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EXPERIMENT MANUAL
Franckh-Kosmo s Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Pf izerstr. 5-7, 70184 Stuttgart, G ermany | +49 (0) 711 2191-0 | www.kosmos.de
Thames & Kosmos, 301 Friendship St., Provide nce, RI, 02903, USA | 1-800-587-2872 | www.thamesandk osmos.com
Thames & Kosmos UK Ltd, Goudhurst, Kent, TN17 2QZ , United Kingdom | 01580 212000 | www.thamesandkosmos.co.uk
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ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | Contents
Safety information ...................................................................................... 3
Equipment ....................................................................................................... 4
From battery to fuel cell .......................................................................... 5
Your metal–air cells .................................................................................... 6
Electricity terminology ............................................................................. 8
Questions? Answers! ................................................................................ 9
Tips and tricks for model building ...................................................... 10
How to use the metal–air cells ............................................................ 11
How to clean the metal–air cells ........................................................ 12
How to charge your batteries with the metal–air cells ........... 13
How to use the battery holder ........................................................... 14
Experiments ................................................................................................. 15
MODEL 1: Charging station .................................................................... 17
MODEL 2: Taxi .............................................................................................. 19
MODEL 3: Transporter .............................................................................. 20
MODEL 4: Roadster .................................................................................... 22
MODEL 5: Gymnast .................................................................................... 24
MODEL 6: All-terrain vehicle .................................................................. 26
MODEL 7: Hammer mill ............................................................................. 28
MODEL 8: Carousel .................................................................................... 30
MODEL 9: Jeep .............................................................................................. 32
MODEL 10: Windmill ................................................................................... 34
MODEL 11: Helicopter ............................................................................... 37
MODEL 12: Ferris wheel ........................................................................... 39
MODEL 13: Propeller plane ..................................................................... 41
MODEL 14: Motorcycle ............................................................................. 43
MODEL 15: Dredger .................................................................................... 45
MODEL 16: Propeller .................................................................................. 47
MODEL 17: Ballet dancer ........................................................................ 50
MODEL 18: Radar station ........................................................................ 53
MODEL 19: Mill ............................................................................................. 55
MODEL 20: Airplane ................................................................................... 57
MODEL 21: Sports car .............................................................................. 60
MODEL 22: Crab .......................................................................................... 62
1st Edition 2012 © Genius Toy Taiwan Co., Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
1st German Edition © 2012 Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Stuttgart, Germany
This wor k, including all its parts, is copyright protected. Any use outside the specific limit s of the copyright law is prohibited and punishable by law without the consent of the publisher. This applies specifically to reproductions, translations,
microfilming, and storage and processing in electronic systems and networks. We do not guarantee that all material in
this work is free from other copyright or other protection.
Project Direction: Stefanie Hübsch
Product Development: Elena Ryvkin
Layout and Typesetting: werthdesign, Horb
Editing: Andreas Hantsch, Freiberg; Christiane Theis, lektorat & textlabor, Gärtringen
Photos: PhotoSG, p. 5 br; view7, p. 8 li; Alina Isakovich, p. 8 tr (alle vorigen ©fotolia.com); Nick B., p. 5 bl (©wikipedia CC-BY-
SA-3.0); Mercedes-Benz, p. 6; TU Wien, p. 8 br.
2nd English Edition © 2012, 2016 Thames & Kosmos, LLC, Providence, RI, USA
Thames & Kosmos® is a registered trademark of Thames & Kosmos, LLC.
Editing: Ted McGuire; Additional Graphics and Layout: Dan Freitas
Distributed in North America by Thames & Kosmos, LLC. Providence, RI 02903
Phone: 800-587-2872; Web: www.thamesandkosmos.com
Distributed in United Kingdom by Thames & Kosmos UK, LP. Goudhurst, Kent TN17 2QZ
Phone: 01580 212000; Web: www.thamesandkosmos.co.uk
We reserve the right to make technical changes.
Printed in Taiwan / Imprimé en Taïwan
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WARNING.
• Not suitable for children under 3 years. Choking hazard — small parts may be
swallowed or inhaled. Strangulation hazard — long wires may become wrapped
around the neck.
• This kit contains functional sharp pointed wires. Do not injure yourself!
• WARNING. Not suitable for children under 10 years. For use under adult
supervision. Read the instructions before use, follow them and keep them for
reference.
• WARNING. Only for use by children aged 10 years and older. Instructions for
parents or other supervising adults are included and have to be observed. Keep
packaging and instructions as they contain important information.
• Before proceeding with model assembly, read the instructions on this page and
the notes accompanying the individual assembly steps, follow them, and keep
them for reference. Keep young children and animals away from the
experiments. Store the experimental material out of the reach of small children.
