Texas Instruments TPS60123PWPR, TPS60123PWP, TPS60122PWPR, TPS60121PWPR, TPS60122PWP Datasheet

TPS60120, TPS60121, TPS60122, TPS60123

REGULATED 3.3 V, 200-mA HIGH EFFICIENCY CHARGE PUMP

DC/DC CONVERTERS

SLVS257A – NOVEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 1999

1

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

features

D

High Average Efficiency Over Input Voltage
Range Because of Special Switching
Topology

D

Up to 200-mA Output Current (TPS60120
and TPS60121) From an Input Voltage
Range of 1.8-V to 3.6-V

D

No Inductors Required, Low EMI

D

Regulated 3.3-V ± 4% Output

D

Only Four External Components Required

D

55-µA Quiescent Supply Current

D

0.05-µA Shutdown Current

D

Load Disconnected in Shutdown

D

Space-saving, Thermally-Enhanced
PowerPADt Package

D

Evaluation Module Available
(TPS60120EVM-142)

applications

D

Battery-Powered Applications

D

Two Battery Cells to 3.3-V Conversion

D

Portable Instruments

D

Battery-Powered Microprocessor Systems

D

Miniature Equipment

D

Backup-Battery Boost Converters

D

PDA’s, Organizers, Laptops

D

MP-3 Portable Audio Players

D

Handheld Instrumentation

D

Medical Instruments (e.g., Glucose Meters)

D

Cordless Phones

·

description

The TPS6012x step-up, regulated charge pumps
generate a 3.3-V ±4% output voltage from a 1.8-V
to 3.6-V input voltage (two alkaline, NiCd, or NiMH
batteries). The output current is 200 mA for the
TPS60120/TPS60121 and 100 mA for the
TPS60122/TPS60123, all from a 2-V input. Four
external capacitors are needed to build a
complete high efficiency dc/dc charge pump
converter. To achieve the high efficiency over a
wide input voltage range, the charge pump
automatically selects between a 1.5x or doubler
conversion mode. From a 2-V input, all ICs can
start with full load current.

The devices feature the power-saving pulse-skip
mode to extend battery life at light loads.
TPS60120 and TPS60122 include a low battery
comparator. TPS60121 and TPS60123 feature a
power-good output. The logic shutdown function
reduces the supply current to a maximum of 1 µA
and disconnects the load from the input. Special
current-control circuitry prevents excessive cur­rent from being drawn from the battery during
start-up. This dc/dc converter requires no
inductors, therefore EMI is of low concern. It is
available in the small, thermally enhanced 20-pin
PowerP ADt package (PWP).

IO = 66 mA

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6
VI – Input Voltage – V

Efficiency – %

IO = 164 mA

IO = 216 mA

IO = 116 mA

VO = 3.3 V
TC = 25°C

IN
IN

LBI

C1+
C1–
ENABLE

PGND GND

OUT

OUT

FB

LBO

C2+
C2–

C

O

22 µF

C

i

10 µF

Output

3.3 V , 200 mA

C2

2.2 µF

C1

2.2 µF

R1

R2

Input

1.8 V to 3.6 V

OFF/ON

efficiency (TPS60120, TPS60121)

typical operating circuit

R3

TPS60120

Copyright  1999, Texas Instruments Incorporated

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.

PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments Incorporated.

TPS60120, TPS60121, TPS60122, TPS60123
REGULATED 3.3 V, 200-mA HIGH EFFICIENCY CHARGE PUMP
DC/DC CONVERTERS

SLVS257A – NOVEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 1999

2

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11

GND
GND

ENABLE

FB

OUT

C1+

IN

C1–
PGND
PGND

GND
GND
LBI
LBO
OUT
C2+
IN
C2–
PGND
PGND

PWP PACKAGE

(TPS60120/TPS60122)

(TOP VIEW)

Thermal Pad

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11

GND
GND

ENABLE

FB

OUT

C1+

IN

C1–
PGND
PGND

GND
GND
NC
PG
OUT
C2+
IN
C2–
PGND
PGND

PWP PACKAGE

(TPS60121/TPS60123)

(TOP VIEW)

AVAILABLE OPTIONS

T

A

PART NUMBER

†

PACKAGE DEVICE FEATURES

TPS60120PWP

Low battery detector

°

°

TPS60121PWP

20-Pin thermally

2-Cell to 3.3 V, 200 mA

Power good detector

–

40°C to 85°C

TPS60122PWP

PWP

y

enhanced TSSOP

Low battery detector

TPS60123PWP

2-Cell to 3.3 V, 100 mA

Power good detector

†

The PWP package is available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to device type (e.g. TPS60120PWPR) to order quantities of 2000
devices per reel.

