerTime Float 1.0 Duration of audio data, in

naplay.Consumer Bool Yes Yes to generate consumer

naplay.lter.resp.nn.

naplay.lter.stopband.atten Float 90 Attenuation, in dB, of

naplay.lter.atten.nn.

Type Default Description

String Null If non-Null, the specication

Float 90 Alternate method of spec-

naplay

DAT machine

seconds, to buer before be-

ginning playback. It may

be necessary to increase this

value to avoid underruns dur-

ing playback over a heavily-

loaded network.

channel status info, No to

generate professional channel

status.

of lter response for sample-

rate converter which con-

verts from

ples/second. See Chapter

7 for details on using this

option.

sample-rate converter's

anti-aliasing stopband.

ifying stopband attenuation

for specic sampling rate

conversions.

nntomm

sam-

in Appendix B.3. The options used by

Note that versions of

links. For example, to create a version of

lters, rst create a link to the

following line to your

phplay.Resampler.filter.resp*: 0@-90,400@0,3400@0,4000@-90

This option will be used only when the play program is invoked with the name

phplay

the

. Other options can similarly be used to create other customized versions of

DAT-Link

programs.

naplay

with dierent defaults can be created by using symbolic

.datlinkrc

naplay

le:

are listed in Table 5.1.

naplay

program called

which uses telephone bandwidth

phplay

. Then add the

Page 65

Chapter 6

Recording Tutorial

This chapter describ es how to use the

your computer. The audio data may come from a DAT machine, a CD player, or any

other audio device connected to one of the

recordings can b e made by using a DAT machine as a analog-to-digital converter

as describ ed below.

6.1 Setting up the DAT Machine

6.1.1 Transferring Audio From a DAT Tape to a Disk File



Connect the



Make sure the NetAudio server is running on the machine which has the

DAT-Link



Insert the tap e into the DAT machine.



Run the



Start the DAT playing.



While playing, the audio signal can be monitored by using the DAT's head-

phone or analog outputs.

DAT-Link

. See Section 3.1 for details.

narecord

to the DAT machine as described in Section 2.5.

program on the computer as describ ed b elow.

DAT-Link

to capture audio onto a disk le on

's digital audio inputs. Live

6.1.2 Transferring Audio From a CD to a Disk File



Connect the

DAT-Link

to the CD player as described in Section 2.5.

Page 66

62 Recording Tutorial



Make sure the NetAudio server is running on the machine which has the

DAT-Link



Insert the CD into the CD player.



Run the



Start the CD playing.



While playing, the audio signal can be monitored by using the CD's headphone

or analog outputs.

6.1.3 Making a Live Recording

To record an analog signal directly onto the hard disk, you can use a DAT machine

record-standby



Connect the



Make sure the NetAudio server is running on the machine which has the

DAT-Link

. See Section 3.1 for details.

narecord

mode:

. See Section 3.1 for details.

program on the computer as describ ed b elow.

DAT-Link

to the DAT machine as described in Section 2.5.



Insert a blank tap e into the DAT machine. Most machines require a blank

tape to be inserted to allow the DAT machine to enter



Set the DAT machine's input source to its analog inputs.



Connect the analog input source, such as a pre-amplier or microphone to the

DAT's analog input(s).



Place the DAT machine in

by pressing either just the

on the DAT machine. The DAT's user manual should provide details on

placing the machine in this mo de.



Run the



Start the analog input (i.e. if using a microphone, begin talking).



While recording, the audio signal can b e monitored by using the DAT's head-

phone or analog outputs.



If a duration was not given when

a few seconds after you are nished recording.

narecord

program on the computer as describ ed b elow.

record-standby

record

button or b oth the

narecord

mode. This is usually accomplished

was started, interrupt the program

record-standby

record

and

pause

mode.

buttons

Page 67

6.2 Running the

narecord

Program 63

6.2 Running the

The

narecord

disk le. It has numerous options, but in its simplest you may simply type:

where

le

accepts stereo audio data and stores it as 16 bit signed integers. Recording will con-

tinue until the program in interrupted using the

control-C). Note that if recording is interrupted, the end of the recording maybe

truncated { leave a few extra seconds after the signal of interest has ended b efore

interrupting

If you are running

connected to the

variable before running

The following sections describ e the various options available to override the defaults.

A short summary of these options is available at any time by simply typing:

You can also refer to the online manual page (a copy in included in App endix G).

program allows you to transfer audio data from the

narecord file

is the name of a le containing the audio data. In this form,

narecord

narecord -help

narecord

DAT-Link

narecord

on a machine on a lo cal area network other than the one

,you will need to set the

narecord

. See Section 3.2 for more details.

Program

UNIX

interrupt character (usually

AUDIO DEVICE

DAT-Link

environment

to a

narecord

6.3 Front Panel Indications

While the

the

when to b egin when making a live recording. In addition, the

also b e on, indicating that the

On the

top Left and Right

to full-scale. This is often indicative that clipping is taking place. The lower

LED's provide activity indicators that are lit when the record level exceeds -30

dB. The

externally. This may be due to synchronization with external equipment or due to

explicit control using the

6.4 Selecting the Input Source

Since there are three p ossible sources for incoming digital audio data, the user must

select which input is active using the-ioption. The p ossible arguments to the

Record

DAT-Link

LED on the front panel should be on. This light can be used to tell

Pause

is accepting audio data from one of its digital audio outputs,

Lock

LED should

DAT-Link

+, there are a number of additional front-panel indications. The

Level

LED's indicate when the record level exceeds -1 dB relative

LED is lit whenever the

naset

program's pause control.

is receiving a valid digital input.

DAT-Link

+ is paused either internally or

Level

Page 68

64 Recording Tutorial

option are:

AES:Select the AES/EBU input connector as the source.

SPDIForRCA:Select the SPDIF (IEC Type II) input as the source.

FIBER:Select the b er-optic input as the source.

The abovechoices may be abbreviated to a single character. If the-ioption is not

provided, then the SPDIF input is used.

6.5 Stereo or Mono

By default, the

le, with the twochannels interspersed. The rst sample in the le is for the left

channel, followed by the right channel, etc. If monophonic recording is required

either the

narecord -oright file

will store only the rightchannel into the le. The incoming left channel audio will

be discarded. Stereo input can b e explicitly specied on the command line using

-ostereo

and stereo respectively.

6.6 Specifying the Recording Duration

The-nand-toptions select the duration of the recording, in samples or seconds

respectively. If neither option is used, recording will continue until the program is

interrupted. For example, to record 5 seconds of audio into a le use:

. These options can be abbreviated to

narecord -t 5 file

narecord

-oleftor-oright

program stores both channels of the stereo data in a

options can be used. For example,

-ol,-or

, and

-os

for left, right,

6.7 Sampling Rates

There are two sampling rates of importance in recording audio; the rate at which

samples are sent from the DAT machine, and the sampling rate of the le that is

being created.

