Texas Instruments TLVH431, TLVH431A, TLVH431B, TLVH432, TLVH432A Datasheet
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TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
TLVH431, TLVH432 Low-Voltage Adjustable Precision Shunt Regulators
1 Features
1
• Low-voltage operation: down to 1.24 V
• Reference voltage tolerances at 25°C
– 0.5% for B grade
– 1% for A grade
– 1.5% for standard grade
• Adjustable output voltage, VO= V
REF
to 18 V
• Wide operating cathode current range:
100 μA to 70 mA
• 0.25-Ω typical output impedance
• –40°C to +125°C specifications
• TLVH432 provides alternative pinouts for
SOT-23-3 and SOT-89 packages
• Ultra-small SC-70 package offers 40%
smaller footprint than SOT-23-3
2 Applications
• Adjustable voltage reference for data Converters
• Secondary side regulation in flyback SMPSs
• Zener replacement with low leakage current
• Voltage monitoring for power rails
• Comparator with integrated reference
3 Description
The TLVH431 and TLVH432 devices are low-voltage
3-terminal adjustable voltage references, with
specified thermal stability over applicable industrial
and commercial temperature ranges. Output voltage
can be set to any value between V
18 V with two external resistors (see Figure 19).
These devices operate from a lower voltage (1.24 V)
than the widely used TL431 and TL1431 shuntregulator references.
When used with an optocoupler, the TLVH431 and
TLVH432 devices are ideal voltage references in
isolated feedback circuits for 3-V to 3.3-V switchingmode power supplies. They have a typical output
impedance of 0.25 Ω. Active output circuitry provides
a very sharp turn-on characteristic, making the
TLVH431 and TLVH432 devices excellent
replacements for low-voltage Zener diodes in many
applications, including on-board regulation and
adjustable power supplies.
The TLVH432 device is identical to the TLVH431
device, but is offered with different pinouts for the
3-pin SOT-23 and SOT-89 packages.
Device Information
PART NUMBER PACKAGE BODY SIZE (NOM)
TLVH43xxDBZ SOT-23 (5) 2.90 mm × 1.60 mm
TLVH43xxDBZ SOT-23 (3) 2.92 mm × 1.30 mm
TLVH43xxDCK SC70 (6) 2.00 mm × 1.25 mm
TLVH43xxLP TO-92 (3) 4.30 mm × 4.30 mm
TLVH43xxPK SOT-89 (3) 4.50 mm × 2.50 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
(1.24 V) and
REF
(1)
Simplified Schematic
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
www.ti.com
Table of Contents
1 Features.................................................................. 1
2 Applications ........................................................... 1
3 Description ............................................................. 1
4 Revision History..................................................... 2
5 Pin Configuration and Functions......................... 3
6 Specifications......................................................... 4
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... 4
6.2 ESD Ratings.............................................................. 4
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions....................... 4
6.4 Thermal Information.................................................. 4
6.5 TLVH43x Electrical Characteristics........................... 5
6.6 TLVH43xA Electrical Characteristics ........................ 6
6.7 TLVH43xB Electrical Characteristics ........................ 7
6.8 Typical Characteristics.............................................. 8
7 Parameter Measurement Information ................ 15
8 Detailed Description............................................ 16
8.1 Overview ................................................................. 16
8.2 Functional Block Diagram....................................... 16
8.3 Feature Description................................................. 17
8.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 18
9 Applications and Implementation ...................... 19
9.1 Application Information............................................ 19
9.2 Typical Applications ................................................ 20
10 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 24
11 Layout................................................................... 24
11.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 24
11.2 Layout Example .................................................... 24
12 Device and Documentation Support................. 25
12.1 Documentation Support ........................................ 25
12.2 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates 25
12.3 Community Resources.......................................... 25
12.4 Related Links ........................................................ 25
12.5 Trademarks........................................................... 25
12.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution............................ 25
12.7 Glossary................................................................ 25
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information........................................................... 25
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision K (September 2016) to Revision L Page
• Added links to applications on TI.com ................................................................................................................................... 1
• Changed Thermal Information................................................................................................................................................ 4
• Changed load capacitance value to better reflect the device behavior................................................................................ 22
Changes from Revision J (January 2015) to Revision K Page
• Changed data sheet title......................................................................................................................................................... 1
• Updated pinout images and Pin Functions table.................................................................................................................... 3
• Deleted D package from Pin Functions table......................................................................................................................... 3
• Added Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates section and Community Resources section.............................. 25
Changes from Revision I (September 2009) to Revision J Page
• Added Applications, Device Information table, Pin Functions table, ESD Ratings table, Thermal Information table,
Typical Characteristics, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation
section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and
Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section.................................................................................................. 1
• Deleted Ordering Information table. ....................................................................................................................................... 1
2
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Product Folder Links: TLVH431 TLVH431A TLVH431B TLVH432 TLVH432A TLVH432B
3 REF
2 ANODE
1 CATHODE
Not to scale
Not to scale
1 CATHODE
2 ANODE
3 REF
3 CATHODE
2 ANODE
1 REF
Not to scale
1CATHODE 6 ANODE
2NC 5 NC
3REF 4 NC
Not to scale
1CATHODE
2REF
3 ANODE
Not to scale
1NC
2*
3CATHODE 4 REF
5 ANODE
Not to scale
1REF
2CATHODE
3 ANODE
Not to scale
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5 Pin Configuration and Functions
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
TLVH431 DBV Package
5-Pin SOT-23
Top View
NC – No internal connection
* Pin 2 is attached to Substrate and must
be connected to ANODE or left open.
