Toshiba 560S User Manual

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RAID Controller

Kit-G

Hardware/Software

Guide

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Preface

The RAID Controller Kit-G PCI RAID Controller supports all single ended and lowvoltage differential (LVD) SCSI devices on a Ultra320 and Wide SCSI channel with data transfer rates up to 320 MB/s (megabytes per second). This manual describes RAID Controller Kit-G.

Limited Warranty

The buyer agrees if this product proves to be defective, that Toshiba is obligated only to repair or replace this product at Toshiba’s discretion according to the terms and conditions of the warranty registration card that accompanies this product. Toshiba shall not be liable in tort or contract for any loss or damage, direct, incidental or consequential resulting from the use of this product. Please see the Warranty Registration Card shipped with this product for full warranty details.

Limitations of Liability

Toshiba shall in no event be held liable for any loss, expenses, or damages of any kind whatsoever, whether direct, indirect, incidental, or consequential (wh ether arising f rom the design or use of this product or the support m aterials provi ded with the produ ct.) No action or proceeding against Toshiba may be commenced more than tw o years after the delivery of product to Licensee of Licensed Software.

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Licensee agrees to defend and indemnify Toshiba from any and all claims, suits, and liabilities (including attorney’s fees) arising out of or resulting from any actual or alleged act or omission on the part of Licensee, its authorized third parties, employees, or agents, in connection with the distribution of Licensed Software to end-users, including, without limitation, claims, suits, and liability for bodily or other injuries to end-users resulting from use of Licensee’s product not caused solely by faults in Licensed Software as provided by Toshiba to Licensee.

Package Contents

You should have received:

• A RAID Controller Kit-G PCI RAID controller

• A CD with drivers, utilities and documentation

• The RAID Controller Kit-G Hardware Guide (on CD)

• The MegaRAI D Configuration Softwar e Guide (on CD)

• The MegaRAID Operating System Driver Installation Guide (on CD)

• Software license agreement (on CD)

• A warranty registration card

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Technical Support

If you need hel p installing, confi guring, or runnin g the RAID Controlle r Kit-G PCI RAID Controller, call your Tosh iba OEM Technical Su pport representative. Bef ore you call, please complete the MegaRAID Problem Report form on the next page.

Web Site

We invite you to access the Toshiba world wide web s ite at http://www.Toshiba.com or the MegaRAID support page at http://megaraid.Toshiba.com.

MegaRAID Problem Report Form

Complete this form before you call your Toshiba OEM Customer Service Representative.

Table 1 MegaRAID Problem Report Form

Customer Information MegaRAID Information

Name Today’s Date Company Date of Purchase Address Invoice Number City/State Serial Number Country Email address Cache Memory Phone Firmware Version Fax BIOS Version

System Information

Motherboard: BIOS manufacturer: Operating System: BIOS Date: Op. Sys. Ver.: Video Adapter: MegaRAID Driver Ver.: Network Card: System Memory: Other disk controllers Installed:

CPU Type/Speed:

Other adapter cards Installed:

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Table 1 MegaRAID Problem Report Form (Continued)

System Information

Description of problem:

Steps necessary to re-create problem:

Logical Drive Configuration

Use this form to record the configuration details for your logical drives.

Logical Drive

LD0 LD1 LD2 LD3 LD4 LD5 LD6 LD7 LD8 LD9 LD10 LD11

RAID Level

Table 2 Logical Drive Configuration

Stripe Size

Logical Drive Size

Cache Policy

Read Policy

Write Policy

# of Physical Drives

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Table 2 Logical Drive Configuratio n ( C ontinued)

Logical Drive

LD12 LD13 LD14 LD15 LD16 LD17 LD18 LD19 LD20 LD21 LD22 LD23 LD24 LD25

RAID Level

Stripe Size

Logical Drive Size

Cache Policy

Read Policy

Write Policy

# of Physical Drives

LD26 LD27 LD28 LD29 LD30 LD31 LD32 LD33 LD34 LD35 LD36 LD37 LD38 LD39

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Physical Device Layout

Use this form to record the physical device layout.

Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number

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Table 3 Physical Drive Layout

Channel 1

Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level

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Table 3 Physical Drive Layout (Continued)

Channel 1

Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level

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Table 3 Physical Drive Layout (Continued)

Channel 1

Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level

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Disclaimer

This manual describes the operation of the Toshiba RAID Controller Kit-G Disk Array Controller. Although efforts have been made to assure the accuracy of the information contained here, Toshiba expressly disclaims liability for any error in this information, and for damages, whether direct, indirect, special, exemplary, consequential or otherwise, that may result from such error, including but not limited to the loss of profits resulting from the use or misuse of the manual or information contained therein (even if Toshiba has been advised of the possibility of such damages). Any questions or comments regarding this document or its contents should be addressed to Toshiba at the address shown on the cover.

Toshiba provides this publication “as is” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a specific purpose.

Some states do not allow disclaimer of express or implied warranties or the limitation or exclusion of liability for indirect, special, exemplary, incidental or consequential damages in certain transactions; therefore, this statement may not apply to you. Also, you may have other rights which vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.

This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein; these changes will be incorporated in new editions of the publication. Toshiba may make improvements and/or revisions in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this publication at any time.

Requests for technical information about Toshiba products should be made to your Toshiba authorized reseller or marketing representative.

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© Copyright 2002 Toshiba Corporation All rights reserved. Toshiba Corporation 6145-D Northbelt Parkway Norcross, GA 30071 This publication contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. No

part of this publication can be reproduced, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language or computer language, or transmitted in any form whatsoever without the prior written consent of the publisher, T oshiba Corporation. Toshiba acknowledges the following trademarks.

Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. Sytos 300 is a registered trademark of Sytron Corporation. MS-DOS, and Microsoft are registered tradem arks of Microsoft Corporation , Win dows

95, Microsoft Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. SCO, UnixWare, and Unix are registered trademarks of the Santa Cruz Operation. Inc. IBM, AT, VGA, PS/2, and OS/2 are registered trademarks and XT and CGA are

trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. NEC is a registered trademark of Nippon Electric Corporation. Sony is a registered trademark of Sony Corporation. Toshiba is a registered trademark of Toshiba America Corporation. Archive and Python are registered trademarks of Archive Corporation. Quantum is a registered trademark of Quantum Corporation. Seagate is a registered trademark of Seagate Corporation. SyQuest is a trademark of SyQuest Corporation. ASPI is a registered trademark of Adaptec, Inc. Panasonic is a registered trademark of Panasonic Corporation. Hewlett-Packard is a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Corporation. Amphenol is a trademark of Amphenol Corporation. Siemens is a registered trademark of Siemens Corporation. AMP is a trademark of AMP Corporation.

Revision History 8/16/02 Initial release.

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Toshiba Confidential

This document contains proprietary information of Toshiba Corporation. The information contained herein is not to be used by or disclosed to third parties without the express written permission of an officer of Toshiba Corporation.

Document DB15-000255-00, First Edition (August 2002) This document describes the configuration software for Toshiba Corporation's

MegaRAID controllers and will remain the official reference source for all revisions/releases of these products until rescinded by an update.

Toshiba Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products herein at any time without notice. Toshiba does not assume any responsibilit y or liability arising o ut of the application or use of any product described herein, except as expressly agreed to in writing by Toshiba; nor does th e purch ase or us e of a produ ct f rom Toshiba con vey a license under any patent rights, copyrights, trademark rights, or any other of the intellectual property rights of Toshiba or third parties.

Novell is registered trademarks of Novell Corporation. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other brand and product names may be trademarks of their respective companies.

CD To download the latest drivers and documentation, and receive product literature, visit

us at http://www.Toshiba.com. For a current list of our dis tribut ors, sal es off ices, and desi gn resou rce cente rs, view our

web page located at

http://www.Toshiba.com/contacts/na_salesoffices.htmlPre.

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FCC Regulatory Statement

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, in cluding interference that may cause undesired operation.

WARNING: Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate rad io frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a specific installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

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1. Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

2. Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.

3. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

4. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

Shielded interface cables must be used with this product to ensure compliance with the Class B FCC limits.

Toshiba RAID Controller Kit-G PCI RAID Controller Model Number: Series 520 FCC ID Number:

DISCLAIMER

TOSHIBA certifies only that this product will work correctly when this product is used with the same jumper settings, the same system confi guration, the same memory module parts, and the same peripherals that were tested by TOSHIBA with this product. The complete list of tested jumper settings, system configurations, peripheral devices, and memory modules are documented in the TOSHIBA Compatibility Report for this prod uct. Call your TOSHIBA sales representative for a copy of the Compatibility Report for this product.

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Preface iii Symbols Used in This Guide xvii

Chapter 1 Overview 3

Overview 3

Chapter 2 Introduction to RAID 9

RAID Controller Kit-G – Host-Based RAID Solution 10 RAID Overview 11

Chapter 3 RAID Levels 23

RAID Levels 23

Chapter 4 Features 33

Operating System Software Drivers 36

Chapter 5 Configuring RAID Controller Kit-G 45

Configuring SCSI Physical Drives 45 Configuri ng Lo gi ca l Dri ve s 54

Chapter 6 Hardware Installation 59

Installation Steps 60

Chapter 7 Troubleshooting 79

Troubleshooting 79

Chapter 8 Introduction 89

In this Manual 90

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Chapter 9 MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility 95

In this Chapter 95 Starting the MegaRAID BIOS Configura tion Utility 95 Configuri ng Arrays and Logical Drives 105 Initializing Logical Drives 115 Rebuilding Failed Disk Drives 117 Using a Pre-loaded SCSI Drive "As-is" 118 Exiting MegaRAID Configuration Utility 119 MegaRAID Configuration On Disk 119

Chapter 10

Features 123 Starting the WebBIOS Utility on the Host Computer 124 WebBIOS Toolbar Icons 126 Adapter Properties 127 Scan Devices 129 SCSI Channel Properties 129 Logical Drives 130 Physical View/Logical View 138 Configuration Mismatch 139

WebBIOS Configuration Utility 123

Chapter 11 Installing Power Console Plus 143

Features 143 Installing on a and Workstation 145 Installing a Toshiba SNMP Agent 149 MegaRAID Service Monitor 150 De-registering and Re-registering under Power Console Plus 151

Chapter 12 Running Power Console Plus 155

Starting Power Console Plus 155 Power Console Plus Screen Layout 156 Power Console Plus Toolbox Icons 157 Power Console Plus Menus 161 Configuration Menu 161

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Adapter Menu 164 Physical Drive Menu 167 Logical Drive Menu 169 Progress Menu 172 Securing Power Console Plus under Windows 2000 173

Chapter 13 Configuring Arrays and Logical Drives

with Power Console Plus 177

Step 1 Start Power Console Plus 177 Step 2 Choose an Adapter 179 Step 3 Run the Wizard 179 Step 4 Save Configuration and Initialize 184 Assigning Hot Spares 185

Chapter 14 Virtual Sizing and Online Capacity

Expansion 189

Location and Enabling 189 Theory of Operation 189 MegaRAID Drive Characteristics 190 Deleting Logical Drives 190 Adding Capacity to an Array 190

Appendix A SCSI Cables and Connectors 195

SCSI Cables and Connectors 195

Appendix B Audible Warnings 207

Audible Warnings 207

Appendix C MegaRAID Service Monitor 211

Power Console Plus Internal Messages 211 MegaRAID Service Monitor 212 Event Types 212

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Symbols Used in This Guide

Notational Conventions

Icons

The following icons are used in this guide to highlight helpful or educational information:

Label Meaning

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DANGER

CAUTION

NOTE

*1: Bodily harm means a personal injury, burn, or electric shock, which is treated

without staying in or regularly going to hospital.

