User’s Manual
TK-78K0R/KG3+UD
ZigBee
Wireless Network Evaluation Board
Using the UZ2400 RF chip
and the 78K0R/KG3 Microcontroller
TM
-ready
Date published: October 2009
Rev. 3.0
© TESSERA TECHNOLOGY INC. 2009
Printed in Japan
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Welcome to the world of TK-78K0R/KG3+UD.
You are now being navigated to the design environment
of the 78K0R microcontroller for developing wireless
network applications. Please follow the tutorial step by
step.
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[NOTES]
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. No part of
this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without
the prior written consent of TESSERA TECHNOLOGY INC.
TESSERA TECHNOLOGY INC. assumes no liability for infringement of patents or
copyrights of third parties by or arising from use of a product described herein.
This product is designed and manufactured with intention for use in evaluation
and prototyping by engineers with knowledge of security, safety and reliability.
TESSERA TECHNOLOGY INC. would like to inform, that the standard quality
assurance procedure(s) have not been fully applied to this product and its
documentation and that TESSERA TECHNOLOGY INC. cannot assure the full
and error free function and/or the standard quality level.
[CAUTION]
This equipment should be handled like a CMOS semiconductor device. The user
must take all precautions to avoid build-up of static electricity while working with
this equipment. All test and measurement tool including the workbench must be
grounded. The user/operator must be grounded using the wrist strap. The
connectors and/or device pins should not be touched with bare hands.
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Contents
1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... 8
2 PREPARATIONS........................................................................................ 10
2.1 Development Tools, Sample Programs, and the MAC Library.................................. 11
2.1.1 Integrated Development Environment PM + V6.31.......................................................... 11
2.1.2 Device file DF781188 V3.00............................................................................................. 11
2.1.3 C Compiler CC78K0R W2.12 : Code size limited version................................................ 11
2.1.4 Assembler RA78K0R W1.33 : Code size limited version................................................. 11
2.1.5 78K0R integrated debugger ID78K0R-QB V3.60............................................................. 11
2.1.6 78K0R Starter Kit Setting.................................................................................................. 11
2.1.7 Starter kit USB driver ........................................................................................................ 12
2.1.8 The RF Test Program....................................................................................................... 12
2.1.9 IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Library.............................................................................................. 12
2.1.10 The MAC Sample Program1 : Text Chat Program......................................................... 12
2.1.11 The MAC Sample Program2 : LED Control.................................................................... 13
2.2 Installation of Software Development Tools............................................................... 14
2.2.1 Start-up of the installation CD-ROM ................................................................................. 14
2.2.2 Installation of the software development tools..................................................................14
2.2.3 Uninstall ............................................................................................................................ 21
2.2.4 File Configuration in PC.................................................................................................... 22
2.3 USB Driver .................................................................................................................... 23
2.3.1 Install to Windows XP....................................................................................................... 24
2.3.2 Install to Windows2000..................................................................................................... 27
2.3.3 Confirmation of the installation ......................................................................................... 31
2.4 Sample Environment.................................................................................................... 32
2.4.1 Installation of the sample programs.................................................................................. 33
2.4.2 File Configuration of the sample program ........................................................................36
3 EXPERIENCES........................................................................................... 37
3.1 Starting PM + ................................................................................................................ 39
3.2 Introduction to PM +..................................................................................................... 40
3.3 Loading Workspace (Project)...................................................................................... 42
3.4 Configuration of Linker Option.................................................................................... 44
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3.4.1 "Output1" Tab ................................................................................................................... 44
3.4.2 "Output2" Tab ................................................................................................................... 46
3.5 Configuration of Compiler Option............................................................................... 47
3.5.1 "Extend" Tab..................................................................................................................... 47
3.5.2 "Startup Routine" Tab ....................................................................................................... 48
3.6 Configuration of Debugger setting ............................................................................. 49
3.7 TK board setting........................................................................................................... 51
3.8 Creating execution format........................................................................................... 52
3.9 Starting integrated debugger (ID78K0R-QB).............................................................. 54
3.10 Introduction of the integrated debugger(ID78K0R-QB) ............................................ 59
3.11 Executing a program.................................................................................................... 60
3.12 Stop a program............................................................................................................. 61
3.13 Terminating integrated debugger (ID78K0R-QB)....................................................... 62
3.14 The RF Test Program ................................................................................................... 63
3.14.1 Procedure for one to one transmit/receive test ..............................................................63
3.14.2 PER test / receiver.......................................................................................................... 75
3.14.3 Continuous TX / Pseudo Noise ......................................................................................75
3.14.4 Continuous TX / Raw carrier ..........................................................................................75
3.14.5 RX Mode......................................................................................................................... 75
3.14.6 IDLE MODE .................................................................................................................... 75
3.14.7 Standby MODE............................................................................................................... 75
3.14.8 Deep Sleep mode........................................................................................................... 76
3.14.9 Power down mode.......................................................................................................... 76
3.14.10 Set RF channel ............................................................................................................. 76
3.14.11 Manually set UZ2400 register....................................................................................... 76
3.14.12 Resetting RF................................................................................................................. 76
3.15 Terminating PM +.......................................................................................................... 77
4 HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS................................................................ 78
4.1 Layout of hardware functions...................................................................................... 79
4.2 Hardware Functions..................................................................................................... 80
4.2.1 SW1 ..................................................................................................................................80
4.2.2 SW2 ..................................................................................................................................82
4.2.3 SW3,SW4 ......................................................................................................................... 83
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4.2.4 SW5 ..................................................................................................................................83
4.2.5 JP1.................................................................................................................................... 84
4.2.6 LED1................................................................................................................................. 84
4.2.7 LED2, LED3 and LED4..................................................................................................... 84
4.2.8 FP1 ...................................................................................................................................85
4.2.9 CON2 .................................................................................................................................. 85
4.2.10 U1 .....................................................................................................................................85
4.3 Universal Area .............................................................................................................. 85
4.4 Solder-short pad........................................................................................................... 85
4.5 Power supply................................................................................................................ 86
5 THE IEEE 802.15.4 MAC SAMPLE PROGRAM........................................ 87
5.1 The MAC Sample program 1 :TextChat....................................................................... 88
5.1.1 Programming to the TK boards ........................................................................................ 89
5.1.2 Setting up the board to your PC ....................................................................................... 90
5.1.3 Designation of a coordinator............................................................................................. 92
5.1.4 Network Association .........................................................................................................92
5.1.5 Text Chat ..........................................................................................................................93
5.2 The MAC Sample Program2 : LED Control................................................................. 95
5.2.1 Programming to the TK boards ........................................................................................ 96
5.2.2 Starting up a coordinator ..................................................................................................96
5.2.3 Starting up end devices ....................................................................................................98
5.2.4 Operation ........................................................................................................................ 100
6 TROUBLESHOOTING.............................................................................. 101
6.1 If you cannot find USB driver when you connect PC to the kit............................... 101
6.2 Error when you start the debugger........................................................................... 101
6.2.1 "Can not communicate with Emulator..." (F0100 or A0109)........................................... 102
6.2.2 "Incorrect ID Code." (Ff603) ...........................................................................................102
6.2.3 "The on-chip debug function had been disabled in the device." (F0c79)....................... 102
6.2.4 "Disabling the on-chip debug function is prohibited." (F0c33)........................................ 103
7 OTHER INFORMATION ........................................................................... 104
7.1 Create a new workspace............................................................................................ 105
7.2 Registration of new source files................................................................................ 110
7.3 Debugger tips ............................................................................................................. 112
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7.3.1 Change display of buttons .............................................................................................. 112
7.3.2 Display source list and function list................................................................................. 112
7.3.3 Set/delete breakpoints.................................................................................................... 113
7.3.4 Display global variables.................................................................................................. 114
7.3.5 Display global variables while programs are running ..................................................... 115
7.3.6 Display local variables ....................................................................................................116
7.3.7 Display memory and SFR contents ................................................................................ 116
7.4 Erase of flash memory............................................................................................... 117
7.5 BOM List & Circuit diagram....................................................................................... 119
8 MODE SETTING OF THE BOARD........................................................... 125
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1 Introduction
Target Reader Software development engineers who wish to become
familiar with the development environment of the 78K0R
microcontrollers. It is assumed that the readers have been
familiar with basics of microcontrollers, C and assembler
languages, and the WindowsTM operating system.
