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Copyright 2001, Texas Instruments Incorporated
About This Manual
Use this manual to set up and use the GTLP evaluation module (EVM) for the
SN74GTLPH1655 and other GTLP devices.
How to Use This Manual
This document contains the following chapters:
-
-
-
-
Preface
Read This First
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Chapter 2 – GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Chapter 3 – Oscilloscope Operation
Chapter 4 – Waveform Measurement and Interpretation
-
Chapter 5 – Troubleshooting
-
Appendix A – Bill of Materials, Schematics, Board Layouts, and
Suggested Specifications
iii
Information About Cautions and Warnings
Information About Cautions and Warnings
This book may contain cautions and warnings.
This is an example of a caution statement.
A caution statement describes a situation that could potentially
damage your software or equipment.
This is an example of a warning statement.
A warning statement describes a situation that could potentially
cause harm to you
The information in a caution or a warning is provided for your protection.
Please read each caution and warning carefully.
.
FCC Warning
Trademarks
iv
This equipment is intended for use in a laboratory test environment only. It
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and has not been
tested for compliance with the limits of computing devices pursuant to subpart
J of part 15 of FCC rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection
against radio frequency interference. Operation of this equipment in other
environments may cause interference with radio communications, in which
case, users, at their own expense, will be required to take whatever measures
may be required to correct this interference.
TI-OPC is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
The Texas Instruments (TI) GTLP evaluation module (EVM) board is used to
evaluate the SN74GTLPH1655 in multipoint data-transmission applications in
a heavily loaded backplane.
The GTLP EVM is a 17.9-in., 20-slot, 0.94-in.-pitch, 8-layer PC backplane
board that provides a total of 48 parallel data lines divided into 6 groups of 8
bits staggered into various lengths. The EVM also includes a 1-bit clock along
the length of the backplane showing source-synchronous transfer mode. This
board allows the designer to connect 50-Ω unloaded parallel buses to the
transmitter and receiver connectors in a backplane configuration.
New-design backplane-driver selection criteria are based on drive capability ,
live-insertion capability, data throughput, noise margin, backward
compatibility, and bus configuration. The purpose of the GTLP EVM is to
demonstrate the performance of the TI GTLP product portfolio in a
best-in-class high-performance backplane. The backplane enables users to
observe the effects of different kinds of terminations, changing load conditions
due to different spacing and count of daughter cards, and various frequencies,
as well as the benefit of source-synchronous clock over system-synchronous
clock operations. The backplane also can be used to observe the advantages
of edge-rate control and TI-OPC overshoot-protection circuitry, and show
the performance of TI GTLP devices vs alternate-source devices under
different loading conditions.
The EVM can be used to evaluate device parameters, while acting as a guide
for high-speed board layout. Because GTLP operates over a wide range of
frequencies, designers must optimize their designs for the frequency of
interest. Additionally , designers can use buried transmission lines and provide
additional noise attenuation and EMI suppression to optimize their
end product.
The board layout is designed and optimized to support high-speed operation
up to 100 MHz. Thus, understanding impedance control and transmission-line
effects are crucial when designing high-speed boards.
Some of the advanced features offered by this board include:
-
The backplane printed circuit board (PCB) is designed for high-speed
signal integrity, while the daughter card is designed with integral
measurement points for easily measuring signal integrity.
-
Subminiature A connectors (SMA) as specified by MIL-C-39012 coaxial
connector specification and parallel fixtures easily are connected to test
equipment.
-
The first bit of each group of input/output signals is accessible for rapid
prototyping.
1-2
1.2GTLP EVM Kit Contents
This EVM kit comprises the following major parts, components of which are
listed in Appendix A.1, GTLP EVM Bill of Materials:
The GTLP EVM kit is not available for resale, but can be obtained and used
for short periods of time by contacting the GTLP team at GTLP@list.ti.com.
There are six locations worldwide where GTLP EVMs can be obtained:
Europe, China, Korea, Japan, and the Americas (2).
1-4
Chapter 2
GTLP EVM Board
Typical Test and Setup Configuration
This chapter describes the GTLP EVM setup and the configurations used to
evaluate the SN74GTLPH1655 transceiver . These configurations can be used
to evaluate different transceivers that will be available in the future.
The EVM is stored and transported in a sturdy plastic case with rollers and
extensible handle (see Figure 2–1). The handle locks in position and can be
extended or retracted by pressing the release on the underside of the handle.
Figure 2–1. GTLP EVM Case
The case is suitable for air transportation and has the combination lock set at
394. To lock the case, rotate one or more of the dials from the opening
combination.
2-2
2.2Top Tray
The top tray fits snuggly in the GTLP EVM case (see Figure 2–2) and holds
the backplane board, power supply , extra clock crystals, and extra termination
cards in place. The tray is electrostatic protective foam that holds the
backplane board during demonstrations.
Figure 2–2. GTLP EVM Top Tray
Top Tray
2-3 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Backplane Board
2.3Backplane Board
The backplane board (see Figure 2–3) is typical of backplanes used in
commercial applications, and consists of 20 slots with 0.94-in. pitch and
48 data bits, and 1 clock bit on stripline transmission lines.
Figure 2–3. GTLP EVM Backplane Board
This backplane board is constructed uniquely of six groups of eight data bits
each to study the effect of different backplane lengths and driver/receiver
placements. Group 1 consists of all 20 slots, but subsequent groups move to
the left (see Figure 2–4) and have a reduced number of slots, as listed in
Table 2–1.