*2: Physical damage means actual damage to the building, furnishings or animals.

Indicates an imminent danger of causing death or severe injury unless the instruction is observed.

(*1)

Indicates a risk of causing bodily harm damage

Highlights the instructions you should observe to prevent data loss, faults, or performance degradation and technical information you should know about specifications or functions.

(*2)

unless the instruction is observed.

or physical

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Chapter 1

Overview ...............................................................................3

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Overview

The RAID Controller Kit-G is a high-performance, intelligent PCI-to-SCSI host adapter with RAID control capabilities. The RAID Controller Kit-G provides reliability, high performance, and fault-tol erant disk subsystem management.

The RAID Controller Kit-G is part of the Toshiba Intel GC80302-based MegaRAID controller family. The RAID Controller Kit-G is an entry level- to mid-range RAID controller solution. RAID Controller Kit-G offers a cost-effective way to implement RAID in a server.

The RAID Controller Kit-G has a Ultra320 and Wide SCSI channel supporting data transfer rates up to 320 megabytes per second (MB/s) per channel. The SCSI channel supports up to fifteen non-Ultra SCSI devices. The RAID Controller Kit-G includes MegaRAID features and performance.

Features

RAID Controller Kit-G features include:

• A high-performance input/output (I/O) migration path while preserving existing

PCI-SCSI software

• SCSI data transfers up to 320 MB/s

• Synchronous operation on a wide low-voltage differential (LVD) SCSI bus

• Support for up to 15 LVD SCSI devices on the wide bus

• An Intel® GC30302 chip that performs RAID calculations and routing

• Support for 32 or 64 MB of SDRAM on-board cache memory used for read and

write-back caching, and RAID 5 parity generation.

Overview

SCSI Channel

The RAID Controller Kit-G upgrade card includes one Ultra3 SCSI channel. The channel is powered by a Toshiba Corporation 53C1020 Ultra320 SCSI processor.

NVRAM and Flash ROM

A 32 KB x 8 NVRAM stores RAID system configuration information. The RAID Controller Kit-G firmware is stored in flash ROM for easy upgrade.

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Overview

SCSI Connectors

RAID Controller Kit-G has one very high-density 68-pin external connector for external storage subsystem, and one high-density 68-pin internal connector.

Single Ended and Differential SCSI Buses

The SCSI standard defines two electrical buses:

• A single-ended bus

• Low-voltage differential bus

Maximum Cable Length for SCSI Standards

Table 1.1 contains the maximum cable length that you can use depending on the SCSI speeds, and type of device.

Table 1.1 Maximum Cable Length for SCSI Standards

Standard Single ended Low-voltage

Differential

Ultra SCSI 1.5 m 12 m 7 Ultra SCSI 3 m 12 m 3 Wide Ultra SCSI 12 m 15 Wide Ultra SCSI 1.5 m 12 m 7 Wide Ultra SCSI 3 m 12 m 3 Ultra 2 SCSI 25 m 1 Ultra 2 SCSI 12 m 7 Wide Ultra 2 SCSI 25 m 1 Wide Ultra 2 SCSI 12 m 15 Ultra160 SCSI 25m 1 Ultra160 SCSI 12m 7 Wide Ultra160

SCSI Wide Ultra160

SCSI Ultra320 12m 15

25m 1

12m 15

Maximum Number of Drives

Ultra320 20m 1

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SCSI Bus Widths and Maximum Throughput

Table 1.2 contains the SCSI bus widths, and maximum throughput, based on the SCSI speeds.

Table 1.2 SCSI Bus Widths and Maximum Throughput

SCSI Standard SCSI Bus Width SCSI Throughput

Fast Wide SCSI 16 bits 20 MB/s Wide Ultra SCSI 16 bits 40 MB/s Wide Ultra 2 SCSI 16 bits 80 MB/s Wide Ultra 160 SCSI 16 bits 160 MB/s Ultra 320 SCSI 16 bits 320 MB/s

Documentation

The RAID Controller Kit-G documentation set includes:

• The RAID Controller Kit-G Hardware Guide

• The MegaRAI D Configuration Softwar e Guide

• The MegaRAID Operating System Driver Installation Guide

Overview

RAID Controller Kit-G Hardware Guide

The hardware guide for this board contains the RAID overview, RAID planning, and RAID system configuration information you will need first. Read the RAID Controller Kit-G Hardware Guide first.

MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide

This manual describes the software configuration utilities that you can use to configure and modify RAID systems.

MegaRAID Operating System Driver Installation Guide

This manual provides detailed information about ins talling the RAI D Controller Kit -G operating system drivers.

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Overview

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Chapter 2

Introduction to RAID .............................................................9

RAID Controller Kit-G – Host-Based RAID Solution...............................10

RAID Overview ..........................................................................................11

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Introduction to RAID

RAID is an array of multiple independent hard disk drives that provide high performance and fault tolerance. A RAID disk subsystem improves I/O performance over a computer using only a single drive. The RAID array appears to the host computer as a single storage unit or as multiple logical units. I/O is expedited because several disks can be accessed simultaneously. RAID systems improve data storage reliability and fault tolerance compared to single-drive computers. Data loss because of a disk drive failure can be recovered by reconstructing missing data from the remaining data and parity drives.

RAID Benefits

RAID has gained popularity becaus e it improves I/O perf ormance and increases storage subsystem reliability. RAID provides data security through fault tolerance and redundant da ta stora ge. The RAID Co ntroller Kit-G manageme nt soft ware configur es and monitors RAID disk arrays.

Improved I/O

Although disk drive capabilities have improved drastically, actual performance has been improved only three to four times in the last decade. Computing performance has been improved over 50 times during the same time period.

Increased Reliability

The electro-mechanical components of a disk subsystem operate more slowly, require more power, and generate more noise and vibration than electronic devices. These factors reduce the reliability of data stored on disks.

In This Chapte r

Table 2.1 lists the topics discussed in this chapter.

Major Topic Subtopic Turn to

Host-based solution page 10 RAID overview page 11

Table 2.1 Topics in this Chapter

Physical array page 11 Logical drive p age 11 Fault tolerance page 12 Consistency check page 11

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RAID Controller Kit-G – Host-Based RAID Solution

Introduction to RAID

Table 2.1 Topics in this Chapter (Cont inued)

Major Topic Subtopic Turn to

Disk striping page 13 Disk mirroring page 14 Disk spanning page 15 Parity page 16 Hot spares page 16 Hot swap page 16 Disk rebuilds page 17 Logical drive states page 18 SCSI drive states page 18 Disk array types page 19 Enclosure mana ge me nt page 19

RAID Controller Kit-G – Host-Based RAID

Solution

RAID products are either:

• Host-based, or

• External

The RAID Controller Kit-G controller is a h ost - based RAID solution. RAID Controller Kit-G is a PCI adapter card that is installed in any available PCI expansion slot in a host system.

Host-Based

A host-based RAID product puts all of the RAID intelligence on an adapter card that is installed in a network server. A host-based RAID product provides the best performance. RAID Controller Kit-G is part of the file server, so it can transmit data directly across the computer’s buses at data transfer speeds up to 532 MB/s.

The available sequential data transfer rate is determined by the following factors:

• The sustained data transfer rate on the motherboard PCI bus

• The sustained data transfer rate on the GC80302 PCI-to-PCI bridge

• The sustained data transfer rate of the SCSI controller

• The sustained data transfer rate of the SCSI devices

• The number of SCSI channels

• The number of SCSI disk drives

Host-based solutions must provide operating system-specific drivers.

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SCSI-to-SCSI External

A SCSI-to-SCSI External RAID product puts the RAID intelligence inside the RAID chassis and uses a plain SCSI Host Adapter installed in the network server. The data transfer rate is limited to the bandwidth of the SCSI channel. A SCSI-to-SCSI R AID product that has two wide SCSI channels operating at speeds up to 320 MB/s must squeeze the data into a single w ide SCSI (320 MB/s) ch annel back to th e host computer.

In SCSI-to-SCSI RAID produ ct s, th e hard drive subsystem uses on ly a s ing le S CSI ID, which allows you to connect multiple drive subsystems to a single SCSI controller.

RAID Overview

RAID is a collection of specifications that describe a system for ensuring the reliability and stability of data stored on large disk subsystems. A RAID system can be implemented in a number of different versions (or RAID Levels). RAID Controller Kit-G supports standard RAID levels 0, 1 and 5, and RAID levels 10 and 50, special RAID versions supported by RAID Controller Kit-G.

Physical Array

RAID Overview

Introduction to RAID

A RAID array is a collection of physical disk drives governed by the RAID management software. A RAID array appears to the host computer as one or more logical drives.

