The REF29xx is a precision, low-power, low-voltage dropout
voltage reference family available in a tiny SOT23-3.
The REF29xx small size and low power consumption (50µA
max) make it ideal for portable and battery-powered applications. The REF29xx does not require a load capacitor, but is
stable with any capacitive load.
Unloaded, the REF29xx can be operated with supplies within
1mV of output voltage. All models are specified for the wide
temperature range, –40°C to +125°C.
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.
Supply Voltage, V+ to V–................................................................... 7.0V
Output Short-Circuit
Operating Temperature .................................................. –40°C to +125°C
Storage Temperature ..................................................... –65°C to +125°C
Junction Temperature .................................................................... +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ............................................... +300°C
NOTES: (1) Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage.
Exposure to absolute maximum conditions for extended periods may degrade
device reliability. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the
device at these, or any other conditions beyond those specified, is not implied.
(2) Short-circuit to ground.
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling
and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits
may be more susceptible to damage because very small
parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its
published specifications.
PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION
PRODUCTPACKAGE-LEADDESIGNATOR
REF2912SOT23-3DBZ–40°C to +125°CR29AREF2912AIDBZTTape and Reel, 250
(1)
PACKAGETEMPERATUREPACKAGEORDERINGTRANSPORT
(1)
SPECIFIED
RANGEMARKINGNUMBERMEDIA, QUANTITY
" """"REF2912AIDBZRTape and Reel, 3000
REF2920SOT23-3DBZ–40°C to +125°CR29BREF2920AIDBZTTape and Reel, 250
" """"REF2920AIDBZRTape and Reel, 3000
REF2925SOT23-3DBZ–40°C to +125°CR29CREF2925AIDBZTTape and Reel, 250
" """"REF2925AIDBZRTape and Reel, 3000
REF2930SOT23-3DBZ–40°C to +125°CR29DREF2930AIDBZTTape and Reel, 250
" """"REF2930AIDBZRTape and Reel, 3000
REF2933SOT23-3DBZ–40°C to +125°CR29EREF2933AIDBZTTape and Reel, 250
" """"REF2933AIDBZRTape and Reel, 3000
REF2940SOT23-3DBZ–40°C to +125°CR29FREF2940AIDBZTTape and Reel, 250
" """"REF2940AIDBZRTape and Reel, 3000
NOTE: (1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this data sheet, or see the TI web site at www.ti.com.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = –40°C to +125°C.
At TA = +25°C, I
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
OUTPUT VOLTAGEV
Initial Accuracy2%
NOISE
Output Voltage Noisef = 0.1Hz to 10Hz14µV
Voltage Noisef = 10Hz to 10kHz42µVrms
LINE REGULATION1.8V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V60190µV/V
OUTPUT VOLTAGEV
Initial Accuracy2%
NOISE
Output Voltage Noisef = 0.1Hz to 10Hz23µV
Voltage Noisef = 10Hz to 10kHz65µVrms
LINE REGULATIONV
OUTPUT VOLTAGEV
Initial Accuracy2%
NOISE
Output Voltage Noisef = 0.1Hz to 10Hz28µV
Voltage Noisef = 10Hz to 10kHz80µVrms
LINE REGULATIONV
= 0mA, VIN = 5V, unless otherwise noted.
LOAD
OUT
OUT
OUT
REF29xx
REF2912-1.25V
1.2251.251.275V
REF2920
2.0072.0482.089V
+ 50mV ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V110290µV/V
REF
REF2925
2.4502.502.550V
+ 50mV ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V120325µV/V
REF
PP
PP
PP
2
www.ti.com
REF2912, 2920, 2925, 2930, 2933, 2940
SBVS033B
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Cont.)
Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = –40°C to +125°C.
At TA = +25°C, I
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
OUTPUT VOLTAGEV
Initial Accuracy2%
NOISE
Output Voltage Noisef = 0.1Hz to 10Hz33µV
Voltage Noisef = 10Hz to 10kHz94µVrms
LINE REGULATIONV
OUTPUT VOLTAGEV
Initial Accuracy2%
NOISE
Output Voltage Noisef = 0.1Hz to 10Hz36µV
Voltage Noisef = 10Hz to 10kHz105µVrms
LINE REGULATIONV
OUTPUT VOLTAGEV
Initial Accuracy2%
NOISE
Output Voltage Noisef = 0.1Hz to 10Hz45µV
Voltage Noisef = 10Hz to 10kHz128µVrms
LINE REGULATIONV
OUTPUT VOLTAGE TEMP DRIFT
OUTPUT CURRENTI
LONG-TERM STABILITY
LOAD REGULATION
THERMAL HYSTERESIS
DROPOUT VOLTAGEV
SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTI
TURN-ON SETTLING TIMEto 0.1% at V
POWER SUPPLY
NOTES: (1) Minimum supply voltage for REF2912 is 1.8V. (2) Box Method used to determine over temperature drift. (3) Typical value of load regulation reflects
measurements using a force and sense contacts, see text “Load Regulation”. (4) Thermal hysteresis procedure is explained in more detail in Applications Information
section of data sheet. (5) For I
At TA = +25°C, VIN = +5V power supply, REF2925 is used for typical characteristics, unless otherwise noted.
