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TLC2654
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TEXAS INSTRUMENTS TLC2654, TLC2654A Technical data

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TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
D
0.5 µV (Peak-to-Peak) Typ, f = 0 to 1 Hz
1.5 µV (Peak-to-Peak) Typ, f = 0 to 10 Hz 47 nV/√Hz Typ, f = 10 Hz 13 nV/√Hz
D
High Chopping Frequency . . . 10 kHz Typ
D
No Clock Noise Below 10 kHz
D
No Intermodulation Error Below 5 kHz
D
Low Input Offset Voltage
Typ, f = 1 kHz
10 µV Max (TLC2654A)
D
Excellent Offset Voltage Stability With Temperature . . . 0.05 µV/°C Max
D
AVD. . . 135 dB Min (TLC2654A)
D
CMRR...110 dB Min (TLC2654A)
D
k
. . . 120 dB Min (TLC2654A)
SVR
D
Single-Supply Operation
D
Common-Mode Input Voltage Range Includes the Negative Rail
D
No Noise Degradation With External Capacitors Connected to V
D
Available in Q-Temp Automotive
DD–
D, JG, OR P PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
V
V
C
DD–
C C
DD–
1
XA
IN–
2
IN+
3 4
D, J, OR N PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
1
XB
2
XA
NC
3
IN–
4
IN+
5
NC
6 7
FK PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
XA
CCNC
XB
8 7 6 5
14 13 12 11 10
INT/EXT
C
XB
V
DD+
OUT CLAMP
INT/EXT CLK IN CLK OUT V
DD+
OUT CLAMP
9 8
C RETURN
CLK IN
HighRel Automotive Applications Configuration Control/Print Support Qualification to Automotive Standards
description
The TLC2654 and TLC2654A are low-noise chopper-stabilized operational amplifiers using the Advanced LinCMOS process. Combining this process with chopper-stabilization circuitry makes excellent dc precision possible. In addition, circuit techniques are added that give the TLC2654 and TLC2654A noise performance
NC NC
IN–
NC
IN+
NC – No internal connection
3 2 1 20 19
4 5 6 7 8
910111213
NC
NC
DD –
V
CLK OUT
18
NC
17
V
16
DD+
NC
15
OUT
14
CLAMP
C RETURN
unsurpassed by similar devices. Chopper-stabilization techniques provide for extremely high dc precision by continuously nulling input offset voltage even during variations in temperature, time, common-mode voltage, and power-supply voltage. The high chopping frequency of the TLC2654 and TLC2654A (see Figure 1) provides excellent noise performance in a frequency spectrum from near dc to 10 kHz. In addition, intermodulation or aliasing error is eliminated from frequencies up to 5 kHz.
This high dc precision and low noise, coupled with the extremely high input impedance of the CMOS input stage, makes the TLC2654 and TLC2654A ideal choices for a broad range of applications such as low-level, low-frequency thermocouple amplifiers and strain gauges and wide-bandwidth and subsonic circuits. For applications requiring even greater dc precision, use the TLC2652 or TLC2652A devices, which have a chopping frequency of 450 Hz.
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
Advanced LinCMOS is a trademark of Texas Instruments Incorporated.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
Copyright 1999, Texas Instruments Incorporated
On products compliant to MIL-PRF-38535, all parameters are tested unless otherwise noted. On all other products, production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.
1
TLC2654, TLC2654A
VIOmax
10 µV
TLC2654AC-8D
TLC2654ACP
TLC2654AC-14D
TLC2654ACN
20 mV
TLC2654C-8D
—
TLC2654CP
TLC2654C-14D
—
TLC2654CN
—
10 µV
TLC2654AI-8D
TLC2654AIP
TLC2654AI-14D
TLC2654AIN
20 µV
TLC2654I-8D
—
TLC2654IP
TLC2654I-14D
—
TLC2654IN
—
10 µV
TLC2654AQ-8D
20 µV
TLC2654Q-8D
—————
—
10 µV
TLC2654AM-8D
TLC2654AMJG
TLC2654AMP
TLC2654AM-14D
TLC2654AMJ
TLC2654AMN
TLC2654AMFK
20 µV
TLC2654M-8D
TLC2654MJG
TLC2654MP
TLC2654M-14D
TLC2654MJ
TLC2654MN
TLC2654MFK
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
description (continued)
EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
vs
The TLC2654 and TLC2654A common-mode input voltage range includes the negative rail,
10 k
FREQUENCY
thereby providing superior performance in either single-supply or split-supply applications, even at power supply voltage levels as low as ±2.3 V.
Two external capacitors are required to operate the device; however, the on-chip chopper-control circuitry is transparent to the user. On devices in the 14-pin and 20-pin packages, the control circuitry is accessible, allowing the user the option
nV/ Hz
1 k
Typical 250-Hz Chopper-Stabilized Operational Amplifier
of controlling the clock frequency with an external frequency source. In addition, the clock threshold of the TLC2554 and TLC2654A requires no level
100
TLC2654
shifting when used in the single-supply configura­tion with a normal CMOS or TTL clock input.
n
V
Innovative circuit techniques used on the TLC2654 and TLC2654A allow exceptionally fast overload recovery time. An output clamp pin is
Vn – Equivalent Input Noise Voltage – nV/XXVZ
10
1 10 100
f – Frequency – Hz
available to reduce the recovery time even further.
Figure 1
The device inputs and outputs are designed to withstand –100-mA surge currents without sustaining latch-up. In addition, the TLC2654 and TLC2654A incorporate internal ESD-protection circuits that prevent functional failures at voltages up to 2000 V as tested under MIL-STD-883C, Method 3015; however, exercise care in handling these devices, as exposure to ESD may result in degradation of the device parametric performance.
1 k
The C-suffix devices are characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C. The I-suffix devices are characterized for operation from –40°C to 85°C. The Q-suffix devices are characterized for operation from –40°C to 125°C. The M-suffix devices are characterized for operation over the full military temperature range of –55°C to125°C.
AVAILABLE OPTIONS
PACKAGED DEVICES
V
T
A
0°C
to
70°C
–40°C
to
85°C
–40°C
to
125°C –55°C
to
125°C
max
AT 25°C
SMALL
OUTLINE
(D)
-
-
-
-
The 8-pin and 14-pin D packages are available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to device type (e.g., TLC2654AC-8DR).
