Texas Instruments CBR 2 User Manual

Getting Started with the CBR 2 Sonic Motion Detector

™

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Activity 1 (Graphing Your Motion) and Activity 3 (A Speedy Slide) are used with permission from Vernier Software and Technology. These activities were adapted from Middle School Science with Calculators by Don Volz and Sandy Sapatka.

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Table of Contents

Introduction

What is the CBR 2™ Sonic Motion Detector? 2

Getting started with the CBR 2™ Sonic Motion Detector 4

Hints for effective data collection 6

Activities with teacher notes and student activity sheets

³ Activity 1 — Graphing your motion linear 10

³ Activity 2 — Match the graph linear 14

³ Activity 3 — A Speedy slide parabolic 18

³ Activity 4 — Bouncing ball parabolic 24

³ Activity 5 — Rolling ball parabolic 28

Teacher information 32

Technical information

Sonic motion detector data is stored in lists 36

EasyData settings 37

Using a CBR 2™ Sonic Motion Detector with a CBL 2™ System or with CBL 2™ System programs 38

Service information

Batteries 40

In case of difficulty 41

EasyData menu map 42

TI service and warranty 43

What is the CBR 2™ Sonic Motion Detector?

CBR 2™ (Calculator-Based Ranger™)

sonic motion detector

use with TI-83 Plus, TI-83 Plus Silver Edition,TI-84 Plus, TI-84 Plus Silver Edition

TI-92 Plus, TI-89, TI-89 Titanium, and Voyage™ 200

bring real-world data collection and analysis into the classroom

easy-to-use

What does the CBR 2™ sonic motion detector do?

With the CBR 2™ motion detector and a TI graphing calculator, students can collect, view, and analyze motion data without tedious measurements and manual plotting.

The

CBR 2™ motion detector lets students explore the mathematical and scientific

relationships between distance, velocity, acceleration, and time using data collected from activities they perform. Students can explore math and science concepts such as:

0 motion: distance, velocity, acceleration 0 graphing: coordinate axes, slope, intercepts 0 functions: linear, quadratic, exponential, sinusoidal 0 calculus: derivatives, integrals 0 statistics and data analysis: data collection methods, statistical analysis 0 Physics: motion, use with dynamics tracks, pendulum analysis, position, velocity,

acceleration

0 Physical Science: motion experiments

What’s in this guide?

Getting Started with the CBR 2™ Sonic Motion Detector is designed to be a guide for teachers who do not have extensive calculator experience. It includes quick-start instructions for using the activities to explore basic functions and properties of motion. The activities (see pages 10–

31) include many of the following:

0 teacher notes for each activity, plus general teacher information 0 step-by-step instructions 0 a basic data collection activity appropriate for all levels 0 explorations that examine the data more closely, including what-if scenarios 0 suggestions for advanced topics appropriate for precalculus and calculus students 0 a reproducible student activity sheet with open-ended questions appropriate for a wide

range of grade levels

CBR 2™ motion detector, hints on effective data collection, and five classroom

What is the CBR 2™ Sonic Motion Detector?

(cont.)

battery door (on bottom)

BT (British Telecom) port to connect to a CBL™, CBL 2™, or LabPro® unit

to attach a tripod or the included mounting clamp (on back)

button

to initiate sampling

tandard threaded socket

USB and I/O ports to connect to TI graphing calculators using the included cables

Sensitivity switch to set sensitivity between Normal and Track modes (see page 6).

onic sensor to record up to 200 samples per second with a range between 15 centimeters and 6 meters (5.9 inches and 19.7 feet)

pivoting head to aim sensor accurately

The

CBR 2™ motion detector includes everything you need to begin classroom activities easily and

quickly — just add TI graphing calculators (and readily available props for some activities).

0 sonic motion detector 0 4 AA batteries 0 I/O unit-to-unit cable 0 5 fun classroom activities 0 Standard-B to Mini-A USB cable

(unit-to-

CBR 2™)

Getting started with the CBR 2™ Sonic Motion Detector

With the CBR 2™ motion detector, you’re just two or three simple steps from the first data sample!

