Thermo Scientific Vanquish VF-D20, Vanquish VH-D20 Operating Manual

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thermoscientific

Vanquish

Charged Aerosol
Detectors

VH-D20, VF-D20

OperatingManual

4820.8401‐ENRevision2.0a • September2017

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Copyright © 2015 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved.

Trademarks

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trademark of Carl Freudenberg KG.

All other trademarks are property of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. provides this document to its customers with a product purchase to
use in the product operation. The document is copyright protected; any reproduction of the
whole or any part of this document is strictly prohibited, except with the written authorization
of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.

This manual is provided "as is." The contents of this manual are subject to being changed,
without notice, in future revisions.

Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. makes no representations that this document is complete,
accurate, or error-free. Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. assumes no responsibility and will not be
liable for any errors, omissions, damage, or loss that might result from any use of this document,
even if the information in the document is followed properly.

This document is not part of any sales contract between Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and a
purchaser. This document shall in no way govern or modify any Terms and Conditions of Sale.
The Terms and Conditions of Sale shall govern all conflicting information between the two
documents.

Release history

Revision 1.1, released in March 2015, original operating manual
Revision 2.0, released in July 2015, original operating manual

The hardware descriptions in this manual revision refer to the detectors VH-D20 and VF-D20.

Printed manual version only

Printed in Germany on 100% chlorine-free bleached, high-white paper that is produced in an
environmentally friendly process, leading to a paper profile of zero CO2 emissions.

Contacting Us

Ordering Information

Technical Assistance

Contacting Us

There are several ways to contact us:

For ordering information or sales support for HPLC products, contact
your local Thermo Fisher Scientific sales organization. For contact
information, go to Contact Us on http://www.thermoscientific.com.

For technical support for HPLC products, contact your local Thermo
Fisher Scientific support organization. For contact information, go to
Contact Us on http://www.thermoscientific.com.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 3

Contacting Us

Page 4 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

Contents

1 Using this Manual ............................................................................ 9

2 Safety ..............................................................................................15

Contents

1.1 About this Manual ................................................................................................ 10

1.2 Conventions .......................................................................................................... 11

1.2.1 Safety Messages ....................................................................................... 11

1.2.2 Special Notices and Informational Notes ................................................. 11

1.2.3 Typographical Conventions ...................................................................... 12

1.3 Reference Documentation .................................................................................... 13

2.1 Safety Symbols and Signal Words ......................................................................... 16

2.1.1 Safety Symbols and Signal Words in This Manual ................................... 16

2.1.2 Observing this Manual ............................................................................. 17

2.1.3 Safety Symbols on the Detector .............................................................. 17

2.1.4 Rating Plate .............................................................................................. 17

2.2 Intended Use ......................................................................................................... 18

2.3 Safety Precautions ................................................................................................ 19

2.3.1 General Safety Information ..................................................................... 19

2.3.2 Qualification of the Personnel ................................................................. 20

2.3.3 Personal Protective Equipment ............................................................... 20

2.3.4 Electrical Safety Precautions .................................................................... 21

2.3.5 General Residual Hazards ........................................................................ 22

2.3.6 In Case of Emergency ............................................................................... 24

2.4 Solvent and Additive Information ......................................................................... 25

2.5 Compliance Information ....................................................................................... 27

3 Detector Overview ..........................................................................29

3.1 Detector Features ................................................................................................. 30

3.2 Operating Principle ............................................................................................... 31

3.3 Interior Components............................................................................................. 33

3.4 Nebulizer ............................................................................................................... 34

3.5 Gas Filter Assembly ............................................................................................... 35

3.6 Excess Liquid and Leak Detection ......................................................................... 36

3.7 Operation .............................................................................................................. 37

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 5

Contents

4 Unpacking and Transport ................................................................ 39

4.1 Unpacking and Moving ........................................................................................ 40

4.2 Scope of Delivery ................................................................................................. 43

5 Installation ...................................................................................... 45

5.1 Safety Guidelines for Installation ......................................................................... 46

5.2 Installing the Detector ......................................................................................... 47

5.3 Site Requirements ................................................................................................ 49

5.4 Accessing the Interior Components ..................................................................... 55

5.5 Setting Up the Hardware ..................................................................................... 56

5.5.1 System Arrangement............................................................................... 56

5.5.2 Connecting the Detector ......................................................................... 58

5.5.3 Installing the Nebulizer ........................................................................... 62

5.5.4 Connecting the Gas Inlet and Exhaust Tubes .......................................... 67

5.6 Setting Up the Liquid Flow Connections .............................................................. 70

5.6.1 General Information and Guidelines ....................................................... 70

5.6.2 Guiding Capillaries and Tubing Through the System .............................. 71

5.6.3 Connecting Fittings, Capillaries, and Tubing ........................................... 73

5.6.4 Connecting the Waste Line ..................................................................... 75

5.6.5 Connecting the Inlet Capillary to the Nebulizer ...................................... 76

5.6.6 Guiding Liquid Leaks to Waste ................................................................ 80

5.7 Turning On the Detector ...................................................................................... 81

5.8 Setting Up the Detector in the Software ............................................................. 82

6 Operation ....................................................................................... 83

6.1 Introduction to this Chapter ................................................................................ 84

6.2 Safety Guidelines for Operation .......................................................................... 85

6.3 Control Elements.................................................................................................. 87

6.3.1 Keypad ..................................................................................................... 87

6.3.2 Status Indicators ...................................................................................... 89

6.4 Power On/Off Control .......................................................................................... 91

6.5 Preparing the Detector for Operation ................................................................. 92

6.5.1 Mobile Phase Guidelines for the Detector .............................................. 95

6.5.2 Verifying the Nebulizer Gas Pressure ...................................................... 98

6.5.3 Turning On the Detector Gas Flow .......................................................... 99

Page 6 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

Contents

6.6 Important Operating Parameters ....................................................................... 100

6.7 Optimizing the Performance of the Detector ..................................................... 103

6.7.1 General Guidelines ................................................................................. 103

6.7.2 Overview of Optimization Parameters .................................................. 104

6.7.3 Data Collection Rate and Filter Constant ............................................... 104

6.7.4 Signal Channels ...................................................................................... 106

6.7.5 Evaporation Temperature ...................................................................... 107

6.7.6 Gas Regulation Mode (VH-Detector only) ............................................. 109

6.7.7 Power Function Value ............................................................................ 109

6.7.8 Baseline Noise ........................................................................................ 110

6.8 Shutting Down the Detector ............................................................................... 111

6.8.1 Short-Term Shutdown (Interruption of Operation) ............................... 111

6.8.2 Long-Term Shutdown ............................................................................. 112

7 Maintenance and Service .............................................................. 115

7.1 Introduction to Maintenance and Service .......................................................... 116

7.2 Safety Guidelines for Maintenance and Service ................................................. 117

7.3 General Rules for Maintenance and Service ...................................................... 119

7.4 Routine and Preventive Maintenance ................................................................ 120

7.4.1 Maintenance Plan .................................................................................. 120

7.4.2 Flushing the Detector Between Analyses .............................................. 121

7.4.3 Cleaning or Decontaminating the Detector ........................................... 121

7.4.4 Predictive Performance ......................................................................... 123

7.5 Disconnecting the Gas Inlet and Exhaust Tubes ................................................. 125

7.6 Disconnecting the Waste Line ............................................................................ 127

7.7 Removing the Nebulizer ..................................................................................... 128

7.8 Replacing the Gas Filter Assembly ...................................................................... 131

7.9 Replacing the Main Power Fuses ........................................................................ 136

7.10 Updating the Detector Firmware ........................................................................ 138

7.11 Replacing the Doors ............................................................................................ 140

7.12 Transporting or Shipping the Detector ............................................................... 142

7.13 Slide-In Module ................................................................................................... 145

7.13.1 Removing the Slide-In Module ............................................................... 145

7.13.2 Installing the Slide-In Module ................................................................ 148

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 7

Contents

8 Troubleshooting ............................................................................ 151

8.1 General Information about Troubleshooting .................................................... 152

8.2 Messages ............................................................................................................ 155

8.3 Operating Problems ........................................................................................... 158

8.3.1 Resolving Leakage ................................................................................. 158

8.3.2 Resolving Gas Supply Overpressure ...................................................... 159

8.3.3 Resolving Flooding In the Detector ....................................................... 160

8.3.4 Additional Detector Operating Problems ............................................. 161

9 Specifications ................................................................................ 163

9.1 Performance Specifications ............................................................................... 164

9.2 Physical Specifications ....................................................................................... 166

10 Accessories, Consumables and Replacement Parts ...................... 167

10.1 General Information .......................................................................................... 168

10.2 Ship Kit ............................................................................................................... 169

10.3 Optional Accessories .......................................................................................... 170

10.4 Consumables and Replacement Parts ............................................................... 171

11 Compliance Information ............................................................. 173

11.1 Declarations of Conformity ................................................................................ 174

11.2 WEEE Compliance .............................................................................................. 175

11.3 FCC Compliance ................................................................................................. 176

12 Index ........................................................................................... 177

Page 8 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

1 • Using this Manual

1 Using this Manual

This chapter provides information about this manual, the conventions used

throughout the manual, and the reference documentation that is available

in addition to this manual.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 9

1 • Using this Manual

1.1 About this Manual

This manual describes the functional features and operating principle of
your Vanquish™ detector and provides instructions for installation, set
up, start up, shut down, operation, maintenance and troubleshooting.

The layout of this manual is designed to provide quick reference to the
sections of interest to the user. To obtain a full understanding of your
detector, read this manual thoroughly.

This manual also contains safety messages, precautionary statements,
and special notices that can prevent personal injury, damage to the
detector, or loss of data when followed properly.

Note the following:

• The detector configuration may vary; therefore, not all descriptions

necessarily apply to your particular detector.

• If some detail applies to only one model or variant, the model or

variant is identified by name.

• Illustrations in this manual are provided for basic understanding.

They can vary from the actual model of the detector or component.
However, this does not influence the descriptions. No claims can be
derived from the illustrations in this manual.

• The detector is referred to as detector or charged aerosol detector in

this manual. If other detector types are referenced, they are
identified by name.

The descriptions in this manual assume that the detector is installed in
the Vanquish system stack. If this is not the case, additional hardware is
required and must be ordered separately. The information in this
manual applies correspondingly.

Page 10 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

1.2 Conventions

This section describes the conventions that are used throughout this
manual.

1.2.1 Safety Messages

The safety messages and precautionary statements in this manual
appear as follows:

• Safety messages or precautionary statements that apply to the

• Safety messages or precautionary statements that apply to an entire

1 • Using this Manual

entire manual and all procedures in this manual are grouped in the
Safety chapter.

section or to multiple procedures in a section appear at the
beginning of the section to which they apply.

• Safety messages that apply to only a particular section or procedure

appear in the section or procedure to which they apply. They appear
different from the main flow of text.

