Tiernan DBR3000 Installation And Operation Manual

Installation and Operation Guide

For The

Tiernan DBR3000

Digital Broadcast Receiver

01-2002-401

Revision B

Overview

Page 1-2 Tiernan DBR3000

Warranty Policy

Warranty Policy

WP

Tiernan, A Radyne Company warrants that that its products will be free from defects in material and workmanship
at the time of shipment and that they will conform to applicable specifications. In no event will Tiernan, A Radyne
Company be liable for consequential misuse or damages.

The Tiernan product that you have purchased is warranted against any above-mentioned defects that appear
within two (2) years of the shipping date.

Products subject to abuse, improper installation or application, alteration, accident, or negligence in use, storage,
transportation, or handling are not covered under this warranty.

The Tiernan warranty, as stated herein, is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed, implied, or statutory.

How & Where to Ship

Packing the Unit

The original factory shipping carton and packing materials were specifically designed to protect Tiernan
equipment from excessive shock and vibrations. Please use the original shipping carton and packing materials to
ship your Tiernan equipment.

Shipping Addresses

For Domestic Shipments Within the United States:

Tiernan, A Radyne Company
Customer Service
7330 Trade Street
San Diego, CA 92121
RMA#

For International Shipments to the United States via Freight Forwarder:

Tiernan, A Radyne Company
c/o CJ& S Express
4901 W. Van Buren, Suite #2
Phoenix, AZ 85043 USA
Contact: Oliver Adam
Telephone: 01 country code +1.602.437.4732
Fax: 01 country code +1.602.437.4884
Email: [e-mail]
RMA#

For International Shipments to the United States via
Express Courier Service (UPS, FedEx, DHL, etc.):

Tiernan, A Radyne Company
Customer Service
7330 Trade Street
San Diego, CA 92121 USA
Telephone: 01 country code +1.858.805.7000
Fax: 01 country code +1.858.805.7007
RMA #

Tiernan DBR3000 Page iii

Warranty Policy

Shipping Procedure

All returned units will be completely evaluated, repaired, and tested for compliance to the appropriate
specifications. All repaired units will be configured to the default settings.

Shipping Procedures

For All Shipments

• Before you ship your unit, record your configuration settings.

• Ship your unit in the original shipping carton and packaging or its equivalent. Do not include product

accessories such as manuals, rack mount brackets, power cords, or cables.

• Write the RMA number in large, dark print on the outside of the shipping container.

• Reference the RMA number on all paperwork accompanying the unit.

• Fax a copy of the Airway Bill to Tiernan, A Radyne Company.

• Observe antistatic procedures and use antistatic bags for all circuit boards. Tiernan, A Radyne Company

will provide you with antistatic bags upon request.

For International Shipments Only

• Mark the commercial invoice “Goods of US Origin - Return for Repair.”

• When declaring value of goods, use the original sale price.

• Ship the unit with freight prepaid using either:

• Freight Forwarder, under 1990 Incoterm CPT–Carriage Paid To

• Express Courier Service (UPS, FedEx, DHL, etc.) under 1990 Incoterm

• DDU – Deliver Duty Unpaid

Rejection of Shipments

Tiernan, A Radyne Company does not accept responsibility for units that are improperly packaged or damaged in
shipment and may reject such shipments. Tiernan, A Radyne

Company will reject shipments:

• Without an RMA number

• Shipped as Freight Collect

• If the original product identification markings or labels have been removed, defaced, or altered

Customer Service

24 Hours a Day, 7 Days a Week

We know problems don’t occur only during business hours. That’s why Tiernan, A Radyne Company provides a
staff of trained Customer Service Engineers who are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

During Business Hours: Our Customer Service Engineers are available to immediately answer your calls
Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 5 p.m., Pacific Standard Time.

After Hour Emergencies: For after-hour emergencies, call us at 1.858.805.7000, and select option 1 on the
voicemail system. Leave a message on our 24-hour paging system. A Customer Service Engineer will return your
emergency call as soon as possible.

Leaving a Message

When you leave a message, please speak slowly and clearly and include the following information:

• Your name and the name of your company

• Your phone number including the area code and the country code, as appropriate

• The product name, firmware version, and serial number

• A short description of the problem

A Customer Service Engineer will return your call as soon as possible.

Page iv Tiernan DBR3000

Warranty Policy

To Return a Unit

Contact Customer Service

Before you return a unit for repair, visit our website

http://www.tiernan.com/rma.aspx

and fill out all of the necessary information for our records.

Obtain a RMA Number

Once you have filled out the form online, you will receive your RMA number via e-mail, along with shipping
instructions and a price quotation.

Expired Warranty

If the warranty on your product has expired, the Administrator will fax you a Product Repair Quote.

This quote must be approved and returned to the Customer Service Administrator, along with a valid purchase
order (PO), before an RMA number can be issued.

Online Assistance

E-mail Us

To contact Customer Service via e-mail, send a message to:

[e-mail]

Tiernan on the Web (http://www.radn.com)

Visit us on the World Wide Web for:

• Product and system information

• Sales information

• Investor information

Tiernan DBR3000 Page v

Warranty Policy

Page vi Tiernan DBR3000

Preface

P

This manual provides installation and operation information for the Tiernan, a Radyne Company family of Audio
Broadcast Receivers. This is a technical document intended for use by engineers, technicians, and operators
responsible for the operation and maintenance of the unit.

Conventions

Whenever the information within this manual instructs the operator to press a pushbutton switch or keypad key on
the Front Panel, the pushbutton or key label will be shown enclosed in "less than" (<) and "greater than" (>)
brackets. For example, the Reset Alarms Pushbutton will be shown as <RESET ALARMS>, while a command
that calls for the entry of a ‘7’ followed by ‘ENTER’ Key will be represented as <7,ENTER>.

Notes, Cautions, and Warnings

A note icon identifies information for the proper operation of your equipment, including helpful
hints, shortcuts, or important reminders.

A caution icon indicates a hazardous situation that if not avoided, may result in minor or
moderate injury. Caution may also be used to indicate other unsafe practices or risks of
property damage.

A warning icon indicates a potentially hazardous situation that if not avoided, could result in
death or serious injury.

Trademarks

Product names mentioned in this manual may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
companies and are hereby acknowledged.

Tiernan DBR3000 Page

vii

Preface

Copyright

2007, Tiernan, a Radyne Company. This manual is proprietary to Tiernan, a Radyne Company. and is intended
for the exclusive use of Tiernan, a Radyne Company’s customers. No part of this document may in whole or in
part, be copied, reproduced, distributed, translated or reduced to any electronic or magnetic storage medium
without the express written consent of a duly authorized officer of Tiernan, a Radyne Company.

Disclaimer

This manual has been thoroughly reviewed for accuracy. All statements, technical information, and
recommendations contained herein and in any guides or related documents are believed reliable, but the
accuracy and completeness thereof are not guaranteed or warranted, and they are not intended to be, nor should
they be understood to be, representations or warranties concerning the products described. Tiernan, a Radyne
Company assumes no responsibility for use of any circuitry other than the circuitry employed in Tiernan, a
Radyne Company systems and equipment. Furthermore, since Tiernan, a Radyne Company is constantly
improving its products, reserves the right to make changes in the specifications of products, or in this manual at
any time without notice and without obligation to notify any person of such changes.

Record of Revisions

Revision Date Reason for Change

A 07-18-2007 Initial Release
B 08-06-2007 Corrected FL and TIME command descriptions; Updated RMA link

Comments or Suggestions Concerning this Manual

Comments or suggestions regarding the content and design of this manual are appreciated. To submit
comments, please contact the Customer Service Department.

Updates to this Manual

The most up-to-date copy of this manual can be downloaded from our web site located at http://www.tiernan.com.
As of the present date, Technical Manuals for Tiernan products are available in PDF format at
http://www.tiernan.com.

Notice

This publication and its contents are proprietary to Tiernan, a Radyne Company, and are intended solely for the
contractual use of its customers for no other purpose than to install and operate the equipment described herein.
This publication and its contents shall not be used or distributed for any other purpose and/or otherwise
communicated, disclosed, or reproduced, in any way whatsoever, without prior written consent of Tiernan, a
Radyne Company.

Only experienced personnel should install and/or operate this equipment. Prior to installing or operating any
equipment or parts thereof, personnel must carefully read and understand all of the contents of this publication.
To properly install and operate this equipment and/or all parts thereof, personnel must strictly and explicitly follow
all of the instructions in this publication.

Failure to completely read and fully understand and follow all of the contents of this publication prior to installing
and/or operating this equipment, or parts thereof, may result in injury to personnel and/or damage to the
equipment, or parts thereof.

Tiernan, a Radyne Company does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products,
component parts, circuits, software, or firmware described herein. Tiernan, a Radyne Company further does not
convey any license under its patent, trademark, copyright, or common- law rights nor the similar rights of others.
Tiernan, a Radyne Company further reserves the right to make any changes in any products, or parts thereof,
described herein without notice.

Page viii Tiernan DBR3000

Preface

Tiernan, a Radyne Company is a registered trademark. Other brand and product names mentioned herein may
be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.

Contents of this manual are provided as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but
not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement.

Content could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are incorporated in new editions of
this manual. Tiernan, a Radyne Company may make improvements and / or changes in the product(s) and / or
the program(s) described in this manual at any time without notice.

In no event will Tiernan, a Radyne Company be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, economic, cover, or
consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the contents even if advised of the possibility of
such damages. Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties, or the limitation of
liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. For
further information on legal and intellectual property matters, contact Tiernan, a Radyne Company.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part
15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference
when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause
harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

Electric Shock Hazard

Do Not Open The Equipment!

Service Only by Tiernan, a Radyne Company.

Gefährliche Spannung!

Öffuen des Gerätes und Service nur dur Tiernan, a Radyne Company.

The unit contains no user-serviceable parts. Do not attempt to service this product yourself. Any
attempt to do so will invalidate any and all warranties.

Tiernan DBR3000 Page ix

Preface

Page x Tiernan DBR3000

Safety Precautions

SP

Carefully read and follow all safety, use, and operating instructions before operating the unit. Heed all warnings
and cautions contained in this guide. Retain these instructions for future reference.

Follow Startup Procedure

Do not plug in the unit until you have connected the system and read the chapter on installation.

Provide a Safe Location

Place the unit in a rack or on a stable surface of sufficient size and strength, where it will not be jarred, hit, or
pushed off its surface. Ensure that all cables and cords are out of the way and will not be tripped over, as this
could cause personal injury or serious damage to the equipment.

Avoid Water and Moisture

If the equipment is exposed to any liquid, contact Tiernan, a Radyne Company , as serious damage could occur
to the unit or its components.

Avoid Heat, Humidity, and Dust

To avoid internal damage, the unit should be placed away from all heat sources, including radiators, heater ducts,
and so on, out of direct sunlight and away from high humidity, excessive dust, or mechanical vibrations that can
cause damage to internal parts.

Provide Adequate Ventilation

Slots and openings on the unit are provided for ventilation that is needed to ensure reliable operation. To avoid
overheating and ensure that the ventilation slots are not blocked, place the unit on a smooth, hard surface that
has at least two inches of clearance around the unit and adequate air circulation. If the equipment is placed in a
closed area, such as a rack, ensure that proper ventilation is provided and that the internal rack operating
temperature does not exceed the maximum rated temperature at the position of the unit.

Never place the unit on a soft surface that would obstruct the required airflow into the ventilation slots.

Use Correct Power Source

For units equipped with a North American power cord, the cord has an IEC-compatible female plug on one end,
and a male plug on the other end. This cord is UL and CSA approved up to 125 VAC at 10 A and is ready to use
with no user wiring required.

For units equipped with an International power cord, the cord has an IEC-compatible female plug on one end, and
three stripped and tinned bare wires on the other end. This cord is approved up to 250 VAC at 6 A and complies
with the international color codes of green/yellow (ground), blue (neutral), and brown (line).

If these color codes do not correspond to the colored markings on the terminals in the plug, use the following
standards:

• The green/yellow wire must be connected to the plug terminal marked by the letter E or by the earth
symbol () or color-coded green and yellow.

• The blue wire must be connected to the plug terminal marked with the letter N or color-coded black.

• The brown wire must be connected to the plug terminal marked with the letter L or color-coded red.

An AC plug must be attached to the International power cord in accordance with government standards and
codes in effect at the installation site. If an unterminated power cord is supplied with the unit, the appropriate

Tiernan DBR3000 Page

xi

Safety Precautions

certified termination plug must be installed. The following is a list of the required certifying agencies for various
countries.

Country Agency Country Agency

Australia SAA Italy IMQ
Austria OVE Japan MITI
Belgium CEBEC Netherlands KEMA
Canada CSA New Zealand

Denmark DEMKO Norway NEMKO
Finland FEI Rep. S. Africa SABS
France UTE Spain AEE
Germany VDE Sweden SEMKO
India ISI Switzerland SEV
Ireland IIRS United Kingdom (UK) ASTA, BSI

SECV, SECQ, SECWA,
EANSW, ETSA, HECT,
SANZ

Apparaten skall anslutas till jordat uttag när den ansluts till ett nätverk.

Route Power Cords Safely

Route power cords so they are not walked on or pinched. Pay particular attention to cords and connections at the
plugs, receptacles (such as power strips), and the point where they exit from the unit and attach to other
equipment. Do not place any items on or against power cords.

No Stacking

Do not place or stack any objects on top of the unit. Other equipment may be placed in a rack or on a shelf above
or below the unit, but never stacked directly on top of it.

Protect Against Lightning and Power Surges

When the unit is installed, have the professional installer ground the system to protect against voltage surges and
built-up static charges. For information on grounding standards for electrical and radio equipment, refer to the
electrical code in the country of installation.

Protect the unit from lightning and power-line surges during a storm by unplugging it from the wall outlet and
disconnecting the coaxial cable.

Provide Antistatic Protection

Wear a properly grounded antistatic wrist strap to prevent electrostatic damage to components when handling
circuit boards or other electronic modules.

Turn the unit Off When Changing Circuit Boards

Turn the unit off before installing or removing any circuit boards from chassis slots. Possible damage may occur
to modem, boards, or related equipment if power is left on during this procedure.