Logical Drive

A logical drive is a partition in a physical array of disks that is made up o f contiguous data segments on the physical disks . A logical drive can consist of any of the following:

• An entire physical array

• More than one entire physical array

• A part of an array

• Parts of more than one array

• A combination of any two of the above conditions

Consistency Check

In RAID, check consistency verifies the correctness of redundant data in an array. For example, in a system with dedicated pa rity , ch ecki ng consis tency means computing the parity of the data drives and com paring the results to the contents of the dedicated parity drive.

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RAID Overview

Introduction to RAID

Fault Tolerance

Fault tolerance is achieved t hrough co oling fan s, po wer supplies, and the abilit y to hot swap drives. RAID Controller Kit-G provides hot swapping through the hot spare feature. A hot spare drive is an unused online available drive that RAID Controller Kit-G instantly plugs into the system when an active drive fails.

After the hot spare is automatically moved into the RAID subsystem, the failed drive is automatically rebuilt. The RAID disk array continues to handle request while the rebuild occurs.

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Disk Striping

Disk striping writes data across multiple disk drives instead of just one disk drive. Disk striping involves partitioning each drive storage space in to stripe s tha t can var y in size from 2 KB to 128 KB. These stripes are interleaved in a repeated sequential manner. The combined storage space is composed of stripes from each drive. RAID Controller Kit-G supports stripe sizes of 2 KB, 4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB, 32 KB, 64 KB, or 128 KB.

For example, in a four-disk system using only disk striping (as in RAID level 0), segment 1 is written to disk 1, segment 2 is written to disk 2, and so o n. Disk stripin g enhances performance because multiple drives are accessed simultaneously; but disk striping does not provide data redundancy.

RAID Overview

Introduction to RAID

Stripe Width

Stripe width is a measure of the number of disks involved in an array where striping is implemented. For example, a four-disk array with disk striping has a stripe width of four.

Stripe Size

The stripe size is the length of the interleaved data segments that RAID Controller Kit-G writes across multiple drives. RAID Controller Kit-G supports stripe sizes of 2 KB, 4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB, 32 KB, 64 KB, or 128 KB.

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RAID Overview

Introduction to RAID

Disk Mirroring

With mirroring (used in RAID 1), data written to one disk drive is simultaneously written to another disk drive. If one disk drive fails, the contents of the other disk drive can be used to run the sy stem and reconstruct the failed drive. The primary advantage of disk mirroring is that it provides 100% data redundancy. Since the contents of the disk drive are completely written to a second drive, it does not matter if one of the drives fails. Both drives contain the same data at all times. Either drive can act as the operational drive.

Disk mirroring provides 100% redundancy, but is expensive because each drive in the system must be duplicated.

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Disk Spanning

Disk spanning allows multiple disk drives to function like one big drive. Spanning overcomes lack of disk space and simplifies storage management by combining existing resources or adding relativ ely inex pensive resources. For example, four 60 GB disk drives can be combined to appear to the operating system as one single 240 GB drive.

Spanning alone does not provide reliability or performance enhancements. Spanned logical drives must have the same stripe size and must be contiguous. In the following graphic, RAID 1 array is turned into a RAID 10 array.

RAID Overview

Introduction to RAID

Spanning for RAID 10, or RAID 50

Table 2.2 describes spanning for RAID 10, and RAID 50.

Table 2.2 Spanning for RAID 10, or RAID 50

Level Description

10 Configure RAID 10 by spann ing tw o contiguous RA ID 1 l ogical dri ves . The

RAID 1 logical drives must have the same stripe size.

50 Configure RAID 50 by spann ing tw o contiguous RA ID 5 l ogical dri ves . The

RAID 5 logical drives must have the same stripe size.

NOTE: Spanning two contiguous RAID 0 logical drives does not produce a new RAID level or add fault tolerance. It does increase the size of the logical volume and improves performance by doubling the number of spindles.

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Parity

RAID Overview

Introduction to RAID

Parity generates a set of redundancy data from two or more parent data sets. The redundancy data can be used to reconstruct one of the parent data sets. Parity data does not fully duplicate the parent data sets. In RAID, this method is applied to entire drives or stripes across all disk drives in an array.

Table 2.3 describes distributed parity, which is used in RAID 5.

Table 2.3 Distributed Parity

Type Description

Distributed Parity The parity data is distributed across all drives in the

system.

If a single disk drive fails, it can be rebuilt from the parity and the data on the remaining drives.

RAID 5 combines distributed parity with disk striping. Parity provides redundancy for one drive failure without duplicating the contents of entire disk drives, but parity generation can slow the write process.

Hot Spares

Hot Swap

A hot spare is an extra, unused disk drive that is part of the disk subsystem. It is usually in standby mode, ready for service if a drive fails. Hot spares permit you to replace failed drives without system shutdown or user intervention.

RAID Controller Kit-G implements automatic and transparent rebuilds using hot spare drives, providing a high degree of fault tolerance and zero downtime. The RAID Controller Kit -G RAID M a na ge ment software allo ws you t o spe cify physical dri ve s as hot spares. When a hot spare is needed, the RAID Controller Kit-G controller assigns the hot spare that has a capacity closest to and at leas t as great as that of the failed driv e to take the place of the failed drive.

NOTE: Hot spares are employed only in arrays with redundancy, for example, RAID levels 1, 5, 10, and 50.

A hot spare connected to a specific RAID Controller Kit-G controller can be used only to rebuild a drive that is connected to the same controller.

A hot swap is the manual replacement of a defective physical disk unit while the computer is still running. When a new drive has been installed, you must issue a command to rebuild the drive.

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Disk Rebuild

You rebuild a disk drive by recreating the data that had been stored on the drive before the drive failed. Rebuilding can be done only in arrays with data redundancy such as RAID level 1, 5, 10, and 50.

Standby (warm spare) rebuild is employed in a mirrored (RAID 1) system. If a disk drive fails, an identical drive is immediately available. The primary data source disk drive is the original disk drive.

A hot spare can be used to rebuild disk drives in RAID 1, 5, 10, or 50 systems. If a hot spare is not available, the failed disk drive must be replaced with a new disk drive so that the data on the failed drive can be rebuilt.

The RAID Controller Kit-G controller automatically and transparently rebuilds failed drives with user-definable rebuild rates. If a hot spare is available, the rebuild starts automatically when a drive fails. RAID Controller Kit-G automatically restarts the system and the rebuild if the system goes down during a rebuild.

Rebuild Rate

The rebuild rate is the fraction of the compute cycles dedicated to rebuilding failed drives. A rebuild rate of 100 percent m eans the sys tem is totally dedicated t o rebuil ding the failed drive.

RAID Overview

Introduction to RAID

The RAID Controller Kit-G rebuild rate can be configured between 0% and 100%. At 0%, the rebuild is only done if the system is not doing anything else. At 100%, the rebuild has a higher priority than any other system activity.

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RAID Overview

Introduction to RAID

Logical Drive States

Table 2.4 describes the possible states for logical drives.

State Description

Optimal The drive operating condition is good. All configured drives

Degraded The drive operating condition is not o ptimal. One of the

Failed The drive has failed. Offline The drive is not available to RAID Controller Kit-G.

SCSI Drive States

Table 2.5 describes the states that a SCSI hard drive can be in.

State Description

Table 2.4 Logical Drive States

are online.

configured drives has failed or is offline.

Table 2.5 SCSI Drive States

Online (ONLIN)

Ready (READY)

Hot Spare (HOTSP)

Fail (FAIL)

Rebuild (REB)

The drive is functioning normally and is a part of a configured logical drive.

The drive is functioning normally but is not part of a configured logical drive and is not designated as a hot spare.

The drive is powered up and ready for use as a spare in case an online drive fails.

A fault has occurred in the drive placing it out of service.

The drive is being rebuilt with data from a failed drive.

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Disk Array Types

Table 2.6 describes the RAID disk array types.

Type Description

Software-Based The array is managed by software running in a host computer

SCSI-to-SCSI The array controller resides outside of the host computer and

Bus-Based The array controller resides on the bus (for example, a PCI or

RAID Overview

Introduction to RAID

Table 2.6 Disk Array Types

using the host CPU bandwidth. The disadvantages asso ciated with this method are the load on the host CPU and the need for different software for each operating system.

communicates with the host through a SCSI adapter in the host. The array management software runs in the controller. It is transparent to the host and independent of the host operating system. The disadvantage is the limited data transfer rate of the SCSI channel between the SCSI adapter and th e array con troller.

EISA bus) in the host computer and has its own CPU to generate the parity and handle other RAID functi ons. A bus-based controller can transfer data at the speed of the host bus (PCI, ISA, EISA, VL-Bus) but is limited to the bus it is designed for. RAID Controller Kit-G resides on a PCI bus, which can handle data transfer at up to 132 MB/s. With RAID Controller Kit-G, the channel can handle data transfer rates up to 320 MB/s per SCSI channel.

Enclosure Management

Enclosure ma nagement is the inte ll i ge nt mo nit or i ng o f t he d i s k sub s yst e m b y software and/or hardware.

The disk subsystem can be part of the host computer or separate from it. Enclosure management helps you stay informed of events in the disk subsystem, such as a drive or power supply failure. Enclosure management increases the fault tolerance of the disk subsystem.

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RAID Overview

Introduction to RAID

Page 39

Chapter 3

RAID Levels........................................................................23

Page 40

System Configuration Setup

System Configuration SetupSystem Configuration Setup

Setup

Page 41

RAID Levels

RAID Controller Kit-G supports RA ID levels 0, 1, 5, 10, an d 50. This ch apter descri bes the RAID levels, and factors to consider when you select a level.

Table 3.1 RAID Levels

RAID Level Type Turn to

0 Standard page 25 1 Standard page 26 5 Standard page 27 10 RAID Controller Kit-G only page 28 50 RAID Controller Kit-G only page 29

Selecting a RAID Level

RAID Levels

To ensure the best performance, you should select the optimal RAID level when you create a system drive. The optim al RAID level f or your disk array depen ds on a num ber of factors:

• the number of drives in the disk array

• the capacity of the drives in the array

• the need for data redundancy

• the disk performance requirements

Page 42

RAID Levels

Table 3.2 describes the factors you need to consider when selecting a RAID level.

Table 3.2 Factors for Selecting RAID Levels

Level Description and

Use

0 Data divided in

blocks and distributed sequentially (pure strip i ng). Use for noncritical data that requires high performance.