Safety messages are often preceded by an alert symbol and/or alert
word. The alert word appears in uppercase letters and in bold type.

Make sure that you understand and follow all safety messages
presented in this manual.

1.2.2 Special Notices and Informational Notes

Special notices and informational notes in this manual appear different
from the main flow of text. They appear in boxes and a note label
identifies them. The label text appears in uppercase letters and in bold
type.

NOTICE Highlights information necessary to prevent damage to the
detector or invalid test results.

TIP Highlights information of general interest or helpful information that
can make a task easier or optimize the performance of the detector.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 11

1 • Using this Manual

1.2.3 Typographical Conventions

These typographical conventions apply to the descriptions in this
manual:

Data Input and Output

• The following appears in bold type:
♦ Input that you enter by the keyboard or that you select with the

mouse

♦ Buttons that you click on the screen

♦ Commands that you enter by the keyboard

♦ Names of, for example, dialog boxes, properties, and parameters

• For brevity, long expressions and paths appear in the condensed

form, for example: Click Start > All Programs > Thermo
Chromeleon 7 > Services Manager > Start Instrument Controller.

References and Messages

• References to additional documentation appear italicized.

• Messages that appear on the screen are identified by quotation

marks.

Viewpoint

If not otherwise stated, the expressions left and right in this manual
always refer to the viewpoint of a person that is facing the detector from
the front.

Particularly Important Words

Particularly important words in the main flow of text appear italicized.

Electronic Manual Version (PDF)

The electronic version (PDF) of the manual contains numerous links that
you can click to go to other locations within the manual. These include:

• Table of contents entries

• Index entries

• Cross-references (in blue text), for example, to sections and figures

Page 12 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

1.3 Reference Documentation

In addition to this operating manual, other documentation is available
for reference.

Hardware Documentation

Additional hardware documentation includes the following:

• Operating manuals for the other modules of the Vanquish system

A printed version of the manual is shipped with the device.

• Vanquish System Operating Manual

A printed version of the manual is shipped with the Vanquish system
base and solvent rack.

• Instrument Installation Qualification Operating Instructions

1 • Using this Manual

TIP Electronic versions of these manuals are available as PDF (Portable
Document Format) files. To open and read the PDF files, Adobe®
Reader® or Adobe® Acrobat® is required.

Software Documentation

Additional software documentation includes the following:

• Chromeleon™ 7 Help and documents

The Chromeleon 7 Help provides extensive information and
comprehensive reference material for all aspects of the software.
For basic information about device installation and configuration,
refer to the Installation Guide; for specific information about a
certain device, refer to the Instrument Configuration Manager Help.
In Chromeleon 7, devices are called modules.

For information about the main elements of the user interface and
step-by-step guidance through the most important workflows, refer
to the Quick Start Guide.

For a concise overview of the most important workflows, refer to
the Reference Card.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 13

1 • Using this Manual

Third-Party Documentation

• Chromeleon™ 6.8 Help

The Chromeleon 6.8 Help provides extensive information for all
aspects of the software, including device installation and
configuration.

TIP The Chromeleon Help and documents are included in the software
shipment.

Refer also to the user documentation provided by the manufacturers of
third-party components and materials, for example, Safety Data Sheets
(SDSs).

Third-party documentation includes the user documentation for the gas
supply, as applicable:

• User documentation for the nitrogen generator

• User documentation for the air compressor

Page 14 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

2 • Safety

2 Safety

This chapter provides general and specific safety information and informs

about the intended use of the detector.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 15

2 • Safety

2.1 Safety Symbols and Signal Words

2.1.1 Safety Symbols and Signal Words in This Manual

This manual contains safety messages to prevent injury of the persons
using the detector. The safety symbols and signal words in this manual
include the following:

Always be aware of the safety information. Do not proceed until you
have fully understood the information and consider the consequences of
what you are doing.

CAUTION Indicates a hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could
result in minor or moderate injury.

WARNING Indicates a hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could
result in serious injury.

Page 16 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

2.1.2 Observing this Manual

Observe the following:

• Before installing or operating the detector, read this manual

carefully to be familiar with the detector and this manual. The
manual contains important information with regard to user safety as
well as use and care of the detector.

• Always keep the manual near the detector for quick reference.

• Save this manual and pass it on to any subsequent user.

Read, understand, and comply with all safety messages and
precautionary statements presented in this manual.

2 • Safety

2.1.3 Safety Symbols on the Detector

The table lists the safety symbols that appear on the detector or on
labels affixed to the detector. Follow the safety notices in this manual to
prevent the risk of operator injury or damage to the detector.

Symbol Description

Indicates a potential hazard. Refer to this manual to avoid the risk of
personal injury and/or to prevent damage to the device.

—

Ο

Power supply is on

Power supply is off

Indicates alternating current.

2.1.4 Rating Plate

The rating plate is present on the detector near the electrical
connections. The rating plate indicates the serial number, part number,
module name, line and fuse rating, and the manufacturer's address.

TIP An additional type label on the leak tray of the detector indicates the
serial number, part number, and module name. To facilitate device
identification have the information from this label available when
communicating with Thermo Fisher Scientific.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 17

2 • Safety

2.2 Intended Use

The detector is intended to be part of the Vanquish system. The
intended use of the Vanquish system is to analyze a mixture of
compounds in sample solutions. The detector is for use by qualified
personnel and in laboratory environment only.

The detector and Vanquish system are intended for laboratory research
use only. They are not intended for use in diagnostic procedures.

Laboratory Practice

Thermo Fisher Scientific recommends that the laboratory in which the
Vanquish system is used follow best practices for LC analyses. This
includes among others:

• Using appropriate standards

• Regularly running calibration prior to reporting results

• Establishing shelf life limits and following them for all consumables

used with the system

• Running the system according to the laboratory's verified and

validated 'lab developed test' protocol

Page 18 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

2.3 Safety Precautions

2.3.1 General Safety Information

All users must observe the general safety information presented in this
section and all specific safety messages and precautionary statements
elsewhere in this manual during all phases of installation, operation,
troubleshooting, maintenance, shutdown, and transport of the detector.

If the detector is used in a manner not specified by Thermo Fisher
Scientific, the protection provided by the detector could be impaired.
Observe the following:

• Operate the detector only within its technical specifications.

• Use only the replacement parts and additional components, options,

and peripherals specifically authorized and qualified for the detector
by Thermo Fisher Scientific.

2 • Safety

Safety Standard

• Perform only the procedures that are described in this operating

manual and in supporting documents for the detector.
Follow all instructions step by step and use the tools recommended
for the procedure.

• Open the enclosure of the detector and other components only if

specifically instructed to do so in this manual.

• Thermo Fisher Scientific cannot be held liable for any damage,

material or otherwise, resulting from inappropriate or improper use
of the detector. If there is any question regarding appropriate usage,
contact Thermo Fisher Scientific before proceeding.

This device is a Safety Class I instrument (provided with terminal for
protective grounding). The device has been manufactured and tested
according to international safety standards.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 19

2 • Safety

2.3.2 Qualification of the Personnel

Observe the information below on the proper qualification of the
personnel installing and/or operating the detector.

Installation

Only skilled personnel are permitted to install the detector and to
establish the electrical connections according to the appropriate
regulations. Thermo Fisher Scientific recommends always having service
personnel certified by Thermo Fisher Scientific perform the installation
(for brevity, referred to as Thermo Fisher Scientific service engineer).

If a person other than a Thermo Fisher Scientific service engineer installs
and sets up the module, the installer is responsible for ensuring the
safety of the module and system.

General Operation

The detector is designed to be operated only by trained and qualified
personnel in a laboratory environment.

All users must know the hazards presented by the detector and the
substances they are using. All users should observe the related Safety
Data Sheets (SDSs).

2.3.3 Personal Protective Equipment

Wear personal protective equipment and follow good laboratory
practice to protect you from hazardous substances. The appropriate
equipment depends on the hazard. For advice on the hazards and the
equipment required for the substances you are using, refer to the
material handling and safety data sheet provided by the vendor.

An eyewash facility and a sink should be available nearby. If any
substance contacts your skin or eyes, wash the affected area and seek
medical attention.

Protective Clothing

To protect you from chemical splashes, harmful liquids, or other
contamination, put on appropriate protective clothing, such as a lab
coat.

Page 20 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

Protective Eyewear

To prevent liquids from striking your eyes, put on appropriate protective
eyewear, such as safety glasses with side shields. If there is a risk of
splashing liquids, put on goggles.

Gloves

To protect you from harmful liquids and avoid personal injury during
maintenance or service, put on appropriate protective gloves.

2.3.4 Electrical Safety Precautions

WARNING— Electric Shock or Damage to the Device

High voltages are present inside the device that could cause an electric
shock or damage to the device.

2 • Safety

• Do not make any changes to the electrical or grounding connections.

• If you suspect any kind of electrical damage, disconnect the power

cord and contact Thermo Fisher Scientific Technical Support for
assistance.

• Do not open the housing or remove protective panels unless

specifically instructed to do so in this manual.

• Do not place liquid reservoirs directly upon the device. Liquid might

leak into the device and get into contact with electronic components
causing a short circuit. Instead, place liquid reservoirs in the solvent
rack that is available for the Vanquish system.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 21

2 • Safety

2.3.5 General Residual Hazards

Pay attention to the following general residual hazards when working
with the detector:

WARNING—Hazardous Substances

Solvents, mobile phases, samples, and reagents might contain toxic,
carcinogenic, mutagenic, infectious, or otherwise harmful substances.
The handling of these substances can pose health and safety risks.

• Be sure that you know the properties of all substances that you are

using. Avoid exposure to harmful substances. If you have any doubt
about a substance, handle the substance as if it is potentially
harmful.

• Wear personal protective equipment as required by the hazard and

follow good laboratory practice.

• Reduce the volume of substances to the minimum volume required

for sample analysis.

• Do not operate the detector in a potentially flammable environment.

• Avoid accumulation of harmful substances. Make sure that the

installation site is well ventilated.

• Dispose of hazardous waste in an environmentally safe manner that

is consistent with local regulations. Follow a regulated, approved
waste disposal program.

WARNING—Biohazard

Biohazardous material, for example microorganisms, cell cultures,
tissues, body fluids, and other biological agents can transmit infectious
diseases. To avoid infections with these agents:

• Assume that all biological substances are at least potentially

infectious.

• Wear personal protective equipment as required by the hazard and

follow good laboratory practice.

• Dispose of biohazardous waste in an environmentally safe manner

that is consistent with local regulations. Follow a regulated,
approved waste disposal program.

Page 22 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

2 • Safety

WARNING—Self-Ignition of Solvents

Solvents with a self-ignition temperature below 150 °C might ignite
when in contact with a hot surface (for example, due to leakage in the
chromatography system). Avoid the use of these solvents.

