Low-Power Sub-1-GHz Fractional-N UHF Device Family for Automotive
1Introduction
1.1Features
12
• Qualification in Accordance With AEC-Q100
Grade 1
• Extended Temperature Range Up To 125°C
• Radio-Frequency (RF) Performance
– High Sensitivity (–114 dBm at 1.2 kBaud,
315 MHz, 1% Packet Error Rate)
– Low Current Consumption (15.5 mA in
Receive, 1.2 kBaud, 315 MHz)
• Programmable Output Power up to +10 dBm for
All Supported Frequencies
• Excellent Receiver Selectivity and Blocking
Performance
• Programmable Data Rate From 1.2 kBaud to
250 kBaud
• Frequency Bands: 310 MHz to 348 MHz,
420 MHz to 450 MHz, and 779 MHz to 928 MHz
• Analog Features
– 2-FSK, GFSK, and MSK Supported, as Well
as OOK and Flexible ASK Shaping
– Suitable for Frequency-Hopping Systems
Due to a Fast Settling Frequency
Synthesizer: 90-µs Settling Time
– Automatic Frequency Compensation (AFC)
Can Align Frequency Synthesizer to
Received Center Frequency
– Integrated Analog Temperature Sensor
• Digital Features
– Flexible Support for Packet-Oriented
Systems: On-Chip Support for Sync Word
Detection, Address Check, Flexible Packet
Length, and Automatic CRC Handling
– Efficient SPI Interface: All Registers Can Be
Programmed With One Burst Transfer
– Digital RSSI Output
– Programmable Channel Filter Bandwidth
– Programmable Carrier Sense (CS) Indicator
– Programmable Preamble Quality Indicator
(PQI) for Improved Protection Against False
Sync Word Detection in Random Noise
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– Support for Automatic Clear Channel
Assessment (CCA) Before Transmitting (for
Listen-Before-Talk Systems)
– Support for Per-Package Link Quality
Indication (LQI)
– Optional Automatic Whitening and
Dewhitening of Data
• Low-Power Features
– Fast Startup Time: 240 µs From Sleep to
Receive (RX) or Transmit (TX) Mode
– Wake-On-Radio Functionality for Automatic
Low-Power RX Polling
– Separate 64-Byte RX and TX Data FIFOs
(Enables Burst Mode Data Transmission)
• General
– Few External Components: Completely
On-Chip Frequency Synthesizer, No External
Filters or RF Switch Needed
– Green Package: RoHS Compliant and No
Antimony or Bromine
– Small Size QFN 5-mm×5-mm 32-Pin Package
– Suited for Systems Compliant With
EN 300 220 (Europe) and FCC CFR Part 15
(US)
– Support for Asynchronous and Synchronous
Serial Receive/Transmit Mode for Backward
Compatibility With Existing Radio
Communication Protocols
– Designed for Automotive Applications
1.2Applications
•Ultra-Low-Power Wireless Applications in the
315/433/868/915-MHz ISM/SRD Bands
•Remote Keyless Entry Systems
•Passive Entry/Passive Start Systems
•Vehicle Service Links
•Garage Door Opener
•TPMS Systems
1
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
2SmartRF is a registered trademark of Texas Instruments.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
All family members are pin-to-pin and software compatible.
UHF TransceiversCC1101IRHBRG4Q1 (–40°C to 85°C)
CC1101TRHBRG4Q1 (–40°C to 105°C)
CC1101QRHBRG4Q1 (–40°C to 125°C)
UHF ReceiversCC1131IRHBRG4Q1 (–40°C to 85°C)
CC1131TRHBRG4Q1 (–40°C to 105°C)
CC1131QRHBRG4Q1 (–40°C to 125°C)
UHF TransmittersCC1151IRHBRG4Q1 (–40°C to 85°C)
CC1151TRHBRG4Q1 (–40°C to 105°C)
CC1151QRHBRG4Q1 (–40°C to 125°C)
1.5Description
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The CC11x1-Q1 device family is designed for very low-power wireless applications. The circuits are
mainly intended for the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) and Short Range Device (SRD) frequency
bands at 315 MHz, 433 MHz, 868 MHz, and 915 MHz, but can easily be programmed for operation at
other frequencies in the 310-MHz to 348-MHz, 420-MHz to 450-MHz, and 779-MHz to 928-MHz bands.
The devices integrate a highly configurable baseband modem. The modem supports various modulation
formats and has a configurable data rate up to 250 kBaud. CC11x1-Q1 family provides extensive
hardware support for packet handling, data buffering, burst transmissions, clear channel assessment, link
quality indication, and wake-on-radio. The main operating parameters and the 64-byte transmit/receive
FIFOs can be controlled via an SPI interface. In a typical system, the devices are used together with a
microcontroller and a few additional passive components.
