Data Sheet
Miniature Temperature Controller MTD415T
Features
·
Small, safe and very high accuracy complete single-module controller
·
High speed, ultra stable digital PID Loop
·
Up to ± 1.5 A TEC current
·
Very low output current noise
·
Very small footprint (21.0 x 12.4 mm)
·
Circuit Height 3.1 mm
·
Supports 10 kW thermistor temperature sensor
·
Single power supply operation
Applications
·
Active cooling and temperature stabilization for a wide range of laser modules and diodes
·
WDM, DWDM Laser-Diode Temperature Control
·
EDFA Optical Amplifiers
·
Temperature stabilization of photo detectors and photodiodes
·
ATE
Short Description and Typical Application Diagram
The MTD415T is a compact and highly integrated temperature controller optimized for use in
high performance thermoelectric temperature control applications.
The on-chip power stage and the thermal control loop circuitry minimize external components
while maintaining high efficiency.
The output current is directly controlled to eliminate current surges. An adjustable TEC current
limit provides the highest level of TEC protection.
The MTD415T is operated from a single power supply and provides a bipolar ±1.5 A output by
connecting the TEC to the output of a bipolar power stage. True bipolar operation ensures
temperature control without “dead zones” or other nonlinearities at low TEC current values.
The digital control interface allows quick access to all system parameters as well as to digital
measurement data, this way enabling a simple integration into different systems.
MTD415T Data Sheet Rev. 1.0
1
Page 2
Revision
Changes with respect to previous revision
1.0
Initial Release
MTD415T
Revision History
2
MTD415T Data Sheet Rev. 1.0
Page 3
Contents
14Pin Configuration and Functions
26Technical Data
) All voltages with respect to network ground terminal.
Notes
(1) Above specifications are given for the free-air operating temperature range unless
otherwise noted.
(2) Stresses beyond those listed above may cause permanent damage to the product. These
are stress ratings only; functional operation of the MTD415T at these or any other
conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions and
Electrical Characteristics is not implied.
7
6
(3) Operation beyond the maximum rated conditions for extended periods may affect product
In general, a temperature controller (within the blue frame) is a closed loop system. A
temperature sensor measures the temperature of the controlled object (e.g., a laser diode).
This actual temperature signal is amplified and compared with the temperature set value.
The differential signal out of the comparator controls then the current of the thermoelectriccooler in order to maintain the temperature of the object constant. Ideally, the temperature
settling is carried out in the shortest times, with minimum settling error and without temperature
overshoots.
A thermoelectric coolers is a Peltier element that produces a temperature gradient depending
on the current direction trough the TEC. For this reason, the TEC current must be bidirectional.
In order to adapt the control loop to different thermal loads, and to optimize the temperature
controller's response characteristics, a PID amplifier is used. Closer information please see in
the PID Tutorial (page)
The MTD415T is a miniature, closed-loop temperature controller module. It is compatible with a
10 kW NTC (thermistor) temperature sensor and it's output is designed for control of
thermoelectric coolers (TEC).
The MTD415T delivers a TEC current up to 1500 mA at 4.0 V compliance voltage.
Power Supply
The supply voltage ranges from 4.5 V to 5,5 V. From the supply voltage, the internal supply
voltage for the microcontroller is derived. Further, a reference voltage for the temperature
sensor is generated (VREF; 1.8 V).
TEC Current Control
The TEC element is connected between TEC+ and TEC-. A correct connection is essential to
avoid wrong temperature correction.
The MTD415T allows to limit the maximum TEC current. Lowering the TEC current limit might
be helpful for control loop optimization in case of low thermal loads and lowers the dissipated
by the MTD415T power.
Micro-controller
The functions of the microcontroller are:
·
Comparison of the actual temperature with the set temperature;
·
Generation of the control signal for TEC output stage with respect to the comparator
signal;
·
PID loop control for optimization of the temperature settling time and for minimizing the
final temperature error.
All parameters (TEC current limit, set temperature, temperature window, PID share settings
etc.) are programmed via the UART user interface. Detailed information about how to program
the MTD415T can be found in the section Programmers Reference on page .
12
Note
The UART interface uses 3.3 V logic level. Connect the UART to a PC only using an
appropriate converter, e.g., a commercially available UART-to-USB cable.
The Status signal informs about correct operation.
The temperature control is activated by setting the Enable pin to low.
Reads the UUID (Universal Unique Identifier) of the MTD415T
[045F778655FDE5118ED499C9B4521485]
Command
Explanation
Response Example
"E?"