8 PIN 14 PIN 20 PIN
CERAMIC
DIP
(JG)
— —
— —
— —
PLASTIC
DIP
(P)
— —
SMALL
OUTLINE
(D)
-
-
— —
-
CERAMIC
DIP
(J)
— —
— —
— —
PLASTIC
DIP
(N)
— —
CERAMIC
DIP
(FK)
— —
— —
— —
2
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
functional block diagram
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
V
DD+
11
Clamp
5
IN+
IN–
4
+
–
C
XB
7
B
A
1
C RETURN
B
A
Null
V
DD–
Pin numbers shown are for the D (14 pin), J, and N packages.
Main
8
+ –
B 2
C
XA
Circuit
Compensation-
Biasing
Circuit
External Components
9
CLAMP
10
OUT
C
IC
A
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
3
TLC2654, TLC2654A
PACKAGE
A
)
D (8 in)
)
725 mW
5.8 mW/ C
464 mW
377 mW
145 mW
()
UNIT
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
Supply voltage, V Supply voltage, V Differential input voltage, V
(see Note 1) 8 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DD+
(see Note 1) –8 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DD–
(see Note 2) ±16 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ID
†
Input voltage, VI (any input, see Note 1) ±8 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Voltage range on CLK IN and INT/EXT V Input current, I
(each input) ±5 mA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I
DD–
to V
DD–
+ 5.2 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Output current, IO ±50 mA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Duration of short-circuit current at (or below) 25°C (see Note 3) unlimited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current into CLK IN and INT/EXT
±5 mA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Continuous total dissipation See Dissipation Rating Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating free-air temperature range, TA: C suffix 0°C to 70°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I suffix –40°C to 85°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Q suffix –40°C to 125°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M suffix –55°C to 125°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Storage temperature range –65°C to 150°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Case temperature for 60 seconds: FK package 260°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds: D, N, or P package 260°C. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 60 seconds: J or JG package 300°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
†
Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
NOTES: 1. All voltage values, except differential voltages, are with respect to the midpoint between V
2. Differential voltages are at IN+ with respect to IN–.
3. The output may be shorted to either supply. Temperature and/or supply voltages must be limited to ensure that the maximum dissipation rating is not exceeded.
DD+
and V
DD–
.
T
≤ 25°C DERATING FACTOR T
POWER RATING ABOVE TA = 25°CAPOWER RATINGAPOWER RATINGAPOWER RATING
D (8 pin
D (14 pin
FK 1375 mW 11.0 mW/°C 880 mW 715 mW 275 mW
J 1375 mW 11.0 mW/°C 880 mW 715 mW 275 mW
JG 1050 mW 8.4 mW/°C 672 mW 546 mW 210 mW
N 1150 mW 9.2 mW/°C 736 mW 598 mW 230 mW P 1000 mW 8.0 mW/°C 640 mW 520 mW 200 mW
725 mW 5.8 mW/°C 464 mW 377 mW 145 mW 950 mW
recommended operating conditions
C SUFFIX I SUFFIX Q SUFFIX M SUFFIX
MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX
Supply voltage, V Common-mode input voltage, V Clock input voltage V Operating free-air temperature, T
DD±
±2.3 ±8 ±2.3 ±8 ±2.3 ±8 ±2.3 ±8 V
V
IC
DD–VDD+ DD–
A
V
0 70 –40 85 –40 125 –55 125 °C
DISSIPATION RATING TABLE
7.6 mW/°C
–2.3 V
+5 V
DD–
DD–VDD+ DD–
608 mW
V
DD–
= 70°C T
–2.3 V
+5 V
DD–VDD+ DD–
= 85°C T
494 mW
V
DD–
–2.3 V
+5 V
DD–VDD+ DD–
= 125°C
190 mW
–2.3 V
V
DD–
+5 V
4
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
T
†
UNIT
V
g
V
Full range
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05µV/°C
IIOInput offset current
pA
IIBInput bias current
pA
V
R
Ω
Full range
t
t
V
V
R
See Note 6
V
V
g
R
See Note 6
V
A
gg
V
R
kΩ
dB
Clamp on-state current
R
100 kΩ
A
Clamp off-state current
V
4 V to 4 V
pA
CMRR
j
V
V
dB
k
ygj
DD±
,
dB
IDDSupply current
V
No load
mA
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
electrical characteristics at specified free-air temperature, V
A
Input offset voltage
IO
(see Note 4)
α
†
Full range is 0°C to 70°C.
NOTES: 4. This parameter is not production tested full range. Thermocouple ef fects preclude measurement of the actual VIO of these devices
Temperature coefficient of
VIO
input offset voltage Input offset voltage
long-term drift (see Note 5)
p
p
Common-mode input
ICR
voltage range Maximum positive peak
OM+
output voltage swing Maximum negative peak
OM–
output voltage swing Large-signal differential
VD
voltage amplification Internal chopping
frequency
p
p
Common-mode rejection ratio
Supply voltage rejection V
SVR
ratio (∆V
pp
in high-speed automated testing. VIO is measured to a limit determined by the test equipment capability at the temperature extremes. The test ensures that the stabilization circuitry is performing properly.
5. T ypical values are based on the input offset voltage shift observed through 168 hours of operating life test at TA = 150°C extrapolated to TA = 25° using the Arrhenius equation and assuming an activation energy of 0.96 eV .
6. Output clamp is not connected.
DD±
/∆VIO)
VIC = 0, RS = 50 Ω
= 50
S
= 10 kΩ,
L
= 10 kΩ,
L
= ±4 V,
O
=
L
= –
O
VO = 0,
=
IC
ICR
RS = 50 Ω
= ±2.3 V to ±8 V,
VO = 0, RS = 50 Ω
= 0,
O
min,
= 10
L
25°C 5 20 4 10
Full range 34 24
25°C 25°C 30 30
Full range 150 150
25°C 50 50
Full range 150 150
25°C 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.8
Full range 4.7 4.7
25°C –4.7 –4.9 –4.7 –4.9
Full range –4.7 –4.7
25°C 120 155 135 155
Full range 120 130
25°C 10 10 kHz 25°C 25 25
Full range 25 25
25°C 100 100
Full range 100 100
25°C 105 125 110 125
Full range 105 110
25°C 110 125 120 125
Full range 110 120
25°C 1.5 2.4 1.5 2.4
Full range 2.5 2.5
MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX
–5
2.7
= ±5 V (unless otherwise noted)
DD±
TLC2654C TLC2654AC
0.003 0.06 0.003 0.02 µV/mo
o
–5
2.7
o
µ
°
p
p
µ
p
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
5
TLC2654, TLC2654A
PARAMETER
TEST
T
†
UNIT
SR+Positive slew rate at unity gain
V/µs
R C
SR–Negative slew rate at unity gain
C
L
100 F
V/µs
V
qg
25°C
V/√H
V
q
25°C
V
,
L
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
operating characteristics at specified free-air temperature, V
TEST
CONDITIONS
VO = ±2.3 V,
= 10 kΩ,
L
= 100 pF
=
n
N(PP)
I
n
φ
m
†
Full range is 0°C to 70°C.