WARNING
This product shall not be used in any of the following products or systems
without prior express written permission from Texas Instruments:
(i) implantable cardiac rhythm management systems, including without
limitation pacemakers, defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization devices;
(ii) external cardiac rhythm management systems that communicate directly
with one or more implantable medical devices; or
(iii) other devices used to monitor or treat cardiac function, including without
limitation pressure sensors, biochemical sensors and neurostimulators.
Please contact lpw-medical-approval@list.ti.com if your application might fall
within a category described above.
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2Electrical Specifications
2.1Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
V
DD
Supply voltage
Voltage on any digital pin–0.3 V to (VDD+ 0.3 V)
Voltage on the pins RF_P, RF_N, DCOUPL1 and DCOUPL2–0.3 V to 2 V
Voltage ramp-up rate120 kV/µs
Input RF level10 dBm
T
T
Storage temperature range–50°C to 150°C
stg
Solder reflow temperature
solder
ESDElectrostatic discharge rating
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating
conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) All supply pins must have the same voltage.
(3) Maximum voltage is 3.9 V.
(4) Measured according to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C
(5) High-sensitivity UHF devices must be handled with special care to avoid ESD damage. TI is not responsible for damage to this device
caused by external ESD conditions. The following electrostatic discharge (ESD) precautions are recommended:
• Protective outer garments
• Handling in ESD-safeguarded work area
• Transporting in ESD-shielded containers
• Frequent monitoring and testing of all ESD-protection equipment
(6) Measured according to JEDEC STD 22, Method A114
(7) Measured according to JEDEC STD 22, C101C
(8) Measured according to JEDEC STD 22, Method A115A
(2)
(4)
(5)
(1)
Human-Body Model (HBM)
(6)
Charged-Device Model (CDM)
Machine Model (MM)
(8)
–0.3 V to 3.9 V
(3)
260°C
±750 V
(7)
±200 V
±100 V
2.2Recommended Operating Conditions
MINMAX UNIT
V
Supply voltage1.83.6V
DD
I temperature suffix–4085
T
Operating free-air temperatureT temperature suffix–40105°C
A
Q temperature suffix–40125
2.3General Characteristics
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMINTYPMAX UNIT
310348
Frequency rangeTA= –40°C to 105°C, VDD= 1.8 V to 3.3 V420450MHz
779928
The data rate step size is determined by the reference frequency –
see Data Rate Programming
Data rate
(1)
Shaped MSK (also known as differential offset QPSK)26 to 250
Device weight0.0715g
(1) Optional Manchester encoding halves the data rate.
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2.5RF Receive Section Characteristics
VDD= 1.8 V to 3.3 V, Forward error correction disabled, All voltages refer to GND (unless otherwise noted). Typical values at
TA= 25°C, VDD= 3 V. Receive parameters valid for CC1101 and CC1131 only.
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONST
Digital channel RXUser programmable, depend on reference frequency, f
filter input bandwidth= 26 MHz812
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RF Receive Section Characteristics (continued)
VDD= 1.8 V to 3.3 V, Forward error correction disabled, All voltages refer to GND (unless otherwise noted). Typical values at
TA= 25°C, VDD= 3 V. Receive parameters valid for CC1101 and CC1131 only.
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RF Receive Section Characteristics (continued)
VDD= 1.8 V to 3.3 V, Forward error correction disabled, All voltages refer to GND (unless otherwise noted). Typical values at
TA= 25°C, VDD= 3 V. Receive parameters valid for CC1101 and CC1131 only.
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Selectivity (continued)
Figure 2-3. Typical Selectivity at 250-kBaud Data Rate, 868 MHz, GFSK,
IF Frequency 304 kHz, Digital Channel Filter Bandwidth 540 kHz
2.7RSSI Section Characteristics
VDD= 1.8 V to 3.3 V, All voltages refer to GND (unless otherwise noted). Typical values at TA= 25°C, VDD= 3 V. Receive
parameters valid for CC1101 and CC1131 only.
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONST
RX mode, 100-kHz RX bandwidth, Reference signal–40°C to 105°C–90
CW , –90-dBm power level. Read RSSI status register
RSSI accuracy, 310 MHzdBm
RSSI accuracy, 928 MHz CW , –55-dBm power level. Read RSSI status registerdBm
(1) RSSI tolerances can be compensated by an offset correction for each device.
and calculate measured RSSI level.
RX mode, 100-kHz RX bandwidth, Reference signal–40°C to 105°C–20
CW , –20-dBm power level. Read RSSI status register
and calculate measured RSSI level.
RX mode, 100-kHz RX bandwidth, Reference signal–40°C to 105°C–97–89–82
CW , –90-dBm power level. Read RSSI status register
and calculate measured RSSI level.
