•Internal Synchronous Rectification for High
Efficiency
•Internal Soft Start
•0.1-µA Typical Shutdown Current
•Current Overload Protection
•Operates from a Single Li-Ion Cell or Three-Cell
NiMH/NiCd Batteries
•Only Three Tiny Surface-Mount External
Components Required (One Inductor, Two
Ceramic Capacitors)
2Applications
•Mobile Phones and Handheld Devices
•PDAs
•Palm-Top PCs
•Portable Instruments
•Battery-Powered Devices
Typical Application: Fixed Output
3Description
TheLM3670step-downDC-DCconverteris
optimized for powering ultralow voltage circuits from a
single Li-Ion cell or three-cell NiMH/NiCd batteries. It
provides up to 350-mA load current, over an input
voltage range from 2.5 V to 5.5 V. There are several
different fixed voltage output options available as well
as an adjustable output voltage version.
The device offers superior features and performance
for mobile phones and similar portable applications
with complex power management systems. Automatic
intelligent switching between pulse width modulation
(PWM) low-noise and pulse frequency modulation
(PFM) low-current mode offers improved system
control. During full-power operation, a fixed-frequency
1-MHz (typical) PWM mode drives loads from
approximately 70 mA to 350 mA maximum, with up to
95% efficiency. Hysteretic PFM mode extends the
battery life through reduction of the quiescent current
to 15 µA (typical) during light current loads and
system standby. Internal synchronous rectification
provides high efficiency (90% to 95% typical at loads
between 1 mA and 100 mA). In shutdown mode
(enable (EN) pin pulled low) the device turns off and
reduces battery consumption to 0.1 µA (typical).
The LM3670 is available in a 5-pin SOT-23 package.
A high switching frequency (1 MHz typical) allows use
oftinysurface-mountcomponents.Onlythree
external surface-mount components, an inductor and
two ceramic capacitors, are required.
Device Information
PART NUMBERPACKAGEBODY SIZE (NOM)
LM3670SOT-23 (5)2.90 mm × 1.60 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
space
space
Typical Application: Adjustable Output Voltage
(1)
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision E (February 2013) to Revision FPage
•Changed "(0.7V min) to "0.7 V to 2.5 V" ................................................................................................................................ 1
•Added Device Information and Pin Configuration and Functions sections, ESD Ratings and Thermal Information
tables, Feature Description, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation, Power Supply
Recommendations, Layout, Device and Documentation Support, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information sections................................................................................................................................................................ 1
•Deleted phone and fax numbers of manufacturers from suggested inductors table ........................................................... 15
•Deleted phone and fax numbers of manufacturers from suggested capacitors table ......................................................... 16
•Deleted rest of text from paragraph beginning "For any output voltages...."........................................................................ 17
•Deleted row beginning with "1.24... "from Table 3 .............................................................................................................. 18
Changes from Revision D (February 2013) to Revision EPage
•Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format ........................................................................................................... 19
Power supply input. Connect to the input filter capacitor
( Typical Application: Fixed Output).
Feedback analog input. Connect to the output filter capacitor
(Typical Application: Fixed Output).
Switching node connection to the internal PFET switch and NFET synchronous rectifier.
Connect to an inductor with a saturation current rating that exceeds the 750-mA maximum
switch peak current limit specification.
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
VINpin: voltage to GND–0.26V
EN pin: voltage to GND–0.26V
FB, SW pins(GND −0.2)VIN+ 0.2V
Junction temperature, T
J-MAX
Maximum lead temperature(soldering, 10 seconds)260°C
Storage temperature, T
stg
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, contact the TI Sales Office/Distributors for availability and specifications.
6.2 ESD Ratings
Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001
V
(ESD)
(1) JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
(2) JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
Electrostatic discharge
Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-
(2)
C101
(1)(2)
MINMAXUNIT
–45125°C
–45150°C
VALUEUNIT
(1)
±2000
±200
V
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
Input voltage2.55.5A
Recommended load current0350mA
Junction temperature, T
Ambient temperature, T
(1) All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pin.
