The Airplane Factory, Inc ZU-NRC, ZU-TAE Pilot Operating Handbook

Pilot Operating Handbook

The Airplane Factory SLING

THE AIRPLANE FACTORY (Pty) Ltd.

HANGAR 8 TEDDERFIELD AIR PARK, JHB SOUTH, EIKENHOF, 1872, SOUTH AFRICA

PO BOX 308, EIKENHOF, 1872, SOUTH AFRICA

Phone: [phone]

Information: [e-mail]

The Airplane Factory, Inc

3401 Airport Drive, Torrance, CA, 90505

Phone: [phone]

[e-mail]

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision Number: 1. 3

This airplane must be operated in

compliance with information and
limitations contained herein. This
pilot operating handbook must be

available on board of the airplane at

all times.

Airplane model : Airplane Factory Sling LSA

Manufacturer : The Airplane Factory (Pty) Ltd

Airplane Serial Number : ……………………………….

Date of Construction : ………………………………..

Registration : ……………………………………….

Airworthiness Category : Light Sport Aircraft (LSA)

Issue Date of POH : 07 July 2014

PLEASE ADVISE THE AIRPLANE FACTORY ON CHANGE

OF OWNERSHIP OF THE AIRCRAFT

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | ii

NOTICE

WITH RESPECT TO ELECTRICAL WIRING, AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURED BEFORE
AUGUST 2014 MAY NOT BE FULLY COMPLIANT WITH THIS MANUAL.

THIS MANUAL IS WRITTEN FOR THE STANDARD 912 ULS POWERED SLING LSA,
AS MANUFACTURED ON PREMISES BY THE AIRPLANE FACTORY (PTY) LTD).
DIFFERENCES APPLICABLE TO THE STANDARD 912 iS POWERED SLING LSA
AIRCRAFT, AS MANUFACTURED ON PREMISES BY THE AIRPLANE FACTORY
(PTY) LTD, ARE INCLUDED IN A SUPPLEMENT IN SECTION 9 OF THIS
HANDBOOK.

AIRCRAFT WHICH DIFFER FROM THE PRODUCTION STANDARD, IN WHATEVER
WAY, ARE NOT ADDRESSED IN THIS MANUAL, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT SAID
AIRCRAFT CORRESPOND WITH THE PRODUCTION STANDARD.

NOTICE

THIS EDITION OF THIS MANUAL IS APPLICABLE TO AIRCRAFT REGISTERED IN
THE USA. DEFINITIONS ARE ACCORDINGLY CONSISTENT WITH US
REGULATIONS ONLY.

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | iii

POH Compliance Notice

ASTM Standards used for the design, construction, and continued
airworthiness:

 ASTM F2279.
 ASTM F2295.
 ASTM F2245.

Quality assurance records are stored both with the original
manufacturer in South Africa and with its US distributor at the
addresses below.

The Airplane Factory (Pty) Ltd

Hangar 8 Tedderfield Air Park, Johannesburg South, Eikenhof, 1872,
South Africa
PO Box 308, Eikenhof, 1872, South Africa
Phone: [phone]
[e-mail]

The Airplane Factory USA
3401 Airport Drive, Torrance, CA, 90505
Phone: [phone]
[e-mail]

Page | iv

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

Continued Operational Safety Monitoring

Manufacturer Responsibilities

The Airplane Factory has a procedure in place to monitor the safety of
the fleet and to alert pilots of any potential safety issues. The owner of a
Light Sport Aircraft is responsible for making sure they receive pertinent
safety information and complying with bulletins. The owner of a Light
Sport Aircraft is also responsible for alerting the manufacturer of any
potential safety of flight issues.

Report a Safety of Flight Issue

Please contact our US Distribution Center to report any maintenance,
service or safety issues.

Service/Maintenance/Safety issues: [e-mail]

or

fill out a safety/service form on our website: www.airplanefactory.com.

Sign up to receive safety notices

Method for Owner/Operator to obtain the latest Safety of Flight
Information:

Please sign up on our website for continued safety/service updates:
www.airplanefactory.com, or call 424-241-0341, and we’ll sign you up. In
addition, all updates will be posted to our website.

Page | v

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

Detailed Owner/Operator Responsibilities

 Each owner/operator of a LSA shall read and comply with the

maintenance and continued airworthiness information and instructions
provided by the manufacturer.

 Each owner/operator of a LSA shall be responsible for providing the

manufacturer with current contact information, where the
manufacturer may send the owner/operator supplemental notification
bulletins.

 The owner/operator or a LSA shall be responsible for notifying the

manufacturer of any safety of flight issue or significant service difficulty,
upon discovery.

 The owner/operator of a LSA shall be responsible for complying with all

manufacturer issued notices of corrective action and for complying with
all applicable aviation authority regulations in regard to maintaining the
airworthiness of the LSA.

 An owner of a LSA shall ensure that any needed corrective action be

completed as specified in a notice, or by the next scheduled annual
inspection.

 Should an owner/operator not comply with any mandatory service

requirements, the LSA shall be considered not in compliance with
applicable ASTM standards and may be subject to regulatory action by
the presiding aviation authority (FAA).

Page | vi

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Rev
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Affected

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Pilot Operating Handbook

RECORD OF REVISIONS

Any revisions to this Pilots Operating Handbook must be recorded in the
following table, and, where applicable, be endorsed by the responsible
airworthiness authority

Revision numbers and dates appear at the foot of each page.

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Page | xii

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. GENERAL INFORMATION .......................................................................... 1-1

2. LIMITATIONS ............................................................................................. 2-1

3. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ....................................................................... 3-1

4. NORMAL PROCEDURES ............................................................................. 4-1

5. PERFORMANCE ......................................................................................... 5-1

6. WEIGHT AND BALANCE ............................................................................. 6-1

7. SYSTEMS ................................................................................................... 7-1

8. AIRPLANE GROUND HANDLING AND SERVICING ...................................... 8-1

9. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ............................................................. 9-1

Page | xiii

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Introduction to airplane............................................................................ 1-3

1.2 Warnings, cautions and notes .................................................................. 1-4

1.3 Aircraft 3-view drawing ............................................................................ 1-5

1.4 Data for Sling LSA aircraft and systems ..................................................... 1-7

1.5 Terminology, symbols and conversion factors ........................................ 1-12

1.6 Supporting documents ........................................................................... 1-18

Page | 1-1/1-2

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

1.1 Introduction to airplane

The Airplane Factory Sling LSA is a two seat (side-by-side), single engine,
tricycle undercarriage aluminum aircraft with a conventional low wing design
and is compliant with the requirements of the FAA Light Sport Aircraft (LSA)
category according to ASTM Standards F2245, F2279 and F2295.

With only minor modifications to the aircraft and the application of a revised
Pilot’s Operating Handbook the Sling LSA may be made to comply with the
requirements of the EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency) CS-VLA
(Certification Standard Very Light Aircraft) standard, having a maximum all up
weight of 700 kg (1543.24 lb).

The Sling LSA is intended chiefly for recreational and cross-country flying. It is
not intended for aerobatic operation. It is considered to be suitable for use as
a trainer. This Pilot Operating Handbook has been prepared to provide pilots
with information for the safe and efficient operation of the Sling LSA.

Page | 1-3

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

WARNING

CAUTION

NOTE

Pilot Operating Handbook

1.2 Warnings, cautions and notes

The following definitions apply to warnings, cautions and notes in the Pilot
Operating Handbook.

Means that non-observation of the corresponding procedure leads to an
immediate or important degradation of flight safety.

Means that non-observation of the corresponding procedure leads to a
minor or possible long term degradation of flight safety.

Draws attention to any special item not directly related to safety but which
is important or unusual.

Page | 1-4

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

DIMENSIONS IN THIS DRAWING
ARE IN FEET.

Pilot Operating Handbook

1.3 Aircraft 3-view drawing

Page | 1-5

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

DIMENSIONS IN THIS DRAWING
ARE IN FEET.

Pilot Operating Handbook

Page | 1-6

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

1.4 Data for Sling LSA aircraft and systems

WING

Wing span: 9.165 m (30 ft).
Mean Aerodynamic Chord: 1.339 m (52.7 inch).
Wing surface area: 11.845 m2 (131.75 ft2).
Wing loading: 59.10 kgm
Aspect ratio: 7.04.
Taper ratio: 1.375.
Dihedral: 5o

FUSELAGE

-2

(11.7 lb /ft2).

Fuselage length: 5.77 m (19 ft).
Overall length: 6.675 m (21ft 11 inches).
Overall width: 1.15 m (45 inches).
Overall height: 2. 5m (98 inches).