Page 69

6.8 Skipping Silence 65

6.7.1 DAT Sampling Rate

The

DAT-Link

55,000 samples per second. Since the data is generated by the digital audio device,

this rate is not controlled by the

samples/second while CDs are usually recorded at 44,100 samples/second.

6.7.2 File Sampling Rate

If the le stored on the computer is not at the same sampling rate as that which

will be used by the DAT machine, a sampling-rate conversion op eration must be

performed. This is done in real time by the

signal processor. Toinvoke a conversion, you need only sp ecify the sampling rate

of the le using the-soption. As an example, assume you wish to store only the

right channel of the incoming audio at a sampling rate of 8,000 samples/second.

The appropriate command would b e:

The

-oright

should be sampled at 8,000 samples/second. To perform this command the

Link

will p erform a digital resampling operation which will result in some low-pass

ltering of the audio signal. See Chapter 7 for more information on the eects of

this conversion.

can accept audio input sampled at any rate between 25,000 and

DAT-Link

narecord -oright -s 8000 file

option selects right-channel only, and the

. Most DATs are recorded at 48,000

DAT-Link

using its built-in digital

-s 8000

means the le

DAT-

If the-soption is not used, then

the data was presented to the

conversion. The user must be aware of the actual sampling rate that was in use at

the time to correctly play back les recorded in this way.

6.8 Skipping Silence

Often when recording there will be a silent period before the actual material of

interest. This may b e due to the time involved in starting the tape, a pause before

beginning a live recording, or a silent lead-in on tape. To minimize disk usage,

the

narecord

this silence and begin transferring data when a threshold level is exceeded. This

threshold is xed at a sample value of 128 where the maximum possible is 32767.

When recording without sample rate conversions, the rst sample that will be stored

in the output le will be approximately 10,000 samples

threshold. If sample rate conversion is active, then the number of samples b efore

the threshold is reached will depend on the conversion parameters, but will usually

be at least 100 samples.

program has an option,-q, which instructs the

narecord

DAT-Link

will store the le at the same rate as

, without performing any sampling rate

before

DAT-Link

the rst sample above

to skip

Page 70

66 Recording Tutorial

6.9 File Formats

In the ab ove sections we have assumed the le being stored contains just audio

data stored as 16 bit signed integers. This default is called the

formats are available by using the-foption followed by a format name. A full list

of possible formats can be displayatany time bytyping:

narecord -f help

Appendix B.1 describes the enco ding of each format. In addition to the overall le

format, the type of data enco ding can be sp ecied using the-eoption. The valid

encoding choices are:

Linear:Direct linear encoding of the data as signed integers. The precision of the

values defaults to 16 bits/sample, but can be changed using the-poption

described below. This is the default enco ding.

IEEE:IEEE oating point format using 4 bytes/sample.

ALaw:One byte per sample, A-law companded data.

uLaw:One byte per sample,-law companded data.

raw

format. Other

For example, the command:

narecord -f raw -e ieee -t 10 file

records 10 seconds of data and stores it as oating pointnumbers.

For the linear encoding, the number of bits/sample can also be sp ecied using the

-p

option. To record a le using 20-bit samples:

narecord -p20 file

Note that the data is assumed to be packed such that every pair of samples will

occupy 5 bytes. Valid choices of the precision are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, or 32

bits/sample.

Note that not all combinations of the-f,-e, and-poptions are valid. Certain le

formats support only particular encodings and precisions. Also, when sample-rate

conversion is used only 16 bits/sample, linear encoding is available.

6.10 Using Standard Output

If no lename is given on the command line, then the audio data will be directed to

the standard output. This allows another program which accepts sampled data to

Page 71

6.11 Channel Status and User Bits 67

be connected to the

example, if

audio data, then data can be captured and ltered before storing using a command

such as:

The recording will continue until either

is interrupted.

6.11 Channel Status and User Bits

In addition to audio data, the connection between the

audio equipment also carries some additional information known as

bits

and

be captured by using the-coption, which instructs

information into a le. This le can be examined or edited using any text editor.

It's format is the same as is used by

The

narecord

and

user bits

the manual page for

stored using this option.

any program

narecord -s 8000 -ol | any_program >file

user bits

narecord

. By default,

also has the ability to capture continuously changing

byinterleaving them with this data by specifying the-Coption. See

narecord

program without creating an intermediate le. For

is a program which p erforms some secondary ltering of

any program

narecord

in Appendix G for details on the format of les

discards this information. This data can

naplay

and is describ ed in App endix B.4.

exits or the

DAT-Link

narecord

to store the side

program

and the digital

channel status

6.12 Starting and Stopping the DAT Machine

The

narecord

stop the DAT recorder automatically. By running

the

DAT-Link

a disk le. After recording has completed, the DAT machine will b e stopped.

Before this option can be used, it is necessary to set up the

control facility as described in Section 8. Also, the

must b e set to the name of the device to be controlled. To start the DAT machine

the

narecord

When playback is nished the program issues a STOP command.

program provides an option that allows the

will start the DAT machine playing before beginning recording onto

program issues the following remote commands in sequence:

STOP - PLAY

DAT-Link

narecord

DL RC

to start and

with the-aoption,

DAT-Link

environment variable

's remote

Page 72

68 Recording Tutorial

Table 6.1: Options Available for

Option Type Default Description

narecord.AutoStart Bool No Automatically start & stop

narecord.SkipSilence Bool No Skip initial silence inter-

narecord.lter.resp.nn.

narecord.lter.stopband.atten Float 90 Attenuation, in dB, of

6.13 Buering of Audio Data

Buering of audio data was described in Section 5.13 with resp ect to the

program. The eects of the buering are somewhat dierent when recording audio

data from the

eect on recording in terms of delays or latencies.

DAT-Link

. Unlike playback, the internal buering has no visible

String Null If non-Null, the speci-

narecord

DAT machine

val at the beginning of a

recording.

cation of lter resp onse

for sample-rate converter

which converts from

samples/second. See

Appendix 7 for details on

using this option.

sample-rate converters anti-

aliasing stopband.

naplay

When the host computer b egins retrieving audio data from the

mediately begins acquiring data from its selected digital audio input. The host

computer must then continue to read audio data from the

quickly to keep the buer from becoming full. If the buer overows before the

host computer is nished recording, an error is returned and recording is stopped.