2-4
Backplane Board
Figure 2–4. GTLP EVM Backplane Block Diagram
Backplane Overview
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 5
Slot 6
Slot 7
Slot 8
Slot 9
XX
Clock Generator
X = Termination Card on Back of Connector
Slot 10
Slot 11
Slot 12
Slot 13
Slot 14
Slot 15
Slot 16
Slot 17
Slot 18
Slot 19
Slot 20
Table 2–1. GTLP EVM Group Assignment
Group 6Group 5Group 4Group 3Group 2Group 1
2 slots4 slots8 slots12 slots16 slots20 slots
P1-1 to P1-2P1-1 to P1-4P1-1 to P1-8P1-1 to P1-12P1-1 to P1-16P1-1 to P1-20
A single GTLP clock line that runs from P1-1 to P1-20 is used in the
source-synchronous transfer mode.
The GTLP clock and the data lines from groups 2 through 6 have fixed,
on-board, 25-Ω termination resistors. Group 1 data lines terminate on plug-in
cards on the back of the backplane board at P1-1B and P1-20B. This provides
a way to vary the termination resistance or demonstrate other termination
techniques.
The design also uses a system clock that is generated on the clock-driver
board plugged into P3. This system clock is distributed to all 20 slots
simultaneously and is used as the system master timing in the system-clock
mode. Using a separate card for clock generation and distribution is not an
industry standard, but it provides flexibility in using this demonstration board.
2-5 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Backplane Board
A logic selection line (MODESEL) connects P1-1 through P1-20. The driver
card uses this line to select between source-synchronous and system-clock
operation. The demonstration board is an eight-layer board with separate V
and ground planes. The backplane board stackup is shown in Table 2–2.
Embedded microstrip nominal line width is 0.006 in., dielectric material is
Nelco N4000-13 with a dielectric constant (50% resin contents) of
3.80 @ 100 MHz.
Table 2–2. GTLP EVM Backplane Eight-Layer Stackup
CC
Trace NameUseLayer
TopRegulator power/
bypass capacitor/
termination
Internal signal 2Clock distribution/
signal
Ground planeGround plane31
Internal signal 3Data signal41
Internal signal 4Data signal51
V
CC
V
CC
10.5
21
61
Copper
Weight
(oz)
Physical
Representation
Dielectric
Height
(in.)
0.004B stage
0.004Core
0.004B stage
0.058Core
0.004B stage
0.004Core
Dielectric
Name
Internal signal 5Data signal71
BottomTermination80.5
2-6
0.004B stage
Backplane Board
Targeted, nominal, unloaded line impedance was 50 Ω, but, based on
post-manufacturing testing, was not consistent. Results for Group 1, bits 1
through 8 are shown in T able 2–3. The backplane natural trace impedance (Z
is calculated and is a best estimate. The backplane trace impedance with only
the connector pins attached (i.e., all cards removed) (Z
′) and the backplane
o
trace impedance in a fully loaded backplane (i.e., 20 cards inserted) (Z
measured.
Table 2–3. GTLP EVM Group 1, Bits 1 Through 8 Trace Impedance
Group 1 TraceD1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8
Natural Trace Impedance
Zo (Ω)9147.547474847.58347.5
tpd (ps/in.)165140138139141148147142
C
Note the difference in fully loaded trace impedance between trace bit 1 and
bit 7 (D1 and D7) and the other traces. Using the lower natural trace
impedance offers the advantage of a smaller t
and shorter flight time, but at
pd
the expense of terminating with a lower-value termination resistor and the
subsequent increase in power consumption. TI offers both medium-drive
(50 mA) and high-drive (100 mA) GTLP devices that allow designers to match
the device with backplane loading. The termination resistor (R
) should
TT
match the fully loaded trace impedance (i.e., Zo′′) of the backplane for optimal
signal integrity.
2-7 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Connectors
2.4Connectors
An AMP Z-P ACK 2-mm, 110-pin, hard-metric (HM) male connector is used
in slots 1 through 20 (see Figure 2–5) .
Figure 2–5. AMP Z-PACK 2-mm, 110-Pin, Hard-Metric (HM) Male Connector
Five pins are used on the backplane, with three different lengths on the
backplane daughter-card side. Pins A, B, and C are used for data/VCC,
BIAS V
, and GND, respectively. C-length pins are in the center, and
CC
A-length pins are in two rows on either side. The daughter-card connectors
P1-1 through P1-20 use these three levels of pin height for power sequencing.
The ground pins make contact first, followed by a pin for BIAS V
other connections are made. There is only one B-length pin because BIAS V
, then all
CC
CC
can be distributed to all four GTLP devices on the board. The pin lengths of
pins K and T are identical to those of pins A and C on the card side, but they
protrude through the backplane board, providing connection to the termination
cards that are on the reverse side.
Initial testing revealed that this pin configuration was unacceptable for actual
operation because the BIAS V
circuitry was disabled before all I/O pins were
CC
connected. Any tilt on the card caused VCC to be connected first. Some slots
in selected EVMs have been modified, so that BIAS V
and GND are
CC
C length, data signal is B length, and VCC is A length, to allow proper operation
of the BIAS V
precharge circuitry.
CC
Various AMP pin lengths, including pins A, B, C, K, and T, are shown in
Figure 2–6, and the single-line-model data sheet is shown in Figure 2–7.