WARNING—Hazardous Gases

Mobile phases and samples might contain volatile or flammable
solvents. The handling of these substances can pose health and safety
risks.

• Avoid accumulation of these substances. Make sure that the

installation site is well ventilated.

• Avoid open flames and sparks. Do not operate the detector in the

presence of flammable gases or fumes.

CAUTION—Escape of Hazardous Substances from PEEK™ Capillaries

In the Vanquish system, capillaries made of PEEK may be used. Swelling
or attack by acids can cause PEEK capillaries to start leaking or to burst.

• Certain chemicals, for example, trichlormethane (CHCl3), dimethyl

sulfoxide (DMSO), or tetrahydrofuran (THF) can cause PEEK to swell.

• Concentrated acids, such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid, or a mixture

of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, can attack PEEK.

• Swelling or attack is not a problem with brief flushing procedures.

• For more information, refer to the technical literature on the

chemical resistance of PEEK.

CAUTION—Allergic Reaction

Some capillaries in the Vanquish system are made of MP35N®, a nickel­cobalt based alloy. Individuals with sensitivity to nickel/cobalt may show
an allergic reaction from skin contact.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 23

2 • Safety

CAUTION—Sparking due to Electrostatic Discharge

Liquid flowing through capillaries can generate static electricity. This
effect is particularly present with insulating capillaries and non­conductive solvents (for example, pure acetonitrile). Discharge of
electrostatic energy might lead to sparking, which could constitute a fire
hazard. Prevent the generation of static electricity near the
chromatography system.

2.3.6 In Case of Emergency

WARNING—Safety Hazard

In case of emergency, disconnect the detector from the power line.

Page 24 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

2.4 Solvent and Additive Information

To protect optimal functionality of the Vanquish system, observe these
recommendations on the use of solvents and additives:

• The system must be used with reversed-phase (RP) compatible

solvents and additives only.

TIP The Vanquish charged aerosol detector can also be used with
normal-phase (NP) compatible solvents and additives if the other
modules in the Vanquish system are compatible for normal-phase
applications.
Before you use normal-phase solvents and additives, make sure that
all modules and components in the system are compatible for
normal-phase applications. Refer to the Operating Manuals for the
other modules in the system.

2 • Safety

• Use only solvents and additives that are compatible with all parts in

the flow path.
For details about the materials that are used in the flow path of the
detector, see the Specifications chapter. For information about the
materials that are used in the flow path of the other modules in the
Vanquish system, refer to the Specifications chapter in the
Operating Manual for the module.

♦ For the charged aerosol detector

Observe the Mobile Phase Guidelines for the Detector in

section 6.5.1, page 95.

♦ For other modules in the Vanquish system

Observe the general guidelines and recommendations in the
Vanquish System Operating Manual on the use of solvents and
additives in the chromatography system.

• Allowed ranges and concentrations for the charged aerosol detector:

♦ pH range: 2-9.5

♦ Volatile buffer concentration: less than or equal to 0.1 mol/L

♦ Chloride concentration: Not recommended

• Observe the following for pH values higher than 9.5:

Avoid using mobile phases with a pH value higher than 9.5. They can
impair the functionality and performance of the nebulizer.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 25

2 • Safety

• Follow any specific recommendations presented in other sections of

this manual. Refer also to the operating manuals for all modules in
the Vanquish system. They may provide additional guidelines and

information.

Page 26 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

2.5 Compliance Information

Thermo Fisher Scientific performs complete testing and evaluation of its
products to ensure full compliance with applicable domestic and
international regulations. When the device is delivered to you, it meets
all pertinent electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and safety standards
as described in this manual. For details, see section 11, page 173.

Changes that you make to the device may void compliance with one or
more of these EMC and safety standards. Changes to the device include
replacing a part or adding components, options, or peripherals not
specifically authorized and qualified for the product by Thermo Fisher
Scientific. To ensure continued compliance with EMC and safety
standards, replacement parts and additional components, options, and
peripherals must be ordered from Thermo Fisher Scientific or one of its
authorized representatives.

2 • Safety

The device has been shipped from the manufacturing site in a safe
condition.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 27

2 • Safety

Page 28 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

3 • Detector Overview

3 Detector Overview

This chapter introduces you to the detector and the main components.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 29

3 • Detector Overview

3.1 Detector Features

The detector comprises the following main features:

• Charged aerosol detection method for liquid chromatography for

detection of all non-volatile and many semi-volatile analytes

• Detection based on measuring charge that is proportional to the

amount of analyte, and, for non-volatile analytes, independent of
the chemical structure of the analyte
In comparison to UV detection, a chromophore is not required for
detection, and in comparison to mass spectrometry, ionization of
the analyte is not necessary.

• Detection with great sub-nanogram sensitivity and a wide dynamic

range

• FocusJet™ nebulizer with concentric design for extended low pump

flow rate range

• Adjustable evaporation temperature for optimization of analyte

response and use with a wider range of eluents

♦ VH-detector: Adjustable range for the evaporation temperature

♦ VF-detector: Selectable evaporation temperatures

• For data collection, the detector supports the following data

acquisition rate:

♦ VH-detector: Up to 200 Hz

♦ VF-detector: Up to 100 Hz

Page 30 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

3.2 Operating Principle

The detector is designed for charged aerosol detection with full
compatibility in HPLC and UHPLC applications. In charged aerosol
detection, an aerosol of dried analyte particles is formed after
nebulization of column eluate. Electrical charge is imparted to these
dried particles. The detector then measures the charge. Measured
charge is proportional to the amount of analyte in the sample.

The following picture shows the interior components of the detector,
and illustrates how the detector operates:

3 • Detector Overview

Figure 1: Operating principle of the detector

No. Description No. Description

1 Eluate from column 8 Mixing chamber

2 Nebulizer 9 Charger gas inlet

3 Gas inlet 10 Corona charger

4 Gas filters 11 Ion trap

5 Spray chamber 12 Electrometer

6 Drain pump 13 Electrometer board

7 Evaporation tube 14 Gas exhaust

Eluate from the column enters the detector (no. 1) and flows to the
nebulizer (no. 2). Pressurized gas streams through the gas inlet (no. 3)
and passes through the charcoal gas filter and then the HEPA gas filter
(no. 4). In the nebulizer (no. 2), the filtered gas and the eluate merge at
the nebulizer tip to create an aerosol within the spray chamber (no. 5).

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 31

3 • Detector Overview

The largest aerosol droplets condense within the spray chamber (no. 5)
and are removed by the drain pump (no. 6) through the waste outlet.
Smaller droplets pass into a temperature-controlled evaporation tube
(no. 7), in which solvent and more volatile components are vaporized.

By the end of the evaporation tube, the resulting aerosol particles enter
the mixing chamber (no. 8), where they collide with a secondary stream
of ionized gas (no. 9) that has passed through a corona charger (no. 10).
Each dried aerosol particle undergoes surface diffusional charging,
where the level of charge per particle is proportional to particle size and
the cumulative charge of the population is directly related to the analyte
amount.

In the ion trap (no. 11), higher mobility ions and smaller charged
particles are removed. Lower mobility charged particles pass to a
conductive filter and aggregate charge is measured with a sensitive
electrometer (no. 12). Signal is processed by the electrometer board
(no. 13) and sent to the chromatography data system. The resulting gas
flow exits the detector through the gas exhaust (no. 14).

Page 32 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

3.3 Interior Components

The user-accessible components of the detector are located directly
behind the front doors:

3 • Detector Overview

Figure 2: Interior view

No. Description

1 Keypad with status indicators

2 Gas filter assembly behind the protective cover

3 Leak tray

4 Nebulizer (after installation)

5 Waste outlet

6 Type label, indicating the part number, module name, and serial number

7 Drain port

8 Leak sensor

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 33

3 • Detector Overview

3.4 Nebulizer

The FocusJet nebulizer is the liquid flow inlet of the charged aerosol
detector. Eluate from the column flows into the nebulizer and merges
with filtered gas that is supplied to the nebulizer. Due to the concentric
flow design of the nebulizer, an aerosol is produced within the spray
chamber.

Figure 3: FocusJet nebulizer

Page 34 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

3.5 Gas Filter Assembly

An assembly of two gas filters on the front side of the detector filters the
supplied gas internally before it is used in the detector. The gas filters
consist of a charcoal filter and a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)
filter. Gas supplied through the gas inlet of the detector is first filtered in
the charcoal gas filter (bottom filter) and then in the HEPA gas filter (top
filter).

Sufficient filtering of the supplied gas, both externally and internally,
ensures that the gas is clean and free from micro particles.

3 • Detector Overview

Figure 4: Gas filter assembly behind protective cover

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 35

3 • Detector Overview

3.6 Excess Liquid and Leak Detection

As leaks are a potential safety issue, sensors in the charged aerosol
detector monitor the following:

• Excess liquid inside the detector gas flow path

The liquid sensor inside the detector detects any liquid that
accumulates inside. When excess liquid is present, the liquid sensor
is activated.

When the liquid sensor detects excess liquid (flooding) inside the
detector, the status indicators change to red and beeping starts to
alert you. The Chromeleon software automatically stops the pump
flow and issues a message in the Audit Trail. Follow the instructions
in this manual to eliminate the excess liquid.

• Liquid leaks

The leak sensor in the leak tray detects liquid leaks from flow
connections. The liquid is collected in the leak tray and guided to the
drain port. From the drain port, the liquid is discharged to waste
through the drain system of the Vanquish system.

When the leak sensor detects leakage, the status indicators change
to red and beeping starts to alert you. Follow the instructions in this
manual to find and eliminate the source for the leakage.

Page 36 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

3.7 Operation

3 • Detector Overview

The detector is designed to be operated from a computer configured
with the Chromeleon Chromatography Data System (CDS). The
Chromeleon software provides complete instrument control, data
acquisition, and data management.

For a basic description of instrument control and automated sample
analysis with the Chromeleon software, refer to the Vanquish System
Operating Manual. Details on control and operation of the detector are
available in the Chromeleon Help.

TIP The detector can be operated also with other data systems, such as
Xcalibur™. In this case, installation of additional software is required in
addition to the data system software. For details, contact the Thermo
Fisher Scientific sales organization.

A keypad is available inside the detector, allowing you to perform
certain basic functions directly from the detector.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 37

3 • Detector Overview

Page 38 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

4 • Unpacking and Transport

4 Unpacking and Transport

This chapter provides information for unpacking and moving the detector

and informs you about the scope of delivery.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 39

4 • Unpacking and Transport

4.1 Unpacking and Moving

Damaged Packaging, Defective on Arrival

Inspect the shipping container for signs of external damage and, after
unpacking, inspect the detector for any signs of mechanical damage that
might have occurred during shipment.

If you suspect that the detector may have been damaged during
shipment, immediately notify the incoming carrier and Thermo Fisher
Scientific about the damage. Shipping insurance will compensate for the
damage only if reported immediately.