1111

2222

Download

For TI-83 and TI-84 family calculator users: Your graphing calculator may have been preloaded with a number of Apps

(software applications), including the EasyData App. Press Œ to see the Apps installed on your calculator. If EasyData is not installed, you may find the latest version of this App at education.ti.com. If necessary, download the EasyData App now.

For TI-89, TI-92 Plus, TI-89 Titanium and Voyage™ 200 users: Obtain the latest RANGER program and install it on your calculator. RANGER

cannot be installed from the from www.vernier.com or education.ti.com.

CBR 2™ motion detector. RANGER is available

Connect

For TI-83 and TI-84 family calculator users: Connect the

the Standard-B to Mini-A USB cable (unit-tocable, and push in firmly at both ends to make a secure connection.

CBR 2™ motion detector to your TI graphing calculator using

CBR 2™) or I/O unit-to-unit

Set the Sensitivity switch to etc., or to Track mode for use with dynamics tracks and carts.

About the unit-to-

0 Can only be used with the EasyData App. 0 Provides for an auto-launch capability of the EasyData App when

connecting a

0 Provides for an improved physical and more reliable connection than the

I/O unit-to-unit cable.

0 Cannot be used with RANGER, DataMate, or other similar applications.

For TI-89, TI-92 Plus, TI-89 Titanium and Voyage™ 200 users: Connect the

the I/O unit-to-unit cable and push in firmly at both ends to make a secure connection.

Set the Sensitivity switch to etc., or to Track mode for use with dynamics tracks and carts.

CBR 2™ cable:

CBR 2™ motion detector to a TI-84 Plus-family calculator.

CBR 2™ motion detector to your TI graphing calculator using

Normal mode for walking, ball toss, pendulum,

1111 3333

Run

For TI-83 and TI-84 family calculator users:

For quick results, try one of the classroomready activities in this guide!

Run the EasyData App on the graphing calculator connected to the motion detector.

Proceed to step 1, if using a TI-83 Plus-family calculator. For the TI-84 Plus connected with a unit-to-

1. Turn on the calculator and have it on the home screen.

2. Press Œ to display the list of Apps on your graphing calculator.

3. Choose EasyData and press Í. The opening screen is displayed for about 2–3 seconds, and then the

main screen is displayed.

4. Select

For TI-89, TI-92 Plus, TI-89 Titanium and Voyage™ 200 users: Run RANGER on the graphing calculator connected to the

detector.

1. Turn on the calculator and have it on the home screen.

2. Press 2 ° to display the list of AppVars on your graphing calculator.

3. Scroll until you find RANGER. Highlight it and press Í. Type the closing parenthesis ) and press Í to start the program.

Start (press q) in the main screen to start collecting data.

CBR 2™ cable, perform steps 1 and 4.

CBR 2™ motion

CBR 2™

Important information

0 This guide applies to all TI graphing calculators that can be used with the

CBR 2™ motion detector (see page 2); therefore, you may find that some

of the menu names do not match exactly those on your calculator.

0 When setting up activities, ensure that the CBR 2™ motion detector is

securely anchored and that the cord cannot be tripped over.

0 Always disconnect the CBR 2™ motion detector from the calculator

before storing it.

For TI-83 and TI-84 family calculator users:

0 Always exit the EasyData App using the Quit option. The EasyData App

performs a proper shutdown of the choose initialized for the next time you use it.

0 EasyData is launched automatically when the unit-to-CBR 2™ cable is

connected from a TI-84 Plus or TI-84 Plus Silver Edition graphing calculator to a

For TI-89, TI-92 Plus, TI-89 Titanium and Voyage™ 200 users:

0 EasyData will not run on your calculator. RANGER is the only program

available to simplify the data collection process from the CBR 2.

Quit. This ensures that the CBR 2™ motion detector is properly

CBR 2™ motion detector.

CBR 2™ motion detector when you

Hints for effective data collection

Getting better samples

How does the CBR 2™ sonic motion detector work?

Understanding how a sonic motion detector works can help you get better data plots. The motion detector sends out an ultrasonic pulse and then measures how long it takes for that pulse to return after bouncing off the closest object.