NOTE 7: This parameter is tested on a sample basis for the TLC2654A. For other test requirements, please contact the factory. This statement
Equivalent input noise voltage (see Note 7)
Peak-to-peak equivalent input noise voltage
Equivalent input noise current f = 10 kHz 25°C 0.004 0.004 pA/√Hz
Gain-bandwidth product
Phase margin at unity gain
has no bearing on testing or nontesting of other parameters.
f = 10 Hz f = 1 kHz f = 0 to 1 Hz f = 0 to 10 Hz
f = 10 kHz, RL = 10 kΩ, CL = 100 pF
RL = 10 kΩ, CL = 100 pF
A
25°C 1.5 2 1.5 2
Full range 1.3 1.3
25°C 2.3 3.7 2.3 3.7
Full range 1.7 1.7
°
°
25°C 1.9 1.9 MHz
25°C 48° 48°
MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX
= ±5 V
DD±
TLC2654C TLC2654AC
47 47 75 13 13 20
0.5 0.5
1.5 1.5
n
z
µ
6
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
T
†
UNIT
V
g
V
Full range
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05µV/°C
IIOInput offset current
pA
IIBInput bias current
pA
V
R
Ω
Full range
t
t
V
V
R
See Note 6
V
V
g
R
10 kΩ
See Note 6
V
A
gg
V
R
kΩ
dB
Clamp on-state current
R
100 kΩ
A
Clamp off-state current
V
V
pA
CMRR
j
V
V
i
dB
k
ygj
DD±
,
dB
IDDSupply current
V
No load
mA
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
electrical characteristics at specified free-air temperature, V
A
Input offset voltage
IO
(see Note 4)
α
†
Full range is –40°C to 85°C
NOTES: 4. This parameter is not production tested full range. Thermocouple effects preclude measurement of the actual VIO of these devices
Temperature coefficient of
VIO
input offset voltage Input offset voltage
long-term drift (see Note 5)
p
p
Common-mode input
ICR
voltage range
Maximum positive peak
OM+
output voltage swing Maximum negative peak
OM–
output voltage swing Large-signal differential
VD
voltage amplification Internal chopping
frequency
p
p
Common-mode rejection ratio
Supply voltage rejection V
SVR
ratio (∆V
pp
in high-speed automated testing. VIO is measured to a limit determined by the test equipment capability at the temperature extremes. The test ensures that the stabilization circuitry is performing properly.
5. T ypical values are based on the input offset voltage shift observed through 168 hours of operating life test at TA = 150°C extrapolated to TA = 25°C using the Arrhenius equation and assuming an activation energy of 0.96 eV .
6. Output clamp is not connected.
DD±
/∆VIO)
VIC = 0, RS = 50 Ω
= 50
S
= 10 kΩ,
L
=
L
O
=
L
O
VO = 0,
IC
RS = 50 Ω
VO = 0, RS = 50 Ω
O
,
= ±4 V,
= –4 V to 4
=
= 0,
n,
m
ICR
= ± 2.3 V to ±8 V,
= 10
L
25°C 5 20 4 10
Full range 40 30
25°C 25°C 30 30
Full range 200 200
25°C 50 50
Full range 200 200
25°C 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.8
Full range 4.7 4.7
25°C –4.7 –4.9 –4.7 –4.9
Full range –4.7 –4.7
25°C 120 155 135 155
Full range 120 125
25°C 10 10 kHz 25°C 25 25
Full range 25 25
25°C 100 100
Full range 100 100
25°C 105 125 110 125
Full range 105 110
25°C 110 125 120 125
Full range 110 120
25°C 1.5 2.4 1.5 2.4
Full range 2.5 2.5
MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX
–5
2.7
= ±5 V (unless otherwise noted)
DD ±
TLC2654I TLC2654AI
0.003 0.06 0.003 0.02 µV/mo
o
–5
o
2.7
µ
°
p
p
µ
p
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
7
TLC2654, TLC2654A
PARAMETER
T
†
UNIT
SR+Positive slew rate at unity gain
V/µs
R C
SR–Negative slew rate at unity gain
C
L
100 F
V/µs
V
qg
25°C
V/√H
V
q
25°C
V
,
f 10 kHz,
L
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
operating characteristics at specified free-air temperature, V
TEST
CONDITIONS
VO = ±2.3 V,
= 10 kΩ,
L
= 100 pF
=
n
N(PP)
I
n
φ
m
†
Full range is –40°C to 85°C.
NOTE 7: This parameter is tested on a sample basis for the TLC2654A. For other test requirements, please contact the factory. This statement
Equivalent input noise voltage (see Note 7)
Peak-to-peak equivalent input noise voltage
Equivalent input noise current f = 10 kHz 25°C 0.004 0.004 pA/√Hz
Gain-bandwidth product
Phase margin at unity gain
has no bearing on testing or nontesting of other parameters.
f = 10 Hz f = 1 kHz f = 0 to 1 Hz f = 0 to 10 Hz
f = 10 kHz RL = 10 kΩ, CL = 100 pF
RL = 10 kΩ, CL = 100 pF
A
25°C 1.5 2 1.5 2
Full range 1.2 1.2
25°C 2.3 3.7 2.3 3.7
Full range 1.5 1.5
°
°
25°C 1.9 1.9 MHz
25°C 48° 48°
MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX
= ±5 V
DD±
TLC2654I TLC2654AI
47 47 75 13 13 20
0.5 0.5
1.5 1.5
n
z
µ
8
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
†
T
A
V
g
V
Full range
0.01
0.05∗0.01
0.05
∗
V/°C
IIOInput offset current
pA
IIBInput bias current
pA
C
5to5
ICR
voltage range
S
g
V
R
See Note 6
V
V
g
R
See Note 6
V
A
gg
V
R
kΩ
dB
Clamp on-state current
R
100 kΩ
A
Clamp off-state current
V
V
pA
CMRR
j
V
V
i
dB
k
ygj
DD±
,
dB
IDDSupply current
V
No load
mA
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
electrical characteristics at specified free-air temperature, V
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS
Input offset voltage
IO
(see Note 4)
α
V
∗ On products complaint to MIL-STD-883, Class B, this parameter is not production tested. †
Full range is –40° to 125°C for Q suffix, –55° to 125°C for M suffix.