1 Data duplicated

on another disk (mirroring). Use for readintensive faulttolerant systems.

5 Disk striping and

parity data across all drives. Use for high read vo lume but low write volume, such as transaction processing.

Pros Cons Maximum

Number of Physical Drives

High data throughput for large files

100% data redundancy

Achieves data redundancy at low cost

No fault tolerance. All data lost if any drive fails.

Doubles disk space. Reduced performance during rebuilds.

Performance not as good as RAID 1

One to 15 No

Two Yes

Three to 15 Yes

Fault Tolerant

10 Data striping and

mirrored drives.

50 Disk striping and

parity data across all drives.

NOTE: The maximum number of physical drives supported by the SCSI 320-1 controller is 15.

High data transfers, complete redundancy

High data transfers, redundancy

More complicated

Four to 14 (must be a multiple of two)

Six to 15 Yes

Yes

Page 43

RAID 0

RAID Levels

RAID 0 provides disk striping across all drives in the RAID subsystem. RAID 0 does not provide any data redundancy, but does offer the best performance of any RAID level. RAID 0 breaks up data into smaller blocks and then writes a block to each drive in the array. The size of each block is determined by the stripe size parameter, set during the creation of the RAID set. RAID 0 offers high bandwi dth. By breaking up a large file into smaller blocks, RAID Controller Kit-G can use several drives to read or write the file faster. RAID 0 involves no parity calculations to complicate the write operation. This makes RAID 0 ideal for applications that require high bandwidth but do not require fault tolerance.

Uses RAID 0 provides high data th roughput, es pecially for l arge fi les. Any

environment that does not require fault tolerance.

Strong Points Provides increased data throughput for large files. No capacity loss

penalty for parity.

Weak Points Does not provide fault tolerance. All data lost if any drive fails. Drives One to 15

The initiator takes one ID per channel. This leaves 15 IDs available for one channel.

Segment 1 Segment 3

Segment 5 Segment 7

etc.

Segment 2 Segment 4

Segment 6 Segment 8

etc.

Page 44

RAID 1

RAID Levels

In RAID 1, RAID Controller Kit-G duplicates all data from one drive to a second drive. RAID 1 provides complete data redundancy, but at the cost of doubling the required data storage capacity.

Uses Use RAID 1 for small databases or any other environment that

requires fault tolerance but small capacity.

Strong Points RAID 1 provides complete data redundancy. RAID 1 i s ideal f or an y

application that requires fault tolerance and minimal capacity.

Weak Points RAID 1 requires twice as many disk drives. Performance is impaired

during drive rebuilds.

Drives Two.

Page 45

RAID 5

RAID Levels

RAID 5 includes disk striping at the byte level and parity. In RAID 5, the parity information is written to several drives. RAID 5 is best suited for networks that perform a lot of small I/O transactions simultaneously.

RAID 5 addresses the bottleneck issue for random I/O operatio ns. Since each drive contains both data and parity numerous writes can take place concurrently. In addition, robust caching algorithms and hardware based exclusive-or assist make RAID 5 performance exceptional in many different environments.

Uses RAID 5 provides high data throughput, especially for la rge f iles. Us e

RAID 5 for transaction processing applications because each drive can read and write independently. If a drive fails, RAID Controller Kit-G uses the parity drive to recreate all missing information. Use also for office automation and online customer service that requires fault tolerance. Use for any application that has high read request rates ,but low write request rates.

Strong Points Provides data redundancy and good performance in most

environments.

Weak Points Disk drive performance will be reduced if a drive is being rebuilt.

Environments with few processes do not perform as well because th e RAID overhead is not offset by the performance gains in handling simultaneous p rocesses.

Drives Three to 15.

Page 46

RAID Levels

RAID 10

RAID 10 is a com bination of RAID 0 and RAID 1. RAID 10 has m irrored driv es. RA ID 10 breaks up data into smaller blocks, and then stripes the blocks of data to each RAID 1 raid set. Each RAID 1 raid set then duplicates its data to its other drive. The size of each block is determined by the stripe size param eter, which is s et during the creation of the RAID set. RAID 10 can sustain one to four drive failures while maintaining data integrity if each failed disk is in a different RAID 1 array.

Uses RAID 10 works best for data storage that must have 100%

redundancy of mirrored arrays and that also needs the enhanced I/O performance of RAID 0 (striped arrays). RAID 10 works well for medium-sized databases or any environment that requires a higher degree of fault tolerance and moderate to medium capacity.

Strong Points RAID 10 provides both high data transfer rates and complete data

redundancy.

Weak Points RAID 10 requires twice as many drives as all other RAID levels

except RAID 1.

Drives Four to 14.

Page 47

RAID 50

RAID Levels

RAID 50 provides the features of both RAID 0 and RAID 5. RAID 50 includes both parity and disk striping across multiple drives. RAID 50 is best implemented on two RAID 5 disk arrays with data striped across both disk arrays. RAID 50 breaks up data into smaller blocks, and then stripes the blocks of data to each RAID 5 raid s et. RAID 5 breaks up data into smaller blocks, calculates parity by performing an exclusive-or on the blocks, and then writes the blocks of data and parity to each drive in the array. The size of each block is determined by the stripe size parameter, which is set during the creation of the RAID set.

RAID 50 can sustain one to four drive failures while maintaining data integrity if each failed disk is in a different RAID 5 array.

Uses RAID 50 works best when used with data that requires high

reliability, high request rates, and high data transfer and medium to large capacity.

Strong Points RAID 50 provides high data throughput, data redundancy, and very

good performance.

Weak Points Requires 2 to 4 times as many parity drives as RAID 5. Drives Six to 15

The initiator takes one ID per channel. This leaves 15 IDs available for one channel.

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RAID Levels

Page 49

Chapter 4

Features.................................................................................33

Operating System Software Drivers............................................................36

Page 50

Page 51

Features

MegaRAID is a family of high performance intelligent PCI-to-SCSI host adapters with RAID control capabilities. RAID Controller Kit-G has a SCSI channel that supports Ultra320 and Wide SCSI at data transfer rates up to 320 MB/s. The SCSI channel supports up to 15 Wide devices and up to seven non-Wide devices.

In This Chapte r

Topics described in this chapter include:

• New features

• Configurati on features

• Hardware architecture features

• Array performance features

• RAID manage me nt fea t ur es

• Fault tolerance features

• Utility programs

• Software drivers

Features

SMART Technology

The RAID Controller Kit-G self-monitoring analysis and reporting technology (SMART) detects predictable drive failures. SMART monitors the internal performance of all motors, heads, and drive electronics.

Configuration on Disk

Configuratio n on Disk (dr ive roaming) save s configuratio n information both in nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM) on RAID Controller Kit-G and on the d isk drives connected to RAID Controller Kit-G. If RAID Controller Kit-G is replaced, the new RAID Controller Kit-G controller can detect the actual RAID configuration, maintaining the integrity of the data on each drive, even if the drives have changed channel and/or target ID.

Hardware Requirements

RAID Controller Kit-G can be installed in a computer with a motherboard that has 5 volt/3.3 volt PCI expansion slots. The computer must support PCI version 2.2 or later. The computer should have a n Intel Pentiu m, Pentium P ro, or more p owerful CPU, a floppy drive, a color monitor and VGA adapter card, a mouse, and a keyboard.

Page 52

Features

Configuration Features

Table 4.1 contains the configuration features for the RAID Controller Kit-G board.

Specification Feature

RAID levels 0, 1, 5, 10, and 50 SCSI channels 1 Maximum number of dr i v es per channel 15 Array interface to host PCI 2.2 Drive interface Fast and Wide, Ultra320 SE

Upgradeable cache size Cache memory onboard Cache function Write-back, Write-through,

Multiple logical drives/arrays per controller Up to 40 logical drives per

Table 4.1 Configuration Features

and LVD

Adaptive Read Ahead, Non Read Ahead, Read Ahead

controller

Maximum number of RAID Controlle r Kit-G controller per system

Online capacity expansion Yes Hot spare support Yes Flashable firmware Yes Hot swap devices supported Yes Non-disk devices supported Yes Mixed capacity hard disk drives Yes Number of 16-bit internal connectors 1 Number of 16-bit external connectors 1 Support for hard disk drives with capacities of m ore

than 8 GB. Clustering support (Failover control) No Online RAID level migration Yes RAID remapping Yes No reboot necessary after expansion Yes More than 200 Qtags per physical drive Yes

Yes

Hardware clustering support on the board Yes User-specified rebuild rate Yes

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Array Performance Features

Table 4.2 lists the array performance features.

Table 4.2 Array Performance Features

Specification Feature

Host data transfer rate 533 MB/s Drive data transfer rate 320 MB/s Stripe sizes 2 KB, 4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB, 32 KB, 64 KB, or

RAID Management Features

Table 4.3 lists the RAID management features.

Table 4.3 RAID Management Features

Specification Feature

Support for SNMP Yes

128 KB

Features

Performance Monitor provided Yes Remote control and monitoring Yes Event broadcast and event alert Yes Hardware connector RS232C Drive roaming Yes Support for concurrent multiple stripe sizes Yes Windows 2000, XP, and .NET server support usi ng a GU I

client utility

Fault Tolerance Features

Table 4.4 lists the fault tolerance features.

Specification Feature

Support for SMART Yes Enclosure mana ge me nt SAF-TE complia n t Drive failure detection Automatic Drive rebuild using hot spares Automatic

Yes

Table 4.4 Fault Tolerance Features

Parity generation for RAID Hardware

Page 54

Operating System Software Drivers

Features

Software Utilit ies

Table 4.5 lists the software utility features.

Table 4.5 Software Utilities

Specification Feature

Graphical user interface Yes Management utility Yes Online read, write, and cache policy switching Yes

Operating System Software Drivers

Operating System Drivers

RAID Controller Kit-G includes a DOS software configuration utility and drivers for:

• Windows 2000

• Windows .NET

• Windows XP

• Red Hat Linux 7.2, 7.3

• DOS

The DOS drivers for RAID Controller Kit-G are contained in the firmware on RAID Controller Kit-G except the DOS ASPI® and CD drivers. Call your Toshiba original equipment manufacturer (OEM) support representative for information about drivers for other operating systems.

RAID Controller Kit-G Specifications

Table 4. 6 lists the specifications for the RAID Controller Kit-G.