Purpose For readers to become familiar with the design environment
and the application examples of wireless networks.
Overview This manual consists of the following contents
Chapter 1 Introductions
→Overview of this manual
Chapter 2 Preparations
→Introduction of soft tools, and sample programs and installation
Chapter 3 Experiences
→ Guide to the basic operations of PM + and the integrated
debugger using sample programs.
Chapter 4 Hardware Specifications
→Explain the hardware of TK-78K0R/KG3+UD
Chapter 5 IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Sample Programs
→ Learn sample programs, which utilize the MAC library
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting
→Describe how to solve troubles you may face, such as errors when
starting the integrated debugger (ID78K0R-QB)
Chapter 7 Other Information
→Introduce other information, such as how to create a new
workspace (project) on integrated development environment (PM+),
how to register additional source file, and some useful tips of the
integrated debugger.
The circuit diagrams of demonstration kit are included in this
chapter.
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Chapter 8 Mode Setting of the Board
→ Explanation of switch setting.
Trademark Microsoft and Windows are either registered trademarks or
trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or
other countries.
Adobe and Acrobat are trademarks of Adobe Systems
Incorporated (Adobe System Incorporated).
Other company names and product names that appear in this
document are the registered trademarks or trademarks of their
respective companies.
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2 Preparations
This chapter introduces the development environment and describes how to
install the sample programs. The sample program can be tested on this
hardware platform of the evaluation kit.
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2.1 Development Tools, Sample Programs, and the MAC Library
This section outlines the development tools, sample programs and the MAC
library used in this tutorial.
2.1.1 Integrated Development Environment PM + V6.31 This is a project manager, where you work for editing the source code,
compiling it, and initiating the debugger. The project manager works on MS
Windows 2000 or XP.
2.1.2 Device file DF781188 V3.00 A device file contains an MCU specific information. It instructs the
development tools what kind of an MCU the tools shall work for.
2.1.3 C Compiler CC78K0R W2.12 : Code size limited version This is a free compiler for the 78K0R microcontrollers. The object code size
is limited to 64 Kbytes. It works on MS Windows 2000 or XP.
2.1.4 Assembler RA78K0R W1.33 : Code size limited version This is a free assembler for the 78K0R microcontrollers. The object code
size is limited to 64 Kbytes. It works on MS Windows 2000 or XP. The
RA78K0R Assembler Package contains Structured Assembler
Preprocessor, Assembler, Linker, Object Converter, Librarian, and List
Converter.
2.1.5 78K0R integrated debugger ID78K0R-QB V3.60 The Integrated Debugger ID78K0R-QB offers a debug environment on
your PC, where the MS Windows 2000 or XP runs, if the TK board is
connected to the PC with USB. The USB I/F accesses to the OCD, On
Chip Debug, interface on the microcontroller.
2.1.6 78K0R Starter Kit Setting If you forget about the security ID or if you set “Does not erases data of
flash memory in case of failures in enabling on-chip debugging”, you can
erase the flash memory by using this starter kit.
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2.1.7 Starter kit USB driver This is a software driver for PC to access to the USB interface of the TK-78K0R/KG3+UD board.
2.1.8 The RF Test Program The RF Test Program is used in [chapter 3 Experiences].
The RF Test Program is provided in the form of the C source codes.
If you wish to tailor the RF Test Program to meet your specific needs, you
can edit the source code, re-compile it with debug build to generate a load
module file, then, start the debugger to load the tailored execution code on
to the microcontroller for further debugging on the project manager PM +.
Alternatively, if debugging is not required, you can make a release build to
achieve a new hex file, on the project manager PM +.
As a general remark, please respect your local regulation of
electro-magnetic emission. In general, it is suggested to use the
TK-78K0R/KG3+UD board in a radio anechoic chamber.
2.1.9 IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Library The IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Library offers an executable object-code library of the MAC stack specified in the IEEE 802.15.4. Please refer to the MAC Library manual for further details.
2.1.10 The MAC Sample Program1 : Text Chat Program The MAC Sample program 1 is developed to provide with a simple example to construct a star network utilizing the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC standard.
The MAC Sample Program 1 offers,
1). Designation of a network coordinator in a star configuration
2). Text chat between a coordinator and an end device
To use the MAC Sample Program 1, you need to prepare at least two PC
with a USB interface and two TK-78K0R/KG3+UD boards.
The MAC Sample Program 1 is provided in the form of the C source
codes.
If you wish to tailor the sample program to meet your specific needs, you
can edit the source code, re-compile it with debug build to generate a load
module file, then, start the debugger to load the tailored execution code on
to the microcontroller for further debugging on the project manager PM +.
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However, because the USB connection to instruct operation to the program
is occupied for the debugging purpose,
alternatively, you can make a release build to achieve a new hex file, on
the project manager PM +.
As a general remark, please respect your local regulation of
electro-magnetic emission. In general, it is suggested to use the
TK-78K0R/KG3+UD board in a radio anechoic chamber.
2.1.11 The MAC Sample Program2 : LED Control The MAC Sample program 2 is developed to provide with another simple example to construct a star network utilizing the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC standard.
The MAC Sample Program 2 offers,
1). Designation of a network coordinator in a star configuration
2). LEDs on the coordinator board indicate which switch on which end
device is pressed.
To use the MAC Sample Program 2, you need to prepare one PC with a
USB interface and two TK-78K0R/KG3+UD boards or more boards, up to
5.
The MAC Sample Program 2 is provided in the form of the C source codes.
If you wish to tailor the sample program to meet your specific needs, you
can edit the source code, re-compile it with debug build to generate a load
module file, then, start the debugger to load the tailored execution code on
to the microcontroller for further debugging on the project manager PM +.
However, because the USB connection is occupied for the debugging
interface, the USB connection is not available for applications. Alternatively,
you may make a release build to achieve a new hex file, on the project
manager PM +.
As a general remark, please respect your local regulation of
electro-magnetic emission. In general, it is suggested to use the
TK-78K0R/KG3+UD board in a radio anechoic chamber.
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2.2 Installation of Software Development Tools
2.2.1 Start-up of the installation CD-ROM
The attached CD-ROM contains Development Tools, documents and sample
soft ware.
You can install it using an installer.
2.2.2 Installation of the software development tools.
Please insert the CD-ROM in the drive. The installer will show up automatically.
If it does not start automatically, please initiate it by double clicking the
SETUP.EXE.
<1> Readme First
The contents of the CD-ROM, and some notes are available.
Please read it at first.
<2> Install…
Click “Install” to start installation of development tools.
For details, please refer to the next section.
