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Commercial Products
Hydraulic
PART NO. 99051SL
Filters
OEM Vs. Will-Fit
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1 Hydraulic Oil Filters
Table of Contents
Contamination ................................................................................................................. 2
Filter comparison ............................................................................................................. 4
Filter Ratings ................................................................................................................... 4
Use of This Manual
The information contained in this manual is supplementary to material found in other
sources, it is not a replacement for them. You should always consult Service Manuals,
Service Bulletins, Operator’s Manuals and Parts Books when necessary.
Service Manual Updates and Service Bulletins can be found on the internet at:
www.toro.com/golf/custsvc.html
This Manual and the training program, which it supports, are both designed to help you
gain knowledge of the product, and to inform you of when and why to make the necessary
repairs. We have also included tips for performing those repairs.
This program is designed for you. Your input and participation is appreciated.
There is plenty of space in this manual for you to add your own notes and observations
TORO® Service Training
Page 4
2 Hydraulic Oil Filters
There are a lot of filter suppliers currently
manufacturing and selling filters for turf mowing
Hydraulic Filters
OEM vs. Will Fit
Commercial Products
equipment. Through this program we will try to
explain the differences between "will-fit" filters and
genuine OEM filters.
Contamination Causes Most Hydraulic
System Failures
• Over 75% of all Hydraulic System failures are a
direct result of contamination.
• Increased repair cost resulting from:
– Loss of Production (down time)
– Component Replacement Costs
– More Frequent Fluid Replacement (And Disposal)
How Contamination Damages
Hydraulic Systems
• Contamination interferes with the four main
functions of the Hydraulic Fluid.
– To Act
– To Lubricate Moving Parts.
– To Act as a Heat Transfer.
– To Seal Small Clearances.
as an Energy Transmission Medium.
First lets look at hydraulic system failures. It is
believed that over 75% of all hydraulic system
failures are caused by contamination.
These failures cost your business money through
lost production, the unit is down.
There is cost associated with replacing the failed
component.
And if the oil is contaminated to the point that it
needs to be replaced early, that to will add
additional operating costs.
All of these costs can be avoided by properly
maintaining the equipment and keeping the
hydraulic oil clean.
Contamination in the oil can inhibit the four main
function of the oil.
The oil is what actually transmits the energy (work)
through the system.
The oil also has to lubricate the system.
The heat in a hydraulic system is carried away and
dissipated by the oil. And the oil will seal up the
small clearances in the hydraulic system.
Contamination, be it water or dirt and metal, will
limit the oils ability to perform these functions.
TORO® Service Training
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3 Hydraulic Oil Filters
Electric Solenoid Valve
Spool To Bore Fit
Spool
Cage
Spool
in Cage
.4369 / 4371 DIA.
.4375 / 4378 DIA.
Clearance
.0004 MIN
.0009 MAX
Particulate Contamination
Relative Sizes of Particles
Sizes of Familiar Objects
Substance Micron Inch
Grain of Table Salt
Human Hair
Lower Limit of Visibility
White Blood Cells
Talcum Powder
Red Blood Cells
Bacteria (Average)
100
70
40
25
10
8
2
Total
.0039
.0027
.00158
.001
.00039
.0003
.000078
To give an example of some of the clearances in a
hydraulic system, If we look at the spool section of
an electric solenoid valve we can see that we will
have a clearance of .0004 to .0009. These tight
clearances will not accept contamination from the
oil with out experiencing a problem. It is therefore
important that the oil remains clean.
This is a comparison chart of come common
particles and their micron size.
We can see that talcum powder is larger then we
will let through our normal hydraulic filter
Spool scored by
contamination
Here we see a solenoid valve spool that has been
scored by contamination.
The marks on this spool can not be felt but they
are deep enough to cause problems with this
valve
TORO® Service Training
Page 6
4 Hydraulic Oil Filters
A typical quality hydraulic filter will have a rigid
Toro Hydraulic Filters
cast base.
