Texas Instruments TPA3120D2, TPA3124D2 User Manual

1 Fm
SD
MuteControl
TPA3120D2
TPA3120D2
SIMPLIFIED APPLICATIONCIRCUIT
PVCCR
VCLAMP
GAIN1
BYPASS
1 Fm
1 Fm
0.22 Fm
AGND
LeftChannel
RightChannel
10Vto30V
10Vto30V
}
4-StepGain
Control
Shutdown
Control
LIN
RIN
BSR
BSL
PGNDR
PGNDL
0.22 Fm
22 Hm
22 Hm
0.68 Fm
470 Fm
0.68 Fm
1 Fm
470 Fm
GAIN0
AVCC
MUTE
ROUT
LOUT
TPA3120D2
www.ti.com
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
25-W STEREO CLASS-D AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER
1
FEATURES
2
25-W/ch into a 4- Load from a 27-V Supply
20-W/ch into a 4- Load from a 24-V Supply
Operates from 10 V to 30 V
Efficient Class-D Operation Eliminates Need
for Heat Sinks
Four Selectable, Fixed-Gain Settings TPA3120D2 eliminates the need for an external heat
Internal Oscillator (No External Components
Required)
Single-Ended Analog Inputs
Thermal and Short-Circuit Protection With
Auto Recovery
Space-Saving Surface-Mount 24-Pin TSSOP
Package
APPLICATIONS
Televisions
DESCRIPTION
The TPA3120D2 is a 25-W (per channel) efficient, Class-D audio power amplifier for driving stereo speakers in a single-ended configuration or a mono bridge-tied speaker. The TPA3120D2 can drive stereo speakers as low as 4 . The efficiency of the
sink when playing music. The gain of the amplifier is controlled by two gain
select pins. The gain selections are 20, 26, 32, 36 dB.
The patented start-up and shut-down sequences minimize pop noise in the speakers without additional circuitry.
1
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
2 System Two, Audio Precision are trademarks of Audio Precision, Inc.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated
www.ti.com
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12
24 23 22
21 20 19 18 17 16
15 14 13
PVCCL
SD
PVCCL
MUTE
LIN
RIN
BYPASS
AGND AGND
PVCCR
VCLAMP
PVCCR
PGNDL PGNDL LOUT BSL AVCC AVCC GAIN0 GAIN1 BSR ROUT PGNDR PGNDR
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
TERMINAL
NAME
SD 2 I RIN 6 I Audio input for right channel
LIN 5 I Audio input for left channel GAIN0 18 I Gain select least-significant bit. TTL logic levels with compliance to AVCC GAIN1 17 I Gain select most-significant bit. TTL logic levels with compliance to AVCC
MUTE 4 I BSL 21 I/O Bootstrap I/O for left channel
PVCCL 1, 3 P Power supply for left-channel H-bridge, not internally connected to PVCCR or AVCC LOUT 22 O Class-D 1/2-H-bridge positive output for left channel PGNDL 23, 24 P Power ground for left-channel H-bridge VCLAMP 11 P Internally generated voltage supply for bootstrap capacitors BSR 16 I/O Bootstrap I/O for right channel ROUT 15 O Class-D 1/2-H-bridge negative output for right channel PGNDR 13, 14 P Power ground for right-channel H-bridge. PVCCR 10, 12 P Power supply for right-channel H-bridge, not connected to PVCCL or AVCC AGND 9 P Analog ground for digital/analog cells in core AGND 8 P Analog ground for analog cells in core
BYPASS 7 O AVCC 19, 20 P High-voltage analog power supply. Not internally connected to PVCCR or PVCCL Thermal pad Die pad P
2 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated
24-PIN
(PWP)
I/O/P DESCRIPTION
PWP (TSSOP) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
Table 1. TERMINAL FUNCTIONS
Shutdown signal for IC (low = disabled, high = operational). TTL logic levels with compliance to AVCC
Mute signal for quick disable/enable of outputs (high = outputs switch at 50% duty cycle, low = outputs enabled). TTL logic levels with compliance to AVCC
Reference for preamplifier inputs. Nominally equal to AVCC/8. Also controls start-up time via external capacitor sizing.
Connect to ground. Thermal pad should be soldered down on all applications to secure the device properly to the printed wiring board.
Product Folder Link(s): TPA3120D2
www.ti.com
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
V
CC
V
I
V
IN
T
A
T
J
T
stg
R
L
ESD Electrostatic Discharge
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operations of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Supply voltage AVCC, PVCC – 0.3 to 36 V Logic input voltage SD, MUTE, GAIN0, GAIN1 – 0.3 to V Analog input voltage RIN, LIN – 0.3 to 7 V Continuous total power dissipation See Dissipation Ratings table Operating free-air temperature range – 40 to 85 ° C Operating junction temperature range – 40 to 150 ° C Storage temperature range – 65 to 150 ° C Load resistance (minimum value) 3.2
Human-body model (all pins) ± 2 kV Charged-device model (all
pins)
(1)
VALUE UNIT
+ 0.3 V
CC
± 500 V
DISSIPATION RATINGS
PACKAGE
24-pin TSSOP 4.16 W 33.3 mW/ ° C 2.67 W 2.16 W
(1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI
website at www.ti.com .
(2) This data was taken using 1 oz trace and copper pad that is soldered directly to a JEDEC standard high-k PCB. The thermal pad must
be soldered to a thermal land on the printed-circuit board. See the PowerPAD Thermally Enhanced Package application note (SLMA002 ).