Table 4.6 RAID Controller Kit-G Specifications

Parameter Specification

Card size Half-length PCI Adapter card size (6.875" X 2.5") Processor Intel GC80302 64-bit RISC processor at 100 MHz Bus type PCI 2.2 SCSI controller Toshiba 53C1020 PCI controller Intel GC80302 Bus data transfer rate Up to 532 MB /s BIOS MegaRAID BIOS

Page 55

Operating System Software Drivers

Features

Table 4.6 RAID Controller Kit-G Specifications (Continued)

Parameter Specification

Cache configuration Predefined during manufacturing; ECC through a

66MHz 72-bit unbuffered 3.3V SDRAM.

Firmware 1 MB × 8 flash ROM

Non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM)

Operating voltage 5.00 V ± 0.25 V SCSI controller One SCSI controller for Ultra320 and Wide

SCSI data transfer rate Up to 320 MB/s SCSI bus LVD or single-ended SCSI termination Active, single-ended or LVD Termination disable Automatic through cable and device detection Devices per SCSI channel Up to 15 wide or seven non-wide SCSI devices.

SCSI device types supported S ynchronous or asynchronous. Disk and non-disk. RAID levels supported 0, 1, 5, 10, and 50 SCSI connectors One 68-pin internal high-density connector for

Serial port 3-pin RS232C-compatible berg

32 KB × 8 for storing RAID configuration

support

Up to 6 non-disk SCSI driv es per RAID Controll er Kit-G controller.

16-bit SCSI devices. One very- high density 68-pi n external connector for Ultra and Wide SCSI.

PCI Bridge/CPU

RAID Controller Kit- G uses t he In tel GC80302 PCI bridg e w ith an em bedded 80960J T RISC processor running at 66 MHz. The GC80302 bridge handles data transfers between the primary (host) PCI bus, the secondary PCI bus, cache memory, and the SCSI bus. The DMA controller supports chaining and unaligned data transfers. The embedded 80960JT CPU directs all controller functions, including command processing, SCSI bus trans fers , RA ID proces sing , driv e rebu ilding , cache m anageme nt, and error recovery.

Page 56

Operating System Software Drivers

Features

Cache Memory

RAID Controller Kit-G cache memory resides in an onboard memory bank that uses 2 M x 72 (16 MB), 4 M x 72 (32 MB), 8 M x 72 (64 MB) or 16 M x 72 (128 MB) unbuffered 3.3V SDRAM . Possible configurations are 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128 MB. The maximum achievable memory bandwidth is 528 MB/s.

MegaRAID supports write-through or write-back caching, which can be selected for each logical drive. To improve performance in sequential disk accesses, MegaRAID does not use read-ahead caching for the current log ical drive. The default setting for th e read policy is Normal, meaning no read-ahead caching. You can disable read-ahead caching.

WARNING: Write caching is not recommended for the phy sical drives. When write cache is enabled, loss of data can occur when power is interrupted.

MegaRAID BIOS

The BIOS resides on a 1 MB × 8 flash ROM for easy upgrade. The MegaRAID BIOS supports INT 13h calls to boot DOS without special software or device drivers. The MegaRAID BIOS provides an extensive setup utility that can be accessed by pressing <Ctrl><M> at BIOS initialization. MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility is described in the MegaRAID Config uration Software Guide.

Serial Port

RAID Controller Kit-G in cludes a 3-pin RS232C- compatible se rial port berg conn ector, which can connect to communications devices.

SCSI Bus

RAID Controller Kit-G has a Fast and Wide Ultra320 SCSI channel that supports both LVD and single-ended devices with activ e termination. Sy nchronous and asynch ronous devices are supported. RAID Controller Kit-G provides automatic termination disable using cable detection. The SCSI channel supports up to 15 wide or seven non-wide SCSI devices at speeds up to 320 MB/s. RAID Controller Kit-G supports up to six non-disk devices per controller.

SCSI Connectors

RAID Controller Kit-G has two types of SCSI connectors:

• A 68-pin high density internal connector

• A 68-pin external very-high-density connector

Both connector types can be used for the SCSI channel.

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SCSI Termination

RAID Controller Kit-G uses active termination on the SCSI bus conforming to Alternative 2 of the SCSI-2 specifications. Termination enable/disable is automatic through cable detection.

SCSI Firmware

The RAID Controller Kit-G firmware handles all RAID and SC SI command processing and also supports the features described in Table 4.7.

Feature Description

Disconnect/reconnect Optimizes SCSI bus seek.

Operating System Software Drivers

Table 4.7 SCSI Firmware

Features

Tagged command queuing

Scatter/gather Multiple address/count pairs Multi-threading Up to 255 simultaneous commands with elevator sorting

Stripe size Variable for all logical drives: 2 KB, 4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB,

Rebuild Multiple rebuilds and consistency checks with user-

Multiple tags to improve random access

and concatenation of requests per SCSI channel

32 KB, 64 KB, or 128 KB.

definable priority.

RAID Management

RAID management is provided by software utilities that manage and configure the RAID system and RAID Controller Kit-G, create and manage multiple disk arrays, control and monitor multiple RAID servers, provide error statistics logging, and provide online maintenance. They include:

• BIOS Configuration Utility

• WebBIOS Configuration Utility

• Power Console Plus

MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility

The BIOS Configuration Utility (<Ctrl><M>) is used to configure and maintain RAID arrays, format hard drives, and manage the RAID system. It is independent of any operating system. See the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide for additional information.

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Operating System Software Drivers

Features

WebBIOS Configuration Utility

The WebBIOS Configuration Utility is an HTML-based utility used to configure and maintain RAID arrays, format hard drives, and manage the RAID system. See the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide for additional information.

Power Console Plus

Power Console Pl us runs i n Windows 2000, X P, and .NE T. It conf igures , m onitors , and maintains multiple RAID servers from any network node o r a remote location. See the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide for additional information.

Fault-Tolerance Features

The RAID Controller Kit-G fault-tolerance features are:

• Automatic failed drive detection

• Automatic failed drive rebuild with no user intervention required

• Hot-swap manual replacement without bringing the system down

• SCSI-accessed fault-tolerant enclosure (SAF-TE) compliant enclosure m anagement

Detect Failed Drive

The RAID Controller Kit-G firmware automatically detects and rebuilds failed drives. This can be done transparently with hot spares.

Hot Swap

RAID Controller Kit-G supports the manual replacement of a disk unit in the RAID subsystem without system shutdown.

Compatibility

RAID Controller Kit-G compatibility issues include:

• Server manage ment

• SCSI device compatibility

• Software compatibility

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Server Management

As a simple network management protocol (SNMP) agent, RAID Controller Kit-G supports all SNMP managers.

SCSI Device Compatibility

RAID Controller Kit-G supports SCSI hard drives, CD drives, and tape drives.

Software

All SCSI backup and utility software should work with RAID Controller Kit-G. This software is not provided with RAID Controller Kit-G.

Summary

RAID Controller Kit-G features were discussed in this chapter. Configuring the RAID Controller Kit-G is discussed in Chapter 5.

Operating System Software Drivers

Features

Page 60

Operating System Software Drivers

Features

Page 61

Chapter 5

Configuring RAID Controller Kit-G.........................45

Configuring SCSI Physical Drives...............................................................45

Configuring Logical Drives ......................................................................... 54

Page 62

Page 63

Configuring SCSI Physical Drives

Configuring RAID Contr ol ler Ki t- G

Configuring RAID

Controller Kit-G

Configuring SCSI Physical Drives

SCSI Channel

Physical SCSI drives must be organized into logical drives. The arrays and logical drives that you construct must be able to support the RAID level that you select.

Your RAID Controller Kit-G adapter has one SCSI channel.

Basic Configurat ion Rules

You should o bserve the fol lowing guid elines when co nnecting a nd configuri ng SCSI devices in a RAID array:

• You can place up to 15 physical drives in an array, depending on the RAID level.

• Include all drives that have the same capacity to the same array.

• Make sure any hot spare has a capacity that is at least as large as the largest drive

that may be replaced by the hot spare.

• When replacing a failed drive, make sure that the replacement drive has a capacity

that is at least as large as the drive being replaced.

NOTE: Be sure to back up your data regularly, even when using RAID.

Current Configuration

Use Table 5.1 to record the current configuration for your physical devices.

SCSI ID Device Description Termination?

0 1 2 3 4

Table 5.1 RAID Controller Kit-G Specifications

SCSI Channel 1

Page 64

Configuring SCSI Physical Drives

Configuring RAID Contr ol ler Ki t- G

Table 5.1 RAID Controller Kit-G Specifications (Continued)

SCSI ID Device Description Termination?

5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Logical Drive Configuration

SCSI Channel 1

Use Table 5.2 to record the configuration for your logical drives.

Table 5.2 Logical Drive Configuration

Logical Drive

LD0 LD1 LD2 LD3 LD4 LD5 LD6 LD7 LD8 LD9 LD10 LD11

RAID Level

Stripe Size

Logical Drive Size

Cache Policy

Read Policy

Write Policy

# of Physical Drives

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Configuring SCSI Physical Drives

Configuring RAID Contr ol ler Ki t- G

Table 5.2 Logical Drive Configurat ion (Continued)

Logical Drive

LD12 LD13 LD14 LD15 LD16 LD17 LD18 LD19 LD20 LD21 LD22 LD23 LD24 LD25

RAID Level

Stripe Size

Logical Drive Size

Cache Policy

Read Policy

Write Policy

# of Physical Drives

LD26 LD27 LD28 LD29 LD30 LD31 LD32 LD33 LD34 LD35 LD36 LD37 LD38 LD39

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Configuring SCSI Physical Drives

Configuring RAID Contr ol ler Ki t- G

Physical Device Layout

Use Table 5.3 to record the physical device layout.

Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number

Table 5.3 Physical Device Layout

Channel 1

Page 67

Table 5.3 Physical Device Layout (Continued)

Configuring SCSI Physical Drives

Configuring RAID Contr ol ler Ki t- G

Channel 1

Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level Target ID Device Type Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number Manufacturer/Model Number Firmware level

Page 68

Configuring SCSI Physical Drives

Configuring RAID Contr ol ler Ki t- G

Table 5.3 Physical Device Layout (Continued)

Channel 1

Page 69

Configuring Arrays

Organize the physical disk drives in arrays after the drives are connected to RAID Controller Kit-G, formatted, and initialized. An array can consist of up to 15 physical drives, depending on the RAID level.