TEMPERATURE DRIFT (0°C to +70°C)
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
Number of Units
15
10
5
0
51015202530403545 50 556560
Drift (ppm/°C)
2.502
2.500
2.498
2.496
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE DRIFT (–40°C to +125°C)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
Number of Units
30
20
10
0
51015202530403545 50 556560
Drift (ppm/°C)
MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE
35
30
25
20
2.494
Output Voltage (V)
2.492
2.490
–40 –20020604080 100 120 140
Temperature (°C)
6
5
4
3
2
Load Regulation (µV/mA)
1
0
–40 –20020604080 100 120 140
LOAD REGULATION vs TEMPERATURE
Temperature (°C)
15
10
Maximum Load Current (mA)
5
–40 –20020604080100 120 140
Temperature (°C)
60
50
40
30
(µA)
Q
I
20
10
0
QUIESCENT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE
–40 –20020604080 100 120 140
Temperature (°C)
4
www.ti.com
REF2912, 2920, 2925, 2930, 2933, 2940
SBVS033B
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Cont.)
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs FREQUENCY
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
Output Impedance (dB)
1101001k10k100k
Frequency (Hz)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs LOAD CURRENT
2.50152
2.50000
2.49848
2.49696
2.49544
2.49392
2.49824
2.49088
2.48936
Output Voltage (V)
051015202530
Load Current (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE (No Load)
2.50138
2.50000
2.49862
2.49724
2.49586
2.49448
2.49310
2.49172
2.49034
2.48896
Output Voltage (V)
2.533.544.555.56
Supply (V)
At TA = +25°C, VIN = +5V power supply, REF2925 is used for typical characteristics, unless otherwise noted.
200
150
100
50
Line Regulation (µV/V)
0
–50
–40 –20020604080100 120 140
90
80
70
60
50
40
PSRR (dB)
30
20
10
0
1101001k10k100k
LINE REGULATION vs TEMPERATURE
Temperature (°C)
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY
Frequency (Hz)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
2.5008
2.5000
2.4992
2.4984
2.4976
2.4968
2.4967
Output Voltage (V)
2.4952
2.4944
2.4936
2.533.544.555.56
REF2912, 2920, 2925, 2930, 2933, 2940
SBVS033B
vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE (I
Supply (V)
LOAD
= 25mA)
www.ti.com
5
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Cont.)
At TA = +25°C, VIN = +5V power supply, REF2925 is used for typical characteristics, unless otherwise noted.
3V/div1V/div
500mV/div50mV/div
STEP RESPONSE, CL = 0, 3V START-UP
V
IN
V
OUT
40µs/div
LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE
V
IN
5V/div1V/div
STEP RESPONSE, CL = 0, 5V START-UP
V
IN
V
OUT
10µs/div
0-1mA LOAD TRANSIENT (CL = 0)
IL = 1mA
IL = 0mA
V
OUT
IL = 5mA
V
OUT
20mV/div
10µs/div
0-5mA LOAD TRANSIENT (CL = 0)
IL = 0mA
10µs/div
V
OUT
20mV/div
IL = 6mA
V
OUT
20mV/div
10µs/div
1-6mA LOAD TRANSIENT (CL = 1µF)
IL = 0mA
40µs/div
6
www.ti.com
REF2912, 2920, 2925, 2930, 2933, 2940
SBVS033B
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Cont.)
0.1Hz TO 10Hz NOISE
10µV/div
1.0s/div
At TA = +25°C, VIN = +5V power supply, REF2925 is used for typical characteristics, unless otherwise noted.