TLVH431 DCK Package
6-Pin SC70
Top View
TLVH431 DBZ Package
3-Pin SOT-23
Top View
TLVH432 DBZ Package
3-Pin SOT-23
Top View
TLVH431 PK Package
3-Pin SOT-89
Top View
NAME
CATHODE 2 3 1 1 3 1 1 I/O Shunt Current/Voltage input
REF 1 4 3 3 1 2 3 I Threshold relative to common anode
ANODE 3 5 2 6 2 3 2 O Common pin, normally connected to ground
NC — 1 — 2, 4, 5 — — — I No Internal Connection
* — 2 — — — — — I Substrate Connection
TLVH431 LP Package
3-Pin TO-92
Top View
Pin Functions
PIN
TLVH431 TLVH432
DBZ DBV LP DCK PK DBZ PK
Product Folder Links: TLVH431 TLVH431A TLVH431B TLVH432 TLVH432A TLVH432B
TLVH432 PK Package
3-Pin SOT-89
Top View
TYPE DESCRIPTION
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3
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
www.ti.com
6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
V
KA
I
K
I
ref
T
J
T
stg
Cathode voltage
Cathode current –25 80 mA
Reference current –0.05 3 mA
Operating virtual junction temperature 150 °C
Storage temperature –65 150 °C
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) Voltage values are with respect to the anode terminal, unless otherwise noted.
(2)
6.2 ESD Ratings
V
(ESD)
Electrostatic
discharge
(1) JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
(2) JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001
Charged device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-C101
(1)
MIN MAX UNIT
20 V
VALUE UNIT
(1)
(2)
±2000
±1000
V
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
(1)
See
MIN MAX UNIT
V
I
Cathode voltage V
KA
Cathode current (continuous) 0.1 70 mA
K
REF
18 V
TLVH43x_C 0 70
T
Operating free-air temperature
A
°CTLVH43x_I –40 85
TLVH43x_Q –40 125
(1) Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient
temperature is PD= (TJ(max) – TA) / θJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJof 150°C can affect reliability.
6.4 Thermal Information
TLVH43xx
THERMAL METRIC
(1)
DCK
(SC70)PK(SOT-89)
6 PINS 3 PINS 5 PINS 3 PINS 3 PINS
R
θJA
R
θJC(top)
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 259 52 206 206 140 °C/W
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 87 9 131 76 55 °C/W
(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report.