Information about the metal–air cells
• Do not let the metal–air cells remain filled while they are not in use. Clean them
after each use, as described in the instructions. Do not consume the tank
contents or bring contents into content with skin or eyes. In case of contact:
Wash o or rinse out with plenty of water.
Safety Information | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
• Batteries are to be inserted with the correct polarity. Press them gently into the
battery compartment. Refer to the instructions on page 14.
• Non-rechargeable batteries are not to be recharged. They could explode!
• Rechargeable batteries are only to be charged under adult supervision.
• Rechargeable batteries are to be removed from the toy before being charged.
• Exhausted batteries are to be removed from the toy.
• The supply terminals are not to be short-circuited. A short circuit can cause the
wires to overheat and the battery to explode.
• Be sure not to bring batteries into contact with coins, key chains, or other metal
objects.
• Do not bend, warp, or otherwise deform batteries.
• Do not mix old and new batteries.
• Do not mix alkaline, standard (carbon-zinc), or rechargeable (nickel-cadmium)
batteries.
Disposal of electrical and electronic components
Safety for experiments with batteries
• For operation without the metal–air cells, two 1.5-volt batteries (type AA / LR6 /
penlight) will be required, which are not included in the kit due to their limited
storage life.
• For some of the experiments, two rechargeable 1.2-volt batteries (type AA /
penlight) will be needed.
• Refer to page 14 for instructions on how to insert and remove the batteries.
• Avoid short-circuiting the batteries. They could explode!
• Dierent types of batteries (rechargeable and non-rechargeable) or new and
used batteries are not to be mixed.
This product’s electronic parts are reusable and, for the sake of protecting the
environment, they should not be thrown into the regular household trash at the
end of their lifespan. Instead, they must be delivered to a collection location for
electronic waste, as indicated by the following symbol:
Please consult your local authorities for the appropriate disposal location.
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ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | The parts inside your kit
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
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23
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25
26
27
28
29
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31
32
33
34
35
Description
SHORT FRAME
SQUARE FRAME
5-HOLE ROD
3-HOLE DUAL ROD
7-HOLE DUAL ROD (LONG ROD)
7-HOLE FLAT ROD
11-HOLE FLAT ROD
CURVED ELBOW ROD
90 DEGREE CONVERTER - R
90 DEGREE CONVERTER - L
EXTRA-LONG SHAFT
LONG SHAFT
MEDIUM SHAFT
METAL–AIR CELL
SHORT SHAFT
MOTOR SHAFT
LARGE GEAR WHEEL
MEDIUM GEAR WHEEL
SMALL GEAR WHEEL
AXLE LOCK
ANCHOR PIN
JOINT PIN
SHAFT PIN
MAGNESIUM META L P L ATE
BLACK CONNECTING WIRE
RED CONNECTING WIRE
YELLOW BATTERY HOLDER
RED BATTERY RECHARGER
SYRINGE
SALT WATER BOTTLE
WHEEL
ANCHOR PIN LEVER
MOTOR
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE (LED)
BRUSH
TOTAL
Quantity
2
1
2
2
2
4
4
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
23
1
2
6
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
91
Item No.
703232
705016
704063
705012
707046
712341
712340
705013
704064
705017
703518
703234
703238
712334
703236
702801
711100
710061
710062
702813
702527
702524
702526
712335
702593
702592
712339
710115
712343
712342
712336
702590
702800
704072
712344
x2
4
x2
5
15
x2 x2
12
x2 x2
21
22
x2
3
2
1
x1
8
x2
11
x2
9
10
x2 x2
x1
17
18 23
19
x2
20
x4 x23 x1 x2
x2
x2
14
27
28
x1
7
x4
6
x4
16
13
24
x6
29
x1
x1
x2
31
35
x1
33
32
30
25 26
x2
x1
x1
x4
x1
34
x1
x1
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From the battery to the fuel cell | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
FROM THE BATTERY…
Around 1800, the Italian scholar Alessandro Volta discovered that a copper and a zinc
plate (called electrodes) would produce a slight electrical voltage when they were
connected by a cloth moistened with salt water (called an electrolyte). This is also
known as a voltaic cell.
A lot of voltaic cells stacked on top of one
another were then used to produce the first
usable continuous source of voltage. This
voltaic pile was a significant achievement,
since it enabled further electrical research and
applications.
In Alessandro Volta’s honor, electrical voltage
is measured in volts (V) to this day. Volta was
the pioneer of today’s batteries.