Unpacking the Detector

CAUTION—Heavy Load, Bulky Device

The detector is too heavy or bulky for one person alone to handle safely.
To avoid personal injury or damage to the detector, observe the
following guidelines:

Tools required

Follow these steps

• Physical handling of the detector, including lifting or moving,

requires a team effort of two persons.

• A team effort is in particular required when lifting the detector into

the system stack or when removing it.

• Use the carrying handles that were shipped with the detector to

move or transport the detector. Never move or lift the detector by
the front doors. This will damage the doors or the detector.

Screwdriver, Torx® T20

1. Place the shipping container on the floor and open it.

2. Remove the ship kit from the shipping container.

3. Remove the upper foam spacer from the detector.

Page 40 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

4 • Unpacking and Transport

4. Grasp the detector by the carrying handles. Slowly and carefully, lift
the detector out of the shipping container.
If the foam spacer under the detector is lifted out of the shipping
container with the detector, remove it from the detector before you
continue.

Figure 5: Carrying handles on the detector

No. Component

1 Carrying handles

2 Attachment screw (one on each carrying handle)

5. Place the detector on a stable surface.

6. Transport the detector by the carrying handles to the installation
site, if it is not already there, and place it in the system stack (see
the System Arrangement section in this operating manual).

7. On each carrying handle, loosen the attachment screw until the
carrying handle is moveable in the rail. Do not remove the screws
from the carrying handles completely.

8. Slide off the carrying handles from the rails towards the rear of the
detector.

Figure 6: Sliding off the carrying handle from the left rail

TIP Keep the shipping container, the carrying handles with the
attachment screws, and all packing material. These items will be
needed if the detector is transported to a new location or shipped.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 41

4 • Unpacking and Transport

Moving the Detector after Installation

9. Some surfaces including the doors of the detector are covered by a
protective film during shipment. Remove the protective film from all
surfaces as applicable.

If you have to move the detector after it has been set up and installed in
the Vanquish system, prepare the detector for transport and move it to
the new location. Follow the instructions in section 7.12 Transporting or

Shipping the Detector, page 142.

Page 42 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

4.2 Scope of Delivery

The following items are included in the delivery:

• Detector with nebulizer

• Ship Kit

For details about the kit content, see section 10.2 Ship Kit, page 169.

• Operating manual

• Power cord

4 • Unpacking and Transport

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 43

4 • Unpacking and Transport

Page 44 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

5 • Installation

5 Installation

This chapter specifies the requirements for the installation site and

describes how to set up, install, and configure the detector in the Vanquish

system and in the chromatography software.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 45

5 • Installation

5.1 Safety Guidelines for Installation

Pay attention to the following safety guidelines:

Observe all warning messages and precautionary statements presented
in section 2.3 Safety Precautions (see page 19).

CAUTION—Heavy Load, Bulky Device

The detector is too heavy or bulky for one person alone to handle safely.
To avoid personal injury or damage to the detector, observe the
following guidelines:

• Physical handling of the detector, including lifting or moving,

requires a team effort of two persons.

• A team effort is in particular required when lifting the detector into

the system stack or when removing it.

• Use the carrying handles that were shipped with the detector to

move or transport the detector. Never move or lift the detector by
the front doors. This will damage the doors or the detector.

Page 46 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

5.2 Installing the Detector

The Vanquish system is installed and set up by a Thermo Fisher Scientific
service engineer, including all modules and options or parts shipped with
them. The service engineer checks that the installation is correct and
that the Vanquish system and modules operate as specified. The
engineer also demonstrates the basic operation and main features.

If personnel other than a Thermo Fisher Scientific service engineer
installs the detector, follow the steps below.

NOTICE The detector is part of the Vanquish system. Therefore, follow
the order for installing the system modules as described in the Vanquish
System Operating Manual.
When another detector is installed in the system, follow the instructions
in this manual to install the charged aerosol detector in addition to the
other detector.

5 • Installation

1. Pay attention to the safety guidelines and observe all site
requirements.
For the safety guidelines when installing the detector, see

section 5.1, page 46. For the site requirements, see section 5.3,
page 49.

2. Set up the detector hardware. See section 5.5, page 56.

3. Set up the flow connections. See section 5.6, page 70.

4. Turn on the detector. See section 5.7, page 81.

TIP Before turning on the power to a Vanquish system module for the
first time, verify that the chromatography software is installed on the
data system computer. When the power is turned on, the required USB
drivers are automatically found and the Windows® operating system can
detect the device.

5. Set up the detector in the software. See section 5.8, page 82.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 47

5 • Installation

6. Recommended:
Perform Instrument Installation Qualification.

In Chromeleon, a wizard is available to guide you through the
qualification process:

♦ On the Chromeleon 7 Console: Click Tools > Instrument

Qualification > Installation Qualification.

♦ In the Chromeleon 6.8 Browser: Click Qualification >

Instruments IQ.

Follow the instructions in the Instruments Installation Qualification
Operating Instructions. The manual provides information about the

required materials and detailed instructions.

NOTICE If the detector is operated with another data system, refer to
the documentation for the software that you are using and/or perform
the qualification manually.
The Instruments Installation Qualification Operating Instructions provide
information about the parameters to be adapted and the required
settings.

7. Recommended:
Perform Operational Qualification.

The qualification kit includes all materials required for the
qualification and detailed instructions.

Page 48 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

5.3 Site Requirements

The operating environment is important to ensure optimal performance
of the detector. This section provides important requirements for the
installation site. Note the following:

• Operate the detector only under appropriate laboratory conditions.

• The detector is intended to be part of the Vanquish system. Observe

the site requirements for the Vanquish system as stated in the
Vanquish System Operating Manual.

• For specifications, see the Specifications section in this operating

manual and the Operating Manuals for the other modules in the
Vanquish system.

Power Considerations

5 • Installation

The power supply of the device has wide-ranging capability, accepting
any line voltage in the range specified for the device.

To avoid power fluctuations, the use of an uninterruptible power supply
(UPS) is recommended.

CAUTION—Electric Shock or Damage to the Device

• Connecting the device to a line voltage higher or lower than

specified could result in personal injury or damage to the device.
Therefore, connect the device to the specified line voltage only.

• Never connect the device to a power socket that is shared with other

equipment (for example, multiple sockets).

• Do not use extensions cords.

• After the power to the device is turned off, the device is still

energized as long as the power cord is connected. Repair work on
the device while the device is connected to power could lead to
personal injury. Therefore, always unplug the power cord before
starting repair work inside the device. If you were instructed to
remove any covers or panels, do not connect the power cord to the
device while the cover or panels are removed.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 49

5 • Installation

Power Cord

The power cords are designed to match the wall socket requirements of
the country in which they are used. The end of the power cords that
plugs into the power socket on the device is identical for all power cords.
The end of the power cords that plugs into the wall socket is different.

WARNING—Electric Shock or Damage to the Device

• Never use a power cord other than the power cords provided by

Thermo Fisher Scientific for the device.

• Only use a power cord that is designed for the country in which you

use the device.

• Do not use extensions cords.

• Never plug the power cord to a power socket that is shared with

other equipment (for example, multiple sockets).

Condensation

• Operate the device only from a power outlet that has a protective

ground connection.

• In case of emergency, it must be possible to reach the power cord

easily at any time to disconnect the device from the power line.

WARNING—Electric Shock or Damage to a Product

Misuse of the power cords could cause personal injury or damage the
instrument. Use the power cords provided by Thermo Fisher Scientific
only for the purpose for which they are intended. Do not use them for
any other purpose, for example, for connecting other instruments.

NOTICE Condensation in the device can damage the electronics.
Therefore, when using, shipping, or storing the device, avoid or minimize
conditions that can lead to a build-up of condensation in the device. For
example, avoid significant or fast changes in environmental conditions.
If you suspect that condensation is present, allow the device to warm up
to room temperature. This may take several hours. Wait until the
condensation is gone completely before connecting the detector to the
power line.

Page 50 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

5 • Installation

Ventilation

CAUTION—Hazardous Fumes

The exhaust gas of the detector may contain hazardous fumes that pose
health and safety risks. Avoid an accumulation of gas. The exhaust gas
must always be removed by proper ventilation. Make sure that the
installation site is well ventilated. Do not vent directly into the
laboratory.

In addition to the operating conditions for ventilation stated in the
Vanquish System Operating Manual, make sure that the location fulfils
the following requirements.

• Operate the detector nearby the gas supply and ventilation sources.

• Ventilation must be at atmospheric pressure with no vacuum or

negative pressure applied.

NOTICE A vacuum in the ventilation can cause a depressurization
inside the detector. This can impair detector operation and lead to a
decreased performance. Avoid a vacuum or a negative pressure in
the ventilation of the detector.

• Install the detector in a well-ventilated laboratory. Exhaust gases

(including carrier gas, vaporized eluents and solute micro particles)
exit on the right side of the detector through the gas exhaust port.
The exhaust gas may contain volatile organic compounds in low
concentration. Make sure that the detector is properly vented.
Direct the gas exhaust tubing to a fume hood or connect it to
another ventilation device.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 51

5 • Installation

Gas Supply

CAUTION—Explosion Hazard or Damage to the Detector

When using tetrahydrofuran (THF), the use of air as supplied gas may
pose an explosion hazard. This can pose a safety and health risk and
damage the detector. Always use nitrogen with tetrahydrofuran or other
highly combustible solvents.

CAUTION—Excessive Gas Supply Pressure

An improper or excessive gas supply pressure can lead to an
overpressure in detector that can cause the detector to release gas. This
can pose a health and safety risk.

• Observe the gas supply pressure range that is specified for the

detector. Do not exceed the maximum gas supply pressure.

• If the overpressure relief valve is releasing gas as a result of an

overpressure in the detector during operation, turn off the detector
immediately. Remedy the situation as described in the Resolving Gas
Supply Overpressure section in this manual.

CAUTION—Gas Filter Rupture upon Excessive Gas Supply Pressure

An excessive supply gas pressure can lead to an overpressure in the
detector and cause the gas filters to rupture. This can pose a health and
safety risk.

• Turn on the gas supply only when the gas filters are properly

connected to the detector and the protective cover is properly
installed.

• Observe the gas supply pressure range that is specified for the

detector. Do not exceed the maximum gas supply pressure.

• Before you start the replacement of the gas filter assembly, make

sure that the gas supply and the detector gas flow are turned off.

Page 52 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

5 • Installation

NOTICE—Gas Specifications

The requirements and specifications for the gas supplied to the detector
have major impact on the detector performance. Observe the following
notes:

• If the gas supply pressure is varying or dropping below the specified

pressure range, it can impair the performance of the detector or
even damage the detector.

• Non-volatile hydrocarbons, such as compressor oils, in the gas

supplied to the detector can cause permanent damage to the
detector.