2-8
Figure 2–6. AMP Pin Lengths
Connectors
* X, U, V are used only for cross-connect applications. Not all versions are tooled.
2-9 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Connectors
Figure 2–7. AMP Single-Line-Model Data Sheet
2-10
2.5Power Supply
The power supply (see Figure 2–8) is a universal power supply that accepts
100 V to 240 V , 50/60-Hz ac and uses any wall plug that connects to the IEC
320 two-connector universal socket with the US/Canada Edison plug. An
alternate supply cord with a different wall plug must be procured locally, if
required.
The power-supply output is 24-Vdc at 2.1 A, which is fed to the backplane
board using the 5.5-mm plug to J5 (see Figure 2–8), and connects through a
2.5-A slow-blow fuse (F1). Power should not be applied to the backplane board
until the cards have been inserted during the initial setup because the clock
card is not hot insertable. The termination, daughter cards, and clock crystals
are live insertable and can be inserted and removed to change position/values
during testing without disconnecting the power supply.
Figure 2–8. Power Supply (Left) and Backplane Connection (Right)
Power Supply
The 24-Vdc is reduced to 5 V, 1 A by the Lambda PM10-24S05 switching
regulator (Figure 2–8 background) and to 3.3 V, 7.5 A by the Lambda
PM30-24503 switching regulator (Figure 2–8 foreground) for V
and the linear regulator. The 3.3 V is supplied to all connectors through a 5-A
fuse (F2). The 5 V also is applied to all connectors. Originally , F2 was specified
as a 3.5-A fuse, but, at 100-MHz operation, current exceeds this value, so 5-A
fuses are necessary.
, BIAS VCC,
CC
2-11 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Power Supply
The 3.3 V is further reduced to 1.5 V , 7.5 A by the LT1083CP linear regulator
(see Figure 2–9) for the termination voltage (VTT). VTT is set by the
combination of R1 and R2 and can be varied in the factory between 0.8 V to
1.8 V, but is set at 1.0 V for field use at GTLP levels. The 5-V power supply is
required for driver cards that use both 5-V and 3.3-V V
SN74GTLPH16612. There is an option to change the 5-V power supply to
2.5 V for future devices at that voltage node. This is accomplished by removing
JP1 (near the dc converter) and installing an LM317M regulator (U2), R5, and
R6. The two resistors set the output voltage of the regulator.
Figure 2–9. 1.5-V VTT Linear Regulator
, such as the
CC
Unitrode offers two devices (UC382 and UC385) that can be used in place of
the LT1083CP. They offer low dropout at a given current (500-mV dropout
maximum at 5 A), the ability to handle transients with tight regulation,
high-current capability, fast transient response, separate bias and V
pins,
in
and 5-pin TO220 and TO263 packages with Kelvin sensing. UC382 provides
3-A capacity and UC385 provides 5-A capacity with fixed (1.5 V, 2.1 V, or
2.5 V) or adjustable-output-voltage capability.
Power-supply operation indication is provided by three LEDs (see
Figure 2–10) on the upper edge of the backplane opposite slot 16:
-
LED 1 – 24-V green LED shows there is power coming to the board.
-
LED 2 – 5-V green LED shows the 5-V power supply is operational.
-
LED 3 – 3.3-V red LED shows the 3.3-V power supply is supplying power
to the devices, BIAS VCC, and linear regulator.
2-12
Figure 2–10. Power-Supply LED Indicators
Power Supply
2-13 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Clock Crystals
2.6Clock Crystals
Clock frequency is controlled by the clock-driver card and is limited by
clock-control components to 100 MHz. The GTLP receiver device is used in
a latched mode of operation, so GTLP data frequency is equal to one-half the
clock frequency . Clock crystals and spares, in frequencies of 66 MHz, 75 MHz,
87 MHz, and 100 MHz, are included with the kit. One crystal can be installed
on each clock card, with the others stored in the clock-crystal tube (see
Figure 2–11).
Figure 2–11.Clock Crystal on Card (Left) and Stored in Tube (Right)
If you plan to store the clock-driver card with the crystal installed, insert the
crystal far enough so that the leads barely protrude on the opposite side (see
Figure 2–12). This prevents bending the leads if they catch on the foam when
the card is placed in the case.
Figure 2–12. Clock Crystal With Leads in Position for Storage
2-14
2.7Termination Cards
Because proper backplane termination has a large effect on signal integrity
and is investigated easily, Group 1 has removable termination cards on the
back of the backplane (see Figure 2–13). The termination cards are identical,
except for the resistor values that are 25 Ω, 33 Ω, 38 Ω, or 50 Ω. One bypass
capacitor is mounted with every other termination resistor to limit voltage
fluctuations. The termination cards provide a method of varying the
termination resistance to only Group 1 data lines. These termination resistors
connect to the V
Figure 2–13. Termination Card Location (Left) and Close-Up View (Right)
supply (1.5 V because GTLP levels are used).
TT
Match Dots
Termination Cards
Connector Key.
Can be reversed, so
ensure that dots are
on the same side.
The termination cards have a four-layer stackup. The stackup is signal layer,
VCC plane, ground plane, and signal layer (see Table 2–4).
2-15 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Termination Cards
Table 2–4. Termination-Card Stackup
Trace NameUseLayer
TopData signal10.5
V
planeVCC plane21
CC
Ground planeGround plane31
Bottom
Data signal40.5
Groups 2 through 6 have 25-Ω fixed termination resistors due to space
limitations, and have one bypass capacitor for every four termination resistors.