Audio data will never be lost without an error indication. The buer utilization

can b e monitored by the

For applications where ner control over the buering is required, custom programs

can be written using the subroutine library describ ed in Section 12 and Appendix

6.14 Customizing the Conguration

Many of the command line options, as well as additional options can be sp ecied in

the users

in Appendix B.3. The options used by

.datlinkrc

nastatus

le in their home directory. The format of this le is described

command describ ed in Section 10.2.

narecord

are listed in Table 6.1.

DAT-Link

, it im-

suciently

Page 73

6.15 Speech Segmentation 69

Custom versions of the

that described in Section 5.14 for the

6.15 Speech Segmentation

When the

desirable to segment the sp eechinto words or segments. A front-end program for

the

As the sp eech is acquired by the

of each block of samples is also computed and passed to the

These energy computations allow

speech segment b egins and ends. Then, along with a le containing the acquired

data, a le containing pointers to each segment is written by

of the segmentation le is describ ed in App endix B.2.

The

accepted by

ments should be recorded before stopping. By default, one segment is recorded.

Note that the audio data is always stored using the

are not currently supported by

DAT-Link

narecord

narecseg

program called

program accepts the same-u,-a,-i,-o, and-soptions that are

narecord

is used to record or transfer sp eech sp eech signals, it is often

. In addition, the-ncan be used to specify how many seg-

program can b e created in a manner similar to

naplay

narecseg

DAT-Link

narecseg

program.

provides this function.

's signal processor, the average energy

narecseg

to heuristically determine where each

narecseg

raw

le format. Other formats

. The format

program.

Page 74

70 Recording Tutorial

Page 75

Chapter 7

Sampling Rate Conversion

The

DAT-Link

the sampling rate used on the digital audio I/O's and any rate requested by the

user. Based on the requested rates, the software dynamically creates a conversion

program which makes optimal use of the DSP32C digital signal processor in the

DAT-Link

can b e chosen and obtained by the

Since the sample rate converters are generated dynamically, it is dicult to predict

the exact specications of the converter without looking a sp ecic examples (as will

be done in Section 7.1). However, the following information will be adequate for

most purp oses:



The converter contains a low pass lter with a stopband frequency of

where

provides real-time conversion during recording or playbackbetween

. Note that the conversions are not limited to integer fractions; any rate

fs1 and

DAT-Link

stop

fs2 are the input and output sampling rates.

min(

1;fs

)



The attenuation of the lter in the entire stopband, will b e approximately 90

dB. This value can be changed, as will be describ ed b elow.



The passband ripple should be about 0.0003 dB.



The lter will always be linear-phase.



The passband frequency will be chosen as high as possible, minimizing the

transition band. The exact frequency dep ends on the

conversion. In all cases, the software uses as much of the DSP32C's resources

as p ossible to obtain the sharpest possible lter cuto.

The

diculty

of the conversion is aected by the following:

diculty

of the requested

Page 76

72 Sampling Rate Conversion



Whether stereo or mono conversion is requested.



The magnitude of the input and output rates. For the same ratio, lower rates

are easier.



The ratio between the rates; medium ratios (2-5) are easiest. Ratios that are

very large may be constrained by the amount of memory available to the DSP.



Whether the ratio is an integer, a small fraction, or neither. Integer and

fractional ratios are marginally easier in most cases. If the ratio is very large

(or very small), then integer ratios will place less demand on the DSP.

7.1 Specications of Some Example Converters

The following table gives the specications for some example conversions. Note

that these specications are intended as an indication of p erformance only, due

to the dynamic methods used to allocate memory and resources, the exact results

you obtain may dier slightly. Exact impulse responses can be measured using the

nagetfilter

command describ ed in Section 10.5.

7.2 Changing the Filter Resp onse

By default, the software uses a maximally-sharp, lowpass lter as describ ed above.

However, it is p ossible to sp ecify an arbitrary lter response with the single proviso

that its passband frequency will never exceed that of the default lter. The desired

response is given as points on the magnitude resp onse curve. For example, the lter

shown in Figure 7.1 was specied using the string:

0@-90,200@-90,400@0,3400@0,3600@-90

The lter string should be entered in your

line:

naplay.filter*: 0@-90,100@0

would use a 100 Hz high-pass lter whenever

DAT-Link

Dierent lters can be sp ecied for dierent sample rate conversions by using an

option name of the form:

pgm.filter.irate.orate

.datlinkrc

naplay

le. For example, adding the

is used for output to the

Page 77

7.2 Changing the Filter Resp onse 73

Table 7.1: Example Sample-rate Converter Sp ecications

Number Sampling Rates Critical Frequencies Stopband Passband

of Input Output Passband Stopband Atten Ripple

Channels (Hz) (Hz) (dB) (dB)

1 8,000 44,100 3,882 4,000 90.9 0.0004

1 8,000 48,000 3,874 4,000 88.2 0.0004

1 8,001 48,000 3,874 4,000 90.9 0.0003

1 12,000 48,000 5,705 6,000 87.5 0.0004

1 44,100 8,000 3,690 4,000 91.2 0.0004

1 44,100 10,000 4,597 5,000 91.4 0.0004

1 44,100 48,000 15,422 22,050 91.4 0.0005

1 44,100 48,000 19,050 22,050 49.9 0.0309

1 48,000 8,000 3,752 4,000 90.0 0.0003

1 48,000 44,100 16,148 22,050 94.4 0.0003

1 48,000 44,100 19,785 22,050 53.8 0.0375

2 8,000 44,100 3,689 4,000 90.0 0.0005

2 8,000 48,000 3,640 4,000 89.8 0.0004

2 8,001 48,000 3,685 4,000 90.0 0.0005

2 12,000 48,000 5,279 6,000 88.3 0.0004

2 44,100 8,000 3,378 4,000 93.8 0.0003

2 44,100 10,000 4,124 5,000 94.5 0.0004

2 44,100 48,000 11,209 22,050 57.4 0.0528

2 48,000 8,000 3,488 4,000 90.0 0.0002

2 48,000 44,100 3,010 22,050 93.0 0.0002

2 48,000 44,100 13,274 22,050 58.3 0.0298

where

irate

is the input sampling rate1,

pgm

is the program for which this default applies. As with all defaults multiple

components can be matched by a \*" character. Thus the line:

*filter*8000: 0@-90,200@-90,400@0,3400@0,3600@-90

indicates that this lter (which is similar to a telephone connection) should be used

whenever the output rate is 8000 samples per second.