• If the supply gas is contaminated with particles (size ≥ 0.1 µm), water

vapor or other non-volatile substances, it can impair the
performance or even damage the detector.

• Observe all requirements and specifications for the supply gas in this

manual to avoid damage to the detector.

• The gas supply and the gas supply pressure for the detector must

meet the gas specifications in section 9.1 Performance

Specifications, page 164.

• Make sure that the gas supply is regulated to a stable gas pressure

that is within the specified gas pressure range.

• The gas supplied to the detector must be either air or nitrogen. Do

not use helium or other supply gases.

• Nitrogen gas (typically ≥ 95% nitrogen purity) is recommended for

most applications. Air may be used when working with mobile
phases of low combustibility.

• With highly combustible mobile phases, such as tetrahydrofuran

(THF) and other ethers and ketones, use nitrogen as supply gas.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 53

5 • Installation

• The use of a non-bottled gas source is recommended, such as

♦ A nitrogen generator with suitable air compressor or with a

suitable in-house air source

♦ Medical-grade nitrogen from an in-house liquid nitrogen source

TIP Use of smaller compressed nitrogen cylinders or liquid nitrogen
containers may be a quick and easy source of nitrogen during
installation. However, it is not recommended for routine operation.

• The gas consumption of the detector is typically ≤ 4 L/min.

• The supply gas must be free from water vapor, free from particles,

and must not contain non-volatile hydrocarbons, such as
compressor oils.
If necessary, use a sub-micron particle filter or carbon filter in
combination with a water condensation trap located close to the gas
source.

• Make sure that the gas supply is ready for operation. Follow the

instructions in the User Documentation for the gas supply.

Page 54 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

5.4 Accessing the Interior Components

To access the interior components in the detector, open the front doors.
To allow easy access from the front, the user-accessible components and
flow connections in the detector are located directly behind the doors.

5 • Installation

Figure 7: Opening the front doors

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 55

5 • Installation

5.5 Setting Up the Hardware

This section describes how to set up the hardware and provides
information about the detector connectors and cables.

5.5.1 System Arrangement

The detector is part of the Vanquish system. The system modules are
typically arranged in a system stack, with the arrangement depending on
the system configuration.

No. Description

1 Solvent Rack

2 Charged Aerosol Detector

3 Diode Array Detector

4 Autosampler

5 Pump

6 System Base

7 Column Compartment

Figure 8: Vanquish system, configuration with charged aerosol detector
and diode array detector (example)

Page 56 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

Follow these steps

5 • Installation

Depending on the system configuration, follow the steps as required:

• If the charged aerosol detector is the only detector in the Vanquish

system

Follow the instructions in the Vanquish System Operating Manual to
set up the system stack.

• If the charged aerosol detector is the second detector in the

Vanquish system, for example after the diode array detector

Follow these steps:

1. Set up the system stack with the first detector in the system,

such as the diode array detector. For instructions, refer to the
Vanquish System Operating Manual. Do not install the solvent
rack and the column compartment yet.

2. To position the charged aerosol detector, lift it by its carrying

handles. Place the detector on top of the stack approximately
5 cm before the end of the rails. Lift the front part of the
detector and push the detector towards the rear until the
detector clicks into place.

3. To remove the carrying handles, follow the corresponding steps

in section 4.1, page 40.

4. Place the solvent rack on the detector approximately 5 cm

before the end of the rails. Lift the front part of the solvent rack
and push the solvent rack towards the rear until it clicks into
place.

5. In the system stack configuration with the charged aerosol

detector, the column compartment is installed to the right of the
system. For installation instructions, refer to the Operating

Manual for the column compartment.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 57

5 • Installation

5.5.2 Connecting the Detector

Detector Connectors

The following connectors are provided on the detector:

Figure 9: Electrical and gas connectors on the right side of the detector

No. Description

1

Main power switch (on/off control)

2

Fuse holder

3

Power-inlet connector

Page 58 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

5 • Installation

No. Description

4 System Interlink port

Allows power on/off control for the detector from the Vanquish system base
and additional device communication and synchronization between the
autosampler and the detector

In addition, the connection provides device communication between the
charged aerosol detector and the pump. For example, certain problems in the
charged aerosol detector cause an automatic stop of the pump flow to prevent
a build-up of excess liquid inside the detector.

5 USB hub ("A" type connector)

Allows connection to other modules in the Vanquish system

6 USB (Universal Serial Bus) port ("B" type connector)

Allows connection to other modules in the Vanquish system or the computer
on which the data management system is installed, such as the Chromeleon
software

7 Rating plate, indicating part number, module name, line and fuse rating, serial

number, and the manufacturer's address

8 Gas inlet

9 Gas exhaust

TIP Thermo Fisher Scientific recommends using the USB ports only as
described above. If the USB ports are used for any other purpose,
Thermo Fisher Scientific cannot ensure proper functionality.

Connecting the Detector

NOTICE

• Never use defective communication cables. If you suspect that a

• To ensure trouble-free operation, use only the cables provided by

Allows connection to a gas supply.

Allows connection to ventilation.

cable is defective, replace the cable.

Thermo Fisher Scientific for connecting the detector.

1. Place the detector in the system as required by the system
configuration. For details, see section 5.5.1 System Arrangement,

page 56.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 59

5 • Installation

2. Connect the required interface cables to the detector.

♦ If the charged aerosol detector is the only detector in the

Vanquish system
Follow the instructions in the Vanquish System Operating
Manual to set up the USB and system interlink connections in

the system.

♦ If the charged aerosol detector is the second detector in the

Vanquish system, for example after the diode array detector

Set up the USB and system interlink connections as follows (see

Figure 10, page 61):

a) Follow the instructions in the Vanquish System Operating

Manual to connect the other modules in the system up to
the diode array detector.

b) Connect the "B" connector of a USB cable to the USB port on

the charged aerosol detector, and connect the "A"
connector of the USB cable from the charged aerosol
detector to the USB hub on the diode array detector.

c) Connect the "A" connector of the USB cable from the diode

array detector to a USB port (2.0 or higher) on the
computer.

d) Connect one end of the system interlink cable to the free

System Interlink port on the diode array detector, and the
other end to a System Interlink port on the charged aerosol
detector.

e) Connect one end of the system interlink cable to the free

System Interlink port on the charged aerosol detector, and
the other end to a System Interlink port on the column
compartment.

Page 60 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

5 • Installation

No. Description

1 System base

2 Pump

3 Sampler

4 Diode array detector

5 Charged aerosol detector

6 Column compartment

7 Connection to computer

Figure 10: Interface cable connections in the Vanquish system with
charged aerosol detector and diode array detector

3. Verify that the power switch on the detector is set to OFF.

4. Connect the power cord to the power-inlet connector on the
detector.

NOTICE Before connecting the detector to the power line, be sure that
no condensation is present in the device. Condensation in the device can
damage the electronics. If you suspect that condensation is present,
allow the device to warm up to room temperature. This may take
several hours. Wait until the condensation is completely gone before
proceeding.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 61

5 • Installation

5. Connect the free end of the power cord to an appropriate power
source.

5.5.3 Installing the Nebulizer

This section describes the installation of the FocusJet nebulizer.

CAUTION—Sharp Tip of Nebulizer Capillary

The fused-silica capillary inside the nebulizer protrudes from the
nebulizer tip. The nebulizer capillary is fragile and sharp and can cause
personal injury and damage to the capillary. To avoid personal injury,
always wear safety glasses when handling the nebulizer. Do not touch
the nebulizer tip. Handle the nebulizer with care.

NOTICE—Sensitive Nebulizer

The nebulizer is highly sensitive to contamination and damage. Observe
the following safety notes:

• The nebulizer is highly sensitive to contamination. Even minute

particles on the nebulizer can lead to contamination and poor
detector performance. Always wear clean-room gloves when you
install or remove the nebulizer.

• The fused-silica capillary inside the nebulizer is fragile and may be

subject to mechanical vibrations during transport. Visually inspect
the nebulizer surfaces and the nebulizer tip upon unpacking. For
pictures of the nebulizer, see the Preparations below.

• Operating the nebulizer with a gas pressure other than the pressure

specified for this nebulizer can damage the nebulizer and the
detector. After installation of the nebulizer, set the nebulizer gas
pressure to the pressure that is specified for your nebulizer. The
nebulizer gas pressure is defined on the gas pressure certificate that
is shipped with the nebulizer.

Parts and additional items required

• Clean-room gloves (powder-free)

• FocusJet nebulizer with dedicated nebulizer gas pressure certificate

• Optional: Deionized water

Page 62 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

Preparations

5 • Installation

1. Wear clean-room gloves.

2. Remove the packed nebulizer from behind the detector doors.

3. Unpack the nebulizer carefully from the packaging. Locate the gas
pressure certificate for the nebulizer.
Keep the nebulizer packaging to have it available when transporting
the nebulizer.

Figure 11: Parts of the nebulizer

No. Description

1 Liquid flow inlet

2 Handle

3 Sealing bushing with sealing ring

4 Spray pipe

5 Nebulizer capillary on the tip of the spray pipe

4. Remove the protective tubing from the nebulizer spray pipe
carefully. Do not to touch the nebulizer tip with the protective
tubing, as it can damage the tip.
Keep the protective tubing to have it available when transporting
the nebulizer.

Figure 12: Nebulizer with protective tubing and plug on the flow inlet

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 63

5 • Installation

Follow these steps

1. On the front of the detector, remove the dust seal plug from the
opening for the nebulizer.
Keep the dust seal plug to have it available when transporting the
detector.

Figure 13: Dust seal plug installed in the nebulizer opening

2. Insert the nebulizer in the opening in the front panel of the detector.
Observe the following:

TIP To facilitate inserting the nebulizer in the nebulizer opening,
moisten the sealing ring on the sealing bushing with deionized
water.

♦ The nebulizer tip must point to the opening in the middle of the

nebulizer opening. Avoid the nebulizer tip from touching the
sides of the nebulizer opening, as this can damage the tip.

Page 64 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

5 • Installation

♦ Mind the correct orientation of the nebulizer: The gripping sides

of the nebulizer are on the top and bottom side of the handle.
The protruding sides for attachment are on the left and right
side of the handle. See the picture below.

No. Description

1 Opening in the middle of

the nebulizer opening

2 Gripping sides on top and

bottom handle side

3 Protruding sides on left

and right handle side

Figure 14: Correct orientation of the nebulizer for installation

3. Push the nebulizer into the opening until the spray pipe and sealing
bushing are completely in the opening. The nebulizer handle must
lie flush against the nebulizer opening.

Figure 15: Completely inserting the nebulizer

No. Description No. Description

1 Opening for the nebulizer on the

interior panel of the detector

2 Spray pipe

3 Sealing ring in the sealing bushing

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 65

5 • Installation

4. Turn the nebulizer by 90 degrees clockwise in the opening to lock
the nebulizer. Check that the protruding sides on the nebulizer
arrest behind the two locks of the opening and lie against the
alignment pin.

