Tesla Model S 2020 Owner’s Manual

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Page 1

MODEL S

OWNER'S MANUAL

2020.4

North America

Page 2

Overview.............................................................2

Interior Overview.........................................................................2

Exterior Overview.......................................................................3

Touchscreen Overview..............................................................4

Opening and Closing....................................10

Keys and Doors..........................................................................10

Windows....................................................................................... 15

Rear Trunk....................................................................................16

Front Trunk..................................................................................19

Interior Storage and Electronics..........................................21

Sunroof.........................................................................................24

Seating and Safety Restraints..................25

Front and Rear Seats.............................................................. 25

Seat Belts.....................................................................................27

Child Safety Seats....................................................................30

Airbags......................................................................................... 37

Driving...............................................................42

Driver Proﬁles............................................................................ 42

Steering Wheel......................................................................... 44

Mirrors...........................................................................................48

Starting and Powering O....................................................50

Gears............................................................................................. 52

Lights............................................................................................ 54

Instrument Panel.......................................................................58

Wipers and Washers...............................................................64

Braking and Stopping.............................................................66

Traction Control........................................................................70

Park Assist....................................................................................71

Vehicle Hold................................................................................73

Acceleration Modes.................................................................74

Trip Information........................................................................ 76

Getting Maximum Range.......................................................77

Rear View Camera....................................................................79

Dashcam......................................................................................80

Cold Weather Best Practices............................................... 83

Autopilot.......................................................... 85

About Autopilot........................................................................85

Trac-Aware Cruise Control................................................88

Autosteer.....................................................................................95

Autopark.................................................................................... 102

Summon.....................................................................................104

Smart Summon........................................................................107

Lane Assist................................................................................. 110

Collision Avoidance Assist....................................................113

Speed Assist.............................................................................. 116

Using the Touchscreen...............................118

Controls....................................................................................... 118

Climate Controls......................................................................128

Maps and Navigation.............................................................134

Media and Audio.....................................................................140

Phone...........................................................................................143

Air Suspension.........................................................................146

Calendar..................................................................................... 148

Security Settings.....................................................................149

HomeLink® Universal Transceiver...................................... 153

Connecting to Wi-Fi.............................................................. 156

Software Updates................................................................... 157

Mobile App................................................................................ 159

Contents

Charging.........................................................160

Electric Vehicle Components.............................................160

Battery Information................................................................162

Charging Instructions............................................................164

Maintenance................................................... 171

Maintenance Schedule........................................................... 171

Tire Care and Maintenance..................................................173

Cleaning..................................................................................... 180

Wiper Blades and Washer Jets..........................................183

Fluid Reservoirs.......................................................................184

Jacking and Lifting.................................................................187

Parts and Accessories...........................................................188

Speciﬁcations............................................... 189

Identiﬁcation Labels.............................................................. 189

Vehicle Loading.......................................................................190

Dimensions and Weights..................................................... 192

Subsystems...............................................................................194

Wheels and Tires.....................................................................197

Roadside Assistance.................................205

Contacting Tesla Roadside Assistance..........................205

Instructions for Transporters.............................................206

Consumer Information.............................209

Easter Eggs..............................................................................209

About this Owner Information............................................211

Disclaimers.................................................................................213

Reporting Safety Defects.....................................................215

Declarations of Conformity.................................................216

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Interior Overview

Overview

Interior Overview

1. Interior door handles (Opening Doors from the Interior on page 12)

2. Trac-Aware Cruise Control (Trac-Aware Cruise Control on page 88) and Autosteer (Autosteer on page 95)

3. High beams (High Beam Headlights on page 56), Turn signals (Turn Signals on page 57), Wipers and washers (Wipers and Washers on page 64)

4. Steering wheel buttons - left (Using Left Steering Wheel Buttons on page 44)

5. Instrument panel (Instrument Panel on page 58)

6. Steering wheel buttons - right (Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page 45)

7. Gear selector (Shifting Gears on page 52)

8. Touchscreen (Touchscreen Overview on page 4)

9. Glovebox button (Glove Box on page 21)

10. Cabin climate control (Climate Controls on page 128)

11. Power window switches (Opening and Closing on page 15)

12. Exterior mirror adjustment switches (Mirrors on page 48)

13. Seats (Front and Rear Seats on page 25)

14. Steering column adjuster (hidden from view in the above image) (Steering Wheel on page

44)

15. Horn (Horn on page 46)

16. Brakes (Braking and Stopping on page 66)

17. Accelerator pedal (Acceleration Modes on page 74)

18. Hazard warning lights (Hazard Warning Flashers on page 57)

19. Cup holders (Cup Holders on page 23)

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Exterior Overview

1. Exterior lights (Lights on page 54)

2. Door handles (Using Exterior Door Handles on page 12)

3. Sunroof (optional) (Sunroof on page 24)

4. Charge port (Charging Instructions on page 164)

5. Autopilot cameras (About Autopilot on page 85)

6. Exterior mirrors (Mirrors on page 48)

7. Hood/Front trunk (Front Trunk on page 19)

8. Radar sensor (hidden from view in the above image) (About Autopilot on page 85)

9. Wheels and tires (Wheels and Tires on page 197)

10. Rear view camera (Rear View Camera on page 79 and About Autopilot on page 85)

11. Rear trunk/liftgate (Rear Trunk on page 16)

12. Ultrasonic sensors (Park Assist on page 71 and About Autopilot on page 85)

Overview 3

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Touchscreen Overview

The main components of the touchscreen are shown here. The touchscreen is used to control many features that, in traditional cars, are controlled using physical buttons (for example, adjusting the heating and air conditioning, headlights, etc.). You can also use the touchscreen to customize Model S to suit your preferences.

Warning: Always pay attention to road and trac conditions when driving. To minimize driver distraction and ensure the safety of vehicle occupants as well as other road users, avoid using the touchscreen to adjust settings while the vehicle is in motion.

Note: The image below is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicle options, software version and market region, your touchscreen may appear slightly dierent.

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Touchscreen Overview

Overview 5

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Touchscreen Overview

1. This area on the top of the touchscreen displays useful information and provides shortcuts to various features. In addition to the time of day and the current outside temperature, this area displays the following icons:

Touch to lock/unlock all doors and trunks.

Touch to display the charging screen and access charge settings on the touchscreen.

Access information about your Model S. See The Tesla "T" on page 9.

Add, conﬁgure, or quickly switch driver proﬁles (including Valet Mode and Easy Entry). See Driver Proﬁles on page 42.

Displays when a warning notiﬁcation is in eect. Touch to display information about the warning.

Displays when a software update is available (see Software Updates on page 157).

Displays when dashcam is ready to be used (you have inserted a supported ﬂash drive into a front USB port). Touch to operate dashcam (see Dashcam on page

80).

Touch to enable or disable Sentry Mode to actively monitor the vehicle's surroundings (see Sentry Mode on page 149).

Control or program HomeLink devices (if equipped) (see HomeLink Universal

Transceiver on page 153).

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Touchscreen Overview

Connected to a Wi-Fi network.

Connected to cellular network. Touch to connect to Wi-Fi (see Connecting to Wi-Fi on page 156).

Connect to a Bluetooth device (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page 143).

Displays the status of the front passenger airbag (applicable only in regions where the airbag can be disabled, as described in Airbags on page 37).

2. Controls. Touch to control features and customize Model S to suit your preferences (see

Controls on page 118).

3. Media Player (see Media and Audio on page 140).

Overview 7

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Touchscreen Overview

4. Touch the app launcher then choose from the following apps:

Call. See Phone on page 143.

Calendar. See Calendar on page 148.

Camera. Display the area behind Model S. This area also displays automatically whenever you shift into Reverse. See Rear View Camera on page 79.

Energy. See Getting Maximum Range on page 77.

Charging. See Charging Instructions on page 164.

Web. Access the Internet using the web browser).

Entertainment. Browse the full library of games and access video streaming services, all from your vehicle's touchscreen. To launch, Model S must be in Park.

Note: Due to vehicle conﬁguration or market region, Entertainment, Arcade, and/or Theater may not be available on your vehicle.

Toybox. Shortcut to Eater Eggs. See Easter Eggs on page 209.

Note: Swiping up on the app launcher displays the most recently used app (provided an app is not currently being displayed).

Note: Depending on the market region and vehicle options, your vehicle may not be equipped with some features.

5. Climate Controls (see Climate Controls on page 128).

6. Volume Control (see Volume Control on page 140).

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Touchscreen Overview

7. The map displays on the touchscreen at all times (see Maps and Navigation on page 134).

Note: When you touch Controls, choose an app, or expand Media Player, the window displays on top of the map. To close the Controls window, touch Controls again or touch the X in the top corner of the window. To close an app, touch the X in the top corner of the window. To close Media Player, drag it all the way down to the bottom of the touchscreen or touch the icon again.

The Tesla "T"

Touch the Tesla "T" at the top center of the touchscreen to display:

• Vehicle name (see Naming Your Vehicle on page 126).*

• Vehicle conﬁguration.*

• Odometer.*

• Vehicle Identiﬁcation Number (VIN).*

• Version of software currently installed on your Model S.

• Access to release notes associated with the currently-installed software version.*

• Access to this owner's manual.

• One-touch access to call Tesla Customer Support and Roadside Assistance (if available in your market region).

• One-touch access to all discovered Easter Eggs (see Easter Eggs on page 209).

*You can also display this information by touching Controls > Software.

Overview 9

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Keys and Doors

Opening and Closing

Keys and Doors

Keyless Locking and Unlocking

Locking and unlocking Model S is convenient. Although you must be carrying a valid key, there is no need to use it. Model S has sensors around the driver's door that can recognize the presence of a key within a range of approximately three feet (one meter). So, you can keep your key in your pocket or purse and Model S detects it as you approach.

When you walk up to Model S carrying your key, the doors automatically unlock if Passive Entry is on (Controls > Safety & Security > Passive Entry). If a door handle is retracted, press it and it extends. If the Auto-Present Handles setting is turned on (see Using

Exterior Door Handles on page 12), you do

not need to touch the door handle. Instead, door handles extends automatically as you approach Model S. To open the rear trunk, press the switch located under the trunk’s exterior handle.

Note: Model S must detect your key near the driver's door before the doors or rear trunk unlock.

Note: If Passive Entry is o, you must use the key to unlock Model S. See Using the Key on page 10.

Note: You can choose whether you want all doors, or just the driver's door, to unlock when you approach Model S carrying your key (see

Door Unlock Mode on page 12).

When carrying your key with you, you can also open the rear trunk without having to use the key. Simply press the switch located under the trunk’s exterior handle. Driver Door Unlock Mode (see Door Unlock Mode on page 12) must be o and the vehicle must detect the key near the driver's door before opening the rear trunk.

Model S also locks automatically. If you enable Walk Away Door Lock, Model S locks when you walk away carrying your key with you (see

Walk-Away Locking on page 13).

While sitting inside Model S, you can also lock and unlock the vehicle by touching the icon on the touchscreen's status bar or by touching Controls > Quick Controls.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture and options selected at time of purchase, some Model S vehicles are not equipped with the automatic locking and unlocking feature.

Using the Key

To quickly familiarize yourself with the key, think of the key as a miniature version of Model S, with the Tesla badge representing the front. The key has three buttons that feel like softer areas on the surface.

1. Trunk

• Double-click to open the rear trunk.

• If equipped with a powered liftgate, double-click to close the rear trunk. You can also single-click to stop the liftgate when it is moving.

• Hold the button down for one to two seconds to open the charge port door.

2. Lock/Unlock All

• Single-click to lock doors and trunks (all doors and trunks must be closed). Hazard warning lights ﬂash once and door handles retract. If a door or the rear trunk is open, hazard warning lights ﬂash three times and doors do not lock.

• Double-click to unlock. Hazard warning lights ﬂash twice and door handles extend. If a door or the rear trunk is open, hazard warning lights ﬂash three times and doors do not lock.

3. Front trunk

• Double-click to open the front trunk.

You do not need to point the key at Model S, but you must be within operating range (which varies depending on the strength of the key’s battery).

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Keys and Doors

If Model S is unable to detect the key, the touchscreen displays a message indicating that a key is not inside. Place the key where Model S can best detect it, which is below the 12V power socket (see Key Not Inside on page

50).

Radio equipment on a similar frequency can aect the key. If this happens, move the key at least one foot (30 cm) away from other electronic devices (phone, laptop, etc). If the key does not work, you may need to change its battery. If the key’s battery is discharged, you can open Model S by following the unlocking procedure (see Unlocking When the

Key Doesn't Work on page 13).

For increased security, your key fob may require periodical updates. To update your key fob, go to Controls > Service > Update Key Fob and follow the onscreen instructions. Your vehicle must be in Park to update the key fob.

Caution: Remember to bring the key with you when you drive. Although you can drive Model S away from its key, you will be unable to power it back on after it powers o.

Caution: Protect the key from impact, high temperatures, and damage from liquids. Avoid contact with solvents, waxes and abrasive cleaners.

Replacing the Key Battery

The key’s battery lasts for approximately a year with normal use. When the battery is low, a message displays on the instrument panel. Follow these steps to replace it:

Note: Tesla recommends replacing the battery in all keys at the same time.

1. With the key placed button-side down on a soft surface, use a small ﬂat-bladed tool or ﬁngernail to release the bottom cover.

Remove the battery by carefully lifting it away from the front retaining clips.

3. Insert the new battery (type CR2032) with the ‘+’ side facing up.

Note: Tesla recommends using Panasonic CR2032 batteries. These can be purchased through online retailers, local supermarkets, and drug stores.

Note: Wipe the battery clean before ﬁtting and avoid touching the battery's ﬂat surfaces. Finger marks on the ﬂat surfaces of the battery can reduce battery life.

4. Holding the cover at an angle, align the tabs on the widest side of the cover with the corresponding slots on the key, then press the cover ﬁrmly onto the key until it snaps into place.