In 1866, the French scholar Georges Leclanché
was granted a patent for a battery equipped
with a liquid electrolyte. What he had done
was to replace the moistened cloth with a
jellied electrolyte (made by thickening the
liquid). These batteries were the precursors of
today’s dry batteries, such as the zinc-carbon
battery and the alkali-manganese battery. Batteries like these
can reliably supply a voltage of
1.5 volts.
Alessandro Volta
…TO THE FUEL CELL
The first simple fuel cell was created in 1838. A
battery and a fuel cell have something in common:
They are both galvanic cells. That means that they
have two electrodes (an anode and a cathode) that
are connected by an electrolyte. Cells of this type
convert chemical into electrical energy. So fuel cells
neither produce nor store energy, they just convert it
from one form to another.
With fuel cells, unlike batteries, the fuel is constantly
supplied and resupplied. That enables them to be
operated without time limits. A battery, by contrast,
loses its charge after a certain period of time and is
thereby rendered unusable.
Georges Leclanché
During the 19th century,
Leclanché cells were used to
provide the voltage needed to
send railway telegrams and to
power home doorbells.
electrolyte
zinc
copper
1 element
Voltaic pile
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ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | Your metal–air cells
At first, the relatively complicated fuel cell was not developed any further, since
Werner von Siemens had invented the electrical generator by that time. In combination with the steam engine, the generator was regarded as one of the simplest and
most ingenious pieces of technology of the time.
Since then, however, many dierent types of fuel cells have been created. The most
widespread and extensively researched is the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, which was
already being used by 1960 as an energy converter in space travel.
There were also three fuel cells on board the Apollo 13 spaceship in 1970. After three
days in space, there was an accident — one of the oxygen tanks exploded. That
meant that the mission had to be aborted, and the crew never walked on the moon.
All of the astronauts were able to return safely to Earth though. The cause of the
accident was found to lie in technical oversights during mission preparation.
Since then, the technology has improved so much that fuel cells are now even being
used in cars. In somewhat simplified terms, these fuel cells convert hydrogen directly
into electrical energy through an interaction with oxygen. This in turn powers the
electric engine.
In this experiment kit, you will find
devices called metal–air cells.
The energy of metal–air cells comes
from the kind of metal used — in
this case, magnesium. This metal is
simultaneously used as an electrode
and as an energy source. In a
chemical reaction between the
electrolyte (a water and table salt
solution) and oxygen from the air,
the magnesium is consumed and
electrons are released. Since they
are distributed unevenly, they are
available for use as electrical
voltage. Current flows when a load
such as a small motor or an LED is
connected to the circuit.
Your metal–air cell uses a system that was designed to have its used metal electrodes
continuously exchanged and replaced with new electrodes. That creates a system
similar to that of a conventional fuel cell. Once the magnesium has been used up, the
cell is considered dead. But once you insert a new magnesium plate, it is loaded and
ready to go again.
This kind of metal–air cell produces a voltage of 1.4 volts, and supplies a current
strength of 300–500 mA (mA = milliampere, a unit of electric current strength).
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Salzwasser
Sauersto
(Kathode)
Sauersto
(Kathode)
Magnesium
(Anode)
e
-
THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS
Here’s an overview to help you understand
what’s happening inside your metal–air cell.
O = oxygen
H = hydrogen
H
O = water
2
Mg = magnesium
Your metal–air cells | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
Magnesium (Anode)
Salt Water
Mg(OH)
= magnesium hydroxide
2
These are the reactions taking place in your metal–air cell.
Main reaction, which releases energy:
Reaction at the anode:
Mg - 2e¯ + 2HO —
>
Mg(OH) + 2H
+
Reaction at the cathode:
½ O + HO + 2e¯ —
>
2OH¯
Overall reaction:
Mg + 2HO —
>
Mg(OH) + H
Magnesium (Anode)
Oxygen (Cathode)
Salt Water
Oxygen (Cathode)
Magnesium Hydroxide
Oxygen (Cathode)
Magnesium Hydroxide
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ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | Electricity terminology
VOLTAGE
A voltage source (e.g., a battery) always has two poles, a positive one and a negative
one. At the positive pole, there are very few electrons, while there are a lot of electrons
at the negative pole. This difference in the quantity of electrons is known as electrical
voltage, and is measured in volts (abbreviated “V”) in honor of Alessandro Volta.
If the positive and negative poles are connected, the electrons start to move. When
that happens, there is a flow of electric current.
Electricity is delivered
from the power plant to
the outlet in your home via
many kilometers of cables.
CURRENT
When electrons move, electric current flows. The strength of the current is measured
in amperes (abbreviated “A”). This term comes from the French physicist André-Marie
Ampère, who explained the concept of electric current and determined its direction of
flow.
ELECTRON
An electron is a negatively charged particle, i.e. one
that carries a negative electrical charge.