EMPENNAGE
Horizontal stabilizer span: 2.825 m (9 ft 3 inch).
Horizontal stabilizer surface area: 0.96 m2 (10 ft2).
Elevator surface area: 1.02 m

2

(11 ft2).
Horizontal stabilizer angle of incidence -4o
Vertical stabilizer span: 1.47 m (16 ft).
Vertical stabilizer surface area: 0.53 m2 (6 ft2).
Rudder surface area: 0.59 m2 (6 ft2).

LANDING GEAR
Wheel track: 1.95 m (6ft 5 inches).
Wheel base: 1.41m (4ft 6 inches).
Brakes: Hydraulic.
Main gear tires: 15x6.00-6, 6-ply (2.2 bar /

30 psi) pressure).

Page | 1-7

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

Nose gear tires: 5.00-5, 6-ply (1.8 bar / 26 psi

CONTROL SURFACE TRAVEL LIMITS

Ailerons: 24o up and down (±2°).
Elevator: 30o up and 20o down (±2°).
Trim tab: 5o up and 32o down (±5°).
Rudder: 25o left and right (±2°).
Flaps: 0o to 30o down(±3°).

ENGINE

pressure).

Manufacturer: Bombardier-Rotax GmbH.
Model: 912 ULS.
Type: 4 Cylinder horizontally opposed with overall

displacement 1 352 cc, mixed cooling (water-cooled
heads and air-cooled cylinders), twin carburetors,

integrated reduction gearbox with torque damper
Maximum power: 73.5 kW (98.5hp) at 5 800 rpm (maximum 5 minutes).
69 kW (92.5hp) at 5 500 rpm (continuous).

For Sling LSA aircraft fitted with the 912 iS engine refer to the applicable
supplement at the end of this manual.

PROPELLER

Manufacturer: Warp drive.
No of blades: 3.
Diameter: 1.83 m (72 inches).
Type: Composite.

Page | 1-8

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

FUEL

Fuel grade: Minimum RON 95 / minimum AKI 91.

MOGAS: EN 228 Super, EN 228 Super plus,

ASTMD4814.
Leaded AVGAS: AVGAS 100LL (ASTM D910).
Unleaded AVGAS: UL91 (ASTM D7547).

(Refer to latest revision of engine operator /
maintenance manual and latest revision of
service instruction SI-912-016. For aircraft fitted
with the 912 iS engines refer to the applicable
supplement at the end of this manual).

Fuel tanks: Two. One fuel tank integrated within each wing

Capacity of tank: 75 liters (19.8 US gallons), 73 liters (19.3 US

Total capacity: 150 liters (39.6 US gallons).
Total usable fuel: 146 liters (38.6 US gallons).

leading edge. Each tank is equipped with finger

strainers (in pick up line) and drain fittings.

gallons useable).

Page | 1-9

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

OIL SYSTEM

Oil system type: Forced, with external oil reservoir.
Oil: Automotive grade API “SF” or “SG” type oil

preferably synthetic or semi-synthetic. When
operating on unleaded fuels or MOGAS fully
synthetic oil is recommended.

(Refer to latest revision of engine operator /

maintenance manual and latest revision of
service instruction SI-912-016. For aircraft fitted
with the 912 iS engine refer to the applicable
supplement at the end of this manual).

Capacity: 3.5 liters (3.5 quarts) (approximately).

COOLING

Cooling system: Mixed: air and liquid pressurized closed circuit

system.

Coolant: 1. Water-free propylene glycol based coolant

concentrate (this is not allowed for 912 iS
engine).

2. Ethylene glycol based coolant mixed 1:1 with
distilled water.

Note: Do not mix the above types of coolant.

Capacity: 2.5 liters (2.5 quarts pints) (approximately).

Page | 1-10

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

MAXIMUM WEIGHTS

Maximum take-off weight: 600 kg (1320 lb).
Maximum landing weight: 600 kg (1320lb).
Maximum baggage weight: 15 kg (77lbs (this is what we say) lb).
Front luggage compartment maximum 15 kg (77lb).
Rear luggage compartment maximum 15 kg (55 lb).

STANDARD WEIGHTS

Standard empty weight: 370 kg (814 lb).
Maximum useful load: 230 kg (506 lb).

SPECIFIC LOADINGS

Wing loading (MAUW): 50.65 kg.m-2 (10.0 lb.ft-2).
Power loading: 6.00 kg.hp

-1

(13.2 lb.hp-1).

Page | 1-11

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

AC

Alternating Current.

ALT

Altimeter.

API

American Petroleum Institute

ASI

Airspeed Indicator.

AVGAS

Aviation gasoline.

COM

Communication (radio).

EFIS

Electronic Flight Information System.

FAA

Federal Aviation Authority.

GLS

GPS Landing System.

GmbH

Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (company with limited liability).

GPS

Global Positioning System.

IFR

Instrument Flying Rules.

LED

Light Emitting Diode.

MOGAS

Automobile (car) gasoline.

NGL

Normal Ground Line.

NRV

Non Return Valve.

POH

Pilot Operating Handbook.

PTT

Push-To-Talk (button).

VFR

Visual Flying Rules.

VMC

Visual Meteorological Conditions.

VSI

Vertical Speed Indicator.

Pilot Operating Handbook

1.5 Terminology, symbols and conversion factors

General terminology / acronyms

Page | 1-12

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

IAS

Indicated Airspeed.

KCAS

Calibrated Airspeed, being the indicated airspeed corrected for
position and instrument error, expressed in knots.

KIAS

Indicated Airspeed, being the speed shown on the airspeed
indicator, expressed in knots.

KTAS

True Airspeed, being the airspeed, expressed in knots, relative to
undisturbed air, and which is KCAS corrected for altitude and
temperature.

TAS

True Airspeed.

VA

Maneuvering speed.

VBG

Best Glide Speed, being the speed (at MAUW) which results in the
greatest gliding distance over the ground.

VFE

Maximum Flap Extended Speed, being the highest speed
permissible with wing flaps deployed.

VH

Maximum Speed in level flight at maximum continuous power.

V

LOF

Lift-off Speed, being the speed at which the aircraft generally lifts
off from the ground during take-off.

VNE

Never Exceed Speed, being the speed that may not be exceeded at
any time.

VNO

Maximum Structural Cruising Speed, being the speed that should
not be exceeded, except in smooth air, and then only with caution.

V

REF

Indicated airspeed at 15 m (50 ft) above threshold, which is not less
than 1.3Vso.

V

ROT

Rotation Speed, being the speed at which the aircraft should be
rotated about the pitch axis during take-off (i.e. the speed at which
the nose wheel is lifted off the ground).

VS

Stall Speed, maximum weight, engine idling, flaps fully retracted.

VSO

Stall Speed in landing configuration (flaps fully extended), MAUW,
engine idling.

VX

Best Angle of Climb Speed, being the speed (at MAUW, flaps fully
retracted) which results in the greatest altitude gain over a given
horizontal distance (i.e. highest climb angle).

Pilot Operating Handbook

General airspeed terminology and symbols

Page | 1-13

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

VY

Best Rate of Climb Speed, being the speed (at MAUW, flaps fully
retracted) which results in the greatest altitude gain over a given
time period.

ISA

International Standard Atmosphere.

QNH

The local pressure setting that if set on the subscale of an altimeter
will cause the altimeter to indicate local altitude above mean sea
level.

QFE

The local airfield pressure setting that if set on the subscale of an
altimeter will cause the altimeter to indicate local height above
airfield.

CHT

Cylinder Head Temperature.

EGT

Exhaust Gas Temperature.

OHV

Overhead Valve.

RPM/
rpm

Revolutions per minute, being the number of revolutions per minute
of the engine crank.

Pilot Operating Handbook

Meteorological terminology

Engine terminology

Page | 1-14

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Crosswind
component

The velocity of the crosswind component during takeoff and
landing.

g

The acceleration / load factor.

Landing run

The distance measured during landing from actual touchdown to
the end of the landing run.

Landing
distance

The distance measured during landing from clearance of a 15 m
obstacle (in the air) to the end of the landing run.

Take-off
distance

The take-off distance measured from the actual start of the take­off run to clearance of a 15 m (50 ft) obstacle (in the air).

Take-off
run

The take-off distance measured from actual start of the take-off
run to the wheel lift off point.

Usable fuel

The fuel available for flight planning.

Pilot Operating Handbook

Airplane performance and flight planning terminology

Page | 1-15

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Arm

Is the horizontal distance from the reference datum to the center
of gravity of an item

CG

Center of Gravity, being the point at which the airplane, or
equipment, would balance if suspended. Its distance from the
reference datum is found by dividing the total moment by the
total weight of the airplane

Datum

Reference datum is an imaginary vertical plane from which all
horizontal distances are measured for balance purposes. (In the
Sling this plane runs through the center point of the flat front
face of the engine flange of the Rotax engine)

Empty
weight

Is the weight of the airplane with engine fluids and oil at
operating levels

MAC

Mean Aerodynamic Chord.