The 25-Ω termination is optimized for estimated 25-Ω loaded-line impedance.
The termination cards can remain installed on the backplane board or be
removed during storage and transit. Both termination cards can be stored in
the same slot in the tray (see Figure 2–14) or stored separately. If stored
together, the resistor/capacitor sides must face each other.
Figure 2–14. Termination-Card Storage
Copper
Weight (oz)
Physical
Representation
Dielectric
Height (in.)
0.004B stage
0.004Core
0.004B stage
Dielectric
Name
2-16
2.8Bottom Compartment
The portable oscilloscope and backplane daughter cards are stored under the
top tray of the GTLP EVM case (see Figure 2–15).
Figure 2–15. Oscilloscope and Backplane Daughter-Card Storage Area
Clock
Cards
Bottom Compartment
Monitored
Receiver
Cards
Oscilloscope
Storage
Driver
Cards
Unmonitored
Receiver
Cards
Empty
Slots
There are 2 clock cards, 19 unmonitored receiver cards, 3 monitored receiver
cards, and 2 driver cards in every GTLP EVM kit. Store the cards as shown
in Figure 2–15, with the 2 clock cards (top left) followed by 10 unmonitored
receiver cards, 3 monitored receiver cards (middle left) followed by
9 unmonitored receiver cards, 2 driver cards (bottom left) followed by
10 empty slots.
2-17 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Measurement Equipment
2.9Measurement Equipment
The T ektronix THS730A Oscilloscope/DMM (O-Scope) (see Figure 2–16) can
be stored in the bottom of the case (see Figure 2–15). It is easy to operate and
is portable. The O-Scope can monitor two channels simultaneously . Store the
O-Scope face down to prevent damage to the buttons during transit. The
probes can be stored on top of the O-Scope, as shown, or alongside,
depending on the amount of space in either location. The O-Scope is not
included with the loaned EVM kits. Chapter 3, Oscilloscope Operation,
discusses O-Scope setup and operation and is included to provide assistance
to TI product marketing engineers and technical sales representatives when
demonstrating the GTLP EVM to customers in the field.
Figure 2–16. Tektronix THS730A O-Scope
2-18
2.10 Clock Cards
Two clock cards (see Figure 2–17) are included with the EVM, one primary and
one spare. The clock cards generate the clock signal that is sent to every slot
via mitered lines, so that the clock arrives at exactly the same time at each
card. The clock card uses a plug-in half-can oscillator for a reference to two
CDC2586 phase-locked-loop clock drivers. These two drivers provide the
20 system clocks used on the backplane. The CDC2586 supports a maximum
frequency of 100 MHz. The clock card has one subminiature B connector
(SMB) as specified by MIL-C-39012 coaxial connector specification test point
to monitor the oscillator output.
Figure 2–17. GTLP EVM Clock Card
Clock Cards
The clock-card board is a four-layer printed circuit board (PCB). The stackup
is signal layer, VCC plane, ground plane, and signal layer (see Table 2–5).
2-19 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Clock Cards
Table 2–5. Clock-Card Stackup
Copper
Trace NameUseLayer
TopData signal10.5
V
planeVCC plane21
CC
Ground planeGround plane31
Bottom
Data signal40.5
Weight (oz)
Physical
Representation
Dielectric
Height (in.)
0.004B stage
0.004Core
0.004B stage
Dielectric
Name
2-20
2.11 Driver Cards
Separate driver and receiver daughter cards were manufactured for use on the
backplane because, even though the bidirectional SN74GTLPH1655 device
is used, each type of card is hardwired to operate in a certain direction. The
driver card generates a data pattern from the system clock and drives the
GTLP lines on the backplane. The GTLP devices are hardwired for clocked
storage in the A-to-B direction. Data is transmitted on the rising edge of the
system clock. The driver card is a six-layer PCB with two signal layers, a
plane, a ground plane, then two signal layers. Stackup is shown in
V
CC
Table 2–6.
Table 2–6. Driver-Card Stackup
Driver Cards
Copper
Trace NameUseLayer
TopData signal10.5
Internal signal 2Data signal21
V
planeVCC plane31
CC
Ground planeGround plane41
Internal signal 3Data signal51
Bottom
Data signal61
Weight (oz)
Physical
Representation
Dielectric
Height (in.)