Electrical charge
moves in a flash
of lightning.
Here, scientists have attempted to
photograph an electron.
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WOULD YOU LIKE TO KNOW…?
Questions? Answers! | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
Why is the energy from your metal–air cells considered “renewable energy”?
Renewable energy is energy that comes from a source that never gets used up. It could
be energy from wind, water, or sun, for example. In the case of your metal–air cell, the
sources are oxygen, salt water, and magnesium. There are practically limitless quantities of oxygen in the air, for example. The same goes for salt water from the ocean.
Magnesium is also found in the ocean, with more than 1 kg⁄m3 contained in seawater.
Do you think that this kind of metal–air cell might be operated right by the ocean in the
future?
How can you make more salt water?
You can easily mix up a new supply of salt water by using the bottle supplied in your kit.
For water with 15% salt, pour salt up to the bottle’s 15% mark. As you do that, gently
tap the bottom of the bottle against the work surface to distribute the salt evenly.
Then fill the bottle up to the top line (the water line) with water. Put the lid on and shake
well to make the salt dissolve. For water with different salt concentrations, simply fill to
the corresponding mark on the bottle.
Why are the magnesium plates stained, and why won’t they work any longer?
As you know, the salt water reacts with the magnesium metal. In the process, deposits
are formed. You should remove the deposits after each use if you want the magnesium
plate to continue to work well. You will see on page 12 how to do that. This will help
prolong the lifespan of the plates.
Is it OK to pour the contents of the tank down the drain?
It’s also important to know that the “waste products” created in the process of generating the energy are not harmful to the environment. The basic “waste product” of
magnesium hydroxide — the white powder that’s created — can be used as a medicine,
among other things. Taken in tablet form, it neutralizes stomach acids and acts as a
laxative. It is also used as an acid regulator or release agent in foods. So you can pour
this powder down the drain without any worries.
What should you do when all the magnesium plates are used up?
If you take care of the plates properly, they will last a long time. But if you do eventually
use them up, you can order replacement magnesium plates. The web site, telephone
number, or e-mail address to use for ordering them is on the back side of the kit package.
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ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | Tips and tricks for model assembly
ANCHOR PIN LEVER
Use side A of the anchor pin
lever to pull out an anchor
pin.
Use side B of the anchor pin lever to
remove a battery from the battery
holder.
B
AXLE LOCK
Axle locks prevent things like gears from slipping along an axle or
shaft. You can easily mount or remove the axle locks without having to
remove the wheel from the axle.
MOUNTING FRAMES AND GEAR WHEELS
When you mount a gear wheel on an axle or shaft next to a frame, you
should leave a gap of at least 1 mm between gear and frame. This will
reduce the friction while operating the model, and it will help the model
work well. Always check this before starting up one of your models by
rotating the gear wheels.
Wrong!
(no space)
Right!
(with space)
10
LIGHT-EMITTING
DIODE (LED)
The LED lights up when
the motor runs.
If the LED doesn’t come
on when the motor runs,
remove it, rotate it 180
degrees, and re-insert
with the prongs in the
opposite holes.
LED
Model 1:
Radar station
Motor
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How to use your metal–air cells | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
1. First, prepare some salt water. For water
with 15% salt: Pour salt into the bottle up to
the 15% mark, and then fill to the top line
(the water line) with water.
For water with other salt concentrations,
simply fill to the corresponding mark on the
bottle.
2. Slide the magnesium plate into the
holder.
Make sure that the plate touches
the nickel contact.
3. Click the holder with the magnesium
plate into the tank.
Make sure the holder is
fully inserted.
MagnesiumPlate
Tank
Bracket
Nickel contact
5. Attach the metal–air cell to your car.
(You have to build one of the models follow
-
5
ing the instructions starting on page 17.)
6. Connect the connection wire to the
1
metal–air cells.
6
2
7. Draw salt water into the syringe.
3
8. Inject the salt water into the tank
higher than the top fill line), and your car
takes o!
(no
7
4. Done!
Check one more time to be sure
everything is properly assembled.
4
8
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ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | How to clean your metal–air cells
It is important that you do not let your metal–air cells remain filled while
they are not being used. They should be cleaned following every use.
This will prevent the buildup of deposits and increase the lifespan of
the plastic parts and the magnesium plates.
1. Press the two clamps together on the orange-colored holder. This
way, you can easily release and remove the holder from the tank.
1
12
2. Once you have separated the parts, you can clean the magnesium
plates with sandpaper. Ideally, do this outside and don’t inhale the dust.
As you clean them, lay the plates on a damp paper towel. You can also
moisten the sandpaper, which will help control the dust.