MAUW

Maximum All Up Weight

Maximum
Landing
Weight

Is the maximum weight approved for the landing touch down

Maximum
Take-off
Weight

Is the maximum weight approved for the start of the take-off run

Moment

Is the product of the weight (mass) of an item multiplied by its
arm

W

R

Weight read from scale under right main wheel during aircraft
weighing

W

L

Weight read from scale under left main wheel during aircraft
weighing

W

N

Weight read from scale under nose main wheel during aircraft
weighing

WE

Aircraft empty weight

WT

Aircraft total weight

W

MAUW

Aircraft maximum (allowed) all up weight

Pilot Operating Handbook

Weight and balance terminology and symbols

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 1-16

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

L

R

Right main wheel arm (aft of reference)

L

L

Left main wheel arm (aft of reference)

L

N

Nose wheel arm (aft of reference)

M

T

Total moment arm

Pilot Operating Handbook

Useful conversion factors

1 pound = 0.4536 kilogram
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kilopascal
1 inch = 25.4 millimeters
1 foot = 0.3048 meter
1 statute mile = 1.609 kilometers
1 nautical mile = 1.852 kilometers
1 millibar = 1 hectopascal
1 millibar = 0.1 kilopascal
1 imperial gallon = 4.546 liters
1 US gallon = 3.785 liters
1 US quart = 0.946 liter
1 cubic foot = 28.317 liters
degrees fahrenheit = [1.8 x degrees celsius] + 32
degrees celcius = (degrees fahrenheit - 32) x (5/9)

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 1-17

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

1.6 Supporting documents

The following documents are regarded as supporting documents
to this Pilot Operating Handbook:

1. For aircraft fitted with 912 ULS engines: latest revision / edition

of the Operators Manual For Rotax® Engine Type 912 Series,
Ref No.: OM-912.

2. For aircraft fitted with 912 iS engines: latest revision / edition

of the Operators Manual For Rotax® Engine Type 912 i Series,
Ref No.: OM-912 i.

3. Latest revision / edition of Rotax service instruction SI-912-016

or SI-912i-001, as applicable (to type of engine fitted).

4. MGL EFIS operator manual.

5. Operator manual for COM radio and transponder (if fitted)

equipment fitted to the aircraft.

Reference should be made to these documents for operational
guidelines and instructions. These should be incorporated into
the normal and emergency procedures for the aircraft as
applicable.

Page | 1-18

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

2. LIMITATIONS

2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 2-3

2.2 Airspeed limitations .................................................................................. 2-3

2.3 Airspeed indicator markings ..................................................................... 2-4

2.4 Stall speed adjustment for turning flight or load factor ............................ 2-5

2.5 Crosswind and wind limitation (demonstrated) ....................................... 2-6

2.6 Service ceiling ........................................................................................... 2-6

2.7 Load factors .............................................................................................. 2-6

2.8 Weights..................................................................................................... 2-6

2.9 Center of gravity range ............................................................................. 2-7

2.10 Prohibited maneuvers ............................................................................ 2-8

2.11 Flight crew ............................................................................................. 2-9

2.12 Passengers ............................................................................................. 2-9

2.13 Kinds of operation ................................................................................ 2-10

2.14 Engine limitations ................................................................................ 2-11

2.15 Other limitations .................................................................................. 2-14

2.16 Flight in rain ......................................................................................... 2-14

2.17 Limitation, warning, information and identification placards .............. 2-15

Page | 2-1/2-2

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

SPEED

KIAS

REMARKS

VNE

Never exceed
speed

135

Never exceed this speed in any
operation.

VNO

Maximum
structural
cruising speed

110

Never exceed this speed unless in
smooth air, and then only with
caution.

VA

Maneuvering
speed

91

Do not make full or abrupt control
movements above this speed as this
may cause stress in excess of limit
load factor.

VFE

Maximum flap
extended
speed

85

Never exceed this speed unless the
flaps are fully retracted.

VH

Maximum
speed in level
flight

118

The aircraft will not exceed this speed
at MAUW in level flight.

VS

Stall speed at
MAUW

45

At maximum all up weight in the most
forward CG configuration, with flaps
fully retracted, engine idling, the
aircraft will stall if flown slower than
this speed.

VS0

Stall speed
with flaps

40

With full flap, maximum all up weight,
engine idling, the aircraft will stall if
flown slower than this speed.

Pilot Operating Handbook

2.1 Introduction

This section includes operating limitations, instrument markings and basic
placards necessary for the safe operation of the Airplane Factory Sling LSA, its
engine, systems and equipment.

2.2 Airspeed limitations

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 2-3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

MARKING

KIAS

SIGNIFICANCE

White arc

40-85

Flap Operating Range (lower limit is
VS0 at maximum weight, and upper
limit is the maximum speed (Vfe)
permissible with flaps deployed)

Green arc

45-110

Normal Operating Range (lower limit
is VS at maximum weight and most
forward CG with flaps retracted and
upper limit is maximum structural
speed VNO)

Yellow arc

110-135

Maneuvers must be conducted with
caution and only in smooth air

Red line

135

Maximum speed for all operations

Pilot Operating Handbook

2.3 Airspeed indicator markings

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 2-4

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

MULTIPLICATION FACTOR

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

This graph is only valid for level (i.e.
non-descending) turning flight.

VT = V + ( V x MULTIPLICATION FACTOR )

 V is straight and level stall speed

(at load factor = 1 g).

 V

T

is stall speed in turn (non-

descending).

VST = V

√

N

 V is straight and level stall

speed (at load factor = 1 g).

 V

ST

is stall speed due to

increased load factor.

 N is (positive) load factor.

Pilot Operating Handbook

2.4 Stall speed adjustment for turning flight or load factor

Stall speeds listed in Section 2 (this section) are listed for straight and level
(non-turning) flight at load factor = 1 g and should be adjusted for turning
flight or increased load factor:

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

BANK ANGLE (DEGREES)

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 2-5

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

2.5 Crosswind and wind limitation (demonstrated)

Maximum demonstrated cross wind component
for take-off and landing 15 kts.

2.6 Service ceiling

Service ceiling 12 000 ft.

2.7 Load factors

Maximum positive limit load factor +4 g.
Maximum negative limit load factor -2 g.

Maximum positive load factor with flaps +2 g.

Maximum negative load factor with flaps -1 g.

2.8 Weights

Maximum take-off weight 600 kg (1320 lb).
Maximum landing weight 600 kg (1320 lb).

Maximum total baggage weight 15 kg (77 lb).
Front luggage compartment maximum 15 kg (77lb).
Rear luggage compartment maximum 15 kg (55lb).

Page | 2-6

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

WARNING

It is the pilot’s responsibility to ensure that the

airplane is properly loaded. Refer to section 6

for information on weight and balance

Pilot Operating Handbook

2.9 Center of gravity range

Datum Center of front face of engine propeller

flange (without propeller extension).
Reference (longitudinal leveling) Upper surface of canopy sliders on
cockpit side skins, with canopy open.
Reference (transverse leveling) Upper surface of center spar cap under

pilot and passenger seats.
Forward limit 1.635 m / 5.364 ft (20% MAC) aft of

datum.

Rear limit 1.772 m / 5.814 ft (30.3% MAC) aft of

datum.

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 2-7

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

WARNING

Aerobatics and intentional spins are

prohibited

WARNING

Limit load factor would be exceeded by

moving flight controls abruptly to their limits

at a speed above VA (91 KIAS – maneuvering

speed)

Pilot Operating Handbook

2.10 Prohibited maneuvers

The Sling is approved for normal maneuvers including the following:

 Steep turns not exceeding 60° bank.
 Lazy eights.
 Chandelles.
 Stalls (not including whip stalls).

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 2-8

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

2.11 Flight crew

Minimum crew for flight is one pilot seated on the left side.

2.12 Passengers

Only one passenger is allowed on board the aircraft (in addition to the pilot).

Page | 2-9

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

NOTE

Additional equipment may be required to fulfill

national or specific requirements and may be fitted.

WARNING

Notwithstanding that installed equipment may include GPS and

other advanced flight and navigational aids, such equipment

may not be used as the sole information source for purposes of

navigation or flight, save where specifically permitted by law.

The airplane instrumentation is not certified and applicable

regulations should be complied with at all times.

Pilot Operating Handbook

2.13 Kinds of operation

The Sling LSA, in standard configuration, is approved only for day VFR operation
with visual contact with terrain. When equipped for night flight, the Sling LSA
may be operated in night VFR conditions.