NOTES: 4. This parameter is not production tested full range. Thermocouple effects preclude measurement of the actual VIO of these devices
Temperature coefficient of
VIO
input offset voltage Input offset voltage
long-term drift (see Note 5)
p
p
ICR
OM+
OM–
VD
SVR
ommon-mode input
Maximum positive peak output voltage swing
Maximum negative peak output voltage swing
Large-signal differential voltage amplification
Internal chopping frequency
p
p
Common-mode rejection ratio
Supply voltage rejection V ratio (∆V
pp
in high-speed automated testing. VIO is measured to a limit determined by the test equipment capability at the temperature extremes. The test ensures that the stabilization circuitry is performing properly.
5. T ypical values are based on the input offset voltage shift observed through 168 hours of operating life test at TA = 150°C extrapolated to TA = 25°C using the Arrhenius equation and assuming an activation energy of 0.96 eV .
6. Output clamp is not connected.
DD±
/∆VIO)
VIC = 0, RS = 50 Ω
RS = 50 Ω Full range
= 10 kΩ,
L
= 10 kΩ,
L
= ±4 V,
O
=
L
= –4 V to 4
O
VO = 0,
=
IC
ICR
RS = 50 Ω
= ±2.3 V to ±8 V,
VO = 0, RS = 50 Ω
= 0,
O
= 10
L
n,
m
T
MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX
25°C 5 20 4 10
Full range 50 40
25°C 25°C 30 30
Full range 500 500
25°C 50 50
Full range 500 500
–5 –5
2.7 2.7
25°C 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.8
Full range 4.7 4.7
25°C –4.7 –4.9 –4.7 –4.9
Full range –4.7 –4.7
25°C 120 155 135 155
Full range 120 120
25°C 10 10 kHz 25°C 25 25
Full range 25 25
25°C 100 100
Full range 500 500
25°C 105 125 110 125
Full range 105 110
25°C 110 125 110 125
Full range 105 110
25°C 1.5 2.4 1.5 2.4
Full range 2.5 2.5
= ±5 V (unless otherwise noted)
DD ±
TLC2654Q TLC2654M
0.003 0.06
∗
TLC2654AQ TLC2654AM
0.003 0.02∗µV/mo
to
UNIT
µ
µ
p
p
V
µ
p
°
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
9
TLC2654, TLC2654A
†
SR+Positive slew rate at unity gain
V/µs
V
R
C
100 pF
SR–Negative slew rate at unity gain
V/µs
VnEquivalent input noise voltage
V/√H
V
q
V
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
operating characteristics at specified free-air temperature, V
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS
= ±2.3 V,
O
p
N(PP)
I
n
φ
m
†
Full range is –40° to 125°C for Q suffix, –55° to 125°C for M suffix.
Peak-to-peak equivalent input noise voltage
Equivalent input noise current f = 1 kHz 25°C 0.004 pA/√Hz Gain-bandwidth product f = 10 kHz, RL = 10 kΩ, CL = 100 pF 25°C 1.9 MHz Phase margin at unity gain RL = 10 kΩ, CL = 100 pF 25°C 48°
f = 10 Hz 25°C 47 f = 1 kHz 25°C 13 f = 0 to 1 Hz 25°C 0.5 f = 0 to 10 Hz
= 10 kΩ,
L
=
L
= ±5 V
DD±
T
25°C 1.5 2
Full range 1.1
p
25°C 2.3 3.7
Full range 1.3
25°C 1.5
TLC2654Q TLC2654M
A
TLC2654AQ TLC2654AM
MIN TYP MAX
UNIT
n
z
µ
10
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
IIOInput offset current
gq y
vs Common mode in ut voltage
6
IB
gq y
VOMMaximum peak output voltage swing
AVDLarge-signal differential voltage amplification
qy
Chopping frequenc
yg
IDDSupply current
yg
IOSShort-circuit output current
yg
SR
Slew rate
yg
Pulse response
g
Gain-bandwidth product
yg
φmPhase margin
yg
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Table of Graphs
FIGURE
V
IO
I
IB
V
O(PP)
CMRR Common-mode rejection ratio vs Frequency 13
V
N(PP)
V
n
k
SVR
Input offset voltage Distribution 2 Normalized input offset voltage vs Chopping frequency 3
p
Input bias current
Clamp current vs Output voltage 9
p
Maximum peak-to-peak output voltage swing vs Frequency 12
pp
pp
p
Peak-to-peak input noise voltage vs Chopping frequency 26, 27 Equivalent input noise voltage vs Frequency 28 Supply voltage rejection ratio vs Frequency 29
Phase shift vs Frequency 14
p
p
y
p
p
vs Chopping frequency 4 vs Free-air temperature 5
vs Common-mode input voltage 6 vs Chopping frequency vs Free-air temperature 8
vs Output current 10 vs Free-air temperature 11
vs Frequency 14 vs Free-air temperature 15
vs Supply voltage 16 vs Free-air temperature 17
vs Supply voltage 18 vs Free-air temperature 19
vs Supply voltage 20 vs Free-air temperature 21
vs Supply voltage 22 vs Free-air temperature 23
Small signal 24 Large signal 25
vs Supply voltage 30 vs Free-air temperature 31
vs Supply voltage 32 vs Load capacitance 33
7
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11
TLC2654, TLC2654A Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
DISTRIBUTION OF TLC2654
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE
20
456 Units Tested From 4 Wafer Lots V
= ±5 V
DD±
TA = 25°C
16
N Package
12
8
Percentage of Units – %
4
0
–20 –16 –12 – 8 – 4 0 4 8 12 16 20
VIO – Input Offset Voltage – µV
†
NORMALIZED INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE
vs
CHOPPING FREQUENCY
40
V
= ± 5 V
DD±
µV
IO
VIO – Normalized Input Offset Voltage – uV
V
VIC = 0 TA = 25°C
30
20
10
0
–10
100 1K 10K 100K
Chopping Frequency – Hz
Figure 2
INPUT OFFSET CURRENT
CHOPPING FREQUENCY
140
V
= ±5 V
DD±
VIC = 0
120
TA = 25°C
100
80
60
40
IO
IIO – Input Offset Current – pA
I
20
0
100 1 k 10 k
Chopping Frequency – Hz
Figure 4
vs
100 k
Figure 3
INPUT OFFSET CURRENT
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
100
V
= ±5 V
DD±
VIC = 0
80
60
40
IO
IIO – Input Offset Current – pA
I
20
0
25 45 65 85
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
Figure 5
vs
105 125
†
Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.