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<3> Documents
Manuals of development tools and the evaluation kit are available in PDF
files.
When this button is clicked, the WWW browser will start. Adobe® Acrobat®
Reader is available in the CD-ROM.
<4> Sample Program
Click this button to start the WWW browser for the sample program and the
tutorial.
<5> Link to NEC Electronics Microcontrollers
Click this button to start the WWW browser display the link to the NEC
Electronics Microcontroller web site
(http://www.necel.com/micro/index_e.html)
The NEC Electronics Microcontroller web page provides with the latest
product/tool information and FAQs.
<6> Exit
Terminate the setup.
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① Select products that you need to install.
(as default, all the products that you need to use the demostration kit
are selected.)
"Explain" area displays an explanation of the selected product.
To change the installation destination, click Browse… .
When all the settings are completed, click Install… .
* In this document, it is assumed that users install the programs under "NEC
Electronics Tools" directory (default installation directory). Users can find the
tools by selecting “Start Menu” -> "Programs" -> "NEC Electronics Tools".
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② Click OK when "Install" comfirmation dialog box is opened.
③ Read "software license agreement" and click Yes for continuing the
installation.To stop the installation, click No .
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④ Enter the product ID, and click Next .
* The product ID is available on the “README.html” the other sheet.
⑤ It starts copying the files.
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⑥ Click Next when "Select Files" installation wizard dialog opened.
⑦ When the installation is completed, the following dialog opens.
Click OK .
⑧ "NEC Electronics Starter Kit Virtual UART" USB driver must be installed on
PC before you connect to TK-78K0R/KG3+UD. Install the USB driver by
referring "2.3USB Driver".
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Notes on the installation authority
To install this tool in Windows 2000 or XP, the authority of a administrator is
necessary. Therefore, please login as an administrator.
Notes on the install-directory
Please do not use 2-byte characters, such as umlaut in the directory name,
where the product is to be installed.
Note on the version of Windows
If the language of the Windows is not English, a file transfer error during
installation might be observed. In this case, please abort the installation in
the language, and re-install it in an English version of Windows.
The identical problem may be observed, if a language other than English is specified as the system language in the “Regional Settings Properties” tab.
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2.2.3 Uninstall
<1> Start "Add /Remove Programs" in the Control Panel.
(Example here is based on Windows2000)
<2> Select the tool that you want to uninstall from the list displayed in
"Install/Uninstall" and click [Add/Remove...].
<3> A dialog box for confirming deletion of files will be displayed. Click
Yes . Deleting of the files will be started.
<4> When the completion message is displayed, click OK .
Caution:
Deletion of some files may be asked during uninstallation. Normally,
deletion of these files causes no problem.
<5> This completes uninstalling this tool.
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2.2.4 File Configuration in PC
Software Development Tools are installed in "C:¥Program Files¥NEC Electronics
Tools" on default setting.
When you use the tools, please open the tools from [Start menu] ->
[Programs]->[NEC Electronics Tools].
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8
2.3 USB Driver
You need to install “NEC Electronics Starter Kit Virtual UART” in your PC.
When TK-78K0R is used, it is necessary to install the “NEC Electronics Starter Kit Virtual
UART” driver in the host machine. Please install the driver according to the following
procedures with appending CD in the drive.
"Starter Kit USB Driver" must be installed on the PC. If not, please refer to "2.2 Installation of
Software Development Tools" to install the “Starter Kit USB Driver” first.
Attention Do not use a USB hub for connecting TK-78K0R/KG3+UD.
Depending on the version of Windows OS, the installation will be differed.
Please check your Windows version, and follow the instructions
- Windows XP -> "
- Windows 2000 -> "
After the installation, go to "
2.3.1Install to Windows XP"
2.3.2Install to Windows2000"
2.3.3Confirmation of the installation"
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2.3.1 Install to Windows XP
１． Once the TK-78K0R/KG3+UD is connected with USB, the "Found New Hardware
Wizard" will be started. Select "No, not this time" and click Next > .
Select "No, not this time"
Click "Next"
２． Select "Install from a list or specific location" and click Next > .
Select "Install from a list or specific
location"
Click "Next"
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３． Select "Search for the best driver in these locations.” , check "Include this location in
the search:", and then click "Browse..." to select the driver directory path. The path
should be "C:¥Program Files¥NEC Electronics Tools¥TK-driver" as default installation.
If the installation directory is not default, then select "TK-driver" under the installation
directory.
Click Next > .
Select the driver directory
Click "Next"
４． If the following dialog is opened, click Continue Anyway .
Click "Continue Anyway"
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５． The installation of "NEC Electronics Starter Kit Virtual UART" driver is completed.
Click Finish .
Click "Finish"
６． Go to "1.3.3 Completion of the installation".
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2.3.2 Install to Windows2000
１． Once the TK-78K0R/KG3+UD is connected with USB, the "Found New Hardware Wizard"
will be started.
Select "No, not this time" and click Next > .
Click
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２． Select "Search for a suitable driver for my device".
Click Next > .
Select "Search for a suitable driver for my
device"
Click "Next"
３． Select "Specify a location".
Click Next > .
Select "Specify a location"
Click "Next"
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４． Select the driver directory path. The path should be "C:¥Program Files¥NEC
Electronics Tools¥TK-driver" as default installation.
If the installation directory is not default, then select "TK-driver" under the installation
directory.
Click OK .
Select the driver directory
Click "OK"
５． Click Next > .
Click "Next"
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６． The installation of "NEC Electronics Starter Kit Virtual UART" driver is completed.
Click Finish .
Click
７． Go to "1.3.3 Confirmation of the installation".
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2.3.3 Confirmation of the installation
Please confirm “NEC Electronics Starter Kit Virtual UART(COMx)” in the device
manager of system in the control panel of the MS Windows.
Device Manager
It is confirmed that “NEC
Electronics Starter Kit Virtual
UART(COMx)” exists.
The screen above shows that the COM port number is "COM8". If ID78K0R-QB is
not in use, you can use this port number for connecting TK-78K0R/KG3+UD.
When you change the USB port connection, the COM port number will be
changed as well.
CAUTION
・Do not do “Hardware Modification Scan” when you communicate with the target device.
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2.4 Sample Environment
This section explains the overview and preparation of sample programs.
You need to install the sample programs on your system first before using them.
How to install the sample programs and where they should be intalled on your
system will be explained.
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2.4.1 Installation of the sample programs
Insert the CD-ROM disk in the CD-ROM drive of your PC. The [NEC Electronics
Microprocessor Development Tools Setup] screen automatically appears.(if this screen does
not appear automatically, start setup.exe from Explorer. etc.)
Press the Sample Program button to start the WWW browser, and then click the
[TK-78K0R/KG3+UD Sample Programs] link.
The WWW browser
starts up.
Click the [TK-78K0R/KG3+UD
Sample programs] link you can also
download the [User's Manual]
When[TK-78K0R/KG3+UD Sample Programs] is clicked, the following
download confimation window appears.
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Please click the Open button.
In case of windows 2000,
you will see the [Security Warning] window. Please click Run .
InstallShield wizard for TK-Sample Program starts up
Please click Next.
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License agreement screen is displayed.
Please select "I accept the terms in the license agreement".and click Next.
Please click Finish.
The sample programs are installded under "C:¥" now.
The sample program "TK78K0R.EXE" with self-extract file is also intalled. When
you need to use the original sample programs, you can extract the file
"C:¥TK78K0R.EXE".