Minimum equipment required is as follows-

 Altimeter.
 Airspeed indicator.
 Compass.
 Fuel level indicators.
 Oil pressure indicator.
 Oil temperature indicator.
 Cylinder head temperature indicator.
 Outside air temperature indicator.
 Tachometer.
 Chronometer.
 First aid kit (compliant with national legislation).
 Fire extinguisher.

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 2-10

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

ENGINE START AND OPERATION TEMPERATURE LIMITS (912 ULS)

Maximum

50 °C ( 122 °F) (ambient temperature)

Minimum

-25 °C ( -13 °F) (oil temperature)

ENGINE LOAD FACTOR (ACCELERATION) LIMITS

Maximum

5 seconds at maximum -0.5 g.

Pilot Operating Handbook

2.14 Engine limitations

Instruments reflecting engine parameters should in each case be marked / set
to reflect the minimum and maximum figures.

For airplanes with the Rotax 912iS engine installed, refer to the supplement at
the end of this manual.

Always refer to latest edition / revision of the engine Operators Manual for
latest information regarding operating limitations.

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 2-11

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

ENGINE OPERATING AND SPEEDS LIMITS (912 ULS)

Engine Model:

ROTAX 912 ULS

Engine Manufacturer:

Bombardier-Rotax GMBH

Power

Maximum

take-off

73.5 kW (98.6 hp) at 5800 rpm, max. 5 min.

Maximum

continuous

69 kW (92.5 hp)at 5500 rpm

RPM

Maximum take-

off

5800 rpm, maximum 5 minutes

Maximum

continuous

5500 rpm
Idle

1 600 rpm (minimum)

Cylinder head

temperature

Minimum

N/A

Maximum

135 °C (275 °F)

Normal

75 to 110 °C (167 to 230 °F)

Oil

temperature

Minimum

50 °C (122 °F)

Maximum

130 °C (266 °F)

Normal

90 to 110 °C (194 to 230 °F)

EGT

Maximum

880 °C (1616 °F)

Coolant

temperature

Maximum

120 °C (248 °F)

Oil pressure

Minimum

0.8 bar (12 psi) – below 3500 rpm

Maximum

7 bar (102 psi) – permissible for short period during cold

engine start

Normal

2 to 5 bar (29 to 73 psi) – above 3500 rpm

Pilot Operating Handbook

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 2-12

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Fuel pressure

Minimum

0.15 bar (2.2 psi)

WARNING

Exceeding maximum

allowed fuel pressure will

override the float valves of

the carburetors and lead to

engine failure.

Maximum

0.4 bar (5.8 psi)

0.5 bar (7.26 psi) (fuel

pump S/N 11.0036

onwards)

Pilot Operating Handbook

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 2-13

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

WARNING

IFR flights and intentional flights under icing

conditions are prohibited!

Pilot Operating Handbook

2.15 Other limitations

 No smoking is allowed on board of the airplane.
 VFR flights only are permitted.

2.16 Flight in rain

When flying in the rain no additional steps are required. Airplane qualities
and performance are not substantially changed. However, VMC should be
maintained.

Page | 2-14

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

PASSENGER WARNING

THIS AIRCRAFT WAS MANUFACTURED IN ACCORDANCE

WITH LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS

AND DOES NOT CONFORM TO STANDARD CATEGORY

AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS

Pilot Operating Handbook

2.17 Limitation, warning, information and identification placards

The following limitation warning placards must be placed in or on the
aircraft and positioned in plain view of the pilot, passenger or third person,
as the case may be.

In a place visible to pilot and passenger:

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 2-15

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

FASTEN SEATBELTS

NO INTENTIONAL SPINS

EMERGENCY

BALLISTIC CHUTE

REMOVE LOCKING PIN BEFORE FLIGHT

PULL HANDLE TO FIRE

Pilot Operating Handbook

 If a ballistic rescue parachute is fitted, adjacent to the ballistic

parachute activation lever:

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 2-16

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

19.8 U.S. GALS.

91 OCT. MOGAS

100LL AVGAS

MAX TOTAL BAGGAGE WEIGHT – 35 KG / 77 LB

MAX FRONT SECTION 35 KG / 77LB

MAX REAR SECTION 25 KG / 55 LB

Pilot Operating Handbook

On the baggage space separator channel:

Adjacent to the fuel filler caps:

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 2-17

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

TIRE PRESSURE

32 P.S.I

TIRE PRESSURE

26 P.S.I

Pilot Operating Handbook

Adjacent to the filler hole in the main gear wheel pants (on each wheel):

Adjacent to the filler hole in the nose gear wheel pants:

Page | 2-18

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

NO STEP

Pilot Operating Handbook

On the inboard upper wing flap surface:

Page | 2-19

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

LIGHT-SPORT

WARNING

This aircraft is equipped with a ballistically-

deployed emergency parachute system

Pilot Operating Handbook

On the exterior of the fuselage adjacent to the entrance to the cockpit:

 On both pilot and passenger sides:

 If a ballistic rescue parachute is installed:

Page | 2-20

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

DANGER EXPLOSIVE EGRESS

Rocket Deployed Parachute Egress Area

STAY CLEAR

DANGER EXPLOSIVE ROCKET

Pilot Operating Handbook

If a ballistic rescue parachute is installed:

 On the exterior of the fuselage, adjacent to the egress point of the

rescue parachute system:

 On the parachute rocket body, inside the rocket housing:

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 2-21

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION

BUILDER: THE AIRPLANE FACTORY (Pty) Ltd

MODEL: SLING

SERIAL NO: ###

MADE IN SOUTH AFRICA

Pilot Operating Handbook

On a fireproof metal plate attached to the exterior of the aircraft, aft of
the cabin:

Note: ### represents the information applicable to the specific aircraft.

The airplane must be placarded to show the identity of:

 All fuses/circuit breakers.
 Magneto / ignition switches.
 All other switches.
 Choke (if fitted).
 Starter.
 Trim : Nose up and down.
 Flaps : Up and Down.

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 2-22

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

3. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 3-3

3.2 Speeds for emergency operations ............................................................ 3-3

3.3 Engine related emergencies ..................................................................... 3-4

3.4 Smoke and fire .......................................................................................... 3-8

3.5 Emergency landings ................................................................................ 3-12

3.6 Recovery from unintentional spin .......................................................... 3-15

3.7 Other emergencies ................................................................................. 3-16

Page | 3-1/3-2

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

SPEED

KIAS

REMARKS

VBG

Best Glide
Speed

72

The speed (at MAUW, flaps fully retracted)
which results in the greatest gliding
(horizontal) distance.

Speed for in­flight engine
start

> 72

Recommended speed.

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.1 Introduction

This section provides checklists and amplified procedures for coping with
various emergencies that may arise.

Emergencies caused by aircraft or engine malfunction are extremely rare if
proper pre-flight inspections and maintenance are practiced. However,
should an emergency arise, the basic guidelines described in this section
should be considered and applied as necessary to manage the problem.

In case of emergency the pilot should remember the following priorities –

1 Keep control of and continue flying the aircraft.
2 Analyze the situation.
3 Apply applicable procedures.
4 Inform air traffic control of the situation if time and conditions

permit it.

3.2 Speeds for emergency operations

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 3-3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.3 Engine related emergencies

3.3.1 Engine failure during take-off run

1. Throttle - idle.

2. Magnetos / ignition - off.

3. Brakes - apply as needed.

4. Master switch - off.

With airplane under control –

5. Fuel selector valve - off.

6. Auxiliary (electric) fuel pump - off (912 ULS).
Electric fuel pumps (both) - off (912 iS).

3.3.2 Engine failure immediately after take-off

1. Speed - check.

2. Find a suitable place on the ground to land safely. The landing
should be planned straight ahead with only small changes in direction
not exceeding 45 degrees to either side.

3. Flaps - as needed (plan to land as slowly

as possible).

Before touch down

4. Magnetos / ignition - off.

5. Master - off.

6. Fuel selector valve - off.

7. Electric fuel pump - off (912 ULS).

Electric fuel pumps (both) - off (912 iS).

Page | 3-4

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.3.3 Engine irregularities in flight

3.3.3.1 Irregular engine rpm

1. Verify magneto switches - both on.
2 Verify throttle position.

3. Verify engine and fuel quantity indicators.

4. Electric fuel pump on (912 ULS).
Auxiliary electric fuel pump on (912 iS).

If engine continues to run irregularly

5. Land as soon as possible.

3.3.3.2 Low fuel pressure (refer to engine limitations, Section 2 (912 ULS)

or 912 iS engine supplement at end of manual)

1. Check fuel quantity indicator.

2. Switch electric fuel pump on (912 ULS).
Switch auxiliary electric fuel pump on (912 iS).

If fuel pressure remains low

3. Decrease throttle setting if viable to do so.

If fuel pressure remains low

4. Land as soon as possible.

Page | 3-5

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.3.3.3 Low oil pressure (refer to engine limitations, Section 2 (912 ULS) or

912 iS engine supplement at end of manual)

1. Check oil temperature.

If oil temperature is high or increasing

2. Set throttle to a setting which gives an aircraft speed of 72 KIAS
(most efficient speed).

If oil pressure remains low or temperature remains high or increasing

3. Land as soon as possible and remain vigilant for impending engine
failure.

Page | 3-6

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

NOTE

It is possible that the propeller may continue to rotate if the

airspeed remains above approximately 72 KIAS. In such

circumstances no application of the starter switch may be

required. If the propeller stops rotating increasing airspeed

may result in it again starting to do so.