5. Test that the key works by unlocking and locking your vehicle.

Getting More Keys

If you lose a key or require an additional one, contact Tesla. Model S can recognize up to three keys.

When ordering a new key for Model S, take all available keys with you for reprogramming.

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Keys and Doors

Using Exterior Door Handles

A light press on a door handle extends it, provided Model S detects a valid key nearby and Passive Entry is on (Controls > Safety & Security > Passive Entry).

You can set the door handles to extend automatically whenever you approach the driver’s side carrying the key. On the touchscreen, touch Controls > Vehicle > AutoPresent Handles.

Insert your hand into the handle and pull to open the door.

Door handles retract if you do not use them within one minute after they extend. Just press a handle to extend it again. Door handles also retract a minute after the last door closes, when Model S begins moving, and when you lock Model S.

Note: To preserve battery life, Model S is designed to temporarily disable the AutoPresent Handles feature when:

• The key has been out of range for more than 48 hours.

• The key remains within range for ﬁve minutes after all doors have been closed.

In these cases, extend door handles by touching one of them, or by pressing the unlock button on the key. There is no need to reset the setting. The next time you approach Model S, provided the above conditions do not apply, handles automatically extend.

Whenever a door is open, the Door Open indicator displays on the instrument panel. Also, the image of the Model S on the touchscreen's Controls > Quick Controls window also provides a visual representation of an open door or trunk.

Opening Doors from the Interior

To open a door, pull the interior door handle toward you.

Note: To prevent children from opening rear doors using the interior handles, use the touchscreen, Controls > Vehicle > ChildProtection Lock, to turn on the childprotection locks (see Child-Protection Lock on page 13).

Interior Locking and Unlocking

From inside Model S, you can use the touchscreen to lock or unlock doors and trunks, provided a valid key is inside the vehicle. Touch the lock icon on the touchscreen's status bar.

When you stop Model S and engage the Park gear, you can choose whether you want doors to unlock or remain locked. To do so, touch Controls > Vehicle > Unlock on Park. When enabled, doors automatically unlock when you engage the Park gear.

You can also unlock doors and present handles by pressing the Park button on the end of the gear selector a second time (for example, after pressing it one time to engage the Park gear).

Note: If a door or trunk is still open when you lock Model S, it locks when you close it.

Door Unlock Mode

You can choose to unlock only the driver's door when you approach your vehicle carrying your key or when you shift into Park. To do so, touch Controls > Vehicle > Driver Door Unlock Mode.

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Keys and Doors

Child-Protection Lock

Model S has child-protection locks on the rear doors and liftgate to prevent them from being opened using interior handles. Use the touchscreen to turn child-protection locks on or o. Touch Controls > Vehicle > ChildProtection Lock.

Note: It is recommended that you turn childprotection locks on whenever children are seated in the rear seats.

Drive Away Locking

Model S automatically locks all doors (including the trunks) whenever your driving speed exceeds 5 mph (8 km/h).

Walk-Away Locking

Doors and trunks automatically lock whenever you walk away carrying the key or if the key is otherwise not detected by your vehicle (not present, dead battery, etc.).

To turn this feature on or o, touch Controls > Vehicle > Walk-Away Door Lock.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture and options selected at time of purchase, some Model S vehicles are not equipped with the Walk-Away Locking.

Note: If Model S detects an authenticated key for ﬁve minutes after you exit the vehicle and close all doors, Walk-Away Lock disables and will not lock when you leave with the key. You will need to manually lock your vehicle until after your next drive.

Note: If all doors are closed and you use the key to unlock Model S, walk away locking is temporarily suspended for one minute. If you open a door within this minute, it does not relock until after all the doors are closed and you have walked away with the key.

Note: If your vehicle was unlocked using the mobile app, it automatically locks after a short period of time with all doors closed. If parking in an area without cellular service, such as an indoor parking garage, ensure that you have a functional key fob readily available.

Unlocking When the Key Doesn't Work

If Model S does not unlock when you walk up to it, or when you double-click the unlock button on the top of your key, the key’s battery may be dead. Even if this is the case, you can still use the key to unlock and drive Model S.

Note: Although you can still use your key, you should consider using the mobile app to remotely unlock and start the vehicle. Then, replace your key's battery when convenient.

To unlock Model S (and disable the security alarm) using the key, ﬁrst position the key near the base of the passenger side windshield wiper. Then press the front door handle on the right side of the vehicle. If Model S doesn't unlock, try adjusting the position of the key and try again. The key must be in the correct position for the vehicle to unlock.

Note: The following illustration assumes a left hand drive (LHD) vehicle. On a right hand drive (RHD) vehicle, the locations are mirrored.

To drive Model S after gaining access to the cabin, place the bottom of the key against the center console, immediately below the 12V power outlet, then press and hold the brake pedal to start Model S.

Opening and Closing 13

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Keys and Doors

Note: Unlocking Model S using this method disables walk away locking. You must manually re-enable walk away locking after replacing the key’s battery.

Opening Interior Doors with No Power

If Model S has no electrical power, the front doors open as usual using the interior door handles. To open the rear doors, fold back the edge of the carpet below the rear seats to expose the mechanical release cable. Pull the mechanical release cable toward the center of the vehicle.

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Windows

Opening and Closing

Press down on a switch to lower the associated window. Window switches operate at two levels:

• To lower a window fully, press the switch all the way down and immediately release.

• To lower a window partially, press the switch gently and release when the window is where you want it.

Similarly, pull a switch to raise the associated window:

• To raise a window fully, pull the switch all the way up and immediately release.

• To raise a window partially, pull the switch gently and release when the window is where you want it.

Note: See Cold Weather Best Practices on page 83 for information on preparing windows for cold weather.

Caution: careful not to unintentionally press the window switches, as they may lower the windows on the driver or other doors.

Caution: Closing the door while the window is fully raised (for example, if manually raised) can damage the windows or the vehicle. Ensure the window is slightly lowered before closing the door.

Warning: Before closing a window, it is the driver’s responsibility to ensure that all occupants, especially children, do not have any body parts extended through the window’s opening. Failure to do so can cause serious injury.

When exiting the vehicle, be

Windows

Locking Rear Windows

To prevent passengers from using the rear window switches, press the rear window lock switch. The switch light turns on. To unlock rear windows, press the switch again.

Warning: To ensure safety, it is recommended that you lock the rear window switches whenever children are seated in the rear seats.

Warning: Never leave children unattended in Model S.

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Rear Trunk

Opening

To open the rear trunk, ensure the vehicle is in Park then do one of the following:

• Touch the associated OPEN button on the touchscreen (Controls > Quick Controls).

• Double-click the rear trunk button on the key.

• Touch the trunk button on the mobile app.

• With Model S unlocked, press the switch located under the rear trunk's exterior handle.

Note: If Passive Entry is o, you must use the key to unlock Model S before you can use the switch to manually open the rear trunk. See

Using the Key on page 10.

When a door or trunk/liftgate is open, the instrument panel displays the Door Open indicator light. The image of your Model S on the touchscreen also displays the open trunk.

To stop a powered liftgate while it is moving, single-click the rear trunk button on the key fob. Then, when you double-click the rear trunk button, it moves again, but in the opposite direction (provided it was not almost entirely open or closed when you stopped it). For example, if you single-click to stop the liftgate while it is opening, when you doubleclick, it closes.

Note: In emergency situations, you can override an Open or Close command by grabbing hold of the lift gate to stop it in place.

To open the rear trunk from inside Model S in the unlikely situation that Model S has no power, see Interior Emergency Trunk Release on page 17.

Warning: liftgate, it is important to check that the

16 Model S Owner's Manual

Before opening or closing the

area around the liftgate is free of obstacles (people and objects). Although the powered liftgate can detect obstacles, it cannot detect all objects at all times. Do not rely on the liftgate to sense an obstruction when opening or closing. You must proactively monitor the liftgate to ensure that it does not come into contact with a person or object. Failure to do so may result in damage or serious injury.

Load Limits

Secure all cargo before moving Model S, and place heavy cargo in the lower trunk compartment.

Caution: To avoid damage, never load more than 175 lbs (80 kg) on the rear load ﬂoor (above the lower trunk compartment) or more than 285 lbs (130 kg) in the lower trunk compartment. Doing so can cause damage.

Closing

If Model S is not equipped with a powered liftgate, close the rear trunk by pulling down on the liftgate and pushing ﬁrmly until it is fully closed.

To close the powered liftgate, do one of the following:

• Touch the associated CLOSE button on the touchscreen (Controls > Quick Controls).

• Double-click the trunk button on the key fob.

• Press the switch located on the underside of the liftgate (see Adjusting Liftgate

Opening Height on page 17).

If a powered liftgate senses an obstruction when closing, it automatically opens and sounds ﬁve chimes. Remove the obstruction and try closing it again. If it cannot close the second time, powered operation is temporarily disabled. Close it manually to restore powered operation.

Note: The power closing feature is also temporarily disabled if you leave the powered liftgate open for more than an hour.

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Rear Trunk

Adjusting Liftgate Opening Height

If Model S is equipped with a powered liftgate, you can adjust its opening height to make it easier to reach or to avoid low-hanging ceilings or objects (for example, a garage door or light):

1. Open the liftgate, then manually lower or raise it to the desired opening height.

2. Press and hold the button on the underside of the liftgate for two seconds until you hear a conﬁrmation chime.

3. Conﬁrm that you have set it to the desired height by closing the liftgate, then reopening it.

Interior Release

To open the rear trunk from inside a Model S equipped with the Tesla Built-In Rear Facing Child Seats, press the interior release switch located inside the rear trunk and push the liftgate up. If Model S is locked and is equipped with a power liftgate, the ﬁrst press unlocks the rear trunk and the second press opens it.

Note: If Model S is not equipped with the Tesla Rear Facing Child Seats, the switch may appear to exist, but it will be inactive and pressing it does not release the liftgate.

If Model S is equipped with the power liftgate, you do not need to push it up. When you press the release switch, it opens, and when you pull the switch, it closes.

Note: The interior release switch is disabled if child-protection locks are turned on (see

Child-Protection Lock on page 13), or if

Model S is moving.

Accessing the Cargo Area

To access the cargo area inside the rear trunk, pull up the strap at the rear of the cargo cover. You can then fold the cargo cover forward or remove it from Model S.

Caution: Never load more than 175 lbs (80 kg) on the rear load ﬂoor (above the lower trunk compartment) or more than 285 lbs (130 kg) in the lower trunk compartment. Doing so can cause damage.

Interior Emergency Trunk Release

An illuminated mechanical release located inside the rear trunk allows you to open the rear trunk from the inside if Model S has no electrical power. This mechanical release also allows a person locked inside to get out.

1. Remove the cover by pulling its lower edge very ﬁrmly toward you.

2. Pull the cable to release the latch.

3. Push the rear trunk open.

Note: The button glows for several hours after a brief exposure to ambient light.

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Rear Trunk

Warning: Do not allow children to play inside the trunk or become locked inside. An unrestrained child could suer serious injury or death in a crash. A child could suer heat exhaustion if trapped in the vehicle, especially without climate control on.

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Front Trunk

Opening

To open the front trunk:

1. Ensure that the area around the hood is free of obstacles.

2. Touch the associated OPEN button on the touchscreen (Controls > Quick Controls), double-click the front trunk button on the key, or touch the front trunk button on the mobile app.

3. Pull the hood up.

When a door or trunk/liftgate is open, the instrument panel displays the Door Open indicator light. The image of your Model S on the touchscreen also displays the open front trunk.

Warning: Before opening or closing the hood, it is important to check that the area around the hood is free of obstacles (people and objects). Failure to do so may result in damage or serious injury.

Note: The front trunk locks whenever closed and you lock Model S using either the touchscreen or externally using the key or mobile app, you leave Model S carrying your key (if Walk-Away Locking on page 13 is turned on), or when Valet mode is active (see

Valet Mode on page 43).

Closing

The Model S hood is not heavy enough to latch under its own weight and applying pressure on the front edge or center of the hood can cause damage.

To properly close the hood:

1. Lower the hood until the striker touches the latches.

2. Place both hands on the front of the hood in the areas shown (in green), then press down ﬁrmly to engage the latches.

Front Trunk

Carefully try to lift the front edge of the hood to ensure that it is fully closed.

Caution: To prevent damage:

• Apply pressure only to the green areas shown. Applying pressure to the red areas can cause damage.

• Do not close the hood with one hand. Doing so applies concentrated force in one area and can result in a dent or crease.

• Do not apply pressure to the front edge of the hood. Doing so can crease the edge.

• Do not slam or drop the hood.

Warning: Before driving, you must ensure that the hood is securely latched in the fully closed position by carefully trying to lift the front edge of the hood upward and conﬁrming there is no movement.

Interior Emergency Release

An illuminated interior release button inside the front trunk allows a person locked inside to get out.

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Front Trunk

Press the interior release button to open the front trunk, then push up on the hood.

Note: The interior release button glows following a brief exposure to ambient light.

Warning: People should never climb inside the front trunk. Never shut the front trunk when a person is inside.

Warning: Care should be taken to ensure that objects inside the front trunk do not bump against the release button, causing the trunk to accidentally open.

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Interior Storage and Electronics

Glove Box

To open the glove box, press the switch located on the side of the touchscreen. The glove box locks whenever Model S is locked externally, using the key or walk-away locking. It also locks when Model S is in Valet mode (see Valet Mode on page 43). It does not lock when you lock Model S using the lock icon on the touchscreen's status bar.

Note: If you leave the glove box open, its light eventually turns o.

Warning: When driving, keep the glove box closed to prevent injury to a passenger if a collision or sudden stop occurs.

Note:

Do not connect multiple devices using a USB hub. This can prevent connected devices from charging or from being recognized by the Media Player.

Note: Power is available whenever the vehicle is considered "awake" The vehicle may be awake for many reasons. For example, when using features such as Summon, or when features such as Smart Preconditioning, Cabin Overheat Protection, Keep Climate On, Dog Mode, Sentry Mode, etc. are enabled. The vehicle is also awake whenever the 12V battery is being charged or is in use, during HV charging, when the vehicle is communicating with the mobile app, etc. Leaving an accessory plugged in does not deplete the 12V battery.