When you uninstall the sample program.
Please use "Add /Remove Programs" in the Control Panel.
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2.4.2 File Configuration of the sample program
The sample programs ware the following folders.
TK78K0R
SAMPLE_KG3+UD
TK78K0RUD_RF_Test The sample program used in chapter 3.
The packet error rate and received signal
strength indication are monitored.
TK78K0RKG3UD_Sample1 This sample program uses MAC library.
The text message is transmitted and it receives it.
TK78K0RKG3UD_Sample2This sample program uses MAC library.
Switch information is transmitted, it receives,
and LED is blinked..
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3 Experiences
Now you are ready to experience the operation of the TK-78K0R/KG3+UD using
the integrated development environment, PM +.
As a program for the 78K0R/KG3, the RF test program (RF_Test) which you
installed in "2.4.1Installation of the sample programs" is used.
You use two of 78K0R/KG3. One is the stand-alone system with USB power
supply. Another is connected to the debugger and run user programs. By building
the sample programs and operating with ID78K0R-QB, you can understand the
basic operation of the development tools (PM+, ID78K0R-QB) and the basics of
the project files that you need when you develop application programs.
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The overall flow is as follows.
Starting PM +
Loading workspace (project)
Reviewing Linker, Compiler option, Debug setting
TK board setting
Creating execution format
Operation
Starting integrated debugger (ID78K0R-QB)
Executing program
Stopping program
Terminating integrated debugger (ID78K0R-QB)
Terminating PM +
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3.1 Starting PM +
In the Windows Start menu, select [Programs]->[NEC Electronics Tools]->[PM +
V6.31]
PM + start up
- 39 -
3.2 Introduction to PM +
In PM +, application programs and environment setting are handled as a single Project, and series of actions
such as program creation using the editor, source management, build, and debugging are managed.
Also, one of more project files is managed together as a workspace.
Menu bar
Tool bar
Project window
Output window
Project window A window in which project names, source files, and include file are displayed using a
tree structure.
Output window A window in which the build execution status is displayed.
For details regarding menu bars and tool bars, refer to the PM + User’s Manual.
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What is a project?
A project is the unit in which PM + executes management, and refers to an application system
and environment development based on PM +.
PM + complies project information and saves it in a “project file”, from which it is then referenced.
What is a project file?
A project file is a file to which information such as the source file to be used in the project, the
device name, the tool options for complying, and the editor and debugger to be used have been
saved as “project information”.
The file name format is “ΔΔΔΔprj”.
Project files are created in folders that are set when creating new workspaces.
What is a project group?
A project group is a group comprised of a number of projects in an application system.
The target devices of each project that can be registered to one project group must be the
same.
What is a workspace?
A workspace is the unit used to manage all the projects or project group required for one
application system.
The file name of multiple project files is saved to a workspace file for referencing.
The file name format is “ΔΔΔΔprw”.
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3.3 Loading Workspace (Project)
In this section, you will use the workspace that you created in "2.4.1Installation of the sample
programs
For creating a new workspace, refer to "
The workspace has information about the build environment for the sample programs.
Select "File" on menu bar and "Open Workspace…
Then, select
“C:¥TK78K0R¥SAMPLE_KG3+UD¥TK78K0RUD_RF_Test¥RF_Test.prw” .
"
7.1Create a new workspace".
".
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Open the folder in which the
sample program is located.
“RF_Test.prw”and then press the Open button.
Workspace file name :RF_Test.prw
The “RF_Test.prw” workspace
file is read
Project group
Project
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3.4 Configuration of Linker Option
The linker options have been set by the project file. However, some option settings will be
covered in this section because the linker option settings are important for debugging.
Following three settings are covered specifically.
- Outputs from debugging
- On-chip debug (bytes, security ID)
- Watchdog timer
Select "Tools" on menu bar, then "Linker options".
3.4.1 "Output1" Tab
Select "Output1" tab on "Linker Options" window, and see following settings.
- 44 -
- Load Module File settings
Check "Output Symbol Information".
This enables to do source level debugging (setting break points, monitoring variables in
watch window, etc).
Also, you can specify the load module file name.
- On-Chip Debug Option Byte
Check "On-Chip Debug Option Byte". Enter "85" in "Control value". This setting enables
the on-chip debugging function of the microcontroller.
*For details of "Control value", refer to the user's manual of 78K0R/KG3 (U17894E).
See "Start address" is set to "7FC00", and "Size" is set to "1024".
These settings reserve the memory address area for the monitor program (the flash
memory area that the debugger uses for on-chip debugging).
In this case, the "Control value" is allocated to the address of C3H in flash memory, and
FFH is set to the next address. Because of this, the following areas could not be set the
segments.
<Address area that reserved by on-chip debugging>
- 2H, 3H
- CEH-D7H
- From the address set in "Start address" to the byte set in "Size"
- Security ID
Check "Security ID", and enter the security ID which is a unique ID code (10 bytes) to
authenticate when the debugger is launched.
The security ID is stored in the flash memory (C4H-CDH), and checked if it is the same
as the code entered in Linker options dialog when the debugger is launched.
The debugger will not be launched when the security ID is unmatched. By using this
function, you can secure the programs from leaks.
If you do not need to set the security, it is recommended to set the security ID
"FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF" as this is the initial code.
If you forget about the security ID (stored in the address of C4H-CDH) or if you set wrong
on-chip debug option byte, you will not be able to use the debugger (ID78K0R-QB).
To solve this, you can use the "78K0R Starter Kit Setting" for changing the setting to initialize
the flash memory at the time debugger launched.
For details, refer to "
7.4Erase of flash memory".
- 45 -
3.4.2 "Output2" Tab
Select "Output2" tab on "Linker Options" window, and see following settings.
- User Option Byte
Check "User Option Byte", and then enter "00FFFF". Here, you can do the
setting of watchdog timer, low-voltage detector, and system reserved
memory area. The 3 bytes you entered are stored at C0H-C2H on flash
memory:
- C0H: setting for watchdog timer
- C1H: setting for low-voltage detector
- C2H: setting for system reserved memory area (must be set as FFH)
This time, you disabled the watchdog timer and the default start function of
low-voltage detector.
For details, refer to the user's manual, 78K0R/KG3 (U17894).
- 46 -
3.5 Configuration of Compiler Option
The compiler options have been set by project file. However, because some compiler options
are useful, following two settings are covered specifically in this section.
- Enable C++ comments
- Use multiplier and divider
Select "Tools" on menu bar, then "Compiler options".
3.5.1 "Extend" Tab
Select "Extend" tab, and check "Enable C++ Comment".
This setting allow you to use the C++ comment using "//".
It is useful feature when developing code.
- 47 -
3.5.2 "Startup Routine" Tab
Select "Startup Routine" tab, and check "Using Library" and "Using
Multiplier/Divider". The 78K0R/KG3 has feature of multiplier/divider to increase
those calculation speed.
- 48 -
3.6 Configuration of Debugger setting
Please Choose [Tool] -> [Debugger Setting] at the pull-down menu.
- 49 -
Check if "ID78K0R-QB V3.60 78K0R Integrated Debugger" is selected on "Debugger".
- 50 -
3.7 TK board setting
Please set the switches on the TK-78K0R/KG3+UD board as follows.
After the switch settings are completed, connect the PC to USB1 on
TK-78K0R/KG3+UD with USB cable.If the "Found New Hardware Wizard" is
started, install USB driver with referring "2.3USB Driver".