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.3.4 In-flight engine restart

1. Electric fuel pump - on (912 ULS).
Electric fuel pumps (both) - on (912 iS).

2. Fuel selector - open (RIGHT).

3. Throttle - set to middle position.

4. Master switch - check on.

5. Magnetos / ignition - check both on.

6. Starter - engage.

7. Electric fuel pump - off (912 ULS) (after positive start).

Auxiliary fuel pump - off (912 iS) (after positive start).

If engine should fail to restart

8. Apply forced landing without engine power procedure, according
to 3.5.1.

Page | 3-7

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.4 Smoke and fire

3.4.1 Engine fire on ground during engine start

1. Starter - release.

2. Fuel selector - close.

3. Electric fuel pumps (both) - off (912 iS).

4. Throttle - idle.

5. Magnetos / ignition - off.

6. Master switch - off.

7. Retrieve fire extinguisher if possible.

8. Exit the airplane.

9. Extinguish fire by fire extinguisher or call for a fire-brigade if you

cannot do it.

3.4.2 Engine fire on ground with engine running

1. Cabin heat - close.

2. Fuel selector - close.

3. Electric fuel pumps (both) - off (912 iS).

4. Throttle - idle.

5. Magnetos / ignition - off.

6. Master switch - off.

7. Retrieve fire extinguisher if possible.

8. Leave the airplane.

9. Extinguish fire by fire extinguisher or call for a fire-brigade if you

cannot do it.

Page | 3-8

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

NOTE

Estimated time to empty carburetors

after fuel selector valve is closed is

30 seconds

WARNING

Do not attempt to re-start

the engine!

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.4.3 Engine fire during take-off run

1. Throttle - idle.

2. Brakes - stop the aircraft.

3. Cabin heat - close.

4. Fuel selector - close.

5. Electric fuel pump(s) - off.

6. Magnetos / ignition - off.

8. Master switch - off.

9. Retrieve fire extinguisher if possible.

10. Exit the aircraft.

11. Extinguish the fire by fire extinguisher or call for fire services if

unable to do so.

3.4.4 Engine fire in flight

1. Heating - close.

2. Fuel selector - close.

3. Throttle - full power.

4. Magnetos / ignition - switch off after the fuel in carburetors

5. Electric fuel pumps (both) - off (912 iS).

6. Choose landing area - choose emergency landing area.

7. Emergency landing - perform according to 3.5.1.

8. Retrieve fire extinguisher if possible.

9. Exit the airplane.

10. Extinguish fire by fire extinguisher / call for fire-brigade if you
cannot do it.

is consumed and engine has shut down.

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 3-9

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.4.5 Electrical fire in flight

An electrical fire is often characterized by white smoke and an acrid
smell.

1. Master switch - off (see NOTE below).

2. Cabin heat - close.

3. Use the fire extinguisher (if possible).

4. Ventilate cabin if required / applicable (open air vents on instrument

panel).

5. If fire is extinguished consider executing a precautionary landing /

land as soon as practical.

6. If fire does not extinguish land immediately.

NOTE:

 If the location / source of the electrical fire can be determined

and electrical power can be removed from that system / location
by isolating / switching the system off, do so. This may alleviate
the need to switch off the master switch.

 For aircraft equipped with a 912 iS engine, refer to the applicable

supplement at the end of this manual, with regard to the Master
switch.

The EFIS and associated equipment (iBox, RDAC etc.) can still be
powered (to provide engine monitoring) from the EFIS back-up battery
circuit when the master switch is off, provided that the EFIS system is
not the location / source of the electrical fire.

Page | 3-10

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.4.6 Cabin fire

If the fire is electrical in nature follow the procedure for electrical fires

in flight (3.4.5).

Alternatively:

1. Cabin heat - close.

2. Use the fire extinguisher (if possible).

3. Ventilate cabin if required / applicable (open air vents on instrument

panel).

4. If fire is extinguished consider executing a precautionary landing /

land as soon as practical.

5. If fire does not extinguish land immediately.

Page | 3-11

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

WARNING

Flaps and elevator trim cannot operate without power on the main bus.
Make final flap selection before turning master switch off.

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.5 Emergency landings

Emergency landings are generally carried out in the case of engine failure
during which the engine cannot be re-started. Other reasons for an
emergency landing may, however, arise.

3.5.1 Engine-off emergency landing

1. Speed - best glide speed of 72 KIAS.

2. Trim - trim for best glide speed.

3. Landing location - locate most suitable landing location,

free of obstacles and preferably into
wind.

4. Safety harness - tighten.

5. Engine restart - if time permits and if appropriate

attempt to identify reason for engine
failure and attempt restart.

6. Flaps - extend as needed.

7. Communications - report your location to third parties if

possible.

8. Passenger - brief.

Immediately before touchdown-

9. Fuel selector - shut off.

10. Electric fuel pump - off (912 ULS).

Electric fuel pumps (both) - off (912 iS).

11. Magnetos / ignition - off.

12. Master switch - off.

Page | 3-12

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

NOTE

Keep the chosen area in sight during

precautionary landing.

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.5.2 Precautionary landing

A precautionary landing is generally carried out in cases where the pilot
may be disorientated, the aircraft has no fuel reserve or possibly in bad
weather conditions.

1. Choose landing area, determine wind direction.

2. Report your intention to land and the landing location via radio.

3. Perform a low altitude pass into wind, over the right-hand side of
the selected area, with flaps extended as required and thoroughly
inspect the landing area.

4. Perform a circuit pattern.

5. Perform approach at increased idle with flaps fully extended.

6. Reduce power to idle when flying over the runway threshold and
touch-down at the very beginning of the selected area.

7. After stopping the aircraft switch off all switches, shut off the fuel
selector, lock the aircraft and seek assistance.

Page | 3-13

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.5.3 Landing with a flat tire / damaged wheel

1. If a main landing gear tire is flat or a wheel is damaged, perform
touch-down at the lowest practical speed with the aircraft slightly
banked towards the serviceable tire / wheel. Maintain directional
control during the landing run and keep the flat tire / damaged
wheel off the ground, just above or very lightly on the ground, until
the lowest speed possible.

2. If the nose wheel is damaged / flat perform touch-down at the
lowest practical speed and hold the nose wheel off the ground as
long as possible, via elevator control.

Page | 3-14

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

WARNING

Intentional spins are prohibited!

NOTE

Notwithstanding that installed equipment may

include GPS navigational aids, such equipment may

not be used as the sole information source for

purposes of navigation unless permitted by law.

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.6 Recovery from unintentional spin

The aircraft is unlikely to enter an unintentional spin unless extreme
control are applied.

Unintentional spin recovery technique:

1. Throttle - idle.

2. Lateral control - ailerons neutral.

3. Rudder pedals - full rudder in direction opposite to spin

4. Rudder pedals - neutralize rudder immediately when
rotation stops.

5. Longitudinal control - neutralize control column or push
forward if necessary to lower nose, then
recover from dive ensuring VNE and load
factor limitations are not exceeded.

In the unlikely event that applied control inputs result in the aircraft
entering a flat spin and the steps listed above do not result in recovery
(following their application for a sustained period), the following
technique may be implemented:

1. Throttle - set to full power.

2. Lateral control - ailerons neutral.

3. Rudder pedals - full rudder in direction opposite to spin.

4. Rudder pedals - neutralize rudder immediately when
rotation stops.

5. Throttle - reduce to idle.

6. Longitudinal control - as per step 5 (longitudinal control) above.

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 3-15

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.7 Other emergencies

3.7.1 Vibration

If any abnormal aircraft vibration occurs:

1. Set engine speed to a setting where the vibration is least, if viable.

2. Land on the nearest airfield or perform a precautionary landing
according to 3.5.2.

3.7.2 EFIS System Failure

If the EFIS system freezes, otherwise fails or reacts incorrectly in flight:

1. Maintain straight and level flight utilizing other instruments and

ground references.

2. Switch the EFIS back-up battery and the EFIS main switch off (i.e.

remove power from the EFIS).

3. Following a 3 second delay, apply power to the EFIS, maintaining

straight and level flight at all times.