Unless otherwise specified, limits for typical values are TJ= 25°C, and minimum and maximum limits apply over the full
operating junction temperature range (−40°C ≤ TJ≤ +125°C); VIN= 3.6 V, V
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNIT
V
IN
Input voltageSee
Fixed output voltage: 1.2 V
Fixed output voltage: 1.5 V
Fixed output voltage: 1.6 V, 1.875 V
V
OUT
Fixed output voltage: 1.8 V
Fixed output voltage: 3.3 V
Adjustable output voltage
(2)
Line_regLine regulation
Load_regLoad regulation150 mA ≤ I
Unless otherwise specified, limits for typical values are TJ= 25°C, and minimum and maximum limits apply over the full
operating junction temperature range (−40°C ≤ TJ≤ +125°C); VIN= 3.6 V, V
The LM3670, a high-efficiency step-down DC-DC switching buck converter, delivers a constant voltage from
either a single Li-Ion or three-cell NiMH/NiCd battery to portable devices such as cell phones and PDAs. Using a
voltage mode architecture with synchronous rectification, the LM3670 can deliver up to 350 mA depending on the
input voltage and output voltage (voltage head room), and the inductor chosen (maximum current capability).
There are three modes of operation depending on the current required: pulse width modulation (PWM), pulse
frequency modulation (PFM), and shutdown. PWM mode handles current loads of approximately 70 mA or
higher. Lighter output current loads cause the device to automatically switch into PFM for reduced current
consumption (IQ= 15 µA typical) and a longer battery life. Shutdown mode turns off the device, offering the
lowest current consumption (I
SHUTDOWN
The LM3670 can operate up to a 100% duty cycle (PMOS switch always on) for low dropout control of the output
voltage. In this way the output voltage is controlled down to the lowest possible input voltage.
Additional features include soft-start, undervoltage lockout, current overload protection, and thermal overload
protection. As shown in Figure 17, only three external power components are required for implementation.
The LM3670 operates as follows. During the first portion of each switching cycle, the control block in the LM3670
turns on the internal PFET switch. This allows current to flow from the input through the inductor to the output
filter capacitor and load. The inductor limits the current to a ramp with a slope of:
(1)
by storing energy in a magnetic field. During the second portion of each cycle, the controller turns the PFET
switch off, blocking current flow from the input, and then turns the NFET synchronous rectifier on. The inductor
draws current from ground through the NFET to the output filter capacitor and load, which ramps the inductor
current down with a slope of:
(2)
The output filter stores charge when the inductor current is high, and releases it when low, smoothing the voltage
across the load.
7.3.2 Soft Start
The LM3670 has a soft-start circuit that limits in-rush current during start-up. Typical start-up times with a 10-µF
output capacitor and 350-mA load is 400 µs:
Table 1. Typical Start-Up Times for Soft Start
INRUSH CURRENT (mA)DURATION (µs)
032
70224
140256
280256
620until soft start ends
7.3.3 LDO - Low Dropout Operation
The LM3670 can operate at 100% duty cycle (no switching, PMOS switch is completely on) for low dropout
support of the output voltage. In this way the output voltage is controlled down to the lowest possible input
voltage.
The minimum input voltage needed to support the output voltage is
V
IN_MIN
= I
LOAD
× (R
DSON,PFET
+ R
INDUCTOR
) + V
OUT
where
•I
•R
•R
= load current
LOAD
DSON, PFET
INDUCTOR
= the drain to source resistance of PFET switch in the triode region
During PWM operation the converter operates as a voltage-mode controller with input voltage feed forward. This
allows the converter to achieve excellent load and line regulation. The DC gain of the power stage is proportional
to the input voltage. To eliminate this dependence, feed forward inversely proportional to the input voltage is
introduced.