(1) (2)
TA≤ 25 ° C DERATING FACTOR TA= 70 ° C TA= 85 ° C
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
V
CC
V
IH
V
IL
I
IH
I
IL
T
A
Supply voltage PVCC, AVCC 10 30 V High-level input voltage SD, MUTE, GAIN0, GAIN1 2 V Low-level input voltage SD, MUTE, GAIN0, GAIN1 0.8 V
High-level input current MUTE, VI= VCC, V
Low-level input current MUTE, VI= 0 V, V
Operating free-air temperature – 40 85 ° C
SD, VI= VCC, V
= 30 V 125
CC
= 30 V 125 μ A
CC
GAIN0, GAIN1, VI= VCC, V SD, VI= 0, V
= 30 V 1
CC
= 30 V 1 μ A
CC
GAIN0, GAIN1, VI= 0 V, V
MIN MAX UNIT
= 24 V 125
CC
= 24 V 1
CC
Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 3
Product Folder Link(s): TPA3120D2
www.ti.com
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
DC CHARACTERISTICS
TA= 25 ° C, V
| V
| (measured differentially in BTL VI= 0 V, AV= 36 dB 7.5 50 mV
OS
V
(BYPASS)
I
CC(q)
I
CC(q)
I
CC(q)
r
DS(on)
G Gain dB
= 24 V, RL= 4 (unless otherwise noted)
CC
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
Class-D output offset voltage mode as shown in Fig 30)
Bypass output voltage No load AVCC/8 V Quiescent supply current SD = 2 V, MUTE = 0 V, No load 23 37 mA Quiescent supply current in
mute mode Quiescent supply current in
shutdown mode Drain-source on-state
resistance
MUTE = 0.8 V, No load 23 mA
SD = 0.8 V , No load 0.39 1 mA
200 m
GAIN1 = 0.8 V
GAIN = 2 V
GAIN0 = 0.8 V 18 20 22 GAIN0 = 2 V 24 26 28 GAIN0 = 0.8 V 30 32 34 GAIN0 = 2 V 34 36 38
Mute Attenuation VI= 1Vrms – 82 dB
AC CHARACTERISTICS
TA= 25 ° C, V
ksvr Supply ripple rejection dB
P
O
THD+N
V
n
SNR Signal-to-noise ratio 99 dB
f
OSC
= 24 V, RL= 4 (unless otherwise noted)
CC
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
V
Output power at 1% THD+N
Output power at 10% THD+N
Total harmonic distortion + noise
Output integrated noise floor
= 24, V
CC
Gain = 20 dB V
= 24 V, RL= 4 , f = 1 kHz 16
CC
V
= 24 V, RL= 8 , f = 1 kHz 8
CC
VCC= 24 V, RL= 4 , f = 1 kHz 20 V
= 24 V, RL= 8 , f = 1 kHz 10
CC
RL= 4 , f = 1 kHz, PO= 10 W 0.08% RL= 8 , f = 1 kHz, PO= 5 W 0.08%
20 Hz to 22 kHz, A-weighted filter, Gain = 20 dB
= 200 mV
ripple
100 Hz – 48
PP
1 kHz – 52
85 μ V
– 80 dBV
Crosstalk PO= 1 W, f = 1 kHz; Gain = 20 dB – 60 dB
Max output at THD+N < 1%, f = 1 kHz,
Gain = 20 dB Thermal trip point 150 ° C Thermal hysteresis 30 ° C Oscillator frequency 230 250 270 kHz
W
4 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Link(s): TPA3120D2
www.ti.com
LS
HS
LS
HS
OSC/RAMP
MUTE
CONTROL
BYPASS
AV
CONTROL
CONTROL
BIAS
THERMAL
SC
DETECT
SC
DETECT
AVDD
AVCC
LIN
RIN
MUTE
BYPASS
GAIN1
GAIN0
SD
BSL
PVCCL
LOUT
PGNDL
VCLAMP
BSR
PVCCR
ROUT
PGNDR
VCLAMP
VCLAMP
AVDD
AVDD
AVDD/2
AVDD
AVDD
AVDD/2
REGULATOR
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
AGND
+
-
+
-
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 5
Product Folder Link(s): TPA3120D2
www.ti.com
f − Frequency − Hz
20 100
1k
10k
THD+N
T
otalHarmonicDistortion+Noise
%
-
-
0.1
10
20k
1
0.01
V =18V
R =4 (SE) Gain=20dB
CC
L
W
P =5W
O
P =2.5W
O
P =1W
O
f − Frequency − Hz
20 100 1k 10k
THD+N
T
otalHarmonicDistortion+Noise
%
-
-
0.1
10
20k
1
0.01
V =24V
R =4 (SE) Gain=20dB
CC
L
W
P =10W
O
P =1W
O
P =5W
O
f − Frequency − Hz
20 100 1k 10k
THD+N
T
otalHarmonicDistortion+Noise
%
-
-
0.1
10
20k
1
0.01
V =24V
R =8 (SE) Gain=20dB
CC
L
W
P =1W
O
P =2.5W
O
P =5W
O
P − OutputPower − W
O
10m 100m 1 10
THD+N
T
otalHarmonicDistortion+Noise
%
-
-
1
40
10
0.01
0.1
V =12V
CC
V =24V
CC
V =18V
CC
R =4 (SE) Gain=20dB
L
W
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
All tests are made at frequency = 1 kHz unless otherwise noted.