The

CBR 2™ motion detector, like any sonic motion detector, measures the time interval

between transmitting the ultrasonic pulse and the first returned echo, but the motion detector has a built-in microprocessor that does much more. When the data is collected, the motion detector using a speed-of-sound calculation. Then it computes the first and second derivatives of the distance data with respect to time to obtain velocity and acceleration data. It stores these measurements in lists.

Object size

Using a small object at a far distance from the CBR 2™ motion detector decreases the chances of an accurate reading. For example, at 5 meters, you are much more likely to detect a soccer ball than a ping-pong ball.

CBR 2™ motion detector calculates the distance of the object from the CBR 2™

CBR 2™

Minimum range

When the CBR 2™ motion detector sends out a pulse, the pulse hits the object, bounces back, and is received by the

CBR 2™ motion detector. If an object is closer than 15

centimeters (about six inches), consecutive pulses may overlap and be misidentified by the

CBR 2™ motion detector. The plot would be inaccurate, so position the CBR 2™ motion

detector at least 15 centimeters away from the object.

Maximum range

As the pulse travels through the air, it loses its strength. After about 12 meters (6 meters on the trip to the object and 6 meters on the trip back to the return echo may be too weak to be reliably detected by the limits the typical reliably effective distance from the

CBR 2™ motion detector to the object to

CBR 2™ motion detector), the

CBR 2™ motion detector. This

less than 6 meters (about 20 feet).

Sensitivity switch

The sensitivity switch has two modes—Track and Normal. The Track mode is intended for activities using dynamics tracks and carts; the Normal mode is intended for all other

Track Normal

% &

activities, such as, walking, ball toss, bouncing ball, pendulum, etc.

If you are getting lots of extra noise in your data, the sensitivity switch may be in the Normal mode. Moving the sensitivity switch to the Track position, will reduce the sensitivity of the sensor and may produce better data.

Hints for effective data collection

The clear zone

The path of the CBR 2™ motion detector beam is not a narrow, pencil-like beam, but fans out in all directions up to 15° from center in a 30° cone-shaped beam.

To avoid interference from other objects in the vicinity, try to establish a clear zone in the path of the target do not get recorded by the records the closest object in the clear zone.

Reflective surfaces

CBR 2™ motion detector beam. This helps ensure that objects other than the

CBR 2™ motion detector. The CBR 2™ motion detector

15 centimeter

(cont.)

30°

Some surfaces reflect pulses better than others. For example, you might see better results with a relatively hard, smooth surfaced ball than with a tennis ball. Conversely, samples taken in a room filled with hard, reflective surfaces are more likely to show stray data points. Measurements of irregular surfaces (such as a toy car or a student holding a calculator while walking) may appear uneven.

A Distance-Time plot of a nonmoving object may have small differences in the calculated distance values. If any of these values map to a different pixel, the expected flat line may show occasional blips. The Velocity-Time plot may appear even more jagged, because the change in distance between any two points over time is, by definition, velocity.

Hints for effective data collection

(cont.)

EasyData settings (for TI-83, TI-83 Plus, TI-84, and TI-84 Plus users only)

Setup data collection for Time Graph

Experiment length is the total time in seconds to complete all sampling. It’s determined by the number of samples multiplied by the sample interval.

Enter a number between 0.05 (for very fast moving objects) and 0.5 seconds (for very slow moving objects).

Note: See “To set up the calculator for data collection” on page 12 for detailed information about how to change settings.

Menu name Description Default setting

Sample Interval Measures time between samples in seconds. 0.05 Number of Samples Total number of samples to collect. 100 Experiment Length Length of the experiment in seconds. 5

Starting and stopping

To start sampling, select Start (press q). Sampling will automatically stop when the number of samples set in the detector will then display a graph of the sampled data on the graphing calculator.

Time Graph Settings menu is reached. The CBR 2™ motion

To stop sampling before it automatically stops, select

Stop (press and hold q) at any time

during the sampling process. When sampling stops, a graph of the sampled data is displayed.