Inductive Phone Charger

The Model S inductive phone charger can charge your Qi-enabled smartphone at up to

7.5W of power. Simply open the center console rear bin lid and place your smartphone in the phone charger, which is located on the back of the bin cover. The inductive phone charger uses either one of the front USB ports to charge.

USB Ports

Your Model S has two USB ports located on the front of the center console that you can use to connect USB devices. To play audio ﬁles stored on a USB drive connected to these ports, see Playing Media from Devices on page

142. You can also use these ports to charge USB devices.

Model S will charge your smartphone only when the vehicle is powered on (i.e., the touchscreen is on and you are in the vehicle). You smartphone will not continue to charge if you leave it plugged in after exiting the vehicle. Model S will not charge your smartphone if the vehicle's Battery is discharged.

Note: The inductive phone charger may not work if your phone case is too large or made of metal. Take the smartphone out of the case and place the phone in the charger.

Opening and Closing 21

Page 23

Interior Storage and Electronics

12V Power Socket

Your Model S has a power socket located on the front of the center console. Power is available whenever the instrument panel and touchscreen are on.

The 12V power socket is suitable for accessories requiring up to 11A continuous draw (15A peak) or a maximum of 150 continuous watts (180 watts peak).

Note: In situations where Model S is unable to detect the key (low battery, interference, etc.), place it immediately below the 12V power socket where Model S can best detect it.

Warning: accessory’s connector can become hot.

The power socket and an

22 Model S Owner's Manual

Page 24

Interior Storage and Electronics

Cup Holders

To expose a front cup holder, slide back the armrest.

To expose rear cup holders (if available on your vehicle), press and release the cup holder face plate located at the back of the center console.

Opening and Closing 23

Page 25

Sunroof

Opening and Closing

If your Model S is equipped with a sunroof, you can vent and close the sunroof remotely using the mobile app or you can adjust the position of the sunroof by controlling it from the menu on your right scroll wheel.

For full control of the sunroof, touch Controls > Quick Controls on the touchscreen. Drag, or tap on, the image of the sunroof or touch the buttons next to the image of your vehicle. The sunroof moves to the selected position. To stop the sunroof from moving at any time, touch the image of the sunroof.

• OPEN: touch once to open the sunroof to its comfort position (75% open). Touch twice to open the sunroof fully.

• VENT: touch to open the sunroof slightly.

• CLOSE: touch to fully close the sunroof.

Note: If the sunroof detects any obstruction, it does not close. If, after removing the obstruction, it still does not close, touch and hold CLOSE to override the sunroof’s anti-trap mechanism.

Note: If you ﬁnd wind noise (which varies depending on driving speed) excessive, even with the sunroof in the comfort position, open a window slightly.

Caution: opening the sunroof. Opening a sunroof covered in snow and ice can cause damage.

Warning: Do not allow occupants to extend any part of their body through the sunroof. Doing so can cause serious injury from ﬂying debris, tree branches, or other obstructions.

Warning: Before closing the sunroof, ensure that occupants, especially children, do not have any body part extended through the sunroof opening. Failure to do so can cause serious injury.

Warning: Do not carry an object that protrudes through the sunroof. Doing so

Remove snow and ice before

can damage the sunroof’s seals and antitrap mechanism, and can cause injury to occupants.

24 Model S Owner's Manual

Page 26

Front and Rear Seats

Seating and Safety Restraints

Front and Rear Seats

Correct Driving Position

The seat, head support, seat belt and airbags work together to maximize your safety. Using these correctly ensures greater protection.

Position the seat so you can wear the seat belt correctly, while being as far away from the front airbag as possible:

1. Sit upright with both feet on the ﬂoor and the seat back reclined no more than 30 degrees.

2. Make sure you can easily reach the pedals and that your arms are slightly bent when holding the steering wheel. Your chest should be at least 10 inches (25 cm) from the center of the airbag cover.

3. Place the shoulder section of the seat belt mid-way between your neck and your shoulder. Fit the lap section of the belt tightly across your hips, not across your stomach.

Model S seats include integrated head supports that cannot be adjusted or removed.

Adjusting the Front Seats

1. Move seat forward/backward and adjust the seat’s height and tilt angle up/down.

2. Adjust backrest.

3. Adjust lumbar support.

Warning:

Before adjusting a front seat, check that the area around the seat is free of obstacles (people and objects).

Warning: Do not adjust seats while driving. Doing so increases the risk of a collision.

Warning: Riding in a moving vehicle with the seat back reclined can result in serious injuries in a collision, as you could slide under the lap belt or be propelled into the seat belt. Ensure your seat back is reclined no more than 30 degrees when the vehicle is moving.

Seating and Safety Restraints 25

Page 27

Front and Rear Seats

Folding Rear Seats

Model S has a split rear seat that can fold forward.

Note: If Model S is equipped with the optional executive rear seats, these seats do not fold forward.

Note: Driving with the rear seats folded forward might result in increased perceivable noise and/or vibration coming from the rear of the vehicle (trunk, suspension, etc.).

Before folding, remove items from the seats and the rear footwell. To allow the rear seat backs to fold completely ﬂat, you may need to move the front seats forward.

To fold a rear seat, pull the corresponding lever and fold the seat forward.

Warning: are locked in their upright position by pushing it forward or rearward. Failure to do so increases the risk of injury.

Always ensure the seat backs

Seat Heaters

The front seats contain heating pads that operate at three levels from 3 (highest) to 1 (lowest). To operate the seat heaters, see

Climate Controls on page 128.

If Model S is equipped with the cold weather package, you can also control seat heaters in all rear seating positions, as well as heated wipers and washer nozzles by touching the climate controls on the touchscreen (see

Climate Controls on page 128).

Warning: To avoid burns resulting from prolonged use, individuals who have peripheral neuropathy, or whose capacity to feel pain is limited because of diabetes, age, neurological injury, or some other condition, should exercise caution when using the climate control system and seat heaters.

Seat Covers

Warning: Do not use seat covers in Model S. Doing so could restrict deployment of the seat-mounted side air bags if a collision occurs. Also, if the vehicle is equipped with an occupant detection system that is used to determine the status of the passenger front airbag, seat covers may interfere with this system.

Raising Rear Seats

Before raising a rear seat, make sure that the seat belts are not trapped behind the backrest.

Pull the seat back upward until it locks into place.

To conﬁrm that the seat back is locked in the upright position, try pulling it forward.

26 Model S Owner's Manual

Page 28

Seat Belts

Wearing Seat Belts

Using seat belts and child safety seats is the most eective way to protect occupants if a collision occurs. Therefore, wearing a seat belt is required by law in most jurisdictions.

Both the driver and passenger seats are equipped with three-point inertia reel seat belts. Inertia reel belts are automatically tensioned to allow occupants to move comfortably during normal driving conditions. To securely hold child safety seats, all passenger seating positions are equipped with an automatic locking retractor (ALR) that, by pulling the seat belt beyond the length needed for a typical adult occupant, locks the belt into place until the seat belt is unbuckled.

The seat belt reel automatically locks to prevent movement of occupants if Model S experiences a force associated with hard acceleration, braking, cornering, or an impact in a collision.

Seat Belt Reminders

The seat belt reminder on the instrument panel alerts you if a seat belt for an occupied driver or passenger seat is unbuckled. If the belt remains unbuckled, the reminder ﬂashes and an intermittent chime sounds. If all occupants are buckled up and the reminder stays on, re-buckle seat belts to ensure they are correctly latched. Also remove any heavy objects (such as a briefcase) from an unoccupied seat. If the reminder light continues to stay on, contact Tesla.

Warning: Seat belts must be worn by passengers in all seating positions.

Seat Belts

Insert the latch plate into the buckle and press together until you hear a click indicating it is locked in place.

4. Pull the belt to check that it is securely fastened.

5. Pull the diagonal part of the belt toward the reel to remove excess slack.

To Release a Belt

Hold the belt near the buckle to prevent the belt from retracting too quickly, then press the button on the buckle. The belt retracts automatically. Ensure there is no obstruction that prevents the belt from fully retracting. The belt should not hang loose. If a seat belt does not fully retract, contact Tesla.

Wearing Seat Belts When Pregnant

Do not put the lap or shoulder sections of the seat belt over the abdominal area. Wear the lap section of the belt as low as possible across the hips, not the waist. Position the shoulder portion of the belt between the breasts and to the side of the abdomen. Consult your doctor for speciﬁc guidance.

To Fasten a Belt

1. Ensure correct positioning of the seat (see

Correct Driving Position on page 25).

2. Draw the belt out smoothly, ensuring the belt lays ﬂat across the pelvis, chest and mid-point of your collar bone, between the neck and shoulder.

Seating and Safety Restraints 27

Page 29

Seat Belts

Warning: tensioners have been activated, they must be replaced. After any collision, have the airbags, seat belt pre-tensioners and any associated components checked and, if necessary, replaced.

Once the seat belt pre-

Testing Seat Belts

To conﬁrm that seat belts are operating correctly, perform these three simple checks on each seat belt.

1. With the seat belt fastened, give the webbing nearest the buckle a quick pull. The buckle should remain securely locked.

2. With the belt unfastened, unreel the webbing to its limit. Check that unreeling

Warning: Never place anything between you and the seat belt to cushion the impact in the event of a collision.

Seat Belt Pre-tensioners

The front seat belts are equipped with pre‑tensioners that work in conjunction with the airbags in a severe frontal collision. The pre‑tensioners automatically retract both the seat belt anchor and the seat belt webbing, reducing slack in both the lap and diagonal portions of the belts, resulting in reduced forward movement of the occupant.

The outboard seats are equipped with shoulder pre-tensioners to retract the seat belt webbing to reduce forward movement of the occupant.

If the pre-tensioners and airbags did not activate in an impact, this does not mean they malfunctioned. It usually means that the strength or type of force needed to activate them was not present.

28 Model S Owner's Manual

is free from snags, and visually check the webbing for wear. Allow the webbing to retract, checking that retraction is smooth and complete.

3. With the webbing half unreeled, hold the tongue plate and pull forward quickly. The mechanism should lock automatically and prevent further unreeling.

If a seat belt fails any of these tests, contact Tesla immediately.

For information about cleaning seat belts, see

Seat Belts on page 181.

Seat Belt Warnings

Warning: occupants at all times, even if driving for a very short distance. Failure to do so increases the risk of injury or death if a collision occurs.

Warning: Secure small children in a suitable child safety seat as described in the Child Safety Seat topic. Always follow the child safety seat manufacturer's instructions when installing.

Warning: Ensure that all seat belts are worn correctly. An improperly worn seat belt increases the risk of injury or death if a collision occurs.

Warning: Do not wear seat belts over hard, fragile or sharp items in clothing, such as pens, keys, eyeglasses, etc. The pressure from the seat belt on such items can cause injury.

Warning: Seat belts should not be worn with any part of the strap twisted.

Warning: Each seat belt assembly must be used by one occupant only. It is

Seat belts should be worn by all

Page 30

dangerous to put a seat belt around a child being carried on an occupant’s lap.

Warning: Seat belts that have been worn in a collision must be inspected or replaced by Tesla, even if damage to the assembly is not obvious.

Warning: Seat belts that show signs of wear (such as fraying), or have been cut or damaged in any way, must be replaced by Tesla.

Warning: Avoid contaminating a seat belt’s components with any chemicals, liquids, grit, dirt or cleaning products. If a seat belt fails to retract or latch into the buckle, it must be replaced immediately. Contact Tesla.

Warning: Do not make modiﬁcations or additions that can prevent a seat belt mechanism from taking up slack, or that can prevent a seat belt from being adjusted to remove slack. A slack belt greatly reduces occupant protection.

Warning: Do not make modiﬁcations that can interfere with the operation of a seat belt, or that can cause a seat belt to become inoperable.

Warning: When seat belts are not in use, they should be fully retracted and not hanging loose. If a seat belt does not fully retract, contact Tesla.

Seat Belts

Seating and Safety Restraints 29

Page 31

Child Safety Seats

Guidelines for Seating Children

Your Model S seat belts are designed for adults and larger children. You must restrain infants and small children in the rear seats only, and you must use a suitable child safety seat appropriate for the child’s age, weight, and size.

Never use child safety seats in the front row passenger seat.

Warning: Never seat a child on a seat with an ACTIVE AIRBAG in front of it. DEATH or SERIOUS INJURY to the child can occur.

Refer to the following label ﬁtted to the sun visors.

Note: The image shown below is representative only and may not be identical to the label in your vehicle.

Model S has an occupancy sensor in the front passenger seat that controls the status of the passenger front airbag (see Airbags on page 37).

When driving with a child seat on the front passenger seat, always doublecheck the status of the passenger front airbag to conﬁrm that it is OFF.

To protect an adult subsequently occupying the front passenger seat, always double-check the passenger front airbag to conﬁrm that it is ON.

30 Model S Owner's Manual

Page 32

Child Safety Seats

Choosing a Child Safety Seat

All children age 12 and under should ride in the second row seats. Always use a child safety seat suitable for a young child’s age and weight. The following table is based on child safety seat recommendations determined by National Highway Trac Safety Administration (NHTSA). For more information, go to www.nhtsa.gov/ChildSafety/Guidance.

Infants Toddlers Young

Age Birth to 1 year* Over 1 year* 4 years and

Weight Up to at least 20 lbs (9 kg)* Over 20 lbs (9 kg) (minimum)

Type of child safety seat

Seat position Rear facing only* Rear facing as long as possible,

Recommended attachment method

* Many child safety seats currently available allow children to ride rear-facing using the child safety seat’s integrated 5-point harness for a longer period of time BASED UPON SPECIFIC HEIGHT AND WEIGHT LIMITS. Keep your child in a rear facing seat for as long as possible. CHECK THE CHILD SAFETY SEAT MANUFACTURER’S INSTRUCTIONS AND CAREFULLY FOLLOW ALL INSTRUCTIONS.