12
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TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
INPUT BIAS CURRENT
vs
COMMON-MODE INPUT VOLTAGE
1000
V
= ±5 V
DD±
TA = 25°C
100
IB
IIB – Input Bias Current – pA
I
10
– 4 – 2 0 2 4
– 5 – 3 –1 1 3 5
VIC – Common-Mode Input Voltage – V
†
INPUT BIAS CURRENT
vs
CHOPPING FREQUENCY
100
V
= ±5 V
DD±
VIC = 0 TA = 25°C
80
60
40
IB
I
IIB – Input Bias Current – pA
20
0
100 1 k 10 k 100 k
Chopping Frequency – Hz
Figure 6
INPUT BIAS CURRENT
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
100
V
= ±5 V
DD±
VIC = 0
80
60
40
IB
IIB – Input Bias Current – pA
I
20
0
25 45 65 85
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
Figure 8
vs
105 125
Aµ
100
10
1
100 nA
10 nA
1 nA
|Clamp Current|
100 pA
10 pA
1 pA
V TA = 25°C
Aµ
Aµ
4 4.2 4.4 4.6
Figure 7
CLAMP CURRENT
vs
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
= ±5 V
DD±
Positive Clamp Current
Negative Clamp Current
|VO| – Output Voltage – V
Figure 9
4.8 5
†
Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.
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13
TLC2654, TLC2654A Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
MAXIMUM PEAK OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
OUTPUT CURRENT
5
4.8
V
OM+
4.6
4.4
– Maximum Peak Output Voltage – V
4.2
OM
V
4
0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2
|IO| – Output Current – mA
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAXIMUM PEAK OUTPUT VOLTAGE
5
V
= ±5 V
DD±
TA = 25°C
2.5
V
OM–
0
– 2.5
– Maximum Peak Output Voltage – V
OM
V
– 5
–75 – 50 – 25 0 25 50
†
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
V
OM+
V
OM–
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
V
= ±5 V
DD±
RL = 10 kΩ
75 100 125
Figure 10
MAXIMUM PEAK-TO-PEAK OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
FREQUENCY
10
8
TA = –55°C
6
TA = 125°C
4
2
V
= ±5 V
DD±
RL = 10 kΩ
O(PP)
0
V
VO(PP) – Maximum Peak-to-Peak Output Voltage – V
100 1 k 10 k
f – Frequency – Hz
100 k 1 M
Figure 12
Figure 11
COMMOM-MODE REJECTION RATIO
vs
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
CMRR – Common-Mode Rejection Ratio – dB
0
10 100 1 k 10 k
FREQUENCY
f – Frequency – Hz
Figure 13
V
= ±5 V
DD±
TA = 25°C
†
Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.
14
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TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
LARGE-SIGNAL DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE
AMPLIFICATION AND PHASE SHIFT
vs
FREQUENCY
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
–20
–40
10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
VD
AVD – Large-Signal Differential Voltage Amplification – dB
A
Phase Shift
V
= ±5 V
DD±
RL = 10 kΩ CL = 100 pF TA = 25°C
A
VD
f – Frequency – Hz
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
160
V
DD±
RL = 10 kΩ VO = ±4 V
158
156
154
152
150
VD
AVD – Large-Signal Differential Voltage Amplification – dB
A
– 50 25 75
– 75
1 M 10 M
60°
80°
100°
120°
140°
160°
180°
200°
220°
Phase Shift
†
LARGE-SIGNAL DIFFERENTIAL
VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
= ±5 V
– 25 0 50
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
100 125
Figure 14
CHOPPING FREQUENCY
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
11.4
11
10.6
10.2
Chopping Frequency – kHz
9.8
9.4 012345
|V
| – Supply Voltage – V
DD±
Figure 16
vs
TA = 25°C
678
Figure 15
CHOPPING FREQUENCY
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
10.5 V
= ±5 V
DD±
10
9.5
9
Chopping Frequency – kHz
8.5 –75 – 50 – 25 0 25 50
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
Figure 17
vs
75 100 125
†
Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.
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15
TLC2654, TLC2654A Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
2
VO = 0 No Load
1.6
1.2
0.8
DD
IDD – Supply Current – mA
I
0.4
0
146
0235
|VDD ±| – Supply Voltage – V
Figure 18
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 25°C
TA = –55°C
TA = 125°C
78
DD
IDD – Supply Current – mA
I
†
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
2
V
= ±7.5 V
DD±
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4 VO = 0
No Load
0
–75 – 25 0 50
V
= ±5 V
DD±
V
= ±2.5 V
DD±
– 50 25 75
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
Figure 19
100 125
SHORT-CIRCUIT OUTPUT CURRENT
vs
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
12
VO = 0 TA = 25°C
8
4
0
– 4
– 8
OS
IOS – Short-Circuit Output Current – mA
I
–12
012345
|VDD ±| – Supply Voltage – V
VID = –100 mV
VID = 100 mV
Figure 20
678
SHORT-CIRCUIT OUTPUT CURRENT
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
15
V
= ±5 V
DD±
VO = 0
10
5
0
– 5
–10
OS
IOS – Short-Circuit Output Current – mA
I
–15
–75 – 50 – 25 0 25 50
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
VID = –100 mV
VID = 100 mV
Figure 21
75 100 125
†
Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.