Page xii Tiernan DBR3000

Safety Precautions

Lithium Battery

The lithium battery is not placed in an operator accessible area. The battery is part of an approved semiconductor
package and is only replaceable by qualified service personnel.

Keep Objects Outside

Touching internal unit parts is dangerous to both you and the unit. Never put any object, including your fingers,
through slots or openings, as this could result in touching dangerous voltage points, short-circuiting parts, electric
shock, or fire.

There are no user-serviceable parts inside the unit. If an object falls into the equipment, unplug the unit and
contact Customer Service, as serious damage could occur to the unit or its components.

Use Approved Attachments Only

Use only Tiernan, a Radyne Company-approved option cards and equipment with the unit.

Clean the Unit

Before cleaning the unit, unplug it from the wall outlet. Do not use any type of abrasive pads, scouring powders,
aerosol cleaners, or solvents such as alcohol or benzene.

Use only a clean, soft cloth lightly moistened with a mild detergent solution. Wipe all equipment with a clean, soft
cloth lightly moistened with water to remove the detergent solution.

Service the Unit

Do not attempt to service the unit yourself, as there are no user-serviceable parts. Opening or removing covers
may expose you to dangerous voltages or other hazards as well as void your warranty. Contact Customer Service
to obtain qualified service personnel.

The following conditions indicate that the equipment needs servicing:

• The power cord or plug has been damaged.

• An object has fallen into the unit.

• Liquid has been spilled into the unit, or it has been exposed to rain or water.

• The unit has been dropped or the cover has been damaged.

• The unit does not operate normally, or it shows a marked change in performance.

Perform Safety Checks

Upon completion of any service or repairs to the unit, ask the service technician to perform safety checks to verify
that the system is in safe operating condition.

Tiernan DBR3000 Page xiii

Safety Precautions

Page xiv Tiernan DBR3000

Table of Contents

To C

Warranty Policy......................................................................................................................................iii

Preface...................................................................................................................................................vii

Safety Precautions ................................................................................................................................xi

Chapter 1 Product Overview.....................................................................................................1-5

1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1-5

1.2 Satellite Data Distribution Network Overview ................................................................................ 1-5

1.3 DBR Features ................................................................................................................................ 1-6

Chapter 2 Functional Description and Theory of Operation..................................................2-8

2.1 Functional Description ................................................................................................................... 2-8

2.1.1 Outdoor Components ........................................................................................................................2-8

2.1.2 Feed Assembly and LNB Downconverter........................................................................................ 2-10

2.1.3 Interfacility Link (IFL) Cable............................................................................................................. 2-10

2.1.4 DBR Satellite Receiver .................................................................................................................... 2-11

2.1.5 Using the Front Panel ...................................................................................................................... 2-11

2.2 Theory of Operation..................................................................................................................... 2-12

2.2.1 Satellite Link..................................................................................................................................... 2-13

2.3 DBR Carrier Acquisition............................................................................................................... 2-15

2.3.1 Installation Mode Acquisition ........................................................................................................... 2-15

2.3.2 Fade Acquisition .............................................................................................................................. 2-16

Chapter 3 Quick Installation .....................................................................................................3-1

3.1 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3-1

3.2 Quick Installation Procedure.......................................................................................................... 3-1

Chapter 4 Full Installation and Startup ....................................................................................4-3

4.1 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 4-3

4.2 Installation Overview...................................................................................................................... 4-3

4.3 Planning the Site............................................................................................................................ 4-3

4.4 Installing and Aligning the Antenna ............................................................................................... 4-3

4.5 Installing the IFL Cable .................................................................................................................. 4-4

4.6 Installing the DBR .......................................................................................................................... 4-4

4.6.1 Rack-Mount........................................................................................................................................ 4-4

4.7 External Connections..................................................................................................................... 4-5

Tiernan DBR3000 Page

1-1

Theory of Operation

4.7.1 Data ...................................................................................................................................................4-6

4.7.2 AUX (Auxiliary)................................................................................................................................... 4-6

4.7.3 Ethernet .............................................................................................................................................4-7

4.7.4 M&C ...................................................................................................................................................4-7

4.7.5 RF In .................................................................................................................................................. 4-7

4.7.6 USB.................................................................................................................................................... 4-8

4.7.7 Power Connector ...............................................................................................................................4-8

4.8 Starting Up the System.................................................................................................................. 4-9

4.9 Startup Problems ......................................................................................................................... 4-11

4.9.1 The Receiver Will Not Lock Onto The Satellite Signal ....................................................................4-11

4.9.2 No Data Is Received from the Data Port .........................................................................................4-12

Chapter 5 Remote Monitor and Control Operation ...............................................................5-13

5.1 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 5-13

5.2 Command Syntax ........................................................................................................................ 5-13

5.3 Password Protection.................................................................................................................... 5-14

5.4 Command Error Codes................................................................................................................ 5-14

5.5 Command Groups ....................................................................................................................... 5-14

5.6 Command Descriptions ............................................................................................................... 5-16

Chapter 6 Maintenance and Troubleshooting.......................................................................6-29

6.1 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................ 6-29

6.2 Performance Monitoring .............................................................................................................. 6-29

6.2.1 Eb/No Minimum Receive Level (EM)............................................................................................... 6-29

6.2.2 Number of RF Signal Fades (NF).................................................................................................... 6-29

6.3 Fault Condition Descriptions........................................................................................................ 6-30

6.4 Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................................... 6-31

6.4.1 Before Troubleshooting ...................................................................................................................6-31

6.4.2 Symptoms and Actions ....................................................................................................................6-31

Chapter 7 Technical Specifications and Port Information .....................................................7-1

Appendix A Interface Pinouts ..................................................................................................... A-1

Appendix B Interfacility Link Cable Characteristics .................................................................B-1

1-2 Tiernan DBR3000

Theory of Operation

List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Satellite Data Distribution Network ...........................................................................................1-6

Figure 2.1 Receive-Only Antenna Assembly.............................................................................................2-9

Figure 2.2 LNB Downconverter PLL Block Diagram.................................................................................2-10

Figure 2.3 DBR Unit............................................................................................................................2-11

Figure 2.4 Installation Acquisition Mode .............................................................................................2-16

Figure 2.5 Fade Acquisition Mode ......................................................................................................2-16

Figure 4.1 Rear Panel Connectors .......................................................................................................4-5

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 1-3

Theory of Operation

List of Tables

Table 2.1 Available Prodelin Antenna Sizes..............................................................................................2-9

Table 2.2 Front Panel Indicators.........................................................................................................2-11

Table 2.3 Signal Quality Defaults........................................................................................................2-12

Table 4.1 IFL Cable Loss vs. Data Rate ...................................................................................................4-4

Table 4.2 Certifying Agencies by Country .................................................................................................4-9

Table 5.1 Error Codes/Descriptions .......................................................................................................5-14

Table 5.2 Alphabetical Command Listing................................................................................................5-14

Table 5.3 Acquisition Type, Action, Status..............................................................................................5-17

Table 5.4 Fault Summary......................................................................................................................5-20

Table 5.5 Parameter Descriptions..........................................................................................................5-23

Table 5.6 Valid Parameter Values for the P2 Command ..........................................................................5-25

Table 5.7 Signal Strength LED Indication ...............................................................................................5-27

1-4 Tiernan DBR3000

Theory of Operation

Chapter 1 Product Overview

1

1.1 Introduction

Satellite communication is a proven, reliable method for real-time and near real-time data transfer. A single
satellite transmission footprint can blanket an area containing any number of receivers, making satellite networks
particularly suited for large-area broadcast applications. Remote reception sites can be easily added without
further network setup costs. Since the satellite link is virtually instantaneous, such communication is ideal for time­intensive applications.

The DBR3000 Digital Broadcast Receiver is an extremely reliable, powerful and easy-to-use system that enables
you to take advantage of these and many other benefits of satellite communications.

This chapter provides an overview of a typical satellite distribution network, as well as an overview of the
DBR3000 Digital Broadcast Receiver.

1.2 Satellite Data Distribution Network Overview

A satellite broadcast network consists of three major subsystems, as shown in Figure 1-1:

• A satellite transmission uplink station

• The satellite link

• One or more remote satellite receivers

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 1-5

Theory of Operation

Data

Input

Hub

RF

Tx

.
.
.

Data

Output

Data

Output

Figure 1.1 Satellite Data Distribution Network

The hub or satellite transmission uplink station is the facility where the data to be transmitted is collected and
uplinked to the satellite. This facility consists of a satellite modem, an earth station, an antenna and a network
control computer. As an option, an Ethernet link can provide diagnostics and performance monitoring of receiver
sites using Telnet.

• The satellite link consists of a commercial telecommunications satellite in geosynchronous orbit above the
earth. Two radio frequency bands that are primarily used are C-band and Ku-band.

Data

Output

• The third major subsystem, the remote satellite receiver, includes three major components:

• A satellite antenna subsystem

• An interfacility link cable

• A satellite data receiver such as the DBR

The satellite antenna and its associated Low Noise Block (LNB) downconverter collect and convert the signal
from the satellite's native C- or Ku-band signal to L-band.

A phase lock loop (PLL) type LNB must be used for all satellite links using the QPSK modulation. Satellite links
using BPSK modulation may use the lower cost dielectric resonance oscillator (DRO) type LNB.

The L-Band signal is then sent through the interfacility link (IFL) cable to the satellite receiver. The DBR data
receiver processes this signal and outputs the data serially using RS-422.

1.3 DBR Features

The DBR:

• Accommodates both Ku- or C-band in BPSK or QPSK mode

1-6 Tiernan DBR3000

Theory of Operation

• Has two Link Table Definitions so that a reserve link can be activated to accommodate network changes

• Has a built-in performance monitoring capability that measures the lowest received Eb/No

• Has a battery-backed SRAM memory and real-time clock (RTC) so that configuration and operating

parameters are not lost in the event of a power outage and event logs specify time

• Provides a 10/100BASE-T Fast Ethernet port running a Telnet server for monitor and control from any
computer or other device containing an Ethernet port and Telnet client software

• Provides a front panel interface that allows for quick monitoring

The remaining portion of this manual describes in detail the steps necessary to install, configure, and operate the
DBR digital audio receiver within a network environment.

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 1-7

Theory of Operation

Chapter 2 Functional Description and Theory of

Operation

This chapter provides functional descriptions and operational theory for the basic components of the DBR
receiver system. The DBR system consists of the following:

• An outdoor receive-only antenna and feed-optional antenna sizes range from .75 to 2.4 meters

• A low noise block (LNB) downconverter assembly that performs the initial signal downconversion

(optional frequencies)

• A user-supplied interfacility link (IFL) cable connecting the LNB downconverter on the antenna to the DBR

• A DBR receiver providing an L-band demodulator

2

2.1 Functional Description

2.1.1 Outdoor Components

The outdoor components consist of an antenna assembly, a feed assembly, and an LNB downconverter.

2.1.1.1 Antenna Assembly

The antenna assembly consists of the satellite reflector, mast, feed horn, and LNB downconverter. The antenna
assembly collects and concentrates RF transmissions that are produced by a communication satellite and
converts them to an electronic signal. A typical antenna assembly is shown in Figure 2-1.

2-8 Tiernan DBR3000

Theory of Operation

Figure 2.1 Receive-Only Antenna Assembly

The optional antenna supplied with the DBR system is an elliptical offset feed-type suited for receive-only
applications. The appropriate antenna size is determined by the location and transmitted satellite power (EIRP)
for each installation. Available antenna sizes are shown in Table 2-1.

Table 2.1 Available Prodelin Antenna Sizes

C-Band Ku-Band

1.2 m linear or cicular .60 m AZ/EL mount
.60 m wall mount

1.8 m linear or cicular

2.4 m linear or cicular .90 m AZ/EL mount

3.0 m linear or cicular 1.0 m AZ/EL mount

3.4 m linear or cicular 1.2 m AZ/EL mount

3.7 m linear or cicular

(also polar mount)

1

Available in both single and dual feed

• .76 m AZ/EL mount

• .76 m wall mount

• 1.8 m AZ/EL mount

• 2.4 m AZ/EL mount

• 3.0 m AZ/EL mount

• 3.4 m AZ/EL mount

• 3.7 m AZ/EL mount

1

1

1

1

1

The antenna subsystem receives DC power from the DBR receiver via the IFL cable, so an additional power
source is not required at the antenna site.

The reflector is mounted on a continuously adjustable azimuth/elevation positioner that supports precision aiming
to the satellite of choice. For proper signal reception, the antenna must have an unobstructed view of the satellite

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 2-9

Theory of Operation

location in the sky. Prior to operation, the antenna must be aligned to maximize the receive signal reception from
the satellite used.

2.1.2 Feed Assembly and LNB Downconverter

The radio frequency signals gathered by the satellite antenna are focused on the feed horn, which collects the
signal. The output of the feed horn is then directed to the LNB downconverter, which provides the initial
amplification of the Ku or C-Band downlink signal and converts the Ku or C-band signals to L-band. The output of
the LNB downconverter is routed to the IFL cable through an F connector.

Figure 2.2 LNB Downconverter PLL Block Diagram

The LNB downconverter is installed at the focus of the parabolic antenna dish. The LNB downconverter consists
of:

• A low noise amplifier (LNA)

• A dielectric resonance oscillator (DRO) or phase lock loop (PLL) oscillator

• A mixer

• An image reject filter

• An IF amplifier

The input of the LNB downconverter receives signals collected by the antenna and routes them to the LNA. The
LNA sets the LNB downconverter noise figure and provides the first stage of amplification. The amplified signal is
mixed with the local oscillator for downconversion to L-band frequencies and then passed through the image
reject filter. The IF amplifier boosts the signal to provide dynamic range, allowing for substantial cable loss. DRO
technology provides good stability and phase-noise performance and is acceptable for BPSK operation above
112 ksps. A PLL-based LNB downconverter is required for QPSK operation.

2.1.3 Interfacility Link (IFL) Cable

The IFL cable connects the antenna assembly to the DBR receiver. This cable carries L-band signals to the DBR
and supplies DC power to the LNB downconverter.

