Datasheet 5962-9089502MCA Datasheet (Texas Instruments)

TLC2654, TLC2654A

Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

1

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

D

Input Noise Voltage

0.5 µV (Peak-to-Peak) Typ, f = 0 to 1 Hz

1.5 µV (Peak-to-Peak) Typ, f = 0 to 10 Hz
47 nV/√Hz Typ, f = 10 Hz
13 nV/√Hz

Typ, f = 1 kHz

D

High Chopping Frequency . . . 10 kHz Typ

D

No Clock Noise Below 10 kHz

D

No Intermodulation Error Below 5 kHz

D

Low Input Offset Voltage

10 µV Max (TLC2654A)

D

Excellent Offset Voltage Stability
With Temperature . . . 0.05 µV/°C Max

D

AVD. . . 135 dB Min (TLC2654A)

D

CMRR...110 dB Min (TLC2654A)

D

k

SVR

. . . 120 dB Min (TLC2654A)

D

Single-Supply Operation

D

Common-Mode Input Voltage Range
Includes the Negative Rail

D

No Noise Degradation With External
Capacitors Connected to V

DD–

D

Available in Q-Temp Automotive

HighRel Automotive Applications
Configuration Control/Print Support
Qualification to Automotive Standards

description

The TLC2654 and TLC2654A are low-noise
chopper-stabilized operational amplifiers using
the Advanced LinCMOS process. Combining
this process with chopper-stabilization circuitry
makes excellent dc precision possible. In addition,
circuit techniques are added that give the
TLC2654 and TLC2654A noise performance
unsurpassed by similar devices.
Chopper-stabilization techniques provide for extremely high dc precision by continuously nulling input offset
voltage even during variations in temperature, time, common-mode voltage, and power-supply voltage. The
high chopping frequency of the TLC2654 and TLC2654A (see Figure 1) provides excellent noise performance
in a frequency spectrum from near dc to 10 kHz. In addition, intermodulation or aliasing error is eliminated from
frequencies up to 5 kHz.

This high dc precision and low noise, coupled with the extremely high input impedance of the CMOS input stage,
makes the TLC2654 and TLC2654A ideal choices for a broad range of applications such as low-level,
low-frequency thermocouple amplifiers and strain gauges and wide-bandwidth and subsonic circuits. For
applications requiring even greater dc precision, use the TLC2652 or TLC2652A devices, which have a
chopping frequency of 450 Hz.

Copyright  1999, Texas Instruments Incorporated

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

On products compliant to MIL-PRF-38535, all parameters are tested
unless otherwise noted. On all other products, production
processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.

Advanced LinCMOS is a trademark of Texas Instruments Incorporated.

1
2
3
4

8
7
6
5

C

XA

IN–
IN+

V

DD–

C

XB

V

DD+

OUT
CLAMP

D, JG, OR P PACKAGE

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

14
13
12
11
10

9
8

C

XB

C

XA

NC
IN–
IN+

NC

V

DD–

INT/EXT
CLK IN
CLK OUT
V

DD+

OUT
CLAMP
C RETURN

D, J, OR N PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

NC – No internal connection

3 2 1 20 19

910111213

4
5
6
7
8

18
17
16
15
14

CLK OUT
NC
V

DD+

NC
OUT

NC
NC

IN–

NC

IN+

FK PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

CCNC

C RETURN

CLAMP

INT/EXT

CLK IN

NC

V

NC

XA

XB

DD –

(TOP VIEW)

TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

2

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

description (continued)

The TLC2654 and TLC2654A common-mode
input voltage range includes the negative rail,
thereby providing superior performance in either
single-supply or split-supply applications, even at
power supply voltage levels as low as ±2.3 V.

Two external capacitors are required to operate
the device; however, the on-chip chopper-control
circuitry is transparent to the user. On devices in
the 14-pin and 20-pin packages, the control
circuitry is accessible, allowing the user the option
of controlling the clock frequency with an external
frequency source. In addition, the clock threshold
of the TLC2554 and TLC2654A requires no level
shifting when used in the single-supply configura­tion with a normal CMOS or TTL clock input.

Innovative circuit techniques used on the
TLC2654 and TLC2654A allow exceptionally fast
overload recovery time. An output clamp pin is
available to reduce the recovery time even further.

The device inputs and outputs are designed to
withstand –100-mA surge currents without
sustaining latch-up. In addition, the TLC2654 and TLC2654A incorporate internal ESD-protection circuits that
prevent functional failures at voltages up to 2000 V as tested under MIL-STD-883C, Method 3015; however,
exercise care in handling these devices, as exposure to ESD may result in degradation of the device parametric
performance.

The C-suffix devices are characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C. The I-suffix devices are characterized
for operation from –40°C to 85°C. The Q-suffix devices are characterized for operation from –40°C to 125°C.
The M-suffix devices are characterized for operation over the full military temperature range of –55°C to125°C.

AVAILABLE OPTIONS

PACKAGED DEVICES

V

max

8 PIN 14 PIN 20 PIN

T

A

VIOmax

AT 25°C

SMALL

OUTLINE

(D)

CERAMIC

DIP

(JG)

PLASTIC

DIP

(P)

SMALL

OUTLINE

(D)

CERAMIC

DIP

(J)

PLASTIC

DIP

(N)

CERAMIC

DIP

(FK)

0°C

to

10 µV

TLC2654AC-8D

-

—
—

TLC2654ACP

TLC2654AC-14D

-

—
—

TLC2654ACN

—
—

70°C

20 mV

TLC2654C-8D

—

TLC2654CP

TLC2654C-14D

—

TLC2654CN

—

–40°C

to

10 µV

TLC2654AI-8D

-

—
—

TLC2654AIP

TLC2654AI-14D

-

—
—

TLC2654AIN

—
—

85°C

20 µV

TLC2654I-8D

—

TLC2654IP

TLC2654I-14D

—

TLC2654IN

—

–40°C

to

10 µV

TLC2654AQ-8D

-

—
—

—
—

—
—

—
—

—
—

—
—

125°C

20 µV

TLC2654Q-8D

—————

—

–55°C

to

10 µV

TLC2654AM-8D

-

TLC2654AMJG

TLC2654AMP

TLC2654AM-14D

-

TLC2654AMJ

TLC2654AMN

TLC2654AMFK

125°C

20 µV

TLC2654M-8D

TLC2654MJG

TLC2654MP

TLC2654M-14D

TLC2654MJ

TLC2654MN

TLC2654MFK

The 8-pin and 14-pin D packages are available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to device type (e.g., TLC2654AC-8DR).