Figure 16: Locking the nebulizer in the detector

No. Description

1 Locks on the nebulizer opening

2 Alignment pin

5. After the detector has been turned on
Set the nebulizer gas pressure that is specified for your nebulizer.
See section 6.5.2, page 98.

Page 66 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

5.5.4 Connecting the Gas Inlet and Exhaust Tubes

This section describes the connection of the gas inlet and exhaust tubes
to the detector.

Parts required

• Gas supply

• Ventilation appliance

• Parts for connecting the gas supply:

♦ Gas inlet elbow connector

♦ Gas inlet tubing

• Parts for connecting the gas exhaust:

5 • Installation

Tools required

Preparations

♦ Gas exhaust elbow connector

♦ Gas exhaust tubing

Tubing cutter (optional)

1. Observe the site requirements for the gas supply and the ventilation
(see section 5.3, page 49).

2. Check the gas tubes and elbow connectors. Observe the following:

♦ Use only the gas tubes and elbow connectors that are shipped

with the detector or additional or spare parts as recommended
by Thermo Fisher Scientific.

♦ The connectors must be free from contaminants. Even minute

particles may cause damage to the system or lead to invalid test
results.

♦ Do not install gas tubes or connection unions that are stressed,

nicked, kinked, or otherwise damaged.

Follow these steps

1. Connect the gas inlet tubing to the gas supply and route it to the
detector.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 67

5 • Installation

2. Connect the gas exhaust tubing to the ventilation and route it to the
detector.

3. Check the length of the gas tubes.
The gas tubes should go straight to the detector. If the gas tubes are
longer than required, use a tubing cutter to cut the tubes straight to
the required length. Make sure that the cut is at a right angle to the
length of the gas tubes.

4. Connect the gas tubes to the elbow connectors. Mind the correct
orientation of the elbow connectors (see Figure 17).

a) Connect the gas inlet tubing to the gas inlet elbow connector.

b) Connect the gas exhaust tubing to the gas exhaust elbow

connector.

Figure 17: Connecting gas tubes to the elbow connectors

No. Description No. Description

1 Connection stem to gas inlet port 4 Connection stem to gas exhaust port

2 Connector for gas inlet tubing 5 Connector for gas exhaust tubing

3 Gas inlet tubing 6 Gas exhaust tubing

Page 68 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

5 • Installation

5. On the right side of the detector, connect the elbow connectors:

a) On the left port (gas inlet), push the connection stem of the gas

inlet elbow connector (no. 2) into the port (no. 1).

b) On the right port (gas exhaust), push the connection stem of the

gas exhaust elbow connector (no. 4) into the port (no. 3).

c) Slightly pull on each elbow connector to check that they are

properly locked in the ports. If an elbow connector slips out of a
port, push it a little bit further into the port and repeat the
check.

Figure 18: Pushing in the connection unions

No. Description No. Description

1 Gas inlet port 3 Gas exhaust port

2 Gas inlet elbow connector with

gas inlet tubing

4 Gas exhaust elbow connector with

gas exhaust tubing

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 69

5 • Installation

5.6 Setting Up the Liquid Flow Connections

5.6.1 General Information and Guidelines

This section describes how to set up the flow connections to and from
the detector and additional flow connections if required.

When setting up flow connections, follow these rules and
recommendations:

Flow connections can be filled with hazardous substances. Observe the
warning messages and precautionary statements presented in

section 2.3 Safety Precautions (see page 19).

NOTICE Before you connect the charged aerosol detector in the system
flow path:
When you install devices or components to the system, always flush
them to waste before connecting them in the system flow path. To flush
the Vanquish modules, follow the instructions in the Vanquish System
Operating Manual.
Flushing the charged aerosol detector will be performed later during
equilibration.

• Dirty components can contaminate the chromatography system.

Contamination leads to poor performance of the modules and entire
system or can even cause damage to the modules and system.
Therefore:

♦ Always wear appropriate gloves.

♦ Place the components only on a clean, lint-free surface.

♦ Keep your tools clean.

♦ Use only lint-free cloth for cleaning.

• For installation instructions and guidelines and for handling

recommendations, see section 5.6.3 Connecting Fittings, Capillaries,

and Tubing, page 73.

Page 70 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

Follow these steps

5 • Installation

To set up the liquid flow connections and complete the installation of
the detector, follow these steps:

1. Connect the waste line (see section 5.6.4, page 75).

2. Connect the inlet capillary to the nebulizer (see section 5.6.5,

page 76).

3. Connect the detector to the drain system (see section 5.6.6,

page 80).

TIP Components or connections in the flow path to other system
modules may be closed with plugs to protect the component or
connection during transport. When you remove the plugs to connect the
detector in the system, keep the plugs. You may need them to close the
connections again, for example, for future transport.

5.6.2 Guiding Capillaries and Tubing Through the System

Flow connections between the modules of the Vanquish system are
guided through either the tubing chase in the devices or the guide holes
in the device housings.

Tubing Chase, Tubing Guide, Tubing Bracket

To guide certain tubes and capillaries (solvent tubing, wash liquid tubing,
detector waste capillary) from the top module to the bottom module in
the Vanquish system stack, the stackable modules have a tubing chase
on the inside right.

The tubing chase provides four tubing guides. Each guide can hold up to
three tubes or capillaries.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 71

5 • Installation

In each module, push the tube (or capillary) into the appropriate guide
(see picture).

Figure 19: Tubing chase with tubing guides (left: view from inside, right:
view from top)

No. Use for

1 Solvent tubing (up to three solvent lines, preferably routed to the upper

degas chambers)

2 Solvent tubing (up to three solvent lines)

3 Wash liquid tubing (seal wash, autosampler needle wash)

4 Detector waste capillary

Tubing brackets are available for holding the tubing in place. Slip the
bracket side onto the drain pipe, and clamp the other side behind the
front panel (see picture).

Figure 20: Tubing bracket (left), tubing bracket installed (right)

Guide Holes

Guide holes are provided at specific positions in the device housings.
Route flow connections from one module to the next module in the
Vanquish system through the appropriate guide hole when instructed to
do so in the manual.

Page 72 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

5.6.3 Connecting Fittings, Capillaries, and Tubing

This section provides information about how to connect and handle
capillaries, fittings, and tubing.

5.6.3.1 General Guidelines

When connecting capillaries and tubing, follow these general
recommendations:

• Use only the capillaries and tubing (for example, solvent lines or

waste tubing) that are shipped with the detector or additional or
spare capillaries and tubing as recommended by Thermo Fisher
Scientific.

5 • Installation

• The connectors must be free from contaminants. Even minute

particles may cause damage to the system or lead to invalid test
results.

• Do not install capillaries or tubing that is stressed, nicked, kinked, or

otherwise damaged.

• Install capillaries and fittings only at the positions for which they are

intended.

5.6.3.2 Connecting Viper Capillaries

This section describes how to connect Viper™ capillaries. All Viper flow
connections in the Vanquish system are designed to be finger-tight.

To connect Viper capillaries with knurl, follow these steps:

NOTICE

• Tighten or loosen Viper capillaries only with your fingers. Do not use

tools other than the knurl that comes with the capillary.

• To avoid damage to the capillary or connection, tighten and loosen

the Viper connections only at atmospheric system pressure.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 73

5 • Installation

No. Description

1 Knurl

2 Capillary

3 Slot

Figure 21: Viper fitting with knurl

1. Insert the Viper capillary into the connection port.

2. Tighten the connection by the knurl.

TIP Note the slot in the knurl. For narrow connections, you can easily
remove the knurls from neighboring capillaries through this slot and
attach them again later.

3. If the connection leaks:

a) Tighten the connection a little more.

b) If leakage continues, remove the capillary.

c) Clean the capillary ends carefully by using a lint-free tissue

wetted with isopropanol.

d) Reinstall the capillary.

e) If the connection continues to leak, install a new Viper capillary.

Page 74 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

5.6.4 Connecting the Waste Line

NOTICE Extending or combining the waste line can cause a backpressure

in the line that can lead to an excess liquid build-up inside the detector.
Avoid extending or combining the waste line. Make sure that the waste
line drains freely into waste.

Parts required

Waste line for connection between waste outlet and waste container

Tools required

Tubing cutter (optional)

Preparations

1. Route the waste line through the detector waste outlet in the
system base to waste. Follow the instructions in the Vanquish

System Operating Manual.

5 • Installation

Follow these steps

2. On the waste outlet on the detector, remove the plug.

1. Route the waste line from the system base to the detector, through
the tubing guides of the system modules below the detector.

2. On the waste outlet on the detector, connect the waste line.

Figure 22: Waste line connected to the waste port

No. Description

1 Waste outlet

2 Waste line

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 75

5 • Installation

3. Check the waste line over the entire flow path:

a) Make sure that no bending, pinching or squeezing of the waste

line is present at any point in the flow path.

b) If you have to cut tubing to length, use a tubing cutter. Make

sure that the cut is at right angle to the length of the line.

When cutting the waste line to length, also make sure that the
cut is not crimped.

The waste line should go straight to the system base and to
waste. Make sure that the line is positioned straight in the
tubing guides.

5.6.5 Connecting the Inlet Capillary to the Nebulizer

Depending on the modules in your Vanquish system, you can connect
the inlet capillary to the nebulizer as follows:

Parts required

Preparations

• Directly from the column,

–or–

• From the flow cell of a first detector, such as the diode array

detector, in the Vanquish system flow path (series flow connection).
In a series liquid flow configuration, one flow path from the pump is
used for both detectors installed in the system.

Inlet capillary for connection to the nebulizer (shipped with the
detector)

TIP Keep the capillary connection to the charged aerosol detector as
short as possible to minimize peak dispersion.

1. Flush the system modules and capillaries upstream of the detector
to waste thoroughly before you connect the detector to the system
flow path. Refer to the Vanquish System Operating Manual.

2. On the nebulizer, remove the plug from the nebulizer flow inlet.

Page 76 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

Follow these steps

Route and connect the capillary to the nebulizer as required by the
system arrangement:

• Connecting the capillary between column and nebulizer (see

section 5.6.5.1, page 77)

–or–

• Connecting the capillary between flow cell and nebulizer (see

section 5.6.5.2, page 78)

Follow the respective instructions.

5.6.5.1 Connecting the Capillary Between Column and Nebulizer

If the charged aerosol detector is the only detector in the Vanquish
system flow path, connect the inlet capillary between column and
nebulizer.

5 • Installation

Preparations

Follow these steps

See section 5.6.5, page 76.

1. Connect the capillary to the column outlet.

2. Route the inlet capillary from the column compartment through the
guide hole in the detector enclosure to the nebulizer. Use the guide
hole that is next to the column compartment.