3. Then clean the holder with the brush that comes with the kit. Clean
it under cold running water. Pour the tank contents down the drain with
water. Be careful not to let the tank contents come into contact with
your skin or eyes.
Thoroughly rinse the tank and sink with water. Place all the objects on
paper towels and let them dry well. After cleaning the metal–air cells,
wash your hands with soap.
2
3
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How to charge the batteries with the metal–air cells | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
You can run your cars directly from the metal–air cells. Or, you can
charge rechargeable batteries with the metal–air cells and use those to
power your models.
1. Assemble your charging station (Model 1). You can charge six batter
ies with two metal–air cells. Never charge a battery longer than three
hours. If you charge a battery for one hour, it will power a model for one
to five hours.
When you insert the rechargeable battery into the red charger, pay at
tention to the (+) and (-) symbols in the charger and on the battery. You
will need two charged batteries for the yellow battery holder.
2. Remove the battery from the charger after you have charged it for
one hour. Remember to clean the metal–air cells if you won’t be charg
ing any more batteries.
3. Insert two charged batteries into the yellow battery holder and con
nect the wire to the motor. The next page will explain exactly how to
do that.
4. Now your car is ready to take o! The yellow battery holder can be
attached to all the models in this kit.
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
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ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | How to use the battery holder
As you have already seen, there are lots of ways you can supply your models with
energy. The simplest way is to operate the models directly from the metal–air cells.
But you can also use batteries or rechargeable batteries. Non-rechargeable batter
ies are the worst alternative, because they are the worst environmental polluters.
Since you can’t recharge them, you have to throw them away when they’re used
up. Here are the instructions for placing the batteries or the rechargeable batteries
in the battery holder.
1. Take a careful look at the battery holder. On the inside,
you will find a mark that shows you how to insert the
batteries.
2. Attach the connecting wire to the battery holder.
3. Take a 1.5-volt battery (type AA / LR6 / penlight) and
orient it so the positive terminal ((+) symbol) of the
battery lines up with the (+) symbol in the battery
holder. To insert the battery, start by pushing down on
the spring in the holder with the other end of the bat
tery (negative terminal, (-) symbol). Only then should
you lower the battery’s positive terminal into the
compartment by exerting light downward pressure
until the battery clicks into place. Proceed the same
way with a 1.2-volt rechargeable battery (type AA /
penlight).
4. Repeat this same procedure with the second battery.
Always use either two non-rechargeable batteries or
two rechargeable batteries. Never use rechargeable
and non-rechargeable batteries together! Always be
sure to pay attention to the polarity (plus and minus
symbols) marked in the battery holder.
2
3
-
-
1
4
5. Attach the battery holder to
your model.
6. Connect the free wire ends
to the motor.
7. Your model is ready to go!
While your battery holder does
have a fuse, it’s still important
to avoid creating a short circuit.
If a short circuit does happen
to occur, however, the fuse will
prevent the batteries and wire
from overheating or exploding.
The fuse will reset itself follow
ing a short circuit. It does not
have to be replaced or repaired.
-
5
6
7
8
Fuse
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Experiments | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
Tank Level: ⅓
Salt water solution: 15 %
Duration
START time STOP time
Tank level: ⅓
Battery
Duration
START time STOP time
EXPERIMENT 1
Does it make sense to you that the concentration of salt in the water and the fill level of the tank might determine how long your model will run?
This is exactly what we tested in our laboratory. You can perform the same experiment too. O you go!
1. First, assemble Model 17 (Ballet dancer). In our lab, we just hooked up a single metal–air cell in order to avoid having to use a lot of magnesium
plates.
2. Next, prepare a 5% salt water solution (see page 9 for instructions). Fill the tank 1/3 of the way with the solution. Note the time at which the
dancer starts to spin. Now you just have to wait. How long will the model spin? Finally, note the time it stops and calculate the total duration.
Clean the cells following each use.
3. Fill the cells all the way to the top line with the 5% salt water solution. Note the start and stop times again.
4. Now for part 2 of the experiment: Repeat steps 2 and 3 with a 15% salt water solution.
5. This table is for your research record. Enter how long the model ran with each salt water solution and each fill level.
START time STOP time
Salt water solution: 5 %
Tank level: ⅓
Tank level: full
START time STOP time
Tank level: ⅓ Tank level: full
START time STOP time
Salt water solution: 15 %
START time STOP time
Duration Duration
Finding:
converted into electrical energy.
The concentration of salt in the water and the fill level in the tank influence the quantity of chemical energy that can be produced and
Duration Duration
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ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | Experiments
EXPERIMENT 2
Which has more power? Your metal–air cell or a charged battery? See for yourself!