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE
vs vs
FREQUENCY FREQUENCY
Figure 1. Figure 2.
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE
vs vs
FREQUENCY OUTPUT POWER
6 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 3. Figure 4.
Product Folder Link(s): TPA3120D2
www.ti.com
THD+N-TotalHarmonicDistortion+Noise-%
P − OutputPower − W
O
R =8 (SE) Gain=20dB
L
W
1
10
0.01
0.1
10m 100m 1 10 40
V =12V
CC
V =24V
CC
V =18V
CC
-100 20 100
1k
20k
f − Frequency − Hz
Crosstalk
dB
-
10k
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
RtoL
L toR
V =18V V =1Vrms
R =4 (SE) Gain=20dB
CC
O
L
W
-300
200
-200
-100
0
100
0
20
5
10
15
20 100k100 200 1k 2k 10k 20k
f − Frequency − Hz
Gain dB
-
Phase
-
o
Gain
Phase
V =24V
R =4 (SE) Gain=20dB
L =33 H
C =1 F
C =470 F
CC
L
filt
filt
dc
W
m
m
m
-100 20 100
1k
20k
f − Frequency − Hz
10k
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Crosstalk
dB
-
L toR
RtoL
V =18V, V =1V,
R =8 , Gain=20dB
CC
O
L
W
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
All tests are made at frequency = 1 kHz unless otherwise noted.
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE CROSSTALK
vs vs
OUTPUT POWER FREQUENCY
Figure 5. Figure 6.
CROSSTALK GAIN/PHASE
vs vs
FREQUENCY FREQUENCY
Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 7
Figure 7. Figure 8.
Product Folder Link(s): TPA3120D2
www.ti.com
-250
200
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
5
22.5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
20 100k100 200 1k 2k 10k 20k
f − Frequency − Hz
Gain dB
-
Phase
-
o
Gain
Phase
V =24V
R =8 (SE) Gain=20dB
L =47 H
C =0.22 F
C =470 F
CC
L
filt
filt
dc
W
m
m
m
V − SupplyVoltage − V
SS
16 26
P
OutputPower
W
O
-
-
22
30
28
4
32
12
THD=10%
THD=1%
R =4 (SE) Gain=20dB
L
W
6
8
2
14
18
10
16
20
24
30
26
1210 14 18 20 22 24 28
THD=10%
THD=1%
V -SupplyVoltage-V
SS
P -OutputPower-W
O
R =8 (SE) Gain=20dB
L
W
16 26 301210
7
14 18 20 22 24 28
17 16
15
14
13 12
11
10
9
6
1
8
5
4
3 2
P − OutputPower − W
O
6 16
Efficiency
%
-
80
20
10
100
30
12V
18V
24V
R =4 (SE) Gain=20dB
L
W
0
40
60
20
50
70
90
20 4 8 10 12 14 18
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
All tests are made at frequency = 1 kHz unless otherwise noted.
GAIN/PHASE OUTPUT POWER
vs vs
FREQUENCY SUPPLY VOLTAGE
Figure 9.
OUTPUT POWER EFFICIENCY
vs vs
SUPPLY VOLTAGE OUTPUT POWER
8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 11. Figure 12.
Product Folder Link(s): TPA3120D2
A. Dashed line represents thermally limited
region.
Figure 10.
www.ti.com
P − OutputPower − W
O
Efficiency
%
-
80
10
100
30
0
40
60
20
50
70
90
12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11
R =8 (SE) Gain=20dB
L
W
12V
18V
24V
P − OutputPower − W
O
I
SupplyCurrent
A
C
C
12 32
1.6
40
0.2
2
0.6
18V
0
0.8
1.2
0.4
1
1.4
1.8
40 8 16 20 24 28 36
R =4 (SE) Gain=20dB
L
W
24V
12V
-120 20 100
1k
20k
f − Frequency − Hz
PowerSupplyRejectionRatio
dB
-
10k
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-50
0
V =24V V =0.2V
R =4 (SE) Gain=20dB
CC
O(ripple) PP
L
W
-40
-30
-20
-10
-60
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25
P -OutputPower-W
O
I -SupplyCurrent- A
CC
12V
18V
24V
R =8 , Gain=20dB
L
W
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
All tests are made at frequency = 1 kHz unless otherwise noted.
EFFICIENCY SUPPLY CURRENT
vs vs
OUTPUT POWER OUTPUT POWER
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
Figure 13. Figure 14.
SUPPLY CURRENT POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO
vs vs
OUTPUT POWER FREQUENCY
Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 9
Figure 15. Figure 16.
Product Folder Link(s): TPA3120D2
www.ti.com
f − Frequency − Hz
20 100 1k 10k
THD+N
T
otalHarmonicDistortion+Noise
%
-
-
0.1
10
20k
1
0.01
0.001
V =24V
R =8 (BTL) Gain=20dB
CC
L
W
P =20W
O
P =1W
O
P =5W
O
R =8 (BTL) Gain=20dB
L
W
P − OutputPower − W
O
10m 100m 1 10
THD+N
T
otalHarmonicDistortion+Noise
%
-
-
1
40
10
0.01
0.1
V =12V
CC
V =24V
CC
V =18V
CC
-200
400
-100
0
100
200
300
-30
30
-20
-10
0
10
20
20 200k100 1k 10k
f-Frequency-Hz
Phase-°
Gain-dB
Phase
Gain
V =24V,
R =8 (BTL), Gain=20dB,
L =33 H,
C =1 F
CC
L
filt
filt
W
m
m
V − SupplyVoltage − V
SS
16 26
P
OutputPower
W
O
-
-
40
30
55
0
65
15
THD=10%
THD=1%
R =8 (BTL) Gain=20dB
L
W
20
30
10
25
35
45
60
50
1210 14 18 20 22 24 28
5
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
All tests are made at frequency = 1 kHz unless otherwise noted.