Vn – Equivalent Input Noise Voltage – nV/XXVZ

EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE

vs

FREQUENCY

1 k

100

10

1 10 100

f – Frequency – Hz

1 k

10 k

V

n

nV/ Hz

Typical 250-Hz
Chopper-Stabilized
Operational Amplifier

TLC2654

Figure 1

TLC2654, TLC2654A

Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

3

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

functional block diagram

External Components

C RETURN

V

DD–

Null

IN+
IN–

V

DD+

Main

C

IC

CLAMP

OUT

C

XB

C

XA

Clamp

Circuit

Compensation-

Biasing

Circuit

A

A

A

B

B

B

5

4

11

1

2

7

8

9

10

+
–

+
–

Pin numbers shown are for the D (14 pin), J, and N packages.

TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

4

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)

†

Supply voltage, V

DD+

(see Note 1) 8 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Supply voltage, V

DD–

(see Note 1) –8 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Differential input voltage, V

ID

(see Note 2) ±16 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Input voltage, VI (any input, see Note 1) ±8 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Voltage range on CLK IN and INT/EXT V

DD–

to V

DD–

+ 5.2 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Input current, I

I

(each input) ±5 mA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Output current, IO ±50 mA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Duration of short-circuit current at (or below) 25°C (see Note 3) unlimited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Current into CLK IN and INT/EXT

±5 mA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Continuous total dissipation See Dissipation Rating Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operating free-air temperature range, TA: C suffix 0°C to 70°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I suffix –40°C to 85°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Q suffix –40°C to 125°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

M suffix –55°C to 125°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Storage temperature range –65°C to 150°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Case temperature for 60 seconds: FK package 260°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds: D, N, or P package 260°C. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 60 seconds: J or JG package 300°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

†

Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

NOTES: 1. All voltage values, except differential voltages, are with respect to the midpoint between V

DD+

and V

DD–

.

2. Differential voltages are at IN+ with respect to IN–.

3. The output may be shorted to either supply. Temperature and/or supply voltages must be limited to ensure that the maximum
dissipation rating is not exceeded.

DISSIPATION RATING TABLE

T

≤ 25°C DERATING FACTOR T

= 70°C T

= 85°C T

= 125°C

PACKAGE

A

POWER RATING ABOVE TA = 25°CAPOWER RATINGAPOWER RATINGAPOWER RATING

D (8 pin

)

725 mW 5.8 mW/°C 464 mW 377 mW 145 mW

D (8 in)

D (14 pin

)

725 mW

950 mW

5.8 mW/ C

7.6 mW/°C

464 mW

608 mW

377 mW

494 mW

145 mW

190 mW

()

FK 1375 mW 11.0 mW/°C 880 mW 715 mW 275 mW

J 1375 mW 11.0 mW/°C 880 mW 715 mW 275 mW

JG 1050 mW 8.4 mW/°C 672 mW 546 mW 210 mW

N 1150 mW 9.2 mW/°C 736 mW 598 mW 230 mW
P 1000 mW 8.0 mW/°C 640 mW 520 mW 200 mW

recommended operating conditions

C SUFFIX I SUFFIX Q SUFFIX M SUFFIX

MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX

UNIT

Supply voltage, V

DD±

±2.3 ±8 ±2.3 ±8 ±2.3 ±8 ±2.3 ±8 V

Common-mode input voltage, V

IC

V

DD–VDD+

–2.3 V

DD–VDD+

–2.3 V

DD–VDD+

–2.3 V

DD–VDD+

–2.3 V

Clock input voltage V

DD–

V

DD–

+5 V

DD–

V

DD–

+5 V

DD–

V

DD–

+5 V

DD–

V

DD–

+5 V

Operating free-air temperature, T

A

0 70 –40 85 –40 125 –55 125 °C

TLC2654, TLC2654A

Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

5

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

electrical characteristics at specified free-air temperature, V

DD±

= ±5 V (unless otherwise noted)

TLC2654C TLC2654AC

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

T

A

†

MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX

UNIT

Input offset voltage

25°C 5 20 4 10

V

IO

g

(see Note 4)

Full range 34 24

µ

V

T emperature coef ficient of

°

α

VIO

input offset voltage

Full range

0.01

0.05

0.01

0.05µV/°C

Input offset voltage
long-term drift (see Note 5)

VIC = 0, RS = 50 Ω

25°C

0.003 0.06 0.003 0.02 µV/mo

p

25°C 30 30

p

IIOInput offset current

Full range 150 150

pA

p

25°C 50 50

p

IIBInput bias current

Full range 150 150

pA

Common-mode input

–5

–5

V

ICR

voltage range

R

S

= 50

Ω

Full range

t

o

2.7

t

o

2.7

V

Maximum positive peak

25°C 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.8

V

OM+

output voltage swing

R

L

= 10 kΩ,

See Note 6

Full range 4.7 4.7

V

Maximum negative peak

25°C –4.7 –4.9 –4.7 –4.9

V

OM–

g

output voltage swing

R

L

= 10 kΩ,

See Note 6

Full range –4.7 –4.7

V

Large-signal differential

25°C 120 155 135 155

A

VD

gg

voltage amplification

V

O

= ±4 V,

R

L

= 10

kΩ

Full range 120 130

dB

Internal chopping
frequency

25°C 10 10 kHz

p

25°C 25 25

Clamp on-state current

R

L

=

100 kΩ

Full range 25 25

µ

A

p

25°C 100 100

p

Clamp off-state current

V

O

= –

4 V to 4 V

Full range 100 100

pA

Common-mode rejection

VO = 0,

25°C 105 125 110 125

CMRR

j

ratio

V

IC

=

V

ICR

min,

RS = 50 Ω

Full range 105 110

dB

Supply voltage rejection V

= ±2.3 V to ±8 V,

25°C 110 125 120 125

k

SVR

ygj

ratio (∆V

DD±

/∆VIO)

DD±

,

VO = 0, RS = 50 Ω

Full range 110 120

dB

pp

25°C 1.5 2.4 1.5 2.4

IDDSupply current

V

O

= 0,

No load

Full range 2.5 2.5

mA

†

Full range is 0°C to 70°C.

NOTES: 4. This parameter is not production tested full range. Thermocouple ef fects preclude measurement of the actual VIO of these devices

in high-speed automated testing. VIO is measured to a limit determined by the test equipment capability at the temperature extremes.
The test ensures that the stabilization circuitry is performing properly.

5. T ypical values are based on the input offset voltage shift observed through 168 hours of operating life test at TA = 150°C extrapolated
to TA = 25° using the Arrhenius equation and assuming an activation energy of 0.96 eV .