** LATCH ("Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children") and ISOFIX are international standards for attachment points for child safety seats in passenger cars that enable compliant child safety seats to be quickly and safely secured. The system has other regional names including LUAS ("Lower Universal Anchorage System") or Canﬁx in Canada. It has also been called the "Universal Child Safety Seat System" or UCSSS.

*** Subject to instructions provided by the child safety seat manufacturer.

****Keep your child in a forward facing child safety seat with a harness and tether until the child reaches the child safety seat's maximum allowable height or weight as speciﬁed by the manufacturer of the child safety seat.

Rear facing (or convertible) Forward facing (or

If combined weight of child and safety seat is up to 65 lbs (29 kg), attach using either LATCH** (lower anchor only) or the seat belt only.*** If combined weight of child and safety seat is over 65 lbs (29 kg), attach using the seat belt only.***

and up to 40 lbs (18 kg)*

convertible)*

then forward facing*

If combined weight of child and safety seat is up to 65 lbs (29 kg), attach using either LATCH** (both lower anchors and top tether anchor), or the seat belt and upper tether strap.*** If combined weight of child and safety seat is over 65 lbs (29 kg), attach using the seat belt and upper tether strap.***

children

older, and less than 57 in. (145 cm) tall

Over 40 lbs (18 kg)

Forward facing or seat belt retained booster seat****

Forward facing

Attach booster seats using the seat belt only.

Warning: Do not use Easy Entry (as described in Driver Proﬁles on page 42) to automatically move the driver's seat to the full rearward position if a child safety seat is installed on a rear

Seating and Safety Restraints 31

Page 33

Child Safety Seats

seat behind the driver's seat. With reduced clearance, the movement of the seat may impact a child's legs, cause injury, or dislodge the seat.

Warning: Do not use LATCH anchors with child safety seats or booster seats that have an integral safety belt where the combined weight of the child plus the child safety seat exceeds 65 lbs (29.5 kg).

Warning: Laws that govern how and where children should be carried when traveling in a vehicle are subject to change. It is the driver’s responsibility to keep up to date on, and comply with, all current regulations in the region(s) where Model S is driven. To check the child passenger safety laws for states in the U.S., go to: http://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/

laws/childsafety_laws.html.

32 Model S Owner's Manual

Page 34

Child Safety Seats

Seating Larger Children

If a child is too large to ﬁt into a child safety seat, but too small to safely ﬁt into the standard seat belts, use a booster seat appropriate for the child’s age and size. Carefully follow the manufacturer’s instructions to secure the booster seat.

Installing Child Safety Seats

There are two general methods used to install child safety seats:

• Seat belt retained - these seats are secured using the vehicle’s seat belts.

• LATCH retained - these seats attach to anchor bars built into the vehicle’s rear seats.

Check the child safety seat manufacturer’s instructions and the table in this manual to determine which installation method to use. Some child safety seats can be installed using either method. Always follow the child safety seat manufacturer’s instructions.

emergency. Once disengaged, the belt must be fully extended to re-engage the locking mechanism whenever you install a child safety seat.

Always follow the detailed instructions provided by the child safety seat manufacturer. General guidelines are provided below.

1. Place the child safety seat in Model S, and fully extend the seat belt. Route and buckle the seat belt in accordance with the child safety seat manufacturer’s instructions.

Installing Seat Belt Retained Child Seats

First, make sure that the child safety seat is appropriate for the weight, height, and age of the child.

Avoid dressing the child in bulky clothing and do not place any objects between the child and the restraint system.

Adjust harnesses for every child, every trip.

To securely hold child safety seats, all passenger seating positions are equipped with an automatic locking retractor (ALR) that, by pulling the seat belt beyond the length needed for a typical adult occupant, locks the belt into place until the seat belt is unbuckled and the webbing is fully retracted. The ALR mechanism operates as a ratchet, winding in slack and preventing the seat belt from extending any further until it has been completely rewound. When installing a child safety seat, engage the belt's automatic locking retractor by pulling the seat belt webbing until it is fully extended. The ALR system engages only when the seat belt is at its maximum extension point.

Note: An automatic locking retractor disengages only when the seat belt is unbuckled and fully retracted. The belt can then be worn as a normal belt, sliding freely in and out and locking tight only in an

Seating and Safety Restraints 33

Allow the seat belt to retract, and remove all slack in the seat belt while ﬁrmly pushing the child safety seat into the Model S seat.

3. Attach the upper tether strap(s), as required by the manufacturer of the child restraint system (see Attaching Upper

Tether Straps on page 35).

Installing ISOFIX (LATCH) Child Seats

Lower LATCH anchors are provided in the second row outboard seats. The anchors are located between the seat's back rest and rear cushion. The exact location of each anchor is identiﬁed by a child safety seat identiﬁcation button, illustrated below. The button is located on the seat back, directly above its associated anchor.

Page 35

Child Safety Seats

In the rear seats, install LATCH child safety seats in the outboard seating positions only. Use only a seat belt retained seat in the center position.

To install a LATCH child safety seat, carefully read and follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the child restraint system. These instructions describe how to slide the child restraint system onto the seat's anchor bars until you hear it "click" into place. You may need to push the child restraint system ﬁrmly against the seat back to ensure it ﬁts snugly.

34 Model S Owner's Manual

Adjust until the child restraint system is ﬁtted ﬁrmly against the seat back. Ensure the child restraint system ﬁts snugly.

Page 36

Before seating a child, ensure that the child restraint system is securely installed. Grasp the front of the child restraint system with one hand on each side, and attempt to:

• Twist the child restraint system from side to side.

• Pull the child restraint system away from the seat.

If the child restraint system moves away from the seat, both latches are not fully engaged onto the seat's anchor bars. You must reinstall it and try again. It is critical that both latches on the child restraint system are fully engaged.

Note: Do not use LATCH anchors with child seats or booster seats that have an integrated safety belt where the combined weight of the child plus the child restraint system exceeds 65 lbs (29.5 kg).

Child Safety Seats

Always position single-strap tethers to run over the top of the head support.

Note: To prevent the single-strap tether from moving side to side, the top of the head support deforms.

Attaching Upper Tether Straps

If an upper tether strap is provided, attach its hook to the anchor point located on the back of the rear seats.

Note: The location of anchor points may not be readily visible but can be found by identifying a slice in the seat's material.

Warning: according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the child safety seat.

Warning: USE ONLY SEAT BELT RETAINED CHILD SAFETY SEATS IN THE CENTER SEATING POSITION.

For dual-strap tethers, position a strap on each side of the head support.

Seating and Safety Restraints 35

Tighten upper tether straps

Testing a Child Safety Seat

Before seating a child, always make sure the child safety seat is not loose:

Page 37

Child Safety Seats

1. Hold the child safety seat by the belt path and try to slide the safety seat from side to side and front to back.

2. If the seat moves more than one inch (2.5 cm), it is too loose. Tighten the belt or reconnect the LATCH retained child safety seat.

3. If you are unable to reduce slack, try a dierent seat location or try another child safety seat.

Child Safety Seat Warnings

Warning: Extreme hazard! Do not seat a child on the front passenger seat even if you are using a child safety seat. This seat has an airbag in front of it. Although this airbag is disabled when Model S detects a lightweight passenger, do not rely on technology to protect your child.

Warning: Child restraint systems are designed to be secured in vehicle seats by lap belts or the lap belt portion of a lap-shoulder belt. Children could be endangered in a crash if their child restraints are not properly secured in the vehicle.

Warning: According to collision statistics, children are safer when properly restrained in the rear seating positions than in the front seating positions.

Warning: Do not use a forward facing child safety seat until your child weighs over 20 lbs (9 kg) and can sit independently. Up to the age of two, a child's spine and neck are not suciently developed to avoid injury in a frontal impact.

Warning: Do not allow a baby or infant to be held on a lap. All children should be restrained in an appropriate child safety seat at all times.

Warning: To ensure children are safely seated, follow all instructions provided in this document and by the manufacturer of the child safety seat.

Warning: Children should ride in a rear facing child safety seat using the seat’s integrated 5-point harness for as long as possible.

Warning: Do not use seat belt extenders on a seat belt that is being used to install a child safety seat or booster seat.

Warning: When seating larger children, make sure the child's head is supported

36 Model S Owner's Manual

and the child’s seat belt is properly adjusted and fastened. The shoulder portion of the belt must be away from the face and neck, and the lap portion must not be over the stomach.

Warning: Never attach two child safety seats to one anchor point. In a collision, one anchor point may be incapable of securing both seats.

Warning: Child restraint anchors are designed to withstand only those loads imposed by correctly ﬁtted child restraints. Under no circumstances are they to be used for adult seat belts, harnesses, or for attaching other items or equipment to the vehicle.

Warning: Always check harnesses and tether straps for damage and wear.

Warning: Never leave a child unattended, even if the child is secured in a child safety seat.

Warning: Never use a child safety seat that has been involved in a collision. Have the seat inspected or replaced as described in the child safety seat manufacturer’s instructions.

Page 38

Airbags

Location of Airbags

Airbags are located in the approximate areas shown below. Airbag warning information is printed on the sun visors.

Model S is equipped with an airbag and lap/shoulder belt at both front seating positions. The airbag is a supplemental restraint at those seating positions. All occupants, including the driver, should always wear their seat belts whether or not an airbag is also provided at their seating position to minimize the risk of severe injury or death in the event of a crash.

1. Passenger knee airbag

2. Passenger front airbag

3. Side airbags

4. Curtain airbags

5. Driver’s knee airbag

6. Driver’s front airbag

Seating and Safety Restraints 37

Page 39

Airbags

How Airbags Work

Airbags inﬂate when sensors detect an impact that exceeds deployment thresholds. These thresholds are designed to predict the severity of a crash in time for the airbags to help protect the vehicle's occupants. Airbags inﬂate instantly with considerable force accompanied by a loud noise. The inﬂated bag, together with the seat belts, limits movement of occupants to reduce the risk of injury.

Front airbags are not ordinarily designed to inﬂate in rear collisions, rollovers, side collisions and when braking heavily or driving over bumps and potholes. Likewise, front airbags may not inﬂate in all frontal collisions, such as minor front collisions, underride collisions, or minor impacts with narrow objects (such as posts or poles). Signiﬁcant superﬁcial damage can occur to the vehicle without the airbags inﬂating and, conversely, a relatively small amount of structural damage can cause airbags to inﬂate. Therefore, the external appearance of the vehicle after a collision does not represent whether or not the front airbags should have inﬂated.

Warning: Before modifying your vehicle to accommodate a person with disabilities in a way that may aect the airbag system, contact Tesla.

Types of Airbags

Model S has the following types of airbags:

• Front airbags: The front airbags are designed to reduce injuries if larger children or adults are riding in the front seats. Follow all warnings and instructions related to seating a child on the front passenger seat (if permitted in your market region).

• Knee airbags: Knee airbags and the front airbags work together. The knee airbags limit the forward motion of the front seat occupants by restricting leg movement, thereby positioning the occupants so that the front airbags work more eectively.

• Side airbags: Side airbags protect the thorax region of the torso and the pelvis. They inﬂate only if a severe side impact occurs. Side airbags on the non-impacted side of the vehicle do not inﬂate.

• Curtain airbags: Curtain airbags help protect the head. Curtain airbags on both the impacted and non-impacted side of the vehicle will inﬂate only if a severe side impact occurs, or if the vehicle rolls over.

Passenger Front Airbag Status

The status of the passenger front airbag displays in the top corner of the touchscreen:

Before driving with a child seated on the front passenger seat (if permitted in your market region), always double-check the status of the passenger front airbag to conﬁrm that it is OFF. When the passenger airbag is OFF, it will not inﬂate when a collision occurs. This indicator also displays when the seat is unoccupied.

To protect an adult occupying the front passenger seat, ensure the passenger front airbag is ON. When the passenger airbag is ON, it may inﬂate when a collision occurs

Warning: If seating a child in the front passenger seat is legally permissible in your market region, it is the driver's responsibility to ensure that the passenger front airbag is OFF. Never seat a child in the front passenger seat with an active airbag, even if using a child safety

38 Model S Owner's Manual

Page 40

Airbags

seat or booster seat. DEATH or SERIOUS INJURY to the child can occur.

Disabling the Passenger Front Airbag

Model S has an occupancy sensor in the front passenger seat that controls the status of the passenger front airbag.

Note: The occupancy sensor system meets the regulatory requirement of FMVSS 208 and automatically detects when inﬂating the passenger front airbag would be unnecessary or potentially harmful.

Weight in front passenger seat

Empty OFF PASSENGER

Up to 20 lbs (9 kg)

20-100 lbs (9-45 kg)*

Over 100 lbs (45 kg)

*Values are approximate. A weight detected near the threshold can cause the airbag status to occasionally turn on and o depending on seating position and physique.

Passenger airbag status

OFF PASSENGER

OFF or ON

ON PASSENGER

Indicator status

AIRBAG OFF

OFF PASSENGER AIRBAG OFF ON PASSENGER AIRBAG ON

AIRBAG ON

Note: It takes approximately six seconds after you power on Model S for the occupancy sensor to report accurate status of the front passenger airbag. As a result, when you ﬁrst power on Model S, even in situations when it should be OFF because the seat is occupied by a weight of 20 lbs (9 kg) or less, it will take the touchscreen approximately six seconds to display the status, PASS AIRBAG OFF. If it fails to do so, contact Tesla service immediately and do not seat a child in the front passenger seating position.

To make sure the sensing system can correctly detect occupancy status, eliminate the following:

• Objects lodged under the seat.

• Heavy objects sitting on the seat (briefcase, large purse).

Seating and Safety Restraints 39

Page 41

Airbags

• Objects wedged between the seat back and seat cushion.

• Cargo interfering with the seat.