0.004B stage
0.004Core
0.004B stage
0.004Core
0.004B stage
Dielectric
Name
2-21 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Driver Cards
The driver daughter card (see Figure 2–18) has SMB monitor points for
selected LVTTL and GTLP signals, in addition to jumpers for Group 1, bit 1
switching (JB1), system or SN74GTLP1394 source-synchronous clock
selection (JB2), and selection of the SN74GTLPH1655 slow or fast edge rate
(JB3). The monitor points along the top edge are the latch clock and the master
data pattern sent to all SN74GTLPH1655 L VTTL A-port inputs. There are no
LVTTL group-bit monitor points because the card always is driven. Monitor
points along the right edge are GTLP Group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.The following
signals are monitored:
-
TP1GTLP levelGroup 1, bit 1
-
TP2GTLP levelGroup 2, bit 1
-
TP3GTLP levelGroup 3, bit 1
-
TP4GTLP levelGroup 4, bit 1
-
TP5GTLP levelGroup 5, bit 1
-
TP6GTLP levelGroup 6, bit 1
-
TP7LVTTL levelGroup 1, bit 1, and master data pattern
-
TP8LVTTL levelGTLP latch clock
Figure 2–18. GTLP EVM Driver Daughter Card
TP7
JB1
TP8
GTLPH1655
GTLP1394
JB2
2-22
JB2
TP1
TP2
TP3
TP4
TP5
TP6
Driver Cards
r
2.11.1 Single-Bit Selection
JB1 three-position jumper is used to set Group 1, bit 1 to pass the normal data
pattern, set the signal low, or set the signal high (see Figure 2–19). The JB1
jumper is stored on the lowest pin (see Figure 2–19) when set high, to prevent
losing it. The following options are available:
-
JB1 1-2 shortedGroup 1, bit 1 normal data pattern
-
JB1 2-3 shortedGroup 1, bit 1 held low
-
JB1 openGroup 1, bit 1 held high
Figure 2–19. Bit Selection for Normal Data Pattern (Left), Signal Held Low (Center), or
Signal Held High (Right)
JB1 Jumpe
2-23 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Driver Cards
2.11.2 Edge-Rate Control
The device used as the backplane driver, SN74GTLPH1655, has a feature by
which the backplane slew rate is adjustable via an external edge-rate-control
(ERC) pin held at 3.3 V (slow) or GND (fast). The ERC is set by the JB3 jumper
located below the bit-selection jumper and has two positions: not connected
is slow, and shorted is fast (see Figure 2–20). The following ERC options are
available:
-
JB3 openSlow edge rate
-
JB3 shortedFast edge rate
Figure 2–20. ERC Bit-Selection Jumper Set for Slow (Left) or Fast (Right) Rate
Backplanes usually have a system-wide synchronous clock. A system clock
provides an absolute reference time signal from the clock card to every
daughter card at exactly the same time. Source-synchronous clock operation
is different because it allows the absolute system clock to be sent by the
backplane driver along with the data. In the EVM, this is implemented with the
SN74GTLP1394 transceiver on all daughter cards. This transceiver acts as
the driver on the driver cards and as the receiver on the receiver cards. The
SN74GTLP1394 has ERC that is set to the fast edge rate in conjunction with
the JB3 selection.
Source-synchronous clock operation provides a relative clock to all receiver
cards, which removes the flight-time delay restrictions required when an
absolute system clock is used. The flight-time delay depends primarily on bus
length and bus loading.
The driver card uses JB2 to select the transfer mode of operation and to drive
the MODESEL line. Source-synchronous clock operation is selected when the
JB2 jumper shorts the pins, and system-clock operation is selected when the
pins are open (see Figure 2–21). When JB2 is shorted, the SN74GTLP1394
drives the GTLP clock line with a phased system clock. When JB2 is open,
there is no activity on the GTLP clock line. The following options are available:
Driver Cards
-
JB2 shortedSource-synchronous clock transfer
-
JB2 openSystem-clock transfer
Figure 2–21. JB2 Set to Source-Synchronous Clock (Left) or System-Clock (Right)
Operation
2-25 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Receiver Cards
2.12 Receiver Cards
Receiver cards place a load on the backplane and provide a point to monitor
the signals. There are two types of receiver cards: one that has built-in monitor
points, and one with no monitor points. Either type can be placed in any slot
in the backplane, typically with the monitored receiver card placed in the slots
under observation. There is a monitor point for only one bit per group. Only a
few receiver cards have monitor points because the capacitance added by the
monitor point affects backplane signal integrity . Minimal use of the monitored
receiver card is encouraged because of the increased loading this card
causes.
Receiver cards have GTLP devices hardwired for clocked storage in the
B-to-A direction. Data is latched on the rising edge of the GTLP latch clock. The
latch clock comes from the system clock when the MODESEL line is high, and
from the GTLP clock when the MODESEL line is low. The receiver card is a
six-layer PCB with two signal layers, a V
signal layers. The GTLP data and clock stub lines are approximately 1 in. in
length. Stackup is shown in Table 2–7.
Table 2–7. Receiver-Card Stackup
plane, a ground plane, then two
CC
Copper
Trace NameUseLayer
TopData signal10.5
Internal signal 2Data signal21
V
planeVCC plane31
CC
Ground planeGround plane41
Internal signal 3Data signal51
Bottom
Data signal61
Weight (oz)
Physical
Representation
Dielectric
Height (in.)
0.004B stage
0.004Core
0.004B stage
0.004Core
0.004B stage
Dielectric
Name
2-26
Receiver Cards
Figure 2–22 shows a monitored receiver card. Monitor points on the right side
are for GTLP Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Monitor points on the top are for L VTTL
latch clock, Groups 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1. The L VTTL latch-clock source is either
the system clock or source-synchronous clock. The source-synchronous
clock is the system clock sent via the SN74GTLP1394 driver card along the
1-bit clock trace on the backplane to the SN74GTLP1394 receiver card that
converts it back to LVTTL logic levels.