RAID Controller Kit-G supports up to eight arrays. The number of drives in an array determines the RAID levels that can be supported.

Arranging Arrays

You must arrange the arrays to provide additional organization for the drive array. You must arrange arrays so that you can create system drives that can function as boot devices.

You can sequentially arrange arrays with an identical number of drives so that the drives in the group are spanned. Spanned drives can be treated as one large drive. Data can be striped across multiple arrays as one logical drive.

You can create spanned drives by using the MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility.

Configuring SCSI Physical Drives

Configuring RAID Contr ol ler Ki t- G

Creating Hot Spares

Any drive that is present, formatted, and initialized but is not included in a array or logical drive is automatically designated as a hot spare.

You can also designate drives as hot spares using the MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility or Power Console Plus.

Creating Logical Drives

Logical drives are arrays or spanned arrays that are presented to the operating system. You must create one or more logical drives.

The logical drive capacity can include all or any portion of an array. The logical drive capacity can also be larger than an array by using spanning. RAID Controller Kit-G supports up to 40 logical drives.

Configuration Strategies

The most important factors in RAID array configuration are drive capacity, drive availability (fault tolerance), and drive performance. You cannot configure a logical drive that optimizes all three factors, but it is easy to choose a logical drive configuration that maximizes one factor at the expense of the other two factors, although needs are seldom that simple.

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Configuring SCSI Physical Drives

Configuring RAID Contr ol ler Ki t- G

Maximize Capacity

RAID 0 achieves maximum drive capacity, but does not provide data redundancy. Maximum drive capacity for each RAID level is shown below. Original equipment manufacturer-level (OEM) firmware that can span up to four logical drives is assum ed.

Table 5.4 describes the RAID levels, including the number of drives required, and the capacity.

Table 5.4 Capacity for RAID Levels

RAID Level

0 Striping

1 Mirroring 2 (Capacity of smallest disk) X (1)

5 Striping with

10 Mirroring

50 RAID 5 and

Description

without parity

floating parity drive

and striping

striping

NOTE: The maximum number of physical drives supported per controller is 15.

Drives Required

1 – 15 (Number of disks) X (capacity of smallest

3 – 15 (Number of disks) X (capacity of smallest

4 – 14 (Must be a multiple of 2.)

6 – 15 (Must be a multiple of the number of arrays.)

Capacity

disk)

disk) - (capacity of 1 disk)

(Number of disks) X (capacity of smallest disk) / (2)

(Number of disks) X (capacity of smallest disk) – (capacity of 1 disk X number of arrays)

Maximizing Drive Availability

You can maximize the availability of data on the physical disk drive in the logical array by maximizing the level of fault tolerance. Table 5.5 describes the fault tolerance available for each RAID level.

Table 5.5 Fault Tolerance for RAID Levels

RAID Level Fault Tolerance Protection

0 No fault tolerance. 1 Disk mirroring, which provides 100% data redundancy.

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Configuring SCSI Physical Drives

Configuring RAID Contr ol ler Ki t- G

Table 5.5 Fault Tolerance for RAID Levels ( Continued)

RAID Level Fault Tolerance Protection

5 100% protection through striping and parity. The data is striped and

parity data is written across a number of physical disk drives. 10 100% protection through data mirroring. 50 100% protection through data striping and parity. All data is striped

and parity data is written across all drives in two or more arrays.

Maximizing Drive Performance

You can configure an array for optimal performance; however, optimal drive configuration for one type of application will probably not be optimal for any other application. A basic guideline of the performance characteristics f or RAID driv e arrays at each RAID level is shown in Table 5.6.

Table 5.6 Performance Characteristics for RAID Levels

RAID Level Performance Characteristics

0 Excellent for all types o f I/O acti vit y, b ut provides no data security. 1 Provides data redundancy and good performance. 5 Provides data redundancy and good performance in most

environments. 10 Provides data redundancy and excellent performance. 50 Provides data redundancy and very good performance.

Assigning RAID Levels

Only one RAID level can be assigned to each logical drive. Table 5.7 lists the drives required per RAID level.

Table 5.7 Number of Physical Drives for RAID Levels

RAID Level Minimum Number of Physical

Drives

01 15 12 2 53 15 10 4 14 50 6 15

NOTE: The maximum number of physical drives supported by the controller is 15.

Maximum Number of Physical Drives

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Configuring Logical Drives

Configuring RAID Contr ol ler Ki t- G

Configuring Logical Drives

After you have installed the RAID Controller Kit-G co ntroller i n the serve r and have attached all physical drives, perform the following steps to prepare a RAID disk array:

1. Opti mize the RAID Controller Kit-G controller options for your system. See Chapter 6 for additional information.

2. Perform a low-level format on the SCSI drives that will be included in the array and the drives to be used for hot spares.

3. P ress <Ctrl><M> to run the Mega RAID Manager.

4. Define and configure one or more logical drives by selecting Easy Configuration or New Configuration to customize the RAID array.

5. Create and configure one or more system drives (logical drives) by selecting the RAID level, cache policy, read policy, and write policy.

6. Save the configuration.

7. Initialize the system drives.

After initialization, you can install the operating system.

Optimizing Da ta Storage

Data Access Requirements

Each type of data stored in the disk subsystem has a different frequency of read and write activity. If you know the data access requirements, you can more successfully determine a strategy for optimizing the disk subsystem capacity, availability, and performance.

Servers that support Video on Demand typically read the data often, but write data infrequently. Both the read and write operations tend to be long. Data stored on a general-purpose file server involves relatively short read and write operations with relatively small files.

Array Functions

You must first define the major purpose of the disk arra y. Will this d isk array increase the system storage capacity for general-purpose file and print servers? Does this disk array support any software system that must be available 24 hours per day? Will the information stored in this disk array contain large audio or video files that must be available on demand? Will this disk array contain data from an imaging system?

You must identify the pu rpos e of t h e dat a t o be st ored i n th e di s k su bsy stem bef ore you can confidently choose a RAID level and a RAID configuration.

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Planning the Array Configuration

Fill out Table 5.8 to help plan the array.

Table 5.8 Factors for Planning the Array Configuration

Factor Answer

Number of physical disk drives in the array Purpose of this array. Rank the following factors: Maximize drive capacity Maximize the safety of the data (fault tolerance) Maximize hard drive performance and throughput Number of hot spares Amount of cache memory installed on RAID Controller Kit-G Are all of the hard drives and the server protected by an

uninterruptible power supply (UPS)?

Configuring Logical Drives

Configuring RAID Contr ol ler Ki t- G

Using the Array Configuration Planner

Table 5.9 lists the possible RAID levels, fault tolerance, and effective capacity for all possible drive configurations for an array consisting of one to eight drives. This table does not take into account any hot spare (stan dby) drives. You should always have a hot spare drive in case of drive failure. RAID 1 requires two drives. RAID 10 requires at least four drives, while RAID 50 requires at least six drives.

Array Configuration Planner

Use Table 5.9 to plan the configuration for your arrays.

Table 5.9 Array Configuratio n Planner

Number of Drives

1 None Excellent No 100% 1 RAID 0 Excellent No 100% 2 None Excellent No 100% 2 RAID 0 Excellent No 100% 2 RAID 1 Good Yes 50% 3 None Excellent No 100% 3 RAID 0 Excellent No 100%

Possible RAID Levels

Relative Performance

Fault Tolerance

Effective Capacity

3 RAID 5 Good Yes 67%

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Configuring Logical Drives

Configuring RAID Contr ol ler Ki t- G

Table 5.9 Array Configuratio n Planner ( C ontinued)

Number of Drives

4 None Excellent No 100% 4 RAID 0 Excellent No 100% 4 RAID 5 Good Yes 75% 4 RAID 10 Good Yes 50% 5 None Excellent No 100% 5 RAID 0 Excellent No 100% 5 RAID 5 Good Yes 80% 6 None Excellent No 100% 6 RAID 0 Excellent No 100% 6 RAID 5 Good Yes 83% 6 RAID 10 Good Yes 50% 6 RAID 50 Good Yes 67% 7 None Excellent No 100% 7 RAID 0 Excellent No 100% 7 RAID 5 Good Yes 86%

Possible RAID Levels

Relative Performance

Fault Tolerance

Effective Capacity

8 None Excellent No 100% 8 RAID 0 Excellent No 100% 8 RAID 5 Good Yes 87% 8 RAID 10 Good Yes 50% 8 RAID 50 Good Yes 75%

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Chapter 6

Hardware Installation .......................................................... 59

Installation Steps ....................................................................................... 60

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Hardware Installation

Requirements

You must have the fol lowing for hardware inst a ll ati o n:

• A RAID Controller Kit-G controller

• A host computer with an available PCI expansion slot

• The RAID Controller Kit-G Installation CD

• The necessary SCSI cables and terminators (This depends on the number and type

of SCSI devices to be attached.)

• An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for the entire system

• Ultra320, Ultra, Fast SCSI 2 or Wide SCSI hard disk drives

Optional Equipment

You may also want to install SCSI cables that connect RAID Controller Kit-G to external SCSI devices.

Checklist

Table 6.1 provides a checklist of the steps for installation.

Table 6.1 Checklist for Installation

Check Step Action

1 Turn all power off to the server and all hard disk drives, enclosures,

and system, components.

2 Prepare the host system. See the host system technical

documentation. 3 Determine the SCSI ID and SCSI ter minatio n requirements. 4 Make sure the jumper settings on the RAID Controller Kit-G

controller are correct. 5 Install the MegaRAID in the server and attach the SCSI cables and

terminators as needed. Make sure pin 1 on the cable matches pin 1

on the connector. Make sure that the SCSI cables you use conform

to all SCSI specifications. 6 Perform a safety check. Make sure all cables are properly attached.

Make sure the MegaRAID card is properly installed. Turn power

on after completing the safety check. 7 Install and configure the MegaR AI D software utilities and drivers.

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Check Step Action

8 Format the hard disk drives as needed. 9 Configure system drives (logical drives). 10 Initialize the logical drives. 11 Install the network operating system drivers as needed.