1-25mA LOAD TRANSIENT (CL = 1µF)
IL = 25mA
V
OUT
20mV/div
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Absolute Output Voltage Drift (ppm)
0
LONG-TERM STABILITY 0 TO 1000 HOURS
0100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
IL = 1mA
100µs/div
Time (hours)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Absolute Output Voltage Drift (ppm)
LONG-TERM STABILITY 1000 TO 2000 HOURS
0
1000 11001400 15001700
1200 130016001800 1900 2000
Time (hours)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Absolute Output Voltage Drift (ppm)
0
0200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
REF2912, 2920, 2925, 2930, 2933, 2940
SBVS033B
LONG-TERM STABILITY 0 TO 2000 HOURS
Time (hours)
www.ti.com
7
THEORY OF OPERATION
The REF29xx is a series, CMOS, precision bandgap voltage
reference. Its basic topology is shown in Figure 1. The
transistors Q
density of Q
two base-emitter voltages, Vbe
temperature coefficient and is forced across resistor R1. This
voltage is gained up and added to the base-emitter voltage
of Q
, which has a negative coefficient. The resulting output
2
voltage is virtually independent of temperature. The curvature
of the bandgap voltage, as seen in the typical curve,
Voltage vs Temperature
temperature coefficient of the base-emitter voltage of Q
and Q2 are biased such that the current
1
is greater than that of Q2. The difference of the
1
– Vbe2, has a positive
1
Output
, is due to the slightly nonlinear
R
+
Vbe
Vbe
1
–
Q
1
1
+
2
–
Q
2
.
2
The REF29xx features a low quiescent current, which is
extremely stable over changes in both temperature and
supply. The typical room temperature quiescent current is
42µA, and the maximum quiescent current over temperature
is just 59µA. Additionally, the quiescent current typically
changes less than 2.5µA over the entire supply range, as
shown in Figure 3.
42.5
42.0
41.5
(µA)
Q
I
41.0
40.5
40.0
11.522.533.544.555.56
V
(V)
IN
FIGURE 3. Supply Current vs Supply Voltage.
FIGURE 1. Simplified Schematic of Bandgap Reference.
APPLICATION INFORMATION
The REF29xx does not require a load capacitor, and is stable
with any capacitive load. Figure 2 shows typical connections
required for operation of the REF29xx. A supply bypass
capacitor of 0.47µF is recommended.
V
IN
V
OUT
FIGURE 2. Typical Connections for Operating REF29xx.
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
The REF29xx family of references features an extremely low
dropout voltage. With the exception of the REF2912, which
has a minimum supply requirement of 1.8V, the REF29xx
can be operated with a supply of only 1mV above the output
voltage in an unloaded condition. For loaded conditions, a
typical dropout voltage versus load performance plot is
shown on the cover page.
0.47µF
1
2
REF29xx
3
Supply voltages below the specified levels can cause the
REF29xx to momentarily draw currents greater than the
typical quiescent current. Using a power supply with a fast
rising edge and low output impedance easily prevents this.
THERMAL HYSTERESIS
Thermal hysteresis for the REF29xx is defined as the change
in output voltage after operating the device at 25°C, cycling
the device through the specified temperature range, and
returning to 25°C, and can be expressed as:
Where: V
V
HYST
HYST =
V
PRE
absVV
=
Calculated hysteresis
= Output voltage measured at 25°C pre-
PRE
V
–
NOM
POST
6
10
ppm
•
(
)
temperature cycling
V
= Output voltage measured when device has
POST
been operated at 25°C, cycled through specified
range –40°C to +125°C and returned to operation at
25°C
TEMPERATURE DRIFT
The REF29xx is designed to exhibit minimal drift error, defined
as the change in output voltage over varying temperature.
Using the
features a typical drift coefficient of 20ppm from 0°C to 70°C—
the primary temperature range of use for many applications.
For industrial temperature ranges of –40°C to 125°C, the
REF29xx family drift increases to a typical value of 50ppm.
box
method of drift measurement, the REF29xx
8
www.ti.com
REF2912, 2920, 2925, 2930, 2933, 2940
SBVS033B
NOISE PERFORMANCE
The REF29xx generates noise less than 50µVPP between
frequencies of 0.1Hz to 10Hz, and can be seen in the Typical
Characteristic Curve,
voltage of the REF29xx increases with output voltage and
operating temperature. Additional filtering may be used to
improve output noise levels, although care should be taken
to ensure the output impedance does not degrade ac
performance.
LONG TERM STABILITY
Long term stability refers to the change of the output voltage
of a reference over a period of months or years. This effect
lessens as time progresses as is apparent by the long term
stability curves. The typical drift value for the REF29xx is
24ppm from 0-1000 hours, and 15ppm from 1000-2000
hours. This parameter is characterized by measuring 30
units at regular intervals for a period of 2000 hours.