16
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TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
5
4
µsV/
3
2
SR – Slew Rate – V/us
1
RL = 10 kΩ CL = 100 pF TA = 25°C
0
0
1234 567
|VDD ±| – Supply Voltage – V
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SLEW RATE
vs
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
SR–
SR+
†
SLEW RATE
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
4
SR–
3
µsV/
SR+
2
SR – Slew Rate – V/us
1
V
= ±5 V
DD±
RL = 10 kΩ CL = 100 pF
8
0 –75 –50 –25
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
02550
75 100 125
O
V
VO – Output Voltage – mV
100
75
50
25
– 25
– 50
–75
–100
Figure 22
VOLTAGE-FOLLOWER
SMALL-SIGNAL
PULSE RESPONSE
4
3
2
V
= ±5 V
DD±
0
RL = 10 kΩ CL = 100 pF TA = 25°C
0123
t – Time – µs
5
46
7
1
0
–1
O
V
VO – Output Voltage – V
– 2
– 3
– 4
Figure 24
Figure 23
VOLTAGE-FOLLOWER
LARGE-SIGNAL
PULSE RESPONSE
V
= ±5 V
DD±
RL = 10 kΩ CL = 100 pF TA = 25°C
0
51015202530
t – Time – µs
Figure 25
35 40
†
Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
17
TLC2654, TLC2654A Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
1.8
µV
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
N(PP)
V
VN(PP) – Peak-to-Peak Input Noise Voltage – uV
0
0246810
50
nV/ Hz
40
PEAK-TO-PEAK INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
vs
CHOPPING FREQUENCY
V
= ±5 V
DD±
RS = 20 Ω f = 0 to 1 Hz TA = 25°C
Chopping Frequency – kHz
Figure 26
EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
vs
FREQUENCY
V
= ±5 V
DD±
RS = 20 Ω TA = 25°C
5
µV
4
3
2
1
N(PP)
V
VN(PP) – Peak-to-Peak Input Noise Voltage – uV
0
0246
140
120
PEAK-TO-PEAK INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
vs
CHOPPING FREQUENCY
V
= ±5 V
DD±
RS = 20 Ω f = 0 to 10 Hz TA = 25°C
810
Chopping Frequency – kHz
Figure 27
SUPPLY VOLTAGE REJECTION RATIO
vs
FREQUENCY
V
= ±2.3 V to ±8 V
DD±
TA = 25°C
18
30
20
10
n
V
VN – Equivalent Input Noise Voltage – xxxxxx
0
1 10 100
f – Frequency – Hz
Figure 28
100
80
60
40
20
SVR
kSVR – Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio – dB
k
0
1 k
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
10 k
10
k
SVR+
k
SVR–
100 1 k 10 k
f – Frequency – Hz
Figure 29
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
GAIN-BANDWIDTH PRODUCT
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
2.1 RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF TA = 25°C
2
1.9
Gain-Bandwidth Product – MHz
1.8
012345
|V
| – Supply Voltage – V
DD±
Figure 30
vs
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
2.6
2.4
2.2
2
1.8
1.6
Gain-Bandwidth Product – MHz
1.4
1.2
678
–75 – 50 – 25 0 25 50
†
GAIN-BANDWIDTH PRODUCT
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
V
DD±
RL = 10 kΩ CL = 100 pF
75 100 125
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
Figure 31
= ±5 V
PHASE MARGIN
vs
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
60°
RL = 10 kΩ CL = 100 pF
50°
TA = 25°C
40°
30°
– Phase Margin
20°
m
φ
10°
0°
0235
|V
| – Supply Voltage – V
DD±
Figure 32
78146
LOAD CAPACITANCE
60°
50°
40°
30°
– Phase Marginφ
m
20°
10°
0°
0 200 400 600
CL – Load Capacitance – pF
PHASE MARGIN
vs
Figure 33
V
= ±5 V
DD±
RL = 10 kΩ TA = 25°C
800 1000
†
Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.
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TLC2654, TLC2654A Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
APPLICATION INFORMATION
capacitor selection and placement
Leakage and dielectric absorption are the two important factors to consider when selecting external capacitors CXA and CXB. Both factors can cause system degradation, negating the performance advantages realized by using the TLC2654.
Degradation from capacitor leakage becomes more apparent with increasing temperatures. Low-leakage capacitors and standoffs are recommended for operation at TA = 125°C. In addition, guard bands are recommended around the capacitor connections on both sides of the printed-circuit board to alleviate problems caused by surface leakage on circuit boards.
Capacitors with high dielectric absorption tend to take several seconds to settle upon application of power, which directly affects input offset voltage. In applications needing fast settling of input voltage, high-quality film capacitors such as mylar, polystyrene, or polypropylene should be used. In other applications, a ceramic or other low-grade capacitor can suffice.
Unlike many choppers available today , the TLC2654 is designed to function with values of C
and CXB in the
XA
range of 0.1 µF to 1 µF without degradation to input offset voltage or input noise voltage. These capacitors should be located as close as possible to C choppers, connecting these capacitors to V
and CXB and return to either V
XA
causes degradation in noise performance; this problem is
DD –
or C RETURN. On many
DD–
eliminated on the TLC2654.
internal/external clock
The TLC2654 has an internal clock that sets the chopping frequency to a nominal value of 10 kHz. On 8-pin packages, the chopping frequency can only be controlled by the internal clock; however , on all 14-pin packages and the 20-pin FK package the device chopping frequency can be set by the internal clock or controlled externally by use of the INT/EXT external clocking is desired, connect INT/EXT to V
and CLK IN. To use the internal 10-kHz clock, no connection is necessary . If
and the external clock to CLK IN. The external clock trip
DD–
point is 2.5 V above the negative rail; however, CLK IN can be driven from the negative rail to 5 V above the negative rail. This allows the TLC2654 to be driven directly by 5-V TTL and CMOS logic when operating in the single-supply configuration. If this 5-V level is exceeded, damage could occur to the device unless the current into CLK IN is limited to ±5 mA. A divide-by-two frequency divider interfaces with CLK IN and sets the chopping frequency . The chopping frequency
0
V TA = 25°C
DD±
= ±5 V
appears on CLK OUT.
overload recovery/output clamp
When large differential-input-voltage conditions are applied to the TLC2654, the nulling loop attempts to prevent the output from saturating by driving CXA and CXB to internally-clamped voltage levels. Once the overdrive condition is removed, a period of time is required to allow the built-up charge to dissipate. This time period is defined as overload recovery time (see Figure 34). Typical overload recovery time for the TLC2654 is significantly faster than competitive products; however, this time can be reduced further by use of internal clamp circuitry accessible through CLAMP if required.
– 5
O
V
0
I
VI – Input Voltage – mV VO – Output Voltage – V
– 50
V
0 10203040
t – Time – ms
50 60 70 80
Figure 34. Overload Recovery
20
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Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
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APPLICATION INFORMATION
overload recovery/output clamp (continued)
The clamp is a switch that is automatically activated when the output is approximately 1 V from either supply rail. When connected to the inverting input (in parallel with the closed-loop feedback resistor), the closed-loop gain is reduced and the TLC2654 output is prevented from going into saturation. Since the output must source or sink current through the switch (see Figure 9), the maximum output voltage swing is slightly reduced.
thermoelectric effects
To take advantage of the extremely low offset voltage temperature coefficient of the TLC2654, care must be taken to compensate for the thermoelectric effects present when two dissimilar metals are brought into contact with each other (such as device leads being soldered to a printed-circuit board). It is not uncommon for dissimilar metal junctions to produce thermoelectric voltages in the range of several microvolts per degree Celsius (orders of magnitude greater than the 0.01 µV/°C typical of the TLC2654).