1. Assemble Model 17 (Ballet dancer) again, but this time attach two metal–air cells.
2. Prepare a 15% salt water solution (instructions, page 9). Fill the tank 1/3 of the way with this solution. Note the time at which the dancer
starts to spin. Now you just have to wait. How long will the model spin? Finally, note the time it stops and calculate how long it turned.
3. Now, instead of the metal–air cells, hook up the battery holder and insert two fully-charged rechargeable batteries (see page 14 for instruc
tions). The dancer will start to spin. How long will the batteries keep the model turning?
4. Note the results in your research record:
Salt water solution: 15 %
Tank Level: ⅓
START time STOP time
Duration
Tank level: ⅓
START time STOP time
Battery
Duration
-
IDEAS FOR MORE EXPERIMENTS
Try Experiments 1 and 2 with dierent models. Can you see a dierence? What other factors influence how long a model runs?
Does your vehicle have enough power to drive up an incline? Try seeing how it drives on dierent surfaces (carpet, tile, wood floor).
Attach the LED to your model’s motor (see page 10 for instructions). Do your metal–air cells supply enough energy to make the vehicle drive and
the LED light up at the same time?
16
Page 17
25
26
17
19
MODEL 1 Charging Station | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
1
Charging Station
2
13
1
x2
13
19
2
x1
3
x2 x2 x2
6
x4 x4
13
x2
4
14
x2
7
21
18
x13
x2
5
8
x2 x2 x2
24
x2
9
28
x1
17
10
x2
x2
253126
x2
x2 x1
3
4
5 6
17
Page 18
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | Model 1 Charging Station
7
11
8 9
12
10
18
Completed
Page 19
MODEL 2 Taxi | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
1
Taxi
2
3
15
2
x1
14
x2
5
x2
20
21
x2
x4
10
x2
24
x2
12
x1
31
x4 x1
33
15
x2
25
x2 x1
26
15
4
12
Completed
19
Page 20
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 3 Transporter
1
Transporter
1
x2
2
x1
14
3
x1 x2 x2
6
x2
20
21
x1
x11
4
8
10
x2
x2
24
x2 x4 x1x2
31
5
12
x1
33
15
x2
25
x2 x1
26
3
20
2
15
15
Page 21
4
MODEL 3 Transporter | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
5
12
Be sure that the quarter-wheel segments
are mounted upright on the axle.
6
Completed
21
Page 22
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 4 Roadster
1
Roadster
1
x2
2
x1
14
x2
3 4
x2 x2 x2
6 7
x4 x4
16 17 18
x2
x2
x2
5
8 9 10
x2 x2
x2
19
20 21
x4 x23 x2
x2
24
2 3
11
x1
12 13
x2 x1
31
x4 x1
33
25
x2 x1
13
26
22
4
5 6
Be sure that the quarter-wheel segments
are mounted upright on the axle.
12
Page 23
MODEL 4 Roadster | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
7
10
9
8
1216
16
11
11
-
+
Completed
23
Page 24
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 5 Gymnast
Gymnast
1
2
3
13
1
x2
2
3
x2 x2 x2
x1
14
x2
4
6
x4 x4
17
x2
7
18
x2
5
8
x2
20 21
19
x2 x14 x1 x2
x2
9
x2 x2
23
11
x1 x1
10
13
x2
24
31
x3 x1
15
x1 x1
33
16
12
25
x2 x1
26
4
15
24
5
23
11
6
Make sure that the gears
mesh with each other cleanly.
13
7
Page 25
MODEL 5 Gymnast | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
8 9
12
16
10
Completed
25
Page 26
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 6 All-terrain vehicle
All-terrain vehicle
1
x2
2
x1
3
x2 x2 x2
14
x2
4
6
x4 x4
17
x2
7
18
x2
5
20
19
x1 x23 x2
x2
8
9
x2 x2
x2
21
1 2 3
11
x1 x1
10
24
13
x1
31
33
15
x1 x2
16
12
25
26
x2 x1x4 x1
26
4 5
6
16
15
Page 27
MODEL 6 All-terrain vehicle | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
7 8
12
16
11
10
Leave a space of 1 mm between
the frame and gear wheels so the
all-terrain vehicle can run well.
9
13
12
11
Completed
27
Page 28
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 7 Hammer mill
4
19
20
x2
x2
x2 x20 x1 x1
22
5
23
8 9 10
x2 x2 x2
3121
x3 x1
Hammer mill
1
x2
2
x1
17 18
x2
3
x2 x2 x2
6 7
x4 x4
1 2 3 4
16
22
33
11
x1 x1
14
x2
16
x2
24 25
x2
12
26
x2 x1
28
5 6 7
16
23
The yellow and
red gears have
to touch each
other.
