Texas Instruments TPS60141PWPR, TPS60141PWP, TPS60140PWPR, TPS60140PWP, TPS60140EVM-144 Datasheet

TPS60140, TPS60141

LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER

REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER

SLVS273– FEBRUAR Y 2000

1

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

features

D

Regulated 5 V ± 4% Output Voltage With up
to 100 mA Output Current From a 1.8 V to

3.6 V Input Voltage Range

D

65-µA Quiescent Supply Current

D

0.05-µA Shutdown Current, Battery Is
Isolated From Load in Shutdown

D

Integrated Low-Battery or Power-Good
Indicator

D

Low Output Voltage Ripple Over Complete
Output Current Range

D

Easy-To-Design With Low-EMI Power
Supply Since no Inductors Are Required

D

Evaluation Module Available
(TPS60140EVM-144)

applications

D

Replaces DC/DC Converters With Inductors
in Battery-Powered Applications:
– Two Battery Cells to 5 V Conversion
– Portable Instruments
– Miniature Equipment
– Backup-Battery Boost Converters
– Medical Instruments
– 5-V Smart Card Supply
– Organizers, PDAs

·

description

The TPS6014x step-up, regulated charge pumps
generate a 5-V ±4% output voltage from a 1.8 V
to 3.6 V input voltage range. The devices are
typically powered by two alkaline, NiCd, or NiMH
battery cells and provide an output current of
minimum 100 mA from a 2-V input. Only four
external capacitors are needed to build a
complete voltage tripler charge pump.

The devices regulate the output by using the
pulse-skip topology . The controller is optimized for
lowest output voltage ripple over the complete output current range. The output peak current and therefore the
output voltage ripple are drastically reduced compared to a conventional pulse-skip topology by regulating the
charge pump output resistance. At light loads the maximum output resistance is limited to assure a low
quiescent current.

The TPS60140 includes a low-battery comparator that issues a warning if the battery voltage drops below a
user-adjustable threshold voltage. The TPS60141 features a power-good output that goes active when the
output voltage reaches 90% of its nominal value.

The logic shutdown function disables the converter, reduces the supply current to a maximum of 1 µA and
disconnects the output from the input. Special current-control circuitry prevents excessive current from being
drawn from the battery during start-up. This dc-dc converter requires no inductors, therefore, EMI is of little
concern. It is available in the small, thermally enhanced 20-pin TSSOP package (PWP).

typical operating circuit

IN OUT

TPS60140

IN FB

LBI LBO

Low
Battery
Warning

Output
5 V, 100 mA

C

o

10 µF

R3

R1

R2

C2+
C2–

C2

2.2 µF

C1+
C1–

C1

2.2 µF

NC

ENABLE
PGND

GND

OFF/ON

C

i

4.7 µF

Input

1.8 V to 3.6 V

Copyright  2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments Incorporated.

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.

TPS60140, TPS60141
LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER
REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER

SLVS273– FEBRUAR Y 2000

2

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

AVAILABLE OPTIONS

T

A

PART NUMBER

†

PACKAGE DEVICE FEATURES

°

°

TPS60140PWP

p

Low-battery detector

–

40°C to 85°C

TPS60141PWP

PWP

20-in thermally enhanced TSSOP

2-cell to 5 V, 100 mA

Power-good detector

†

The PWP package is available taped and reeled. Add an R suffix to the device type (e.g. TPS60140PWPR) to order quantities of 2000
devices per reel.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11

GND
GND

ENABLE

FB

OUT

C1+

IN

C1–
PGND
PGND

GND
GND
LBI
LBO
NC
C2+
IN
C2–
PGND
PGND

PWP PACKAGE (TPS60140)

(TOP VIEW)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11

GND
GND

ENABLE

FB

OUT

C1+

IN

C1–
PGND
PGND

GND
GND
NC
PG
NC
C2+
IN
C2–
PGND
PGND

PWP PACKAGE (TPS60141)

(TOP VIEW)

TPS60140, TPS60141

LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER

REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER

SLVS273– FEBRUAR Y 2000

3

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

functional block diagrams

Charge Pump

Power Stage

C1

C1–

C1+

IN

PGND

C2

C2–

C2+

IN

OUT
PGND

Oscillator

Control

Circuit

ENABLE

Shutdown/

Start-up Control

_
+

+
–

V

REF

_
+

+
–

0.8 × V

I

GND

FB

_
+

+
–

V

REF

LBI

LBO

TPS60140

Charge Pump

Power Stage

C1

C1–

C1+

IN

PGND

C2

C2–

C2+

IN

OUT
PGND

Oscillator

Control

Circuit

ENABLE

Shutdown/

Start-up Control

_
+

+
–

V

REF

_
+

+
–

0.8 × V

I

FB

_
+

+
–

V

REF

PG

TPS60141

GND

TPS60140, TPS60141
LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER
REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER

SLVS273– FEBRUAR Y 2000

4

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

Terminal Functions

TERMINAL

NAME NO.