To help minimize thermoelectric effects, pay careful attention to component selection and circuit-board layout. Avoid the use of nonsoldered connections (such as sockets, relays, switches, etc.) in the input signal path. Cancel thermoelectric effects by duplicating the number of components and junctions in each device input. The use of low-thermoelectric-coefficient components, such as wire-wound resistors, is also beneficial.
latch-up avoidance
Because CMOS devices are susceptible to latch-up due to their inherent parasitic thyristors, the TLC2654 inputs and outputs are designed to withstand –100-mA surge currents without sustaining latch-up; however, techniques to reduce the chance of latch-up should be used whenever possible. Internal protection diodes should not, by design, be forward biased. Applied input and output voltages should not exceed the supply voltage by more than 300 mV . Care should be exercised when using capacitive coupling on pulse generators. Supply transients should be stunted by the use of decoupling capacitors (0.1 µF typical) located across the supply rails as close to the device as possible.
The current path established if latch-up occurs is usually between the supply rails and is limited only by the impedance of the power supply and the forward resistance of the parasitic thyristor. The chance of latch-up occurring increases with increasing temperature and supply voltage.
electrostatic-discharge protection
The TLC2654 incorporates internal ESD-protection circuits that prevent functional failures at voltages at or below 2000 V. Care should be exercised in handling these devices, as exposure to ESD may result in degradation of the device parametric performance.
theory of operation
Chopper-stabilized operational amplifiers offer the best dc performance of any monolithic operational amplifier . This superior performance is the result of using two operational amplifiers — a main amplifier and a nulling amplifier – plus oscillator-controlled logic and two external capacitors to create a system that behaves as a single amplifier. With this approach, the TLC2654 achieves submicrovolt input offset voltage, submicrovolt noise voltage, and offset voltage variations with temperature in the nV/°C range.
The TLC2654 on-chip control logic produces two dominant clock phases: a nulling phase and an amplifying phase. The term chopper-stabilized derives from the process of switching between these two clock phases. Figure 35 shows a simplified block diagram of the TLC2654. Switches A and B are make-before-break types.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
21
TLC2654, TLC2654A Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
APPLICATION INFORMATION
theory of operation (continued)
During the nulling phase, switch A is closed, shorting the nulling amplifier inputs together and allowing the nulling amplifier to reduce its own input offset voltage by feeding its output signal back to an inverting input node. Simultaneously , external capacitor C remain nulled during the amplifying phase.
IN+ IN–
Pin numbers shown are for the D (14 pin), J, and N packages.
stores the nulling potential to allow the offset voltage of the amplifier to
XA
A
B
Main
+ –
10
OUT
C
XB
7
V
DD–
C
XA
5 4
B
A
Null
+ –
Figure 35. TLC2654 Simplified Block Diagram
During the amplifying phase, switch B is closed, connecting the output of the nulling amplifier to a noninverting input of the main amplifier. In this configuration, the input offset voltage of the main amplifier is nulled. Also, external capacitor CXB stores the nulling potential to allow the offset voltage of the main amplifier to remain nulled during the next nulling phase.
This continuous chopping process allows offset voltage nulling during variations in time and temperature and over the common-mode input voltage range and power supply range. In addition, because the low-frequency signal path is through both the null and main amplifiers, extremely high gain is achieved.
The low-frequency noise of a chopper amplifier depends on the magnitude of the component noise prior to chopping and the capability of the circuit to reduce this noise while chopping. The use of the Advanced LinCMOS process, with its low-noise analog MOS transistors and patent-pending input stage design, significantly reduces the input noise voltage.
The primary source of nonideal operation in chopper-stabilized amplifiers is error charge from the switches. As charge imbalance accumulates on critical nodes, input offset voltage can increase especially with increasing chopping frequency . This problem has been significantly reduced in the TLC2654 by use of a patent-pending compensation circuit and the Advanced LinCMOS process.
The TLC2654 incorporates a feed-forward design that ensures continuous frequency response. Essentially , the gain magnitude of the nulling amplifier and compensation network crosses unity at the break frequency of the main amplifier. As a result, the high-frequency response of the system is the same as the frequency response of the main amplifier. This approach also ensures that the slewing characteristics remain the same during both the nulling and amplifying phases.
The primary limitation on ac performance is the chopping frequency . As the input signal frequency approaches the chopper’s clock frequency, intermodulation (or aliasing) errors result from the mixing of these frequencies. To avoid these error signals, the input frequency must be less than half the clock frequency. Most choppers available today limit the internal chopping frequency to less than 500 Hz in order to eliminate errors due to the charge imbalancing phenomenon mentioned previously . However , to avoid intermodulation errors on a 500-Hz chopper, the input signal frequency must be limited to less than 250 Hz.
22
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
APPLICATION INFORMATION
theory of operation (continued)
The TLC2654 removes this restriction on ac performance by using a 10-kHz internal clock frequency . This high chopping frequency allows amplification of input signals up to 5 kHz without errors due to intermodulation and greatly reduces low-frequency noise.
THERMAL INFORMATION
temperature coefficient of input offset voltage
Figure 36 shows the effects of package-included thermal EMF. The TLC2654 can null only the offset voltage within its nulling loop. There are metal-to-metal junctions outside the nulling loop (bonding wires, solder joints, etc.) that produce EMF . In Figure 36, a TLC2654 packaged in a 14-pin plastic package (N package) was placed in an oven at 25°C at t = 0, biased up, and allowed to stabilize. At t = 3 min, the oven was turned on and allowed to rise in temperature to 125°C. As evidenced by the curve, the overall change in input offset voltage with temperature is less than the specified maximum limit of 0.05 µV/°C.
8
0.08
4
Vµ
0
– 4
– 8
– 12
– Input Offset Voltage –
IO
V
– 15
– 18
0 3 6 9 12 15 18
0.04 C
°
V/µ
Input Offset Voltage – uV/C
VIO
aVIO – Temperature Coefficient of
α
4
IN–
100 Ω 5
IN+
0.1 µF
Pin numbers shown are for the D (14-pin), J, and N packages.
t – Time – min
21 24 27 30
0
– 0.04
– 0.12
– 0.16
– 0.2
Figure 36. Effects of Package-Induced Thermal EMF
–
+
50 kΩ
0.1 µF
50 kΩ
5 V
–5 V
VIO = VO/1000
10– 0.08
OUT
V
O
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
23
TLC2654, TLC2654A Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
MECHANICAL DATA
D (R-PDSO-G**) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE
14 PINS SHOWN
0.050 (1,27)
14
1
0.069 (1,75) MAX
A
0.020 (0,51)
0.014 (0,35)
0.010 (0,25)
0.004 (0,10)
DIM
8
7
PINS **
0.010 (0,25)
0.157 (4,00)
0.150 (3,81)
M
0.244 (6,20)
0.228 (5,80)
Seating Plane
0.004 (0,10)
8
14
0.008 (0,20) NOM
0°–8°
16
Gage Plane
0.010 (0,25)
0.044 (1,12)
0.016 (0,40)
A MAX
A MIN
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).