11
The hammer mill will run smoothly if you
leave a gap of 2 mm between the frame
and shaft pin.
Page 29
8
MODEL 7 Hammer Mill | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
10
11
9
12
12
13
Completed
29
Page 30
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 8 Carousel
1
Carousel
2
1
x2
2
x1
3
x2 x2 x2
14
x2
4
6
x4 x4 x2 x2 x2
17
x2
7
18
x2
5
8
19
20
21
x3 x21 x1 x2
x2
11
x1 x1
9
10
23
24
13
x2
31
33
x4 x1
15
x2 x2
16
12
25
x2 x1
26
3
30
16
64 5
16
Page 31
MODEL 8 Carousel | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
6
12
8
7
11
23
15
15
13
9
13
Completed
31
Page 32
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 9 Jeep
Jeep
1
x2
2
x1
3
x2 x2 x2
x4 x4 x2 x2 x2
14
x2
4
6
17
x2
7
18
x2
19
20
x4 x23 x2
x2
5
8
21
1 2 3
16
15
11
x1 x2
9
10
24
13
x1
31
33
x4 x1
15
x1 x1
16
12
25
x2 x1
26
32
4
5
Page 33
MODEL 9 Jeep | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
6
7
8
13
11
12
Be sure that the quarterwheel segments are
mounted upright on the
axle.
12
9
Completed
33
Page 34
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 10 Windmill
Windmill
1
1
x2
2
3 4
2
x1
3
x2 x2 x2
14
x2
4
6
x4 x4 x2 x2 x2
17
x2
7
18
x2
19
20
x3 x23 x2
x2
5
8
9
10
21
24
31
x4 x1
11
x1 x1
13
x2
15
33
16
x1 x1
12
25
x2 x1
26
15
34
5
6
12
Page 35
MODEL 10 Windmill | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
10
7
11
8 9
12
11
16
35
Page 36
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 10 Windmill
13
16
14
15
13
13
17
36
Completed
Page 37
MODEL 11 Helicopter | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
1
Helicopter
2
5
1
x2
2
x1
3
x2 x2 x2
x4 x4 x2 x2 x2
14
x2
4
6
17
x2
18
7
x2
3
19
20
x3 x23 x2
x2
5
8
9
10
21
24
12
x2
31
33
x3 x1
4
13
x1
15
x1
25
x2 x1
26
15
12
37
Page 38
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 11 Helicopter
6
7
12
13
The red and blue gears
have to mesh nicely.
8
38
Completed
Page 39
MODEL 12 Ferris wheel | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
Ferris wheel
1
2
13
1
x2
2
x1
3
x2 x2 x2
x4 x4 x2 x2 x2
14
x2
4
6
17
x2
7
18
x2
5
8
19
20
21
x3 x21 x2
x2
11
x1 x1
9
10
23
24
x1
13
x2
31
33
x2 x1
15
x1
12
25
x2 x1
26
4
3
12
39
Page 40
6
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 12 Ferris Wheel
5
7
11
13
40
23
15
Completed
Page 41
MODEL 13 Propeller Plane | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
1
x2
2
x1
3
x2 x2 x2
x4 x4 x2 x2 x2
14
x2
4
6
17
x2
7
19
18
x2
x2
20
x3 x15 x2
Propeller
Plane
1 3
15
2
11
5
8
9
10
21
24
x4 x1
15
x1 x2
31
11
x1 x2
16
33
25
x2 x1
13
26
16
4
13
5
16
41
Page 42
7
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 13 Propeller Plane
8
6
42
13
Completed
Page 43
MODEL 14 Motorcycle | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
Motorcycle
1
2
1
x2
2
x1
3
x2 x2 x2
x4 x4 x2 x2 x2
14
x2
4
6
17
x2
7
18
x2
5
8
19
20
21
x3 x22 x2
x2
11
x1 x1
9
10
23
24
x2
13
x1
31
x4 x1
16
33
x2
12
25
x2 x1
26
3
16
1
4
16
5
12
6
23
23
43
Page 44
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 14 Motorcycle
7 8 9
11
13
44
10
11
Completed
Page 45
MODEL 15 Dredger | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
1
x2
2
x1
3
x2 x2 x2
x4 x4 x2 x2 x2 x2
14
x2
4
6
17
x2
7
18
x2
5
8
19
21 22
x17 x2
x2
Dredger
1 2 3
12
x1
9
10 15
23
24
x1x1
31
x4 x1
33
13
x2
25
x2 x1
26
4
5 6
15
The dredger will run
smoothly if you leave a
gap of 2 mm between the
frame and yellow gears.