RX mode, 100-kHz RX bandwidth, Reference signal–40°C to 105°C–62–54–45
and calculate measured RSSI level.
RX mode, 100-kHz RX bandwidth, Reference signal–40°C to 105°C–27–19–10
CW , –20-dBm power level. Read RSSI status register
and calculate measured RSSI level.
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2.8RF Transmit Section Characteristics
VDD= 1.8 V to 3.3 V, All voltages refer to GND (unless otherwise noted). Typical values at TA= 25°C, VDD= 3 V. Transmit
parameters valid for CC1101 and CC1151 only.
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONST
Differential loadRF port RF_N and RF_P towards the 433 MHz116 + j41
impedanceantenna. For matching follow the
TX output power,setting: 0 dBm
315 MHzCW, Delivered into a 50-Ω load, including matching
TX output power,setting: 0 dBm
433 MHzCW, Delivered into a 50-Ω load, including matching
TX output power,setting: 0 dBm
868 MHzCW, Delivered into a 50-Ω load, including matching
TX output power,setting: 0 dBm
915 MHzCW, Delivered into a 50-Ω load, including matching
Second-order
harmonics, 315 MHz
Third-order
harmonics, 315 MHz
Load impedance as seen from the
reference design.
38.4 kBaud / GFSK, TX deviation 19 kHz, Output power–40°C to 105°C91112.5
setting: 10 dBm
CW, Delivered into a 50-Ω load, including matching
network as outlined
38.4 kBaud / GFSK, TX deviation 19 kHz, Output power–40°C to 105°C–8–5–1.5
setting: –5 dBm
CW, Delivered into a 50-Ω load, including matching
network as outlined
Conducted measurement on reference design with CW–40°C to 105°C–50
and maximum output-power settingsdBm
Note: PA output matching impacts harmonics level
Conducted measurement on reference design with CW–40°C to 105°C–32
and maximum output-power settingsdBm
Note: PA output matching impacts harmonics level
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RF Transmit Section Characteristics (continued)
VDD= 1.8 V to 3.3 V, All voltages refer to GND (unless otherwise noted). Typical values at TA= 25°C, VDD= 3 V. Transmit
parameters valid for CC1101 and CC1151 only.
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONST
Second-order
harmonics, 433 MHz
Third-order
harmonics, 433 MHz
Second-order
harmonics, 868 MHz
Third-order
harmonics, 868 MHz
Second-order
harmonics, 915 MHz
Third-order
harmonics, 915 MHz
Conducted measurement on reference design with CW–40°C to 105°C–40
and maximum output power settingsdBm
Note: PA output matching impacts harmonics level
Conducted measurement on reference design with CW–40°C to 105°C–26
and maximum output power settingsdBm
Note: PA output matching impacts harmonics level
Conducted measurement on reference design with CW–40°C to 105°C–48
and maximum output power settingsdBm
Note: PA output matching impacts harmonics level
Conducted measurement on reference design with CW–40°C to 105°C–45
and maximum output power settingsdBm
Note: PA output matching impacts harmonics level
Conducted measurement on reference design with CW–40°C to 105°C–50
and maximum output power settingsdBm
Note: PA output matching impacts harmonics level
Conducted measurement on reference design with CW–40°C to 105°C–45
and maximum output power settingsdBm
Note: PA output matching impacts harmonics level
A
125°C–41
125°C–27
125°C–44
125°C–45
125°C–53
125°C–46
MINTYPMAX UNIT
2.9Crystal Oscillator Characteristics
VDD= 1.8 V to 3.3 V, TA= –40°C to 105°C, without forward error correction (unless otherwise noted). All voltages refer to
GND. Typical values at TA= 25°C, VDD= 3 V.
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMINTYPMAX UNIT
Reference frequencyMHz
TolerancesRX/TX bandwidth, channel spacing, clock synchronization between RX/TX±20ppm
ESR100Ω
Start-up time150µs
Load capacitorsSimulated over operating conditionspF
Depending on the UHF operating frequency a 26-MHz or 27-MHz crystal26 to
should be used.27
The acceptable crystal tolerance depend on the system requirements e.g.,
units
Measured on the reference design. Parameter depends on the crystal that
is used. Time does not include POR of the device
10 to
20
2.10 Low-Power RC Oscillator Characteristics
VDD= 1.8 V to 3.3 V, TA= –40°C to 105°C, without forward error correction (unless otherwise noted). All voltages refer to
GND. Typical values at TA= 25°C, VDD= 3 V.
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2.12 Analog Temperature Sensor Characteristics
VDD= 1.8 V to 3.3 V, TA= –40°C to 105°C, without forward error correction (unless otherwise noted). All voltages refer to
GND. Typical values at TA= 25°C, VDD= 3 V. Note that it is necessary to write 0xBF to the PTEST register to use the analog
temperature sensor in the IDLE state.