Noise—what is it and how do you get rid of it?

When the CBR 2™ motion detector receives signals reflected from objects other than the primary target, the plot shows erratic data points (noise spikes) that do not conform to the general pattern of the plot. To minimize noise:

0 Make sure the CBR 2™ motion detector is pointed directly at the target. Try adjusting the

sensor head while viewing live data on the home-screen meter. Make sure the reading you receive is appropriate before starting an activity or experiment.

0 Try to sample in a clutter-free space (see the clear zone drawing on page 7). 0 Choose a larger, more reflective object or move the object closer to the CBR 2™ (but

farther than 15 centimeters).

0 When using more than one CBR 2™ motion detector in a room, one group should

complete a sample before the next group begins their sample.

0 Try moving the sensitivity switch to the Track position to reduce the sensitivity of the

sensor.

Hints for effective data collection

Speed of sound

The approximate distance to the object is calculated by assuming a nominal speed of sound. However, actual speed of sound varies with several factors, most notably the air temperature.

The

CBR 2™ motion detector has a built-in temperature sensor to automatically compensate

for changes in the speed of sound due to the temperature of the surrounding air. The temperature conversion from 0° to 40° Celsius, at standard pressure, is fairly linear at about +0.6 meters/second per degree Celsius. The speed of sound increases from about 331 meters/second at 0° Celsius to about 355 meters/second at 40° Celsius. These speeds assume a relative humidity of 35% (dry air).

(cont.)

When using the EasyData App with the compensation will take place when collecting motion data. The sensor is located underneath the holes on the back of the not cover these holes with something that is of a different temperature from the surrounding ambient temperature.

CBR 2™ motion detector; therefore, when collecting data, do

CBR 2™ motion detector, this temperature

Using the CBR 2™ sonic motion detector without the EasyData application

You can use the CBR 2™ unit as a sonic motion detector with a CBL 2™ system or with programs other than EasyData.

Using the I/O unit-to-unit cable, the calculators that do not have the EasyData App installed but do have the the RANGER program. The

CBR™ motion detector when sample data is collected using the CBL/CBR App and/or the

RANGER program.

CBL/CBR App can be used on most older TI-83 Plus calculators. The CBL/CBR App is

The available for downloading at education.ti.com and allows you to collect motion data using the I/O unit-to-unit cable on the

The RANGER program, which is part of the allows you to collect motion data using the I/O unit-to-unit cable. Many TI Explorations workbooks use the RANGER program. (The RANGER program is the only program available for use with the TI-89, TI-92 Plus, TI-89 Titanium, and Voyage™ 200 to perform activities like Ball Bounce and Graph Match.)

CBR 2™ motion detector will provide the same functionality as a

CBR 2™ motion detector can be used with graphing

CBL/CBR App and/or

CBR 2™ motion detector.

CBL/CBR App and available for other calculators,

You can also use Use the DataMate App that comes with the detector For more information about this cable visit the TI webstore at education.ti.com.

through a CBL 2™ system. A special CBL-to-CBR cable is required to use this system.

CBR 2™ unit as a motion sensor with your CBL 2™ data collection device.

CBL 2™ system to operate the CBR 2™ motion

Activity 1—Graphing Your Motion Notes for Teachers

Concepts

Function explored: linear

Materials

Ÿ calculator (see page 2 for available models) Ÿ CBR 2™ motion detector Ÿ unit-to-CBR 2™ or I/O unit-to-unit cable Ÿ EasyData application or RANGER program Ÿ Masking tape Ÿ Meter stick

Hints

This experiment may be the first time your students use the CBR 2™ motion detector. A little coaching on its use now will save time later in the year as the CBR 2™ motion detector is used in many experiments. The following are hints for effective use of the CBR 2™ motion detector:

0 In using the CBR 2™ motion detector, it is

important to realize that the ultra sound is emitted in a cone about 30° wide. Anything within the cone of ultrasound can cause a reflection and possibly an accidental measurement. A common problem in using motion detectors is getting unintentional reflections from a desk or chair in the room.