I/O

DESCRIPTION

C1+ 6 Positive terminal of the flying capacitor C1
C1– 8 Negative terminal of the flying capacitor C1
C2+ 15 Positive terminal of the flying capacitor C2
C2– 13 Negative terminal of the flying capacitor C2

ENABLE 3 I

ENABLE input. Connect ENABLE to IN for normal operation. When ENABLE is a logic low, the device turns off and
the supply current decreases to 0.05 µA. The output is disconnected from the input when the device is placed in
shutdown.

FB 4 I

Feedback input. Connect FB to OUT as close to the load as possible to achieve best regulation. A resistive divider
is on the chip to match the output voltage to the internal reference voltage of 1.21 V .

GND

1, 2,

19, 20

Ground. Analog ground for internal reference and control circuitry. Connect to PGND through a short trace.

IN 7,14 I Supply input. Bypass IN to PGND with capacitor Ci. Connect both IN terminals through a short trace.

LBO/PG 17 O

Low battery detector output (TPS60140) or power good output (TPS60141). Open drain output of the low-battery
indicator or power-good comparator . It can sink 1 mA. A 100-kΩ to 1-MΩ pullup is recommended. Leave the terminal
unconnected if the low-battery or power-good detector function is not used.

LBI/NC 18 I

Low battery detector input (TPS60140 only). The voltage applied to this terminal is compared to the internal 1.21-V
reference voltage. Connect the terminal to ground if the low-battery comparator is not used. On the TPS60141, this

terminal is not connected to the chip and should remain unconnected.
NC 16 Not connected
OUT 5 O Regulated 5-V power output. Bypass OUT to PGND with the output filter capacitor C

o.

PGND 9–12 Power ground. The charge-pump current flows through this terminal. Connect all PGND terminals together.

detailed description

The TPS6014x charge pumps provide a regulated 5-V output from a 1.8-V to 3.6-V input voltage range. They
can deliver a maximum continuous load current of at least 100 mA at VI = 2 V minimum. Designed specifically
for space-critical battery-powered applications, the complete charge pump circuit requires only four external
capacitors.

The TPS6014x consist of an oscillator, a 1.21-V voltage reference, an internal resistive feedback circuit, an error
amplifier, high current MOSFET switches, a shutdown/start-up circuit, a low-battery or power-good comparator
and a control circuit (see the functional block diagrams).

operating principle

The TPS6014x devices regulate the output voltage using an improved pulse-skip topology . In pulse-skip mode
the error amplifier disables switching of the power stages when it detects an output voltage higher than 5 V.
The oscillator halts and the controller skips switching cycles. The error amplifier reactivates the oscillator and
starts switching of the power stages again when the output voltage drops below 5 V. The output resistance of
the charge pump is controlled to improve the ripple performance. This limits the output current to the minimum
that is necessary to sustain a regulated output voltage. The benefit is that the ripple performance is nearly as
good as with a linear-regulation topology.

At light loads a conventional pulse-skip regulation mode is used, but the charge pump output resistance is held
at a high level. The pulse-skip regulation minimizes the operating current because the charge pump does not
switch continuously and hence the gate-charge losses of the MOSFET s are reduced. Additionally, all functions
except voltage reference, error amplifier, and low-battery or power-good comparator are deactivated when the
output is higher than 5 V. When switching is disabled by the error amplifier, the load is also isolated from the
input. This improved pulse-skip control topology is also referred to as

active-cycle

control.

TPS60140, TPS60141

LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER

REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER

SLVS273– FEBRUAR Y 2000

5

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

detailed description (continued)

start-up procedure and shutdown

During start-up, i.e., when ENABLE is set from logic low to logic high, the output capacitor is charged up with
a limited current until the output voltage(VO) reaches 0.8 x VI. When the start-up comparator detects this voltage
limit, the IC begins switching. This pre-charging of the output capacitor ensures a short start-up time. In addition,
the inrush current into an empty output capacitor is limited because the current through the switches is limited
before the charge pump starts switching.