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMINTYPMAX UNIT
TA= –40°C0.600.700.80
TA= 0°C0.775
TA= 25°C0.815
Output voltageTA= 70°C0.880V
TA= 85°C0.912
TA= 105°C0.880.961.07
TA= 125°C0.968
Temperature coefficientFitted from TA= –20°C to 80°C1.6mV/ C
Error in calculated temperature,From TA= –20°C to 80°C when using 2.44 mV/°C, after 1-point
calibratedcalibration at 25°C temperature
±2°C
2.13 Digital Input/Output DC Characteristics
VDD= 1.8 V to 3.3 V, TA= –40°C to 105°C, without forward error correction (unless otherwise noted). All voltages refer to
GND. Typical values at TA= 25°C, VDD= 3 V.
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMINTYPMAX UNIT
Input voltageV
Output voltageV
Input currentnA
Logic 000.7
Logic 1VDD– 0.7V
Logic 000.5
Logic 1VDD– 0.3V
Logic 0, Input equals 0 V–50
Logic 1, Input equals VDD50
DD
DD
2.14 Power-On Reset Characteristics
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMINTYPMAX UNIT
Power-up ramp-up timeFrom 0 V to 3 V1ms
(1) When the power supply complies with the requirements shown here, proper power-on-reset functionality is assured. Otherwise, the chip
should be assumed to have unknown state until it transmits an SRES strobe over the SPI interface. See Power-On Startup Sequence
for further details.
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2.15 SPI Interface Timing
MINTYPMAX UNIT
f
t
t
t
t
t
SCLK frequency6MHz
SCLK
Clock high time80ns
ch
Clock low time80ns
cl
Setup time, data (negative SCLK edge) to positive edge on SCLK
sd
Hold time, data after positive edge on SCLK50ns
hd
Negative edge on SCLK to CS high50ns
ns
(1)
80ns
(1) tsdapplies between address and data bytes, and between data bytes.
2.16 Typical State Transition Timing
PARAMETER
IDLE to RX, no calibration229888.4 µs
IDLE to RX, with calibration~21037809 µs
IDLE to TX/FSTXON, no calibration229888.4 µs
IDLE to TX/FSTXON, with calibration~21037809 µs
TX to RX switch56021.5 µs
RX to TX switch2509.6 µs
RX or TX to IDLE, no calibration20.1 µs
RX or TX to IDLE, with calibration~18739721 µs
Manual calibration~18739721 µs
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Table 3-1. Terminal Functions
TERMINAL
NO.NAME
1GNDGround (Analog) Analog ground connection
2DCOUPL21.6-V to 2-V digital power supply input for decoupling
3GDO0 (ATEST)Digital I/O
4CSDigital InputSerial configuration interface, chip select
5XOSC_Q1Analog I/OCrystal oscillator pin 1, or external clock input
6AVDD_IFPower (Analog)1.8-V to 3.6-V analog power supply connection
7XOSC_Q2Analog I/OCrystal oscillator pin 2
8GNDGround (Analog) Analog ground connection
9AVDD_RF1Power (Analog)1.8-V to 3.6-V analog power supply connection
10GNDGround (Analog) Analog ground connection
11AVDD_RF2Power (Analog)1.8-V to 3.6-V analog power supply connection
12RF_PRF I/O
13RF_NRF I/O
14GNDGround (Analog) Analog ground connection
15AVDD_RF3Power (Analog)1.8-V to 3.6-V analog power supply connection
16NCNot connected
17NCNot connected
18AVDD_CHPPower (Analog)1.8-V to 3.6-V analog power supply connection
19GNDGround (Analog) Analog ground connection
20RBIASAnalog I/OExternal precision bias resistor for reference current
21AVDD_GUARDPower (Digital)Power supply connection for digital noise isolation
22AGND_GUARDGround (Digital) Ground connection for digital noise isolation
23SIDigital InputSerial configuration interface, data input
24NCNot connected
25SCLKDigital InputSerial configuration interface, clock input
26SO (GDO1)Digital OutputSerial configuration interface, data output. Optional general output pin when CS is high.
27TEST_MODEDigital InputGND enables and NC disables on-chip data scrambling. Internal pullup resistor.
28GDO2Digital Output
29GNDGround (Analog) Analog ground connection
30DVDD1
31DVDD2
32DCOUPL1NOTE: This pin is intended to supply only the CC11x1-Q1 chip. It cannot be used to provide
TYPEDESCRIPTION
Power Input
(Digital )
Digital output pin for general use:
•Test signals
•FIFO status signals
•Clear Channel Indicator
•Clock output, down-divided from XOSC
•Serial output RX data
•Serial input TX data
Also used as analog test I/O for prototype and production testing.