4. Maintain straight and level for at least another 15 seconds while the

system boots up (when the system reboots, the navigation system(s)
should remain active and any active routes (preceding the failure)
should continue to be shown).

In case the system fails to re-boot properly:

5. Execute a precautionary landing at the first safe opportunity and

have the instrument repaired.

Page | 3-16

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.7.3 Carburetor icing

Carburetor icing is evidenced through a decrease in engine power and
an increase of engine temperatures.

To recover the engine power, the following procedure is
recommended:

1. Speed - 75 KIAS

2. Throttle - 1/3 power.

3. If possible leave the (icing) area.

4. Increase the engine power gradually up to cruise conditions after
1 to 2 minutes.

If you fail to recover engine power, land on the nearest airfield (if
possible) or, depending on the circumstances, perform a precautionary
landing according to 3.5.2.

Page | 3-17

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

NOTE

The 912 ULS engine operation is independent from the aircraft
main battery (except for start motor operation) / alternator. The
engine will continue running after an alternator / charge system
failure and / or with a depleted battery.

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.7.4 Alternator / charge system failure

For aircraft fitted with the 912 iS engine please refer to the supplement
at the end of this manual.

Alternator failure (912 ULS) is evidenced by the illumination of the (red)
alternator / charge warning light.

1. EFIS switch - off.

2. All non-critical electrical equipment - off.

(navigation, strobe, taxi, landing lights etc.).

3. Auxiliary fuel pump - off.

4. Autopilot - off.

5. Set EFIS brightness to minimum.

6. Restrict / avoid the use of the elevator trim control. Restrict radio

transmission to minimum / only that which is absolutely necessary.

7. Land as soon as possible.

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Page | 3-18

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

3.7.5 Main bus power failure

Refer to paragraph 7.17, under Main bus, for a list of equipment
affected by a loss of power to the main bus.

1. The EFIS should automatically switch over to the EFIS back-up battery

supply , provided that the EFIS battery back-up switch is on (if not,
switch on the EFIS battery back-up switch) and the back-up battery
contains adequate charge.

2. Land as soon as possible.

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

4. NORMAL PROCEDURES

4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 4-3

4.2 Speeds for normal operation .................................................................... 4-3

4.3 Use of taxi, landing, strobe and navigation lights ..................................... 4-4

4.4 Pre-flight check ......................................................................................... 4-5

4.5 Engine start ............................................................................................. 4-10

4.6 Taxi ......................................................................................................... 4-11

4.7 Normal take-off ...................................................................................... 4-12

4.8 Climb....................................................................................................... 4-14

4.9 Cruise ...................................................................................................... 4-15

4.10 Descend ............................................................................................... 4-15

4.11 Approach ............................................................................................. 4-16

4.12 Normal landing .................................................................................... 4-17

4.13 Baulked landing procedures ................................................................. 4-18

4.14 Short field take-off and landing procedures ........................................ 4-18

4.15 Engine shutdown ................................................................................. 4-19

4.16 Aircraft parking and tie-down .............................................................. 4-20

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

SPEED

KIAS

REMARKS

Vx

Best Angle of
Climb Speed

65

The speed (at MAUW, flaps fully retracted)
which results in the greatest altitude gain
over a given horizontal distance (i.e.
largest climb angle).

VY

Best Rate of
Climb Speed

72

The speed (at MAUW, flaps fully retracted)
which results in the greatest altitude gain
over a given time period.

V

ROT

Rotation
Speed

40

The speed at which the aircraft should be
rotated about the pitch axis during take­off (i.e. the speed at which the nose wheel
is lifted off the ground).

V

LOF

Lift-off
Speed

48

The speed at which the aircraft generally
lifts off from the ground during take-off.

Cruise Climb

75 to 90

Approach
speed - long
finals

65 to 75

V

REF

Threshold
crossing
speed

≥ 52

Indicated airspeed at 15 m (50 ft) above
threshold, which is not less than 1.3VSO.

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.1 Introduction

This section provides checklists and recommended procedures for normal
operation of the airplane.

4.2 Speeds for normal operation

Unless otherwise noted, the following speeds are based on a maximum
weight of 600 kg (1320 lb).

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 4-3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.3 Use of taxi, landing, strobe and navigation lights

Taxi lights should be used as appropriate and their use should be
incorporated in the applicable (taxi and before take-off) procedures as
required. Give consideration to taxi lights as an aid to enhancing the
aircraft’s visibility to other traffic / pedestrians / wildlife.

Landing lights should be used as appropriate and their use should be
incorporated in the applicable (before take-off, take-off, climb, approach
and landing) procedures as required. Give consideration to landing lights
as an aid to enhancing the aircraft’s visibility to other traffic / pedestrians /
wildlife.

Strobe and navigation lights should be used as appropriate and their use
should be incorporated in the following (normal) procedures as required.
Give consideration to using the strobe light as an indicator / warning of
imminent engine start (i.e. switch on the strobe before starting the
engine).

Page | 4-4

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

NOTE

The word “condition” in the instructions means a visual

inspection of surface for damage deformations,

scratching, chafing, corrosion or other damages, which

may lead to flight safety degradation.

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.4 Pre-flight check

Carry out the pre-flight inspection every day prior to the first fight. Pre­flight inspections must also be performed after any accident, incident,
maintenance activity, assembly of any aircraft component or suchlike.
Incomplete or careless inspection can result in an accident. Carry out the
inspection following the instructions in the Inspection Check List.

Inspection check List

1. Cabin

- Magnetos / ignition - off.

- Master switch - on

- Fuel level indicator - verify fuel quantity.

- Flaps - move to full down position.

- Master switch - off.

- Avionics - verify condition.

- Control System - visual inspection, free movement up to
stops, verify function.

- Canopy - attachment condition, clean.

- Cockpit - check for loose objects.

- Fire extinguisher - verify present and valid.

- Documentation - verify present and valid.

Page | 4-5

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

CAUTION

In case of long-term parking it is recommended to turn the engine
over several times (Ignition OFF!) by turning the propeller in order

to prime the lubrication system. Always handle the propeller blade

area with the palm of your hand i.e. do not grasp only the blade

edge with your fingers.

Pilot Operating Handbook

2. Nose Section and Nose Gear

- Engine cowling condition - check.

- Propeller and spinner condition - check.

- Air intakes - check.

- Radiators - check.

- Engine mount and exhaust manifold condition- check.

- Oil and coolant quantity check - check.

- Visual inspection of fuel and electrical system- check.

- Engine checks as per Rotax manual - complete.

- Other actions according to the engine manual

- Parachute cover - if fitted check sealed

- Tire - condition, inflation,

- Wheels - security, general

- Chocks and tie-down ropes - remove.

- Suspension and undercarriage - check and test.

and secure.

wear.

condition.

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 4-6

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

WARNING

Physically verify the fuel level before each take-off

to make sure you have sufficient fuel for the

planned flight.

Pilot Operating Handbook

3. Right Fuselage

- Surface condition - check.

- Cowling attachment - check.

- Wing/fuselage fairings - check.

- Empennage fairings - check.

- Antenna/e - check condition and security.

4. Right Wing and Main Gear

- Wheel fairing - security, cracks.

- Wheel and brakes - fluid leaks, security, general
condition, tire condition, inflation
and wear.

- Wheel strut - condition, cracks.

- Leading edge condition - check.

- Taxi / landing lights and lens - check for cracks and condition.

- Fuel vent (underside of wing) - unobstructed.

- Wing trailing edge - check condition.

- Aileron - freedom of movement,

attachment, surface condition.

- Aileron hinges, control horn, bolts, pushrod - secure, condition.

- Flap hinges, control horn, bolts, pushrod - secure, condition.

- Wing tip - check condition.

- Strobe/Nav light and lens - check for cracks and condition.

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Page | 4-7

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

5. Empennage

- Tie-down rope - removed.

- Horizontal and vertical stabilizers - check condition.

- Elevator and tab - condition and movement.

- Rudder - condition and movement.

- Hinges, control horns, bolts, pushrod - condition and secure.

6. Left Fuselage

- Surface condition - check.

- Cowling attachment - check.

- Wing/fuselage fairings - check.

- Empennage fairings - check.

- Antenna/e - check condition and security.

Page | 4-8

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

7. Left Wing

- Wheel fairing - security, cracks.

- Wheel and brakes - fluid leaks, security, general

condition, tire condition, inflation
and wear.

- Wheel strut - condition, cracks.

- Leading edge condition - check.

- Taxi / landing lights and lens - check for cracks and condition.

- Fuel vent (underside of wing) - unobstructed

- Wing trailing edge - check condition.

- Aileron - freedom of movement,

attachment, surface condition.

- Aileron hinges, control horn, bolts, pushrod - secure, condition.

- Flap hinges, control horn, bolts, pushrod - secure, condition.