JP1 1-2 short (USB side)
Bit1 ON
Bit2 ON
Bit3 ON
Bit4 OFF
SW1
Bit5 OFF
Bit6 OFF
Bit7 OFF
Bit8 OFF
SW1
JP1
- 51 -
3.8 Creating execution format
Please go back to PM +.
Please re-compile the project by clicking the
button at the menu bar.
Build process is
executed
Build has been completed successfully.
- 52 -
What is build ?
Build is a function that creates an executable file, etc., from a source file registered to a project.
PM + automatically performs compiling, linking, and other processing actions.
On the second and subsequent build, PM + also automatically delects files that have been updated
from the previous build processing, and complies and assembles only the relevant files, thereby reading
the time required for build processing.
What is rebuild ?
Build compiles and assembles only the source files that have been updated since the previous
time, whereas rebuild compiles and assembles all the source files.
When setting, such as compiler options, have been changed, not build, but rebuild, must be
Selected.
- 53 -
3.9 Starting integrated debugger (ID78K0R-QB)
Please select the Debug button
[Debug(D)].
→
，
If the debug button is not displayed, in the menu, select [Tool]→[Debugger
Setting...]“ID78K0R-QB V3.60 78K0R Integrated Debugger”
of PM +, or in the menu, select [Build(B)]
- 54 -
ID78K0R-QB is launched
"Configuration" dialog is opened.
Enter "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF" (F x 20) in "ID Code", then click OK .
Click Yes when the confirmation dialog for downloading load module file is opened.
- 55 -
ID78K0R-QB starts and downloading
play
the program to flash memory.
When the download is
completed, the source
code will be dis
ed
NOTE:
Completion of the download does not mean running the programs. To run the sample
programs, go to "3.11 Executing program".
- 56 -
Normally, if communication with the CPU fails, the following error messages are
output.
If you observe the message please confirm the following items.
1． Please confirm the switch on the board is set as follows.
JP1 1-2 short (USB side)
Bit1 ON
Bit2 ON
Bit3 ON
Bit4 OFF
SW1
Bit5 OFF
Bit6 OFF
Bit7 OFF
Bit8 OFF
２． Please confirm the power LED1 is lighted.
After checking the above items, start ID78K0R-QB again.
- 57 -
If the ID code is wrong, you may find the following messages on the display.
The following "Configuration" screen is displayed when OK is pushed and input a correct ID
code, please.
The default setting of the ID code is ”0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF”. You can set an
alternative ID code on the linker option tab.
If the setting of On-Chip Debug Option Byte is "Does not erase data of flash memory in
case of failures in enabling on-chip debugging" and if you forget the security ID,
you need to erase the flash memory completely.
To erase the flash memory, please refer to the section 7.4, “Erasing the Flash Memory”.
- 58 -
3.10 Introduction of the integrated debugger(ID78K0R-QB)
ID78K0R-QB displays the internal status of the CPU and controls monitor
functions in the main window.
The initial screen of ID78K0R-QB is as follows.
< Main window＞
Menu bar
Tool bar
Window display area
Status bar
For more details, please refer to the user’s manuals of ID78K0R-QB.
- 59 -
3.11 Executing a program
If you click “GO” , the execution of the code will start.
You can know it by the red bar at the bottom.
While a program is running, the status bar will be red.
Execute the program
- 60 -
3.12 Stop a program
Now, you are going to stop the program.
Press the ID78K0R-QB’s stop button
, or in the menu, select [Run]→[Stop].
Stop the program
When the program stops, the status bar changes back to the original color.
- 61 -
3.13 Terminating integrated debugger (ID78K0R-QB)
Select "File" on menu bar, then "Exit".
The Exit confirmation dialog box is
displayed.
If you push the “Yes”, ID78K0R-QB is terminated after preserving a present
environment.
If you push the “No”, ID78K0R-QB is terminated without preserving a present
environment.
- 62 -
3.14 The RF Test Program
3.14.1 Procedure for one to one transmit/receive test
1). Assumption here in this section is, you have two TK-78K0R/KG3+UD
boards, in one of which the execution code for the “RF_TEST” was
programmed by the debugger. You also prepare two PCs or one PC with
more than one usb interface.
one PC with USB interface and hyper-terminal to control the transmitter side
of the board, and the other one with USB interface to the second PC for
debugging at the receiver board.
Transmitter use as Stand alone.
Execute terminal software.
Receiver Debugger use.
Execute ID78K0R-QB.
Short address : 0001 Short address : 0002
2). Now, you designate one TK-78K0R/KG3+UD board loaded with the
execution code in the previous procedure as a transmitter. Another board,
which is not loaded with the execution code is now designated as a receiver,
which send back the test result to the sender. The receiver board can work
without PC, but now, you set this board to the debug mode. Please set the
switches on the receiver board as follows.
- 63 -
JP1 1-2 short (USB side)
SW1
Bit1
Bit2
Bit3
Bit4
Bit5
Bit6
Bit7
Bit8
ON
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
ON for address setting
OFF for address setting
ON for the receive mode
The above example is for the short address of 0002.
There are four ways of the address setting as follows,
Short Address
SW1
Bit6 OFF ON OFF ON
Bit7 OFF OFF ON ON
0001 0002 0003 0004
Please connect the receiver board to your first PC with a USB cable.
Now, please repeat the procedures described in the section “3.9 Starting
integrated debugger”.
You will see the C-source window, as shown below.
- 64 -
Now, please click “GO” to run the program.
You will see the red bar at the bottom.
Now the receiver board is ready.
- 65 -
3). Please set the transmitter board as follows,
JP1 1-2 short (USB side)
SW1
Bit1
Bit2
Bit3
Bit4
Bit5
Bit6
Bit7
Bit8
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF for address setting
OFF for address setting
OFF for the Hyperterminal mode
This example is for the short address of 0001.
This board is designated as the transmitter.
Then, please connect it to your second PC with a USB cable.
Then, please identify the COM port number of the USB in your PC
at [Control Panel] Æ [System]
4). Hyper Terminal
On MS-Windows in your PC, please select [All Programs] -> [Accessory] ->
[Communication] -> [HyperTerminal]
Setting of Hyperterminal
Bits per second 115200
Data bits 8
Parity None
Stop bits 1
Flow control None
(Property -> Setting -> ASCII)
Local Echo OFF
No Line Feed
- 66 -
Now you will find the following opening menu in the window.
If not, please try the RESET button on the board.
- 67 -
5). Execution of the Transmit/Receive Test
To initiate the PER, Packet Error Rate, test, please press “1” in the menu.
You will see [My Profile],
then, be asked for the destination of the PER test, as shown below.
Now, you may input “0002”.
Then, you will be asked how many packets you wish to consume in the PER test.
You may input “1000”.
Then, you will be asked the interval of packets in msec.
You may input 3 msec.
Then, the PER test will be executed.
You will see,
the number of packets sent, that is, 1000 as you input,
the number of the received packets,
the calculated PER in %
and the maximum and minimum RSSI values in the PER test.
[Note]
PER= Packet Error Rate
RSSI= Received Signal Strength Indication
- 68 -
RSSI is expressed in the hexagonal value of 256 levels, which indicates the signal
strength in the received signal. For more details of the RSSI value, please refer to
the datasheet of the UZ2400 RF chip.
Please note the PER and the RSSI are measured at the receiver side.
The receiver does not send back the test packets, but only the test result.