7.4.1.1 Internal Synchronous Rectification
While in PWM mode, the LM3670 uses an internal NFET as a synchronous rectifier to reduce rectifier forward
voltage drop and associated power loss. Synchronous rectification provides a significant improvement in
efficiency whenever the output voltage is relatively low compared to the voltage drop across an ordinary rectifier
diode.
7.4.1.2 Current Limiting
A current limit feature allows the LM3670 to protect itself and external components during overload conditions
PWM mode implements cycle-by-cycle current limiting using an internal comparator that trips at 620 mA (typical).
7.4.2 PFM Operation
At very light load, the converter enters PFM mode and operates with reduced switching frequency and supply
current to maintain high efficiency.
The part automatically transition into PFM mode when either of two conditions occurs for a duration of 32 or
more clock cycles:
1. The inductor current becomes discontinuous
2. The peak PMOS switch current drops below the I
MODE
level:
(4)
During PFM operation, the converter positions the output voltage slightly higher than the nominal output voltage
in PWM operation, allowing additional headroom for voltage drop during a load transient from light to heavy load.
The PFM comparator senses the output voltage via the feedback pin and control the switching of the output
FETs such that the output voltage ramps between 0.8% and 1.6% (typical) above the nominal PWM output
voltage. If the output voltage is below the high PFM comparator threshold, the PMOS power switch is turned on.
It remains on until the output voltage exceeds the ‘high’ PFM threshold or the peak current exceeds the I
PFM
level
set for PFM mode. The peak current in PFM mode is:
(5)
Once the PMOS power switch is turned off, the NMOS power switch is turned on until the inductor current ramps
to zero. When the NMOS zero-current condition is detected, the NMOS power switch is turned off. If the output
voltage is below the high PFM comparator threshold (see Figure 16), the PMOS switch is again turned on and
the cycle is repeated until the output reaches the desired level. Once the output reaches the high PFM threshold,
the NMOS switch is turned on briefly to ramp the inductor current to zero and then both output switches are
turned off and the part enters an extremely low power mode. Quiescent supply current during this sleep mode is
less than 30 µA, which allows the part to achieve high efficiencies under extremely light load conditions. When
the output drops below the low PFM threshold, the cycle repeats to restore the output voltage to approximately
1.6% above the nominal PWM output voltage.
If the load current increases during PFM mode (see Figure 16) causing the output voltage to fall below the ‘low2’
PFM threshold, the part automatically transitions into fixed-frequency PWM mode.
Figure 16. Operation in PFM Mode and Transition to PWM Mode
LM3670
SNVS250F –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED FEBRUARY 2016
7.4.3 Shutdown
Setting the EN input pin low (< 0.4 V) places the LM3670 in shutdown mode. During shutdown the PFET switch,
NFET switch, reference, control and bias circuitry of the LM3671 are turned off. Setting EN high (> 1.3 V)
enables normal operation. It is recommended to set EN pin low to turn off the LM3671 during system power up
and undervoltage conditions when the supply is less than 2.5 V. Do not leave the EN pin floating.
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
8.1 Application Information
The external control of this device is very easy. First make sure the correct voltage been applied at VINpin, then
simply apply the voltage at EN pin according to the Electrical Characteristics to enable or disable the output
voltage.
For typical CMOS voltage regulator applications, use the parameters listed in Table 2.
Table 2. Design Parameters
DESIGN PARAMETEREXAMPLE VALUE
Minimum input voltage2.5 V
Minimum output voltage1.2 V
Maximum load current350 mA
8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
8.2.1.2.1 Inductor Selection
There are two main considerations when choosing an inductor: the inductor current must not saturate, and the
inductor current ripple is small enough to achieve the desired output voltage ripple.
There are two methods to choose the inductor current rating.
8.2.1.2.1.1 Method 1
The total current is the sum of the load and the inductor ripple current. This can be written as
A more conservative approach is to choose an inductor that can handle the current limit of 700 mA.
Given a peak-to-peak current ripple (IPP) the inductor needs to be at least
(8)
A 10-µH inductor with a saturation current rating of at least 800 mA is recommended for most applications.