- Wing tip - check condition.

- Strobe/Nav light and lens - check for cracks and condition.

- Pitot tube - security, unobstructed, remove
cover.

Page | 4-9

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

CAUTION

In case of long-term parking it is recommended to turn the engine

over several times (Ignition / magnetos OFF!) by turning the

propeller in order to prime the lubrication system. Always handle

the propeller blade area with the palm of your hand i.e. do not

grasp only the blade edge with your fingers.

CAUTION

Observe the temperature limits for engine start as specified in

paragraph 2.14.

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.5 Engine start

Reference should be made to the operator’s manual for the Rotax
912 iS or 912 ULS engine, as the case may be, for operational guidelines
and instructions. These should be incorporated into the normal or
emergency procedures as applicable.

4.5.1 Before starting engine

1. Pre-flight inspection - completed.

2. Emergency equipment - on board.

3. Passenger - briefed.

4. Seats, seatbelt and harnesses - adjust and secure.

5. Brakes - on.

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 4-10

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.5.2 Engine start

If a Rotax 912 iS engine is installed rather than a Rotax 912 ULS engine,
please refer to the supplement at the end of this manual.

1. Master switch - on.

2. EFIS back-up battery - on, verify EFIS on and back-up
battery voltage.

3. Magneto / ignition switches - on.

4. Fuel selector - open (RIGHT).

5. Electric fuel pumps (both) -on (912 iS).

6. Choke (cold engine) - pull to open and gradually release

7. Throttle - closed if choke used, cracked just

8. Propeller area - clear of people and obstructions.

9. Starter - engage (maximum 10 seconds).

Immediately after start-up:

10. Throttle - adjust for smooth running

11. Oil pressure - increase within 10 seconds.

12. EFIS switch - on and verify battery charging.

after engine start (912 ULS).

open if not.

(approximately 2000 rpm).

Page | 4-8

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

CAUTION

The starter should be activated for a maximum of 10 seconds, followed by 2 minute pause
to allow the starter to cool.

Verify the oil pressure, which should increase within 10 seconds. Increase the engine
speed only if oil pressure is steady above 2 bar (29 psi).

At an engine start with low oil temperature continue to watch the oil pressure as it could
drop again due to the increased resistance in the suction line. Increase engine rpm only as
required to keep oil pressure steady.

To avoid shock loading, start the engine with the throttle lever set to idle or 10% open at
maximum, then wait 3 seconds for engine to reach constant speed before accelerating
engine rpm.

Pilot Operating Handbook

13. Avionics master switch - on.

14. Warm engine - 2 000 rpm for 2 minutes, then

2 500 rpm until oil temp is 50 °C
(122 °F).

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 4-9

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

NOTE

Only one ignition circuit (at a time) should be switched on/off

during ignition/magneto check.

CAUTION

The engine check should be performed with the aircraft heading

upwind and not on loose terrain (the propeller may suck grit

which can damage the leading edges of blades).

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.5.3 Engine warm up, engine check

Prior to an engine check, block the main wheels with wheel chocks or
ensure that the park brake is on.

Initially warm up the engine at 2 000 rpm for approximately 2 minutes,
then continue at 2 500 rpm until oil temperature reaches 50°C (122°F).
The warm up period depends on ambient air temperature.

Verify both ignition circuits at 4 000 rpm (912 ULS). The engine speed
(rpm) drop when either magneto is switched off should not exceed 300
rpm (912 ULS). The maximum difference (in rpm drop) between
magnetos / ignition circuits should not exceed 115 rpm (912 ULS).

For verification of ignition circuits on an aircraft fitted with a 912 iS
engine, refer to the applicable supplement at the end of this manual.

Set maximum power for verification of maximum engine speed (rpm)
with given propeller and engine parameters (temperatures and
pressures).

Check acceleration from idle to maximum power.

If necessary, cool the engine at 3 000 rpm (approximately 2 minutes)
before shutdown.

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 4-10

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.6 Taxi

1. Flaps - up.

2. Brakes - off (carefully verify that the stop brake
valve (park brake) is off).

3. Controls - neutral position, or as required for wind.

4. Power and brakes - as required.

5. Brakes -verify.

6. Instruments -verify.

Apply power and brakes as needed. Apply brakes to control movement on
ground. Taxi carefully when wind velocity exceeds 15 knots. Hold the
control stick in neutral position or as required, using conventional
techniques.

Page | 4-11

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.7 Normal take-off

4.7.1 Before take-off

1. Controls - verify full and free movement,
directions.

2. Trim - neutral.

3. Choke - off (912 ULS).

4. Flaps - as required (typically 1 notch).

5. Fuel quantity - confirm.

6. Fuel selector - open (RIGHT).

7. Electric fuel pump - on (912 ULS).

Auxiliary electric fuel pump - on (912 iS).

8. Circuit breakers - all in.

9. Instruments - verify all.

10 Altimeter - set QNH / QFE.

11. Switches -verify, as required.

12. Power and ignition - verify magnetos at 4 000rpm, max
diff 115 rpm, max drop 300 rpm
(912 ULS).

13. Engine parameters - verify temperatures, pressures,
current/voltage.

14. Canopy - closed and latched.

15. Safety harnesses - on and tight.

16.Ballistic parachute (if fitted) - remove.

handle lock pin.

Page | 4-12

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Airplane Factory SLING LSA

CAUTION

Ensure that engine oil temperature is above 50 °C prior to
take off.

Climbing with engine at 5 800 rpm is permissible for
5 minutes. Thereafter a maximum continuous engine rpm
of 5 500 applies.

WARNING

Take-off is prohibited if:

 The engine is running unsteadily or intermittently.
 The engine parameters (instrument indications) are

outside operational limits.

 The crosswind velocity exceeds permitted limits (see 2.5).

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.7.2 Take-off

1. Take-off power - throttle fully forward (max. 5 800
rpm for 5 minutes).

2. Engine speed - verify rpm (5 500 to 5 800 rpm).

3. Instruments within limits - verify.

4. Rotate - 40 KIAS.

5. Airplane lift-off - 48 KIAS.

6. Wing flaps - retract when speed of 65 KIAS is
reached, at minimum height of
300 ft.

7. Electric fuel pump - off (912 ULS)(minimum 300 ft)

Auxiliary electric fuel pump - off (912 iS)(300 ft minimum)

8. Brakes - apply briefly to stop wheel

rotation.

9. Transition to climb.

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 4-13

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

CAUTION

If the cylinder head temperature or oil temperature approach

their limits, reduce the climb angle to increase airspeed and

thus fulfill the limits.

CAUTION

Climbing with engine at 5 800 rpm is permissible for
5 minutes. Thereafter a maximum continuous engine rpm
of 5 500 applies.

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.8 Climb

1. Throttle - Maximum take-off power, 5 800 rpm (for
maximum 5 minutes).

- Maximum continuous power, 5 500 rpm.

2. Airspeed - VX = 65 KIAS.

- VY = 72 KIAS.

- cruise climb = 75 to 90 KIAS.

3. Trim - as required.

4. Instruments -verify:

- oil temperature and pressure.

- cylinder temperature within limits.

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 4-14

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

WARNING

The fuel lift pipe in each fuel tank is situated adjacent to the lower inside

wall of the tank. The aircraft should at no time be subjected to a

sustained side slip towards a near empty fuel tank (i.e. - wing with near

empty tank down) as, despite the baffling, this may have the

consequence that the fuel runs towards the outer edge of the tank

exposing the fuel lift pipe (to suck air), thereby starving the engine of fuel

leading to engine stoppage. This poses a particular threat when at low

altitude, typically prior to landing.

WARNING

If a fuel lift pipe is exposed to air, the pump will suck air into the engine
(from the empty tank) and engine failure will result. When one tank is
empty, or close to empty, the fuel selector valve should be switched to the
fullest tank.

Avoid operation below the normal operational oil temperature (90 to
110 °C / 194 to 230 °F).

CAUTION

It is not advisable to reduce the engine throttle control lever to minimum
on final approach or when descending from very high altitude. In such
cases the engine can become over-cooled, although unlikely, and a loss
of power may occur. Descent at increased idle (approximately 3000 rpm),
speed between 65 to 85 KIAS and verify that the engine instruments
indicate values within permitted limits.

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.9 Cruise

Refer to section 5 for recommended cruising figures.

4.10 Descend

Optimum glide speed - 72 KIAS.

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 4-15

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

CAUTION

It is not advisable to reduce the engine throttle control lever to

minimum on final approach and when descending from very high

altitude. In such cases the engine can become over-cooled, although

unlikely, and a loss of power may occur. Descent at increased idle

(approximately 3000 rpm), speed between 65 to 85 KIAS and verify that

the engine instruments indicate values within permitted limits.