• Aftermarket items attached to, or sitting on, the seat (covers, mats, blankets, etc.).

These conditions can interfere with the occupancy sensor. If you have eliminated the above possibilities, and the airbag status is still incorrect, ask passengers to ride in the rear seats and contact Tesla to have the airbag system checked.

Note: The front passenger occupancy sensor aects the operation of the passenger front airbags only. The side airbags are not aected.

Warning: If the front passenger airbag is not turning on or o as expected based on the weight thresholds previously described, contact Tesla immediately.

Warning: Never seat a child on the front passenger seat, even if the passenger airbag is o. All occupants age 12 and under must ride in the rear seats (see

Child Safety Seats on page 30).

Warning: To ensure accuracy of the occupant detection system, do not make any modiﬁcations to the front passenger seat.

Warning: Do not use seat covers on Model S. Doing so could restrict deployment of the seat-mounted side air bags if a collision occurs. It can also reduce the accuracy of the occupant detection system.

Inﬂation

After inﬂation, the airbags deﬂate to provide a gradual cushioning eect for the occupants and to ensure the driver’s forward vision is not obscured.

If airbags have inﬂated, or if your vehicle has been in a collision, always have the airbags, seat belt pre-tensioners and any associated components checked and, if necessary, replaced by Tesla.

In a collision, in addition to the airbags

inﬂating:

• Doors unlock, and the door handles

40 Model S Owner's Manual

Eects

Warning: powder is released. This powder can irritate the skin and should be thoroughly ﬂushed from the eyes and from any cuts or abrasions.

extend.

When airbags inﬂate, a ﬁne

• Hazard warning lights turn on.

• Interior lights turn on.

• High voltage is disabled.

To restore high voltage power, use the touchscreen to manually power o Model S (see Powering O on page 50), then press the brake to power it back on again.

Airbag Warning Indicator

The airbag indicator on the instrument cluster remains lit if the airbag system is malfunctioning. The only time this indicator should light up is brieﬂy when Model S ﬁrst powers up, in which case it turns o within a few seconds. If it remains lit, contact Tesla immediately and do not drive.

Airbag Warnings

Warning: Do not place objects over or near airbags because any such objects could cause harm if the vehicle is in a crash severe enough to cause the airbag to inﬂate.

Warning: All occupants, including the driver, should always wear their seat belts, whether or not an airbag is also provided at their seating position, to minimize the risk of severe injury or death in the event of a collision.

Warning: Front seat occupants should not place their arms over the airbag module, as an inﬂating airbag can cause fractures or other injuries.

Warning: Airbags inﬂate with considerable speed and force, which can cause injury. To limit injuries, ensure that occupants are wearing seat belts and are correctly seated, with the seat positioned as far back as possible. The National Highway Trac Safety Administration (NHTSA) recommends a minimum distance of 10" (25 cm) between an occupant’s chest and an airbag.

Warning: Children should not be seated on the front passenger seat unless

Page 42

permitted by regulations in your market region. Follow all regulations in your region for the appropriate way to seat a child based on the child's weight, size, and age. The safest place to seat infants and young children is in the rear seating positions. Seating an infant or child in a rear-facing child restraint system on a seat equipped with an operational airbag can cause serious injury or death.

Warning: To ensure correct inﬂation of the side airbags, maintain an unobstructed gap between an occupant’s torso and the side of Model S.

Warning: Passengers shouldn't lean their heads against doors. Doing so can cause injury if a curtain airbag inﬂates.

Warning: Do not allow passengers to obstruct the operation of an airbag by placing feet, knees or any other part of the body on or near an airbag.

Warning: Do not attach or place objects on or near the front airbags, the side of the front seats, the headliner at the side of the vehicle, or any other airbag cover that could interfere with inﬂation of an airbag. Objects can cause serious injury if the vehicle is in a collision severe enough to cause the airbag to inﬂate.

Warning: Following inﬂation, some airbag components are hot. Do not touch until they have cooled.

Airbags

Seating and Safety Restraints 41

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Driver Proﬁles

Driving

Driver Proﬁles

Creating a Driver Proﬁle

When you ﬁrst adjust the driver’s seat, steering wheel, or driver’s side mirror, the touchscreen prompts you to create a driver proﬁle to save these adjustments. Your proﬁle also saves some of the preferences you make using the touchscreen's Controls window.

To add a new driver proﬁle, touch the driver proﬁle icon at the top of the touchscreen. Then touch Add New Driver, type the driver's name and touch Create Proﬁle. Follow the onscreen instructions to save the seating position to the driver proﬁle. You can also check the Use Easy Entry checkbox if you want to save (or use existing) Easy Entry settings (described below) in which the driver's seat and the steering wheel are automatically adjusted to make it easy to enter and exit Model S.

If you change the position of the steering wheel, driver’s seat, or driver’s side mirror after you have saved or chosen a driver proﬁle, the touchscreen prompts you to save the new position or restore the previously saved position (other settings are automatically saved). To change a setting without saving or restoring, just ignore the prompt.

To adjust Model S based on a driver’s proﬁle, touch the driver proﬁle icon and choose the driver name. The saved adjustments are automatically made.

Note: Valet mode is a built-in driver proﬁle used to limit speed and restrict access to some Model S features (see Valet Mode on page 43).

Note: Depending on date of manufacture and options selected at time of purchase, some Model S vehicles are not equipped with the driver proﬁle feature. Also, in cases where the vehicle is equipped with driver proﬁles, some features may not be automatically saved and adjusted based on the driver proﬁle (for example, mirror position).

Note: To stop automatic adjustments that are in process based on a driver's proﬁle, touch Stop on the Driver Proﬁle dropdown menu. Automatic adjustments also stop if you manually adjust a seat, mirror or the steering wheel.

Easy Entry

You can deﬁne an Easy Entry setting that moves the steering wheel and driver's seat to make it easy to enter and exit Model S. Any driver can use the Easy Entry setting by associating it with their driver's proﬁle. When the Easy Entry setting is associated with a driver's proﬁle, the steering wheel and driver's seat automatically adjust when the park gear is engaged and the driver's seat belt is unbuckled, allowing an easy exit from the vehicle. When returning to the vehicle and stepping on the brake pedal, settings automatically adjust back to the settings used by the most recent driver proﬁle (or based on the key if it's linked to a driver proﬁle).

To use Easy Entry with a driver proﬁle, ensure the Use Easy Entry box is checked.

Warning: Never use Easy Entry to move the driver's seat to the full rearward position when a child safety seat is installed on a rear seat located behind the driver's seat. With reduced clearance, the movement of the seat may impact a child's legs, cause injury, or dislodge the seat.

Restoring a Driver’s Proﬁle

To adjust Model S based on a driver’s proﬁle, touch the driver proﬁle icon on the touchscreen's status bar. Then choose the driver and Model S is adjusted based on the settings that have been saved to the chosen driver proﬁle.

Saved Settings

A subset of the settings that you choose from the Controls window to customize your Model S are also saved to your driver's proﬁle. The settings that are associated with driver proﬁles may vary depending on the version of software currently installed on your Model S.

Note:

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Driver Proﬁles

Linking a Driver Proﬁle to a Key

You can link a driver proﬁle to a speciﬁc key to allow Model S to automatically select the correct driver proﬁle when the linked key is detected as you approach the vehicle and open the driver's door. To link a driver proﬁle to a key, enter Model S with the key and touch the driver proﬁle icon on the top of the touchscreen. Select the driver proﬁle you would like to link to the key, then touch Link to Key Fob.

Note: Model S only detects one key at a time. The driver proﬁle is linked to the key that is detected by the vehicle at that time. Therefore, if you want to link driver proﬁles to multiple keys, ensure that only the key that you would like to link the driver proﬁle to is within detection range while performing the linking procedure. Move all other keys outside of the detection range (at least three feet (one meter) away from Model S).

Note: Model S can support up to three linked keys. However, a driver proﬁle can only be linked to one key.

To remove the link between a driver proﬁle and key, touch the driver proﬁle icon on the top of the touchscreen. Select the driver proﬁle, then touch the X next to Linked to Key Fob.

Valet Mode

When Model S is in Valet mode, the following restrictions apply:

• Speed is limited to 70 mph (113 km/h).

• Maximum acceleration and power are limited.

• Front trunk and glovebox are locked.

• Home and Work locations are not available in the navigation system.

• Voice commands are disabled.

• Autopilot convenience features are disabled.

• Most status bar functions are disabled.

• The Mobile Access setting is disabled.

• HomeLink (if applicable in your market region) is not accessible.

• Driver Proﬁles are not accessible.

• Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are disabled. When Model S is in Valet mode, you cannot pair new Bluetooth devices or view or delete existing paired devices.

Note: If a Bluetooth paired device or a known Wi-Fi network is within operating range (approximately 30 feet or 9 meters) of Model S in Valet mode, Model S will connect to it.

Starting Valet Mode

With Model S in Park, touch the driver proﬁle icon on the top of the touchscreen, then touch Valet Mode.

The ﬁrst time you enter Valet mode, you will be prompted to create a 4-digit PIN that you will use to cancel Valet mode.

When Valet mode is active, the instrument panel displays the word Valet above the driving speed and the Valet mode driver proﬁle displays on the touchscreen.

You can also use the mobile app to start and cancel Valet mode (provided Model S is in Park). When using the mobile app, you do not need to enter a PIN because you are already required to log into the app using your Tesla Account credentials.

Note: If the PIN to Drive setting is enabled (see PIN to Drive on page 149), you must enter the driving PIN before you can deﬁne or enter a Valet PIN. Once in Valet mode, Model S can be driven without the valet needing to enter the driving PIN.

Note: The PIN to Drive setting is not available when Valet mode is active.

If you forget your valet PIN, reset it from inside Model S by entering your Tesla Account credentials (which also cancels Valet mode). You can also reset your PIN using the mobile app.

Canceling Valet Mode

With Model S in Park, touch the Valet Mode driver icon on the touchscreen's status bar, then enter your 4-digit PIN.

When you cancel Valet mode, all settings associated with the most recently used driver proﬁle and climate control settings are restored, and all features are available.

Note: You do not need to enter a PIN to cancel Valet mode from the mobile app.

Driving 43

Page 45

Steering Wheel

Adjusting Steering Eort

You can adjust the feel and sensitivity of the steering system to suit your personal preference:

1. On the touchscreen, touch Controls > Driving > Steering Mode.

2. Choose a steering option:

• Comfort - Reduces the eort required

to turn the wheel. In town, Model S feels easier to drive and park.

• Standard - Tesla believes that this

setting oers the best handling and response in all conditions.

• Sport - Increases the eort required

to turn the wheel. When driving at higher speeds, Model S feels more responsive.

The only way to really know which option you like best is to try them.

Adjusting Position

Adjust the steering wheel to the desired driving position by moving the control on the left side of the steering column. Using this control, you can move the steering wheel forward and backward and up and down.

Warning: Do not make adjustments while driving.

1. Next

If you are listening to local or satellite radio and you have deﬁned more than one radio preset, press to play the next preset in the radio band that is currently playing. If you have not deﬁned more than one preset, press to go to the next available frequency.

If you are listening to Internet radio, or to an audio ﬁle on a connected Bluetooth or USB device, press to skip to the next song or station.

If you have more than one favorite deﬁned, press and hold to cycle through favorites.

2. Scroll Button

• To adjust the media volume, roll up or down.

Note: The scroll button adjusts the volume for media, navigation instructions and phone calls based on what is currently in use. As you adjust volume, the instrument panel displays the volume level and whether you are adjusting volume for media, navigation or phone.

• To mute the media volume, or to pause/play an audio ﬁle, tap the scroll button.

Using Left Steering Wheel Buttons

Use the buttons on the left side of the steering wheel to change radio stations, control the media player’s volume, and to choose what displays on the left side of the instrument panel (whenever the Navigation app is not displaying instructions).

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Steering Wheel

• To choose what displays on the left side of the instrument panel, hold the scroll button brieﬂy until the available options are displayed. Roll the scroll button to choose Empty, Car Status, Clock, Media, Energy, Trips, etc. When the option you want is highlighted, tap the scroll button.

Note: The option you choose to display using the left scroll button is retained until you manually change it. It is also saved in your driver proﬁle.

Note: Car status displays information such as status of doors and trunks, and on newer model vehicles, the tire pressure measurements.

• To restart the touchscreen, hold down both scroll buttons for approximately ﬁve seconds. See Restarting the

Touchscreen on page 50.

3. Previous

Same as described above for Next, except it skips to the previous song or station. If you have more than one favorite deﬁned, press and hold to cycle through favorites.

Note: Regardless of how you customize the left side of the instrument panel, it automatically changes to display navigation instructions (if applicable), or to let you know if a door or trunk is open when Model S is in a driving gear.

Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons

Use the buttons on the right side of the steering wheel to access call options while on a phone call, to choose what displays on the right side of the instrument panel, to adjust Model S features, and to use voice commands.

Note: Whenever you receive or make a phone call, the right side of the instrument panel automatically displays call options to help you easily handle phone calls on your Bluetoothconnected phone.

Press to use a voice command to call a contact, navigate, or listen to Internet music. When you hear the tone, speak your command. Press again to end the voice command, or simply stop speaking. For details, see Using Voice Commands on page 46.

2. Scroll Button

• During a phone call, touch the scroll button to display call options that allow you to perform an action on the call.

• Roll the scroll button to adjust the most recently used feature from the feature list (see Menu button).

• To choose what displays on the right side of the instrument panel, hold the scroll button brieﬂy until the available options are displayed. Roll the scroll button to choose Empty, Car Status, Clock, Media, Energy, Trips, etc. When the option you want is highlighted, tap the scroll button.

Note: Car status displays information such as status of doors and trunks, and on newer model vehicles, the tire pressure measurements.

Note: The option you choose to display using the right scroll button is retained until you manually change it. It is also saved in your driver proﬁle.

• To restart the touchscreen, hold down both scroll buttons for approximately ﬁve seconds. See Restarting the

Touchscreen on page 50.