6. Output clamp is not connected.

TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

6

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

operating characteristics at specified free-air temperature, V

DD±

= ±5 V

TEST

TLC2654C TLC2654AC

PARAMETER

TEST

CONDITIONS

T

A

†

MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX

UNIT

25°C 1.5 2 1.5 2

SR+Positive slew rate at unity gain

VO = ±2.3 V ,

Full range 1.3 1.3

V/µs

R

L

= 10 kΩ,

C

= 100 pF

25°C 2.3 3.7 2.3 3.7

SR–Negative slew rate at unity gain

C

L

=

100 F

Full range 1.7 1.7

V/µs

Equivalent input noise voltage

f = 10 Hz

°

47 47 75

V

n

qg

(see Note 7)

f = 1 kHz

25°C

13 13 20

n

V/√H

z

Peak-to-peak equivalent input

f = 0 to 1 Hz

°

0.5 0.5

V

N(PP)

q

noise voltage

f = 0 to 10 Hz

25°C

1.5 1.5

µ

V

I

n

Equivalent input noise current f = 10 kHz 25°C 0.004 0.004 pA/√Hz

f = 10 kHz,

Gain-bandwidth product

,

RL = 10 kΩ,

25°C 1.9 1.9 MHz

L

CL = 100 pF

φ

m

Phase margin at unity gain

RL = 10 kΩ,
CL = 100 pF

25°C 48° 48°

†

Full range is 0°C to 70°C.

NOTE 7: This parameter is tested on a sample basis for the TLC2654A. For other test requirements, please contact the factory. This statement

has no bearing on testing or nontesting of other parameters.

TLC2654, TLC2654A

Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

7

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

electrical characteristics at specified free-air temperature, V

DD ±

= ±5 V (unless otherwise noted)

TLC2654I TLC2654AI

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

T

A

†

MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX

UNIT

Input offset voltage

25°C 5 20 4 10

V

IO

g

(see Note 4)

Full range 40 30

µ

V

T emperature coef ficient of

°

α

VIO

input offset voltage

Full range

0.01

0.05

0.01

0.05µV/°C

Input offset voltage
long-term drift (see Note 5)

VIC = 0, RS = 50 Ω

25°C

0.003 0.06 0.003 0.02 µV/mo

p

25°C 30 30

p

IIOInput offset current

Full range 200 200

pA

p

25°C 50 50

p

IIBInput bias current

Full range 200 200

pA

Common-mode input

–5

–5

V

ICR

voltage range

R

S

= 50

Ω

Full range

t

o

2.7

t

o

2.7

V

Maximum positive peak

25°C 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.8

V

OM+

output voltage swing

R

L

= 10 kΩ,

See Note 6

Full range 4.7 4.7

V

Maximum negative peak

25°C –4.7 –4.9 –4.7 –4.9

V

OM–

g

output voltage swing

R

L

=

10 kΩ

,

See Note 6

Full range –4.7 –4.7

V

Large-signal differential

25°C 120 155 135 155

A

VD

gg

voltage amplification

V

O

= ±4 V,

R

L

= 10

kΩ

Full range 120 125

dB

Internal chopping
frequency

25°C 10 10 kHz

p

25°C 25 25

Clamp on-state current

R

L

=

100 kΩ

Full range 25 25

µ

A

p

25°C 100 100

p

Clamp off-state current

V

O

= –4 V to 4

V

Full range 100 100

pA

Common-mode rejection

VO = 0,

25°C 105 125 110 125

CMRR

j

ratio

V

IC

=

V

ICR

m

i

n,

RS = 50 Ω

Full range 105 110

dB

Supply voltage rejection V

= ± 2.3 V to ±8 V,

25°C 110 125 120 125

k

SVR

ygj

ratio (∆V

DD±

/∆VIO)

DD±

,

VO = 0, RS = 50 Ω

Full range 110 120

dB

pp

25°C 1.5 2.4 1.5 2.4

IDDSupply current

V

O

= 0,

No load

Full range 2.5 2.5

mA

†

Full range is –40°C to 85°C

NOTES: 4. This parameter is not production tested full range. Thermocouple effects preclude measurement of the actual VIO of these devices

in high-speed automated testing. VIO is measured to a limit determined by the test equipment capability at the temperature extremes.
The test ensures that the stabilization circuitry is performing properly.

5. T ypical values are based on the input offset voltage shift observed through 168 hours of operating life test at TA = 150°C extrapolated
to TA = 25°C using the Arrhenius equation and assuming an activation energy of 0.96 eV .

6. Output clamp is not connected.

TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

8

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

operating characteristics at specified free-air temperature, V

DD±

= ±5 V

TEST

TLC2654I TLC2654AI

PARAMETER

CONDITIONS

T

A

†

MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX

UNIT

25°C 1.5 2 1.5 2

SR+Positive slew rate at unity gain

VO = ±2.3 V ,

Full range 1.2 1.2

V/µs

R

L

= 10 kΩ,

C

= 100 pF

25°C 2.3 3.7 2.3 3.7

SR–Negative slew rate at unity gain

C

L

=

100 F

Full range 1.5 1.5

V/µs

Equivalent input noise voltage

f = 10 Hz

°

47 47 75

V

n

qg

(see Note 7)

f = 1 kHz

25°C

13 13 20

n

V/√H

z

Peak-to-peak equivalent input

f = 0 to 1 Hz

°

0.5 0.5

V

N(PP)

q

noise voltage

f = 0 to 10 Hz

25°C

1.5 1.5

µ

V

I

n

Equivalent input noise current f = 10 kHz 25°C 0.004 0.004 pA/√Hz

f = 10 kHz

,

Gain-bandwidth product

f 10 kHz,

RL = 10 kΩ,

25°C 1.9 1.9 MHz

L

CL = 100 pF

φ

m

Phase margin at unity gain

RL = 10 kΩ,
CL = 100 pF

25°C 48° 48°

†

Full range is –40°C to 85°C.

NOTE 7: This parameter is tested on a sample basis for the TLC2654A. For other test requirements, please contact the factory. This statement

has no bearing on testing or nontesting of other parameters.