Reads the Error Register. Responses
see section Error Register and Safety Bitmask
"c"
Resets the Error register
6 Programmers Reference
6.1 Nomenclature
6.2 Command Description
6.2.1 General Commands
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Note
The MTD415T has a non-volatile memory (flash) that stores the setting parameters. This
memory has a limited number of erase / write cycles. In order to protect the flash memory,
changes to setting parameters are not stored automatically. If you want to keep parameter
changes after power-down of the MTD415T, save them to the flash memory using the "M"
command. This command saves the T, W, L, d, G, O, P, I, D, C and S parameters at a time.
Thermal Latch-Up (TEC current at limit without temperature improvement)
3
Cycling time too small
4
No Sensor detected
5
No TEC detected (connection open)
6
TEC mispoled
7
(not used)
8
(not used)
9
(not used)
10
(not used)
11
(not used)
12
(not used)
13
Value out of range
14
Invalid command
15
(not used)
6.3 Error Register and Safety Bitmask
The MTD415T has an internal 16 bit error register:
The error register can be read out using the "E?" command. The error register can be reset
using the "c" command or by setting the Enable pin to Off and On again.
Sets the Safety Bitmask to x
Value range x: 0 to 32768
Reading
"S?"
Reads the Safety Bitmask value.
[x<LF>]
Further, with default setting of the Safety Bitmask (value = 255), the states of bits 0 to 7 are
handed over to the Status output pin - if any of the bits 0 to 7 is H, the Status level is "LOW"
and the TEC Current Output is switched off.
The Safety Bitmask can be used to mask any desired error at the Status output pin.
Attention
Masking an error may lead to damage of the MTD415T. For example, if bit 1 is masked,
exceeding the internal temperature will not be reflected on the status pin as an error and the
TEC output will not be disabled!
The safety bitmask can be programmed:
Note
If the safety bitmask should be saved for future use, it needs to be memorized using the "M"
command.
The general requirements to a temperature control loop are:
·
fastest settling time after power on or changing the set temperature
·
minimum residual temperature error
·
settling without temperature overshoots
·
fastest response to changes of the thermal load
PID amplifiers can fulfill these requirements. Temperature control loops are comparatively slow;
control oscillations appear with a frequency in the range of several Hz or parts of Hz. The PID
adjustment allows to optimize the dynamic behavior.
The P share is the proportional share, or the gain of the amplifier, that defines the settling time.
The higher the P share, the faster the settling and the less residual temperature error. The
downside is that high P shares lead to oscillations.
The I share is the integrating share of the amplification, or the gain at low frequencies. It allows
to minimize the residual temperature error.
Optimal settings of the P and I shares result in a fast approach to the set temperature, without
oscillations and with a minimum residual temperature error. However, such a loop is not able to
quickly react to sudden changes of the thermal load, for example, if a thermally stabilized laser
diode is set to a higher or lower output power that changes the laser's heat dissipation. The Dshare (differential share, or the gain at high frequencies) allows the system to quickly react to
temperature changes, without generating oscillation of the temperature around the set point.
The MTD415T microcontroller incorporates a digital PID controller. The P, I and D shares can
be programmed manually or calculated automatically by the firmware by entering the results of
a loop oscillation test. Below an example procedure is explained in detail.
Example of a PID adjustment
Pre-conditions:
·
TEC current limit is set correctly
·
all connections are made properly
In order to observe the temperature change, connect an appropriate instrument that allows to
display the temperature change vs. time, to the TEMP input of the MTD415T.
1. Configure the PID loop:
Set temperature = 25°C: "T25000"
P share = 1000 mA/K: "P1000"
I share = 0: "I0"
D share = 0: "D0"
Cycle time = 30 ms: "C30"
2. Enable the TEC. The actual temperature Te approximates the set value.
3. Now, find the critical P share (critical gain) value at which the system starts to oscillate for a
minimum of 20 cycles without amplitude drop as a reaction to a changed set temperature.
An example procedure is described below:
·
Set P to 10.000 mA/K: "P10000".
In order to trigger loop oscillation, increase the set temperature for 0.1 K: "T25100"
·
Lower P to 5.000 mA/K: "P5000", decrease the set temperature for 0.1 K: "T25000"
and observe the loop behavior.
·
If the loop still oscillates, lower the P share again, change the set set temperature for
Example:
"P3000"; "T25100" -> the loop still oscillates
"P2000"; "T25000" -> the loop stopped oscillating
·
If the loop stopped oscillating, increase the P share, change the set set temperature for
0.1K and observe the loop behavior.