The monitored receiver card has SMB jacks to monitor selected signals:
-
TP1GTLP levelGroup 1, bit 1
-
TP2GTLP levelGroup 2, bit 1
-
TP3GTLP levelGroup 3, bit 1
-
TP4GTLP levelGroup 4, bit 1
-
TP5GTLP levelGroup 5, bit 1
-
TP6GTLP levelGroup 6, bit 1
-
TP7LVTTL levelGroup 1, bit 1
-
TP8LVTTL levelGroup 2, bit 1
-
TP9LVTTL levelGroup 3, bit 1
-
TP10LVTTL levelGroup 4, bit 1
-
TP11LVTTL levelGroup 5, bit 1
-
TP12LVTTL levelGroup 6, bit 1
-
TP13LVTTL levelGTLP latch clock
2-27 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Receiver Cards
Figure 2–22. GTLP EVM Monitored Receiver Card
TP13TP12 TP11 TP10 TP9 TP8 TP7
TP1
TP2
TP3
TP4
TP5
TP6
Note:
SN74GTL1655 devices were used on the receiver cards. The
SN74GTLPH1655 was in development and initial preproduction samples
were used for the driver cards, but insufficient quantities were available for
the receiver cards. The SN74GTL1655 and SN74GTLPH1655 are identical,
except for the B-port output edge rate (slew) and B-port C
. Because the
io
GTLP signals only are received by the receiver cards, it is essentially
immaterial which devices are used on the receiver cards, because both have
the same differential input (except for the difference in B-port C
, which is
io
6 pF typical and 8 pF maximum for the SN74GTL1655, and 8.5 pF typical and
10.5 pF maximum for the SN74GTLPH1655). GTLP devices have a larger
B-port C
, because a larger transistor and ESD cell is required by the newer
io
CMOS process.
2-28
Backplane Setup
2.13 Backplane Setup
2.13.1 Insertion of Clock Cards
The clock-card connectors (see Figure 2–23) use AMP 55-pin, 2-mm, HM
connectors and are identical to the backplane termination-card connectors.
They can be mated improperly because they are keyed only on one side,
whereas the backplane connectors are keyed in the center and do not allow
improper insertion.
The clock card should be inserted or removed from the backplane
only after power has been disconnected, to prevent damage to the
CDC components.
Figure 2–23. AMP Z-PACK, 2-mm, 55-Pin, HM Male (Left) and Female (Right)
Clock-Card Connectors
Connector Key
Figure 2–24 shows the mating sequence. When mated, the connectors should
be firm with no lines showing. Some rocking action might be required to seat
or remove the connectors, but should be minimal to prevent bending the pins.
Connector Key
2-29 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Backplane Setup
Figure 2–24. Connector Premate (Left), Mating (Center), and Mated (Right)
Key
Figure 2–25 (left) shows the clock card properly inserted, with the CDC
components and the clock crystal facing away from the backplane connectors
and daughter cards. Y ellow dots are located on the connector and the card to
help ensure proper orientation. Figure 2–25 (right) shows the card
improperly inserted.
Figure 2–25. Clock Card Properly (Left) and Improperly (Right) Inserted
Match
Dots
2-30
2.13.2 Insertion of Clock Crystals
Clock crystals are live insertable, unlike the clock card, which is not live
insertable. Clock crystals are inserted easily on the clock card by pulling off
one crystal and inserting the new crystal (see Figure 2–26). The leads can be
bent gently to ease insertion. The clock crystal need not be inserted fully flush
with the card for proper operation. In fact, this condition is preferred if the clock
card is stored with the crystal inserted, otherwise, the foam liner can bend the
exposed leads.
Figure 2–26. Clock Crystal Removal (Left) and Insertion (Right)
Backplane Setup
2-31 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Backplane Setup
2.13.3 Insertion of Termination Cards
Termination-card, AMP Z-PACK, 2-mm, 55-pin, HM male and female
connectors are identical to the clock-card connectors, and are inserted directly
onto the K and T pins used for slots 1 and 20, V
termination card connectors are keyed on the top (see Figure 2–27), they can
be inserted backward because they are keyed on only one side.
Figure 2–27. Termination-Card Keying
Be sure that the red dot on the male connector and the card are facing each
other, to prevent improper operation. Both termination-card components face
the same direction, toward slot 20, so the key to proper operation is to inspect
for the keying and line up the red dots (see Figure 2–28). If the backplane is
not working, the proper orientation of the termination cards should be the first
thing you check. The cards can be rocked slightly side to side to seat and
remove them, but avoid bending the pins.
, and data bits. Although the
CC
Keying
Figure 2–28. Slot 1 (Left) and Slot 20 (Right) Termination Cards on the Backplane
2-32
2.13.4 Insertion of Driver and Receiver Cards
The driver and receiver cards are live insertable and are easy to insert and
remove, although some slight side-to-side rocking action might be required.
The cards can be inserted into any slot in any order, but only one driver card
should be used at any one time. There is no bus contention damage if multiple
driver cards are in operation at the same time, this is one key benefit from using
the GTLP open-drain technology. Figure 2–29 shows the connector keying
that allows the cards to be placed on the connector in only one direction. When
inserted properly, the component side of the card faces slot 1.
Figure 2–29. Driver and Receiver Connector Keying
Backplane Setup
Keying
Figure 2–30 shows the keying in more detail. The upper key is wider than the
lower key, preventing improper insertion.
2-33 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
Backplane Setup
Figure 2–30. Close-up View of Connector Keying
Wide Key
Narrow Key
The card should be placed squarely on the connector and pressed down (see
Figure 2–31), with very little side-to-side motion. The components are facing
left towards slot 1, the power supplies are on the top/right, and the Group 1–6
markings are on the bottom/left. The card in Figure 2–31 is being inserted into
slot 20.