Installation Steps

RAID Controller Kit-G provides extensive customization options. If you need only basic RAID Controller Kit-G features and your computer does not use other adapter cards with resource settings that may conflict with RAID Controller Kit-G settings, even custom installation can be quick and easy.

Table 6.2 lists the installation steps. Each step is describ ed in detail in the following pages.

Table 6.2 RAID Controller Kit-G Installation Steps

Table 6.1 Checklist for Installation (Continued)

Step Action Additional Information

1 Unpack the MegaRAID controller and

inspect for damage. Make sure all items are in the package.

2 Turn the computer off, remove the power

cord and remove the cover.

3 Make sure the motherboard jumper

settings are correct.

4 Check the jumper settings on the RAID

Controller Kit-G controller. 5 Set SCSI termination. 6 I nstall the RAID Controller Kit-G card. 7 Connect the SCSI cables to SCSI devices. 8 Set the tar get IDs for the SCSI devices. 9 Replace the computer cover and turn the

power on.

10 Run the MegaRAID BIOS Config uration

Utility.

If damaged, call your Toshiba OEM support representative.

See page 43 for the RAID Controller Kit-G jumper settings.

Be sure the SCSI devices are powered up before or at the same time as the host computer.

Optional.

11 Install software drivers for the desired

operating systems.

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Step 1 Unpack

Unpack and install the hardware in a static-free environment. The RAID Controller Kit-G controller card is packed inside an anti-static bag between two sponge sheets. Remove the controller card and inspect it for damage. If the card appears dam aged, or if any item listed below is missing, contact Toshiba or your MegaRAID OEM support representative. The RAID Controller Kit-G controller is also shipped with the following:

• The MegaRAI D Configuration Softwar e Guide (on CD)

• The MegaRAID Operating System Driver Installation Guide (on CD)

• The RAID Controller Kit-G Hardware Guide (on CD)

• The software license agreement (on CD)

• The RAID Controller Kit-G configuration utilities for DOS (on CD)

• The warranty registration card

Step 2 Power Down

Turn off the computer and remove the cover. Make sure the computer is turned off and disconnected from any networks before installing the controller card.

Installation Steps

Hardware Installation

Step 3 Configure Motherboard

Make sure the motherboard is configured correctly for RAID Controller Kit-G. RAID Controller Kit-G is essentially a SCSI controller. Each RAID Controller Kit-G card you install requires an available PCI IRQ. The IRQ is assigned automatically.

Step 4 Set Jumpers

Make sure the jumper settings on the RAID Controller Kit-G card are correct. Table 6.3 describes the jumpers.

Table 6.3 Jumpers for the RAID Controller Kit-G

Connector Description Type

J2 Dirty cache LED 2-pin header J3 Clears EPROM 2-pin header J4 BIOS enable 2-pin header J5 SCSI activity LED 2-pin connector J6 Serial port 3-pin header J8 Battery ba ckup unit (BBU) daug ht er card

connector

J9 SCSI bus termination power 2-pin header

40-pin header

J10 SCSI bus termination enable control 3-pin header

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RAID Controller Kit-G Card Layout

J2 Dirty Cache LED

J2 is a two-pin connector for the dirty cache LED. This can be connected to an LED on the computer enclosure. The LED will be lit when data in the cache has not yet been written to the storage device. that is used to clear the configuration data in the nonvolatile random access memory.

J3 Clears EPROM

J3 is a two-pin header that clears the erasable progammable read-only memory (EPROM) configuration data.

J4 BIOS Enable

J4 is a 2-pin header whi ch en abl es or di sa bles Meg a RA ID on board BIOS . The onboard BIOS should be enabled (J4 unjumpered) for normal board position.

Table 6.4 Pinout for J4 BIOS Enable

J4 Setting Onboard BIOS Status

Unjumpered Enabled Jumpered Disabled

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J5 SCSI Activity LED

J5 is a two-pin connector that attaches to a cable that connects to the hard disk LED mounted on the computer enclosure. The LED indicates data transfers (SCSI bus activity.)

Table 6.5 Pinout for J5 SCSI Acti vity LED

Pin Description Pin Description

1 VCC through pullup 2 SCSI activity signal

J6 Serial Port

J6 is a 3-pin header that attaches to a serial cable. This is for test purposes only.

Table 6.6 Pinout for J6 Serial Port

Pin Signal Description Pin Signal Description

1 RXD 2 TXD 3 GND

J8 Connector for optional BBU daughter card

J8 is a 40-pin connector that is used to mount an optional batter y backup (BBU) unit that is on a daughtercard.

J9 SCSI Bus Termination Power

J9 is a 2-pin jumper. The factory se tting is Pins 1-2 shorted. Leave at the def ault s etting (jumper installed) for J9 to allow the PCI bus to provide termination power.

J10 Termination Enable

J10 is a three-pin header that specifies hardware or software control of SCSI termination. Leave at the default setting (jumper on pins 1 and 2) to allow the MegaRAID controller to automatically set its own SCSI termination.

Table 6.7 Pinout for J10 Termination Enable

Type of SCSI Termination J8 Setting

Software control of SCSI termination using drive detection. Short Pins 1-2 Permanently disable all onboard SCSI termination. Short Pins 2-3 Permanently enable all onboard SCSI termination. OPEN

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Hardware Installation

Step 5 Set Termination

You must terminate the SCSI bus properly. Set termination at both ends of the SCSI cable. The SCSI bus is an electrical transmission line and must be terminated properly to minimize reflections and losses.

For a disk array, set SC SI bus termination so t hat removing o r adding a SCSI de vice does not disturb termination. An easy way to do this is to connect the card to one end of the SCSI cable and to connect a terminator module at the other end of the cable. The connectors between the two ends can connect SCSI devices. Disable termination on the SCSI devices. See the manual for each SCSI device to disable termination.

SCSI Termination

The SCSI bus is an electrical transmission line and it must be ter minated properly to minimize reflections and losses. You complete the SCSI bus by setting termination at both ends.

You can let the card automatically provide SCSI termination at one end of the SCSI bus . You can terminate the other end of the SCSI bus by attaching an external SCSI terminator module to the end of the cable or by attaching a SCSI device that internally terminates the SCSI bus at the end of the SCSI channel.

Selecting a Terminator

Use standard external SCSI terminators on a SCSI channel operating at 10 MB/s or higher synchronous data transfer.

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Terminating Internal SCSI Disk Arrays

Set the termination so that SCSI termination and termination power are intact when any hard drive is removed from a SCSI channel , as shown bel ow.

Installation Steps

Hardware Installation

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Terminating External Disk Arrays

In most array enclosures, the end of the SCSI cable has an independent SCSI terminator module that is not part of any SCSI drive. In this way, SCSI termination is not disturbed when any drive is removed, as shown below:

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Terminating Internal and External Disk Arrays

You can use both internal and external drives with RAID Controller Kit-G. You still must make sure that the proper SCSI termination and termination power is preserved, as shown below:

Installation Steps

Hardware Installation

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Hardware Installation

Connecting Non-Disk SCSI Devices

SCSI tape drives, and CD drives must each have a unique SCSI ID regardless of the SCSI channel they are attached to. The general rule for Unix systems is:

• Tape drive set to SCSI ID 2

• CD drive set to SCSI ID 5

WARNING: Since all non-disk SCSI devices are single ended, it is not advisable to attach a non-disk device to a RAID Controller Kit-G if LVD disk drives are also attached. This is because the SCSI bus will then operate in single-ended mode.

RAID Controller Kit-G

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Step 6 Install RAID Controller Kit-G

Choose a 3.3 V or 5 V PCI slot and alig n the RAID Con troller Kit- G controller card bu s connector to the slot. Press down gently, but firmly to make sure that the card is properly seated in the slot. The bottom edge of the controller card should be flush with the slot.

Installation Steps

Hardware Installation

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Installation Steps

Hardware Installation

Insert the RAID Controller Kit-G card in a PCI slot as shown below. Screw the bracket to the computer frame.

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Step 7 Connect SCSI Cables

Connect SCSI cables to SCSI devices. RAID Controller Kit-G provides two SCSI connectors: J1, the SCSI channel internal high-density 68-pin connector for Wide (16bit) SCSI and J7, the SCSI channel external very high-density 68-pin connector.

Connect SCSI Devices

When connecting SCSI devices, use the procedure in Table 6.8.

Table 6.8 Procedure for Connecting SCSI Devices

Step Action

1 Disable termination on any SCSI device that does not sit at the end of the

SCSI bus. 2 Configure all SCSI devices to supply TermPWR. 3 Set proper target IDs (TIDs) for all SCSI devices. 4 The cable length can be up to 20 meters.

Cable Suggestions

System throughput problems can occur if SCSI cable use is not maximized. You should:

• You can use cables up to 12 meters for LVD devices.

• For single-ended SCSI devices, use the shortest SCSI cables.

• Use active termination.

• Avoid clustering the cable nodes.

• Cable stub length should be no more than 0.1 meter (4 inches.)

• Route SCSI cables carefully.

• Use high impedance cables.

• Use flat cables for inside th e enclosure, an d roun d, shielded cables f or ou tside of the

enclosure.

• Ribbon cables have fairly good cross-talk rejection characteristics.

Installation Steps

Hardware Installation

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Step 8 Set Target IDs

Set target identifiers (TIDs) on the SCSI devices. Each device in a specific SCSI channel must have a unique TID in that channe l. Non- disk dev ices (C D-ROM or tapes ) should have unique SCSI IDs regardless of the channel where they are connected. See the documentation for each SCSI device to set the TIDs. The RAID Controller Kit-G controller automatically occupies TID 7 in the SCSI channel. Eight-bit SCSI devices can only use the TIDs from 0 to 6. 16-bit devices can use the TIDs from 0 to 15. The arbitration priority for a SCSI device depends on its TID.

Table 6.9 lists the installation steps. Each step is describ ed in detail in the following pages.

Priority Highest Lowest

Table 6.9 Target IDs

TID 7 6 5

IMPORTANT: Non-disk devices (CD-ROM or tapes) should have unique SCSI IDs regardless of the channel they are connected to.

2101514…98

…

Example of RAID Controller Kit-G ID Mapping

Table 6.10 provides an example of ID mapping for the RAID Controller Kit-G.