2-10 Tiernan DBR3000

Theory of Operation

The outdoor end of the cable is attached to the LNB downconverter mounted on the antenna. The indoor end
connects to the DBR RF Input connector. The IFL cable uses F connectors on both ends.

The IFL cable is an important component of the receiver system. Proper cable selection and installation is
imperative to obtain optimal system performance. Appendix C: IFL Cable Characteristics provides detailed
information on the IFL cable, vendor sources, and connector installation.

2.1.4 DBR Satellite Receiver

The DBR is a multiple transmission rate digital data receiver. The DBR receiver chassis, shown in Figure 2-3, is a
standard 19” rack-mount design with built-in handles. The DBR chassis is designed to meet worldwide
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), safety, and power requirements. Its lightweight aluminum construction is
optimized to provide strength and EMC. The DBR contains a universal autosensing power supply, allowing the
unit to accommodate virtually any standard AC power source.

Figure 2.3 DBR Unit

2.1.5 Using the Front Panel

The front panel of the DBR displays the following:

• LED indicators

2.1.5.1 Front Panel Indicators

Table 2.2 Front Panel Indicators

Indicator Color Description

Power Green

Status Red Indicates the state of the status relay. By default, all faults trigger the status relay.

Event Amber Indicates the state of the event log.

Ethernet Green Indicates the state of the Ethernet port.

Rx Sync Green

Indicates the unit is powered on and changes color based on the presence of any
operating fault.

• If the Power LED is green, the unit is powered on.

• If the Power LED is off, then the power supply is not functioning properly. Refer

to the Troubleshooting section to determine whether the AC power source or the
internal power supply is faulty.

• If the Status LED is Red, the status relay is active

• If the Status LED is off, then the status relay is inactive.

• If the Event LED is Amber, one or more events have occurred since the last

acknowledgement.

• If the Event LED is off, no events have occurred since the last acknowledgement.

• If the Ethernet LED is green, the Ethernet port is connected to another active

Ethernet device.

• If the Ethernet LED is off, then the Ethernet port is not connected to another
active Ethernet device or the port has been shut down.

Indicates whether the demodulator has synchronized (or “locked”) to the

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 2-11

Theory of Operation

Indicator Color Description

modulator’s RF signal.

• If the Rx Sync LED is green, the demodulator has “locked”.

• If the Rx Sync LED is off, then the demodulator is not “locked”.

Signal Quality Red

Indicates the current received RF signal to noise ratio (defined as Eb/No) relative to
user-specified criteria. Refer to Table 2.3 for default values.

• If the Signal Quality LED is solid Red, the Eb/No has dropped below the value set
by <Q0>.

• If the Signal Quality LED is blinking Red, the Eb/No has dropped below the value
set by <Q1>, but is above the value set by <Q0>.

• If the Signal Quality LED is off, the Eb/No is above below the value set by <Q1>.

Table 2.3 Signal Quality Defaults

Q0 = 4.0 dB; Q1 = 7.0 dB

Signal Level (Eb/No) Indicator

>7.0 dB Off
>4.0 dB, <7.0 dB Blinking Red
<4.0 dB or no RF Sync Red

2.2 Theory of Operation

The DBR operates in three FEC modes:

• Sequential

o Rates: 1/2 and 3/4 (ComStream)

• Viterbi

o Rates: Intelsat 1/2, DVB 1/2, DVB 2/3, DVB 3/4 DVB 5/6 and DVB 7/8

• Viterbi and Reed-Solomon

• Non-DVB (187/204 rate)

• DVB (188/204 rate)

Sequential and Viterbi modes are “closed-network” modes. When operating in concatenated Viterbi and Reed­Solomon FEC, the DBR offers two discrete operating modes: DVB and non-DVB.

Non-DVB mode forces the receiver to act as a data pipe: the receiver removes the synchronization pattern used
in the Reed-Solomon decoder from the output data stream and passed the 187-byte payload transparently to the
output.

DVB mode makes the receiver operate in compliance with the European DVB standard ETS 300 421, which
describes the transmission of audio/video programs encoded according to the MPEG-2 specification. In DVB
mode, the DBR expects the incoming data stream to be MPEG-2 transport packets. The 188-byte MPEG-2
transport packets provided at the output include the MPEG packet sync byte.

2-12 Tiernan DBR3000

Theory of Operation

2.2.1 Satellite Link

In order for the DBR to operate in conjunction with a hub, it must be programmed with the following information:

• User Data Rate (UDR)

• Downlink Radio Frequency (RF)

• Modulation Format (RM)

• FEC Decoding Rate (RC)

• Reed-Solomon Decoding (RSC)

Additional attributes, such as scrambling and spectral inversion, are assumed to be constant in any real
operational network. These constant attributes can be changed for testing, but in actual usage, only the UDR, RF,
RM, RC and RSC are generally changed. These five attributes are grouped together and referred to as a link
table, defined by the LTD command.

2.2.1.1 Multiple Link Tables

The DBR has two link tables, A and B, that allow the DBR to have access to allow a more graceful transition when
changing the link parameters (e.g. if the network needs to increase/decrease its data rate). The Link tables can be
controlled as follows:

• Sequence between the two link tables manually. Since the link tables are preprogrammed, the switch
between the two link conditions is accomplished by issuing one command instructing the DBR to switch to
the second link table, and then, if required, issuing another command to cause the DBR to switch back to
the first link table.

• Automatically lock onto either link table. Automatic use of the two link tables occurs when both link tables
are enabled for acquisition.

An additional feature of the link tables is a special wait time that instructs the DBR to spend a specific wait period
trying to acquire a new link table. This wait time is only utilized if both link tables are enabled for acquisition and
then the DBR is instructed to acquire a new satellite link using the new table.

For the DBR to lock onto a satellite, the link parameters must match one of the two link tables. If there is a match
and a lock, then the link table in use is commonly referred to as the Current Link Table. The other is referred to as
the Reserve Link Table.

The terms current and reserve are used for clarification in the following example only.

The following sequence of events-in-time will show usage of link tables. This example uses the following link
tables A and B:

Link Table A

• UDR = 128000 bps

• RF = 1200000 kHz

• RM = QPSK

• RC = rate 1/2

• RSC = DVB mode

This is displayed as LTD A,128000,1200000,1,1,1,0

Link Table B

• UDR = 256000 bps

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 2-13

Theory of Operation

• RF = 1200000 kHz

• RM = QPSK

• RC = rate 1/2

• RSC = non-DVB mode

This is displayed as LTD A,256000,1200000,1,1,2,1

Bothe tables enabled: LTE 2

Start Sequence with Both Link Tables Enabled

Time 1: The satellite link is operating at 128 kbps data rate at a downlink frequency of 12 GHz.

Time 2: The DBR is turned on with both link tables enables for acquisition.

Time 3: The DBR tries both tables and succeeds with Link Table A.

• Current = Link Table A

• Reserve = Link Table B

Time 4: The DBR experiences loss of signal. Since both tables are enabled for acquisition, the link is
reestablished with Link Table A as soon as signal strength returns.

Time 5: The DBR is instructed to allow only one link table to be enabled for acquisition. The receiver
experiences no loss and stays locked on the signal.

Time 6: The DBR again experiences loss of signal. Loss of signal has no impact as long as the signal
reappears as before. Relocking may even be slightly faster than at Time 4 because only one link table will
be used for reacquisition.

Aborted Upspeed Sequence

Time 7: The DBR is instructed to enable both link tables for acquisition.

Time 8: The DBR is instructed to acquire based on Link Table B. The hub continues to operate at 128 kbps

and at the same RF downlink frequency.

Time 9: The DBR reacquires using Link Table A after finding no operational link with Link Table B.

Successful Upspeed Sequence

Time 10: The DBR is instructed to use a link table wait time of 600 seconds.

Time 11: The DBR is instructed to acquire Link Table B; it loses lock but attempts to lock only to Link Table

B for 600 seconds before alternating between both link tables.

Time 12: The hub takes 540 seconds to switch over and begins to operate at a 256 kbps data rate at 12
GHz downlink frequency. The DBR acquires signal on Link Table B.

No Relock Sequence

Time 13: The DBR is again instructed to acquire Link Table B. The command is ignored by the DBR, as

the receiver is already locked to Link Table B. In general, the DBR will ignore redundant commands. This
prevents loss of user data when repetitive commands are entered.

In general, the two link tables can handle upspeeding and downspeeding as well as switch transponder
safely and effectively with a minimum of network transition time.

2-14 Tiernan DBR3000

Theory of Operation

2.3 DBR Carrier Acquisition

Acquisition is the process the receiver uses to adjust its frequency, phase, gain, and synchronization to match the
incoming carrier. Acquisition of the carrier signal for the DBR is a sophisticated process. Frequency errors arising
from temperature changes in the outdoor environment and the aging of components over time can make signal
acquisition difficult. The DBR has been designed to overcome these errors by the use of internal synthesizers that
correct for nearly all components of error, without operator intervention.

• The automatic acquisition feature of the DBR operates in two distinct modes, installation and fade:

• Installation mode acquisition is performed when the system is locking onto a new carrier.

• Fade acquisition is performed when the receiver loses the carrier to which it was previously locked.

2.3.1 Installation Mode Acquisition

During installation, acquisition begins at the nominal carrier center frequency, which is user-defined by the Link
Table Define (LTD) command and the acquisition offset (AO) command. An attempt to acquire the carrier begins
by searching a range of frequencies, called a frequency bin, centered around the nominal carrier frequency. The
size of this range is determined by the symbol rate. If the DBR is unable to find the carrier within this range, the
receiver will move to the next contiguous range below the center carrier frequency and repeat the process. If the
carrier is not found there, the receiver will move to the next contiguous frequency above the center carrier
frequency and continue the search.

The receiver will continue this process, each time searching the next outside range (on either side of the starting
point) until the carrier is found, or until the user-defined acquisition range limit (B3) is reached. If the receiver
reaches this limit, it will log an acquisition range fault (FL9) and repeat the entire process, starting again at the
center carrier frequency. Figure 2-4 illustrates the installation acquisition process.

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 2-15

Theory of Operation

Figure 2.4 Installation Acquisition Mode

2.3.2 Fade Acquisition

Fade acquisition uses a different search pattern in order to concentrate the search in a narrower frequency range.
This range is centered on the point the carrier was last seen, as illustrated in Figure 2-5, while still covering the
entire user-defined search range (B3).

Figure 2.5 Fade Acquisition Mode

When the receiver loses the carrier, it starts a fade acquisition at the point it last saw the carrier. It searches the
range centered on that point (P0). The size of this range is defined by the B1 command. If no carrier is found, the
search continues in the areas above and below sequentially.

The size of the range searched outside the B1 range is defined by the B2 command. These points are indicated in
Figure 2-5 as B2

Once the B2
the beginning. When the B1 limit is reached again, the system searches another B2 range beyond the last B2
attempts. If the carrier is still not found, the receiver starts again at P

In this manner the system expands the search until the carrier is found or the user-defined acquisition range limit
(B3) is reached. If the range limit is reached without finding the carrier, an acquisition range fault (FL9) occurs and
the entire fade acquisition process begins again at P0.

and B22.

1

and B22 ranges are searched, the receiver returns to P0 and resumes the expanding search from

1

and searches the B1 range.

0

2-16 Tiernan DBR3000

Chapter 3 Quick Installation

3

3.1 Overview

This chapter provides quick installation and startup instructions for experienced users who are familiar with
satellite communications equipment.

It assumes that the:

• Satellite antenna is installed and aligned to the desired satellite

• IFL cable is properly installed and connected to the receiver and the LNB downconverter at the antenna

• DBR is configured correctly for your network

Ensure AC power is off before connecting or disconnecting the IFL cable to the receiver.

3.2 Quick Installation Procedure

Under the above-listed conditions, the DBR is a plug-and-play component and the system startup is
straightforward. If the above conditions do not apply, or if you experience problems following the Quick Installation
procedure, refer to the chapter on Full Installation and Startup.

To perform quick installation:

1. Make sure the DBR is properly installed in an equipment rack or on a flat surface with the following
connected:

• AC cord

• IFL cable

• Data port cable

Ensure that the unit has at least 3 inches of side clearance.

2. To configure the receiver:

• An RS-232 terminal (or software equivalent, i.e., HyperTerminal) must be connected to the
receiver Monitor and Control (M&C) port. Pin definitions on the M&C port allow for ribbon cable
connection from a DB-9 COM port.

• The terminal must be configured to operate at the default communication values of 2400 baud,
using 7 data bits, odd parity, and 1 stop bit.

Tiernan DBR3000 Page

3-1

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

• Type the default password HOMEYD (must use all caps). When successful communication has
been accomplished, the terminal displays a > prompt, indicating it is ready to accept commands.
The login password may be changed (PC) or disabled (PE).

• The following commands and associated values must be entered at the terminal to program the
minimal essential operating parameters. Items in italics are variable syntax depending on what
information is being requested. (For more information about any of the following commands, refer
to the chapter on Remote Monitor and Control Operation.)

The DBR is factory preset for a DRO LNB, unless otherwise requested. Use of a PLL LNB
requires that a master reset (MR) command be invoked first with the applicable argument shown
below (the MR command must be issued 2 times in succession within 10 seconds):

MR 0 {to select a DRO LNB}

MR 1 {to select a PLL LNB}

• Enable the LNB DC voltage as necessary.

LV 3 {Selects +18VDC}

• Enter the Link Table Definition. Command format is:

LTD table,data_rate,rf_frequency,modulation_type,coding_rate,
outer_block_code_rate,ibs

• Select the link table to acquire. Command format is:

LTA table

• Initiate initial acquisition search mode by entering:

AQ 2

3. Observe the following about the front panel indicators:

• The Status indicator is on and remains illuminated red signifying that there is at least one
operating fault.

• When signal acquisition is complete, the Rx Sync indicator is illuminated green and the Status
indicator is off, indicating no operating faults are present.

• The Signal Quality indicator may or may not be illuminated based on the signal-to-noise ratio.