Driving ENABLE low places the device in shutdown mode. This disables all switches, the oscillator, and control
logic. The device typically draws 0.05 µA of supply current in this mode. Leakage current drawn from the output
is as low as 1 µA max. The device exits shutdown once ENABLE is set to a high level. When the device is in
shutdown, the load is isolated from the input.

undervoltage lockout and short-circuit protection

The TPS6014x devices have an undervoltage lockout feature that deactivates the device and places it in
shutdown mode when the input voltage falls below 1.6 V . The devices are also short-circuit protected. The output
current is limited to typically 100 mA during a hard short circuit condition at the output, i.e., when V

O

is GND.
In this case the condition to enter the start-up mode is met, the device stops switching and controls the
on-resistance of the appropriate MOSFET switches to limit the current.

low-battery detector (TPS60140 only)

The internal low-battery comparator trips at 1.21 V ±5% when the voltage on pin LBI ramps down. The voltage
V

(TRIP)

at which the low battery warning is issued can be adjusted with a resistive divider as shown in Figure 1.
The sum of resistors R1 and R2 is recommended to be in the 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ range. When choosing R1 and
R2, be aware of the input leakage current into the LBI terminal.

LBO is an open drain output. An external pullup resistor to OUT , in the 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ range, is recommended.
During start-up, the LBO output signal is invalid for the first 500 µs. LBO is high impedance when the device
is disabled. If the low-battery comparator function is not used, connect LBI to ground and leave LBO
unconnected.

V

(TRIP)

+

1.21 V

ǒ1

)

R1
R2

Ǔ

V

O

_
+

+
–

V

REF

V

BAT

R2

R1

LBI

IN

LBO

R3

Figure 1. Programming of the Low-Battery Comparator Trip Voltage

A 100 nF ceramic capacitor should be connected in parallel to R2 if large line transients are expected. These
voltage drops can inadvertently trigger the low-battery comparator and produce a wrong low-battery warning
signal at the LBO pin.

TPS60140, TPS60141
LOW POWER DC-DC CONVERTER
REGULATED 5 V, 100-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE TRIPLER

SLVS273– FEBRUAR Y 2000

6

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

low-battery detector (TPS60140 only) (continued)

Formulas to calculate the resistive divider for low battery detection, with V

(LBI)

= 1.15 V to 1.27 V:

R2+1MΩ x

V

LBI

V

Bat

R1+1MΩ –R2

Formulas to calculate the minimum and maximum trip voltage:

V

trip(min)

+

V

LBI(min)

R1

(min)

)

R2

(max)

R2

(max)

V

trip(max)

+

V

LBI(max)

R1

(max)

)

R2

(min)

R2

(min)

Table 1. Recommended Values for the Resistive Divider From the E96 Series (±1%)

VI/V R1/kΩ R2/kΩ V

(TRIP)

MIN/V V

(TRIP)

MAX/V

1.8 357 732 1.700 1.902

1.9 365 634 1.799 2.016

2.0 412 634 1.883 2.112

2.1 432 590 1.975 2.219

2.2 442 536 2.080 2.338

power-good detector (TPS60141)

The PG terminal is an open-drain output that is pulled low when the output is out of regulation. When the output
rises to typically 90% of its nominal voltage, the power-good output is released. Power-good is high impedance
in shutdown. In normal operation an external pullup resistor must be connected between PG and OUT. The
resistor should be in the 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ range. If the power-good function is not used, the PG terminal should
remain unconnected.

absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)

†‡

Supply voltage range at IN to GND and PGND –0.3 V to 3.6 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Voltage range, at OUT, ENABLE, LBI, LBO, PG, FB to GND and PGND –0.3 V to 5.4 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Voltage range at C1+ TO GND –0.3 V to (VO + 0.3 V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Voltage range at C1– TO GND –0.3 V to (VI + 0.3 V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Voltage range at C2+ TO GND –0.3 V to (VO + 0.3 V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Voltage range at C2– TO GND –0.3 V to (VI + 0.3 V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Continuous output current 150 mA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Storage temperature range, T

stg

–55°C to 150°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds 260°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maximum junction temperature, T

J

150°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

†

Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

‡

V

(ENABLE)

, V

(LBI)

, V

(LBO),

and V

(PG)

can exceed VI up to the maximum rated voltage without increasing the leakage current drawn

by these inputs.

(1)
(2)

(3)

(4)