Figure 2–31. Proper Connector Mating Sequence (Left to Right)
Figure 2–32 shows the connectors properly mated.
2-34
Figure 2–32. Connectors Properly Mated
Backplane Setup
2-35 GTLP EVM Board Typical Test and Setup Configuration
The recommended oscilloscope (O-Scope) for the GTLP EVM is the T ektronix
THS730A (see Figure 3–1). It allows only two-channel operation, which should
be sufficient for most investigations done with the demonstration backplane.
Figure 3–1. Tektronix O-Scope Front (Left) and Top (Right)
SMB adapters (see Figure 3–2) are needed to properly mate T ektronix probes
with the test points. These adapters are custom built for the T ektronix O-Scope
probes and are not normally included in the GTLP EVM.
Figure 3–2. O-Scope Probe Monitor-Point Adapters
3-2
3.2Measurements
The first step in taking measurements is to plug one probe into channel 1
(CH 1) of the O-Scope and connect the opposite end to the desired monitor
point. Plug the other probe into channel 2 (CH 2) of the O-Scope and connect
the opposite end to the desired monitor point (see Figures 3–1 and 3–3).
Chapter 4, Waveform Measurement and Interpretation, discusses which
monitor points should be used and why.
Figure 3–3. Simple Test-Measurement Connection
Measurements
Press the ON/STBY button on the O-Scope (see Figure 3–4), and press the
CH 1 or CH 2 button.
Figure 3–4. Turn On O-Scope (Left) and Select Channel (Right)
3-3Oscilloscope Operation
Measurements
Waveforms similar to those in Figure 3–5, depending on how the O-Scope
presets were set, are displayed. In Figure 3–5, CH 2 is selected.
Figure 3–5. O-Scope Display
3-4
To adjust the timing (x or horizontal axis), press the appropriate side of the
SEC/DIV button (see Figure 3–6). An example of the results is shown for
50 ns/division and 100 ns/division. Timing is the same for both channels and
is independent of channel selection.
Figure 3–6. Timing Adjustment
To adjust the voltage (y or vertical axis), press the top or bottom of the
VOLTS/DIV button (see Figure 3–7). An example of the results is shown for
Ch2 at 1 V (center) and Ch2 at 2 V (right). Voltage adjustment is independent
of channels, which are selected by pressing either the CH 1 or the CH 2 button.
Measurements
Figure 3–7. Voltage Adjustment
3-5Oscilloscope Operation
Measurements
To adjust the trigger, press the MENU button (see Figure 3–8), then press
Trigger Source to display a submenu. In the submenu, select Ch1, Ch2, or Ext
[DMM] by repeatedly pressing the same Trigger Source button. After the
appropriate trigger is selected, press the CLEAR MENU button to restore the
O-Scope to operation.
Figure 3–8. Trigger Adjustment
3-6
Chapter 4
Waveform Measurement and Interpretation
In this chapter, five dif ferent measurement cases are discussed in detail, and
several more measurement combinations are outlined. Many other
combinations are possible.
TopicPage
4.1Timing Relationship of Driver Card (D1) Data Pattern (Ch1) and
Timing Relationship of Driver Card (D1) Data Pattern (Ch1) and Driver Card (D1) Latch Clock (Ch2)
4.1Timing Relationship of Driver Card (D1) Data Pattern (Ch1) and
Driver Card (D1) Latch Clock (Ch2)
Figure 4–1 shows the probe hookup and related O-Scope output for Case 1.
The LVTTL latch clock signal goes to the SN74GTLPH1655 driving device
CLK pin, and the LVTTL data signal goes to the A-port input pin, specifically
the Group 1, bit 1 data signal.
Figure 4–1. Case 1: D1 Data Pattern (Ch1) and D1 Latch Clock (Ch2)
LVTTL
Data
Input
LVTTL
Latch-Clock
Input
4-2
Timing Relationship of Driver Card (D1) Data Pattern (Ch1) and Driver Card (D1) Group 1 GTLP Data Out (Ch2)
4.2Timing Relationship of Driver Card (D1) Data Pattern (Ch1) and
Driver Card (D1) Group 1 GTLP Data Out (Ch2)
Figure 4–2 shows the probe hookup and O-Scope output for Case 2. The
LVTTL data goes into the SN74GTLPH1655 driving device A-port input, and
the GTLP data comes out of the B-port output. The driver-card GTLP data
output comes out after the rising edge of the clock, in addition to the CLK-to-B
propagation delay. This is why the signals look 180 degrees out of phase.
Figure 4–2. Case 2: D1 Data Pattern (Ch1) and D1 Group 1 GTLP Data Out (Ch2)
LVTTL
Data
Input
GTLP
Data
Output
4-3Waveform Measurement and Interpretation
Timing Relationship of Driver Card (D1) Data Pattern (Ch1) and Receiver Card (R2) Group 1 GTLP Data In (Ch2)
4.3Timing Relationship of Driver Card (D1) Data Pattern (Ch1) and
Receiver Card (R2) Group 1 GTLP Data In (Ch2)
Figure 4–3 shows the probe hookup and O-Scope output for Case 3. The
LVTTL data input goes to the SN74GTLPH1655 driving device A-port input,
and the GTLP data input goes to the SN74GTL1655 receiving device B-port
in slot 2. These waveforms look similar to those in Figure 4–2, but with slightly
more delay caused by the flight time between slots 1 and 2.