TLC2654, TLC2654A

Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED

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electrical characteristics at specified free-air temperature, V

DD ±

= ±5 V (unless otherwise noted)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS

T

†

TLC2654Q
TLC2654M

TLC2654AQ
TLC2654AM

UNIT

T

A

MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX

Input offset voltage

25°C 5 20 4 10

V

IO

g

(see Note 4)

Full range 50 40

µ

V

T emperature coef ficient of

°

α

VIO

input offset voltage

Full range

0.01

0.05∗0.01

0.05

∗

µ

V/°C

Input offset voltage
long-term drift (see Note 5)

VIC = 0, RS = 50 Ω

25°C

0.003 0.06

∗

0.003 0.02∗µV/mo

p

25°C 30 30

p

IIOInput offset current

Full range 500 500

pA

p

25°C 50 50

p

IIBInput bias current

Full range 500 500

pA

–5 –5

V

ICR

C

ommon-mode input

RS = 50 Ω Full range

5to5

to

V

ICR

voltage range

S

g

2.7 2.7

Maximum positive peak

25°C 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.8

V

OM+

output voltage swing

R

L

= 10 kΩ,

See Note 6

Full range 4.7 4.7

V

Maximum negative peak

25°C –4.7 –4.9 –4.7 –4.9

V

OM–

g

output voltage swing

R

L

= 10 kΩ,

See Note 6

Full range –4.7 –4.7

V

Large-signal differential

25°C 120 155 135 155

A

VD

gg

voltage amplification

V

O

= ±4 V,

R

L

= 10

kΩ

Full range 120 120

dB

Internal chopping
frequency

25°C 10 10 kHz

p

25°C 25 25

Clamp on-state current

R

L

=

100 kΩ

Full range 25 25

µ

A

p

25°C 100 100

p

Clamp off-state current

V

O

= –4 V to 4

V

Full range 500 500

pA

Common-mode rejection

VO = 0,

25°C 105 125 110 125

CMRR

j

ratio

V

IC

=

V

ICR

m

i

n,

RS = 50 Ω

Full range 105 110

dB

Supply voltage rejection V

= ±2.3 V to ±8 V,

25°C 110 125 110 125

k

SVR

ygj

ratio (∆V

DD±

/∆VIO)

DD±

,

VO = 0, RS = 50 Ω

Full range 105 110

dB

pp

25°C 1.5 2.4 1.5 2.4

IDDSupply current

V

O

= 0,

No load

Full range 2.5 2.5

mA

∗ On products complaint to MIL-STD-883, Class B, this parameter is not production tested.
†

Full range is –40° to 125°C for Q suffix, –55° to 125°C for M suffix.

NOTES: 4. This parameter is not production tested full range. Thermocouple effects preclude measurement of the actual VIO of these devices

in high-speed automated testing. VIO is measured to a limit determined by the test equipment capability at the temperature extremes.
The test ensures that the stabilization circuitry is performing properly.

5. T ypical values are based on the input offset voltage shift observed through 168 hours of operating life test at TA = 150°C extrapolated
to TA = 25°C using the Arrhenius equation and assuming an activation energy of 0.96 eV .

6. Output clamp is not connected.

TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

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operating characteristics at specified free-air temperature, V

DD±

= ±5 V

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS

T

A

†

TLC2654Q
TLC2654M
TLC2654AQ
TLC2654AM

UNIT

MIN TYP MAX

25°C 1.5 2

SR+Positive slew rate at unity gain

p

Full range 1.1

V/µs

V

O

= ±2.3 V,

R

L

= 10 kΩ,

C

L

=

100 pF

25°C 2.3 3.7

SR–Negative slew rate at unity gain

Full range 1.3

V/µs

p

f = 10 Hz 25°C 47

VnEquivalent input noise voltage

f = 1 kHz 25°C 13

n

V/√H

z

Peak-to-peak equivalent input

f = 0 to 1 Hz 25°C 0.5

V

N(PP)

q

noise voltage

f = 0 to 10 Hz

25°C 1.5

µ

V

I

n

Equivalent input noise current f = 1 kHz 25°C 0.004 pA/√Hz
Gain-bandwidth product f = 10 kHz, RL = 10 kΩ, CL = 100 pF 25°C 1.9 MHz

φ

m

Phase margin at unity gain RL = 10 kΩ, CL = 100 pF 25°C 48°

†

Full range is –40° to 125°C for Q suffix, –55° to 125°C for M suffix.

TLC2654, TLC2654A

Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Table of Graphs

FIGURE

V

IO

Input offset voltage Distribution 2
Normalized input offset voltage vs Chopping frequency 3

p

vs Chopping frequency 4

IIOInput offset current

gq y

vs Free-air temperature 5
vs Common-mode input voltage 6

I

IB

Input bias current

vs Common mode in ut voltage

vs Chopping frequency

6

7

IB

gq y

vs Free-air temperature 8

Clamp current vs Output voltage 9

p

p

vs Output current 10

VOMMaximum peak output voltage swing

vs Free-air temperature 11

V

O(PP)

Maximum peak-to-peak output voltage swing vs Frequency 12

CMRR Common-mode rejection ratio vs Frequency 13

p

vs Frequency 14

AVDLarge-signal differential voltage amplification

qy

vs Free-air temperature 15

pp

vs Supply voltage 16

Chopping frequenc

y

yg

vs Free-air temperature 17

pp

vs Supply voltage 18

IDDSupply current

yg

vs Free-air temperature 19

p

vs Supply voltage 20

IOSShort-circuit output current

yg

vs Free-air temperature 21
vs Supply voltage 22

SR

Slew rate

yg

vs Free-air temperature 23

p

Small signal 24

Pulse response

g

Large signal 25

V

N(PP)

Peak-to-peak input noise voltage vs Chopping frequency 26, 27

V

n

Equivalent input noise voltage vs Frequency 28

k

SVR

Supply voltage rejection ratio vs Frequency 29

p

vs Supply voltage 30

Gain-bandwidth product

yg

vs Free-air temperature 31
vs Supply voltage 32

φmPhase margin

yg

vs Load capacitance 33

Phase shift vs Frequency 14

TLC2654, TLC2654A
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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

†

Figure 2

8

4

0

Percentage of Units – %

12

16

DISTRIBUTION OF TLC2654

INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE

20

–20 –16 –12 – 8 – 4 0 4 8 12 16 20

456 Units Tested From 4 Wafer Lots

VIO – Input Offset Voltage – µV

V

DD±

= ±5 V

TA = 25°C
N Package

Figure 3

10

0

–10

VIO – Normalized Input Offset Voltage – uV

20

30

NORMALIZED INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE

vs

CHOPPING FREQUENCY

40

100 1K 10K 100K

V

IO

µV

V

DD±

= ± 5 V

VIC = 0
TA = 25°C

Chopping Frequency – Hz

Figure 4

60

40

20

0

100 1 k 10 k

IIO – Input Offset Current – pA

80

INPUT OFFSET CURRENT

vs

CHOPPING FREQUENCY

100

100 k

I

IO

120

140

V

DD±

= ±5 V

VIC = 0
TA = 25°C

Chopping Frequency – Hz

Figure 5

IIO – Input Offset Current – pA

I

IO

60

40

20

0

25 45 65 85

80

INPUT OFFSET CURRENT

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

100

105 125

TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C

V

DD±

= ±5 V

VIC = 0

†

Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.