You are finished installing the DBR satellite data broadcast receiver system.

For further verification of proper operation of the DBR, or if there is a problem during quick installation, refer to the
chapter on Full Installation and Startup.

3-2 Tiernan DBR3000

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Chapter 4 Full Installation and Startup

4

4.1 Overview

This chapter describes the steps necessary to install and start up a complete DBR Data Broadcast Receiver. It
presents separate instructions for outdoor equipment, the IFL cable, and indoor equipment.

The material in this chapter may be used as a guide to overall installation of a receiver site or a startup of selected
components related to the DBR system.

4.2 Installation Overview

The overall steps for installing and starting up the DBR are as follows:

1. Plan the site.

2. Install and align the antenna.

3. Install the IFL cable.

4. Install the DBR.

5. Connect the DBR.

6. Start up the system.

7. Validate or verify the installation.

4.3 Planning the Site

The purpose of site planning is to specify where the various components of the receiver system are to be located
and to identify any special installation or operational requirements. Time spent in planning prevents unnecessary
complications during installation and allows potential problems to be resolved before work begins.

There are three main issues to be addressed:

• Location and mounting of the antenna assembly

• Routing of the IFL cable

• Location of the DBR

4.4 Installing and Aligning the Antenna

The location of the receiving antenna is the first element to be considered. The antenna must be placed with an
unobstructed line-of-sight path to the transmitting satellite. The antenna will not function properly if the path to the
satellite is blocked or obstructed by buildings, trees, or other objects. If possible, placement should avoid
situations that limit the field of view, such as buildings or large metal structures.

Aside from physical considerations, the location of the antenna requires compliance with local ordinances and
building codes, particularly those pertaining to electrical conduits. This is particularly true if the outdoor portion of
the cable is to be buried. The responsibility for complying with local ordinances rests solely upon the purchaser of

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 4-3

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

the antenna. It is best to be aware of the local building and construction codes as early in the planning process as
possible.

After the antenna assembly is complete, install the LNB and align the antenna. The LNB installation kit includes
mounting hardware for most standard feed horns. Some feed horns may require different hardware (bolts, nuts).

4.5 Installing the IFL Cable

To ensure that the receiver operates properly, the IFL cable must meet the specifications described in Appendix
C: Interfacility Link (IFL) Cable Characteristics and Preparation.

In most cases, the routing of the IFL cable from the antenna assembly to the DBR consists of an outdoor run, for
one part of its length, and an indoor run for the remaining length. It is always advantageous to carefully plan the
path for the run of the IFL cable since an improper installation can significantly degrade system performance.

In general, always try to minimize the length of the cable run. In addition, the specifications for the cable should
be carefully reviewed with the proposed layout and intended system data rate in mind. The input signal level to
the DBR must not drop below –75 dBm. Long cable runs or the use of low-gain antennas may cause the signal
level to drop too low. It might be possible to correct the situation by upgrading to a better cable such as RG-35,
shortening the cable run, using an adequate antenna or installing a line-amplifier with a gain of 20 to 30 dB such
as the LA-20 by Norsat [phone]. Ensure that the line amplifier also passes the LNB DC line voltage on to
the LNB downconverter.

Table 4-1 provides information on maximum cable losses that are acceptable before signal degradation can be
expected (assuming 5 dB Eb/No LNB output, 55 dB LNB gain, 150°K system noise temperature).

Table 4.1 IFL Cable Loss vs. Data Rate

Data Rate Cable Loss Maximum (dB)

384 kbps 14

256 kbps 12.2

128 kbps 9.2

64 kbps 6.2

4.6 Installing the DBR

Once the antenna has been properly located and installed, attention should be directed to the location of the
receiver. The DBR functions over a wide range of power and environmental conditions. An auto ranging power
supply allows the receiver to use most common utility power feeds.

For maximum availability and reliability, connect the receiver to an uninterrupted power supply (UPS) to allow
continued operation during power outages.

The low wattage requirements and small size of the unit make it adaptable to most installations. For detailed
environmental specifications, refer to the chapter on Technical Specifications and Port Information.

The physical location of the DBR is flexible and largely depends on the location of the data processing equipment
rack. The DBR should be located close to the equipment it will serve.

4.6.1 Rack-Mount

Normally, the DBR mounts in a standard 19-inch equipment rack, using the built-in rack mount brackets, and
occupies one rack unit of height (1.75 inches).

4-4 Tiernan DBR3000

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

To allow for adequate ventilation of the DBR in a rack, the DBR requires a free air space beside it. Other
hardware may be installed directly above or below the DBR in the rack, but the unit must not cover the ventilation
holes on the sides. Any hardware directly touching the DBR should not conduct heat onto the DBR chassis.

The maximum ambient temperature specification for the DBR is 50º C. This temperature is measured one inch
from either side of the receiver within the rack enclosure. This temperature must not exceed 50º C to maintain the
product's warranty. Proper rack ventilation and forced airflow techniques should be used to ensure the internal
ambient temperature within the rack does not exceed the DBR specifications.

It is strongly recommended that surge suppression be used on the AC input to the DBR, or any rack that contains
a DBR. There are many surge suppression vendors that can recommend and supply products to meet your
voltage and power requirements. In addition, placement of the DBR should allow access to its rear panel.

The IDU should be rack-mounted only in enclosures that will not exceed an ambient
temperature of 50° C.

4.7 External Connections

This section describes the physical and electrical connections to the DBR receiver.

Ensure that the power to the DBR is off when connecting or disconnecting either end of the
cable that connects to RF In. Failure to do so may cause equipment damage.

All external connections to the DBR are made through the rear panel connectors. The DBR has six possible
connections on the rear panel, one of which is unused. The location of these connectors is shown in Figure 4-1.

RELAYS 1 - 8

RELAYS 9 - 16 ANALO G AUD 2

ANALOG AUD 1

USER DATA 1

USER DATA 2

AES / EBU

RF INPUT

ASI OUT

ASI IN

MADE IN USA

DATA

AUXILIARY

ETHERNET

M & C

USB

100-240 VAC / 60-50 Hz / 0.6A

Figure 4.1 Rear Panel Connectors

The pinouts for these interfaces are detailed in Appendix A: Interface Pinouts.

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 4-5

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

To ensure compliance with EMC standards, all signal cables connected to the receiver should
be shielded. The shield must be properly terminated to the mating connector.

4.7.1 Data

Connector Type: DB-25, Female (Bottom Row)

The Data port provides a synchronous RS-422 clock and data output. This interface operates synchronously with
the output data being valid on the falling edge of the receive timing clock that is also provided.

4.7.2 AUX (Auxiliary)

Connector Type: DB-15, Female (Bottom Row)

The auxiliary port provides a connection to a variety of signals for optional use, including:

• Status relay contacts

• Synchronous RS-422 receive clock/data output

4.7.2.1 Status Relay

The Status Relay contacts are made at this connector. The Status Relay output provides the capability for an
external indication of errors in the satellite receiver system operation. The Status Relay tracks the front panel
Fault indicator and consists of contact closures (both normally open and normally closed presentations) that
remains inactive during normal operation (Figure 4-2).

A powerful feature of the Status Relay is its ability to be programmed to trigger when specific user-selected fault
conditions are detected while ignoring others. This allows the status relay actions to be customized for the
conditions at a specific receiver installation. The status relay mask (SR) command provides this customizing
ability. (For specific details, refer to the chapter on Remote Monitor and Control Operation.)

Both normally open and normally closed presentations of the status relay are available on the Status Relay
connector. The normally open relay pins will present an open circuit when the unit power is off or when an
unmasked fault is present. Conversely, the normally closed relay output will present a short circuit when power is
off or an unmasked fault is present. The logic of the relay, i.e., open or closed, may be reversed using the SS
command as described in the chapter on commands and codes.

The Status Relay output should not be used to switch currents greater than 1 amp, voltages
higher than 100 volts, or total power higher than 25 VA.

4.7.2.2 RS-422 Data Output

The data stream is on this connector as RS-422 data and clock signal pairs. This interface operates
synchronously with the output data being valid on the falling edge of the receive timing clock that is also provided.

4-6 Tiernan DBR3000

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

4.7.3 Ethernet

Connector Type: RJ-45, Female (Bottom Row)

The Ethernet port is used for monitor and control by Telnet. The speed and duplex is auto-negotiated by default. It
can operate on 10 mbps or 100 mbps as well as full-duplex or half-duplex. The IP address and subnet mask of
the port can be configured through the terminal.

4.7.4 M&C

Connector Type: DB-9, Female (Bottom Row)

The M&C port is used to connect an RS-232 control terminal or RS-485 multidrop bus to the DBR. During normal
system operation, commands are received from the uplink via the control channel. However, control and
diagnostic commands can also be issued to the receiver through this port. During normal operation, the front
panel LED indicator displays summary failure information. The diagnostic port is used to provide detailed
information on the DBR status.

The M&C port is configurable via the M&C port configuration (P2) command described in the chapter on Remote
Monitor and Control Operation.

Since the M&C port can be reprogrammed, it may be necessary to reset the port to the default configuration. To
reset:

1. On the AUX port, connect a wire between pins 8 and 12 while power cycling the unit.

2. The serial port settings should now revert back to 2400 bps, 7 data bits, odd parity and 1 stop bit.

The M&C port will also accept commands via an RS-485 party line bus. While the receiver does
not distinguish between RS-232 and RS-485 electrical levels, it is essential to invoke “packet­only” mode for multiple Tiernan products communicating over the same RS-485 bus in
Tiernan/ComStream Packet Protocol. The DBR is a “slave” on the RS-485 bus, i.e., it only
responds to commands and never initiates communication with the “master.”

4.7.5 RF In

Connector Type: F, 75 ohm, Female (Top Row)

The RF In port is the primary input to the receiver. The RF signal is brought into the receiver through this
connector.

The power of the input carrier should be in the range of -75 dBm to -20 dBm with the RF frequency in the range of
950 MHz to 1700 MHz. The total power in the 950 MHz to 1700 MHz band should be less than -10 dBm. The
input impedance is 75 ohm, with a return loss of greater than 8 dB.

The RF In connector on the back panel also supplies +18 VDC (500 mA maximum) to the LNB downconverter. By
default, the voltage is disabled. The voltage can be enabled by entering LV 3 through the M&C port. This is
supplied through the center conductor of the connector via the IFL cable. Caution should be exercised when:

• Fabricating an IFL cable. Using connectors or cables other than those specified in Appendix C:
Interfacility Link (IFL) Cable Characteristics and Preparation may result in shorting the DC voltage to

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 4-7

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

connector ground, which may prevent the DBR from operating. Ensure the cable's center conductor slides
into the receptor cup of the connector's center pin prior to crimping the connector.

• Connecting any extraneous test equipment (e.g., simulator) to the RF In port. A suitable DC blocking
capacitor must be connected between the port and external equipment to prevent a possible short from
tripping the internal short circuit protection circuit.

Ensure that the power to the DBR is off when connecting or disconnecting either end of the
cable that connects to RF In. Failure to do so may cause equipment damage.

4.7.6 USB

Connector Type: Type-A, Female (Bottom Row)

This connector is unused on the DBR3000.

4.7.7 Power Connector

Connector Type: IEC 320, Male socket

The DBR power supply is autoranging from 85 to 264 VAC and 47 to 63 Hz. Maximum power supply output for
the DBR is 60 watts. The typical power consumption for the DBR is less than 20 watts. There is no power on/off
switch on the receiver. Remove the AC power cable from the unit to turn the power off.

Always power down the DBR before connecting or disconnecting signal cables to the unit.

If an unterminated power cord is supplied with the unit, the appropriate certified termination plug must be
installed. The power cord wires are color-coded as follows:

• Green and Yellow: earth/ground

• Blue: neutral

• Brown: live

If the color code described does not correspond to the colored markings identifying the terminals in your plug,
proceed as follows:

• The green and yellow wire must be connected to the terminal in the plug marked by the letter E or by the
earth symbol , or colored green and yellow.

• The blue wire must be connected to the terminal marked with the letter N, or colored black.

• The brown wire must be connected to the terminal marked with the letter P, or colored red.

Table 4-2 lists the required certifying agencies for some countries.

4-8 Tiernan DBR3000

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Table 4.2 Certifying Agencies by Country

Country Agency

Australia SSA
Austria OVE
Belgium CEBEC
Canada CSA
Denmark DEMKI
Finland FEI
France UTE
Germany VDE
India ISI
Ireland IIRS
Italy IMQ
Japan MITI
Netherlands KEMA
New Zealand

Norway NEMKO
Republic of So. Africa SABS
Spain AEE
Sweden SEMKO
Switzerland SEV
United Kingdom

• SECV

• SECQ

• SECWA

• EANSW

• ETSA

• HECT

• SANZ

• ASTA

• BSI

4.8 Starting Up the System

This section describes the activities necessary to bring an assembled DBR system online. The following steps
assume that the antenna, IFL cable, and DBR have been properly installed and connected. Do not proceed until
this setup is complete.

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Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Ensure that the power to the DBR is off when connecting or disconnecting either end of the
cable that connects to RF In. Failure to do so may cause equipment damage.

If problems are encountered in the startup sequence, refer to the "Startup Problems" section of this chapter and
the chapter on Maintenance and Troubleshooting.

To start up the DBR:

1. Make sure the DBR is properly installed in the equipment rack or on the table top with the IFL cable and
the data cables connected.

2. Turn on the unit by connecting the AC power cable to the unit and observe the front. The front panel lights
flash through a consistent sequence when the unit is first powered on. The pattern the lights follow is
dependent on the signal conditions and strength at your site. When acquisition is complete, the Rx Sync
LED is illuminated. The Signal Quality LED may or may not be illuminated based on the signal strength
and the Q0 (Low Signal Quality Threshold Level) and Q1 (High Signal Quality Threshold Level) command
settings.

3. Check to see if data is available at the Data port. If the network is properly configured, data will be
present.

At this point the DBR is ready for verifying proper equipment setup and operation.