DBV
(SOT-23)
DBZ
(SOT-23)LP(TO-92)
UNIT
4
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Product Folder Links: TLVH431 TLVH431A TLVH431B TLVH432 TLVH432A TLVH432B
ka ka
V
z z
I
R1
1
R2
D
D
+¢ = » ´
æ ö
ç ÷
è ø
KA
K
ka
V
z
IDD
=
( )
REF( dev)
6
REF A
REF
A
V
10
V T 25 C
ppm
V
C T
´
= °
a =
° D
æ ö
ç ÷
æ ö
è ø
ç ÷
è ø
DV
REF
DV
KA
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
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SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
6.5 TLVH43x Electrical Characteristics
at 25°C free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)
TLVH431
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS
TA= 25°C 1.222 1.24 1.258
V
REF
Reference voltage
VKA= V
IK= 10 mA
REF
,
TA= full range,
See Figure 18
(1)
TLVH431C 1.21 1.27
TLVH431I 1.202 1.278
TLVH431Q 1.194 1.286
TLVH431C 4 12
V
REF(dev)
deviation over full
REF
temperature range
(2)
VKA= V
, IK= 10 mA, See Figure 18
REF
(1)
V
TLVH431Q 11 31
Ratio of V
cathode voltage change
I
ref
Reference terminal current IK= 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open, See Figure 19 0.1 0.5 μA
REF
change to
IK= 10 mA, VK= V
to 18 V, See Figure 19 –1.5 –2.7 mV/V
REF
TLVH431C 0.05 0.3
I
ref(dev)
deviation over full
ref
temperature range
(2)
IK= 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open,
See Figure 19
(1)
I
TLVH431Q 0.15 0.5
I
K(min)
I
K(off)
|zKA| Dynamic impedance
Minimum cathode current
for regulation
Off-state cathode current V
(3)
VKA= V
REF
VKA= V
See Figure 18
, See Figure 18 60 100 μA
REF
= 0, VKA= 18 V, See Figure 20 0.02 0.1 μA
, f ≤ 1 kHz, IK= 0.1 mA to 70 mA,
REF
(1) Full temperature ranges are –40°C to +125°C for TLVH431Q, –40°C to +85°C for TLVH431I, and 0°C to 70°C for TLVH431C.
(2) The deviation parameters V
the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, αV
REF(dev)
and I
are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over
ref(dev)
TLVH432
MIN TYP MAX
0.25 0.4 Ω
, is defined as:
REF
UNIT
V
mVTLVH431I 6 20
μATLVH431I 0.1 0.4
where ΔTAis the rated operating free-air temperature range of the device.
αV
can be positive or negative, depending on whether minimum V
REF
temperature.
or maximum V
REF
, respectively, occurs at the lower
REF
(3) The dynamic impedance is defined as:
When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 19), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is defined as:
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5
ka ka
V
z z
I
R1
1
R2
D
D
+¢ = » ´
æ ö
ç ÷
è ø
KA
K
ka
V
z
IDD
=
( )
REF( dev)
6
REF A
REF
A
V
10
V T 25 C
ppm
V
C T
´
= °
a =
° D
æ ö
ç ÷
æ ö
è ø
ç ÷
è ø
DV
REF
DV
KA
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
6.6 TLVH43xA Electrical Characteristics
at 25°C free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)
TLVH431A
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS
TA= 25°C 1.228 1.24 1.252
V
REF
Reference voltage
VKA= V
IK= 10 mA
REF
,
TA= full range,
See Figure 18
(1)
TLVH431AC 1.221 1.259
TLVH431AI 1.215 1.265
TLVH431AQ 1.209 1.271
TLVH431AC 4 12
V
REF(dev)
deviation over full
REF
temperature range
(2)
VKA= V
, IK= 10 mA, See Figure 18
REF
(1)
V
TLVH431AQ 11 31
Ratio of V
cathode voltage change
I
ref
Reference terminal current IK= 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open, See Figure 19 0.1 0.5 μA
REF
change to
VK= V
to 18 V, IK= 10 mA, See Figure 19 –1.5 –2.7 mV/V
REF
TLVH431AC 0.05 0.3
I
ref(dev)
deviation over full
ref
temperature range
(2)
IK= 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open,
See Figure 19
(1)
I
TLVH431AQ 0.15 0.5
I
K(min)
I
K(off)
|zKA| Dynamic impedance
Minimum cathode current
for regulation
Off-state cathode current V
(3)
VKA= V
REF
VKA= V
See Figure 18
, See Figure 18 60 100 μA
REF
= 0, VKA= 18 V, See Figure 20 0.02 0.1 μA
, f ≤ 1 kHz, IK= 0.1 mA to 70 mA,
REF
(1) Full temperature ranges are –40°C to +125°C for TLVH431Q, –40°C to +85°C for TLVH431I, and 0°C to 70°C for TLVH431C.
(2) The deviation parameters V
the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, αV
REF(dev)
and I
are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over
ref(dev)
TLVH432A
MIN TYP MAX
0.25 0.4 Ω
, is defined as:
REF
www.ti.com
UNIT
V
mVTLVH431AI 6 20
μATLVH431AI 0.1 0.4
where ΔTAis the rated operating free-air temperature range of the device.