Note that ltering is performed only if sample-rate conversion is necessary. If no

sample-rate conversion is required, the exact samples are passed between the host

computer and the digital audio device.

input to the sampling rate converter, not necessarily input to the

orate

is the output sampling rate, and

DAT-Link

Page 78

74 Sampling Rate Conversion

-20

-40

-60

Magnitude (dB)

-80

-100

-120 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

Frequency (Hz)

Figure 7.1: Measured Resp onse Obtained with User-Specied Filter

7.3 Stopband Attenuation

Independently of whether the

ation of 90 dB can also be changed in the

*filter.stopband.atten: 60

This particular line was used for some of the example conversion specications that

were shown in Table 7.1. As can be seen from the table, smaller values result in lower

computational burden and, ultimately, sharp er lters. Increasing the attenuation

muchabove90dBmay result in the software being unable to design a lter that

meets the requested specications.

filter

option is used, the default stopband attenu-

.datlinkrc

le, as in:

Page 79

Chapter 8

Remote Control

The digital audio connections between the

digital audio device do not provide control over the machine. To allow the user

to control devices, the

sisting of an infrared sensor and transmitter. The handheld remote control for any

device can b e used to train the

the

DAT-Link

Commands to stop, start, rewind, etc. can then be added to programs or scripts

allowing greater automation of many functions. The remote control system is not

limited to control of digital audio devices. Any device that has an infrared remote

can be controlled by a computer using

can also be controlled by the

As distributed, the NetAudio software recognizes a number of devices. The known

machines can be listed using:

If your DAT machine is listed, you can skip the next section and proceed to Section

8.2. Otherwise, the following section describes how to train the

your device.

8.1 Training the Infrared Controller

using its remote control transmitter.

rc -l

DAT-Link

provides a universal remote control system, con-

DAT-Link

. The device can then be controlled by

DAT-Link

and a DAT machine or other

. Certain wired remote controls

DAT-Link

to control

Before using a new device to be controlled by the

be trained: it must be told how to generate the various commands suchas

STOP,REWIND

The program provided with the

, etc.

DAT-Link

for training the remote control is called

, the

DAT-Link

must

PLAY

Page 80

76 Remote Control

rctrain

directly with the

is connected to the

rctrain

On completion of training, the server will resume.

Training can be run bytyping:

where

to be trained. For example, to train the

machine, you would type:

This will create a remote control description le for the DTC-75ES and prompt you

to do the following:

. Note that this program does not use the NetAudio server, it communicates

DAT-Link

will temp orarily suspend its operation, ab orting any transfers in progress.

rctrain device operation

device



Aim the DTC-75ES's handheld remote control at the remote sensor on the

front panel of the

approximately 20 cm (8 inches).



Press and hold down the

rctrain

is the name of the device to be trained, and

rctrain DTC-75ES play

displays anOKmessage, the function will have been trained.

. Thus,

DAT-Link

rctrain

. Also, if the NetAudio server,

. The control should be held at a distance of

PLAY

must be run on the same machine that

PLAY

button on the remote control. When the

netaudiod

operation

function of a DTC-75ES DAT

, is running,

is the function

The ab ove procedure can be repeated for each button on the handheld remote

control. The naming of the buttons are arbitrary; any function can be programmed.

However, if you wish to use the-aoptions to the

the recommended command names listed in Table 8.1.

The format of the remote control descriptions is describ ed in Appendix B.5. If

you encounter problems with training the remote control, consult Section A.4 for

assistance.

8.2 Using the Remote Control

The remote control capabilities can be used in two ways: manually, by issuing

commands directly to the device, or automatically by using the

narecordornaplay

Sections 5.12 and 6.12.

Thercprogram allows you to manually control a device for which the remote has

been previously trained. It can be used inside shell scripts to automate rep etitive

procedures. Sincercuses the NetAudio server, it can be used from anywhere on a

. The automatic execution of commands was described in

naplay

and

narecord

-a

you should

options for

Page 81

8.2 Using the Remote Control 77

Table 8.1: Recommended Remote Control Function Names

Command Function

Stop Stop the DAT machine

Play Enter playmode

Pause Pause or release pause

Record Enter record mo de

Rewind Rewind tape

FF Fast-forward tap e

Skip Fwd Skip forward to next track

Skip Rev Skip backward to previous track

:::

9 Numeric entry

Open Open tape drawer

Close Close tap e drawer

Power Turn DATpower on or o

local area network. See Section 3.1 for details on starting and using the NetAudio

server.

To use therccommand you need to specify two things: the name of the device to b e

controlled (the same name used with

Both of these can be given on the command line as in:

rctrain

) and the function(s) to be executed.

rc -r DTC75-ES play

The name after the-roption gives the device name. The remaining words on the

command line are the commands to b e executed.

Multiple commands may be given in which case they will be executed sequentially:

rc -r DTC75-ES stop rewind play

If the same device is used repeatedly, its name may be omitted from the command

line by setting the environmentvariable,

then the commands:

setenv DL_RC DTC75-ES

rc stop rewind play

perform the same function as the previous example. The

set in your login script1. Note that this variable

options to

.login for

naplay

csh

and

narecord

users or .prole forshand

DL RC

. If you are using the c-shell (

DL RC

must

be set to use the automatic

since they do not provide an option to set the

ksh

users

variable maybe

csh

Page 82

78 Remote Control

device name on the command line. A list of available devices can be generated

using the command:

rc -l

A list of available commands can be displayed bytypingrcwith no arguments (or

just the-roption with a device name). Any of the commands listed can b e used as

arguments to therccommand. Note that the case of the command names is not

important.

8.3 ES-Bus Remote Control

Some DAT machines, notably the Panasonic SV-3900, have a serial remote control

based on the ES-Bus protocol. This device can be controlled by the

using the

DAT machines as well as extensive status monitoring. Up to 32 SV-3900's can be

controlled and monitored using a single

use of the SV-3900, refer to the manual page in Appendix G.

Note that, although the ES-Bus is an international standard, the use of ES-Bus

to control DAT machines has not been standardized. The

non-standard messages to control the SV-3900 DAT. Thus, it cannot b e used with

other ES-Bus devices. If you encounter another ES-Bus device which you would

like to control, contact your

sv3900

command. This provides comprehensive control over multiple

DAT-Link

supplier for information about support.

. For details of connection and

sv3900

DAT-Link

program uses

8.4 Hard-wired Remote Controls

In addition to devices that have infrared remote controls or ES-Bus, certain classes

of devices whichhave a serial, hard-wired remote control input may b e controllable

by the

DAT-Link

devices, so the remote description le must be created manually. If a remote control

description le for the device of interest was included with the software distributed,

you will be able to use it to control the device. Otherwise, contact your

supplier for information on support of the device.