Validating Installation

Once the DBR has been powered up, verify that the unit is connected properly. This is accomplished by
communicating with the receiver using an ASCII terminal and performing several diagnostic commands. The
electrical interface is RS-232 on a PC-AT style DB-9 connector, DTE presentation. The terminal should be
configured for 2400 baud, 7 data bits, 1 stop bit, and odd parity.

To establish communication with the receiver:

1. At the ASCII terminal connected to the DBR, press the ENTER key on the terminal. The receiver should
respond with an ASCII login request string.

2. Type the default password HOMEYD (must use all caps). When successful communication has been
accomplished, the terminal displays a > prompt, indicating it is ready to accept commands. The login
password may be changed (PC) or disabled (PE).

3. Once the communications link with the DBR is established, the following steps can be used to verify
proper receiver operation.

For an alphabetical listing of commands and proper command syntax, refer to the chapter on
Remote Monitor and Control Operation.

1. Validate the:

• Receiver operation. Enter ST ? to verify the status of the DBR. The ST 0 response indicates
status zero or no faults.

- Enter CF 0 to clear the fault register.

- Enter EB ? to verify the Eb/No of the link.

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2. Verify the operation of the DBR compared to the link budget for a particular installation. Enter FL 0. The
response should be FL 0 indicating no faults have been detected since the CF 0 command. Keep in mind
that other factors, such as weather, may affect this measurement. If faults are observed, refer to the
chapter on Remote Monitor and Control Operation for more information on the FL command. Alternately,
the FM CURRENT, FM HISTORY and FM CLEAR commands can be used to query current events,
logged events and clear the events.

At this point, the DBR installation is verified and ready for normal operation.

4.9 Startup Problems

This section describes common problems encountered during startup. In general, the DBR has been designed for
unattended operation and few problems should be encountered.

• The following commands and associated values must be entered at the terminal to program the minimal
essential operating parameters. Items in italics are variable syntax depending on what information is
being requested. (For more information about any of the following commands, refer to the chapter on
Remote Monitor and Control Operation.)

The DBR is factory preset for a PLL LNB, unless otherwise requested. Use of a DRO LNB requires that a
master reset (MR) command be invoked first with the applicable argument shown below:

MR 0 {to select a DRO LNB}

MR 1 {to select a PLL LNB}

• Enable the LNB DC voltage as necessary.

LV 3 {Selects +18VDC}

• Enter the Link Table Definition. Command format is:

LTD table,data_rate,rf_frequency,modulation_type,coding_rate,
outer_block_code_rate,ibs

• Select the link table to acquire. Command format is:

LTA table

• Initiate initial acquisition search mode by entering:

AQ 2

• Observe the following about the front panel indicators:

• The Status indicator is on and remains illuminated red signifying that there is at least one

operating fault.

• When signal acquisition is complete, the Rx Sync indicator is illuminated green and the Status
indicator is off, indicating no operating faults are present.

• The Signal Quality indicator may or may not be illuminated based on the signal-to-noise ratio.

You are finished installing the DBR satellite data broadcast receiver system.

4.9.1 The Receiver Will Not Lock Onto The Satellite Signal

The most common cause of this problem is a lack of signal at the RF input. If there is a problem with the signal,
most likely it is improper pointing of the antenna or the IFL cable. An indication of a lack of signal is the AGC
value. If the AGC gain factor (AG) command indicates a value of 255, there is no signal present.

To troubleshoot this problem:

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1. Ensure the antenna is properly assembled, and recheck the antenna alignment to ensure it is pointed to
the proper satellite.

2. Check the connectors on the IFL cable for proper installation. With the cable disconnected, ensure the
cable passes a continuity and no-short test.

3. Measure the DC output of the DBR at RF Out. The DC level should be approximately 18 V. If DC is
present here, the DBR power supply is OK.

4. Attach the IFL cable to the DBR and measure the DC voltage at the antenna end of the cable. If there is
no DC voltage present on the center conductor of the IFL, the cable is defective.

• If the DC value is below 15 V, there is an excessive DC voltage drop in the cable due to improper
installation or use of the incorrect cable for the distance.

• If the DC value is 15 V minimum, connect the cable to the LNB downconverter. If the AG value is
still 255, then the LNB downconverter is probably defective or the antenna is not pointed
correctly.

5. Ensure the correct polarization of the LNB for the network is set. If it is incorrect, you could have a strong
AG value but not be able to lock on to the carrier.

If the antenna is pointed correctly and the signal is present (AG other than 255), but the unit will not acquire, then
there could be many possible causes. Enter DP on the diagnostic terminal. Check the values of B1, B2, and B3.

If operating in QPSK mode, then spectral inversions, caused by a high-side local oscillator in the transmission
chain, may also prevent lock. Set the DI parameter to compensate for spectral inversion, if necessary.

Check the values of the LTD command. These are dependent on the network configuration. If these commands
do not match the values for the network hub, the receiver will not acquire the signal. Contact the Network
Administrator for assistance.

If any of the other values vary from their expected values, change it to its proper value and enter AQ 2 to restart
signal acquisition.

4.9.2 No Data Is Received from the Data Port

If the front panel Rx Sync LED is on (signal is locked) but no data is available, the most likely cause is that there
is a cabling problem.

To troubleshoot this problem:

1. Double check the pinouts on the cable.

2. Double check that the Signal Quality LED is not active.

3. Verify that the correct carrier has been acquired by ensuring the LO value is reasonably close to the
carrier in question.

4. Try changing DCI (Demodulator Clock Inversion) and/or DDI (Demodulator Data Inversion) such that the

signal is compatible with the external equipment.

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Chapter 5 Remote Monitor and Control Operation

5

5.1 Overview

This chapter details the remote control operation of the receiver. Complete monitoring and control of the receiver
is available using an ASCII computer terminal connected to the RS-232 M&C port located on the rear of the unit.
In addition, the monitor and control console is available by Telnet through the Ethernet connector.

Commands are input by the user to set or display DBR parameters. DBR codes are output by the receiver to
indicate errors, faults, or current status. This chapter:

• Describes the DBR command syntax

• Explains each functional group of commands

• Presents errors, faults, and status codes

• Provides an alphabetical listing of all DBR commands and codes

5.2 Command Syntax

Commands are input to the DBR by sending a sequence of ASCII characters to the receiver M&C port. Each
message consists of a mnemonic string, a single-space character, and an optional parameter followed by a
carriage return. Commands may be entered in either upper or lowercase.

Most commands are used to establish internal parameter values and interrogate their current value. The
parameter may be either a single-digit number referenced as n, a multiple-digit number referenced as nnnnn, or a
single ASCII character or string designated s or string. Syntax that appears in italics represents variable
characters; this syntax varies depending on what information is being requested.

Parameter values are interrogated by replacing the numeric parameter in the command string with a question
mark (?) character, or by simply entering a carriage return immediately following the two-character command.

Some commands do not have parameters associated with them and are terminated with a carriage return.

Example 1: command SP ?

Example 2: command

The first example requests the receiver display the current parameter value(s). The second example
demonstrates the syntax for a command that does not require a parameter (i.e., RE, DC, DP, etc.).

Command actions are performed if the:

• Command is valid

• Parameter value is within the valid range

• Parameter value or command is compatible with the present receiver configuration

• Command or query can be executed immediately

• Commands that do not follow these guidelines produce an error code.

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Maintenance and Troubleshooting

5.3 Password Protection

In providing a measure of security from unauthorized access to the receiver, a login password is provided. The
factory default for the password is HOMEYD. The command and associated parameter syntax is such that the
character case is not distinguished. The user is requested to change the password, using the password change
(PC) command, if protection is desired. If no protection is desired, the login can be disabled using the password
enable (PE) command.

5.4 Command Error Codes

Command errors occur when a command has been mistyped, is inappropriate, or cannot be immediately
executed. The normal response of the receiver is to display one of the error codes/descriptions shown in Table
5-1.

Table 5.1 Error Codes/Descriptions

Error Description

ER 1 Command format error
ER 2 Parameter out of range
ER 3 Command not supported by configuration
ER 4 Command temporarily not supported

5.5 Command Groups

Most commands establish the operating characteristics of the receiver. These commands install permanent
values into memory that remain in place unless changed by the operator. Operators should avoid changing
configuration values unless they are certain of the result. Most of the operating parameters are established at the
uplink at the time of installation and do not change except under specific conditions.

Table 5-2 lists the commands and their description.

The characteristics and use of each command group, along with a summary of commands in
the group, are discussed in following sections. The detailed usage and syntax of individual
commands is presented in the alphabetical listing at the end of this chapter

Table 5.2 Alphabetical Command Listing

Command Description

AG AGC Gain Factor
AL Alarm Reporting
AQ Acquisition Mode
B1 Primary Search (Binning) Range
B2 Secondary Search (Binning) Range
B3 Overall Search (Binning) Range
BY Bye-Logout

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Command Description

CE Channel Error Rate
CF Clear Fault Register
DATE RTC Date
DC Display Configuration
DCI Demodulator Clock Inversion
DDI Demodulator Data Inversion
DI Demodulator Spectral Inversion
DP Display Parameters of Receiver
EB Eb/No Signal Level Query
EE Echo Terminal Input
EM Eb/No Minimum Receive Level
ET Eb/No Alarm Threshold Level
EX Eb/No Maximum Receive Level
FL Fault Query
FM Event and Fault Manager
HM Hex Mode
ID Receiver ID Query
IP IP Address
LA Logical Address Definition
LO Local Oscillator Offset
LT LNB Type
LTA Link Table Acquire
LTD Link Table Define
LTE Link Table Enable
LTW Link Table Wait
LV LNB Voltage
MR Master Reset
NF Number of RF Signal Fades
P2 M&C Port Configuration
PA Packet Address
PC Password Change
PE Password Enable
PO Packet-Only
Q0 Low Signal Quality Threshold Level
Q1 High Signal Quality Threshold Level
RB Read Calculated Bit Error Rate
RE System Reset
RF Read RF Value
SR Status Relay Mask

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Command Description

ST Status Query
TIME RTC Time

5.6 Command Descriptions

The following is an alphabetical list of commands with a detailed description of each command. Items in italics are
variable syntax depending on what information is being requested.

AG AGC Gain Factor

Syntax: AG ?

The AG command displays the gain factor applied to the received RF signal. During normal operation, the gain
factor is constantly adjusted to bring the baseband signal to the same level regardless of input signal power. A
value of 255 indicates no signal is present. A value of 0 indicates receive signal is too strong.

AL Alarm Reporting

Syntax: AL n
AL ?

This command enables/disables the automatic reporting of alarms to the M&C port. Acceptable parameter values
are 1 to enable fault reporting and 0 to disable fault reporting. This command has no effect on the operation of
other commands, such as ST (status query) and FL (fault query). The status of the faults can still be monitored by
the FL query (?) command. The default value is 1 (enabled).

AO Acquisition Offset Frequency

Syntax: AO nnnnnnnn
AO ?

The AO command controls the value of the acquisition offset. The acquisition offset is used to optimize the power­on acquisition process. The acquisition offset value is used by the DBR in its calculations for the frequency at
which it will begin its search for the RF carrier on a power-on acquisition. The value of AO is automatically
updated to the local offset (LO) value if the LO value is ever greater than 50 kHz. On subsequent power cycles,
the DBR uses this offset value in AO to shorten the time needed to find the RF carrier. Valid values for nnnnnnnn
are between –4000000 Hz and 4000000 Hz.

The ideal value for AO is the value read back from the local oscillator (LO) which compensates for the theoretical
value and the actual value of the oscillator in the LNB/ODU. Caution should be exercised when changing AO to
make sure that the AO value and the actual RF offset is not greater than the acquisition range of the DBR.

AQ Acquisition Mode

Syntax: AQ n
AQ ?

This command is used to establish the acquisition type and to query the receiver for the currently active
acquisition type. The value of n specifies what type of acquisition the receiver is to perform. The query reports the
receiver acquisition status. Table 5-16 is a listing of the acquisition types and the corresponding action or status
that the types represent.

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Table 5.3 Acquisition Type, Action, Status

Type Action Status

0 Disable acquisition Acquisition disabled/complete
1 Initiate fade acquisition Fade acquisition in progress
2 Initiate power-on acquisition Power-on acquisition in progress

A fade acquisition is automatically initiated whenever RF sync is lost while the receiver is locked onto a carrier.
During a fade acquisition the DBR concentrates its search for the RF carrier at the frequency where it last
achieved RF sync, based on the B1 and B2 values.

A power-on acquisition occurs any time the DBR is power cycled. A power-on acquisition begins its search for the
RF carrier at the start acquisition frequency. The start acquisition frequency is calculated by the DBR using the
value of the RF parameter defined in the link table definition (LTD) command. The offset value specified in the
acquisition offset (AO) command is also added to the calculated start acquisition frequency.

A detailed description of the DBR binning and acquisition processes can be found in the chapter on Functional
Description and Theory of Operation.

B1 Primary Search (Binning) Range

Syntax: B1 ?

The B1 command is a query-only command that returns the value of the frequency range that will be searched for
the primary (B1) bin. The value of this parameter is determined by the symbol rate and is given in units of kHz.

B1 and B2 are used together. When performing fade acquisition, the B1 range is searched first for the carrier
signal. If the carrier is not found in the B1 range, the range indicated by the B2 parameter is searched above and
below the B1 range. After the search of a B2 range, the B1 range is searched again.

When all B2 ranges have been searched within the user-specified acquisition range limit (B3) without finding the
carrier, the search pattern is repeated from the beginning. A detailed description of the DBR acquisition process
can be found in the chapter on Functional Description and Theory of Operation.

B2 Secondary Search (Binning) Range

Syntax: B2 ?

The B2 command is a query-only command that returns the value of the frequency range that will be searched
upon a fade acquisition for the secondary (B2) bin.

The value of B2 is determined by the symbol rate and is given in units of kHz. It denotes the frequency range to
search for the carrier outside the B1 range. If the carrier has not been located when all the B2 ranges are
exhausted, the search begins again. A detailed description of the DBR acquisition process can be found in the
chapter on Functional Description and Theory of Operation.

B3 Overall Search (Binning) Range

Syntax: B3 nnnn
B3 ?