3. Connect the inlet capillary to the nebulizer.

Figure 23: Inlet capillary and waste line connected in the detector

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 77

5 • Installation

5.6.5.2 Connecting the Capillary Between Flow Cell and Nebulizer

If the charged aerosol detector is the second detector in the Vanquish
system flow path, for example after the diode array detector, connect
the capillary between flow cell and nebulizer.

Observe the following guidelines for series flow configuration:

• The charged aerosol detector must be the last detector connected in

the flow path.

• Other detectors contribute to extra-column volume, which may have

an adverse effect on the peak shape measured by the charged
aerosol detector.

• If the charged aerosol detector is the second detector in the

Vanquish system after the diode array detector

Be aware of the backpressure limit of the LightPipe™ flow cell in the
diode array detector. Connect the capillary from the flow cell
directly to the nebulizer. Avoid connecting any additional
components in the flow path between the two detectors. Refer to
the Operating Manual for the diode array detector.

Preparations

Follow these steps

• If you want to bypass the flow cell, use the Viper union to

interconnect the capillary from the column with the capillary
connected to the nebulizer. Keep the capillary connection as short as
possible to minimize peak dispersion.

• See section 5.6.5, page 76.

• Observe all notes and specifications for the flow cell in the first

detector in the Vanquish system. Refer to the Operating Manual for
this detector.

1. Connect the capillary from the column to the flow cell inlet. Refer to
the instructions in the Operating Manual for the first detector in the
Vanquish system flow path.

2. Route the connecting capillary from the flow cell outlet upward to
charged aerosol detector.

Page 78 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

5 • Installation

3. On the leak tray of the charged aerosol detector, route the capillary
through the capillary clip and secure it behind the clip.

a) Pull the capillary clip carefully to the right to open the clip.

b) Position the capillary behind the capillary clip.

c) Carefully release the clip and take care not to clamp the

capillary. The capillary must be secured behind the clip.

Figure 24: Securing the capillary behind the capillary clip on the leak tray

No. Description No. Description

1 Capillary from the flow cell 2 Capillary clip

4. Connect the inlet capillary to the nebulizer.

Figure 25: Series flow connection between diode array detector and
charged aerosol detector (example)

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 79

5 • Installation

No. Description

1 Capillary connection from the column compartment to the flow cell

2 Capillary connection between flow cell and nebulizer

3 Waste line from the charged aerosol detector to the system base

5.6.6 Guiding Liquid Leaks to Waste

Leaking liquids of the detector are collected in the leak tray, where they
flow off through the chase on the right side of the leak tray to the drain
system.

For information about how the liquid is discharged to waste through the
Vanquish drain system, refer to the Vanquish System Operating Manual.

Page 80 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

5.7 Turning On the Detector

TIP Before turning on the power to a Vanquish system module for the

first time, verify that the chromatography software is installed on the
data system computer. When the power is turned on, the required USB
drivers are automatically found and the Windows® operating system can
detect the device.

To turn on the power to the detector, follow these steps:

1. Check that the power button on the front left of the Vanquish
system base (system power button) is pressed in. If the power
button stands out, press the power button to turn on the power on
the system base.

5 • Installation

2. Turn on the detector with its main power switch.

Turn the detector off with the main power switch, when instructed to do
so, for example, during maintenance. Pressing the system power button
will not be sufficient to turn off the power to the device completely.

For power on/off control during detector operation, see section 6.4,

page 91.

NOTICE Make sure that the pump flow to the detector is turned off. To
properly turn on the detector gas flow and only then turn on the pump
flow to the detector, follow the instructions in section 6.5 Preparing the

Detector for Operation, page 92.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 81

5 • Installation

5.8 Setting Up the Detector in the Software

This manual assumes that the chromatography software is already
installed on the data system computer and a valid license is available.

For more information about setting up the Vanquish system in the
software, refer to the Vanquish System Operating Manual.

The Help for the software that you are using provides detailed
information about the settings on each property page.

Page 82 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

6 • Operation

6 Operation

This chapter describes the elements for detector control, provides

information for routine operation and for shutdown.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 83

6 • Operation

6.1 Introduction to this Chapter

The information in this chapter assumes that the initial setup of the
detector has already been completed. If this is not the case, refer to the
instructions in chapter 5 Installation before proceeding (see page 45).

For a basic description of instrument control and automated sample
analysis with the Chromeleon software, refer to the Vanquish System
Operating Manual. Details on control and operation of the detector are
available in the Chromeleon Help.

Page 84 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

6.2 Safety Guidelines for Operation

When operating the detector, pay attention to the following safety
guidelines:

Observe all warning messages and precautionary statements presented
in section 2.3 Safety Precautions (see page 19).

CAUTION—Explosion Hazard or Damage to the Detector

When using tetrahydrofuran (THF), the use of air as supplied gas may
pose an explosion hazard. This can pose a safety and health risk and
damage the detector. Always use nitrogen with tetrahydrofuran or other
highly combustible solvents.

6 • Operation

NOTICE Pay attention also to the following guidelines:

• When operating the chromatography system, always set the lower

pressure limit for the pump. This prevents damage resulting from
leakage or from running the pump dry.

• If there is evidence of leakage in the detector, turn off the pump

flow and remedy the situation immediately.

• Verify that the detector gas flow is turned on always before you turn

on the pump flow to the detector. Do not direct pump flow to the
detector without gas flow being turned on.

• When turning on detector gas flow and pump flow

Turn on the detector gas flow first, wait at least 5 minutes and only
then turn on the pump flow.

• When turning off pump flow and detector gas flow

Turn off the pump flow first, wait at least 5 minutes and only then
turn off the detector gas flow. During the waiting period, the drain
pump drains any remaining mobile phase to waste before it
automatically turns off.

• If the overpressure relief valve is releasing gas as a result of an

overpressure in the detector during operation, turn off the detector
immediately. Remedy the situation as described in the Resolving Gas

Supply Overpressure section in this manual.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 85

6 • Operation

• Turn on the gas supply and detector gas flow only when the

nebulizer is installed, the components in the gas flow path are
properly connected, and the protective cover of the gas filter
assembly is installed.

• Observe the requirements for gas supply and ventilation. See

section 5.3 Site Requirements, page 49.

• Contamination of the mobile phase can damage the detector. Avoid

contamination of the mobile phase. Follow the Mobile Phase

Guidelines for the Detector in section 6.5.1, page 95.

• Operate the detector only within the allowed flow rate range.

Exceeding the flow rate limit will damage the detector.

• Observe the specifications for operation. See section 9.1

Performance Specifications, page 164.

Page 86 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

6.3 Control Elements

The detector is designed to be operated mainly from a computer
running with the chromatography software.

In addition, the following elements are available on the detector:

• Keypad

The keypad buttons allow you to perform certain functions directly
from the detector.

• Status indicators

The LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) on the status indicator LED bar on
the front side of the detector and the STATUS LED on the keypad
provide a quick visual check of the operational status of the
detector.

6 • Operation

6.3.1 Keypad

STATUS

The keypad inside the detector allows you to perform certain functions
directly from the detector. When you press a button, a short beep
confirms that the function is performed. When the detector is
connected in the Chromeleon software, some functions may not be
available from the keypad (see further down in this section).

Figure 26: Keypad

The STATUS LED provides a quick visual check of the operational status
of the detector. When the doors are closed, the LED bar on the front
side indicates the operational status.

For status details, see section 6.3.2, page 89.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 87

6 • Operation

MUTE ALARM

GAS

If beeping alerts you that the detector firmware detected a problem, for
example leakage, beeping continues until you turn off the beep. Pressing
this button turns off the beep for the current alarm. As a standard,
beeping starts again after 10 minutes if the problem is still present or if
the firmware detected another problem.

Pushing the Gas button will perform the following actions:

• Turn the detector gas flow on and off

• Turn the drain pump on and off

After you pushed the button for turning off, the drain pump will
remain enabled for a short period longer to remove any remaining
mobile phase.

The LED next to the button indicates the gas status:

LED Description

Off (dark) The detector gas flow and drain pump are turned off.

Green The detector gas flow and drain pump are turned on.

When the detector is connected in the Chromeleon software

The button functionality is as follows when the detector is connected in
the Chromeleon software:

• No injection (sample) or sequence or baseline monitoring is running:

All functions are available from the keypad.

• An injection (sample) or sequence or baseline monitoring is running:

The Mute Alarm function remains available from the keypad,
allowing you to turn off the beep for the current alarm.

Page 88 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

6.3.2 Status Indicators

The status LED bar on the front side of the detector and the STATUS LED
on the inside keypad provide information about the detector status.

LED Bar

The LED bar provides the information when the detector is closed. When
the detector is connected in the Chromeleon software, the LED bar may
provide less information.

6 • Operation

LED Bar Description

Off (dark) The power to the detector is turned off.

Dimmed The doors of the detector are open.

Yellow, flashing slowly The power to the detector is turned on, but the detector is

not connected in the Chromeleon software.

Yellow The detector is connected in the Chromeleon software, but

is not equilibrated.

The detector gas flow and drain pump are turned off.

Green, flashing The detector prepares for operation. This comprises the

following phases:

• The detector performs the self-test.

• The detector is warming up.

• The detector is equilibrating.

In Chromeleon, if the setting is enabled that the evaporation
temperature must be within a specified temperature range,
the evaporation temperature is not yet within this range.
For details on the setting, see section 6.6, page 100.

Green The detector is equilibrated, but no data acquisition is

running.

The detector gas flow and drain pump are turned on.

Blue An injection (sample) or sequence is running.

No data acquisition is running.

Blue, running Data acquisition is running.

Red A problem or error has occurred. For the related message,

check the Chromeleon Audit Trail. For remedial action, see
the Troubleshooting section in this operating manual.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 89

6 • Operation

STATUS LED

The STATUS LED in the detector provides the following information:

STATUS LED Description

Off (dark) The power to the detector is turned off.

Green The detector is functioning properly.

Red A problem or error has occurred. For the related message,

check the Chromeleon Audit Trail. For remedial action, see
the Troubleshooting section.

For information about the LED that is present next to the Gas button on
the keypad, see section 6.3.1 Keypad, page 87.

Page 90 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

6.4 Power On/Off Control

The power switch on the detector is the main switch for power on/off
control. The main power switch is turned on during initial installation of
the detector.

For easier handling, you can use the power button on the front left of
the Vanquish system base (system power button) for power on/off.

Observe the following:

• All modules in the Vanquish system that are connected to the

system base via system interlink cables are turned on or off
simultaneously when the system power button is pressed.

• When the power is on, the system power button is pressed in. When

the power is off, the system power button stands out.

6 • Operation

• If the main power switch on a device is off, you cannot turn on the

device with the system power button.

• To turn off a device completely, you have to turn it off with the main

power switch on the device. Pressing the system power button will
not be sufficient to turn off the power to the device completely.