. However, it is not p ossible to train the

DAT-Link

to control these

DAT-Link

Page 83

Chapter 9

Using Multiple DAT-Links

Multiple

than 2 channels of audio input and output by using dierent SCSI ID's for each

device. Up to 7

present. Also, multiple hosts on the same network can have

In both cases all of the units can b e accessed from anywhere on the network.

To use multiple

described in Section 2.4. The device les created should b e called

/dev/datlink1,:::

with a dierent SCSI ID. The NetAudio server, described in the Chapter 3, uses

/dev/datlink0

set the unit number. For example,

will start a server which communicates with a single

instead of the default,

A NetAudio server must be started as described above for each

nected. As described in Section 3.1, this can be automated by placing commands

in the system startup le.

DAT-Link

netaudiod -u 1

devices may be connected to a single computer to provide more

DAT-Links

, with each device le created to correspond with a

by default, but this can b e overridden by using the-uoption to

datlink0

can b e placed on a single SCSI bus if no other devices are

on a single host, each

DAT-Link

DAT-Links

should b e installed as

connected.

/dev/datlink0

DAT-Link

using

datlink1

DAT-Link

con-

Client programs specify which

DIO DEVICE

program. Section 3.2 described these options in more detail.

environmentvariable or the setting of the-uoption available in each

DAT-Link

to use by either examining the

AU-

Page 84

80 Using Multiple DAT-Links

9.1 Synchronization

To record or playback audio les using multiple

nization come into play:



Sample-rate synchronization to guarantee that multiple units are op erating

at exactly the same rates.



Start-time synchronization to ensure that playback or recording b egin at the

same time.

Normally, both types of synchronization are required for playback. However, there

are some cases where multiple units may b e operated at dierent sampling rates.

One example is output of a low frequency control variable along with a wide-band

audio signal. In these cases only the start-time synchronization is required. Note,

however, that if the sample-rates of multiple units are not locked, it is not possible

to align the start-time with accuracy greater than plus or minus one sample.

Since the digital audio inputs to the

cannot enforce sample-rate synchronization during recording. The signals must b e

synchronized at their source by the external equipment. If the inputs are externally

synchronized at the same rate, then the

recorded from multiple units are exactly aligned. If the sources are not sample-rate

synchronized, then the start-time synchronization will only be accurate to plus or

minus one sample.

DAT-Link

DAT-Links

are self-clocking, the

can ensure that the rst sample

,twotypes of synchro-

DAT-Link

The synchronization systems used by dierent

dierent and are described separately in the sections below. The version number

of your

DAT-Link

9.1.1 Synchronization with

The

time synchronization of input and output. An external clockavailable from your

DAT-Link

to synchronize playback sampling-rates and playback or recording start-time. The

Sync

pause or foot-switch control. See Appendix C.2 for details on the

and its pinout.

DAT-Link

or by running

DAT-Link

supplier1, is required to feed the

connector can also be used for sp ecialized applications such as an external

Part number EXT-CLK

can be found on the serial number plate on the bottom of the

naversion

+ provides an 8-pin

DAT-Link

Sync

DAT-Link

connector for both sampling-rate and start-

DAT-Link

versions are substantially

+ Version 1.6

+ with all necessary signals

Sync

connector

Page 85

9.1 Synchronization 81

Connecting the External Clock

The external clock is an external device used to synchronize 2 to 6

units. It has 6 identical connectors on its back panel that can be wired to the

DAT-Link

it generates b etween 48kHz and 44.1kHz. This switch should be set to the desired

frequency b efore issuing the commands on the computer.

Once multiple units are connected to the external clock, playback sampling-rate

synchronization can be controlled using the-Soption to

example, to obtain the sampling rate clo ck from the external clo ck, you could use:

where theEprex to the sampling rate is an abbreviation for

although an external clo ck is used in the above example, the nominal sampling rate

is still specied. This is necessary only when sampling-rate conversion is used to

allow the software to calculate the correct up-sampling or down-sampling ratio. The

value chosen should match the rate selected on the external clock.

Synchronization of start-time for playback or recording can also b e achieved using

the external clo ck. The

indication that the

signal is high the unit is ready to b egin. Furthermore, if an external device forces

the

even if it is ready to do so. Thus, if multiple

via an external clock unit, none of them will b egin playback or recording until all

connected units are ready. When the last unit releases

Link

READY

+ units with the provided cables. It is powered by tapping one of the

+spower supply. On its front panel, a switchcho oses the clock frequency

nasetornaplay

naplay -S E48000 file

External

READY

DAT-Link

READY

signal low, then the

+'s will then begin. The front panel

pin.

pin of the

+ is ready to b egin recording or playback. When this

DAT-Link

Sync

connector provides an external

+ will not begin recording or playback

DAT-Link

Pause

+'s are connected together

READY

LED indicates the state of the

DAT-Link

. Note that

, all of the

. For

DAT-

Note that to playback or record from a single

connected together it is necessary to override the start-time synchronization. This

can b e done by executing the command:

dlmkrdy -u unit_number

These options can be combined to, for example, playbacktwo data les simultane-

ously at the same sampling rate:

naset -u :0 -S E

naset -u :1 -S E

naplay -u :0 file0 -S E48000 &

naplay -u :1 file1 -S E48000

DAT-Link

+ while multiple units are

Page 86

82 Using Multiple DAT-Links

The two rst lines instruct both units to receive their clock from an external source.

By performing this setup b efore running the

have stabilized before output begins. Next, playback is started on unit 0. However,

playback will not actually commence until both unit 0 and unit 1 both indicate

they are ready by releasing the

only after the fourth line is executed and the playback of

simultaneously.

READY

naplay

signal on the

commands, all the clo cks will

Sync

connector. This occurs

le0

and

le1

begin

To record from two

following commands can be used:

narecord -u :0 file0 &

narecord -u :1 file1

Note that since the data is self-clo cking, only start-time synchronization is p er-

formed in this case.

There are no intrinsic limits on how many units can be synchronized using the above

techniques. However, using multiple

processes can quickly overload the host computer. Typically, if full-bandwidth,

stereo signals are b eing used, only two or three units can be synchronized using

these techniques before the host computer is unable to keep up with the data ow.

To record or playback les using a greater number of units, the

programs described b elow should be used.

9.1.2 Synchronization with

When multiple

exactly the same rate on each unit. This can be done using the

input/output connector on the rear of each

to connect together the

clock source and the other units can be slaved o the master. This clo ck can also

be used to trigger playback and recording.