- 69 -
6). Channel setting
In the previous example, you may have also found the RF channel used in this
test is the Channel 11. The channel is specified by the IEEE 802.15.4
specification.
The channel 11 is assigned at 2405 MHz. You can change the channel in the PER
test in 5MHz step to the maximum channel of 26th at 2480 MHz.
To do it, please press “A” in the command prompt. Then, please choose the
channel by [+], [-], [A], [B], or [C]. In the example below, the channel 23th, 2465
MHz, was selected.
- 70 -
To execute the PER test at the channel 23, press [Enter] in your keyboard, then,
choose “1” to initiate the PER test mode. Then, you may input 1000 packet in 5
msec interval to see the following example. Please confirm the channel used is
23th in the display. Please note the receiver will learn which channel is to be used
for the test automatically.
[My Profile]
------------------------------------ MAC : 22:95:78:01:00:00:00:47
Short : 0001
PanID : 2514
------------------------------------Send to (Short addr) ? : 02
Send count (dec) ? : 1000
Interval (dec/msec) ? : 5
[Set channel to 11 (Cmd)]
Prepare to send..OK
[Set channel to 23 (Current)]
Send.. 0
Request to result..OK
[Results]
------------------------------------From : 0001
To : 0002
------------------------------------Sent : 1000
Recieved : 1000
PER : 0.0000%
RSSI : max FF / min FF
-------------------------------------
- 71 -
7). Adjusting the output power
You may wish to control the output power in the PER test.
For it, please select “M” in the menu.
You will be asked the register ID. Please input “274”.
Then you will see, “LREG[203] : 00 >”.
It means the current value at the register [274] is 0xC4h, which means 0 dB.
0xC4h is the reset default.
- 72 -
The register bits are defined as follows,
LREG[274]: [7:6] -> large scale tuning
C4: 0 dB
81: -8 dB
09: -16 dB
01: -24 dB
LREG[203]: [7:3] -> small scale tuning
000000: 0 dB
000001: -0.1dB
|
111111: -8.00 dB
For instance, if you wish -8 dB, please input “81”, as follows,
“LREG[274] : C4 > 81”
Then, you will start the PER test.
- 73 -
You may find larger PER value with smaller RSSI value in this case.
Please note this adjustment is applied only to the transmitter. The receiver always
sends back the test results with the 0 dB output power using the channel 11th.
- 74 -
3.14.2 PER test / receiver
The Menu 2 sets the board to the receiver in the PER test.
If you have two PCs, you can connect two boards to each of two PCs, then,
you will apply this mode to one of them.
In your current case, your receiver board is now being connected to the
debugger. Therefore, you cannot access to these menu to utilize this mode
setting. Alternatively, you have set the receiver board to the receiver mode
by setting the switch 1-8.
3.14.3 Continuous TX / Pseudo Noise
The Menu 3 initiates the modulated RF transmission. The data carried are
pseudo random numbers. You can define the channel using the menu 9,
and the output power using the menu 0.
3.14.4 Continuous TX / Raw carrier
The Menu 4 initiates the carrier transmission. The output power is not 0 dB
as a reset default. You can define the channel using the menu 9.
3.14.5 RX Mode
The Menu 5 initiates the receiver mode.
3.14.6 IDLE MODE
The Menu 6 sets the UZ2400 into the IDLE mode.
3.14.7 Standby MODE
The Menu 8 sets the UZ2400 into the Standby mode.
- 75 -
3.14.8 Deep Sleep mode
The Menu 9 sets the UZ2400 into the Deep Sleep mode.
3.14.9 Power down mode
The Menu 0 sets the UZ2400 into the Power down mode.
3.14.10 Set RF channel
The Menu A allows you to set the RF channel.
3.14.11 Manually set UZ2400 register
The Menu M allows you to set the UZ2400 registers.
Please refer to the datasheet of the UZ2400 RF chip for the definition of
registers.
3.14.12 Resetting RF
The Menu R allows you to reset the UZ2400 registers.
- 76 -
3.15 Terminating PM +
In the PM + menu, select [File]→[Save Workspace].
Then, select [File]→[Close Workspace].
In the PM + menu, select [File]→[Exit PM +].
PM + ends.
- 77 -
4 Hardware Specifications
In this chapter, the hardware of TK-78K0R/KG3+UD will be explained.
Microcontroller
Clock
Interface
Power supply
voltage
Input/output for
operation check
use
Other hardware
* The name with bracket is the name printed on the board.
μPD78F1168 ※78K0R/KG3
External main system clock: 20MHz
Subsystem clock: 32.768KHz
Internal high-speed oscillation : 8MHz
USB (Mini B connector)
RF connector (SMA)
Connector of board in surrounding
(CN1: not mounted)
Connector for battery(9.0V-4.8V)
MINICUBE2 connector
5.0V(Supply from USB)、
9.0V(Supply from a battely,Min.6.5V)
・7LED x3
・Push switch (SW3,SW4)
・Dip switch (SW1)
・Reset switch (SW6)
・Temprature sensor (U1)
・Mode switch(SW1)
・Power LED(LED1)
- 78 -
4.1 Layout of hardware functions
P150～P153
U1
SW2
SW5
LED1
JP1
CN2
LED2～LED4
CON2
RFVDD1
Universal area
FP1
SW3
SW4
SW1
USB1
- 79 -
4.2 Hardware Functions
4.2.1 SW1
Bit1-5 of SW1 is Dip switch for operation mode setting.
Bit6-8 are the Dip switch for general-purpose ports that connected to P80-P82.
● For the use of ID78K0R-QB, use following settings.
SW1
Bit 1
Bit 2 ON
Bit 3 ON
Bit 4 OFF
Bit 5 OFF
※1 ON: The microcontroller stays being reset until ID78K0R-QB is started.
OFF: The microcontroller runs the programs stored in the flash memory as
soon as it gets power supply.
※2 If you use ID78K0R-QB, it uses P40 and P41 for communicating with host
machine. Therefore, you cannot use P40 and P41.
● To run the programs stored in built-in flash memory without using ID78K0R-QB,
use following settings and re-supply USB power.
You can use the On-chip debug function with connecting a MINICUBE2.
SW1
Bit 1 OFF
Bit 2 OFF
Bit 3 OFF
ON/OFF ※1
Bit 4 OFF
Bit 5 OFF
- 80 -
● For use of P13 (TXD3) and P14 (RXD3) connecting to μPD78F0730 as
general-purpose ports without using ID78K0R-QB, set SW1 as follows and
re-connect the USB to re-supply power.
You can use the On-chip debug function with connecting a MINICUBE2.
SW1
Bit 1 OFF
Bit 2 OFF
Bit 3 OFF
Bit 4 ON
Bit 5 ON
● Bit6-8 are connected to following CPU pins
It becomes “Low” if the switch is pushed, and it becomes “Open” if it separates.
Please turn on pull-up resistor (PU8) with built-in CPU when using it.
SW1
Bit 6 P80
Bit 7 P81
Bit 8 P82
- 81 -
4.2.2 SW2
SW2 is a 4 directional switch with center push. If it is directed or pushed, the input
is set to GND. Otherwise the circuit is open. Therefore please set the on-chip
pull-up resistors (PU7) during initializing routine of your program code.
(For more detail, please refer to the User’s manual(U17894) of the μPD78F1168
CPU.)