TLC2654, TLC2654A

Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

†

Figure 6

VIC – Common-Mode Input Voltage – V

INPUT BIAS CURRENT

vs

COMMON-MODE INPUT VOLTAGE

10

IIB – Input Bias Current – pA

100

1000

– 5 – 3 –1 1 3 5

I

IB

V

DD±

= ±5 V

TA = 25°C

– 4 – 2 0 2 4

Figure 7

INPUT BIAS CURRENT

vs

CHOPPING FREQUENCY

60

40

20

0

100 1 k 10 k 100 k

IIB – Input Bias Current – pA

80

100

I

IB

V

DD±

= ±5 V

VIC = 0
TA = 25°C

Chopping Frequency – Hz

Figure 8

TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C

60

40

20

0

25 45 65 85

IIB – Input Bias Current – pA

80

INPUT BIAS CURRENT

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

100

105 125

I

IB

V

DD±

= ±5 V

VIC = 0

Figure 9

1 nA

100 pA

10 pA

1 pA

4 4.2 4.4 4.6

|Clamp Current|

10

CLAMP CURRENT

vs

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

4.8 5

|VO| – Output Voltage – V

1

100 nA

10 nA

V

DD±

= ±5 V

TA = 25°C

100

Aµ

Aµ

Aµ

Positive Clamp Current

Negative Clamp Current

†

Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.

TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

†

Figure 10

4.6

4.4

4.2

4

– Maximum Peak Output Voltage – V

4.8

MAXIMUM PEAK OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

5



OM

|IO| – Output Current – mA

V

DD±

= ±5 V

TA = 25°C

V

OM+

V

OM–

0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2

V 

Figure 11

TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C

5

0

– 2.5

– 5

–75 – 50 – 25 0 25 50

MAXIMUM PEAK OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

75 100 125

2.5

V

DD±

= ±5 V

RL = 10 kΩ

– Maximum Peak Output Voltage – V

OM

V

V

OM+

V

OM–

Figure 12

6

4

2

0

VO(PP) – Maximum Peak-to-Peak Output Voltage – V

8

10

100 1 k 10 k

f – Frequency – Hz

MAXIMUM PEAK-TO-PEAK OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

FREQUENCY

100 k 1 M

V

O(PP)

TA = –55°C

TA = 125°C

V

DD±

= ±5 V

RL = 10 kΩ

Figure 13

100

80

40

20

0

140

60

10 100 1 k 10 k

CMRR – Common-Mode Rejection Ratio – dB

120

f – Frequency – Hz

COMMOM-MODE REJECTION RATIO

vs

FREQUENCY

V

DD±

= ±5 V

TA = 25°C

†

Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.

TLC2654, TLC2654A

Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

†

Figure 14

20

0

–20

–40

AVD – Large-Signal Differential Voltage Amplification – dB

40

60

80

10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k

f – Frequency – Hz

LARGE-SIGNAL DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE

AMPLIFICATION AND PHASE SHIFT

vs

FREQUENCY

1 M 10 M

100

120

220°

200°

180°

160°

140°

120°

100°

80°

60°

A

VD

V

DD±

= ±5 V

RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF
TA = 25°C

Phase Shift

A

VD

Phase Shift

Figure 15

TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C

156

154

152

– 25 0 50

158

LARGE-SIGNAL DIFFERENTIAL

VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

160

100 125

– 50 25 75

V

DD±

= ±5 V

RL = 10 kΩ
VO = ±4 V

AVD – Large-Signal Differential Voltage Amplification – dB

A

VD

– 75

150

Figure 16

|V

DD±

| – Supply Voltage – V

10.6

10.2

9.8

9.4
012345

Chopping Frequency – kHz

11

11.4

CHOPPING FREQUENCY

vs

SUPPLY VOLTAGE

678

TA = 25°C

Figure 17

10.5

9.5

9

8.5
–75 – 50 – 25 0 25 50

CHOPPING FREQUENCY

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

75 100 125

10

V

DD±

= ±5 V

TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C

Chopping Frequency – kHz

†

Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.

TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

†

Figure 18

IDD – Supply Current – mA

I

DD

1.2

0.8

0.4

0

0235

1.6

SUPPLY CURRENT

vs

SUPPLY VOLTAGE

2

78

146

TA = 25°C

TA = –55°C

TA = 125°C

VO = 0
No Load

|VDD ±| – Supply Voltage – V

Figure 19

1.2

0.8

0.4

0

–75 – 25 0 50

IDD – Supply Current – mA

1.6

SUPPLY CURRENT

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

2

100 125

– 50 25 75

I

DD

V

DD±

= ±5 V

V

DD±

= ±7.5 V

V

DD±

= ±2.5 V

VO = 0
No Load

TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C

Figure 20

0

– 4

– 8

–12

012345

IOS – Short-Circuit Output Current – mA

4

8

SHORT-CIRCUIT OUTPUT CURRENT

vs

SUPPLY VOLTAGE

12

678

|VDD ±| – Supply Voltage – V

I

OS

VO = 0
TA = 25°C

VID = –100 mV

VID = 100 mV

Figure 21

0

– 5

–10

–15

–75 – 50 – 25 0 25 50

IOS – Short-Circuit Output Current – mA

5

10

SHORT-CIRCUIT OUTPUT CURRENT

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

15

75 100 125

TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C

I

OS

VID = 100 mV

VID = –100 mV

V

DD±

= ±5 V

VO = 0

†

Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.

TLC2654, TLC2654A

Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

†

Figure 22

5

4

1

0

1234567

SR – Slew Rate – V/us

SLEW RATE

vs

SUPPLY VOLTAGE

8

3

2

µsV/

RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF
TA = 25°C

SR–

0

|VDD ±| – Supply Voltage – V

SR+

Figure 23

1

02550

SR – Slew Rate – V/us

3

SLEW RATE

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

4

75 100 125

2

0

µsV/

V

DD±

= ±5 V

RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF

SR–

SR+

–75 –50 –25

TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C

Figure 24

t – Time – µs

25

– 50

–75

–100

0123

VO – Output Voltage – mV

75

VOLTAGE-FOLLOWER

SMALL-SIGNAL

PULSE RESPONSE

46

0

100

50

– 25

V

O

V

DD±

= ±5 V

RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF
TA = 25°C

5

7

Figure 25

t – Time – µs

51015202530

VO – Output Voltage – V

VOLTAGE-FOLLOWER

LARGE-SIGNAL

PULSE RESPONSE

35 40

V

O

V

DD±

= ±5 V

RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF
TA = 25°C

1

– 2

– 3

– 4

3

0

4

2

–1

0

†

Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.

TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Figure 26

Chopping Frequency – kHz

VN(PP) – Peak-to-Peak Input Noise Voltage – uV

N(PP)

V

PEAK-TO-PEAK INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE

vs

CHOPPING FREQUENCY

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0246810

V

DD±

= ±5 V

RS = 20 Ω
f = 0 to 1 Hz
TA = 25°C

µV

Figure 27

VN(PP) – Peak-to-Peak Input Noise Voltage – uV

N(PP)

V

µV

3

2

1

0

0246

4

PEAK-TO-PEAK INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE

vs

CHOPPING FREQUENCY

5

810

V

DD±

= ±5 V

RS = 20 Ω
f = 0 to 10 Hz
TA = 25°C

Chopping Frequency – kHz

Figure 28

30

20

10

0

1 10 100

VN – Equivalent Input Noise Voltage – xxxxxx

40

f – Frequency – Hz

EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE

vs

FREQUENCY

50

1 k

10 k

nV/ Hz

V

n

V

DD±

= ±5 V

RS = 20 Ω
TA = 25°C

Figure 29

100

80

40

20

140

60

100 1 k 10 k

kSVR – Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio – dB

120

f – Frequency – Hz

SUPPLY VOLTAGE REJECTION RATIO

vs

FREQUENCY

k

SVR

V

DD±

= ±2.3 V to ±8 V

TA = 25°C

k

SVR+

k

SVR–

0

10

TLC2654, TLC2654A

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

†

Figure 30

|V

DD±

| – Supply Voltage – V

1.9

1.8
012345

Gain-Bandwidth Product – MHz

2

GAIN-BANDWIDTH PRODUCT

vs

SUPPLY VOLTAGE

2.1

678

RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF
TA = 25°C

Figure 31

2

1.8

1.6

1.2
–75 – 50 – 25 0 25 50

Gain-Bandwidth Product – MHz

2.2

2.4

GAIN-BANDWIDTH PRODUCT

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

2.6

75 100 125

V

DD±

= ±5 V

RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF

1.4

TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C

Figure 32

0235

– Phase Margin

PHASE MARGIN

vs

SUPPLY VOLTAGE

78146

φ

m

|V

DD±

| – Supply Voltage – V

60°

50°

40°

30°

20°

10°

0°

RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF
TA = 25°C

Figure 33

60°

50°

40°

30°

20°

10°

0°

CL – Load Capacitance – pF

0 200 400 600

PHASE MARGIN

vs

LOAD CAPACITANCE

800 1000

V

DD±

= ±5 V

RL = 10 kΩ
TA = 25°C

– Phase Marginφ

m

†

Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.

0

– 50

0 10203040

VI – Input Voltage – mV VO – Output Voltage – V

– 5

t – Time – ms

0

50 60 70 80

V

I

V

O

V

DD±

= ±5 V

TA = 25°C

Figure 34. Overload Recovery

TLC2654, TLC2654A
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APPLICATION INFORMATION

capacitor selection and placement

Leakage and dielectric absorption are the two important factors to consider when selecting external capacitors
CXA and CXB. Both factors can cause system degradation, negating the performance advantages realized by
using the TLC2654.

Degradation from capacitor leakage becomes more apparent with increasing temperatures. Low-leakage
capacitors and standoffs are recommended for operation at TA = 125°C. In addition, guard bands are
recommended around the capacitor connections on both sides of the printed-circuit board to alleviate problems
caused by surface leakage on circuit boards.

Capacitors with high dielectric absorption tend to take several seconds to settle upon application of power, which
directly affects input offset voltage. In applications needing fast settling of input voltage, high-quality film
capacitors such as mylar, polystyrene, or polypropylene should be used. In other applications, a ceramic or
other low-grade capacitor can suffice.

Unlike many choppers available today , the TLC2654 is designed to function with values of C

XA

and CXB in the
range of 0.1 µF to 1 µF without degradation to input offset voltage or input noise voltage. These capacitors
should be located as close as possible to C

XA

and CXB and return to either V

DD–

or C RETURN. On many

choppers, connecting these capacitors to V

DD –

causes degradation in noise performance; this problem is

eliminated on the TLC2654.

internal/external clock

The TLC2654 has an internal clock that sets the chopping frequency to a nominal value of 10 kHz. On 8-pin
packages, the chopping frequency can only be controlled by the internal clock; however, on all 14-pin packages
and the 20-pin FK package the device chopping frequency can be set by the internal clock or controlled
externally by use of the INT/EXT

and CLK IN. To use the internal 10-kHz clock, no connection is necessary . If

external clocking is desired, connect INT/EXT to V

DD–

and the external clock to CLK IN. The external clock trip
point is 2.5 V above the negative rail; however, CLK IN can be driven from the negative rail to 5 V above the
negative rail. This allows the TLC2654 to be driven directly by 5-V TTL and CMOS logic when operating in the
single-supply configuration. If this 5-V level is exceeded, damage could occur to the device unless the current
into CLK IN is limited to ±5 mA. A divide-by-two
frequency divider interfaces with CLK IN and sets
the chopping frequency . The chopping frequency
appears on CLK OUT.

overload recovery/output clamp

When large differential-input-voltage conditions
are applied to the TLC2654, the nulling loop
attempts to prevent the output from saturating by
driving CXA and CXB to internally-clamped voltage
levels. Once the overdrive condition is removed,
a period of time is required to allow the built-up
charge to dissipate. This time period is defined as
overload recovery time (see Figure 34). Typical
overload recovery time for the TLC2654 is
significantly faster than competitive products;
however, this time can be reduced further by use
of internal clamp circuitry accessible through
CLAMP if required.

TLC2654, TLC2654A

Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

21

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

APPLICATION INFORMATION

overload recovery/output clamp (continued)

The clamp is a switch that is automatically activated when the output is approximately 1 V from either supply
rail. When connected to the inverting input (in parallel with the closed-loop feedback resistor), the closed-loop
gain is reduced and the TLC2654 output is prevented from going into saturation. Since the output must source
or sink current through the switch (see Figure 9), the maximum output voltage swing is slightly reduced.

thermoelectric effects

To take advantage of the extremely low offset voltage temperature coefficient of the TLC2654, care must be
taken to compensate for the thermoelectric effects present when two dissimilar metals are brought into contact
with each other (such as device leads being soldered to a printed-circuit board). It is not uncommon for dissimilar
metal junctions to produce thermoelectric voltages in the range of several microvolts per degree Celsius (orders
of magnitude greater than the 0.01 µV/°C typical of the TLC2654).