TPS60120, TPS60121, TPS60122, TPS60123

REGULATED 3.3 V, 200-mA HIGH EFFICIENCY CHARGE PUMP

DC/DC CONVERTERS

SLVS257A – NOVEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 1999

3

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

functional block diagram

_
+

Charge Pump
Power Stages

IN
C1+

C1–
OUT
PGND
IN

C2+

C2–
OUT
PGND

FB

Oscillator

Control

Circuit

_
+

+
–

V

REF

_
+

+
–

Shutdown/

Start-Up

Control

0.8 V

I

+
–

V

REF

LBI

GND LBO

ENABLE

C1F

C2F

TPS60120/TPS60122

_
+

Charge Pump
Power Stages

IN
C1+

C1–
OUT
PGND

IN
C2+

C2–
OUT
PGND

FB

Oscillator

Control

Circuit

_
+

+
–

V

REF

_
+

+
–

Shutdown/

Start-Up Control

0.8 V

I

+
–

V

REF

GND PG

ENABLE

C1F

C2F

TPS60121/TPS60123

TPS60120, TPS60121, TPS60122, TPS60123
REGULATED 3.3 V, 200-mA HIGH EFFICIENCY CHARGE PUMP
DC/DC CONVERTERS

SLVS257A – NOVEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 1999

4

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

Terminal Functions

TERMINAL

NAME NO.

I/O

DESCRIPTION

C1+ 6 Positive terminal of the flying capacitor C1
C1– 8 Negative terminal of the flying capacitor C1
C2+ 15 Positive terminal of the flying capacitor C2
C2– 13 Negative terminal of the flying capacitor C2

ENABLE 3 I

ENABLE input. Connect ENABLE to IN for normal operation. When ENABLE is a logic low, the device turns off and
the supply current decreases to 0.05 µA. The output is disconnected from the input when the device is placed in
shutdown.

FB 4 I

Feedback input. Connect FB to OUT as close to the load as possible to achieve best regulation. Resistive divider
is on the chip to match the internal reference voltage of 1.21 V .

GND

1, 2,

19, 20

Ground. Analog ground for internal reference and control circuitry. Connect to PGND through a short trace.

IN 7,14 I

Supply input. Connect to an input supply in the 1.8-V to 3.6-V range. Bypass IN to PGND with a (CO/2) µF capacitor.
Connect both IN through a short trace.

LBO/PG 17 O

Low battery detector output or power good output. Open drain output of the low battery or power-good comparator.
It can sink 1 mA. A 100-kΩ to 1-MΩ pullup is recommended. Leave terminal unconnected if not used.

LBI/NC 18 I

Low battery detector input (TPS60120/TPS60122 only). The input is compared to the internal 1.21-V reference
voltage. Connect terminal to ground if the low-battery detector function is not used. On the TPS60121 and
TPS60123, this terminal is not connected.

OUT 5, 16 O

Regulated 3.3-V power output. Connect both OUT terminals through a short trace and bypass OUT to GND with
the output filter capacitor C

O.

PGND 9–12 Power ground. Charge-pump current flows through this pin. Connect all PGND pins together.

detailed description

operating principle

The TPS6012x charge pumps provide a regulated 3.3-V output from a 1.8-V to 3.6-V input. They deliver a
maximum load current of 200 mA or 100 mA, respectively. Designed specifically for space-critical, battery­powered applications, the complete charge pump circuit requires only four external capacitors. The circuit is
optimized for efficiency over a wide input voltage range.

The TPS6012x charge pumps consist of an oscillator, a 1.21-V bandgap reference, an internal resistive
feedback circuit, an error amplifier, high current MOSFET switches, a shutdown/start-up circuit, a low-battery
or power-good comparator, and a control circuit (see the functional block diagram).

The device consists of two single-ended charge pumps. The power stages of the charge pump are automatically
configured to amplify the input voltage with a conversion factor of 1.5 or 2. The conversion ratio depends on
input voltage and output current. With input voltages lower than approximately 2.4 V, the convertor will run in
a voltage doubler mode with a gain of two. With a higher input voltage, the converter operates with a gain of

1.5 V. This assures high efficiency over the wide input voltage range of a two-cell battery stack and is further
described in the

adaptive mode switching

section.

adaptive mode switching

The ON-resistance of the MOSFETs that are in the charge path of the flying capacitors is regulated when the
charge pump operates in voltage doubler-mode. It is changed depending on the output voltage that is fed back
into the control loop. This way, the time-constant during the charging phase can be modified and increased
versus a time-constant for fully switched-on MOSFETs. The ON-resistance of both switches and the
capacitance of the flying capacitor define the time constant. The MOSFET switches in the discharge path of the
charge pump are always fully switched on to their minimum r

DS(on)

. With the time-constant during charge phase
being larger than the time constant in discharge phase, the voltage on the flying capacitors stabilizes to the
lowest possible value necessary to get a stable VO.