DAT-Link

DAT-Links

+'s with the recordings starting simultaneously, the

netaudiod

DAT-Link

are used it may be necessary to generate output at

. Then, one

servers and

Versions Prior to 1.6

DAT-Link

naplayornarecord

dlmrecordlplay

External Clock

. A

BNC

cable can b e used

can b e used as a master

For example the following commands will play

connected to the host named

master and unit 1 as a slave.

naset -u foo:0 -S E

naset -u foo:1 -S E

naplay -u foo:0 -S E44100 file1 &

naplay -u foo:1 -S E44100 file2 &

naset -u foo:0 -S OG

By making b oth units slaves neither unit will have a clock source, and no output

will b e produced. When unit 0 is changed to a master clo ck source by the last line

le1

and

le2

on two

foo

at the same sampling rate using unit 0 as the

DAT-Links

Page 87

9.2 Multiple Unit Recording 83

above, the output from both units will start within one sample time of each other,

and op erate at exactly the same sample rate. Note however, that until playback

begins, there will not b e any output from the digital outputs. Once playback begins,

it may take a few seconds for the receiving DAT machine to lockonto the signal.

The same metho d can be used to synchronize recordings from multiple

This version

beginning a recording. Thus, input can be synchronized by using the sequence:

The rst two commands will turn o the output clocks for both

they attempt to send a zero on their outputs, both units will blo ck after the

narecord

both units will simultaneously begin acquiring data from their inputs.

The above techniques can be extended to synchronize anynumber of

even units connected to dierent hosts.

9.2 Multiple Unit Recording

The program

tiple

DAT-Links

invocations of

signicantly better data throughput. This allows a greater numberofchannels to

be recorded simultaneously while handling synchronization transparently.

DAT-Link

naset -u foo:0 -S E

naset -u foo:1 -S E

narecord -u foo:0 file1 &

narecord -u foo:1 file2 &

naset -u foo:0 -S OG

programs are begun. When unit 0 is changed to a master clock source,

dlmrec

. Although the same functionality is provided by using multiple

netaudiod

always outputs a zero on its digital output just before

provides a facility for synchronizing and recording from mul-

and

narecord

, as described ab ove,

dlmrec

DAT-Links

can obtain

. Since

The recorded signal from multiple

the command line, using one of two formats. The

using the-Ioption to

in the le. For example, if 4

will be organized as shown:

where

sample.

The second format, which is the default, is a block-interleaved format and is de-

scribed in Appendix B.1.9. Use of this format results in signicantly less CPU load

during recording since no reorganization of data is required by the host CPU.

For example, the command:

is thej-th left sample from

DAT-Links

dlmrec

, stores the same samples from eachchannel together

DAT-Links

DAT-Link

is stored in a single le, specied on

interleaved

are used for recording, the resulting le

:::L

unitjand

format, sp ecied

is thej-th right

(9.1)

Page 88

84 Using Multiple DAT-Links

dlmrec -N 4 -I -i SPDIF -p20 test

stores 8 channels (4 stereo pairs) of 20 bit/sample data recorded from

datlink1,datlink2

leaved, sample-by-sample, and stored in the le

only the start-time synchronization is performed in this case.

Although

sion 1.6 or later provides the facility to guarantee that the signals acquired by the

multiple units are correctly time-aligned. Prior models will delay the individual

stereo-pairs byavariable amount.

When

an external clock as described in section 9.1.1.

to guarantee that recording begins simultaneously for all units. If the data sources

for the units are phase-locked to each other and are aligned to an accuracy of at

least one-quarter of a sample, then this will result in the multiple channels being

exactly aligned. Otherwise, the recording from eachchannel will begin at the same

time within +/- one sample.

If one or more units connected to the external clock are not needed in a particular

command, they have to be forced ready. For example, if six

to the external clock, and you want to record on the three rst units only, then

datlink3,datlink4

command

dlmrec

DAT-Link

dlmkrdy

dlmkrdy -u3

dlmkrdy -u4

dlmkrdy -u5

, and

datlink3

can used with any model

+'s are used, the

and

datlink5

using their

Sync

should have their

SPDIF

test

DAT-Link

connectors of each unit should be wired to

dlmrec

inputs. The data is inter-

. The data is self-clocking, so

, only the

then uses the

READY

DAT-Link

signal forced using the

datlink0

+, ver-

READY

signal

+'s are wired

Then, the command

dlmrec -N3 test

waits until

stereo pairs), block-interleaved, at 16 bits/sample. Afterwards, to release the forced

READY

The way the channels are recorded to the le can be reordered using the-uoption

dlmrec

lowed by one of the letters:L,R,orS. These signify left, right or stereo respectively.

The order of the list determines the mapping of channels to

datlink0,datlink1

,you use the commands:

dlmkrdy -u3 -c

dlmkrdy -u4 -c

dlmkrdy -u5 -c

. Its argument is a comma-separated list of

and

datlink2

are

READY

and stores 6 channels (3

DAT-Link

+ unit numbers fol-

DAT-Link

+ units. For

Page 89

9.3 Multiple Unit Playback 85

devices used in stereo mode, the left channel always precedes the rightchannel. For

example, the string, \

Channel 0 - left input of unit 0

Channel 1 - left input of unit 3

Channel 2 - right input of unit 3

Channel 3 - right input of unit 2

9.3 Multiple Unit Playback

0L,3S,2R

", would create the following channel map.

Similarly to

played back using multiple

the data le formats generated by

The block-interleaved is preferable as it results in signicantly less CPU load since

no reorganization of data is required by the host CPU.

Synchronization of the multiple units requires that the

of the

Dlmplay

to the bit and word external clocks. The

that playback begins simultaneously for all units.

When

rates can be synchronized by connecting the word clocks connectors on each units

together using a BNC cable. Start-time synchronization is not available on these

units.

As an example, to playback a 6-channel, block-interleaved le at 44,100 sam-

ples/second using 3

Note that the blo ck-interleaved le contains a header describing the number of

channels, precision, etc. so these do not need to be specied on the command line.

The-Especies the use of the external clock signal.

dlmrec

DAT-Link

then uses the external clo ck as a master source and locks each

dlmplay

dlmplay -E -S 44100 filename

, the

dlmplay

+'s are wired to an external clock as described in section 9.1.1.

is used with version 1.5 or older of the

DAT-Link

program allows a multi-channel data le to be

DAT-Links

units, you can use the command:

dlmrec

. The

dlmplay

and automatically recognizes the format.