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.11 Approach

1. Approach speed

Long finals - 65 to 75 KIAS.
Short finals - ≥ 52 KIAS.

2. Electric fuel pump - on (912 ULS).

Auxiliary electric fuel pump - on (912 iS).

3. Fuel selector - open (RIGHT).

4. Throttle - as required.

5. Wing flaps - extend as required.

6. Trim - as needed.

7. Brakes - off (carefully check that the brake

stop-valve is off).

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 4-16

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

CAUTION

Rapid engine cooling should be avoided during operation. This especially

happens during aircraft descent, taxi, low engine rpm or at engine

shutdown immediately after landing. Under normal conditions the engine

temperatures stabilize during descent and taxi at values suitable to stop

the engine (by switching the ignition off) as soon as aircraft is stopped. If

necessary (elevated engine operating temperatures), cool (for minimum

2 minutes) the engine at approximately 3 000 rpm to stabilize the

temperatures prior to engine shut down.

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.12 Normal landing

4.12.1 Before landing

1. Throttle - as required.

2. Airspeed - ≥ 52 KIAS.

3. Wing flaps - extend as required.

4. Trim - as required.

4.12.2 Landing

1. Throttle - idle.

2. Controls - flare to minimum flying speed.

3. Touch-down on main wheels.

4. Apply brakes - as required (after the nose wheel

4.12.3 After landing

1. Engine speed - set as required for taxi.

2. Wing flaps - retract.

touched down).

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 4-17

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.13 Baulked landing procedures

1. Throttle - full power (maximum 5 800 rpm for

5 minutes).

2. Trim - as required.

3. Wing flaps - retract to 50% as soon as possible and

retract fully when reaching 65 KIAS (at
300 ft minimum height).

4. Electric fuel pump - off (912 ULS) (300 ft minimum).

Auxiliary electric fuel pump - off (912 iS) (300 ft minimum).

5. Trim - adjust.

6. Repeat circuit pattern.

4.14 Short field take-off and landing procedures

Not considered necessary. Ordinary short field procedures may be used if
pilot deems it appropriate.

Page | 4-18

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

CAUTION

Rapid engine cooling should be avoided during operation. This especially

happens during aircraft descent, taxi, low engine rpm or at engine

shutdown immediately after landing. Under normal conditions the engine

temperatures stabilize during descent and taxi at values suitable to stop

the engine (by switching the ignition off) as soon as aircraft is stopped. If

necessary (elevated engine operating temperatures), cool (for minimum 2

minutes) the engine at approximately 3 000 rpm to stabilize the

temperatures prior to engine shut down.

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.15 Engine shutdown

For Rotax 912 iS engine at least 5 minutes must elapse between
landing and shutting off the engine.

1. Engine speed - idle.

2. Instruments - engine parameters within limits.

3. Avionics master switch - off.

4. Electric fuel pump - off (912 ULS).
Electric fuel pumps (both) - off (912 iS).

5. Magnetos / ignition - off.

6. Switches - off.

7. EFIS - off, battery back-up off.

8. Master switch - off.

9. Fuel selector - off.

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 4-19

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

NOTE

Use the anchor eyes on the wings and fuselage rear section to secure the

airplane. Move control stick forward and secure it together with the

rudder pedals if high winds are expected. Make sure that the cockpit

canopy is properly closed and locked.

NOTE

It is recommended that the parking brake (shutoff valve) be utilised for

short-period parking only. If the airplane is to be parked for long periods it

is advisable to use not only the parking brake, but also wheel chocks.

Pilot Operating Handbook

4.16 Aircraft parking and tie-down

1. Site - Park the aircraft on as level an area as
possible.

2. Ignition/ magnetos -off.

3. Master switch -off.

4. Fuel selector -off.

5. Parking brake - use as necessary.

6. Canopy - close, lock as necessary.

7. Secure the airplane.

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 4-20

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

5. PERFORMANCE

5.1 Take-off and landing distance ................................................................... 5-3

5.2 Rate of climb ............................................................................................. 5-4

5.3 Cruise speeds (with fixed pitch propeller) ................................................ 5-5

5.4 Fuel consumption ..................................................................................... 5-6

5.5 Airspeed indicator system calibration ...................................................... 5-7

Page | 5-1/5-2

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Surface

Take-off run

Take-off distance over 15m (50 ft) obstacle

Concrete

120 m / 395ft

230 m / 755 ft

Grass

140 m / 460 ft

250 m / 820 ft

Surface

Landing run

distance (braked)

Landing distance over 15 m (50 ft) obstacle

Concrete

80 m / 265 ft

250 m / 820 ft

Grass

80 m / 265 ft

250 m / 820 ft

Pilot Operating Handbook

The presented data has been computed from actual flight tests with the
aircraft and engine in good condition and using average piloting techniques.

If not stated otherwise, the performance stated in this section is valid for
maximum take-off weight (600 kg/1320 lb) and under ISA conditions.

The performance shown in this section is valid for aircraft fitted with a
ROTAX 912 ULS 73.5kW (98.6 hp) engine or a ROTAX 912 iS 73.5kW
(98.6 hp) engine with a 72 inch, 3 blade, fixed pitch, Warp drive composite
propeller.

5.1 Take-off and landing distance

Take-off distances:

Landing distances:

Page | 5-3

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Conditions:
Max. continuous power : 5 500 rpm
Weight : 600 kg / 1320 lb

Best rate of climb speed

(VY)

Rate of
climb

KIAS

fpm

0 ft ISA

72

800

3 000 ft ISA

72

600

6 000 ft ISA

72

500

9 000 ft ISA

72

400

Pilot Operating Handbook

5.2 Rate of climb

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 5-4

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Altitude
[ft ISA]

Engine
speed
[rpm]

KIAS

KTAS

100

4 500

81

82

4 800

95

96

5 000

101

102

5 300

106

108

5 500

112

114

3 000

4 500

72

76

4 800

87

91

5 000

98

104

5 300

104

109

5 500

108

114

6 000

4 500

65

73

4 800

80

89

5 000

90

100

5 300

98

108

5 500

101

115

9 000

4 500

63

73

4 800

74

88

5 000

87

99

5 300

91

105

5 500

94

108

Pilot Operating Handbook

5.3 Cruise speeds (with fixed pitch propeller)

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 5-5

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Altitude

[ft ISA]

3 000

Fuel

quantity

[ l ]

150

[US gallons]

39.6

Engine

speed

[rpm]

4 500

4 800

5 000

5 300

5 500

Fuel

consumption

[l/h]

14

16

18

20

21

[US gallons]

3.7

4.2

4.8

5.3

5.5

Airspeed

[KIAS]

73

91

104

109

114

Endurance

[hh:mm]

10:40

9:20

08:20

07:30

07:10

Range

(no reserve)

[nm]

781

853

866

817

815

Pilot Operating Handbook

5.4 Fuel consumption

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Page | 5-6

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

IAS [knots]

CAS [knots]

(average)

CAS [knots]

(this aircraft)

25

28

30

33

35

38

40

44

45

45

50

50

55

55

60

60

65

65

70

70

75

75

80

80

85

85

90

90

95

95

100

100

105

105

110

110

115

115

120

120

125

125

130

130

135

135

Pilot Operating Handbook

5.5 Airspeed indicator system calibration

Page | 5-7

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

6. WEIGHT AND BALANCE

6.1 Installed equipment list ............................................................................ 6-3

6.2 Center of gravity (CG) range ..................................................................... 6-4

6.3 Determination of CG ................................................................................. 6-6

6.4 Empty CG determination .......................................................................... 6-7

6.5 Blank form and graph for use ................................................................... 6-8

Page | 6-1/6-2

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

Pilot Operating Handbook

This section contains weight and balance records and the payload range for
safe operating of the Sling LSA.

6.1 Installed equipment list

 MGL multifunction glass cockpit instrument - Challenger iEFIS.
 MGL V6 COM radio.
 Mode S transponder (optional).
 Analogue altimeter, airspeed indicator, ball type slip indicator.
 Magnetic compass.
 Electric trim system.
 Electric flap actuator.

Page | 6-3

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3

Airplane Factory SLING LSA

GC range is 1 635 mm (5.364 ft) to 1 772 mm (5.814 ft) aft of the reference
datum (20 to 30.3% of MAC).

 The leading edge of the MAC is 1 366 mm (4.482 ft) aft of the reference

datum.

 The MAC is 1 339 mm (4.393 ft).

WARNING

Aircraft CG and MAUW limitations must be adhered

to at all times.

DIMENSIONS IN THIS DRAWING
ARE IN FEET

Pilot Operating Handbook

6.2 Center of gravity (CG) range

Operating CG range and allowable GC envelope

Page | 6-4

Date of Issue: 07 July 2014 Revision : 1.3