Positive RF input signal to LNA in receive mode. Positive RF output signal from PA in
transmit mode
Negative RF input signal to LNA in receive mode. Negative RF output signal from PA in
transmit mode
Digital output pin for general use:
•Test signals
•FIFO status signals
•Clear channel indicator
•Clock output, down-divided from XOSC
•Serial output RX data
Power (Digital)1.8-V to 3.6-V digital power supply for digital I/Os and for digital core voltage regulator
Output regulator
digital core
1.6-V to 1.8-V digital power supply output for digital core / decoupling.
supply voltage to other devices.
A simplified block diagram of CC11x1-Q1 is shown in Figure 3-1. The CC11x1-Q1 devices feature a low
intermediate frequency (IF) receiver. The received radio frequency (RF) signal is amplified by the
low-noise amplifier (LNA) and down-converted in a quadrature (I and Q) to the IF. At IF, the I/Q signals
are digitized by the analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Automatic gain control (AGC), fine channel
filtering, and demodulation bit/packet synchronization is performed digitally.
The transmitter part of CC11x1-Q1 is based on direct synthesis of the RF frequency. The frequency
synthesizer includes a completely on-chip LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and a 90° phase shifter
for generating the I and Q signals, and it is also used for the down-conversion mixers in receive mode. A
crystal must be connected to XOSC_Q1 and XOSC_Q2. The crystal oscillator generates the reference
frequency for the synthesizer as well as the clocks for the ADC and the digital part.
A 4-wire SPI serial interface is used for the register configuration and data buffer access. The digital base
band modem includes support for channel configuration, packet handling, Forward Error Correction and
data buffering.
In the CC1131-Q1 devices, the TX path is not available. In the CC1151-Q1 devices, the RX path is not
available.
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Figure 3-1. Simplified Block Diagram
CC11x1-Q1 features a low intermediate frequency (IF) receiver. The received RF signal is amplified by the
low-noise amplifier (LNA) and down-converted in quadrature (I and Q) to the IF. At IF, the I/Q signals are
digitized by the ADCs. Automatic gain control (AGC), fine channel filtering and demodulation bit/packet
synchronization are performed digitally.
Submit Documentation Feedback
synthesizer includes a completely on-chip LC VCO and a 90° phase shifter for generating the I and Q LO
signals to the down-conversion mixers in receive mode.
A crystal is to be connected to XOSC_Q1 and XOSC_Q2. The crystal oscillator generates the reference
The transmitter part of CC11x1-Q1 is based on direct synthesis of the RF frequency. The frequency
frequency for the synthesizer, as well as clocks for the ADC and the digital part.
A 4-wire SPI serial interface is used for configuration and data buffer access.
The digital baseband includes support for channel configuration, packet handling, and data buffering.
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3.3Application Circuit
Only a few external components are required for using the CC11x1-Q1. The recommended application
circuits are shown in Figure 3-2 and Figure 3-3. Typical values for the external components are given in
Table 3-2.
Bias Resistor
The bias resistor R171 is used to set an accurate bias current.
Balun and RF Matching
The components between the RF_N/RF_P pins and the point where the two signals are joined together
(C131, C122, L121, and L131 for the 315/433-MHz reference design [5], or L101, L111, C111, L121,
C131, C122, and L131 for the 868/915-MHz reference design [6]) form a balun that converts the
differential RF signal on CC11x1-Q1 to a single-ended RF signal. C125 is needed for dc blocking.
Together with an appropriate LC network, the balun components also transform the impedance to match a
50-Ω antenna or cable. Suggested values for 315 MHz, 433 MHz, and 868/915 MHz are listed in
Table 3-2.
Crystal
The reference oscillator uses an external 26-MHz or 27-MHz crystal with two loading capacitors (C81 and
C101). See Section 3.22 for details.
Additional Filtering
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Additional external components (e.g., an RF SAW filter) may be used to improve the performance in
specific applications.
Power Supply Decoupling
The power supply must be properly decoupled close to the supply pins. A short and proper GND
connection is also essential for the functionality of the device.
CC11x1-Q1 can be configured to achieve optimum performance for many different applications.
Configuration is done using the SPI interface. The following key parameters can be programmed:
<br/>
•Power-down / power-up mode•RF output power
•Crystal oscillator power up / power down•Data buffering with separate 64-byte
•Receive / transmit mode
•RF channel selection
•Data rate
•Modulation format
•RX channel filter bandwidth
Details of each configuration register are in Section 4.
Figure 3-4 shows a simplified state diagram that explains the main CC11x1-Q1 states, together with
typical usage and current consumption. For detailed information on controlling the CC11x1-Q1 state
machine, and a complete state diagram, see Section 3.15.