The B3 command is used to specify the maximum frequency range that will be searched when the DBR is
attempting to acquire the carrier in either installation or fade acquisition mode. Valid values are between 0 and
4000 in units of kHz offset from the RF frequency plus the acquisition offset defined by AO. The ? parameter
causes the current B3 value to be displayed.

The default values are 3,000 when operating with a DRO LNB and 100 when operating with a PLL LNB.

The nnnn parameter denotes the overall frequency range to search for the carrier. When this value is reached,
the acquisition search is repeated from the beginning. A detailed description of the DBR acquisition process can
be found in the chapter on Functional Description and Theory of Operation.

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BY Bye-Logout

Syntax: BY

This command performs a manual logout. The receiver automatically logs out after five minutes of inactivity at the
M&C port.

CE Channel Error Rate

Syntax: CE ?
CE

This query-only command provides the current calculated channel error rate, coded so that 65 = 6x10-5. The
lowest channel error rate displayed is 09 (0x10-9).

CF Clear Fault Register

Syntax: CF nn

This command clears the Fault Register and permits re-reporting of active faults. Once a fault is set and reported,
no further occurrences of the fault will be reported until the fault is reset.

Parameter values for nn are integers in the range of 0 to 32, inclusive. CF 0 clears all active faults. Other values
for nn correspond to the bit number of a fault as defined in the fault register. The FL and ST command
descriptions contain a complete list of all fault code bit numbers.

DATE Date

Syntax: DATE month_nn,date_nn,year_nnnn
DATE ?

This command allows the user to enter the current date of the real time clock. The valid range for month_nn is 1
to 12. The valid range of date_nn is 1 to 31. The valid range of year_nnnn is 2000 to 2199.

DC Display Configuration of Receiver

Syntax: DC ?
DC

This command displays a summary output of the present control software.

The DC command is valid in ASCII-mode only.

DCI Demodulator Clock Inversion

Syntax: DCI n
DCI ?

This command inverts the RS-422 clock output on the Data and AUX ports of the DBR. A value of 0 for n results
in no clock inversion while a value of 1 results in clock inversion.

DDI Demodulator Data Inversion

Syntax: DDI n
DDI ?

This command inverts the RS-422 data output on the Data and AUX ports of the DBR. A value of 0 for n results in
no data inversion while a value of 1 results in data inversion.

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DI Demodulator Spectral Inversion

Syntax: DI n
DI ?

This command compensates for a spectral inversion in the transmission path. A value of 0 for n results disables
spectral inversion while a value of 1 enables spectral inversion.

DP Display Parameters of Receiver

Syntax: DP ?
DP

This command requests a summary output of all command parameters that are single valued. Commands that
have multiple parameter sets, such as LTD, are not displayed. DP requires no parameter and is equivalent to
issuing a query for every available command.

The DP command is valid in ASCII-mode only.

EB Eb/No Signal Level Query

Syntax: EB ?
EB

This command queries the receiver for the present energy per bit with respect to noise (Eb/No) in a 1 Hz
bandwidth on the channel.

An estimate of the Eb/No is returned in the range of 3 dB to 20 dB. The Eb/No value is in 0.1 dB steps with an
accuracy of ±0.5 dB in the range between 4.0 and 10 dB. This value is valid approximately 20 seconds after DBR
acquisition and is updated every five seconds.

The maximum Eb/No value for all Viterbi rates is 11.5 dB.

EE Echo Terminal Input

Syntax: EE n
EE ?

This command specifies whether characters input to the M&C port on the DBR are echoed at the M&C port
output. Echoing sends back each character received so that it appears on the display of the M&C port CRT
terminal. A value of 0 disables the echo. A value of 1, which is the default, enables the echo.

EM Eb/No Minimum Receive Level

Syntax: EM 0
EM ?

This command queries the receiver for the minimum Eb/No value that was measured since the last time the
minimum value was reset.

EM 0 resets the minimum value of Eb/No to the highest possible Eb/No value. The minimum value is not affected
if the receiver loses lock. The default is 20.

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ET Eb/No Alarm Threshold Level

Syntax: ET n.m
ET ?

This command configures the receiver for a minimum Eb/No threshold. An Eb/No threshold error is generated
whenever the value of Eb/No is strictly less than the ET value. The format for the number is n.m, where 0 < n
and 0 ≤ m ≤ 9. The default value is 3.5.

≤

20

EX Maximum Eb/No

Syntax: EX 0
EX ?

Front Panel:

Interfaces > Demod Status >

Max Eb/No: 0.0 – 21.0

This command queries the receiver for the maximum Eb/No value recorded since the last maximum value was
reset. The format of the command is EX 0, which resets the maximum value of Eb/No to the lowest possible
Eb/No value.

FL Fault Query

Syntax: FL ?
FL

This command queries the receiver for the fault history of the receiver. Fault codes (numbers) and response
values are retained in a fault register until the faults are cleared using the CF command. Each bit and associated
fault weight are assigned to a particular fault indication. The fault/status map is shown in Table 5-23. The bits in
the fault register are identical to those in the status register. (For more information, refer to the ST command
section in this chapter.) If the hex mode (HM) is enabled (1), then the output is displayed in the hexadecimal
format given in Table 5-23, with all bits displayed that are set.

If the hex mode is disabled (default), then the output value is the decimal summation of all set fault bits.

For example, if faults 17 and 18 are active, the returned value for the FL ? command is 196608 (decimal) or
0x00030000 (hex).

A detailed description of what each fault means is provided in the chapter on Maintenance and Troubleshooting.

Table 5.4 Fault Summary

Fault

Number

1 Not used 0x00000001 1
2 Not used 0x00000002 2
3 Not used 0x00000004 4
4 Not used 0x00000008 8
5 AGC Range Fault 0x00000010 16
6 Bit Time Lock Fault 0x00000020 32
7 Carrier Tracking Lock Fault 0x00000040 64
8 FEC Decoder Sync Fault 0x00000080 128
9 Acquisition Range Fault 0x00000100 256

10 Carrier Tracking Range Fault 0x00000200 512

Fault Description Hex Weight

Decimal

Weight

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Fault

Fault Description Hex Weight

Number

11 Not used 0x00000400 1024
12 Bit Time Range Fault 0x00000800 2048
13 Nonvolatile Memory Fault 0x00001000 4096
14 Not used 0x00002000 8192
15 Not used 0x00004000 16384
16 Watchdog Timer Fault 0x00008000 32768
17 Not used 0x00010000 65536
18 Not used 0x00020000 131072
19 Not used 0x00040000 262144
20 Not used 0x00080000 524288
21 Not used 0x00100000 1048576
22 Not used 0x00200000 2097152
23 Not used 0x00400000 4194304
24 Not used 0x00800000 8388608
25 Eb/No Threshold Fault 0x01000000 16777216
26 Not used 0x02000000 33554432
27 EPROM Checksum Fault 0x04000000 67108864
28 S/W Download Failure 0x08000000 134217728
29 Not used 0x10000000 268435456
30 Not used 0x20000000 536870912
31 Not used 0x40000000 1073741824

Decimal

Weight

FM Event Manager

Syntax: FM CURRENT
FM HISTORY
FM CLEAR

Front Panel:

Events >

Current Events

Event History

Clear History

This command monitors and controls recorded events by the receiver. The CURRENT parameter displays events
that are currently active. The HISTORY parameter displays events that have occurred in the past and have been
logged. The CLEAR parameter will erase the events from the logged events.

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HM Hex Mode

Syntax: HM n
HM ?
HM

This command assigns the display format for the ST and FL commands to be decimal or hexadecimal. Valid
values for n are 0, hex mode disabled (display decimal format), or 1, hex mode enabled. A query displays the
current format.

ID Receiver ID Query

Syntax: ID ?

This command displays the DBR ID serial number, which is used for individual unit addressing. The number
should be identical to the unit ID number as displayed on the label at the rear of the chassis.

IP IP Address

Syntax: IP address_nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn,mask_nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn,gateway_nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn
IP ?
IP

This command defines the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway of the receiver. The parameters are
required for any IP-based applications such as Telnet. The valid range for address_nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn and
gateway_nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn is 0.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 with the exception of 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255. The
valid range of mask_nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn is 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.

Note that an IP Address of 0.0.0.0 disables the Ethernet port.

LA Logical Address Definition

Syntax: LA nn,address_nnnnn
LA ?
LA

This command allows the receiver to respond to logical addresses received over the network control channel. Up
to 32 logical addresses can be assigned to each receiver. The valid range for address_nnnnn is 1 to 16383. An
individual 0 for the address clears the logical address assignment. The receiver responds to all logical addresses
assigned and its unique physical address (unit ID).

The default value is No Logical Addresses Assigned.

Example:

The following command configures logical address 3 to 9312. The remote receiver will then act upon network
control messages addressed to unit 9312.

LA 3,9312

LO Local Oscillator Offset

Syntax: LO ?
LO

The LO value represents the difference between the start acquisition frequency and the frequency where the
carrier was actually located. The LO value represents the sum of the offsets that are present at the receive site.
These offsets include the offset present in the LO of the LNB and the LO of the receiver. With a knowledge of the
actual offsets present at the receive site, the DBR can optimize its acquisition process.

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LT LNB Type

Syntax: LT n
LT ?

The LNB-type command allows the user to select a mode in which the receiver automatically selects the LNB
type.

The selection of the proper LNB type modifies receiver parameters that are needed to perform carrier tracking
properly. The two types of LNBs that are used at the remote site system are DRO and PLL. A value of 0 for n
configures the receiver for a DRO-type LNB, whereas a value of 1 for n configures the receiver for a PLL-type
LNB.

A value of 2 for n instructs the receiver to automatically select the type of LNB. The receiver uses the current
modulation type, as specified in the LTD command, to determine for which LNB type to configure. If the current
modulation type is BPSK, the receiver configures for a DRO-type LNB, whereas if the modulation type is QPSK,
the receiver configures for a PLL-type LNB. The receiver automatically selects the LNB type prior to every RF
acquisition attempted.

The default value for LT is 0.

LTA Link Table Acquire

Syntax: LTA A
LTA B
LTA ?

This command is used to instruct the DBR to acquire Link Table A or B as defined by the LTD command. When
attempting to acquire a new Link Table when the DBR is already locked to an existing Link Table, the time defined
by LTW is adhered to before the acquisition is attempted.

LTD Link Table Define

Syntax: LTD Table_n,DR_nnnn,RF_nnnn,RM_n,RC_n,RSC_n
LTD Table_n
LTD ?

This command is used to instruct the DBR to acquire Link Table A or B as defined by the LTD command. When
attempting to acquire a new Link Table when the DBR is already locked to an existing Link Table, the time defined
by LTW is adhered to before the acquisition is attempted.

Table 5.5 Parameter Descriptions

Parameter Description

Table_n Table to be configured. Valid tables are A and B.
DR_nnnn

RF_nnnn

RM_n Specifies the receive modulation type: 0 = BPSK, 1 = QPSK
RC_n

Specifies the receive data rate (bits/sec). Valid data rates are between: 64000 and 448000
depending on the values of RM and RC.

• Specifies the RF input frequency to be received. The range of valid receive frequencies are:

• L-band 950000 kHz to 1750000 kHz

• C-band 3.7 to 4.2 GHz

• Ku-band 10.95 to 11.699 GHz, 11.7 to 12.2 GHz, and 12.25 to 12.75 GHz

• All values are entered in increments of 1000 Hz (1 kHz). For:

• Ku-band: 8 digits for nnnn

• C-band: 7 digits for nnnn

Optional field; specifies the inner convolutional coding rate and method. 1 = rate ½ Viterbi; 2 = rate
rate 2/3 Viterbi; 3 = rate 3/4 Viterbi; 5 = rate 5/6 Viterbi; 7 = rate 7/8 Viterbi; 8 = rate 1/2 Sequential;

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 5-23

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Parameter Description

9 = rate 3/4 Sequential

RSC_n

Specifies the outer block code rate; 0 = no block coding; 1 = DVB compliant rate 188/204; 2 = non­DVB mode rate 187/204

An additional restriction exists on link tables beyond the above parameter limits. The receive symbol rate of the
receiver should be less than 256000 sps for optimal performance.

Symbol rate can be queried with the RR command and is calculated using the following formula:

Symbol Rate = (Data Rate) * (1/Viterbi or 1/Sequential) * (1/Reed-Solomon) * (1 for BPSK or

1/2 for QPSK)

where Data Rate = LTD data rate parameter.

LTE Link Table Enable

Syntax: LTE n
LTE ?

This command is used to enable the link tables. A value of 1 for n enables the current link table and a value of 2
for n enables both link tables.

LTW Link Table Wait

Syntax: LTW n
LTW ?

This command is used to specify the number of seconds that the DBR waits before switching link tables. This
value is only used when LTE is set to a value of 2. A value of 0 for n disables the LTW feature; values between 1
second and 14400 seconds (4 hours) are valid for n.

The LTW time value forces the acquisition algorithm to delay before switching from the link table specified before
beginning to ping-pong. After this wait time has expired, the acquisition algorithm resumes trying each link table,
one directly after the other, without any further delay time. The wait time is only applied one time in an LTA
acquisition.

The purpose of LTW is to allow the DBR to concentrate on the link table specified by LTA for a period of time. If
after that time period there has been no successful acquisition of the specified table, then the acquisition will
resume normal ping-pong method of LTE 2, where acquisition of both link tables is attempted. Especially in the
case where there are two RF signals that the DBR is allowed to access, it is important to inform the receiver
which signal should take priority.

LTW is not applied to an acquisition caused by the AQ command, the loss of received signal or cycling power.

LV LNB Voltage

Syntax: LV n
LV ?

The LNB Voltage can be disabled or adjusted to +13VDC, +14VDC, +18VDC, +19VDC. Most LNBs require
+18VDC although some only require +13VDC. If a cable run is extremely long, it may be necessary to provide an
additional volt to compensate for the voltage loss.

A value of 0 for n disables the LNB voltage output. A value of 1 for n outputs an LNB voltage of +13V. A value of 2
for n outputs an LNB voltage of +14V. A value of 3 for n outputs an LNB voltage of +18V. A value of 4 for n
outputs an LNB voltage of +19V.