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE
vs vs
FREQUENCY OUTPUT POWER
Figure 17. Figure 18.
GAIN/PHASE OUTPUT POWER
vs vs
FREQUENCY SUPPLY VOLTAGE
Figure 19.
10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated
A. Dashed line represents thermally limited
region.
Figure 20.
Product Folder Link(s): TPA3120D2
www.ti.com
P − OutputPower − W
O
32
Efficiency
%
-
80
40
10
100
30
R =8 (BTL) Gain=20dB
L
W
0
40
60
20
50
70
90
40 8 16 20 24 28 36
12V
18V
24V
12
-140 20 100
1k
20k
f − Frequency − Hz
PowerSupplyRejectionRatio
dB
-
10k
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
V =24V V =200mV
R =8 (BTL) Gain=20dB
CC
O(ripple)
L
W
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
All tests are made at frequency = 1 kHz unless otherwise noted.
EFFICIENCY POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO
vs vs
OUTPUT POWER FREQUENCY
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
Figure 21. Figure 22.
Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 11
Product Folder Link(s): TPA3120D2
www.ti.com
+V
CC
0V
OutputCurrent
OutputCurrent
+V
CC
0V
+V
CC
0V
+V
CC
0V
–V
CC
DifferentialVoltage
AcrossSpeaker
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
APPLICATION INFORMATION
CLASS-D OPERATION
This section focuses on the class-D operation of the TPA3120D2.
Traditional Class-D Modulation Scheme
The TPA3120D2 operates in AD mode. There are two main configurations that may be used. For stereo operation, the TPA3120D2 should be configured in a single-ended (SE) half-bridge amplifier. For mono applications, TPA3120D2 may be used as a bridge-tied-load (BTL) amplifier. The traditional class-D modulation scheme, which is used in the TPA3120D2 BTL configuration, has a differential output where each output is 180 degrees out of phase and changes from ground to the supply voltage, V output varies between positive and negative V
, where filtered 50% duty cycle yields
CC
0 V across the load. The class-D modulation scheme with voltage and current waveforms is shown in Figure 23 and Figure 24 .
. Therefore, the differential prefiltered
CC
Figure 23. Class-D Modulation for TPA3120D2 SE Configuration
Figure 24. Class-D Modulation for TPA3120D2 BTL Configuration
Supply Pumping
One issue encountered in single-ended (SE) class-D amplifier designs is supply pumping. Power-supply pumping is a rise in the local supply voltage due to energy being driven back to the supply by operation of the class-D amplifier. This phenomenon is most evident at low audio frequencies and when both channels are operating at the same frequency and phase. At low levels, power-supply pumping results in distortion in the audio output due to fluctuations in supply voltage. At higher levels, pumping can cause the overvoltage protection to operate, which temporarily shuts down the audio output.
12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Link(s): TPA3120D2
www.ti.com
C
i
IN
Z
i
Z
f
Input
Signal
f=
1
2 Z Cp
i i
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
Several things can be done to relieve power-supply pumping. The lowest impact is to operate the two inputs out of phase 180 ° and reverse the speaker connections. Because most audio is highly correlated, this causes the supply pumping to be out of phase and not as severe. If this is not enough, the amount of bulk capacitance on the supply must be increased. Also, improvement is realized by hooking other supplies to this node, thereby, sinking some of the excess current. Power-supply pumping should be tested by operating the amplifier at low frequencies and high output levels.
Gain Setting via GAIN0 and GAIN1 Inputs
The gain of the TPA3120D2 is set by two input terminals, GAIN0 and GAIN1. The gains listed in Table 2 are realized by changing the taps on the input resistors and feedback resistors inside
the amplifier. This causes the input impedance (Z are controlled by ratios of resistors, so the gain variation from part-to-part is small. However, the input impedance from part-to-part at the same gain may shift by ± 20% due to shifts in the actual resistance of the input resistors.
For design purposes, the input network (discussed in the next section) should be designed assuming an input impedance of 8 k , which is the absolute minimum input impedance of the TPA3120D2. At the higher gain settings, the input impedance could increase as high as 72 k .
GAIN1 GAIN0 (k ),
0 0 20 60 0 1 26 30 1 0 32 15 1 1 36 9
) to be dependent on the gain setting. The actual gain settings
i
Table 2. Gain Setting
AMPLIFIER GAIN (dB),
TYPICAL
INPUT IMPEDANCE
TYPICAL
INPUT RESISTANCE
Changing the gain setting can vary the input resistance of the amplifier from its smallest value, 10 k ± 20%, to the largest value, 60 k ± 20%. As a result, if a single capacitor is used in the input high-pass filter, the 3-dB cutoff frequency may change when changing gain steps.
The 3-dB frequency can be calculated using Equation 1 . Use the Zivalues given in Table 2 .