All register values are
retained. Typ current
consumption 160 µA
Frequency synthesize r is turned on, can optionally be
calibrated, and then settles to the correct frequency.
Transitional state. Typ current consumption: 9 mA
Frequency synthesizer is on,
ready to start transmitting.
Transmission starts very
quickly after receiving the
STX command strobe.
Typ current consumption: 9 mA
Typ current consumption:
12.2 mA at -5 dBm output
14.6 mA at 0 dBm output
29.5 mA at +10 dBm output
Typ current
consumption: 15.5 mA
Optional transitional state.
Typ current consumption: 8 mA
In FIFO-based modes,
transmission is turned off and
this state entered if the TX
FIFO becomes empty in the
middle of a packet. Typ
current consumption: 1.8 mA
In FIFO-based modes,
reception is turned off and this
state entered if the RX FIFO
overflows. Typ current
consumption: 1.8 mA
:
Default state when the radio is
not receiving or transmitting.
Typ current consumption: 1.8 mA
Used for calibrating frequency
synthesizer up front (entering
receive or transmit mode can
then be done more quickly).
Transitional state.
Typ current consumption: 9 mA
Manual
frequency
synthesizer
calibration
Lowest power mode. Most
register values are retained.
Typ current consumption: 700 nA
(2 µA when wake-on-radio (WOR)
is enabled)
Sleep
CC11x1-Q1
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Figure 3-4. Simplified State Diagram, With Typical Current Consumption at 1.2-kBaud Data Rate and
3.5Configuration Software
CC11x1-Q1 can be configured using the SmartRF®Studio software. The SmartRF Studio software is
highly recommended for obtaining optimum register settings and for evaluating performance and
functionality. A screenshot of the SmartRF Studio user interface for CC11x1-Q1 is shown in Figure 3-5.
After chip reset, all the registers have default values as shown in Section 4. The optimum register setting
might differ from the default value. Therefore, after a reset, all registers that are different from the default
value need to be programmed through the SPI interface. For the CC11x1-Q1 device, the settings of the
CC1101 are valid.
MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF = 1 (Current Optimized), Frequency Band = 315 MHz
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Figure 3-5. SmartRF Studio User Interface
3.64-Wire Serial Configuration and Data Interface
CC11x1-Q1 is configured via a simple 4-wire SPI-compatible interface (SI, SO, SCLK, and CS) where
CC11x1-Q1 is the slave. This interface is also used to read and write buffered data. All transfers on the
SPI interface are done most significant bit first.
All transactions on the SPI interface start with a header byte containing a R/W bit, a burst access bit (B),
and a 6-bit address (A5to A0).
The CS pin must be kept low during transfers on the SPI bus. If CS goes high during the transfer of a
header byte or during read/write from/to a register, the transfer is canceled. The timing for the address and
data transfer on the SPI interface is shown in Figure 3-6 with reference to Section 2.15.
When CS is pulled low, the MCU must wait until CC11x1-Q1 SO pin goes low before starting to transfer
the header byte. This indicates that the crystal is running. Unless the chip was in the SLEEP or XOFF
states, the SO pin goes low immediately after taking CS low.
Note:See Section 2.15 for SPI interface timing specifications.
Figure 3-6. Configuration Registers Write and Read Operations
3.6.1Chip Status Byte
When the header byte, data byte, or command strobe is sent on the SPI interface, the chip status byte is
sent by the CC11x1-Q1 on the SO pin. The status byte contains key status signals, useful for the MCU.
The first bit, s7, is the CHIP_RDYn signal. This signal must go low before the first positive edge of SCLK.
The CHIP_RDYn signal indicates that the crystal is running.
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The STATE value comprises bits 6, 5, and 4. This value reflects the state of the chip. The XOSC and
power to the digital core is on in the IDLE state, but all other modules are in power down. The frequency
and channel configuration should be updated only when the chip is in this state. The RX state is active
when the chip is in receive mode. Likewise, TX is active when the chip is transmitting.
The last four bits (3:0) in the status byte contain FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE. For read operations (the R/W
bit in the header byte is set to 1), the FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE field contains the number of bytes
available for reading from the RX FIFO. For write operations (the R/W bit in the header byte is set to 0),
the FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE field contains the number of bytes that can be written to the TX FIFO.
When FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE = 15, 15 or more bytes are available/free.
Table 3-3 gives a status byte summary.
Table 3-3. Status Byte Summary
BITSNAMEDESCRIPTION
7CHIP_RDYnStays high until power and crystal have stabilized. Should always be low when using the SPI
06:04STATE[2:0]Indicates the current main state machine mode
03:00FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE[3:0]The number of bytes available in the RX FIFO or free bytes in the TX FIFO
interface.