LOAD REGULATION
Load regulation is defined as the change in output voltage
due to changes in load current. Load regulation for the
REF29xx is measured using force and sense contacts as
pictured in Figure 4. The force and sense lines tied to the
0.1 to 10Hz Voltage Noise
. The noise
contact area of the output pin reduce the impact of contact
and trace resistance, resulting in accurate measurement of
the load regulation contributed solely by the REF29xx. For
applications requiring improved load regulation, force and
sense lines should be used.
APPLICATION CIRCUITS
Negative Reference Voltage
For applications requiring a negative and positive reference
voltage, the OPA703 and REF29xx can be used to provide
a dual supply reference from a ±5V supply. Figure 5 shows
the REF2925 used to provide a ±2.5V supply reference
voltage. The low offset voltage and low drift of the OPA703
complement the low drift performance of the REF29xx to
provide an accurate solution for split-supply applications.
+5V
REF2925
10kΩ
10kΩ
+5V
+2.5V
Output Pin
Sense Line
+
V
OUT
–
Meter
I
L
Load
Contact and
Trace Resistance
Force Line
FIGURE 4. Accurate Load Regulation of REF29xx.
ADS7822
0.1µF
V
REF
V
OPA703
–5V
–2.5V
FIGURE 5. REF2925 Combined with OPA703 to Create
Positive and Negative Reference Voltages.
DATA ACQUISITION
Often data acquisition systems require stable voltage
references to maintain necessary accuracy. The REF29xx
family features stability and a wide range of voltages suitable
for most micro-controllers and data converters. See Figure 6
for a basic data acquisition system.
3.3V
5Ω
V
CC
+
1µF to 10µF
S
+
1µF to
10µF
REF2933
GND
V+
V
IN
+In
–In
GND
DCLOCK
FIGURE 6. Basic Data Acquisition System 1.
REF2912, 2920, 2925, 2930, 2933, 2940
SBVS033B
CS
D
OUT
www.ti.com
Microcontroller
9
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable DeviceStatus
REF2912AIDBZRACTIVESOT-23DBZ33000 Green (RoHS &
REF2912AIDBZRG4ACTIVESOT-23DBZ33000 Green (RoHS &
REF2912AIDBZTACTIVESOT-23DBZ3250 Green (RoHS &
REF2912AIDBZTG4ACTIVESOT-23DBZ3250 Green (RoHS &
REF2920AIDBZRACTIVESOT-23DBZ33000 Green (RoHS &
REF2920AIDBZRG4ACTIVESOT-23DBZ33000 Green (RoHS &
REF2920AIDBZTACTIVESOT-23DBZ3250 Green (RoHS &
REF2920AIDBZTG4ACTIVESOT-23DBZ3250 Green (RoHS &
REF2925AIDBZRACTIVESOT-23DBZ33000 Green (RoHS &
REF2925AIDBZRG4ACTIVESOT-23DBZ33000 Green (RoHS &
REF2925AIDBZTACTIVESOT-23DBZ3250 Green (RoHS &
REF2925AIDBZTG4ACTIVESOT-23DBZ3250 Green (RoHS &
REF2930AIDBZRACTIVESOT-23DBZ33000 Green (RoHS &
REF2930AIDBZRG4ACTIVESOT-23DBZ33000 Green (RoHS &
REF2930AIDBZTACTIVESOT-23DBZ3250 Green (RoHS &
REF2930AIDBZTG4ACTIVESOT-23DBZ3250 Green (RoHS &
REF2933AIDBZRACTIVESOT-23DBZ33000 Green (RoHS &
REF2933AIDBZRG4ACTIVESOT-23DBZ33000 Green (RoHS &
REF2933AIDBZTACTIVESOT-23DBZ3250 Green (RoHS &
REF2933AIDBZTG4ACTIVESOT-23DBZ3250 Green (RoHS &
REF2940AIDBZRACTIVESOT-23DBZ33000 Green (RoHS &
REF2940AIDBZRG4ACTIVESOT-23DBZ33000 Green (RoHS &
REF2940AIDBZTACTIVESOT-23DBZ3250 Green (RoHS &
REF2940AIDBZTG4ACTIVESOT-23DBZ3250 Green (RoHS &
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
(1)
Package
Type
Package
Drawing
Pins Package
Qty
Eco Plan
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
no Sb/Br)
(2)
Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM
8-Feb-2008
(3)
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in
a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check
http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements
for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered
at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and
package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS
compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame
retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder
temperature.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is
provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the
accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take
reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on
incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited
information may not be available for release.
8-Feb-2008
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI
to Customer on an annual basis.