12
45
Page 46
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 15 Dredger
8
9
10
7
13
13
11
22
23
Don’t let the long shaft stick out beyond the yellow
gear wheel!
15
46
Completed
Page 47
MODEL 16 Propeller | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
1
2
Propeller
x1
x2
14
x2
1 2
3
x2 x2 x2
6
x4 x4 x2 x2 x1 x1
4
7
17
x2
19
18
x2
x2
5
x4
8
10 15 16
2120
x22 x2
24
12
x1 x2
31
x1 x1
33
15
13
13
25
x2 x1
26
3
4
16
47
Page 48
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 16 Propeller
5 6
8
7
9
48
13
Page 49
MODEL 16 Propeller | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
10
11
12
12
Completed
49
Page 50
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 17 Ballet dancer
1
2
3
4
5
12
13
Ballet
Dancer
x1
x2
1
3
x2 x2 x2
6
x4 x4 x2 x2 x2 x2 x1
14
x2
17
x2
18
x2
7
19
x2
8 9
2120 23
x16 x1 x2
x3
10 15 16
24
5
x1 x2
31
x3 x1
15
23
33
25
x2 x1
26
2
13
12
50
4
16
Page 51
6
MODEL 17 Ballet dancer | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
a3.
13
7
a1.
a2.
a4.
8
15
51
Page 52
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 17 Ballet dancer
9
10
52
Completed
Page 53
MODEL 18 Radar station | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
Radar Station
1
2
15
1
x2
2
x1
14
x2
3
x2 x2 x2
6
x4 x4 x2 x2 x2 x2 x2
4
7
17
x2
19
18
x2
x2
x4
5
8 9
2120
x22 x2
10 15 16
24
12
x2 x2
31
x2 x1
33
13
25
x2 x1
26
16
3
16
15
4
5
6
12
12
53
Page 54
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 18 Radar Station
11
7
8 9
12
13
13
10
13
54
Completed
Page 55
MODEL 19 Mill | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
Mill
1 2
13
12
1
x2
2
x1
3
x2 x2 x2
6 7
x4 x4 x2 x2 x1
14
x2
4
17 18
x2
x2
5
8 9 10
20 21
19
x4 x21 x1 x2
x2
23
24
11
x1 x1
13
x1
31
x2 x1
16
x1
33
12
25
x2 x1
26
3
4 5
55
Page 56
6
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 19 Mill
7
16
56
8
9
11
23
Completed
Page 57
MODEL 20 Airplane | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
1
x2
Airplane
1 2
19
x2
5
8 9 10
20 21
x4 x23 x2
24
13 15
x2 x1
31
x2 x1
11
x1 x1
16
x1
33
25
x2 x1
12
26
2
x1
14
3
x2 x2 x2
6 7
x4 x4 x2 x2 x2
x2
4
17 18
x2
x2
3
4
16
12
57
Page 58
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 20 Airplane
5 6
13
8 9
7
13
15
58
11
Page 59
MODEL 20 Airplane | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
10
11
12
Completed
59
Page 60
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 21 Sports Car
1
15
Sports Car
2
20 21
19
x1
5
8 9 10
24
x2 x16 x2
15
x1
31
x4 x1
11
x1 x1
16
x1
33
25
x2 x1
12
26
1
x2
2
x1
3
x2 x2 x2
6 7
x4 x4 x2 x2 x2
14
x2
4
17 18
x1
x2
3
60
4
6
5
12
Page 61
MODEL 21 Sports Car | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
16
7
10
11
8
12
9
+
-
11
Completed
61
Page 62
ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES | MODEL 22 Crab
1
Crab
2
1
x2
2
x1
3
x2 x2 x2
6 7
x2 x2 x2
14
x2
4
18
19
x2
x2
5
9
15
x2
20 21 23
x4 x14 x2
x2
24
16
x2
31
x2 x1
11
x1 x1
33
25
x2 x1
12
26
3
11
62
4
15
6
5
16
23
Page 63
MODEL 22 Crab | ECO-BATTERY VEHICLES
7 8
16
10
12
11
9
15
23
12
Completed
63
Page 64
Kosmos Quality and Safety
More than one hundred years of
expertise in publishing science
experiment kits stand behind every
product that bears the Kosmos name.
Kosmos experiment kits are designed by
an experienced team of specialists and
tested with the utmost care during
development and production. With
regard to product safety, these
experiment kits follow European and US
safety standards, as well as our own
refined proprietary safety guidelines. By
working closely with our manufacturing
partners and safety testing labs, we are
able to control all stages of production.
While the majority of our products are
made in Germany, all of our products,
regardless of origin, follow the same
rigid quality standards.
62 0 6 15 - 0 2 - 11 0 81 6
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