ValueStateDescription
0IDLE(Also reported for some transitional states instead of
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3.6.2Register Access
The configuration registers on the CC11x1-Q1 are located on SPI addresses from 0x00 to 0x2E. Table 4-2
lists all configuration registers. SmartRF Studio should be used to generate optimum register settings. The
detailed description of each register is found in Section 4.2. All configuration registers can be both written
to and read. The R/W bit controls if the register should be written to or read. When writing to registers, the
status byte is sent on the SO pin each time a header byte or data byte is transmitted on the SI pin. When
reading from registers, the status byte is sent on the SO pin each time a header byte is transmitted on the
SI pin.
Registers with consecutive addresses can be accessed efficiently by setting the burst bit (B) in the header
byte. The address bits (A5 to A0) set the start address in an internal address counter. This counter is
incremented by one each new byte (every 8 clock pulses). The burst access is either a read or a write
access and must be terminated by setting CS high.
For register addresses in the range 0x30 to 0x3D, the burst bit is used to select between status registers,
burst bit is one, and command strobes, burst bit is zero (see 10.4 below). Because of this, burst access is
not available for status registers and they must be accessed one at a time. The status registers can only
be read.
3.6.3SPI Read
When reading register fields over the SPI interface while the register fields are updated by the radio
hardware (e.g., MARCSTATE or TXBYTES), there is a small, but finite, probability that a single read from
the register is being corrupt. As an example, the probability of any single read from TXBYTES being
corrupt, assuming the maximum data rate is used, is approximately 80 ppm. See the CC1101 errata notes
(SWRZ020) for more details.
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3.6.4Command Strobes
Command strobes may be viewed as single byte instructions to CC11x1-Q1. By addressing a command
strobe register, internal sequences are started. These commands are used to disable the crystal oscillator,
enable receive mode, enable wake-on-radio etc. The 13 command strobes are listed in Table 4-1.
The command strobe registers are accessed by transferring a single header byte (no data is being
transferred). That is, only the R/W bit, the burst access bit (set to 0), and the six address bits (in the range
0x30 through 0x3D) are written. The R/W bit can be either one or zero and determines how the
FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE field in the status byte should be interpreted.
When writing command strobes, the status byte is sent on the SO pin.
A command strobe may be followed by any other SPI access without pulling CS high. However, if an
SRES strobe is being issued, wait for SO to go low again before the next header byte is issued, as shown
in Figure 3-7. The command strobes are executed immediately, with the exception of the SPWD and the
SXOFF strobes that are executed when CS goes high.
3.6.5FIFO Access
Figure 3-7. SRES Command Strobe
The 64-byte TX FIFO and the 64-byte RX FIFO are accessed through the 0x3F address. When the R/W
bit is zero, the TX FIFO is accessed, and the RX FIFO is accessed when the R/W bit is one.
The TX FIFO is write-only, while the RX FIFO is read-only.
The burst bit is used to determine if the FIFO access is a single byte access or a burst access. The single
byte access method expects a header byte with the burst bit set to zero and one data byte. After the data
byte a new header byte is expected; hence, CS can remain low. The burst access method expects one
header byte and then consecutive data bytes until terminating the access by setting CS high.
The following header bytes access the FIFOs:
•0x3F: Single byte access to TX FIFO
•0x7F: Burst access to TX FIFO
•0xBF: Single byte access to RX FIFO
•0xFF: Burst access to RX FIFO
When writing to the TX FIFO, the status byte (see Section 3.6.1) is output for each new data byte on SO,
as shown in Figure 3-6. This status byte can be used to detect TX FIFO underflow while writing data to
the TX FIFO. Note that the status byte contains the number of bytes free before writing the byte in
progress to the TX FIFO. When the last byte that fits in the TX FIFO is transmitted on SI, the status byte
received concurrently on SO indicates that one byte is free in the TX FIFO.
The TX FIFO may be flushed by issuing a SFTX command strobe. Similarly, a SFRX command strobe
flushes the RX FIFO. A SFTX or SFRX command strobe can only be issued in the IDLE,
TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW, or RXFIFO_OVERFLOW states. Both FIFOs are flushed when going to the
SLEEP state.
Figure 3-8 gives a brief overview of different register access types possible.
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Figure 3-8. Register Access Types
3.6.6PATABLE Access
The 0x3E address is used to access the PATABLE, which is used for selecting PA power control settings.
The SPI expects up to eight data bytes after receiving the address. By programming the PATABLE,
controlled PA power ramp-up and ramp-down can be achieved, as well as ASK modulation shaping for
reduced bandwidth. See SmartRF Studio for recommended shaping / PA ramping sequences.
See Section 3.20 for details on output power programming.