READY

program accepts either of

Sync

connectors of each

signal is then used to guarantee

DAT-Link

, the sampling

As with

ticular command, it should b e forced ready with the help of

the channels can be redirected with

dlmrec

The manual pages in App endix G provide more information ab out the command

line arguments and usage of

dlmrec

,ifany unit connected to the external clo ck is not involved in a par-

dlmrec

dlmplay's-u

and

dlmplay

dlmkrdy

option as described previously for

. Furthermore,

Page 90

86 Using Multiple DAT-Links

Page 91

Chapter 10

Utilities

10.1 Checking the Software and Hardware Revi-

sion Numbers

In the event that you have diculty with the

should rst check the revision of the software and hardware that you have. This

can b e done bytyping:

naversion

As with all NetAudio programs, the server must be running before using this pro-

gram as described in Section 3.1. Tocheck the version of the

to a remote host, use:

naversion -u host:unit

where

host

is the remote host name, and

DAT-Link

call for support.

10.2 Monitoring NetAudio Server Status

The

the NetAudio server as well as the current state of recording or playback. Other

NetAudio programs can be run while

server parameters are reected immediately in the

to query. Have a record of the information displayed available when you

nastatus

client program can be used to display the various parameters of

nastatus

DAT-Link

unit

, which is usually 0, sp ecies which

is active. Changes made to the

or require support, you

DAT-Link

nastatus

display while values

connected

Page 92

88 Utilities

DAT-Link: Version 1.6/38

DSP Program: TS15 SIOMode: AES/EBU (0xa)

Playback Record

Time = 0:53 Time = 0:00

Left VU |*********** Left VU |

Right VU |*********** Right VU |

Buffering |********************| Buffering |********************|

Sampling rate = 8000->48000 Sampling rate = 48000

Precision = 16 Precision = 16

Encoding = Linear Encoding = Linear

Gain = 1.00 Gain = 1.00

Channels = Stereo Channels = Mono

State = Active State = Inactive

Error = No Error Error = No Error

Waiting = 0 Waiting = 0

Left CS = 040000020000000000000000 Left CS =040000020000000000000000

000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000

Right CS= 040000020000000000000000 Right CS=040000020000000000000000

000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000

User Bits = 00000000 User Bits = 00000000

clock = Internal locked = 1

master = 0 source = RCA AES status= 0x0000

skipSilence= 0 loopback = 0

Figure 10.1: Screen dump while

whichchange rapidly, such as sample count, playback/record time, and VU levels

are up dated at regular intervals as given by the-toption. For example,

nastatus -t 0.2

will update the display every 200 milliseconds. An example display is shown in

Figure 10.1. The following elds are displayed:

Versions

DSP Program

SIOMode

The banner line indicates the

numbers.

This is the name of the currently running DSP program. This is

normally of use only if you are loading your own DSP programs. See Section

10.4 for details.

This is the conguration of the

the

naset

command's-soption. See Section 10.3 for details.

nastatus

DAT-Link

DAT-Link'sDSP-Port

hardware and rmware revision

is running.

. It is set using

Page 93

10.2 Monitoring NetAudio Server Status 89

VU Levels

or sample-rate conversion. Each '*' represents a 6 dB step in level. Levels

that will result in clipping are represented by '+' marks.

Buering

playing a le, an underrun error will occur if the buer empties completely,

thus having close to a full buer, as shown in Figure 10.1, is desirable. When

recording, an overrun error will o ccur if the buer ever lls completely. Thus,

in this case, an empty buer is most desirable.

Sampling Rate

rate conversion is being used, then the converted rate will also b e displayed

as shown on the playback side in the example.

Precision

Encoding

Gain

Channels

Mono

both the left and right output channels.

State

of audio data transfers.

These indicate the current record or playback levels after any ltering

This indicates the utilization of the

This is the sampling rate of the les on the host side. If sampling

The number of bits per sample.

Audio data enco ding.

The gain applied by the

This indicate whichchannels are active. Possible values are

, and

One of

Stereo

Inactive,Filling,Active

. The

DAT-Link

Mono

setting is for playback of single-channel data on

, and

DAT-Link

Paused

's internal buer. When

indicating the current state

Left,Right

Waiting

Left & RightCS

User Bits

Clock

Master

Locked

Source

AES Status

Skip Silence

Indicates the number of clients that are waiting for access to transfer data

to or from the server.

The AES/EBU user bits.

Clock source for playback; one of

A nonzero values indicates that the

on its clo ck I/O connector.

A valid AES/EBU signal is b eing read by the

digital audio inputs.

The digital audio input source. The value

Link

will select whichever input has a valid AES/EBU signal.

Status bits of the AES/EBU receiver.

A non-zero value indicates that recordings are set to skip initial silent

periods.

The AES/EBU channel status bits.

Internal,Input

DAT-Link

Active

, and

External

is generating a master clock

DAT-Link

indicates that the

on one of its

DAT-

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90 Utilities

Loopback

It also p ossible to display exact values for the current VU levels and buering

available by adding the-xoption to the command.

The

curses(3)

24 rows and 80 columns for proper display.

10.3 Controlling NetAudio Server Parameters

Various parameters of the

the

naset

or playback is currently underway | the changes take eect immediately. Where

applicable, the changes can be limited to either the playbackorrecord functions

by additionally sp ecifying the-Por-Roption respectively. The parameters under

control are:

Gain:

VU Decay:

Non-zero if lo opback testing is enabled. Used only by the

gram.

package is used for screen updates. The screen must have at least

DAT-Link

client program. This program can be used whether or not recording

This is an overall gain factor for playback or recording. The-goption to

naset

is used to set this parameter.

The decay rate of the VU metering in dB/second. The default is 40

dB/second. This is set using the-voption.

and the NetAudio server can be set using

naloop

pro-

Pause Control:

using the-por-roptions. Pausing playback inserts zeroes into the digital

audio output stream. Pausing record discards incoming samples.

Clock Source:

clock connector can b e sp ecied using the-Soption. Following the-Sag,

the following letters can b e specied:

Select the internal oscillator.

Use the external clock connector as a clock input.

Use the incoming digital audio data as the clock source.

Output the clo ck on the external clock connector.

DSP Serial Mode:

be congured. Once set, the mode selected remains in eect until changed

by a subsequent

followed by one of the following keywords. Note that manyofthese modes

are available only on the

AES/EBU

Playback or recording can be paused or resumed at any time

The clock source for playback and clo ck output from the external

andIR.

This option allows the

naset

command. The serial mode is set using the-soption

DAT-Link

+; the original

's DSP chip's serial port to

DAT-Link

supports only

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10.3 Controlling NetAudio Server Parameters 91

AES/EBU:

the DSP32C's serial port is connected to the digital audio inputs and

outputs.

AES/EBU-Override:

the

nected via the external

for playback and recording from a single unit when multiple units are

connected together.

GP-Int:

and load lines should be generated by the DSP32C and are output on

the appropriate pins of the

GP-Ext:

and load lines should be generated externally and are inputs to the

Link

GPDelay-Int:

bit-time.

GPDelay-Ext:

one bit-time.