The default value for LV is 0.

5-24 Tiernan DBR3000

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

MR Master Reset

Syntax: MR n
MR ?

The value of n determines the type of reinitialization that will occur. A value of 0 reinitializes the receiver for a
DRO LNB, whereas a value of 1 instructs the receiver to reinitialize for a PLL LNB. As a safety feature, two
identical MR commands must be issued within 10 seconds of each other before the receiver begins to reinitialize
its parameters.

This command initializes all DBR parameters to factory default settings. All user-specific
configuration information is lost. For the receiver to achieve RF sync, this user-specific
information must be re-entered.

NF Number of RF Signal Fades

Syntax: NF ?
NF
NF 0

This command displays the number of RF signal fades since the counter was last cleared. NF 0 resets the
counter.

P2 M&C Port Configuration

Syntax: P2 baud,parity,data bits,stop bits
P2 ?

This command configures the diagnostic port for the specified parameters. Valid values for these parameters are
shown in Table 5-29.

Table 5.6 Valid Parameter Values for the P2 Command

Parameter Valid Values

Baud 0,300,1200,2400,4800,9600,19200,38400,57600,115200
Parity O (odd), N (none), or E (even)
Data bits 7 or 8
Stop bits 1 or 2

The default value is 2400,O,7,1. Should the port parameters be changed to an unknown value, pins 8 and 12 on
the AUX port may be shorted together while the unit is power cycled to cause the receiver to revert back to its
default console port setting.

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 5-25

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

This setting affects both RS-232 and RS-485 drivers and receivers.

PA Packet Address

Syntax: PA n
PA ?

This command is used to set the packet address of the receiver. The packet address is the external device
address to which the receiver responds when attached to an RS-485 multidrop bus. Using a terminal program that
supports Tiernan/ComStream packet protocol, each receiver on the bus can receive commands that are
specifically addressed to that receiver, addressed to a group of receivers (of which the receiver is a member), or
addressed to all receivers.

Valid values for n are 1 to 31 and the default value is 31.

PC Password Change

Syntax: PC current password,new password,new password

This command allows the user to change the password of the receiver. A password must be between five and 10
alphanumeric characters.

Example:

To change the default password HOMEYD to the new password ABC123, enter the following:

PC HOMEYD, ABC123, ABC123

Do not forget that changes made to the password, upon logoff or power cycle, require the entry
of the password to access any other user commands.

PE Password Enable

Syntax: PA n
PA ?

This command is used to enable or disable the password protection on the M&C port of the receiver. When n is 0,
the password protection is disabled and when n is 1, password protection is enabled.

PO Packet-Only

Syntax: PO n
PO ?

The packet-only command is used to place the receiver in a mode so that the receiver will only accept commands
from the M&C port that are formatted in the Tiernan/ComStream packet protocol format. Tiernan/ComStream
packet protocol contains addressing information that allows the DBR to be placed on a 485 multidrop bus. When
on a multidrop bus, it is recommended that the receiver be placed in packet-only mode to eliminate the possibility
of the receiver responding to a command that was not addressed to it.

A value of 1 for n directs the receiver to accept packet commands. A value of 0 for n instructs the receiver to
accept packet, as well as nonpacket, formatted commands. The default is 0.

5-26 Tiernan DBR3000

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Once the receiver is set to Packet Only mode (PO = 1) all further communication (including
commands to exit packet mode) must be in Tiernan/ComStream Packet Protocol. Attempts to
communicate in standard ASCII text will be ignored.

To escape from inadvertent entry into Packet Only mode, pins 8 and 12 on the AUX port may be shorted together
while the unit is power cycled to cause the receiver to revert back to its default M&C port settings.

Q0 Low Signal Quality Threshold Level

Syntax: Q0 n.n
Q0 ?
Q0

This command sets or reads the lower limit signal strength threshold. The receiver uses the values set in Q0 and
Q1 to report the current status of the signal strength via the front panel Signal indicator. The receiver compares
the present value of the measured Eb/N0 with the user values of Q0 and Q1. The receiver displays the signal
strength via the front panel Signal indicator, as shown in Table 5-32.

Table 5.7 Signal Strength LED Indication

Signal Strength LED Indication

Eb > Q1 On
Q0 < Eb < Q1 Blinking
Eb < Q0 Off

The default value for Q0 is 4.0 dB.

Q1 High Signal Quality Threshold Level

Syntax: Q1 n.n
Q1 ?
Q1

This command sets or reads the upper limit signal strength threshold. The receiver uses the values set in Q0 and
Q1 to report the current status of the signal strength via the front panel Signal indicator.

The default value for Q1 is 7.0 dB.

RB Read Calculated Bit Error Rate

Syntax: RB ?
RB

This query displays the decoder estimated output bit error rate in the format n.n which represents the estimated
bit error rate in scientific notation. The first number represents the integer portion of the rate. The second number
represents the negative of the exponent (i.e., 26 represents 2 x 10-6, or 0.000002).

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 5-27

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

RE System Reset

Syntax: RE

The RE command resets the unit to a known state as defined by the stored parameters in nonvolatile memory.
This command does not reset the unit to the factory default settings.

RF Read RF Value

Syntax: RF ?
RF

The RF command queries the C- or Ku-band frequency to be received at the input of the ODU LNB. The range of
downlink frequencies received by the DBR are 3.7 to 4.2 GHz, 10.95 to 11.699 GHz, 11.7 to 12.2 GHz, and 12.25
to 12.75 GHz.

RR Receive Symbol Rate

Syntax: RR ?
RR

The RR command queries the current symbol rate of the DBR in symbols per second (sps). RR reflects the actual
channel symbol rate directly correlated to the occupied channel bandwidth.

SR Status Relay Mask

Syntax: SR nnnn
SR ?
SR

This command sets or reads the status relay mask. The value nnnn is a decimal number that represents the bit
map of the faults to be monitored by the status relay. For example, to set faults 6, 7, and 8, you would input 224
(32+64+128) as the value of nnnn. (For a listing of fault monitors and their decimal weighting, refer to the FL
command.)

The default value is 4286578687, which enables all faults but FL 24 to activate the relay and front panel IDU Fault
indicator.

ST Status Query

Syntax: ST ?
ST

This command causes the receiver to display the current content of the status register. The FL ? command gives
the faults that have occurred since the last time the fault register was cleared. The ST ? command gives the
current condition of those fault monitors. Bits in the status register are defined exactly as the fault register. The ST
command will display a decimal or hexadecimal encoded value of the bits in the status register depending on the
HM command value.

TIME Time

Syntax: TIME hour_nn:minutes_nn:seconds_nn
TIME ?

This command allows the user to enter the current time of the real time clock. The clock uses 24-hour time format.
The valid range for hour_nn is 1 to 23. The valid range for minutes_nn is 1 to 59. The valid range for seconds_nn
is 1 to 59.

5-28 Tiernan DBR3000

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Chapter 6 Maintenance and Troubleshooting

6

This chapter provides:

• DBR maintenance information

• An alphabetical listing of DBR key performance monitoring commands and fault conditions, including a

detailed description of each command and fault condition

• Troubleshooting tips

6.1 Maintenance

The DBR does not require periodic or preventive maintenance. There are no adjustments or configuration
switches or jumpers external or internal to the unit. The power input is protected with an inline fuse located within
the power supply inside the receiver. The fuse is designed to protect the unit from internal damage in the event of
a severe power line condition or internal failure. This fuse is not serviceable by the user.

A battery-backed SRAM memory is used to store the nonvolatile user configuration while power is off. The
average battery life at 25 degrees Celsius is 10 years. The battery is not serviceable by the user.

6.2 Performance Monitoring

The DBR receiver has a number of commands that provide performance monitoring of key system parameters.
By interrogating these parameters for key receiver sites on a periodic basis, the overall system performance level
can be determined and changed if necessary.

In implementing performance monitoring, key downlink sites would be selected. At these sites, the DBR Telnet
server can be utilized to login to the console. The key performance monitoring commands and how they can be
used in measuring symptom performance are detailed in the following paragraphs.

6.2.1 Eb/No Minimum Receive Level (EM)

The minimum receive signal level Eb/No is measured and recorded using the EM command. This parameter
indicates how weak the receive signal has become due to local weather conditions and fades, antenna
misalignment, etc., since the last time the parameter was reset. By monitoring key receive sites across the
network, a determination of actual system availability can be made based on measured fades.

If actual numbers differ from the desired availability, corrective action can be taken. Either the satellite downlink
power can be increased or the receive antenna size can be increased for the affected locations.

6.2.2 Number of RF Signal Fades (NF)

This command records the number of RF signal fades that have occurred since the last time the counter was
reset. While the EM command records the lowest signal level, this command records the number of signal fade
events. A fade event occurs when the receiver loses RF signal lock for any reason. A fade causes a disruption in
data output. Typically, a fade occurs due to weather conditions, although any event causing the signal to be
temporarily interrupted could be the cause. Examples of this would be antenna obstruction by a large truck, IFL
cable damage causing intermittent connections, and so on.

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 6-29

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Receiver sites that record fade events should be investigated to determine the cause so that uninterrupted service
can be provided.

6.3 Fault Condition Descriptions

This section provides a detailed description of each fault condition to aid in troubleshooting.

FL 5 - AGC Range Fault

This fault indicates the input signal to the demodulator is less than -75 dBm or greater than -20 dBm
(approximately).

FL 6 - Bit Time Lock Fault

An FL 6 fault means the demodulator bit time loop has lost lock. The receiver output data is disabled when this
fault occurs.

FL 7 - Carrier Tracking Lock Fault

This fault means the demodulator carrier tracking loop has lost lock. The receiver output data is disabled when
this fault occurs.

FL 8 - FEC Decoder Sync Fault

An FL 8 fault indicates the FEC decoder output BER is greater than 10

-2

(approximately).

FL 9 - Acquisition Range Fault

This fault means the demodulator has completed a search of all frequencies out to the limits defined by the B3
parameter and was unable to acquire a carrier.

FL 10 - Carrier Tracking Range Fault

An FL 10 fault means the demodulator carrier tracking register has reached its maximum (or minimum) setting.

FL12 - Bit Time Range Fault

This fault indicates the demodulator bit time accumulator has reached its maximum (or minimum) setting.

FL 13 - Nonvolatile Memory Fault

An FL 13 fault means one of the parameters in the demodulator nonvolatile memory may have become corrupted.
If this indication occurs repeatedly, the nonvolatile memory is defective and the unit should be returned for
servicing.

FL 16 - Watchdog Timer Fault

This fault indication means the demodulator microprocessor fault timer has failed to reset. FL 16 normally
indicates a memory fault, meaning the unit may be operating in an unintended manner. When this fault occurs,
the system automatically resets.

FL 25 - Eb/No Threshold Fault

An FL 25 fault indicates the measured RF signal level (Eb/No) has dropped below the level set by the ET
command.

FL 27 - Flash Memory Checksum Fault

This fault means the main control processor memory has been corrupted and is not functioning normally. If this
fault persists, the unit should be returned for servicing.

FL 28 - Software Download Failure

This fault indicates a software download was not successful. The control processor continues to operate from the
currently operating software while this fault is active. Once the download is successful, this fault automatically
clears.

6-30 Tiernan DBR3000

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

6.4 Troubleshooting

This troubleshooting section is provided to aid in isolating equipment problems and suggesting appropriate
actions toward solving problems. If a particular problem cannot be resolved after reviewing the following material,
or if a Tiernan equipment failure is suspected, then seek further assistance by contacting your Tiernan distributor
or uplink provider. If equipment is purchased directly from Tiernan, contact Tiernan customer service for
assistance.

6.4.1 Before Troubleshooting

Before troubleshooting the unit, go through the following questions:

• Have there been any power or bad weather problems in the area? Snow-filled dishes need to be
manually swept out, even if they have a Velox coating.

• Is the DBR mounted on a rack or is it free-standing? Is it located in a closet? If so, is there sufficient air
circulation in the closet? Is the DBR near a heat-generating source? Does it exceed the Tiernan ambient
temperature specifications? The receiver requires sufficient space for proper ventilation.

• Is the receiver connected to an uninterruptible power source (UPS)?

• Was anyone recently working on the equipment or has anyone been near the satellite dish? If so, visually

check the equipment to ensure the power has not been turned off, there are no loose cables, or any
damaged connectors.

• Is the receiver located at the uplink or is it a downlink in a network? If it is a downlink, are other downlinks
experiencing any problems?

6.4.2 Symptoms and Actions

This section has been developed to help you diagnose and correct minor problems in the unlikely event that you
experience difficulties with your DBR.

Power light is not illuminated

1. Ensure the unit is plugged into an active AC outlet and the power cord is firmly plugged into the rear
panel receptacle.

2. Verify the AC power source is supplying 85 to 264 VAC, 47 to 63 Hz.

3. Ensure the power cord is not at fault by replacing it with a known working cord.

4. If the problem persists, it indicates a possible internal fuse failure-do not attempt to repair it. Contact
Tiernan for technical support.

Unable to communicate with the receiver

1. Ensure the correct terminal, cable, and configuration is being used:

• Ensure an ASCII terminal or a PC with a terminal emulator program, such as PROCOMM®, is
being used.

• Ensure the RS-232 cable is connected to the M&C port via a straight-through DB-9 cable.

• Verify the connection between pins 2 and 3 at both ends of the cable. Ensure pin 4, Data

Terminal Ready (DTR), is an active input (high) of the M&C port.

• Check to see if the terminal is configured properly: full-duplex ASCII communications at 2400
baud, 7 data bits, odd parity, and 1 stop bit (default).

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 6-31

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

2. Once the terminal has been connected and configured, press the Enter key to see if the login message
displays.

If the login message:

• Does not display, using the front panel, change the console port settings as appropriate for your
terminal settings. Press the Enter key again. If the login message still does not display, the
terminal program may be set for an incorrect setting. The DBR can be put into a known setting of
2400 bps, 7 data bits, odd parity and 1 stop bit by shorting pins 8 and 12 on the AUX port. If the
login message still does not display, contact Tiernan Customer Service.