3. Menu button

Press to display a menu that allows you to control the following Model S:

• Temperature. Roll the scroll button to change the driver side temperature, or press the wheel to turn the climate control system on and o.

• Fan Speed. Roll the scroll button to adjust the speed of the fan used to cool or heat the cabin.

• Display Brightness. Roll the scroll button to change the brightness level of the displays, or press the wheel to restore default settings.

• Sunroof (if equipped). Roll the scroll button to adjust the position of the sunroof.

Driving 45

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Steering Wheel

• Recent Calls. If your phone is paired to Model S, roll the scroll button to view your recent calls. Press the scroll button to call the contact that's displayed. To pair your phone, see

Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page

143.

• Contacts. If your phone is paired to Model S, roll the scroll button to navigate to contacts in your phone. Your contacts are listed alphabetically by their last name. To pair your phone, see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page 143.

Press the menu button again to close the feature list.

Using Voice Commands

You can use voice commands to call a contact, navigate to a location, listen to Internet music or control many aspects of your Model S. Voice commands are designed to understand natural requests. Tap the voice button on the upper right side of the steering wheel to initiate a voice command. When you hear the tone, speak your command. As you speak, the instrument panel displays an interpretation of your command. It also displays tips to remind you of the type of commands you can speak. When you ﬁnish speaking the command, tap the voice button again or simply wait.

Note: Voice commands may be spoken in English or French (Canada).

• To call a contact on your Bluetoothconnected phone, say “Call” or “Dial”, followed by the contact’s ﬁrst and/or last name(s). For example, “Call Joe” or “Call Joe Smith”.

• To search for, or navigate to, a location, say “Where is”, “Drive to”, or “Navigate to”, followed by an address, business name, business category, or landmark. For example, “Where is Stanford University?”, “Drive to Tesla in Palo Alto”, or “Navigate to Starbucks on Homestead in Cupertino”. If you have deﬁned a navigation address for your home or work locations, you can use a voice command to navigate there by saying "Navigate home" or "Navigate to work".

• To listen to an Internet music service, say “Listen to” or “Play”, followed by the name of the song, album, artist, or combination. To improve voice recognition accuracy, provide multiple cues in your command, such as artist plus song (for example, “Listen to Yellow Brick Road” or “Play Yellow Brick Road by Elton John”).

• Control various aspects of Model S by speaking statements or commands. For example, "Speed up the wipers", "The screen is too bright", "Turn on the driver's seat heater", "I'm cold".

Note: Tesla is continuously improving the ability of Model S to recognize voice commands. To support these ongoing quality improvements, Tesla captures short voice recordings anonymously. To protect your privacy, these short recordings are not associated with your personal information or with your vehicle's identiﬁcation number. Tesla assures that it is not possible to search any system for a recording associated with a speciﬁc customer or vehicle.

Heated Steering Wheel

If Model S is equipped with the optional cold weather package, you can warm up the steering wheel by touching climate controls on the touchscreen (see Climate Controls on page 128). When turned on, radiant heat keeps the steering wheel at a comfortable temperature.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture, your Model S may not include a heated steering wheel, even when equipped with the optional cold weather package.

Horn

To sound the horn, press the center pad on the steering wheel.

46 Model S Owner's Manual

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Steering Wheel

Driving 47

Page 49

Mirrors

Adjusting Exterior Side Mirrors

Press the button associated with the mirror you want to adjust (left or right). The button's light turns on and you can then press the dial to move the mirror to the desired position. Repeat for the other side mirror. If prompted, touch Save on the touchscreen to save the mirror adjustment in your driver proﬁle.

To fold and unfold exterior mirrors, press the center button. You can set the mirrors to fold automatically whenever Model S is locked by touching Controls > Vehicle > Mirror AutoFold. The mirrors unfold automatically whenever you unlock Model S.

When you use the center button to fold the mirrors in for parking in a tight space, the mirrors remain folded in until your driving speed reaches 31 mph (50 km/h), or until you use the center button to unfold the mirrors.

Note: You cannot fold a mirror if driving above 31 mph (50 km/h).

The driver’s side mirror automatically dims at night, in proportion to the level of glare from the headlights of a vehicle behind you (except when in Reverse gear). Also, both exterior side mirrors have heaters that turn on and o with the rear window defroster.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture and options selected at time of purchase, some Model S vehicles are not equipped with a side mirror that automatically dims at night and may not include heated side mirrors. In addition, mirror adjustments may not be saved to your driver proﬁle.

Note: See Cold Weather Best Practices on page 83 for information to ensure your mirrors function properly in cold weather.

Auto-Fold Mirrors Based on Location

Model S can automatically fold and unfold the side mirrors based on location, which saves you from having to manually position them each time you need to fold or unfold the mirrors when at a frequented place (such as narrow garages, tight parking spaces, etc.).

To set up, Model S must be driving at a low speed (less than 3 mph/5 kph) or stopped at the location you want your vehicle to remember. Go to Controls > Vehicle > Always Fold Mirrors at this Location. Next time you approach the saved location, your mirrors fold and unfold within 25 feet (7.5 meters) of the speciﬁed location.

You can also integrate auto-folding mirrors with HomeLink (see HomeLink Universal

Transceiver on page 153). To enable, go to

HomeLink > Auto-Fold Mirrors when Nearby.

Caution:

Mirrors may not automatically fold or unfold if you return to a saved location and are driving faster than 3 mph/5 kph.

Mirror Auto-tilt When Reversing

Both exterior mirrors can automatically tilt downward when backing up. To adjust the auto-tilt position, shift into Reverse, then adjust the mirrors (press the button associated with the mirror you want to adjust, then press the dial to move the mirror to the desired position). Touch Save on the touchscreen to save the mirror adjustment in your driver proﬁle.

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Page 50

When you shift back into Drive, the mirrors tilt back to their normal (upward) position. But now that you have adjusted them for backing up, they automatically tilt to the selected downward position whenever you shift into Reverse.

You can turn the auto-tilt feature on or o using the touchscreen, Touch Controls > Vehicle > Mirror Auto-Tilt.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture and options selected at time of purchase, some Model S vehicles are not equipped with Mirror Auto-Tilt.

Rear View Mirror

The rear view mirror is adjusted manually. When in the Drive or Neutral gear, the rear view mirror automatically dims in low lighting conditions (for example, when driving at night or through a tunnel).

Mirrors

Driving 49

Page 51

Starting and Powering O

Starting

When you open a door, Model S powers on the instrument panel and touchscreen and you can operate all controls.

To drive Model S:

1. PRESS THE BRAKE PEDAL - Model S powers on and is ready to drive.

2. SELECT A GEAR - Move the gear lever all the way down for Drive and all the way up for Reverse. See Shifting Gears on page

52.

Note: If the PIN to Drive feature is enabled (see PIN to Drive on page 149), you must also enter a valid PIN on the touchscreen before you can drive Model S.

Note: If Passive Entry is o and you do not press the brake pedal to start Model S within approximately ﬁve minutes, a message displays on the instrument panel and you must use the key to lock then unlock Model S again before starting the vehicle.

Everything you need to know when driving Model S displays on the instrument panel.

Key Not Inside

If Model S does not detect a key when you press the brake, the instrument panel displays a message telling you that a key is not inside.

If you receive this message, place the key in the center console cup holder where Model S can best detect it.

A number of factors can Model S can detect the key. These include a low battery in the key, interference from other devices using radio signals, and objects between the key and receiver.

Always keep the key with you. After driving, the key is needed to restart Model S after it powers o. And when you leave Model S, you must bring the key with you to lock Model S, either manually or automatically.

aect whether

Powering O

When you ﬁnish driving, shift into Park by pressing the button on the end of the gear selector. The parking brake automatically engages and all systems keep operating. When you leave Model S with the key, it powers o automatically, turning o the instrument panel and touchscreen.

Model S also powers o automatically after being in Park for 15 minutes, even if you are sitting in the driver’s seat.

Although usually not needed, you can power o Model S while sitting in the driver’s seat, provided the vehicle is not moving. Touch Controls > Safety & Security > Power O. Model S automatically powers back on again if you press the brake pedal or touch the touchscreen.

Note: Model S automatically shifts into Park whenever it is determined that you are exiting the vehicle, even when you shift into Neutral before exiting. To keep Model S in Neutral, see

Keeping Your Vehicle in Neutral (Tow Mode)

on page 52.

Restarting the Touchscreen

If your touchscreen is unresponsive or demonstrates unusual behavior, you can restart it to potentially resolve the issue.

Note: To ensure the safety of vehicle occupants as well as other road users, restarting the touchscreen should be done only when the vehicle is in Park.

1. Shift into Park.

If Model S still does not detect the key, try holding it against the center console, immediately below the 12V power socket (see

12V Power Socket on page 22). Or try using

another key. If another key does not work, contact Tesla.

50 Model S Owner's Manual

Page 52

2. Hold down both scroll buttons on the steering wheel until the touchscreen turns black.

3. After a few seconds, the Tesla logo appears. Wait approximately 30 seconds for the touchscreen to restart. If the touchscreen is still unresponsive or demonstrating unusual behavior after a few minutes, try power cycling the vehicle. See Power Cycling the Vehicle on page

51.

Note: Restarting the touchscreen using the scroll buttons does not power Model S o and on.

Power Cycling the Vehicle

If your vehicle demonstrates unusual behavior or a nondescript alert is present, you can try power cycling the vehicle to potentially resolve the issue.

1. Shift into Park.

2. On the touchscreen, touch Controls > Safety & Security > Power O.

3. Wait for at least two minutes without interacting with the vehicle. Do not open the doors, touch the brake pedal, touch the touchscreen, etc.

4. After two minutes have passed, press the brake pedal or open the door to wake the vehicle.

Starting and Powering O

Driving 51

Page 53

Gears

Shifting Gears

When Model S is in Park, you must press the brake to shift to another gear.

Move the lever up or down to change gears.

If you try to shift into a gear that the current driving speed prohibits, a chime sounds and the gear does not change.

Reverse

Push the lever all the way up and release. You can only shift into Reverse when Model S is stopped or moving less than 5 mph (8 km/h). If moving less than 1 mph (1.6 km/h), you must press the brake.

Neutral

Push the lever up or down to the ﬁrst position and release to shift into Neutral. Neutral allows Model S to roll freely when you are not pressing the brake pedal.

If Model S is in Park and you use the touchscreen to release the parking brake (Controls > Safety & Security), Model S shifts into Neutral (see Parking Brake on page 68).

Drive

Push the lever all the way down and release. You can shift into Drive when Model S is stopped or moving less than 5 mph (8 km/h) in Reverse. If Model S is moving less than 1 mph (1.6 km/h), you must press the brake to shift into Drive.

Park

Press the end of the gear selector while Model S is stopped. Whenever Model S is in Park, the parking brake is applied.

Model S automatically shifts into Park whenever you connect a charge cable or if two or more of the following conditions are met simultaneously while traveling slower than approximately 1.5 mph (2 km/h):

• The driver's seat belt is unbuckled.

• The occupancy sensor in the driver's seat does not detect an occupant.

• The driver's door is opened.

Note: The above conditions do not reﬂect a comprehensive list of reasons why Model S may or may not automatically shift into Park and, in certain scenarios, it is possible for your vehicle to shift into Park when only one of the above conditions is true.

Warning: In emergency situations, if the brakes are not functioning properly, press and hold the Park button on the gear selector to bring the vehicle to a stop. Do not use this method to stop the vehicle unless absolutely necessary.

Warning: It is the driver's responsibility to always ensure the vehicle is in Park before exiting. Never rely on Model S to automatically shift into Park for you; it might not work in all circumstances (for example, if Creep or a slope causes the vehicle to travel greater than approximately 1.5 mph (2 km/h)).

To make it convenient to pick up passengers, you can also unlock all doors and/or extend the door handles at any time by shifting into Park then pressing the Park button a second time.

Keeping Your Vehicle in Neutral (Tow Mode)

Model S automatically shifts into Park whenever you ﬁnish driving and leave Model S. To keep Model S in Neutral when you exit, allowing it to roll freely (for example, pulling onto a transporter, etc.), activate Tow mode:

1. Shift into Park.

2. Press the brake pedal.

3. Touch Controls > Service > Tow Mode.

Model S beeps, and shifts into Neutral (which releases the parking brake).

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Page 54

When Tow mode is active, Model S displays this indicator light on the instrument panel, along with a message telling you that Model S will roll freely.

Note: In Tow mode, Model S does not shift into a driving gear. To cancel Tow mode, shift into Park or touch Tow mode again. Tow mode also cancels if you use the touchscreen to apply the parking brake (Controls > Safety & Security > Parking Brake).

Gears

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Lights

Controlling Lights

Touch Controls > Lights on the touchscreen to control the lights.

In addition to the lights that you can control from the touchscreen, Model S has convenience lights that turn on and o automatically based on what you are doing. For example, you will notice interior lights, marker lights, tail lights, door handle lights, and puddle lights that turn on when you unlock Model S, when you open a door, and when you shift into Park. They turn o automatically after a minute or two or when you shift into a driving gear or lock Model S.

Note: The image below is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicle options, software version and market region, your touchscreen may appear slightly

dierent.

•

OFF: Exterior lights turn o until you manually turn them back on or until the next time you drive. If daytime running lights are required in your region, the exterior lights used for this purpose are always on when Drive gear is engaged.

• PARKING: Only the side marker lights,

parking lights, tail lights and license plate lights turn on.

Note: If daytime running lights are required in your region, the exterior lights used for this purpose are always on whenever a driving gear (Drive or Reverse) is engaged.

• ON: Exterior lights turn on.

Warning: Always ensure that your headlights are on during low visibility conditions. Failure to do so may result in a collision.

2. If equipped, touch to turn the fog lights on or o. Fog lights operate only when low beam headlights are on. When headlights are turned o, fog lights also turn o.

The front fog indicator displays on the instrument panel whenever the optional front fog lights are on.