SW2 terminal list ( ALPS SKRHADE010)
SW2
Signal
name
Terminal CPU name at
connection destination
Notes
1 P72 P72/EX18/KR2 UP
2 P73 P73/EX19/KR3 CENTER PUSH
3 P74 P74/EX20/KR4/INTP8 LEFT
4 P75 P75/EX21/KR5/INTP9 RIGHT
5 GND GND
6 P76 P76/EX22/KR6/INTP10 DOWN
UP
LEFT
RIGH
DOW
SW2 Directional switch
- 82 -
4.2.3 SW3,SW4
SW3 and SW4 are tact switches. The port inputs are short-circuited to ground,
while they are being pushed, and kept open otherwise. Therefore please set the
on-chip pull-up resistors(PU7) during initializing routine of your program code.
(For more detail, please refer to the User’s manual(U17894) of the
μPD78F1168CPU.)
SW3 and SW4 terminal list (ALPS SKQMBBE010)
Signal
name
SW3 P70 P70/EX16/KR0
SW4 P71 P71/EX17/KR1
Terminal CPU name at connection
destination
SW4 SW3
Notes
4.2.4 SW5
SW5 is the reset switch. CPU can be reset by pushing.
SW6
- 83 -
4.2.5 JP1
This switches the power supply for CPU.
1-2 short supply power from USB connected to USB1
2-3 short supply power from batteries connected to CN2
4.2.6 LED1
This is the POWER LED. It is lighted when it gets power supply.
4.2.7 LED2, LED3 and LED4
LED2, LED3, and LED4 are available for applications. To make an LED on,
please set the output port LOW.
LED2, LED3 and LED4 Terminal list
Terminal CPU
Signal
name
name at
connection
Notes
destination
LED2 P62 P62
LED3 P61 P61/SDA0
LED4 P60 P60/SCL0
LED4 LLED3 ED2
- 84 -
4.2.8 FP1
The connector for MINICUBE2.
MINICUBE2 switch setting
M1, T
4.2.9 CON2
Usually the jumper is short-circuited. If you want to measure the current
consumed on the RF boards, you can measure it here.
4.2.10 U1
U1 is a temperature sensor.
The temperature sensor is being connected to the MCU pin of "P27/ANI7".
Therefore you can measure the output of the sensor using the analogue to
digital converter, embedded in the MCU. You can convert the measured output
voltage to a tempareture, referring to the conversion formul, available in the
datasheet of the sensor, SII S-80120CNB. Please download the datasheet of
the sensor from the internet web site of Seiko Instruments.
4.3 Universal Area
The kit has the universal area. Users can use this to develop custom circuit.
4.4 Solder-short pad
With using the solder-short pad to cut the circuit, users can customize the circuit.
The solder-short pad looks like the picture below.
To open, use cutter to cut the dent part. To short, put solder on the pad.
Solder-short pad Solder-short pad
(Open) (Short)
Solder-short pad name
Ｐ150～P153
Before
Shipment
Short
Connection
1MΩ Pull-down
Open when Ｐ150～P153 on CN1 is
used.
- 85 -
4.5 Power supply
There are two choices to supply power to the board, USB or a 006P battery via
CN2. Please refer to 2.5 JP1 for the jumper setting.
Please replace the battery with a new one, if the voltage level goes down to
4.8V.
Below the voltage level of 4.8V, functions of the board are not guaranteed.
The battery voltage can be checked at the port as shown below.
9.0V Battery check
Signal
name
BT_MONI P26/ANI6 33.8% of the battery output is available at
Terminal CPU
name at
connection
destination
Notes
ANI6
For instance,
If the battery level is 9 V,
the level of the BT_MONI = 0.338×9.0 V
= 3.042 V
If the battery level is 6.5 V,
the level of the BT_MONI = 0.338×4.8 V
= 1.622 V
- 86 -
5 The IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Sample Program
Two sample implementations utilizing the MAC stack are offered in this evaluation
kit.
- 87 -
5.1 The MAC Sample program 1 :TextChat
This chapter introduces the usage of MAC application 1
The MAC Sample program 1 is developed to provide with a simple example
to construct a star network utilizing the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC standard.
The MAC Sample Program offers,
1. Designation of a network coordinator in a star configuration
2. Text chat between a coordinator and an end device
To use the MAC Sample Program 1, you need to prepare at least two PC with
a USB interface or one PC with more than one USB interface, and two
TK-78K0R/KG3+UD boards.
The MAC Sample Program 1 is provided in the form of the C source codes.
If you wish to tailor the sample program to meet your specific needs, you can
edit the source code, re-compile it with debug build to generate a load
module file, then, start the debugger to load the tailored execution code on to
the microcontroller for further debugging on the project manager PM +. In this
procedure, the Flash programmer is not required. However, because the
USB connection to instruct operation to the program is occupied for the
debugging purpose, alternatively, you can make a release build to achieve a
new hex file, on the project manager PM +.
As a general remark, please respect your local regulation of electro-magnetic
emission. In general, it is suggested to use the TK-78K0R/KG3+UD board in
a radio anechoic chamber.
It supports text chat for one coordinator and 4 end devices.
- 88 -
5.1.1 Programming to the TK boards
For chatting, please prepare minimum 2, or maximum 5 TK-78K0R/KG3+UD boards.
You need identical numbers of PCs.
Some laptop PCs do not support full functionality of hyperterminal.
This software has been confirmed at
NEC MATE MY25XCZEG
NEC VERSAPRO VY10A/C-4,
and, NEC VERSAPRO VY10F/BH-M
Start PM+, and open the file
"C:¥TK78K0R¥SAMPLE_KG3+UD¥TK78K0RKG3UD_Sample1¥TK78K0RKG3UZ_Sa
mple1.prw".
Select "Tools" on menu bar, then "Compiler options".
Select "Preprocessor" tab on "Compiler Options" window.
To write programs on the first TK-78K0R/KG3+UD, enter
"CPU78K0R,DCDC,MAC_ADDR=0x0001" on "Define Macro". For the second and third
TK-78K0R/KG3+UD, enter "CPU78K0R,DCDC,MAC_ADDR=0x0002" and
"CPU78K0R,DCDC,MAC_ADDR=0x0003". The number "x" of " MAC_ADDR=x" must
be a unique number.
Click re-build button on PM+ or select "Build" -> "Rebuild" on menu bar to rebuild.
Start the debugger from PM+, then write different programs to each TK-78K0R/KG3+UD
(for the information about how to write programs, refer to "3.1 Starting PM+" through "3.9
Starting integrated debugger (ID78K0R-QB)").)
- 89 -
5.1.2 Setting up the board to your PC
Set the TK-78K0R/KG3+UD as shown below.
Connect it to PC with USB cable.
Confirm the power LED on TK-78K0R/KG3+UD is lighted.
JP1 1-2short (USB side)
Bit1 OFF
Bit2 OFF
Bit3 OFF
SW1
Start Hyper Terminal with referring to "
Settings of the Hyper Terminal should be set as follows.
Bits per second 115200
Data bits 8
Parity None
Stop bits 1
Flow control None
Press SW5 (RESET SW) once after Hyper Terminal is started. The sample application starts
after resetting.
In the same way, connect the other TK-78K0R/KG3+UD board to PC, and start Hyper
Terminal. If the PC has more than one USB ports, you can connect to more than one
TK-78K0R/KG3+UD boards, and you can start more than one Hyper Terminals for those
COM ports on each board.
Bit4 ON
Bit5 ON
Bit6 OFF
Bit7 OFF
Bit8 OFF
3.14The RF Test Program".
- 90 -
4). Hyper Terminal
Now you will find the following opening menu in the window.