• Enter commands to see if the responses are displayed. If the commands are not echoed to the
display, ensure the command echo is enabled by entering EE 1. If they do not display after
enabling the echo feature, contact Tiernan for technical support.

Power light is not illuminated

1. Verify cable connectivity between the two cable ends. Use a multimeter to ohm-out after disconnecting
the cable. Examine the connectors for improper assembly. If the problem persists, contact Tiernan for
technical support.

Rx Sync light is not illuminated

1. Ensure the configuration parameters are correct for the installed application using the LTD, LTA and DI
commands.

2. If the configuration parameters have been confirmed:

• Connect the spectrum analyzer to the LNB output via a DC coupled splitter.

• Ensure a proper L-band signal is present and above –75dBm.

• If required, repeak the antenna.

Signal Quality light is illuminated or is blinking

This indicates the receive signal strength is below the value set by the Q0 or Q1 commands.

If the Sync light is not illuminated, the signal is too weak. Check the signal strength by entering each of the
following commands: Q0 ?, Q1 ?, EB ?.

If the value for EB is less than the default value for Q1, repeak the antenna for maximum signal strength.

If the signal strength is too weak, the addition of a passive, in-line amplifier may be required.

Status light is blinking or illuminated red

If the light is illuminated:

1. Connect a terminal to the M&C port on the receiver.

2. Enter FL ? or FM CURRENT to determine what type of fault is occurring.

3. Follow the action descriptions associated with each fault type.

• Faults 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 are common faults and may indicate the following:

- LTD is not configured correctly for carrier acquisition

- The carrier is not present

6-32 Tiernan DBR3000

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

• If the above faults are present, verify carrier status and configuration before contacting Tiernan
for technical support.

Tiernan DBR3000 Page 6-33

Chapter 7 Technical Specifications and Port Information

LNB Downconverter (Outdoor
Unit - ODU)

L-band Demodulator
(Indoor Unit - IDU)

Input frequency range: 11.7 to 12.2 GHz

12.25 to 12.75 GHz

10.95 to 11.7 GHz

3.7 to 4.2 GHz

Output frequency range: 950 to 1450 MHz

950 to 1700 MHz
Conversion gain: 55 to 70 dB
Local oscillator: DRO (BPSK) or PLL (QPSK)
Input frequency range: 950 to 1700 MHz, F connector, 75 ohm

Output power (to LNB):

Input signal level: -75 to -20 dBm
Frequency step size: 1 kHz steps
Demodulation type: BPSK or QPSK
FEC decoding: Sequential rate ½ and 3/4

BER performance:

Data Rates: 32 – 448 kbps variable in 1 bps increments
Symbol rates: 64 - 256 ksps

+13,14,18,19 VDC, 750 mA maximum

current – or OFF

DVB-Viterbi rate 1/2, 2/3, ¾, 5/6 and 7/8; or

concatenated Viterbi and Reed Solomon rate

187/204 and 188/204

128 kbps (BPSK) 1x10-5 at 4.0 dB Eb/No,

Sequential rate ½

128 kbps (QPSK) 1x10-5 at 4.5 dB Eb/No,

Sequential rate ½

Max Eb/No for BER < 1e-10 after RS: Vit 1/2

= 4.5 dB, Vit 2/3 = 5.0 dB, Vit 3/4 = 5.5 dB,

Vit 5/6 = 6.0 dB, Vit 7/8 = 6.4 dB

7

Mechanical (IDU)

Tiernan DBR3000 Page

Size: 1.75" H x 17.375" W x 15.75" D

Unit weight: 6 lbs
Shipping weight: 12 lbs
Power
Input voltage (AC): 90 to 264 VAC
Frequency: 47 to 63 Hz
Consumption: < 20 W typical
Environmental

(1 RU 19" rack-mount)

7-1

Technical Specifications and Port Information

Regulatory Compliance

Monitor and Control
Capabilities

Rear Panel Ports

Shipping Kit Contents

Temperature: 0 to 50°C (IDU, operating)

-20 to 75°C (IDU, nonoperating)

-40 to +50°C (ODU, operating)

-50 to +60°C (ODU, nonoperating)

Humidity: 0 to 95% noncondensing (IDU, operating)

0% to 100% condensing (ODU, operating)
Safety CE marking
Emissions CE marking
Monitor:

Receive signal level (Eb/No) channel error

rate, AGC level, bit error rate, equipment

alarms and faults, performance monitoring
Control:

Receive channel configuration, data port

settings, etc.
Status (Front Panel): Power, RF Sync, Fault summary
Aux Port
Connector: DB-15, female
Functions: Receiver fault alarm relay (Form A)

Synchronous RS-422
Data Port
Interface type: Synchronous RS-422
Connector: DB-25, female
M&C Port
Interface type:

Asynchronous RS-232 and addressable

RS-485 multidrop using

Tiernan/ComStream's packet protocol
Connector: DB-9, female, with DTR control
Default parameters:

2400, 7 data bits, odd parity, 1 stop bit, RS-

232 (programmable)
Functions:

Unit configuration, diagnostics, and status;

connects to ASCII terminal or telco

modem.
Power Cable (IEC 320) – Qty. 1

Manual – Qty. 1
Firmware Release Notes – Qty. 1

7-2 Tiernan DBR3000

Appendix A Interface Pinouts

Data Port

Table A.1 DB-25 Female, Connector

Pin # I/O Name Description

1 - - Not Used
2 I TD Transmit Data (Reserved)
3 O RD Receive Data (Reserved)
4 - - Not Used
5 - - Not Used
6 O DSR Data Set Ready (Reserved)
7 - - Not Used
8 - - Not Used

9 O AUXRT- RT Clock RS-422 (-)
10 - - Not Used
11 O AUXRD- Rcv Data RS-422 (-)
12 - - Not Used
13 O SG Signal Ground
14 - - Not Used
15 - - Not Used
16 - - Not Used
17 - - Not Used
18 - - Not Used
19 - - Not Used
20 - - Not Used
21 - - Not Used
22 O AUXRT+ RT Clock RS-422 (+)
23 - - Not Used
24 O AUXRD+ Rcv Data RS-422 (+)
25 - - Not Used

A

Tiernan DBR3000 Page

A-1

Interface Pinouts

M&C Port

Table A.3 DB-9 Female, RS-232/RS-485 Connector

Pin # I/O Name Description

1 O DSR Data Set Ready
2 O RD Receive Data, RS-232
3 I TD Transmit Data, RS-232
4 I DTR Data Terminal Ready
5 O SG Signal Ground
6 I TD+ Transmit Data, RS-485 (+)
7 O RD+ Receive Data, RS-485 (+)
8 I TD- Transmit Data, RS-485 (-)
9 O RD- Receive Data, RS-485 (-)

Auxiliary Port

Table A.7 DB-15 Female Connector

Pin # I/O Name Description

1 O StatusNC Status Closure Contact Closed on Fault
2 O StatusNO Status Closure Contact Open on Fault
3 I BBRD- BB Rec. Data RS-422 (-) (Reserved)
4 O RD- Receive Data RS-422 (-) [A]
5 - - Not Used
6 O RT- Receive Timing RS-422 (-) [A]
7 I BBRT- BB Rec. Timing RS-422 (-) (Reserved)
8 O SG Signal Ground

9 O StatusCOM Status Closure Common
10 I BBRD+ BB Rec. Data RS-422 (+) (Reserved)
11 O RD+ Receive Data RS-422 (+) [B]
12 I M&C Reset Monitor and Control Port Reset Input
13 O RT+ Receive Timing RS-422 (+) [B]
14 I BBRT+ BB Rec. Timing RS-422 (+) (Reserved)
15 - - Not Used

[A] Denotes inverted signal for differential input/output
[B] Denotes true signal for differential input/output

Page A-2 Tiernan DBR3000

Troubleshooting

Appendix B Interfacility Link Cable Characteristics

B

Cable Characteristics

General Characteristics

All cables should be uniform in quality and free from any burrs, die marks, chatter marks, foreign material, or other
defects that may affect life, serviceability, or appearance.

The cable must be capable of being pulled in one-inch diameter conduit with pull boxes at 90° bends and every
200 feet, without distortion or change in electrical performance or structural integrity.

The cable should have a design life of 10 years after installation in an outdoor environment and be subject to the
complete range of industrial pollutants, temperature extremes, precipitation, humidity, solar radiation, and salt
water corrosion typically encountered at the installation site.

The minimum bend radius should be five times the cable's outside diameter. The electrical specifications must be
met at the minimum bend radius.

Outer Cable Jacket

The jacket should cover the cable tightly and evenly in a manner consistent with the physical, mechanical,
environmental, and dimensional requirements. The outer jacket material should be weatherproof and suitable for
direct burial. A flooding compound must be applied to the outer braid under the jacket of the coaxial cable to block
moisture and resist corrosion.

Polyisobutylene is the recommended flooding compound. Polyvinyl- chloride, Thermoplastic rubber, or Teflon are
suitable jacket materials. The jacket must resist abrasion, scuffing, and peeling during the pulling process. The
cable must also have sufficient flexibility at 15° F to permit installation.

Maximum shrinkage tolerance of the cable jacket should be sufficient to still allow full termination capability
following any shrinkage.

Cable Specifications and Vendors

The following specifications define the required performance parameters of the IFL cable intended for use with the
DBR. The IFL cable must conform to these specifications to guarantee that the Tiernan equipment will operate
properly. Table C-1 provides the recommended vendors for the RG-11 cable. Table C-2 lists the recommended
crimp tool and F-connector vendors.

Tiernan DBR3000 Page B-1

Troubleshooting

Especially important is the use of a quad-shielded coax for the RF cable. Without quad­shielding, your system may be subject to outside radio frequency interference. This interference
can degrade the performance of the receiver.

Table C.1 Recommended Vendors, Quad-Shielded RG-11 Coax

Manufacturer Telephone # Manufacturer Part Number Preference Rank

22821 1 Times Fiber

[phone]

2262 2

22871 1 Comscope

[phone]

1

Suitable for direct burial.

5950 2

Table C.2 Recommended Vendors, F Connectors and Crimp Tool

Part Manufacturer Telephone # Manufacturer Part Number

F (male) connector Gilbert Engineering

GAF-11-AHS/480

[phone]

Crimp Tool Gilbert Engineering

GCRT-211

[phone]

Cable type is determined by the amount of maximum signal loss specified in Table C-3.

Table C.3 Signal Loss per 100 Foot Length for Common Cable Types

Cable Type Loss Per 100 Feet

RG-11 (preferred) 5.9 dB
RG-35 3.7 dB

Generally, an IFL cable run of 0 to 420 feet (0 to 129 m) requires the following cable specifications:

Cable type: RG-11
Impedance: 75 ohm
DC resistance: Less than 16.1 ohm per 1000 feet
Shield: Quad-shielding system
Shield coverage: 100%
Capacitance: 16.5 picofarads per foot
Jacket: PVC
Maximum loss: 5.9 dB per 100 feet at 1450 MHz
IDU connector: F male
ODU connector: F male

Page B-2 Tiernan DBR3000

Troubleshooting

IFL cable runs of 400 to 670 feet (123 to 206 m) require the following cable specifications:

Cable type: RG-35
Impedance: 75 ohm
DC resistance: 1.15 ohm per 1000 feet
Shield: Single shield, solid
Shield coverage: 100%
Capacitance: 15.4 picofarads per foot
Jacket: Standard PVC
Maximum loss: 2.69 dB per 100 feet at 1500 MHz
Outside diameter: 0.63 in over jacket
Weight: 0.14 lbs/ft
IDU connector: N (male), F (male) available with adapter
ODU connector: N (male), F (male) available with adapter

Only N and UHF-type connectors are available. An N-to-F adapter must be used. An N-to-F adapter is Tiernan
part number 31-0121-032 or Gilbert Engineering's NS-5504-1.

RG-35 cable is provided by Andrew Corporation (Andrew part number: LDF4-75A). The N plug (male) 50 ohm pin
is Andrew part number: L4NM-7550, reference L44W-75.

LNB DC voltage drop should be less than 3 V, regardless of length, cable type, LNB type, or data rate.

IFL Cable Preparation

This section assumes an RG-11 coaxial cable is being used in the installation. For any other cable type, the
procedures remain the same with only the dimensions changing. Before connecting the coaxial cable, prepare it
by attaching the F connectors as described here and as illustrated in Figure C-1:

1. Remove 3/4 inch (9.55 mm) of the cable jacket, being careful not to cut through the braid. Fold the first
layer of exposed braid back over the jacket.

2. Cut through the remaining foil, braid, and dielectric to expose 1/4 inch of center conductor. Do not score
the center conductor.

3. Remove the first foil, making sure the braid is not cut, and fold the second braid over the jacket.

4. Cut through the foil and dielectric to the center conductor an additional 3/8 inch. Do not score the center
conductor.

5. Insert the connector over the foil and dielectric until it bottoms.

6. Crimp the collar using a .470 to .475 hex crimp tool, as shown in Figure C-1.

Use the following steps to complete the connection of the coaxial cable:

1. Cut off approximately two inches of weatherproof, heat-shrink tubing (Alpha Part Number FIT-650-3/4, or

equivalent) and place it over the end of the coax cable. When installation is complete, this is used to
provide a weatherproof shroud for the outdoor IFL connector, up to the body of the LNB downconverter.

2. Connect the IFL coax cable to the coaxial cable connector.

3. Slide the heat-shrink tubing over the coaxial connector and male F connector on the LNB downconverter

so it completely envelops the threaded portion. Apply heat to the heat-shrink tubing in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions.

Tiernan DBR3000 Page B-3

Troubleshooting

4. Loop the IFL cable and tie-wrap the cable to the lower feed rod. Loop the cable in such a way that the
length of the cable between the LNB downconverter and the tie-wrap nearest it is approximately 10
inches.

5. Add additional tie-wraps along the lower feed rod at the middle and bottom, as required, to secure the IFL
cable.

Page B-4 Tiernan DBR3000

Troubleshooting

Figure C.1 Coax Cable and F Connector Assembly

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Page B-6 Tiernan DBR3000