Resistance of the inductor resistance must be less than around 0.3 Ω for good efficiency. Table 3 lists suggested
inductors and suppliers. For low-cost applications, an unshielded bobbin inductor is suggested. For noise critical
applications, a toroidal or shielded-bobbin inductor must be used. A good practice is to lay out the board with
overlapping footprints of both types for design flexibility. This allows substitution of a low-noise toroidal inductor,
in the event that noise from low-cost bobbin models is unacceptable.
8.2.1.2.2 Input Capacitor Selection
A ceramic input capacitor of 4.7 µF is sufficient for most applications. A larger value may be used for improved
input voltage filtering. The input filter capacitor supplies current to the PFET switch of the LM3670 in the first half
of each cycle and reduces voltage ripple imposed on the input power source. The low equivalent series
resistance (ESR) of a ceramic capacitor provides the best noise filtering of the input voltage spikes due to this
rapidly changing current. Select an input filter capacitor with a surge current rating sufficient for the power-up
surge from the input power source. The power-up surge current is approximately the value of the capacitor (µF)
times the voltage rise rate (V/µs). The input current ripple can be calculated by :
8.2.1.2.3 Output Capacitor Selection
The output filter capacitor smooths out current flow from the inductor to the load, maintaining a steady output
voltage during transient load changes and reduces output voltage ripple. These capacitors must be selected with
sufficient capacitance and sufficiently low ESR to perform these functions.
The output ripple current can be calculated as:
Voltage peak-to-peak ripple due to capacitance =
Voltage peak-to-peak ripple due to ESR =
For adjustable LM3670 option, use the design parameters in Table 5
Table 5. Design Parameters
DESIGN PARAMETEREXAMPLE VALUE
Input voltage range2.5 V to 5.5
Input capacitor4.7 µF
Output capacitor10 µF
Inductor4.7 µH or 10 µH
ADJ programmable output voltage0.7 V to 2.5 V
LM3670
SNVS250F –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED FEBRUARY 2016
8.2.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
8.2.2.2.1 Output Voltage Selection for Adjustable LM3670
The output voltage of the adjustable parts can be programmed through the resistor network connected from V
to VFBthen to GND. V
is adjusted to make VFBequal to 0.5 V. The resistor from VFBto GND (R2) must be at
OUT
OUT
least 100 KΩ to keep the current sunk through this network well below the 15-µA quiescent current level (PFM
mode with no switching) but large enough that it is not susceptible to noise. If R2is 200 KΩ, and VFBis 0.5 V,
then the current through the resistor feedback network is 2.5 µA (IFB= 0.5 V / R2). The output voltage formula is:
where
•V
•VFB= feedback voltage (0.5 V typical)
•R1Resistor from V
•R2Resistor from V
= output voltage (V)
OUT
to VFB(Ω)
OUT
to GND (Ω)(10)
OUT
For output voltage greater than or equal to 0.7 V a frequency zero must be added at 10 kHz for stability.
(11)
For any output voltages equal to 0.7 V or 2.5 V, a pole must also be placed at 10 kHz (see Table 6).
PC board layout is an important part of DC-DC converter design. Poor board layout can disrupt the performance
of a DC-DC converter and surrounding circuitry by contributing to EMI, ground bounce, and resistive voltage loss
in the traces, which can send erroneous signals to the DC-DC converter device, resulting in poor regulation or
instability.
Good layout for the LM3670 can be implemented by following a few simple design rules, as shown in Figure 23.
•Place the LM3670, inductor and filter capacitors close together and make the traces short. The traces
between these components carry relatively high switching currents and act as antennas. Following this rule
reduces radiated noise. Place the capacitors and inductor within 0.2 in. (5 mm) of the LM3670.