Table 6.10 Example of Mapping for RAID Controller Kit-G

ID Channel 1

0A1-1 1A2-1 2CD 3A2-5 4CD 5A4-1 6 Optical 7 Reserved 8A5-2 9A5-6 10 A6-1 11 A6-4 12 A6-7 13 A7-2

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Table 6.10 Example of Mapping for SCSI 320-1 (Continued)

ID Channel 1

14 A7-5 15 A7-8

Target IDs as Presented to the Operating System

Table 6.11 shows the target IDs as presented to the operating system.

Table 6.11 Target IDs as Presented to the Operating System

ID LUN Device ID LUN Device

0 0 Disk (A1-X) 1 0 0 1 Disk (A2-X) 2 0 CD 0 2 Disk (A3-X) 3 0 Tape 0 3 Disk (A4-X) 4 0 CD 0 4 Disk (A5-X) 5 0 Tape

0 5 Disk (A6-X) 6 0 0 6 Disk (A7-X) 0 7 Disk (A8-X)

Step 9 Power Up

Replace the computer cover and reconnect the AC power cords. Turn power on to the host computer. Set up the power supplies so that the SCSI devi ces are powered up at the same time as or before the host computer. If the computer is powered up before a SCSI device, the device might not be recognized.

During boot, the RAID Controller Kit-G BIOS message appears:

RAID Controller Kit-G Disk Array Adapter BIOS Version x.xx date Copyright (c) Toshiba Corporation Firmware Initializing... [ Scanning SCSI Device ...(etc.)... ]

The firmware takes several seconds to initialize. During this time the adapter will scan the SCSI channel. When ready, the following appears:

Host Adapter-1 Firmware Version x.xx DRAM Size 16 MB 0 Logical Drives found on the Host Adapter 0 Logical Drives handled by BIOS Press <Ctrl><M> to run RAID Controller Kit-G BIOS Configuration Utility

The <Ctrl><M> utility prompt times out after several seconds. T he RAID Controller Kit-G host adapter (controller) number, firmware version, and cache DRAM size are displayed in the second portion of th e BIOS message. The numbering of the con t rollers follows the PCI slot scanning order used by the host motherboard.

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Step 10 Run MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility

Press <Ctrl><M> to run the MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility. See the MegaRAID Con figuratio n Software Guid e for infor mation abo ut running M egaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility.

Step 11 Install the Operating System Driver

MegaRAID can operate under MS-DOS® or any DOS-compatible operating system using the standard AT BIOS INT 13h Hard Disk Drive interface. To operate with other operating systems, you must install software drivers. MegaRAID provides software drivers on the Driver and Documentation CD for the following operating systems:

• MS-DOS version 6.xx or later

• Microsoft Windows 2000, XP, .NET

• Red Hat Linux 7.2, 7.3

NOTE: Refer to the MegaRAID Driver Installation Guide for the procedures used to install operating system drivers.

IMPORTANT: When booting the system from a drive connected to a MegaRAID controller and using EMM386.EXE, MEGASPI.SYS must be loaded in CONFIG.SYS before EMM386.EXE is loaded. If you do not do this, you cannot access the boot drive after EMM386 is loaded.

DOS ASPI Driver

The ASPI® driver can be used under DOS, and Windows. The DOS ASPI driver supports:

• Up to six non-disk SCSI devices (each SCSI device must use a unique SCSI ID

regardless of the SCSI channel it resides on. SCSI IDs 1 through 6 are valid

• Up to six MegaRAID adapters (you should only configure one MegaRAID adapter

per system if possible)

ASPI Driver

The ASPI driver is MEGASPI.SYS. It supports disk driv es, tape driv es, CD driv es, etc. You can use it to run CorelSCSI, Novaback, PC Tools, an d oth er s oftw are th at requ ires an ASPI driver. CorelSCSI, Novaback, and PC Tools are not provided with the MegaRAID controller. Copy MEGASPI.SYS to your hard disk drive. Add the following line to CONFIG.SYS. MEGASPI.SYS must be loaded in CONFIG.SYS before EMM386.EXE is loaded:

device=<path>\MEGASPI.SYS /v

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Parameters

Table 6.12 describes the MEGASPI.SYS parameters.

Table 6.12 MEGASPI.SYS Pa rameters

Parameter Description

/h INT 13h support is not provided. /v Verbose mode. All message are displayed on the screen. /a Physical drive access mode. Permits access to physical drives. /q Quiet mode. All message except error message are suppressed.

CD Driver

A device driver is provided with RAID Con trol le r Ki t-G for CD drives operating under DOS, and Windows. The driver filename is MEGACDR.SYS.

The MEGASPI.SYS ASPI man age r must be added to th e C ONFIG.S YS file before y ou can install the CD device driver. See the instructions on the previous pag e for adding the MEGASPI.SYS driver. Copy MEGACDR.SYS to the root directory of the C: drive. Add the following line to CONFIG.SYS; make sure it is preceded by the line for MEGASPI.SYS:

DEVICE=C:\MEGACDR.SYS

Summary

Add the following to AUTOEXEC.BAT. Make sure it precedes the SMARTDRV.EXE line.

MSCDEX /D:MSCD001

MSCDEX is the CD drive extension file that is supplied with MS-DOS and PC-DOS Version 5.0 or later. See your DOS manual for the command line parameters for MSCDEX.

This chapter discussed hardware installation. Configure the RAID system using the software configuration utilities. See the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide for all information about RAID Controller Kit-G software utilities. Table 6.13 shows the utility programs for configuring RAID Controller Kit-G.

Table 6.13 Configuratio n Utilities and Operating Systems

Configuration Utility Operating System

MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility

Power Console Plus Windows 2000

Independent of the operating system

Windows XP Windows .NET

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Chapter 7

Troubleshooting...................................................................79

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Troubleshooting

Table 7.1 lists the problems that can occur, along with suggested solutions.

Table 7.1 General Problems

Problem Suggested Solution

Troubleshooting

Some operating systems do not load in a computer with a RAID Controller Kit-G adapter.

One of the hard drives in the array fails often.

Pressed <Ctrl><M>. Ran Megaconf.exe and tried to make a new configuration. The system hangs when scanning devices.

Multiple drives connected to RAID Controller Kit-G using the same power supply. There is a problem spinning the drives all at once.

Check the system BIOS configuration for PCI interrupt assi gnments. Make sure some Interrupts are assigned for PCI.

Initialize the logical drive before installing the operating system.

Check the drive error c ounts using Power Console Plus.

Format the drive. Rebuild the drive If the drive continues to fail, replace the drive

with another drive with the same capacity. Check the drives IDs on each channel to make

sure each device has a different ID. Check the termination. The device at the end of

the channel must be terminated. Replace the drive cable. Set the drives to spin on command. This will

allow RAID Controller Kit-G to spin two devices simultaneously.

Pressing <Ctrl><M> or running megaconf.exe does not display the Management Menu.

Cannot flash or update the EEPROM.

These utilities require a color monitor.

You may need a new EEPROM.

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Troubleshooting

Table 7.1 General Problems (Continued)

Problem Suggested Solution

Firmware Initializing...

appears and remains on the screen.

What SCSI IDs can a non-hard disk device have and what is maximum number allowed per adapter?

Make sure that TERMPWR is being properly provided to each peripheral device populated channel.

Make sure that each end of the channel chain is properly terminated using the recommended terminator type for the peripheral device. The channel is automatically terminated at the RAID Controller Kit-G card if only one cable is connected to a channel.

Make sure (on a channel basis) only two types of cables are connected at any one time.

Make sure that the RAID Controller Kit-G controller is properly seated in the PCI slot.

Non-hard disk devices can accommodate only SCSI IDs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, regardless of the channel used . A maximum of six non-ha rd disk devices are supported per RAID Controller KitG adapter.

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BIOS Boot Error Messages

Table 7.2 lists the BIOS boot error messages, problems, and suggested solutions.

Message Probl em Suggested Solution

Troubleshooting

Table 7.2 BIOS Boot Error Messages

Adapter BIOS Disabled. No Logical Drives Handled by BIOS

Host Adapter at Baseport xxxx Not Responding

No RAID Controller KitG Adapter

Configuration of NVRAM and drives mismatch.

Run View/Add Configuration option of Configuration Utility.

Press any key to run the Configuration Utility.

The MegaRAID BIOS is disabled. Sometimes the BIOS is disabled to prevent booting from the BIOS.

The BIOS cannot communicate with the adapter firmware.

The configuration stored in the RAID Controller Kit-G adapter does not match the configuration stored in the drives.

Enable the BIOS using the MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility.

Make sure RAID Controller Kit-G is properly installed.

Press a key to run

MegaRAID Manager.

Choose View/Add Configuration from the Configure menu.

Use View/Add Configuration to examine both the configuration in NVRAM and the configurat ion stored on the disk drives. Resolve the problem by selecting one of the configurations.

1 Logical Drive Failed A logical drive failed to

sign on.

Make sure all physical drives are properly connected and are powered on.

Run MegaR AID Manager to find out if any physical drives are not responding. Reconnect, replace, or rebuild any drive that is not responding.

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Troubleshooting

Table 7.2 BIOS Boot Error Messages (Continued)

Message Probl em Suggested Solution

X Logical Drives Degraded

1 Logical Drive Degraded

The following SCSI IDs are not responding:

Channel x:a.b.c

x number of logical drives signed on in a degraded state.

A logical drive signed on in a degraded state.

The physical drives with SCSI IDs a, b, and c are not responding on SCSI channel x.

Make sure all physical drives are properly connected and are powered on.

Run MegaR AID Manager to find if any physical drives are not responding. Reconnect, replace, or rebuild any drive that is not responding.

Make sure all physical drives are properly connected and are powered on.

Run MegaR AID Manager to find out if any physical drives are not responding. Reconnect, replace, or rebuild any drive that is not responding.

Make sure the physical drives are properly connected and are powered on.

Toshiba 560S User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Preface

Package Contents

Technical Support

MegaRAID Problem Report Form

Logical Drive Configuration

Physical Device Layout

Disclaimer

Table of Contents

Symbols Used in This Guide

Notational Conventions

Icons

RAID Overview

Operating System Software Drivers

Configuring SCSI Physical Drives

Configuring Logical Drives

Installation Steps