TPS60120, TPS60121, TPS60122, TPS60123

REGULATED 3.3 V, 200-mA HIGH EFFICIENCY CHARGE PUMP

DC/DC CONVERTERS

SLVS257A – NOVEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 1999

5

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

adaptive mode switching (continued)

The voltage on the flying capacitors is measured and compared with the supply voltage V

I

. If the voltage across
the flying capacitors is smaller than half of the supply voltage, then the charge pump switches into the 1.5x
conversion-mode. The charge pump switches back from a 1.5x conversion-mode to a voltage doubler mode
if the load current in 1.5x conversion-mode can no more be delivered.

With this control mode the device runs in doubler-mode at low V

I

and in 1.5x conversion-mode at high VI to
optimize the efficiency. The most desirable doubler mode is automatically selected depending on both VI and
IL. This means that at light loads the device selects the 1.5x conversion-mode already at smaller supply voltages
than at heavy loads.

The TPS60120 output voltage is regulated using the

ACTIVE-CYCLE

regulation. An active cycle controlled
Charge pump utilizes two methods to control the output voltage. At high load currents it varies the on resistances
of the internal switches and keeps the ratio ON/OFF time (=frequency) constant. That means the charge pump
runs at a fixed frequency. It also keeps the output voltage ripple as low as in linear-mode. At light loads the
internal resistance and also the amount of energy transferred per pulse is fixed and the charge pump regulates
the voltage by means of a variable ratio of ON-to-OFF time. In this operating point, it runs like a skip mode
controlled charge pump with a very high internal resistance, which also enables a low ripple in this operation
mode. Since the charge pump does effectively switch at lower frequencies at light loads, it achieves a low
quiescent current.

pulse-skip mode

In pulse-skip mode the error amplifier disables switching of the power stages when it detects an output higher
than 3.3 V. The oscillator halts and the IC then skips switching cycles until the output voltage drops below 3.3
V . Then the error amplifier reactivates the oscillator and starts switching the power stages again. The pulse-skip
regulation mode minimizes operating current because it does not switch continuously and deactivates all
functions except bandgap reference, error amplifier, and low-battery/power-good comparator when the output
is higher than 3.3 V . When switching is disabled from the error amplifier , the load is also isolated from the input.
In pulse-skip mode, a special current control circuitry limits the peak current. This assures moderate output
voltage ripple and also prevents the device from drawing excessive current spikes out of the battery.

start-up procedure

During start-up, i.e., when ENABLE is set from logic low to logic high, the output capacitor is charged up with
a limited current until the output voltage V

O

reaches 0.8 × VI. When the start-up comparator detects this voltage
limit, the IC begins switching. This start-up charging of the output capacitor ensures a short start-up time and
eliminates the need of a Schottky diode between IN and OUT. The IC starts with a maximum load, which is
defined by a 16-Ω resistor or 33-Ω resistor, respectively.

shutdown

Driving ENABLE low places the device in shutdown mode. This disables all switches, the oscillator, and control
logic. The device typically draws 0.05 µA (1 µA max) of supply current in this mode. Leakage current drawn from
the output is as low as 1 µA max. The device exits shutdown once ENABLE is set to a high level. The typical
no-load shutdown exit time is 10 µs. When the device is in shutdown, the load is isolated from the input.

undervoltage lockout

The TPS6012x devices have an undervoltage lockout feature that deactivates the device and places it in
shutdown mode when the input voltage falls below 1.6 V.

low-battery detector (TPS60120 and TPS60122)

The internal low-battery comparator trips at 1.21 V ± 5% when the voltage on LBI ramps down. The battery
voltage at which the comparator initiates a low battery warning at the LBO output can easily be programmed
with a resistive divider as shown in Figure 1. The sum of resistors R1 and R2 is recommended to be in the 100
kΩ to 1 MΩ range.

TPS60120, TPS60121, TPS60122, TPS60123
REGULATED 3.3 V, 200-mA HIGH EFFICIENCY CHARGE PUMP
DC/DC CONVERTERS

SLVS257A – NOVEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 1999

6

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

low-battery detector (TPS60120 and TPS60122) (continued)

LBO is an open drain output. An external pullup resistor to OUT , in the 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ range, is recommended.
During start-up, the LBO output signal is invalid for the first 500 µs. LBO is high impedance when the device
is disabled.