•Arrange the components so that the switching current loops curl in the same direction. During the first half of
each cycle, current flows from the input filter capacitor, through the LM3670 and inductor to the output filter
capacitor and back through ground, forming a current loop. In the second half of each cycle, current is pulled
up from ground, through the LM3670 by the inductor, to the output filter capacitor and then back through
ground, forming a second current loop. Routing these loops so the current curls in the same direction
prevents magnetic field reversal between the two half-cycles and reduces radiated noise.
•Connect the ground pins of the LM3670, and filter capacitors together using generous component-side copperfill as a pseudo-ground plane. Then, connect this to the ground-plane (if one is used) with several vias. This
reduces ground-plane noise by preventing the switching currents from circulating through the ground plane. It
also reduces ground bounce at the LM3670 by giving it a low-impedance ground connection.
•Use wide traces between the power components and for power connections to the DC-DC converter circuit.
This reduces voltage errors caused by resistive losses across the traces.
•Route noise sensitive traces, such as the voltage feedback path, away from noisy traces between the powercomponents. The voltage feedback trace must remain close to the LM3670 circuit, and be direct but must be
routed opposite to noisy components. This reduces EMI radiated onto the DC-DC converter’s own voltage
feedback trace.
•Place noise sensitive circuitry, such as radio IF blocks, away from the DC-DC converter, CMOS digital blocksand other noisy circuitry. Interference with noise-sensitive circuitry in the system can be reduced through
distance.
In mobile phones, for example, a common practice is to place the DC-DC converter on one corner of the board,
arrange the CMOS digital circuitry around it (because this also generates noise), and then place sensitive preamplifiers and IF stages on the diagonally opposing corner. Often, the sensitive circuitry is shielded with a metal
pan and, by using low-dropout linear regulators, power to the circuit is post-regulated to reduce conducted noise.
TI'S PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION REGARDING THIRD-PARTY PRODUCTS OR SERVICES DOES NOT
CONSTITUTE AN ENDORSEMENT REGARDING THE SUITABILITY OF SUCH PRODUCTS OR SERVICES
OR A WARRANTY, REPRESENTATION OR ENDORSEMENT OF SUCH PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, EITHER
ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ANY TI PRODUCT OR SERVICE.
11.2 Community Resources
The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.
11.3 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
11.4 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
11.5 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
12Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
LM3670MF-3.3NRNDSOT-23DBV51000TBDCall TICall TI-40 to 85SDEB
LM3670MF-3.3/NOPBACTIVESOT-23DBV51000Green (RoHS
LM3670MF-ADJ/NOPBACTIVESOT-23DBV51000Green (RoHS
LM3670MFX-1.2/NOPBACTIVESOT-23DBV53000Green (RoHS
LM3670MFX-1.8/NOPBACTIVESOT-23DBV53000Green (RoHS
LM3670MFX-ADJ/NOPBACTIVESOT-23DBV53000Green (RoHS
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
Package Type Package
(1)
Drawing
Pins Package
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
& no Sb/Br)
& no Sb/Br)
& no Sb/Br)
& no Sb/Br)
& no Sb/Br)
& no Sb/Br)
& no Sb/Br)
& no Sb/Br)
& no Sb/Br)
& no Sb/Br)
Lead/Ball Finish
(6)
MSL Peak Temp
(3)
Op Temp (°C)Device Marking
CU SNLevel-1-260C-UNLIM-40 to 85SCZB
CU SNLevel-1-260C-UNLIM-40 to 85S82B
CU SNLevel-1-260C-UNLIM-40 to 85SDBB
CU SNLevel-1-260C-UNLIM-40 to 85SDCB
CU SNLevel-1-260C-UNLIM-40 to 85SEFB
CU SNLevel-1-260C-UNLIM-40 to 85SDEB
CU SNLevel-1-260C-UNLIM-40 to 85SDFB
CU SNLevel-1-260C-UNLIM-40 to 85SCZB
CU SNLevel-1-260C-UNLIM-40 to 85SDCB
CU SNLevel-1-260C-UNLIM-40 to 85SDFB
(4/5)
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
7-Jan-2016
Samples
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4)
There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5)
Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6)
Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
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In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
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