(1)
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www.ti.com
f =
c
1
2 Z Cp
i i
–3dB
f
c
C =
i
1
2 Z fp
i c
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
INPUT CAPACITOR, C
In the typical application, an input capacitor (C proper dc level for optimum operation. In this case, C
i
) is required to allow the amplifier to bias the input signal to the
i
and the input impedance of the amplifier (Z
i
) form a
i
high-pass filter with the corner frequency determined in Equation 2 .
The value of Ciis important, as it directly affects the bass (low-frequency) performance of the circuit. Consider the example where Ziis 20 k and the specification calls for a flat bass response down to 20 Hz. Equation 2 is reconfigured as Equation 3 .
In this example, Ciis 0.4 μ F; so, one would likely choose a value of 0.47 μ F as this value is commonly used. If the gain is known and is constant, use Zifrom Table 2 to calculate Ci. A further consideration for this capacitor is the leakage path from the input source through the input network (C
) and the feedback network to the load. This
i
leakage current creates a dc offset voltage at the input to the amplifier that reduces useful headroom, especially in high-gain applications. For this reason, a low-leakage tantalum or ceramic capacitor is the best choice. When polarized capacitors are used, the positive side of the capacitor should face the amplifier input in most applications as the dc level there is held at 2 V, which is likely higher than the source dc level. Note that it is important to confirm the capacitor polarity in the application. Additionally, lead-free solder can create dc offset voltages, and it is important to ensure that boards are cleaned properly.
(2)
(3)
Single-Ended Output Capacitor, C
In single-ended (SE) applications, the dc blocking capacitor forms a high-pass filter with the speaker impedance. The frequency response rolls of with decreasing frequency at a rate of 20 dB/decade. The cutoff frequency is determined by
fc= 1/2 π COZ
Table 3 shows some common component values and the associated cutoff frequencies:
Speaker Impedance ( )
14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated
L
4 680 1000 2200 8 330 470 1000
O
Table 3. Common Filter Responses
C
DC Blocking Capacitor ( μ F)
SE
fc= 60 Hz ( – 3 dB) fc= 40 Hz ( – 3 dB) fc= 20 Hz ( – 3 dB)
Product Folder Link(s): TPA3120D2
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LOUT /ROUT
L
filter
C
filter
LOUT
L
filter
C
filter
L
filter
C
filter
ROUT
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
Output Filter and Frequency Response
For the best frequency response, a flat-passband output filter (second-order Butterworth) may be used. The output filter components consist of the series inductor and capacitor to ground at the LOUT and ROUT pins. There are several possible configurations, depending on the speaker impedance and whether the output configuration is single-ended (SE) or bridge-tied load (BTL). Table 4 lists the recommended values for the filter components. It is important to use a high-quality capacitor in this application. A rating of at least X7R is required.
Table 4. Recommended Filter Output Components
Output Configuration Speaker Impedance ( ) Filter Inductor ( μ H) Filter Capacitor (nF)
Single Ended (SE)
Bridge Tied Load (BTL)
4 22 680 8 47 390 4 10 1500 8 22 680
Figure 25. BTL Filter Configuration Figure 26. SE Filter Configuration
Power-Supply Decoupling, C
S
The TPA3120D2 is a high-performance CMOS audio amplifier that requires adequate power-supply decoupling to ensure that the output total harmonic distortion (THD) is as low as possible. Power-supply decoupling also prevents oscillations for long lead lengths between the amplifier and the speaker. The optimum decoupling is achieved by using two capacitors of different types that target different types of noise on the power-supply leads. For higher-frequency transients, spikes, or digital hash on the line, a good low equivalent-series-resistance (ESR) ceramic capacitor, typically 0.1 μ F to 1 μ F, placed as close as possible to the device V
lead works best. For
CC
filtering lower frequency noise signals, a larger aluminum electrolytic capacitor of 470 μ F or greater placed near the audio power amplifier is recommended. The 470- μ F capacitor also serves as local storage capacitor for supplying current during large signal transients on the amplifier outputs. The PVCC terminals provide the power to the output transistors, so a 470- μ F or larger capacitor should be placed on each PVCC terminal. A 10- μ F capacitor on the AVCC terminal is adequate. These capacitors must be properly derated for voltage and ripple-current rating to ensure reliability.
BSN and BSP Capacitors
The half H-bridge output stages use only NMOS transistors. Therefore, they require bootstrap capacitors for the high side of each output to turn on correctly. A 220-nF ceramic capacitor, rated for at least 25 V, must be connected from each output to its corresponding bootstrap input. Specifically, one 220-nF capacitor must be connected from LOUT to BSL, and one 220-nF capacitor must be connected from ROUT to BSR.
The bootstrap capacitors connected between the BSx pins and their corresponding outputs function as a floating power supply for the high-side N-channel power MOSFET gate-drive circuitry. During each high-side switching cycle, the bootstrap capacitors hold the gate-to-source voltage high enough to keep the high-side MOSFETs turned on.
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TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
VCLAMP Capacitor
To ensure that the maximum gate-to-source voltage for the NMOS output transistors is not exceeded, one internal regulator clamps the gate voltage. One 1- μ F capacitor must be connected from VCLAMP (pin 11) to ground and must be rated for at least 16 V. The voltages at the VCLAMP terminal may vary with V not be used for powering any other circuitry.