Note: Depending on the market region and vehicle options, your vehicle may not be equipped with front and/or rear fog lights.

Note: In some regions, there is no control for the front fog lights. They operate in conjunction with the headlights and turn on only in situations where low beam headlights are on.

3. Turn the interior dome (map) lights on or o. If set to AUTO, all interior dome lights

1. Exterior lights (headlights, tail lights, side marker lights, parking lights, and license plate lights) are set to AUTO each time you start Model S. When set to AUTO, exterior lights automatically turn on when driving in low lighting conditions. If you change to a dierent setting, lights always revert to AUTO on your next drive.

Touch one of these options to temporarily change the exterior light setting:

turn on when you unlock Model S, open a door upon exiting, or shift into Park.

Note: You can also manually turn an individual dome light on or o by pressing its lens. If you manually turn a dome light on, it turns o when Model S powers o. If Model S was already powered o when you manually turned the light on, it turns o after 60 minutes.

4. If you turn on AMBIENT LIGHTS, interior ambient lights turn on whenever the headlights are on.

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5. If you turn on Auto High Beam (only available on Model S equipped with Autopilot components), your vehicle automatically switches from high beam headlights to low beam headlights when there is light detected in front of Model S. See High Beam Headlights on page 56.

6. If you turn on Headlights after Exit, the exterior lights remain on for a short period of time after you stop driving and park Model S in low lighting conditions. See

Headlights After Exit on page 56.

Note: Model S has lights along the rim of the headlights, also referred to as "signature" lights. These lights automatically turn on whenever Model S is powered on and a driving gear is engaged. In market regions where daytime running lights are not required to stay on, the signature lights turn o to conserve energy when you turn on the Range mode setting (see Controls on page 118 or Driving

Tips to Maximize Range on page 77).

Lights

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Lights

High Beam Headlights

Push the left-hand steering column lever away from you to turn the high beam headlights on continuously. To cancel, pull the lever towards you.

To brieﬂy ﬂash the high beam headlights, pull the lever towards you.

The high beam headlights can automatically switch to low beam when there is light detected in front of Model S (for example, from an oncoming vehicle). To turn this feature on or o, touch Controls > Lights > Auto High Beam.

Note: Your chosen setting is retained until you manually change it.

In situations where high beams are turned o because AUTO HIGH BEAM is turned on and light is detected in front of Model S, you can temporarily turn on high beams by pulling the lever all the way toward you.

The following indicator lights are visible on the instrument panel to show the status of the headlights:

Low beam headlights are on.

High beam headlights are on. Illuminates when high beams are on but the Auto High Beam setting is turned o or if the Auto High Beam setting is turned on but is temporarily unavailable.

High beams are currently turned on, and Auto High Beam is ready to turn o the high beams if light is detected in front of Model S.

High beams are temporarily turned o because Auto High Beam is on and is detecting light in front of Model S. When light is no longer detected, the high beams will automatically turn back on.

Warning: Auto High Beam is an aid only and is subject to limitations. It is the driver's responsibility to make sure that the headlights are always adjusted as appropriate for the weather conditions and driving circumstances.

Headlights After Exit

When you stop driving and park Model S in low lighting conditions, the exterior lights remain on. They automatically turn o after one minute or when you lock Model S.

You can turn this feature on and o by touching Controls > Lights > Headlights After Exit. When Headlights After Exit is o, the headlights turn o when you engage the Park gear and open a door.

Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS)

If equipped, the Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS) automatically adjusts the beam of the headlights to improve your driving view. Electric sensors measure driving speed, steering angle and yaw (the rotation of the car around the vertical axis) to determine the optimum position of the headlights based on current driving conditions. For example, to improve visibility while driving on winding roads at night, the AFS casts the beam in the direction of the curve. When low beam headlights are turned on and when driving at lower speeds, AFS improves lateral illumination to increase the visibility of pedestrians and curbs, and to improve visibility when turning at a dark intersection, into a driveway, or when making a u-turn.

The Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS) operates whenever headlights are on. If Model S isn't moving, or is moving in reverse, the adaptive headlights do not activate. This prevents the lights from inadvertently blinding other drivers.

If the AFS fails, the instrument panel displays an alert. Contact Tesla Service.

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Turn Signals

Move the left-hand steering column lever up (before turning right) or down (before turning left). The turn signals ﬂash three times or continuously, depending on how far up or down you move the lever. Lightly push the turn signal lever up or down for a three-ﬂash sequence. For a continuous signal, push the lever fully up or down.

The turn signals stop operating when canceled by the steering wheel, or when you return the lever to the central position.

The corresponding turn signal indicator lights up on the instrument panel when a turn signal is operating. You also hear a clicking sound.

Lights

Warning: If you have purchased an optional Autopilot package, and Trac- Aware Cruise Control is active, engaging a turn signal can cause Model S to accelerate when using Trac-Aware Cruise Control in speciﬁc situations (see

Overtake Acceleration on page 92).

Warning: If you have purchased an optional Autopilot package and Autosteer is active, engaging a turn signal may cause Model S to change lanes.

Hazard Warning Flashers

To turn on the hazard warning ﬂashers, press the button located on the side of the touchscreen closest to the steering wheel. All turn signals ﬂash. Press again to turn o.

Note: Hazard warning ﬂashers operate even without a key nearby.

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Instrument Panel

Instrument Panel Overview

The instrument panel changes depending on whether Model S is:

• O (shown below).

• Driving (see Instrument Panel - Driving on page 62).

• Charging (see Charging Status on page 169).

When Model S is o, the instrument panel shows remaining estimated range, status of doors, and outside temperature. When you press the brake, indicator lights ﬂash on brieﬂy along the top. Unless an indicator light applies to a current situation, it should turn o. If an indicator light fails to turn on or o, contact Tesla.

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicle options, software version, and market region, the information displayed may be slightly dierent.

The following indicators illuminate on the instrument panel to advise you or alert you of a speciﬁc condition.

Indicator

Description

Low beam headlights are on.

High beam headlights are on. Illuminates when high beams are on but the Auto High Beam setting is turned o or if the Auto High Beam setting is turned on but is temporarily unavailable. See High Beam Headlights on page 56.

High beam headlights are currently turned on, and Auto High Beam is ready to turn o the high beams if light is detected in front of Model S. See High Beam

Headlights on page 56.

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Indicator Description

High beam headlights are temporarily turned o because Auto High Beam is on and is detecting light in front of Model S. When light is no longer detected, the high beams automatically turn back on. See High Beam Headlights on page 56.

Parking lights (side marker lights, tail lights, and license plate lights) are on. See

Lights on page 54.

Front fog lights, if equipped. See Lights on page 54.

Adaptive Front Lighting, if equipped. See Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS) on page 56.

Electronic stability control systems are actively minimizing wheel spin by controlling brake pressure and motor power (indicator ﬂashes amber). See Traction

Control on page 70. If this indicator remains on, a fault is detected and you

should immediately contact Tesla.

Instrument Panel

If a fault is detected that reduces the performance of the air suspension system, this amber indicator light displays. If the problem persists, contact Tesla. See Air

Suspension on page 146.

If a fault is detected that disables the air suspension system, a red indicator lights up on the instrument panel. Contact Tesla.

A brake system fault is detected or the brake ﬂuid level is low. See Braking and

Stopping on page 66. Contact Tesla immediately.

Airbag safety. If this red indicator does not ﬂash on brieﬂy when Model S prepares to drive, or if it remains on, contact Tesla immediately. See Airbags on page 37.

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Instrument Panel

Indicator Description

An ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) fault is detected. See Braking and Stopping on page 66. Contact Tesla immediately.

The parking brake is manually applied. See Parking Brake on page 68.

A parking brake fault is detected. Contact Tesla. See Parking Brake on page 68.

Vehicle Hold is actively applying the brakes. See Vehicle Hold on page 73.

Tire pressure warning. The pressure of a tire is out of range. If a fault with the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is detected, the indicator ﬂashes. For a TPMS fault, contact Tesla. See Tire Care and Maintenance on page 173.

A door or trunk is open. See Keys and Doors on page 10, Rear Trunk on page 16, or

Front Trunk on page 19.

A seat belt for an occupied seat is not fastened. See Seat Belts on page 27.

Note: Depending on the date of manufacture, rear seating positions may not be equipped with a seat belt reminder.

Electronic stability control systems are no longer minimizing wheel spin. On a Rear Wheel Drive vehicle, the traction control system has been turned o, or on an AllWheel Drive vehicle, Slip Start has been enabled. See Traction Control on page

70.

Model S is in Tow mode and can roll freely. It does not automatically shift into Park when you exit. See Instructions for Transporters on page 206.

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Indicator Description

Appears when some of the stored energy in the Battery may not be available due to cold weather conditions. If Model S is plugged in, you can heat your Battery by turning on climate control with the mobile app. The snowﬂake icon disappears when the Battery is suciently warm.

Vehicle power is currently being limited because the energy remaining in the Battery is low or the vehicle's systems are being heated or cooled.

Flashes green when the left turn signal is operating. Both turn signal indicators ﬂash green when the hazard warning ﬂashers are operating.

Flashes green when the right turn signal is operating. Both turn signal indicators ﬂash green when the hazard warning ﬂashers are operating.

Instrument Panel

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Instrument Panel

Instrument Panel - Driving

When Model S is driving (or ready to drive), the instrument panel shows your current driving status and a real-time visualization of the road as detected by the Autopilot components (see

About Autopilot on page 85). The visualization automatically zooms in and out as needed to

inform you when a vehicle is detected in your blind spot.

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicle options, software version, and market region, the information displayed may be slightly dierent.

1. Indicator lights display along the top to provide status (see Instrument Panel Overview on page 58).

2. When you are actively navigating to a destination, navigation instructions display here. Use the left steering wheel buttons to change what displays on the left side of the instrument panel whenever navigation instructions are not displayed (see Using Left Steering Wheel

Buttons on page 44).

3. Trac-Aware Cruise Control is cruising at a set speed. When Trac-Aware Cruise Control is available but you haven't set a cruising speed, the icon is gray and the speed is not shown (see Trac-Aware Cruise Control on page 88).

Note: On roads where the map data determines that a conditional speed limit exists (for example, a speed limit based on time of day or weather conditions), a second speed limit displays below the ﬁrst speed limit. It is the driver's responsibility to determine whether the conditional speed limit is currently in eect and adjust the driving speed accordingly.

4. Driving speed.

5. Autosteer is actively steering Model S. When Autosteer is available but you haven't activated it, the icon is gray (see Autosteer on page 95).

6. On the Energy graph, dashed lines appear on the power meter if Model S is limiting power. The dashed lines appear on the top portion (energy being used) when power available for acceleration is being limited, and on the bottom portion (energy being gained) when power that can be gained by regenerative braking is limited. Model S limits power for many reasons. Here are just a few examples:

• Acceleration may be limited when the Battery is reaching a low state of charge or if the

powertrain is hot.

• Both acceleration and regenerative braking may be limited when the ambient temperature

is either very high or very low.

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Instrument Panel

• Regenerative braking may be limited when the Battery is fully charged.

Note: Use the right steering wheel buttons to control what displays on the right side of the instrument panel (see Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page 45).

7. Pay attention to important alert messages that display here. If any alerts are in eect, you can view information about them by touching the alert icon (exclamation mark) on the touchscreen’s status bar (the topmost area of the touchscreen).

8. Use the right steering wheel buttons to change what displays on the right side of the instrument panel whenever a phone call is not active (see Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page 45).

9. Total estimated driving distance (or energy) available. Instead of driving distance, you can display the percentage of battery energy remaining. To do so, touch Controls > Display > Energy Display.

Note: When anticipating when you need to charge, use range estimates as a general guideline only.

10. The speed limit (if available) that is currently being detected by Speed Assist (see Speed

Assist on page 116).

11. The car in front of you (if applicable).

12. Pay attention to important driving-related messages that appear at the bottom center of the instrument panel.

13. Your Model S.

14. When Autosteer is active and detects the driving lane, it is highlighted in blue (see Autosteer on page 95).

Note: If Navigate on Autopilot is active, the instrument panel displays the driving lane as a single blue line in front of Model S (see Navigate on Autopilot on page 98).

15. Currently selected gear: Park, Reverse, Neutral, or Drive.

Warning: Although the instrument panel shows surrounding trac, some vehicles may not be displayed. Never rely on the instrument panel to determine if a vehicle is present (for example, in your blind spot). Always use your mirrors and perform shoulder checks.

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Wipers and Washers

Wipers

To wipe the windshield, rotate the end of the left-hand steering column lever away from you. The steering column lever has ﬁve positions:

• 1st: O.

• 2nd: Auto with low rain sensitivity.*

• 3rd: Auto with high rain sensitivity.*

• 4th: Continuous, slow.

• 5th: Continuous, fast.

For a single wipe, press and release the end of the lever.

If the wipers are set to Auto and Model S detects no liquid on the windshield, the wipers do not wipe.

When you operate the wipers, headlights automatically turn on (if they are not on already).

*To enable the Auto settings, touch Controls > Vehicle > Autowipers (Beta). When wipers are set to Auto, Model S detects whether or not it is raining. The frequency at which they wipe depends on how much rain is detected on the windshield. When wipers are set to high rain sensitivity, the wipers turn on when Model S detects a light mist.

Note: The Auto setting is currently in BETA. If uncertain about using the Auto setting while in the BETA phase, Tesla recommends operating the wipers manually, as necessary.

Caution: position before washing Model S to avoid the risk of damaging the wipers.

To extend the life of wiper blades, remove ice from the windshield before turning wipers on. Ice has sharp edges that can damage the rubber on the wiper blades.

Periodically check and clean the edge of the wiper blade. If damaged, replace the wiper blade immediately. For details on checking and replacing wiper blades, see Wiper Blades

and Washer Jets on page 183.

Ensure the wipers are in the O

Caution: wiper blades are not frozen or adhered to the windshield.