The PATABLE is an 8-byte table that defines the PA control settings to use for each of the eight PA power
values (selected by the 3-bit value FREND0.PA_POWER). The table is written and read from the lowest
setting (0) to the highest (7), one byte at a time. An index counter is used to control the access to the
table. This counter is incremented each time a byte is read or written to the table, and set to the lowest
index when CS is high. When the highest value is reached the counter restarts at zero.
The access to the PATABLE is either single byte or burst access depending on the burst bit. When using
burst access the index counter counts up; when reaching 7 the counter restarts at 0. The R/W bit controls
whether the access is a read or a write access.
If one byte is written to the PATABLE and this value is to be read out then CS must be set high before the
read access to set the index counter back to zero.
Note that the content of the PATABLE is lost when entering the SLEEP state, except for the first byte
(index 0).
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3.7Microcontroller Interface and Pin Configuration
In a typical system, CC11x1-Q1 interfaces to a microcontroller. This microcontroller must be able to:
•Program CC11x1-Q1 into different modes
•Read and write buffered data
•Read back status information via the 4-wire SPI-bus configuration interface (SI, SO, SCLK and CS).
3.7.1Configuration Interface
The microcontroller uses four I/O pins for the SPI configuration interface (SI, SO, SCLK and CS). The SPI
is described in Section 3.6.
3.7.2General Control and Status Pins
The CC11x1-Q1 has two dedicated configurable pins (GDO0 and GDO2) and one shared pin (GDO1) that
can output internal status information useful for control software. These pins can be used to generate
interrupts on the MCU. See Section 3.25 for more details on the signals that can be programmed. GDO1
is shared with the SO pin in the SPI interface. The default setting for GDO1/SO is 3-state output. By
selecting any other of the programming options, the GDO1/SO pin becomes a generic pin. When CS is
low, the pin functions as a normal SO pin.
In the synchronous and asynchronous serial modes, the GDO0 pin is used as a serial TX data input pin
while in transmit mode.
The GDO0 pin can also be used for an on-chip analog temperature sensor. By measuring the voltage on
the GDO0 pin with an external ADC, the temperature can be calculated. Specifications for the temperature
sensor are found in Section 2.12.
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With default PTEST register setting (0x7F) the temperature sensor output is available only when the
frequency synthesizer is enabled (e.g., the MANCAL, FSTXON, RX, and TX states). It is necessary to
write 0xBF to the PTEST register to use the analog temperature sensor in the IDLE state. Before leaving
the IDLE state, the PTEST register should be restored to its default value (0x7F).
3.7.3Optional Radio-Control Feature
The CC11x1-Q1 has an optional way of controlling the radio by reusing SI, SCLK, and CS from the SPI
interface. This allows simple three-pin control of the major states of the radio: SLEEP, IDLE, RX, and TX.
This optional functionality is enabled with the MCSM0.PIN_CTRL_EN configuration bit.
State changes are commanded as follows: When CS is high, the SI and SCLK is set to the desired state
according to Table 3-4. When CS goes low, the state of SI and SCLK is latched and a command strobe is
generated internally according to the pin configuration. It is only possible to change state with this
functionality. That means that, for instance, RX is not restarted if SI and SCLK are set to RX and CS
toggles. When CS is low, the SI and SCLK has normal SPI functionality.
All pin control command strobes are executed immediately, except the SPWD strobe, which is delayed
until CS goes high.
The data rate used when transmitting, or the data rate expected in receive is programmed by the
MDMCFG3.DRATE_M and the MDMCFG4.DRATE_E configuration registers. The data rate is given by
the formula below. As the formula shows, the programmed data rate depends on the crystal frequency.
The following approach can be used to find suitable values for a given data rate:
If DRATE_M is rounded to the nearest integer and becomes 256, increment DRATE_E and use
DRATE_M = 0.
The data rate can be set from 1.2 kBaud to 500 kBaud with the minimum step size shown in Table 3-5.
MINIMUMTYPICALMAXIMUM
0.81.2 / 2.43.170.0062
3.174.86.350.0124
6.359.612.70.0248
12.719.625.40.0496
25.438.450.80.0992
50.876.8101.60.1984
101.6153.6203.10.3967
203.1250406.30.7935
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(1)
(2)
Table 3-5. Data Rate Step Size
DATA RATE (kBaud)DATA RATE
STEP SIZE
(kBaud)
3.9Receiver Channel Filter Bandwidth
To meet different channel width requirements, the receiver channel filter is programmable. The
MDMCFG4.CHANBW_E and MDMCFG4.CHANBW_M configuration registers control the receiver channel
filter bandwidth, which scales with the crystal oscillator frequency. Equation 3 gives the relation between
the register settings and the channel filter bandwidth:
The CC11x1-Q1 supports the channel filter bandwidths shown in Table 3-6.