VBYP Capacitor Selection
The scaled supply reference (VBYP) nominally provides an AVCC/8 internal bias for the preamplifier stages. The external capacitor for this reference (C start-up or recovery from shutdown mode, C
) is a critical component and serves several important functions. During
BYP
determines the rate at which the amplifier starts. The start up
BYP
time is proportional to 0.5 s per microfarad. Thus, the recommended 1- μ F capacitor results in a start-up time of approximately 500 ms. The second function is to reduce noise produced by the power supply caused by coupling with the output drive signal. This noise could result in degraded power-supply rejection and THD+N.
The circuit is designed for a C
value of 1 μ F for best pop performance. The input capacitors should have the
BYP
same value. A ceramic or tantalum low-ESR capacitor is recommended.
SHUTDOWN OPERATION
The TPA3120D2 employs a shutdown mode of operation designed to reduce supply current (I minimum level during periods of nonuse for power conservation. The SHUTDOWN input terminal should be held high (see specification table for trip point) during normal operation when the amplifier is in use. Pulling SHUTDOWN low causes the outputs to mute and the amplifier to enter a low-current state. Never leave SHUTDOWN unconnected, because amplifier operation would be unpredictable.
For the best power-up pop performance, place the amplifier in the shutdown or mute mode prior to applying the power-supply voltage.
) to the absolute
CC
and may
CC
MUTE Operation
The MUTE pin is an input for controlling the output state of the TPA3120D2. A logic high on this terminal causes the outputs to run at a constant 50% duty cycle. A logic low on this pin enables the outputs. This terminal may be used as a quick disable/enable of outputs when changing channels on a television or transitioning between different audio sources.
The MUTE terminal should never be left floating. For power conservation, the SHUTDOWN terminal should be used to reduce the quiescent current to the absolute minimum level.
USING LOW-ESR CAPACITORS
Low-ESR capacitors are recommended throughout this application section. A real (as opposed to ideal) capacitor can be modeled simply as a resistor in series with an ideal capacitor. The voltage drop across this resistor minimizes the beneficial effects of the capacitor in the circuit. The lower the equivalent value of this resistance, the more the real capacitor behaves like an ideal capacitor.
SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION
The TPA3120D2 has short-circuit protection circuitry on the outputs that prevents damage to the device during output-to-output shorts and output-to-GND shorts after the filter and output capacitor (at the speaker terminal.) Directly at the device terminals, the protection circuitry prevents damage to device during output-to-output, output-to-ground, and output-to-supply. When a short circuit is detected on the outputs, the part immediately disables the output drive. This is an unlatched fault. Normal operation is restored when the fault is removed.
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TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
THERMAL PROTECTION
Thermal protection on the TPA3120D2 prevents damage to the device when the internal die temperature exceeds 150 ° C. There is a ± 15 ° C tolerance on this trip point from device to device. Once the die temperature exceeds the thermal set point, the device enters into the shutdown state and the outputs are disabled. This is not a latched fault. The thermal fault is cleared once the temperature of the die is reduced by 30 ° C. The device begins normal operation at this point with no external system interaction.
PRINTED-CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB) LAYOUT
Because the TPA3120D2 is a class-D amplifier that switches at a high frequency, the layout of the printed-circuit board (PCB) should be optimized according to the following guidelines for the best possible performance.
Decoupling capacitors The high-frequency 0.1- μ F decoupling capacitors should be placed as close to the PVCC (pins 1, 3, 10, and 12) and AVCC (pins 19 and 20) terminals as possible. The VBYP (pin 7) capacitor and VCLAMP (pin 11) capacitor should also be placed as close to the device as possible. Large (220- μ F or greater) bulk power-supply decoupling capacitors should be placed near the TPA3120D2 on the PVCCL and PVCCR terminals.
Grounding The AVCC (pins 19 and 20) decoupling capacitor and VBYP (pin 7) capacitor should each be grounded to analog ground (AGND, pins 8 and 9). The PVCCx decoupling capacitors and VCLAMP capacitors should each be grounded to power ground (PGND, pins 13, 14, 23, and 24). Analog ground and power ground should be connected at the thermal pad, which should be used as a central ground connection or star ground for the TPA3120D2.
Output filter The reconstruction filter (L1, L2, C9, and C16) should be placed as close to the output terminals as possible for the best EMI performance. The capacitors should be grounded to power ground.
Thermal pad The thermal pad must be soldered to the PCB for proper thermal performance and optimal reliability. The dimensions of the thermal pad and thermal land are described in the mechanical section at the back of the data sheet. See TI Technical Briefs SLMA002 and SLOA120 for more information about using the thermal pad. For recommended PCB footprints, see figures at the end of this data sheet.
For an example layout, see the TPA3120D2 Evaluation Module (TPA3120D2EVM) User Manual, (SLOU189 ). Both the EVM user manual and the thermal pad application note are available on the TI Web site at
http://www.ti.com .
Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 17
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VCC
VCC
LeftIn
Shutdown
Control
Mute
Control
RightIn
10 Fm
22 Hm
470 Fm
0.68 Fm
TPA3120TPA3120
PVCCL
1
SD
2
PVCCL
3
MUTE
4
LIN
5
RIN
6
BYPASS
7
AGND
8
AGND
9
PVCCR
10
VCLAMP
11
PVCCR
12
PGNDR
13
PGNDR
14
ROUT
15
BSR
16
GAIN1
17
GAIN0
18
AVCC
19
AVCC
20
BSL
21
LOUT
22
PGNDL
23
PGNDL
24
THERMAL
25
1.0 Fm
+LOUT
0.22 Fm
-ROUT
-LOUT
+ROUT
0.1 Fm
1.0 Fm
470
470
470
F
F
F
m
m
m
1.0 Fm
1.0 Fm
1.0 Fm
1.0 Fm
0.22 Fm
22 Hm
0.68 Fm
+In
-In
+OUT+OUT
-OUT-OUT
VCC
VCC
Shutdown
Control
Mute
Control
10 Fm
22 Hm
470 Fm
0.68 Fm
TPA3120TPA3120
PVCCL
1
SD
2
PVCCL
3
MUTE
4
LIN
5
RIN
6
BYPASS
7
AGND
8
AGND
9
PVCCR
10
VCLAMP
11
PVCCR
12
PGNDR
13
PGNDR
14
ROUT
15
BSR
16
GAIN1
17
GAIN0
18
AVCC
19
AVCC
20
BSL
21
LOUT
22
PGNDL
23
PGNDL
24
THERMAL
25
1.0 Fm
0.22 Fm
0.1 Fm
1.0 Fm
470 Fm
1.0 Fm
1.0 Fm
1.0 Fm
1.0 Fm
0.22 Fm
22 Hm
0.68 Fm
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
Figure 27. Schematic for Single-Ended (SE) Configuration
Figure 28. Schematic for Bridge-Tied (BTL) Configuration
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TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
BASIC MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
This section focuses on methods that use the basic equipment listed below:
Audio analyzer or spectrum analyzer
Digital multimeter (DMM)
Oscilloscope
Twisted-pair wires
Signal generator
Power resistor(s)
Linear regulated power supply
Filter components
EVM or other complete audio circuit
Figure 29 shows the block diagrams of basic measurement systems for class-AB and class-D amplifiers. A sine
wave is normally used as the input signal because it consists of the fundamental frequency only (no other harmonics are present). An analyzer is then connected to the audio power amplifier (APA) output to measure the voltage output. The analyzer must be capable of measuring the entire audio bandwidth. A regulated dc power supply is used to reduce the noise and distortion injected into the APA through the power pins. A System Two™ audio measurement system (AP-II) by Audio Precision™ includes the signal generator and analyzer in one package.
The generator output and amplifier input must be ac-coupled. However, the EVMs already have the ac-coupling capacitors, (C attenuating the test signal, and is important because the input resistance of APAs is not high. Conversely, the analyzer input impedance should be high. The output resistance, R milliohms and can be ignored for all but the power-related calculations.
Figure 29 (a) shows a class-AB amplifier system. It takes an analog signal input and produces an analog signal
output. This amplifier circuit can be directly connected to the AP-II or other analyzer input. This is not true of the class-D amplifier system shown in Figure 29 (b), which requires low-pass filters in most
cases in order to measure the audio output waveforms. This is because it takes an analog input signal and converts it into a pulse-width modulated (PWM) output signal that is not accurately processed by some analyzers.
), so no additional coupling is required. The generator output impedance should be low to avoid
IN
, of the APA is normally in the hundreds of
OUT
Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 19
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Analyzer
20Hz-20kHz
(a)BasicClass-AB
APA
Signal
Generator
PowerSupply
Analyzer
20Hz-20kHz
R
L
(b)TraditionalClass-D
Class-D APA
Signal
Generator
PowerSupply
R
L
L
filt
C
filt
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
Figure 29. Audio Measurement Systems
20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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V
GEN
C
IN
C
L
R
IN
R
GEN
Twisted-PairWire
Generator
EvaluationModule
AudioPower
Amplifier
Twisted-PairWire
R
L
R
ANA
C
ANA
Analyzer
R
ANA
C
ANA
L
filt
C
filt
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
SE Input and SE Output (TPA3120D2 Stereo Configuration)
The SE input and output configuration is used with class-AB amplifiers. A block diagram of a fully SE measurement circuit is shown in Figure 30 . SE inputs normally have one input pin per channel. In some cases, two pins are present; one is the signal and the other is ground. SE outputs have one pin driving a load through an output ac-coupling capacitor and the other end of the load is tied to ground. SE inputs and outputs are considered to be unbalanced, meaning one end is tied to ground and the other to an amplifier input/output.
The generator should have unbalanced outputs, and the signal should be referenced to the generator ground for best results. Unbalanced or balanced outputs can be used when floating, but they may create a ground loop that affects the measurement accuracy. The analyzer should have balanced inputs to cancel out any common-mode noise in the measurement.
Figure 30. SE Input SE Output Measurement Circuit
The following general rules should be followed when connecting to APAs with SE inputs and outputs:
Use an unbalanced source to supply the input signal.
Use an analyzer with balanced inputs.
Use twisted-pair wire for all connections.
Use shielding when the system environment is noisy.
Ensure the cables from the power supply to the APA, and from the APA to the load, can handle the large
currents (see Table 5 ).
Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 21
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C
IN
AudioPower
Amplifier
Generator
C
IN
R
GEN
R
GEN
R
IN
R
IN
V
GEN
Analyzer
R
ANA
R
ANA
C
ANA
R
L
C
ANA
Twisted-PairWire
EvaluationModule
Twisted-PairWire
L
filt
L
filt
C
filt
C
filt
TPA3120D2
SLOS507E – MARCH 2007 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2007
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT AND BTL OUTPUT (TPA3120D2 Mono Configuration)
Many of the class-D APAs and many class-AB APAs have differential inputs and bridge-tied-load (BTL) outputs. Differential inputs have two input pins per channel and amplify the difference in voltage between the pins. Differential inputs reduce the common-mode noise and distortion of the input circuit. BTL is a term commonly used in audio to describe differential outputs. BTL outputs have two output pins providing voltages that are 180 ° out of phase. The load is connected between these pins. This has the added benefits of quadrupling the output power to the load and eliminating a dc-blocking capacitor.