Figure 4–3. Case 3: D1 Data Pattern (Ch1) and R2 Group 1 GTLP Data In (Ch2)
LVTTL
Data
Input
GTLP
Data
Input
4-4
Timing Relationship of Driver Card (D1) Data Pattern (Ch1) and Receiver Card (R2) Group 1 LVTTL Data Out (Ch2)
4.4Timing Relationship of Driver Card (D1) Data Pattern (Ch1) and
Receiver Card (R2) Group 1 LVTTL Data Out (Ch2)
Figure 4–4 shows the probe hookup and O-Scope output for Case 4. The
LVTTL data input goes to the SN74GTLPH1655 driving device A-port input,
and the LVTTL data output of the SN74GTL1655 receiving device goes to
A port in slot 2. Because the GTLP EVM is clocked using the central system
clock (i.e., clock arrives at all daughter cards at the same time) the total delay
from the LVTTL data input on slot 1 to the LVTTL data output on slot 2 is the
sum of one clock cycle (20 ns), the setup time on the driver card (∼9 ns), and
the propagation delay of the GTLPH1655 CLK to A of about 3 ns. The GTLP
EVM driver card is set up to transmit sixteen bits of data and then wait eight
cycles before transmitting again. This allows the technician to determine the
total delay. In this case, assuming the waveform in Ch1 had just started, the
total delay is about 32 ns.
Figure 4–4. Case 4: D1 Data Pattern (Ch1) and R2 Group 1 LVTTL Data Out (Ch2)
Total Propagation Delay
LVTTL
Data
Input
LVTTL
Data
Output
4-5Waveform Measurement and Interpretation
Timing Relationship of Receiver Card (R2) Group 1 GTLP Data In (Ch1)
4.5Timing Relationship of Receiver Card (R2) Group 1 GTLP Data In (Ch1)
and Receiver Card (R20) Group 1 GTLP Data In (Ch2)
Figure 4–5 shows the probe hookup and O-Scope output for Case 5. Y ou can
see the flight-time delay between the output of the SN74GTLPH1655 driving
device B port in slot 1 and the SN74GTL1655 receiving device B port in
slot 20. Total flight time is about 9 ns.
Figure 4–5. Case 5: R2 Group 1 GTLP Data In (Ch1) and R20 Group 1 GTLP Data In
(Ch2)
Flight-Time Delay
GTLP
Data
Input
GTLP
Data
Input
4-6
4.6Monitored Waveforms
There are differences in waveforms between GTLP monitor test points and
measurements taken at the backplane connector pins, due to interference
from LVTTL data and clock signals not shielded adequately on the daughter
cards. This concern is only for this demonstration backplane because there is
no reason to extend the GTLP signals past the GTLP device B-port output pins
on operational daughter cards. Figures 4–6 and 4–7 show the difference
between waveforms taken directly on the backplane and those taken from the
monitor test points under fully loaded conditions at a clock frequency of
23 MHz. Waveforms shown in Figures 4–6 and 4–7 are at one-half clock
frequency, or 11.5 MHz, and are taken with various termination cards.
Figure 4–6. GTLP Backplane Waveforms at 23-MHz Clock Frequency
Monitored Waveforms
Figure 4–7. GTLP Monitor Test-Point Waveforms at 23-MHz Clock Frequency
Each EVM is equipped with spare fuses and jumpers (see Figure 5–1).
Figure 5–1. Spare Fuses and Jumpers
5-2
5.2Replacing 5-A Fuse F2
Fuse F2 (see Figure 5–2) provides power from the 3.3-V switching regulator
to the 3.3-V power plane and blows if V
occur if a connector pin is bent during insertion or if measurements are taken
directly from the backplane.
F2 can be replaced easily with one of the spare fuses. Simply disconnect
power from the board, and pull out the fuse with pliers (see Figure 5–2). Push
in the new fuse, and reconnect the power supply.
Figure 5–2. Fuse F2 (Left) and Removal Procedure (Right)
Replacing 5-A Fuse F2
is shorted to GND. Shorting can
CC
5-3Troubleshooting
Replacing 2.5-A Fuse F1
5.3Replacing 2.5-A Fuse F1
Fuse F1 (see Figure 5–3) provides power from the power supply to the 3.3-V
and 5-V switching regulators and blows if the switching regulators fail. It is
replaced as easily as fuse F2. Disconnect the power from the board, pull out
the fuse with pliers, push in the new fuse, then reconnect the power supply.
Figure 5–3. Fuse F1
5-4
5.4Damage to the Daughter Cards
The daughter cards are not field repairable and must be returned to the factory
for repair.
Z-PAK 110-Pin Male Connector20
Z-PAK 55-Pin Male Connector1
2.5 AMP Fuseholder1
5 AMP Fuseholder1
Surface Mount 0.01uF Cap3
Surface Mount 0.1uF Cap75
Surface Mount Tantalum 10uF/10V Cap4
Surface Mount Tantalum 1uF/35V Cap2
Surface Mount Tantalum 47uF/10V Cap2
Surface Mount 100 ohm Resistor1
Surface Mount 120 ohm Resistor1
Surface Mount 1.5K ohm Resistor1
Surface Mount 20 ohm Resistor1
Surface Mount 240 ohm Resistor1
Surface Mount 25 ohm Resistor1
Green LED2
Red LED1
L T1083CP Voltage Regulator1
Powerjack1
24V-to-5V DC-to-DC Converter1
24V-to-3.3V DC-to-DC Converter1