Upon power up, the detector performs a self-test. If the self-test is not
successful, the status indicators are red and the detector is not ready for
analysis. Check the Chromeleon Audit Trail for the related message and
take appropriate remedial action.

After the self-test, a warm-up phase follows. During this phase, the
detector monitors the temperature of the internal components. If the
ambient temperature is cool or cold, the warm-up phase can take
longer.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 91

6 • Operation

6.5 Preparing the Detector for Operation

This section gives information on any additional steps that are required
to prepare the detector for operation and sample analysis.

Before Operating the Detector for the First Time

Prepare the detector for the first-time operation, observing the
following:

NOTICE Flush the system flow path thoroughly before operating the
detector for the first time:

• Before connecting the charged aerosol detector to the system flow

path

When you install devices or components to the system, always flush
them to waste before connecting them in the system flow path. To
flush the Vanquish modules, follow the instructions in the Vanquish
System Operating Manual.

• When the charged aerosol detector is connected in the system flow

path
Flush the detector only when the detector gas flow is turned on.
Deliver pump flow to the detector for flushing (see below).

• Before operating the detector, verify the nebulizer gas pressure

setting. Set the nebulizer gas pressure as specified on the nebulizer
certificate. Follow the instructions in section 6.5.2, page 98.

• To deliver pump flow to the charged aerosol detector, follow these

steps:

a) Turn on the detector gas flow. See section 6.5.3, page 99. The

pump flow must be turned off. Wait at least 5 minutes before
you continue.

b) In Chromeleon, set the pump flow rate limit to the maximum

flow rate specified for the charged aerosol detector.

c) Turn on the pump flow to the detector. Have the pump deliver

flow to the detector.

• Verify that any air bubbles are completely flushed out of the system

flow path.

Page 92 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

Before Starting Sample Analysis

Before starting an analysis:

• Make sure that the pump flow rate that is delivered to the charged

aerosol detector is within the specified range. See section 9.1,

page 164.

• To deliver pump flow to the charged aerosol detector, follow these

steps:

a) Turn on the detector gas flow. See section 6.5.3, page 99. The

pump flow must be turned off. Wait at least 5 minutes before
you continue.

b) Turn on the pump flow to the detector. Have the pump deliver

flow to the detector.

6 • Operation

• Check the liquid level in the solvent reservoirs. Verify that the

amount of solvent is sufficient for the analysis.

• Verify that the doors of the modules in the Vanquish system are

closed.

• Make sure that the chromatography system is properly equilibrated.

System equilibration should include the following operations:

♦ Purging the pump (all channels)

♦ Flushing the entire chromatography system with the starting

solvent to rinse out any solvent from a previous analysis run

♦ Warming up (or cooling down) all temperature-controlled

devices in the system to the starting temperature
Temperature-controlled devices can be, for example,

♦ Column compartment and post-column cooler

♦ Thermostatting in the autosampler

♦ Flow cell in a fluorescence detector

♦ Evaporation tube in a charged aerosol detector

♦ Turning on the lamp (or lamps) in the UV/VIS detector

♦ Monitoring the pump pressure and pressure ripple and checking

that the pressure is stable and the ripple within reasonable
limits for the application

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 93

6 • Operation

♦ Monitoring the detector signal and checking whether the

detector signal is stable so that the drift and signal noise are
within reasonable limits for the application

♦ Performing an autozero of the detector baseline

TIP The Chromeleon software supports procedures for automatically
starting a chromatography system in the software (Smart Startup). The
startup procedure includes the operations for system equilibration. For
details, refer to the Chromeleon Help.

Page 94 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

6.5.1 Mobile Phase Guidelines for the Detector

CAUTION—Explosion Hazard or Damage to the Detector

When using tetrahydrofuran (THF), the use of air as supplied gas may
pose an explosion hazard. This can pose a safety and health risk and
damage the detector. Always use nitrogen with tetrahydrofuran or other
highly combustible solvents.

NOTICE Inappropriate or contaminated mobile phase can damage the
detector. The quality of the mobile phase significantly influences the
performance of the detector. Observe the following guidelines to avoid
damage to the detector.

6 • Operation

General Guidelines

• Use only volatile mobile phases. All constituents, i.e. solvents and

additives, of the mobile phase should be sufficiently volatile to allow
evaporation under the conditions used.

• Non-volatile solutes in the mobile phase, even at trace amounts,

produce a detector signal (background current, noise, drift).
Minimize their concentration.

TIP A careful consideration in the selection of the mobile phase
components will be helpful in minimizing the baseline noise and
optimizing the performance during analysis.

Observe the following guidelines to minimize the concentration of non­volatile matter in the mobile phase:

• Prepare all mobile phases with volatile solvents and additives that

have low residue after evaporation such as high-purity water,
LC/MS-grade solvents and reagent-grade chemicals.

TIP Use water from an ultra-pure deionized source, as it typically has
low conductivity and high resistivity.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 95

6 • Operation

• Avoid filtering the mobile phase. Filtration can increase the amount

of detectable particulates within the mobile phase.

• With highly combustible mobile phases, such as tetrahydrofuran

(THF) and other ethers and ketones, use nitrogen as supply gas.

• If a particular solvent or additive causes problems due to high

residue after evaporation, try a different grade or vendor for the
solvent.

• When changing the operating mobile phase

Make sure that the solvents are miscible and that any buffer salts
will not cause precipitation. If required, use an appropriate
intermediate solvent.

TIP Keep this in mind particularly when switching pump flow from
other detectors to the Vanquish charged aerosol detector.

• Overview of typical compatible solvents for use with the detector:

Guidelines for Additives

Typical compatible solvents

Water

Methanol

Isopropanol

Acetonitrile

Acetone

Methylene chloride

Hexane

Chloroform

Tetrahydrofuran

NOTE: Use with nitrogen gas only.

• Use only volatile additives for the mobile phase, such as pH

modifiers, salts and ion pairing reagents.

• Acetic and formic acid and their corresponding ammonium salts are

typically used to prepare volatile buffers.

Page 96 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

6 • Operation

• Use the lowest practical concentration of additive, especially those

that typically have higher residue after evaporation, such as
trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA).

• Avoid using non-volatile buffers, such as those based on sulfate and

phosphate.

• Overview of typical additives and buffers that can be used with the

detector:

Additive/Buffer pKa Buffer range Recommended

max. concentration

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) 0.3 -- 0.1%

Formic acid

3.75 2.8 – 4.8

Ammonium formate 10 mM

Acetic acid

4.76 3.8 – 5.8

Ammonium acetate 10 mM

0.3%

0.05 – 1%

• The stability of the mobile phase may decrease over time. Prepare

mobile phases freshly on a daily basis.

• Select the evaporation temperature to optimize the evaporation of

background residue from the mobile phase. See section 6.7.5,

page 107.

NOTICE Long-term exposure of the detector to non-volatile mobile
phases, such as inorganic buffers, will damage the detector. Do not
use inorganic buffers.

• If the detector is inadvertently exposed to a non-volatile mobile

phase, use water of LC/MS-grade or better as mobile phase to
remove the salts from the detector.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 97

6 • Operation

6.5.2 Verifying the Nebulizer Gas Pressure

Before operating the detector, verify the nebulizer gas pressure setting.

NOTICE Operating the nebulizer with a gas pressure other than the
pressure specified for this nebulizer can damage the nebulizer and the
detector. After installation of the nebulizer, set the nebulizer gas
pressure to the pressure that is specified for your nebulizer. The
nebulizer gas pressure is defined on the gas pressure certificate that is
shipped with the nebulizer.

1. In Chromeleon, open the Command window. Navigate to the Gas
Regulator Pressure Nominal parameter.

2. Check if the gas pressure on the nebulizer certificate matches the
nebulizer gas pressure set in the Gas Regulator Pressure Nominal
parameter.
If the nebulizer gas pressure deviates from the pressure on the
nebulizer certificate, enter the gas pressure from the nebulizer
certificate.

3. Close the Command window.

4. Monitor the Gas Regulator Pressure until it reaches the setpoint.

Page 98 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual

6.5.3 Turning On the Detector Gas Flow

Follow the instructions in this section to turn on the detector gas flow.

CAUTION—Escaping Gas

Gas can escape from open gas connections when the detector gas flow
and/or the gas supply is turned on. The escaping gas can pose a health
and safety risk.

Turn on the gas supply and detector gas flow only when the nebulizer is
installed, the components in the gas flow path are properly connected,
and the protective cover of the gas filter assembly is installed.

NOTICE—Detector Gas Flow and Pump Flow
Improper handling of detector gas flow and pump flow start and stop
can damage the detector. Observe the respective order of steps:

6 • Operation

Preparations

Follow these steps

• When turning on detector gas flow and pump flow

Turn on the detector gas flow first, wait at least 5 minutes and only
then turn on the pump flow.

• When turning off pump flow and detector gas flow

Turn off the pump flow first, wait at least 5 minutes and only then
turn off the detector gas flow. During the waiting period, the drain
pump drains any remaining mobile phase to waste before it
automatically turns off.

1. Make sure that you observe the site requirements for the gas
supply. See page 52.

2. Turn on the gas supply to the detector. Observe the Gas
specifications for the gas supply pressure. See section 9.1

Performance Specifications, page 164.

1. Turn on the gas flow in the detector using the Gas button on the
keypad of the detector or using Chromeleon.

2. Close the detector doors.

Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual Page 99

6 • Operation

6.6 Important Operating Parameters

The parameters described in this section should be considered for
routine operation of the detector. You can usually access these
parameters from the Chromeleon user interface. For more information,
refer to Chromeleon Help and documents.

Parameters Description

Signal channels The signal channels are available for the detector in the

Instrument Configuration Manager (Chromeleon 7) or
Server Configuration program (Chromeleon 6.8).

CAD_1 The CAD_1 signal channel is available for data acquisition.

As a standard, the detector measures the current in pA.

Background current Records and monitors the background current of the

detector during data acquisition without autozero or filter
constant applied. As a standard, the detector measures
the current in pA.

For further information, see section 6.7.4 Signal Channels,

page 106.

Gas regulator

pressure (signal
channel)

Evaporation tube

temperature

Gas state Turns the detector gas flow On or Off.

Autozero Performs an automatic null balancing. The current

Records and monitors the nebulizer pressure during data
acquisition.

The default unit setting for the gas pressure corresponds
to the Pressure Unit that is defined on the detector
configuration pages in the Chromeleon software.

For further information, see section 6.7.4 Signal Channels,

page 106.

Records and monitors the actual temperature of the
evaporation tube during data acquisition. The
temperature is recorded in °C as a default.

For further information, see section 6.7.4 Signal Channels,

page 106.

Observe the notes in section 6.5.3 Turning On the

Detector Gas Flow, page 99.

detector signal is interpreted as 0 at the current range in
use.

Page 100 Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detectors Operating Manual