• Filter Mounting Base
– Rigid Cast Base
• Filter Element Seal
– Positive Rubber seal
– Captive in the Filter Element
• Bypass Valve
– None for Hydraulic Filter
– Needs Complete Filtration
• Filter Element
– Steel Ends
– Glued on Ends
– Proper Micron Rating
• Spring (coil)
– Resists heat related
Deformation
“Will Fitter” Hydraulic Filters
• Filter Mounting Base
– Stamped Steel
– Can Flex
• Filter Element Seal
– Rubber seal
– Non-Captive
– Not a positive seal
• Bypass Valve
– Some have Bypass valves
– Allows unfiltered oil to
bypass
• Filter Element
– Glued on Ends
– Uneven Gluing
– Proper Micron Rating ?
• Spring (Wafer)
– Susceptible to heat related
Deformation
The filter seal will be a rubber seal, which is
captive in the end of the filter.
Most Toro hydraulic filters will not have a bypass.
The bypass will allow unfiltered oil to flow past the
filter and back into the reservoir.
The filter element will have steel ends and it will be
fully glued on the ends.
The paper will also be the proper micron rating.
And the spring will usually be a coil spring. This
type of spring resists heat deformation
Some cheaper filters may have a stamped steel
base. This type of base can flex and leak.
The filter element seal may be a non-captive seal.
Under higher pressure situations this type of seal
may leak.
The filter may have a bypass valve. This may be
because this filter is used in several applications,
some that require a bypass valve.
The filter element may or may not be glued on the
ends. The gluing may be uneven.
Micron Rating vs Beta Rating
• Rating of the Particle Size
Stopped by the Filter
– Nominal rating
• Removes Approx. 80 % of
particles larger than rating.
– Absolute
• Removes all particles larger then
rating.
– Based on media hole size. Can
vary widely
– Not Based on Actual Filter
Performance
• Based on actual filter Efficiency.
• Rates the Filters Ability to
Capture Various Size Particles.
The micron rating of the filter element may not be
correct.
The filter may even be equipped with a wafer type
spring. This type spring can change tension
greatly under different temperatures
There are two ways to rate filters.
Micron ratings and Beta ratings.
With Micron ratings there are two sub ratings.
A nominal rating captures approximately 80% of
the particles larger then the rating.
A filter with an absolute rating removes all the
particles larger then the rating.
Micron ratings are based on the hole size of the
media. It is not based on the actual filter
performance.
Beta Ratings are based ion the actual filter
performance.
TORO® Service Training
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What Beta Numbers Mean
• First number
– Filtration Ratio
• Second Number
– Particle Size
(Micron)
• Example of Beta Rating
– 2/2 = 50% of 2 Micron
particles
– 20/3 = 95% of 3
Micron particles
/5 = 98.6% of 5
– 75
Micron particles
Filtration Ratio
Filtration Ratio / Efficiency Table
1.01 1.0%
1.1 9.0%
1.5 33.3%
2.0 50.0%
5.0 80.0%
10.0 90.0%
20.0 95.0%
75.0 98.6%
100 99.0%
1000 99.9%
5 Hydraulic Oil Filters
The Beta rating will consists of two numbers.
The first number is the filtration ratio.
The second number is the particle size, in
microns.
An example of a typical Beta Rating is:
2/2, That equals 50% of the 2 micron particles
20/3 That equals 95% of the 3 micron particles
75/5 That equals 98.6% of the 5 micron particles
This chart shows the filtration number and the
percentage of particles stopped.
• Toro Filter
– Beta Rating
– 2/2
– 20/3
– 75/5
Filter Comparison
• Carquest
Filter
– Beta Rating
– 25/4
– 50/20
This slide shows the Beta rating for a Toro
Hydraulic filter.
We can see that this filter captures 98.6 percent of
the 5-micron particles.
The competitive filter is not even an absolute 20micron filter.
TORO® Service Training
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6 Hydraulic Oil Filters
These filters are not the same.
Are they the same
• Filter construction is
Identical
– Both filters made by
Donaldson Co.
– Toro filter catches 50 % of
2 micron particles, 95% of
3 micron particles and 98.6
percent of 5 micron
particles
• Carquest filter catches:
– 96% of 4 micron particles
– and only 98% of 20 micron
particles
– Not even rated for 2 or 3
micron
They may look the same and are manufactured by
the same company. However, the beta ratings are
not the same.
These are not the same filters. Even though the
parts house substitution book says they are the
same.
TORO® Service Training
Page 9
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ª The Toro Company
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