AES-Rx:

DSP32C, but the

input and output is locked to the digital audio input.

AES-Tx:

audio output. Clocking for both input and output is locked to the digital

audio output.

Pro8:

ProPort connected to the

for details on using the ProPort. In this particular mo de the ProPort

will be set for input and output at 8,000 samples per second.

Pro11:

Pro16:

Pro32:

Pro44:

Pro48:

Pro96:

Pro-Int:

clock (set by the-Soption ab ove) as the ProPort's sample-rate clock.

IR:

The

input with clocks generated by the DSP32C. The DSP32C's serial output

is unused.

This is the normal mode for the

This is the same as the previous mo de except that

DAT-Link

The DSP32C's serial port is connected to the

The DSP32C's serial p ort is connected to the

's DSP32C processor.

The digital audio input is used as the source of input data to the

Input is taken from the

This mode permits both input and output to be routed via an Ariel

ProPort at 11,000 samples per second.

ProPort at 16,000 samples per second.

ProPort at 32,000 samples per second.

ProPort at 44,100 samples per second.

ProPort at 48,000 samples per second.

ProPort at 96,000 samples per second.

This ProPort mo de uses the

DAT-Link

+, version 1.6 or later will not wait for other devices con-

Sync

connector before beginning. This is useful

DSP-Port

Similar to GP-Int except the incoming data is delayed by one

Similar to GP-Ext except the incoming data is delayed by

DSP-Port

's infrared receiver is connected to the DSP32C's serial

is used for output. Clocking for b oth the

DSP-Port

DAT-Link

and output is sent to the digital

+'s

DSP-Port

DAT-Link

. With this setting,

DSP-Port

. See Section 11.3.1

+'s digital audio output

. The clock

DAT-

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92 Utilities

TxFSync:

the DSP32C's serial input with clocks generated by the DSP32C. This

mode can be used to measure the sampling frequency of output when

locked to an external clo ck.

TxFSync:

DSP32C's serial input with clocks generated by the DSP32C. This mode

can be used to measure the sampling frequency of a digital audio inputs.

The

naset

by sp ecifying the-coption. The manual page for

these and other options.

10.4 Downloading DSP32C Programs

The

naloaddsp

programs to the

compiled and linked using AT&T's DSP32C Development System to create a COFF

executable le. Section 11.2.1 describes the interface to AT&T's software. To

download an executable named

naloaddsp -c foo

This will force the NetAudio server to use

DAT-Link

cluding

use

. Note that this will aect subsequent use of the NetAudio software in-

naplay,narecord

naloaddsp

The digital audio transmitter's sample-rate clock is connected to

The digital audio receiver's sample-rate clock is connected to the

program can also be used to reset the parameters to the default state,

naset

program provides a facility for users to download their own DSP

DAT-Link

with no arguments.

's DSP32C processor. The DSP32C program must be

foo

, use:

foo

during all transfers to or from the

, and

rctrain

.To return

in Appendix G discusses

DAT-Link

to normal op eration,

The name of the currently loaded DSP program can also be checked using the

option to

10.5 Checking the DAT-Link's Filters

When the

pass digital ltering to eliminating aliasing during the conversion process. Also,

custom lter responses can be sp ecied for equalization, notch ltering, and other

special applications. If it is necessary to obtain the exact specications of the lter

being used by the

1. Perform the op eration for whichyou want to examine the lter. For exam-

naloaddsp

naloaddsp -q

DAT-Link

ple, to examine the lter used for recording with conversion to 8000 sam-

ples/second, run the command:

is used for sample-rate conversion, it must perform some low-

DAT-Link

, the following procedure can b e used:

-q

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10.6 Interactive Playback of Multiple Files 93

narecord -s 8000 -t 1 >/dev/null

The output of the command is not important, it just forces the NetAudio

server to load the appropriate lters.

2. Run the program

playback or record lter respectively. To continue the above example, type:

nagetfilter -R >filter.specs

The output from

The rst line contains the sampling rate of the discrete-time lter's impulse re-

sponse. The remaining lines are the values of the sampled impulse response. This

impulse resp onse completely characterizes the

as input to other analysis programs or custom software to derive the frequency re-

sponse of the system. An example script to do this conversion and plot the results

using

MATLAB

STALLROOT/etc/dl/plotresp.m

the

DAT-Link

above commands are executed is shown in Figure 10.2.

10.6 Interactive Playback of Multiple Files

The

xnaplay

Window System to display a control panel on the workstation screen with a number

of buttons labelled with lenames. Clicking on any lename causes the le to be

played. An example panel is shown in Figure 10.3.

The

xnaplay

example, the panel shown in Figure 10.3 was generated using the command:

programs were installed. The plot generated byMATLAB after the

provides a simple interface to playbackmultiple les. It uses the X

program is run with each lename to be displayed as arguments. For

nagetfilter

is included with the

are ASCI I oating point numbers, one per line.

with either the-Por-Roption to acquire the

DAT-Link

, where

INSTALLROOT

DAT-Link

software. The script is called

's lters. It can be used

IN-

is the directory where

xnaplay mozart_orig mozart@64kbps beethoven speech_orig \

speech_LPC speech_CELP

When a button on the

using the named le as the argument. If it necessary to pass some ags to the

naplay

with the lename. The command

will put up a display with buttons lab elled

le1

ples/second. Note that the quotes are necessary in the ab ove command to group

the options with the appropriate le.

program, such as setting the sampling rate, they can be sp ecied along

xnaplay '-s 8000 file1' '-s 12000 file2'

would be at 8,000 samples/second while

xnaplay

panel is clicked, the

le1

and

le2

naplay

will be played at 12,000 sam-

program is executed

le2

, but the playback of

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94 Utilities

Magnitude Response

-50

Atten (dB)

-100

0.5 1 1.5 2 Frequency (Hz)

-4

x10

Atten (dB)

-5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

Frequency (Hz)

Figure 10.2: Frequency Response Captured using

nagetfilter

x10

Figure 10.3: Control Panel Generated by

xnaplay

Page 99

10.6 Interactive Playback of Multiple Files 95

If it is desired to have certain options passed to

then the-Foption to

additional options. For example, to sp ecify that all the les listed are ESPS format

les and that playback should always be on the left channel, the command:

xnaplay '-F-f ESPS -oleft' file1 file2 file2

could b e used. Again, the quotes are necessary as shown.

Standard X Window toolkit options can also be passed to

options such as setting colours, geometries, position, etc. Refer to the X Window

System manuals for details on using these options.

xnaplay

can be used. The arguments to this option is a set of

naplay

for all of the listed les,

xnaplay

. These include

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96 Utilities