A block diagram of the measurement circuit is shown in Figure 31 . The differential input is a balanced input, meaning the positive (+) and negative ( – ) pins have the same impedance to ground. Similarly, the SE output equates to a balanced output.
Figure 31. Differential Input, BTL Output Measurement Circuit
The generator should have balanced outputs, and the signal should be balanced for best results. An unbalanced output can be used, but it may create a ground loop that affects the measurement accuracy. The analyzer must also have balanced inputs for the system to be fully balanced, thereby cancelling out any common-mode noise in the circuit and providing the most accurate measurement.
The following general rules should be followed when connecting to APAs with differential inputs and BTL outputs:
Use a balanced source to supply the input signal.
Use an analyzer with balanced inputs.
Use twisted-pair wire for all connections.
Use shielding when the system environment is noisy.
Ensure that the cables from the power supply to the APA, and from the APA to the load, can handle the large
currents (see Table 5 ).
Table 5 shows the recommended wire size for the power supply and load cables of the APA system. The real
concern is the dc or ac power loss that occurs as the current flows through the cable. These recommendations are based on 12-inch (30.5-cm)-long wire with a 20-kHz sine-wave signal at 25 ° C.
Table 5. Recommended Minimum Wire Size for Power Cables
P
(W) RL( ) AWG Size
OUT
10 4 18 22 16 40 18 42
2 4 18 22 3.2 8 3.7 8.5 1 8 22 28 2 8 2.1 8.1
< 0.75 8 22 28 1.5 6.1 1.6 6.2
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DC POWER LOSS AC POWER LOSS
(mW) (mW)
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 29-Apr-2009
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device Status
(1)
Package
Type
Package Drawing
Pins Package
Qty
Eco Plan
TPA3120D2PWP NRND HTSSOP PWP 24 60 Green (RoHS &
(2)
Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp
CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR
(3)
no Sb/Br)
TPA3120D2PWPG4 NRND HTSSOP PWP 24 60 Green (RoHS &
CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR
no Sb/Br)
TPA3120D2PWPR NRND HTSSOP PWP 24 2000 Green (RoHS &
CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR
no Sb/Br)
TPA3120D2PWPRG4 NRND HTSSOP PWP 24 2000 Green (RoHS &
CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR
no Sb/Br)
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in
a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check
http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements
for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder
temperature.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 14-Jul-2012
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package
TPA3120D2PWPR HTSSOP PWP 24 2000 330.0 16.4 6.95 8.3 1.6 8.0 16.0 Q1
Type
Package Drawing
Pins SPQ Reel
Diameter
(mm)
Reel
Width
W1 (mm)
A0
(mm)B0(mm)K0(mm)P1(mm)W(mm)
Pin1
Quadrant
Pack Materials-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 14-Jul-2012
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)
TPA3120D2PWPR HTSSOP PWP 24 2000 367.0 367.0 38.0
Pack Materials-Page 2
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TI warrants performance of its components to the specifications applicable at the time of sale, in accordance with the warranty in TI’s terms and conditions of sale of semiconductor products. Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Except where mandated by applicable law, testing of all parameters of each component is not necessarily performed.
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TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right relating to any combination, machine, or process in which TI components or services are used. Information published by TI regarding third-party products or services does not constitute a license to use such products or services or a warranty or endorsement thereof. Use of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual property of the third party, or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI.
Reproduction of significant portions of TI information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration and is accompanied by all associated warranties, conditions, limitations, and notices. TI is not responsible or liable for such altered documentation. Information of third parties may be subject to additional restrictions.
Resale of TI components or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for that component or service voids all express and any implied warranties for the associated TI component or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for any such statements.
Buyer acknowledges and agrees that it is solely responsible for compliance with all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning its products, and any use of TI components in its applications, notwithstanding any applications-related information or support that may be provided by TI. Buyer represents and agrees that it has all the necessary expertise to create and implement safeguards which anticipate dangerous consequences of failures, monitor failures and their consequences, lessen the likelihood of failures that might cause harm and take appropriate remedial actions. Buyer will fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of any TI components in safety-critical applications.
In some cases, TI components may be promoted specifically to facilitate safety-related applications. With such components, TI’s goal is to help enable customers to design and create their own end-product solutions that meet applicable functional safety standards and requirements. Nonetheless, such components are subject to these terms.
No TI components are authorized for use in FDA Class III (or similar life-critical medical equipment) unless authorized officers of the parties have executed a special agreement specifically governing such use.
Only those TI components which TI has specifically designated as military grade or “enhanced plastic” are designed and intended for use in military/aerospace applications or environments. Buyer acknowledges and agrees that any military or aerospace use of TI components which have not been so designated is solely at the Buyer's risk, and that Buyer is solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use.
TI has specifically designated certain components which meet ISO/TS16949 requirements, mainly for automotive use. Components which have not been so designated are neither designed nor intended for automotive use; and TI will not be responsible for any failure of such components to meet such requirements.
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