24
B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion, not to exceed 0.006 (0,15). D. Falls within JEDEC MS-012
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
0.197
(5,00)
0.189
(4,80)
0.344 (8,75)
0.337 (8,55)
0.394
(10,00)
0.386
(9,80)
4040047/D 10/96
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
MECHANICAL DATA
FK (S-CQCC-N**) LEADLESS CERAMIC CHIP CARRIER
28 TERMINAL SHOWN
A SQ
B SQ
20
22
23
24
25
19
21
12826 27
12
1314151618 17
0.020 (0,51)
0.010 (0,25)
MIN
0.342
(8,69)
0.442
0.640
0.739
0.938
1.141
A
0.358
(9,09)
0.458
(11,63)
0.660
(16,76)
0.761
(19,32)(18,78)
0.962
(24,43)
1.165
(29,59)
NO. OF
TERMINALS
**
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
432
20
28
44
52
68
84
0.020 (0,51)
0.010 (0,25)
(11,23)
(16,26)
(23,83)
(28,99)
MINMAX
0.307
(7,80)
0.406
(10,31)
0.495
(12,58)
0.495
(12,58)
0.850
(21,6)
1.047
(26,6)
0.080 (2,03)
0.064 (1,63)
B
MAX
0.358 (9,09)
0.458
(11,63)
0.560
(14,22)
0.560
(14,22)
0.858 (21,8)
1.063 (27,0)
0.055 (1,40)
0.045 (1,14)
0.028 (0,71)
0.022 (0,54)
0.050 (1,27)
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).
B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. This package can be hermetically sealed with a metal lid. D. The terminals are gold plated.
E. Falls within JEDEC MS-004
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
0.045 (1,14)
0.035 (0,89)
0.045 (1,14)
0.035 (0,89)
4040140/D 10/96
25
TLC2654, TLC2654A Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
MECHANICAL DATA
J (R-GDIP-T**) CERAMIC DUAL-IN-LINE PACKAGE
14 PIN SHOWN
14
1
0.065 (1,65)
0.045 (1,14)
0.100 (2,54)
0.070 (1,78)
PINS **
DIM
A MAX
B
8
C
7
0.020 (0,51) MIN
0.200 (5,08) MAX
A MIN
B MAX
B MIN
C MAX
C MIN
Seating Plane
0.310
(7,87)
0.290
(7,37)
0.785
(19,94)
0.755
(19,18)
0.300A0.300
(7,62)
0.245
(6,22)
0.310
(7,87)
0.290
(7,37)
0.785
(19,94)
0.755
(19,18)
(7,62)
0.245
(6,22)
181614
0.310
(7,87)
0.290
(7,37)
0.910
(23,10)
0.300
(7,62)
0.245
(6,22)
20
0.310
(7,87)
0.290
(7,37)
0.975
(24,77)
0.930
(23,62)
0.300
(7,62)
0.245
(6,22)
0.100 (2,54)
0.023 (0,58)
0.015 (0,38)
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).
B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. This package can be hermetically sealed with a ceramic lid using glass frit. D. Index point is provided on cap for terminal identification only on press ceramic glass frit seal only. E. Falls within MIL STD 1835 GDIP1-T14, GDIP1-T16, GDIP1-T18, GDIP1-T20, and GDIP1-T22.
0.130 (3,30) MIN
0°–15°
0.014 (0,36)
0.008 (0,20)
4040083/D 08/98
26
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
MECHANICAL DATA
JG (R-GDIP-T8) CERAMIC DUAL-IN-LINE PACKAGE
0.400 (10,20)
0.355 (9,00)
0.063 (1,60)
0.015 (0,38)
0.100 (2,54)
8
1
5
4
0.065 (1,65)
0.045 (1,14)
0.020 (0,51) MIN
0.280 (7,11)
0.245 (6,22)
0.200 (5,08) MAX
0.130 (3,30) MIN
0.023 (0,58)
0.015 (0,38)
0.310 (7,87)
0.290 (7,37)
Seating Plane
0°–15°
0.014 (0,36)
0.008 (0,20)
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).
B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. This package can be hermetically sealed with a ceramic lid using glass frit. D. Index point is provided on cap for terminal identification only on press ceramic glass frit seal only.
E. Falls within MIL-STD-1835 GDIP1-T8
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
4040107/C 08/96
27
TLC2654, TLC2654A Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
MECHANICAL DATA
N (R-PDIP-T**) PLASTIC DUAL-IN-LINE PACKAGE
16 PIN SHOWN
16
1
0.035 (0,89) MAX
PINS **
DIM
A
9
0.260 (6,60)
0.240 (6,10)
8
0.070 (1,78) MAX
0.020 (0,51) MIN
0.200 (5,08) MAX
A MAX
A MIN
Seating Plane
14
0.775
(19,69)
0.745
(18,92)
16
0.775
(19,69)
0.745
(18,92)
18
0.920
(23.37)
0.850
(21.59)
20
0.975
(24,77)
0.940
(23,88)
0.310 (7,87)
0.290 (7,37)
0.100 (2,54)
0.021 (0,53)
0.015 (0,38)
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).
B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. Falls within JEDEC MS-001 (20 pin package is shorter then MS-001.)
0.010 (0,25)
M
0.125 (3,18) MIN
0°–15°
0.010 (0,25) NOM
14/18 PIN ONL Y
4040049/C 08/95
28
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999
MECHANICAL DATA
P (R-PDIP-T8) PLASTIC DUAL-IN-LINE PACKAGE
0.400 (10,60)
0.355 (9,02)
58
0.260 (6,60)
0.240 (6,10)
41
0.070 (1,78) MAX
0.020 (0,51) MIN
0.200 (5,08) MAX
0.125 (3,18) MIN
0.100 (2,54)
0.021 (0,53)
0.015 (0,38)
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).
B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. Falls within JEDEC MS-001
0.010 (0,25)
M
0.310 (7,87)
0.290 (7,37)
Seating Plane
0°–15°
0.010 (0,25) NOM
4040082/B 03/95
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
29
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