To help minimize thermoelectric effects, pay careful attention to component selection and circuit-board layout.
Avoid the use of nonsoldered connections (such as sockets, relays, switches, etc.) in the input signal path.
Cancel thermoelectric effects by duplicating the number of components and junctions in each device input. The
use of low-thermoelectric-coefficient components, such as wire-wound resistors, is also beneficial.

latch-up avoidance

Because CMOS devices are susceptible to latch-up due to their inherent parasitic thyristors, the TLC2654 inputs
and outputs are designed to withstand –100-mA surge currents without sustaining latch-up; however,
techniques to reduce the chance of latch-up should be used whenever possible. Internal protection diodes
should not, by design, be forward biased. Applied input and output voltages should not exceed the supply
voltage by more than 300 mV . Care should be exercised when using capacitive coupling on pulse generators.
Supply transients should be stunted by the use of decoupling capacitors (0.1 µF typical) located across the
supply rails as close to the device as possible.

The current path established if latch-up occurs is usually between the supply rails and is limited only by the
impedance of the power supply and the forward resistance of the parasitic thyristor. The chance of latch-up
occurring increases with increasing temperature and supply voltage.

electrostatic-discharge protection

The TLC2654 incorporates internal ESD-protection circuits that prevent functional failures at voltages at or
below 2000 V. Care should be exercised in handling these devices, as exposure to ESD may result in
degradation of the device parametric performance.

theory of operation

Chopper-stabilized operational amplifiers offer the best dc performance of any monolithic operational amplifier .
This superior performance is the result of using two operational amplifiers — a main amplifier and a nulling
amplifier – plus oscillator-controlled logic and two external capacitors to create a system that behaves as a
single amplifier. With this approach, the TLC2654 achieves submicrovolt input offset voltage, submicrovolt
noise voltage, and offset voltage variations with temperature in the nV/°C range.

The TLC2654 on-chip control logic produces two dominant clock phases: a nulling phase and an amplifying
phase. The term chopper-stabilized derives from the process of switching between these two clock phases.
Figure 35 shows a simplified block diagram of the TLC2654. Switches A and B are make-before-break types.

TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

22

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

APPLICATION INFORMATION

theory of operation (continued)

During the nulling phase, switch A is closed, shorting the nulling amplifier inputs together and allowing the nulling
amplifier to reduce its own input offset voltage by feeding its output signal back to an inverting input node.
Simultaneously , external capacitor C

XA

stores the nulling potential to allow the offset voltage of the amplifier to

remain nulled during the amplifying phase.

Null

IN+
IN–

Main

V

DD–

C

XA

C

XB

B

A

B

A

+

+

–

–

5
4

10

OUT

7

Pin numbers shown are for the D (14 pin), J, and N packages.

Figure 35. TLC2654 Simplified Block Diagram

During the amplifying phase, switch B is closed, connecting the output of the nulling amplifier to a noninverting
input of the main amplifier. In this configuration, the input offset voltage of the main amplifier is nulled. Also,
external capacitor CXB stores the nulling potential to allow the offset voltage of the main amplifier to remain
nulled during the next nulling phase.

This continuous chopping process allows offset voltage nulling during variations in time and temperature and
over the common-mode input voltage range and power supply range. In addition, because the low-frequency
signal path is through both the null and main amplifiers, extremely high gain is achieved.

The low-frequency noise of a chopper amplifier depends on the magnitude of the component noise prior to
chopping and the capability of the circuit to reduce this noise while chopping. The use of the Advanced LinCMOS
process, with its low-noise analog MOS transistors and patent-pending input stage design, significantly reduces
the input noise voltage.

The primary source of nonideal operation in chopper-stabilized amplifiers is error charge from the switches. As
charge imbalance accumulates on critical nodes, input offset voltage can increase especially with increasing
chopping frequency . This problem has been significantly reduced in the TLC2654 by use of a patent-pending
compensation circuit and the Advanced LinCMOS process.

The TLC2654 incorporates a feed-forward design that ensures continuous frequency response. Essentially , the
gain magnitude of the nulling amplifier and compensation network crosses unity at the break frequency of the
main amplifier. As a result, the high-frequency response of the system is the same as the frequency response
of the main amplifier. This approach also ensures that the slewing characteristics remain the same during both
the nulling and amplifying phases.

The primary limitation on ac performance is the chopping frequency . As the input signal frequency approaches
the chopper’s clock frequency, intermodulation (or aliasing) errors result from the mixing of these frequencies.
To avoid these error signals, the input frequency must be less than half the clock frequency. Most choppers
available today limit the internal chopping frequency to less than 500 Hz in order to eliminate errors due to the
charge imbalancing phenomenon mentioned previously . However , to avoid intermodulation errors on a 500-Hz
chopper, the input signal frequency must be limited to less than 250 Hz.

TLC2654, TLC2654A

Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

23

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

APPLICATION INFORMATION

theory of operation (continued)

The TLC2654 removes this restriction on ac performance by using a 10-kHz internal clock frequency . This high
chopping frequency allows amplification of input signals up to 5 kHz without errors due to intermodulation and
greatly reduces low-frequency noise.

THERMAL INFORMATION

temperature coefficient of input offset voltage

Figure 36 shows the effects of package-included thermal EMF. The TLC2654 can null only the offset voltage
within its nulling loop. There are metal-to-metal junctions outside the nulling loop (bonding wires, solder joints,
etc.) that produce EMF . In Figure 36, a TLC2654 packaged in a 14-pin plastic package (N package) was placed
in an oven at 25°C at t = 0, biased up, and allowed to stabilize. At t = 3 min, the oven was turned on and allowed
to rise in temperature to 125°C. As evidenced by the curve, the overall change in input offset voltage with
temperature is less than the specified maximum limit of 0.05 µV/°C.

– Input Offset Voltage –

– 12

– 15

4

– 18

0 3 6 9 12 15 18

– 4

– 8

0

t – Time – min

8

21 24 27 30

0.1 µF

0.1 µF

50 kΩ

5 V

–5 V

50 kΩ

100 Ω

V

O

VIO = VO/1000

0

– 0.04

0.04

+

–

V

IO

Vµ

aVIO – Temperature Coefficient of

Input Offset Voltage – uV/C

α

VIO

V/µ

C

°

IN–

IN+

4

5

OUT

10– 0.08

– 0.12

– 0.16

– 0.2

0.08

Pin numbers shown are for the D (14-pin), J, and N
packages.