0 Often unintended reflections can be minimized by

tilting the CBR 2™ motion detector slightly.

0 If you begin with a velocity or acceleration graph

and obtain a confusing display, switch back to a distance graph to see if it makes sense. If not, the CBR 2™ motion detector may not be properly targeting the target.

0 The CBR 2™ motion detector does not properly

detect objects closer than 15 cm. The maximum range is about 6 m, but stray objects in the wide detection cone can be problematic at this distance.

0 Sometimes a target may not supply a strong

reflection of the ultrasound. For example, if the target is a person wearing a bulky sweater, the resulting graph may be inconsistent.

0 If the velocity and acceleration graphs are noisy, try

to increase the strength of the ultrasonic reflection from the target by increasing the target’s area.

You may want to have your students hold a large book in front of them as they walk in front of the CBR 2™ motion detector. This will produce better graphs because it smoothes out the motion.

Typical plots

Distance vs. Time

Matching Distance vs. Time

Answers to questions

9. The slope of the portion of the graph corresponding to movement is greater for the faster trial.

Results will probably vary between groups as they

may walk at different rates.

Walking towards the motion detector will produce

a negative slope. While walking away from the motion detector will produce a positive slope.

12. Note that the slope is close to zero (if not zero) when standing still. The slope should be zero, but expect small variation due to the variation in collected data.

Activity 1—Graphing Your Motion Linear

Graphs made using a CBR 2™ motion detector can be used to study motion. In this experiment, you will use a

Objectives

Data collection: Distance vs. Time Graphs

CBR 2™ motion detector to make graphs of your own motion.

In this experiment, you will:

0 use a motion detector to measure distance and velocity 0 produce graphs of your motion 0 analyze the graphs you produce

Ê Place a CBR 2™ motion detector to a tabletop facing an area free of furniture and other

objects. The above your waist level.

CBR 2™ motion detector should be at a height of about 15 centimeters

walk back and forth in

front of the CBR 2™

motion detector

Ë Use short strips of masking tape on the floor to mark the 1-m, 2-m, 3-m, and 4-m

distances from the

CBR 2™ motion detector.

Ì Connect the CBR 2™ motion detector to the calculator using an appropriate cable (see

below) and firmly press in the cable ends.

0 If TI-83 Plus, TI-89, TI-92 Plus, TI-89 Titanium, Voyage™ 200, use an I/O unit-to-unit

cable

0 If TI-84 Plus, use a Standard-B to Mini-A USB cable (unit-to-CBR 2™)

Í On the calculator, press Œ and select EasyData to launch the EasyData App or press

2 ° and select RANGER if you are using a calculator that does not operate with EasyData.

Note: EasyData will launch automatically if the

a TI-84 Plus using a unit-to-

CBR 2™ cable.

CBR 2™ motion detector is connected to

Activity 1—Graphing Your Motion

Î To set up the calculator for data collection using EasyData:

a. Select Setup (press p) to open the Setup menu.

(cont.)

Linear

TI-83/84 Family users

b. Press 2 to select

Settings

c. Select Edit (press q) to open the

window.

d. Enter 0.1 to set the time between samples to 1/10 second.

e. Select

Samples

f. Enter 50 to set the number of samples to collect.

The experiment length will be 5 seconds (number of

samples multiplied by the sample interval).

g. Select

settings.

h. Select

screen.

Next (press q) to advance to the Number of

dialog window.

Next (press q) to display a summary of the new

OK (press s) to return to the main screen.

2: Time Graph to open the Time Graph

Sample Interval dialog

To set up the calculator for data collection using RANGER:

TI-89/Titanium/92+/V200

a. Choose 1:Setup/Sample… from the Main Menu.

b. Use C D to move to each parameter line. Use B to view

the options for each parameter. To change a parameter, highlight the options and press ¸.

Ï Explore making distance vs. time graphs.

a. Stand at the 1.0-m mark, facing away from the

motion detector.

b. Signal your partner to select

c. Slowly walk to the 2.5-m mark and stop.

d. When data collection ends, a graph plot is displayed.

Start (press p).

CBR 2™

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