If not, please try the RESET button on the board.
<< 78K0R+UZ Sample Application: Skyley Networks >>
My MAC extended address
= 123412349ABC0001
Command? >
Then, press Enter,
[Help] ------------------------S: Send Message
M: MLME Associate test
C: Start Coordinator test
--------------------------------
Command? >
Please do the same for your other boards and PCs.
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5.1.3 Designation of a coordinator
Now, you must decide which board is a coordinator.
Go to the PC of the coordinator board, and press C.
Command? >C
> MLME-START.request
> MLME-START.confirm
> Status:00
Command? >
Now the coordinator has started.
5.1.4 Network Association
For other PCs for other boards, please press M.
Command? >M
> MLME-ASSOCIATE.request
> MLME-ASSOCIATE.confirm
> Associated ShortAddr:4321
> Status:00
Command? >
Now, this particular board was associated to the network as an end device
with the short address of 4321. Please repeat this step for your third, fourth,
and possibly fifth board.
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On the coordinator side, you will find the following message, if the
association is successful.
> MLME-ASSOCIATE.indication
> from 123400019ABC0001 associated to 4321
[Help] ------------------------S: Send Message
--------------------------------
Command? >
5.1.5 Text Chat
Now the network is prepared for you to start text chat between an end
device and the coordinator.
At first, you may start with the coordinator.
Press S, then input the short address of an end device, 4321 in this
example,
then, input your text message, up to 102 bytes.
Command? >S
> MCPS-DATA.request
> Send to (short address) ? 4321
> Message ? Hello!
Command? >
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You will find the following message on the end device, 4321.
The sender’s short address is “1975”, and the PAN ID is 2420 in this
example.
Command? >
> MCPS-DATA.indication
> from 1975/2420
Hello!
Now, you can reply from the end device “4321” to the coordinator “1975” by
inputting S, 1975, and your reply text.
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5.2 The MAC Sample Program2 : LED Control
The MAC Sample program 2 is developed to provide with another simple example
to construct a star network utilizing the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC standard.
The MAC Sample Program 2 offers,
1). Designation of a network coordinator in a star configuration
2). If you push a switch on the n th end device, an LED on the coordinator board
blinks on and off n times.
To use the MAC Sample Program 2, you need to prepare one PC with a USB
interface and two TK-78K0R/KG3+UD boards or more boards, up to 5.
The MAC Sample Program 2 is provided in the form of the C source codes with
the MAC library.
If you wish to tailor the sample program to meet your specific experiment, you can
edit the source code, re-compile it with debug build to generate a load module file,
then, start the debugger to load the tailored execution code on to the
microcontroller for further debugging on the project manager PM +. In this
procedure, the Flash programmer is not required. However, because the USB
connection is occupied for the debugging interface, the USB connection is not
available for applications. In this application example, Hyperterminal with USB
connection offers information on the network association. However, the LED
operation can be made without Hyperterminal. Therefore, you can use the USB
connection for debugging for the LED operation. Alternatively, you may make a
release build to achieve a new hex file, on the project manager PM +.
As a general remark, please respect your local regulation of electro-magnetic
emission. In general, it is suggested to use the TK-78K0R/KG3+UD board in a
radio anechoic chamber.
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5.2.1 Programming to the TK boards
Prepare TK-78K0R/KG3+UD boards (2 to maximum of 6 boards).
You also need at least one PC to write programs, however no PC is needed when running the
programs.
One TK-78K0R/KG3+UD board will be "Coordinator". Other 1-5 boards will be "End device".
You use the same project files for both "Coordinator" and "End device".
Start PM+ and open the file
"C:¥TK78K0R¥SAMPLE_KG3+UD¥TK78K0RKG3UD_Sample2¥TK78K0RKG3UZ_Sample2
.prw".
Click the build button
Start the debugger from PM+ and write programs to each TK-78K0R/KG3+UD board.
(for the information about how to write programs, refer to "3.1 Starting PM+" through "3.9
Starting integrated debugger (ID78K0R-QB)")
The address of each board will be set by pressing SW2 when the boards start up (when
power is supplied). Therefore, you use the same programs to all boards.
or select "Build" on menu bar, then "Build" to build.
5.2.2 Starting up a coordinator
By connecting the TK-78K0R/KG3+UD which takes the role of "Coordinator", you can monitor
those programs running (you can monitor the output itself with LED without PC).
When you wish to connect PC, set the TK-78K0R/KG3+UD as follows. Then, connect USB
cable to PC. Confirm the power LED is lighted after connecting the USB cable.
JP1 1-2 short (USB side)
Bit1 OFF
Bit2 OFF
Bit3 OFF
SW1
Bit4 ON
Bit5 ON
Bit6 OFF
Bit7 OFF
Bit8 OFF
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Start Hyper Terminal with referring to "3.14The RF Test Program".
Settings of the Hyper Terminal should be set as follows.
Bits per second 115200
Data bits 8
Parity None
Stop bits 1
Flow control None
6). After you open the window of the HyperTerminal, please push the reset
button on the board. Now you will find the following opening message in
the window.
If not, please reconfirm the COM port number of the USB connection.
Now the coordinator has started up successfully.
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5.2.3 Starting up end devices
Set TK-78K0R/KG3+UD settings as follows when you use PC connected to
TK-78K0R/KG3+UD which takes the role of "End device". Then, connect USB cable to PC.
Confirm the power LED is lighted after connecting the USB cable.
JP1 1-2 short (USB side)
Bit1 OFF
Bit2 OFF
Bit3 OFF
SW1
Bit4 ON
Bit5 ON
Bit6 OFF
Bit7 OFF
Bit8 OFF
When you wish to use TK-78K0R/KG3+UD as itself, set JP1 to BATTERY side (2-3short) and
SW1 to all OFF, then connect battery.
You must set the position of SW2 when you supply power to TK-78K0R/KG3+UD.
The TK-78K0R/KG3+UD board functions of each SW2 position are described as follows.
Position of Joy Stick during
Function Extended Address
start-up
Default
Up
Center
Left
Right
Down
Coordinator 0x1234XXXX9ABC0001
End Device 0x1234XXXX9ABC0002
End Device 0x1234XXXX9ABC0003
End Device 0x1234XXXX9ABC0004
End Device 0x1234XXXX9ABC0005
End Device 0x1234XXXX9ABC0006
※The “XXXX”of Extended Address filled with”MAC_ADDR=0xXXXX” that configured
at “Compiler Options” -> “Defined Macro”.
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If you start-up a board while keeping the Joy Stick up, you will see the
following message on the HyperTerminal.
A short address of “4352” was assigned to the board.
A short address is assigned sequentially, independent from the long
address.
Then, if you start-up the third board while keeping the Joy Stick center, you
will see the following message on the HyperTerminal.
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5.2.4 Operation
The coordinator generates beacon at channel 11 of 2405 MHz.
LED4 on the board is ON.
An end device makes a network association. If successful, LED2 on the
board is ON.
If you push SW3 on an end device, LED4 on the coordinator blinks.
And, if you push SW4 on an end device, LED3 on the coordinator blinks.
The number of times of blink depends on the sequence the end device joined
in the network. For instance, if an end device is the third end device for the
network, the LED will blink three times.
LED on Coordinator SW on End Device
LED2 SW3
LED3 SW4
The following example shows, the SW3 on the fifth end device, “4356”, was
pushed. You will see the LED2 on the coordinator will blink 5 times.
The default PAN ID of this network is “2420”.
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