Figure 36. Effects of Package-Induced Thermal EMF

TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

24

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

MECHANICAL DATA

D (R-PDSO-G**) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE

14 PINS SHOWN

4040047/D 10/96

0.228 (5,80)

0.244 (6,20)

0.069 (1,75) MAX

0.010 (0,25)

0.004 (0,10)

1

14

0.014 (0,35)

0.020 (0,51)

A

0.157 (4,00)

0.150 (3,81)

7

8

0.044 (1,12)

0.016 (0,40)

Seating Plane

0.010 (0,25)

PINS **

0.008 (0,20) NOM

A MIN

A MAX

DIM

Gage Plane

0.189

(4,80)

(5,00)

0.197

8

(8,55)

(8,75)

0.337

14

0.344

(9,80)

16

0.394

(10,00)

0.386

0.004 (0,10)

M

0.010 (0,25)

0.050 (1,27)

0°–8°

NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).

B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion, not to exceed 0.006 (0,15).
D. Falls within JEDEC MS-012

TLC2654, TLC2654A

Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

25

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

MECHANICAL DATA

FK (S-CQCC-N**) LEADLESS CERAMIC CHIP CARRIER

4040140/D 10/96

28 TERMINAL SHOWN

B

0.358

(9,09)

MAX

(11,63)

0.560

(14,22)

0.560

0.458

0.858

(21,8)

1.063

(27,0)

(14,22)

A

NO. OF

MINMAX

0.358

0.660

0.761

0.458

0.342

(8,69)

MIN

(11,23)

(16,26)

0.640

0.739

0.442

(9,09)

(11,63)

(16,76)

0.962

1.165

(23,83)

0.938

(28,99)

1.141

(24,43)

(29,59)

(19,32)(18,78)

**

20

28

52

44

68

84

0.020 (0,51)

TERMINALS

0.080 (2,03)

0.064 (1,63)

(7,80)

0.307

(10,31)

0.406

(12,58)

0.495

(12,58)

0.495

(21,6)

0.850

(26,6)

1.047

0.045 (1,14)

0.045 (1,14)

0.035 (0,89)

0.035 (0,89)

0.010 (0,25)

12

1314151618 17

11

10

8

9

7

5

432

0.020 (0,51)

0.010 (0,25)

6

12826 27

19

21

B SQ

A SQ

22

23

24

25

20

0.055 (1,40)

0.045 (1,14)

0.028 (0,71)

0.022 (0,54)

0.050 (1,27)

NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).

B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. This package can be hermetically sealed with a metal lid.
D. The terminals are gold plated.

E. Falls within JEDEC MS-004

TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

26

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

MECHANICAL DATA

J (R-GDIP-T**) CERAMIC DUAL-IN-LINE PACKAGE

1

20

0.290

(7,87)

0.310

0.975

(24,77)

(23,62)

0.930

(7,37)

0.245

(6,22)

(7,62)

0.300

181614

PINS **

0.290

(7,87)

0.310

0.785

(19,94)

(19,18)

0.755

(7,37)

0.310

(7,87)

(7,37)

0.290

0.755

(19,18)

(19,94)

0.785

0.245

(6,22)

(7,62)

0.300A0.300
(7,62)

(6,22)

0.245

A MIN

A MAX

B MAX

B MIN

C MIN

C MAX

DIM

0.310

(7,87)

(7,37)

0.290

(23,10)

0.910

0.300

(7,62)

(6,22)

0.245

0°–15°

Seating Plane

0.014 (0,36)

0.008 (0,20)

4040083/D 08/98

C

8

7

0.020 (0,51) MIN

B

0.070 (1,78)

0.100 (2,54)

0.065 (1,65)

0.045 (1,14)

14 PIN SHOWN

14

0.015 (0,38)

0.023 (0,58)

0.100 (2,54)

0.200 (5,08) MAX

0.130 (3,30) MIN

NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).

B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. This package can be hermetically sealed with a ceramic lid using glass frit.
D. Index point is provided on cap for terminal identification only on press ceramic glass frit seal only.
E. Falls within MIL STD 1835 GDIP1-T14, GDIP1-T16, GDIP1-T18, GDIP1-T20, and GDIP1-T22.

TLC2654, TLC2654A

Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

27

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

MECHANICAL DATA

JG (R-GDIP-T8) CERAMIC DUAL-IN-LINE PACKAGE

0.310 (7,87)

0.290 (7,37)

0.014 (0,36)

0.008 (0,20)

Seating Plane

4040107/C 08/96

5

4

0.065 (1,65)

0.045 (1,14)

8

1

0.020 (0,51) MIN

0.400 (10,20)

0.355 (9,00)

0.015 (0,38)

0.023 (0,58)

0.063 (1,60)

0.015 (0,38)

0.200 (5,08) MAX

0.130 (3,30) MIN

0.245 (6,22)

0.280 (7,11)

0.100 (2,54)

0°–15°

NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).

B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. This package can be hermetically sealed with a ceramic lid using glass frit.
D. Index point is provided on cap for terminal identification only on press ceramic glass frit seal only.

E. Falls within MIL-STD-1835 GDIP1-T8

TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

28

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

MECHANICAL DATA

N (R-PDIP-T**) PLASTIC DUAL-IN-LINE PACKAGE

20

0.975

(24,77)

0.940

(23,88)

18

0.920

0.850

14

0.775

0.745

(19,69)

(18,92)

16

0.775

(19,69)

(18,92)

0.745

A MIN

DIM

A MAX

PINS **

0.310 (7,87)

0.290 (7,37)

(23.37)

(21.59)

Seating Plane

0.010 (0,25) NOM

14/18 PIN ONL Y

4040049/C 08/95

9

8

0.070 (1,78) MAX

A

0.035 (0,89) MAX

0.020 (0,51) MIN

16

1

0.015 (0,38)

0.021 (0,53)

0.200 (5,08) MAX

0.125 (3,18) MIN

0.240 (6,10)

0.260 (6,60)

M

0.010 (0,25)

0.100 (2,54)

0°–15°

16 PIN SHOWN

NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).

B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Falls within JEDEC MS-001 (20 pin package is shorter then MS-001.)

TLC2654, TLC2654A

Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS020F – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

29

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

MECHANICAL DATA

P (R-PDIP-T8) PLASTIC DUAL-IN-LINE PACKAGE

4040082/B 03/95

0.310 (7,87)

0.290 (7,37)

0.010 (0,25) NOM

0.400 (10,60)

0.355 (9,02)

58

41

0.020 (0,51) MIN

0.070 (1,78) MAX

0.240 (6,10)

0.260 (6,60)

0.200 (5,08) MAX

0.125 (3,18) MIN

0.015 (0,38)

0.021 (0,53)

Seating Plane

M

0.010 (0,25)

0.100 (2,54)

0°–15°

NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).

B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Falls within JEDEC MS-001

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