Example:
"P2500"; "T25100" -> the loop oscillates again
·
Repeat above steps.
Example:
"P2200"; "T25100" -> the loop stopped oscillating.
"P2300"; "T25000" -> the loop oscillates again
"P2250"; "T25100" -> the loop still oscillates
"P2200"; "T25000" -> the loop stopped oscillating
·
By this approximation of the P share, a value can be found at which the loop starts to
oscillate.
In our example, this happened at P = 2250 mA/K.
Read oscillation period at this value - for example, 5.58 sec.
The critical gain and the critical oscillation period are found.
4. Program the MTD415T with these values in order to trigger the calculation of the PID shares
and the cycle time by the firmware:
Program the critical gain to the found above value: "G2250"
Program the critical oscillation period: "O5580"
5. The firmware calculates the parameters of the digital PID loop and applies them instantly.
The calculated parameters can be read out using the following commands:
"P?" "[1350<LF>]" -> P share = 1350 mA/K
"I?" "[161<LF>]" -> I share = 161 mA/(K*s)
"D?" "[941<LF>]" -> D share = 941 (mA*s)/K
"C?" "[87<LF>]" -> Cycle time = 87 ms
6. Usually, at this point the PID optimization for the settling behavior is finished. If required, the
PID values and the cycle time can be manually fine tuned in order to optimize the loop
response to changes of the thermal load.
7. As a final step, save the settings to the non-volatile memory: "M"
Notes
·
The cycling time is the time base of the internal digital control loop and is calculated
automatically by entering G (critical gain) and O (critical oscillation period).
·
If manually changing the cycling time ("C"), the firmware calculates the I and the D share
anew.
·
The optimized PID parameters are valid for a steady state, that depends on the set
temperature as well as on the ambient conditions (ambient temperature, temperature of the
thermally controlled object). Any changes of the operating and/or environmental conditions
may require a re-adjustment of the PID parameters.
The MTD415T has an imprinted Data Matrix code, that contains manufacturing information:
Please scan this code with your smartphone, and submit the DataMatrix code information to
Thorlabs.
Compatible Android apps are:
28
QR & Barcode Scanner QRbot by TeaCapps. This scanner allows to share the
scanned code directly by email.
(https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.qrbot&hl=de)
QR Droid Code Scanner QRDroid by DroidLa.
(https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.qrbot&hl=de)
Compatible iOS apps:
QR & Mobile Barcode Scanner NeoReader® by NeoMedia Technologies.
(https://itunes.apple.com/de/app/neoreader-qr-mobile-barcode/id284973754?mt=8)
Thorlabs GmbH warrants material and production of the MTD415T for a period of 24 months
starting with the date of shipment. During this warranty period Thorlabs GmbH will see to
defaults by repair or by exchange if these are entitled to warranty.
For warranty repairs or service the unit must be sent back to Thorlabs GmbH. The customer will
carry the shipping costs to Thorlabs GmbH, in case of warranty repairs Thorlabs GmbH will
carry the shipping costs back to the customer.
If no warranty repair is applicable the customer also has to carry the costs for back shipment.
In case of shipment from outside EU duties, taxes etc. which should arise have to be carried by
the customer.
Thorlabs GmbH warrants the hard- and/or software determined by Thorlabs GmbH for this unit
to operate fault-free provided that they are handled according to our requirements. However,
Thorlabs GmbH does not warrant a fault free and uninterrupted operation of the unit, of the
software or firmware for special applications nor this instruction manual to be error free.
Thorlabs GmbH is not liable for consequential damages.
Restriction of warranty
The warranty mentioned before does not cover errors and defects being the result of improper
treatment, software or interface not supplied by us, modification, misuse or operation outside
the defined ambient stated by us or unauthorized maintenance.
Further claims will not be consented to and will not be acknowledged. Thorlabs GmbH does
explicitly not warrant the usability or the economical use for certain cases of application.
Thorlabs GmbH reserves the right to change this instruction manual or the technical data of the
described unit at any time.
Thorlabs GmbH has taken every possible care in preparing this document. We however
assume no liability for the content, completeness or quality of the information contained therein.
The content of this document is regularly updated and adapted to reflect the current status of
the hardware and/or software. We furthermore do not guarantee that this product will function
without errors, even if the stated specifications are adhered to.
Under no circumstances can we guarantee that a particular objective can be achieved with the
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Insofar as permitted under statutory regulations, we assume no liability for direct damage,
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·
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·
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·
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·
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·
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·
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·
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·
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·
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