If the low-battery comparator function is not used, connect LBI to ground and leave LBO unconnected.

V

(TRIP)

+

1.21 Vǒ1

)

R1
R2

Ǔ

_
+

+
–

V

REF

V

BAT

IN

R1

LBI

R2

LBO

R3

V

O

Figure 1. Programming of the Low-Battery Comparator Trip Voltage

Formulas to calculate the resistive divider for low battery detection, with V

LBI

= 1.15 V – 1.27 V:

R2+1MW

V

LBI

V

Bat

R1+1MW*

R2

Formulas to calculate the minimum and maximum battery voltage that triggers the low battery detector:

V

Bat(min)

+

V

LBI(min)

R1

(min)

)

R2

(max)

R2

(max)

V

Bat(max)

+

V

LBI(max)

R1

(max)

)

R2

(min)

R2

(min)

Table 1. Recommended Values for the Resistive Divider From the E96 Series (±1%),

V

LBI

= 1.15 V – 1.27 V

V

BAT

/V R1/kΩ R2/kΩ V

BAT (MIN)

/V V

BAT(MAX)

/V

1.8 357 732 1.700 –5.66% 1.902 5.67%

1.9 365 634 1.799 –5.32% 2.016 6.11%

2.0 412 634 1.883 –5.86% 2.112 5.6%

2.1 432 590 1.975 –5.95% 2.219 5.67%

2.2 442 536 2.080 –5.45% 2.338 6.27%

Using ±1% accurate resistors, the total accuracy of the trip voltage is about ±6%, considering the ±4% accuracy
the integrated voltage reference adds and considering that not every calculated resistor value is available.

A 100 nF bypass capacitor should be connected in parallel to R2 if large line transients are expected. These
voltage drops can inadvertently trigger the low-battery comparator and produce a wrong low-battery warning
signal at the LBO terminal.

TPS60120, TPS60121, TPS60122, TPS60123

REGULATED 3.3 V, 200-mA HIGH EFFICIENCY CHARGE PUMP

DC/DC CONVERTERS

SLVS257A – NOVEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 1999

7

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

power-good detector (TPS60121 and TPS60123)

The PG terminal is an open-drain output that is pulled low when the output is out of regulation. When the output
voltage rises to about 90% of its nominal voltage, the power-good output is released. PG is high impedance
when the device is disabled. A pullup resistor must be connected between PG and OUT. The pullup resistor
should be in the 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ range. If the power-good function is not used, then PG should remain
unconnected.

C

O

22 µF

Output

3.3 V, 200 mA

Input

1.8 V to 3.6 V

IN
IN

NC

C1+
C1–
ENABLE

PGND GND

OUT
OUT

FB

PG
C2+
C2–

C2

2.2 µF

C1

2.2 µF

Off/On

C

I

10 µF

R1
1 MΩ

TPS60121

Power-Good Output

Figure 2. Typical Operating Circuit Using Power-Good Comparator

absolute maximum ratings (see Note 1)

†

Input voltage range, VI (IN, OUT, ENABLE, FB, LBI, LBO/PG) –0.3 V to 5.5 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Differential input voltage, V

ID

(C1+, C2+ to GND) –0.3 V to (VO + 0.3 V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Differential input voltage, VID (C1–, C2– to GND) –0.3 V to (VI + 0.3 V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Continuous total power dissipation See dissipation rating table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Continuous output current TPS60120, TPS60121 300 mA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Continuous output current TPS60122, TPS60123 150 mA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Storage temperature range, T

stg

–55°C to 150°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10s 260°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maximum junction temperature, T

J

150°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

†

Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

NOTE 1: V

(ENABLE)

, V

(LBI)

and V

(LBO/PG)

can exceed VI up to the maximum rated voltage without increasing the leakage current drawn by these

inputs.

DISSIPATION RATING TABLE 1 FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE (see Figure 3)

PACKAGE

TA ≤ 25_C

POWER RATING

DERATING FACTOR

ABOVE TA = 25_C

TA = 70_C

POWER RATING

TA = 85_C

POWER RATING

PWP 700 mW 5.6 mW/_C 448 mW 364 mW

DISSIPATION RATING TABLE 2 FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE (see Figure 4)

PACKAGE

TC ≤ 62.5_C

POWER RATING

DERATING FACTOR

ABOVE TC = 62.5_C

TC = 70_C

POWER RATING

TC = 85_C

POWER RATING

PWP 25 mW 285.7 mW/_C 22.9 mW 18.5 mW