αV
can be positive or negative, depending on whether minimum V
REF
temperature.
or maximum V
REF
, respectively, occurs at the lower
REF
(3) The dynamic impedance is defined as:
When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 19), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is defined as:
6
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Product Folder Links: TLVH431 TLVH431A TLVH431B TLVH432 TLVH432A TLVH432B
ka ka
V
z z
I
R1
1
R2
D
D
+¢ = » ´
æ ö
ç ÷
è ø
KA
K
ka
V
z
IDD
=
( )
REF( dev)
6
REF A
REF
A
V
10
V T 25 C
ppm
V
C T
´
= °
a =
° D
æ ö
ç ÷
æ ö
è ø
ç ÷
è ø
DV
REF
DV
KA
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
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SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
6.7 TLVH43xB Electrical Characteristics
at 25°C free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)
TLVH431B
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS
TA= 25°C 1.234 1.24 1.246
V
REF
Reference voltage
VKA= V
IK= 10 mA
REF
,
TA= full range,
See Figure 18
(1)
TLVH431BC 1.227 1.253
TLVH431BI 1.224 1.259
TLVH431BQ 1.221 1.265
TLVH431BC 4 12
V
REF(dev)
deviation over full
REF
temperature range
(2)
VKA= V
, IK= 10 mA, See Figure 18
REF
(1)
V
TLVH431BQ 11 31
Ratio of V
cathode voltage change
I
ref
Reference terminal current IK= 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open, See Figure 19 0.1 0.5 μA
REF
change to
IK= 10 mA, VK= V
to 18 V, See Figure 19 –1.5 –2.7 mV/V
REF
TLVH431BC 0.05 0.3
I
ref(dev)
deviation over full
ref
temperature range
(2)
IK= 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open,
See Figure 19
(1)
I
TLVH431BQ 0.15 0.5
I
K(min)
I
K(off)
|zKA| Dynamic impedance
Minimum cathode current
for regulation
Off-state cathode current V
(3)
VKA= V
REF
VKA= V
, See Figure 18 60 100 μA
REF
= 0, VKA= 18 V, See Figure 20 0.02 0.1 μA
, f ≤ 1 kHz, IK= 0.1 mA to 70 mA, See Figure 18 0.25 0.4 Ω
REF
(1) Full temperature ranges are –40°C to +125°C for TLVH431Q, –40°C to +85°C for TLVH431I, and 0°C to 70°C for TLVH431C.
(2) The deviation parameters V
the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, αV
REF(dev)
and I
are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over
ref(dev)
TLVH432B
MIN TYP MAX
, is defined as:
REF
UNIT
V
mVTLVH431BI 6 20
μATLVH431BI 0.1 0.4
where ΔTAis the rated operating free-air temperature range of the device.
αV
can be positive or negative, depending on whether minimum V
REF
temperature.
or maximum V
REF
, respectively, occurs at the lower
REF
(3) The dynamic impedance is defined as:
When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 19), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is defined as:
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7
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
−50 −25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
VKA= 5 V
V
REF
= 0
TJ− Junction Temperature − °C
− Off-State Cathode Current − nA
I
K(off)
Temperature (qC)
Ik(min)
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
− Cathode Current − mA
70
10
5
0
−5
−10
−15
−1 − 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
I
K
VKA= V
REF
TA= 25°C
VKA− Cathode Voltage − V
~
~
~
~
− Cathode Current −
250
200
150
100
50
0
−200
−250
−1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
I
K
Aµ
V
− Cathode Voltage − V
−50
−100
−150
VKA= V
REF
TA= 25°C
50
70
90
110
130
150
170
190
210
230
250
−50 −25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
IK= 10 mA
R1 = 10 kΩ
R2 = Open
− Reference Input Current − nA
I
ref
TJ− Junction Temperature − °C
1.246
1.242
1.240
1.238
− Reference V
oltage − V
1.250
1.252
1.254
1.248
1.244
−50 − 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
IK= 10 mA
V
ref
TJ− Junction Temperature − °C
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
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6.8 Typical Characteristics
Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions
table are not implied.
Figure 1. Reference Voltage
vs Junction Temperature
Figure 2. Reference Input Current
vs Junction Temperature
Figure 3. Cathode Current
vs Cathode Voltage
Figure 5. Minimum Cathode Current vs. Temperature
8
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Figure 4. Cathode Current
vs Cathode Voltage
Figure 6. Off-State Cathode Current
vs Junction Temperature
200
150
10 100 1 k
− Equivalent Input Noise V
oltage −
EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
vs
FREQUENCY
350
10 k 100 k
300
250
V
n
(nV/
Hz)
VKA= V
REF
IK= 1 mA
TA= 25°C
_
+
820 W
+
2200 mF
750 W
1 kW
470 mF
3 V
TLVH431
TLVH432
TP
160 kW
160 W
TLE2027
TEST CIRCUIT FOR EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
+
f – Frequency – (Hz)
− 0.025
− 0.075
− 0.1
− 0.125
Percentage Change in V
ref − %
0.025
0
− 0.05
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
IK= 1 mA
V
ref
Operating Life at 55°C − kh
(1)
% Change (3
δ
)
% Change (−3
δ
)
% Change (avg)
(1) Extrapolated from life-test data taken at 125°C; the activation energy
assumed is 0.7 eV.
−1.0
−0.9
−0.8
−0.7
−0.6
−0.5
−0.4
−0.3
−0.2
−0.1
0.0
−50 −25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
IK= 10 mA
ΔV
KA
= V
REF
to 18 V
− Ratio of Delta Reference V
oltage
to Delta Cathode V
oltage − mV/V
V
ref/
Δ
V
KA
Δ
TJ− Junction Temperature − °C
−1
0
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
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SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
Typical Characteristics (continued)
Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions
table are not implied.
Figure 7. Ratio of Delta Reference Voltage to Delta Cathode
Voltage
vs Junction Temperature
Product Folder Links: TLVH431 TLVH431A TLVH431B TLVH432 TLVH432A TLVH432B
Figure 8. Percentage Change in V
Figure 9. Equivalent Input Noise Voltage
vs
Operating Life at 55°C
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REF
9
0 2 4 6
t − Time − (s)
EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
OVER A 10-S PERIOD
8 10
10
8
6
4
2
0
−2
−4
−6
−8
−10
f = 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz
IK= 1 mA
TA= 25°C
− Equivalent Input Noise V
oltage −
V
n
V)
(m
_
+
1 mF
750 W
1 kW
470 mF
3 V
TLVH431
TLVH432
33 kW
TLE2027
TEST CIRCUIT FOR 0.1-Hz TO 10-Hz EQUIVALENT NOISE VOLTAGE
+
33 kW
10 kW
_
+
16 W
0.1 mF
160 kW
820 W
+
2200 mF
TP
2.2 mF
CRO
1 MW
TLE2027
0.47 mF
10 kW
+
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions
table are not implied.
Figure 10. Equivalent Input Noise Voltage
10
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Input and Output Voltage − V
Output
R = 18 kΩ
T
A
= 25°C
18 kΩ
50 Ω
GND
Output
Pulse
Generator
f = 100 kHz
TEST CIRCUIT FOR PULSE RESPONSE 1
0 1 2 3 4
PULSE RESPONSE 1
5 6 7 8
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
−0.5
t − Time − µs
Input
I
k
SMALL-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN
/PHASE MARGIN
vs
FREQUENCY
10 mF
GND
Output
180 W
I
K
6.8 kW
1 k 10 k 100 k 1 M100
− Small-Signal V
oltage Gain/Phase Margin − (dB)
f − Frequency − (Hz)
A
V
TEST CIRCUIT FOR VOLTAGE GAIN
AND PHASE MARGIN
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
−10
0°
36°
72°
108°
144°
180°
Phase Shift
4.3 kW
5 V
IK= 10 mA
TA= 25°C
−20
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
www.ti.com
SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
Typical Characteristics (continued)
Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions
table are not implied.
Figure 11. Voltage Gain and Phase Margin
Product Folder Links: TLVH431 TLVH431A TLVH431B TLVH432 TLVH432A TLVH432B
Figure 12. Pulse Response 1
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11
50 W
100 µF
30 kW
I
1
I
K
I
2
C
L
Input and Output Voltage − V
Output
R = 1.8 kΩ
T
A
= 25°C
1.8 kΩ
50 Ω
GND
Output
Pulse
Generator
f = 100 kHz
TEST CIRCUIT FOR PULSE RESPONSE 2
0 1 2 3 4
PULSE RESPONSE 2
5 6 7 8
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
−0.5
t − Time − µs
Input
I
K
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
www.ti.com
Typical Characteristics (continued)
Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions
table are not implied.
Figure 13. Pulse Response 2
Figure 14. Phase Margin Test Circuit
12
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I
K
I
K
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
www.ti.com
SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
Typical Characteristics (continued)
Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions
table are not implied.
Figure 15. Phase Margin vs Capacitive Load
VKA= V
(1.25 V), TA= 25°C
REF
Figure 16. Phase Margin vs Capacitive Load
VKA= 2.50 V, TA= 25°C
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13
I
K
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
www.ti.com
Typical Characteristics (continued)
Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions
table are not implied.
Figure 17. Phase Margin vs Capacitive Load
VKA= 5.00 V, TA= 25°C
14
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I
K(off)
V
O
Input
I
ref
I
K
V
O
Input
V
REF
R1
R2
V
REF
Input
V
O
I
K
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7 Parameter Measurement Information
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
Figure 18. Test Circuit for VKA= V
Figure 19. Test Circuit for VKA> V
, VO= VKA= V
REF
, VO= VKA= V
REF
× (1 + R1/R2) + I
REF
REF
ref
× R1
Figure 20. Test Circuit for I
Product Folder Links: TLVH431 TLVH431A TLVH431B TLVH432 TLVH432A TLVH432B
K(off)
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15
CATHODE
REF
ANODE
V
REF
= 1.24 V
−
+
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
www.ti.com
8 Detailed Description
8.1 Overview
TLVH431 is a low power counterpart to TL431, having lower reference voltage (1.24 V versus 2.5 V) for lower
voltage adjustability and lower minimum cathode current (I
used in conjunction with its key components to behave as a single voltage reference, error amplifier, voltage
clamp or comparator with integrated reference.
TLVH431 is also a higher voltage counterpart to TLV431, with cathode voltage adjustability from 1.24 V to 18 V,
making this part optimum for a wide range of end equipments in industrial, auto, telecom and computing. In order
for this device to behave as a shunt regulator or error amplifier, >100 µA (I
cathode pin. Under this condition, feedback can be applied from the Cathode and Ref pins to create a replica of
the internal reference voltage.
Various reference voltage options can be purchased with initial tolerances (at 25°C) of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%.
These reference options are denoted by B (0.5%), A (1.0%) and blank (1.5%) after the TLVH431.
The TLVH431xC devices are characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C, the TLVH431xI devices are
characterized for operation from –40°C to +85°C, and the TLVH431xQ devices are characterized for operation
from –40°C to +125°C.
8.2 Functional Block Diagram
= 100 µA versus 1 mA). Like TL431, TLVH431 is
k(min)
(max)) must be supplied in to the
min
16
Figure 21. Equivalent Schematic
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REF
Cathode
Anode
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Functional Block Diagram (continued)
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
Figure 22. Detailed Schematic
8.3 Feature Description
TLVH431 consists of an internal reference and amplifier that outputs a sink current base on the difference
between the reference pin and the virtual internal pin. The sink current is produced by an internal Darlington pair.
When operated with enough voltage headroom (≥ 1.24 V) and cathode current (Ika), TLVH431 forces the
reference pin to 1.24 V. However, the reference pin can not be left floating, as it needs Iref ≥ 0.5 µA (see
Specifications). This is because the reference pin is driven into an NPN, which needs base current in order
operate properly.
When feedback is applied from the Cathode and Reference pins, TLVH431 behaves as a Zener diode, regulating
to a constant voltage dependent on current being supplied into the cathode. This is due to the internal amplifier
and reference entering the proper operating regions. The same amount of current needed in the above feedback
situation must be applied to this device in open loop, servo or error amplifying implementations in order for it to
be in the proper linear region giving TLVH431 enough gain.
Unlike many linear regulators, TLVH431 is internally compensated to be stable without an output capacitor
between the cathode and anode. However, if it is desired to use an output capacitor Figure 15, Figure 16, and
Figure 17 can be used as a guide to assist in choosing the correct capacitor to maintain stability.
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17
TLVH431,TLVH431A,TLVH431B
TLVH432,TLVH432A,TLVH432B
SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020
www.ti.com
8.4 Device Functional Modes
8.4.1 Open Loop (Comparator)
When the cathode/output voltage or current of TLVH431 is not being fed back to the reference/input pin in any
form, this device is operating in open loop. With proper cathode current (Ika) applied to this device, TLVH431 has
the characteristics shown in Figure 4. With such high gain in this configuration, the TLVH431 device is typically
used as a comparator. With the reference integrated makes TLVH431 the preferred choice when users are trying
to monitor a certain level of a single signal.
8.4.2 Closed Loop
When the cathode/output voltage or current of TLVH431 is being fed back to the reference/input pin in any form,
this device is operating in closed loop. The majority of applications involving TLVH431 use it in this manner to
regulate a fixed voltage or current. The feedback enables this device to behave as an error amplifier, computing
a portion of the output voltage and adjusting it to maintain the desired regulation. This is done by relating the
output voltage back to the reference pin in a manner to make it equal to the internal reference voltage, which can
be accomplished through resistive or direct feedback.
18
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