De-icing Wipers

To make wiper blades easy to access so you can remove any ice and snow, shift Model S into Park, turn the wipers o, then use the touchscreen to move them to the service position. Touch Controls > Service > Wiper Service Mode. When parking in cold outdoor climates, it is helpful to leave Model S with the wipers in the service position. In this position, they are closer to the defrost vent, allowing you to thaw them by directing air from the climate control system towards the windshield.

Note: Wipers automatically return to their normal position when you shift Model S out of Park.

If Model S is equipped with the optional cold weather package, you can de-ice wipers by touching the climate control on the touchscreen (see Climate Controls on page

128). Wiper heaters automatically turns o after 15 minutes.

In harsh climates, ensure that the

Washers

Press the button on the end of the left steering column lever to spray washer ﬂuid onto the windshield. You can press this button at two levels. Press partially for a single wipe, without any washer ﬂuid. Press fully for both wipe and wash. When washing the windshield, the wipers will perform two wipes after you release the button, then a third wipe a few seconds later.

Periodically top up washer ﬂuid (see Topping

Up Windshield Washer Fluid on page 186).

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De-icing Washer Nozzles

If Model S is equipped with the optional cold weather package, washer nozzles have deicers that turn on whenever the ambient temperature nears freezing, or when you turn on the heated wipers (see Climate Controls on page 128). The washer de-icers turn o when the heated wipers turn o (after 15 minutes), provided the temperature is warm enough to prevent freezing.

Wipers and Washers

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Braking and Stopping

Braking Systems

Warning: Properly functioning braking systems are critical to ensure safety. If you experience a problem with the brake pedal, brake caliper, or any component of a Model S braking system, contact Tesla immediately.

Model S has an anti-lock braking system (ABS) that prevents the wheels from locking when you apply maximum brake pressure. This improves steering control during heavy braking in most road conditions.

During emergency braking conditions, the ABS constantly monitors the speed of each wheel and varies the brake pressure according to the grip available.

The alteration of brake pressure can be felt as a pulsing sensation through the brake pedal. This demonstrates that the ABS is operating and is not a cause for concern. Keep ﬁrm and steady pressure on the brake pedal while experiencing the pulsing.

The ABS indicator brieﬂy ﬂashes yellow on the instrument panel when you ﬁrst start Model S. If this indicator lights up at any other time, an ABS fault has occurred and the ABS is not operating. Contact Tesla. The braking system remains fully operational and is not aected by an ABS failure. However, braking distances may increase. Drive cautiously and avoid heavy braking.

If the instrument panel displays this red brake indicator at any time other than brieﬂy when you ﬁrst start Model S, a brake system fault is detected, or the level of the brake ﬂuid is low. Contact Tesla immediately. Apply steady pressure and keep the brakes ﬁrm to bring the vehicle to a stop when safe to do so.

Emergency Braking

In an emergency, fully press the brake pedal and maintain ﬁrm pressure, even on low traction surfaces. The ABS varies the braking pressure to each wheel according to the amount of traction available. This prevents wheels from locking and ensures that you stop as safely as possible.

Warning:

Do not pump the brake pedal. Doing so interrupts operation of the ABS and can increase braking distance.

Warning: Always maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front of you and be aware of hazardous driving conditions. While the ABS can improve stopping distance, it cannot overcome the laws of physics. It also does not prevent the danger of hydroplaning (where a layer of water prevents direct contact between the tires and the road).

Automatic Emergency Braking is designed to automatically brake in situations where a collision is considered imminent (see

Automatic Emergency Braking on page 114).

Warning: Automatic Emergency Braking is not designed to prevent a collision. At best, it can minimize the impact of a frontal collision by attempting to reduce your driving speed. Depending on Automatic Emergency Braking to avoid a collision can result in serious injury or death.

Caution: In emergency situations, if the brakes are not functioning properly, press and hold the Park button on the gear selector to bring the vehicle to a stop. Do not use this method to stop the vehicle unless absolutely necessary.

Brake Disc Wiping

Model S is equipped with brake disc wiping, which automatically assists in maintaining brake responsiveness in cold and wet weather conditions. When such conditions are detected, brake disc wiping repeatedly applies an imperceptible amount of brake force to clear away water on the brake disc surface. This ensures your brakes are responsive even during poor weather conditions.

Hydraulic Fade Compensation

Your vehicle is also equipped with hydraulic fade compensation. This assists in monitoring brake system pressure and ABS activity for instances of lower brake performance. If lower brake performance is detected (as a result of brake fade, or cold or wet conditions, for example), you may feel the brake pedal pull away from your foot, detect some noise, and notice a strong increase in vehicle braking. Continue to press the brake pedal without releasing or "pumping" them— just brake as you normally would.

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Braking and Stopping

Caution: If the brakes are not functioning properly, stop the vehicle as soon as safety permits and contact Tesla Service. See Park on page 52 for information on using the Park button to stop the vehicle in case of emergency.

Warning: Always maintain a safe driving distance from the vehicle in front of you and be cautious in hazardous driving conditions. Do not rely on brake disc wiping or hydraulic fade compensation to act as a substitute for adequate braking.

Regenerative Braking

Whenever Model S is moving and your foot is o the accelerator, regenerative braking slows down Model S and feeds any surplus energy back to the Battery.

By anticipating your stops and reducing or removing pressure from the accelerator pedal to slow down, you can take advantage of regenerative braking to increase driving range. Of course, this is no substitute for regular braking when needed for safety.

Note: If regenerative braking is aggressively slowing Model S (such as when your foot is completely o the accelerator pedal at highway speeds), the brake lights turn on to alert others that you are slowing down.

Warning: Model S may experience traction loss during regenerative braking, particularly when in the Standard setting and/or not using winter tires. Tesla recommends using the Low setting (see To Set the

Regenerative Braking Level on page 67)

in snowy or icy conditions to help maintain vehicle stability.

The Energy app displays real-time feedback on the amount of energy being gained by regenerative braking. You can also display the power meter on either side of the instrument panel by choosing Energy using the scroll button on the steering wheel (see Steering

Wheel on page 44).

The amount of energy fed back to the Battery using regenerative braking can depend on the current state of the Battery and the charge level setting that you are using. For example, regenerative braking may be limited if the Battery is already fully charged or if the ambient temperature is too cold.

Note: If regenerative braking is limited, a dashed yellow line displays on the power meter.

Driving 67

In snowy or icy conditions

To Set the Regenerative Braking Level

You can use the touchscreen to change the level of regenerative braking:

1. Touch Controls > Driving > Regenerative Braking.

2. Choose from two levels:

• Standard: Provides the maximum

amount of regenerative braking. When you release the accelerator, Model S slows down, reducing the need to use the brakes.

• Low: Limits regenerative braking.

When you release the accelerator, Model S takes longer to slow down and coasts further than if set to "Standard".

Stopping Mode

Regenerative braking decelerates Model S whenever you release the accelerator pedal when driving. You can choose what you want Model S to do once the driving speed has been reduced to a very low speed (almost at a stop) and both the accelerator pedal and brake pedal are released. While in Park, touch Controls > Driving > Stopping Mode and choose from these options:

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Braking and Stopping

• CREEP: When close to, or at, a complete stop, the motor continues to apply torque, moving Model S slowly forward (in Drive) or backwards (in Reverse), similar to a conventional vehicle with an automatic transmission. In some situations, such as on a steep hill or driveway, you may need to press the accelerator pedal to continue moving or to prevent Model S from moving in the opposite direction.

Warning: Never rely on CREEP to apply enough torque to prevent your vehicle from rolling down a hill. Always press the brake pedal to remain stopped or the accelerator pedal to proceed up the hill. Failure to do so can result in property

• HOLD: Maximizes range and reduces

• ROLL: When close to, or at, a complete

68 Model S Owner's Manual

damage and/or a collision.

brake wear by continuing to provide regenerative braking at speeds lower than with the Creep and Roll settings. When Model S stops, the brakes are automatically applied without you having to put your foot on the brake pedal. Whether stopped on a ﬂat surface or a hill, Vehicle Hold keeps the brake applied, provided your foot remains o the accelerator and brake pedals. See Vehicle

Hold on page 73.

Warning: Never rely on HOLD to adequately decelerate or fully stop your vehicle. Many factors can contribute to a longer stopping distance, including downward slopes, the low regenerative braking setting, and reduced or limited regenerative braking (see Regenerative Braking on page 67). Always be prepared to use the brake pedal to adequately decelerate or stop.

stop, Model S becomes free rolling like a vehicle in Neutral. Therefore, if stopped on a slope, Model S will roll downward. The brake does not engage, and the motor does not apply torque (until the accelerator pedal is pressed).

Note: If you choose CREEP or ROLL, you can still use Vehicle Hold to apply the brakes. However, you will need to brieﬂy press the brake pedal when the vehicle is stopped. See Vehicle Hold on page 73.

Warning: moves when unsafe to do so. It is your responsibility to stay alert and be in control of the vehicle at all times. Failure

Press the brake pedal if Model S

to do so can result in serious damage, injury, or death.

Warning: Do not rely on regenerative braking and your chosen Stopping Mode to keep you and your vehicle safe. Various factors such as driving with a heavy vehicle load, on a steep hill, or on wet or icy roads aect deceleration rate and the distance at which Model S will come to a stop. Drive attentively and always stay prepared to use the brake pedal to stop as appropriate based on trac and road conditions.

Warning: Forward Collision Warning and Automatic Emergency Braking do not operate when driving at very low speeds (see Collision Avoidance Assist on page

113). Do not rely on these features to warn you, or to prevent or reduce the impact of a collision.

Note: Your chosen setting is retained in your Driver Proﬁle until you manually change it.

Parking Brake

The parking brake automatically engages when you shift Model S into Park, and releases when you shift into any other gear.

Note: The parking brake operates on the rear wheels only, and is independent of the pedaloperated brake system.

Warning: rear wheels may not have sucient traction to prevent Model S from sliding down a slope, particularly if not using winter tires. Avoid parking on hills in snowy or icy conditions. You are always responsible for parking safely.

Warning: Your Model S may display an alert if the road is too steep to safely park on, or if the parking brakes are not properly engaged. These alerts are for guidance purposes only and are not a substitute for the driver’s judgment of safe parking conditions, including speciﬁc road or weather conditions. Do not depend on these alerts to determine whether or not it is safe to park at any location. You are always responsible for parking safely.

In snowy or icy conditions the

Page 70

Use the touchscreen to manually release the parking brake (which also shifts Model S into Neutral):

1. Touch Controls > Safety & Security.

2. Press the brake pedal, then touch Parking Brake. If Model S was previously in Park, it shifts into Neutral.

When you use the touchscreen to manually apply the parking brake, the red parking brake indicator lights up on the instrument panel.

If the parking brake experiences an electrical issue, the amber parking brake indicator lights up and a fault message displays at the top of the instrument panel.

Caution: In the unlikely event that Model S loses electrical power, you cannot access the touchscreen and are therefore unable to release the parking brake. Contact Tesla.

Brake Wear

Model S brake pads are equipped with wear indicators. A wear indicator is a thin metal strip attached to the brake pad that squeals as it rubs against the rotor when the pad wears down. This squealing sound indicates that the brake pads have reached the end of their service life and require replacement. To replace the brake pads, contact Tesla Service.

Brakes must be periodically inspected visually by removing the tire and wheel. For detailed speciﬁcations and service limits for rotors and brake pads, see Subsystems on page 194. Additionally, Tesla recommends cleaning and lubricating the brake calipers every year or 12,500 miles (20,000 km) if in an area where roads are salted during winter months.

Warning: brake pads damages the braking system and can result in a braking hazard.

Neglecting to replace worn

Braking and Stopping

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Traction Control

How It Works

The traction control system constantly monitors the speed of the front and rear wheels. If Model S experiences a loss of traction, the system minimizes wheel spin by controlling brake pressure and motor power. By default, the traction control system is on. Under normal conditions, it should remain on to ensure maximum safety.

This yellow indicator ﬂashes on the instrument panel whenever the traction control system is actively controlling brake pressure and motor power to minimize wheel spin. If the indicator stays on, a fault is detected with the traction control system. Contact Tesla Service.

Warning: Traction control cannot prevent collisions caused by driving dangerously or turning too sharply at high speeds.

Allowing Wheel Slip

To allow the wheels to spin at a limited speed, you can enable Slip Start. Slip Start can be enabled only when Model S is moving 30 mph (48 km/h) or slower. Slip Start automatically disables when the speed exceeds 50 mph (80 km/h).

Under normal conditions, Slip Start should not be enabled. Enable it only in circumstances where you deliberately want the wheels to spin, such as:

• Starting on a loose surface, such as gravel or snow.

• Driving in deep snow, sand or mud.

• Rocking out of a hole or deep rut.

To allow the wheels to spin, touch Controls > Driving > Traction Control > Slip Start.

The instrument panel displays an alert message when Slip Start is enabled.

Although Slip Start is automatically disabled the next time you start Model S, it is strongly recommended that you disable it immediately after the circumstances that required you to enable it have passed.

Note: Slip Start cannot be enabled when you are actively using Trac-Aware Cruise Control.

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Park Assist

How Park Assist Works

Model S has several sensors designed to detect the presence of objects. When driving slowly in Drive or Reverse (for example, when parking), the sensors alert you if an object is detected in close proximity of your Model S. Objects are only detected in the direction of the gear you selected; front objects in Drive, rear objects in Reverse.

Warning: You may not be alerted if Model S rolls freely in the opposite direction of the gear you selected (for example, you will not receive an alert if Model S rolls backwards down a hill while in Drive).

The sensors are activated when driving slower than 5 mph (8 km/h).

Warning: inform you if an area you are approaching is free of objects and/or people. Several external factors can reduce the performance of Park Assist, causing

Never depend on Park Assist to

Park Assist

either no readings or false readings (see

Limitations and False Warnings on page

72). Therefore, depending on Park Assist to determine if Model S is approaching an obstruction can result in damage to the vehicle and/or objects, and can potentially cause serious injury. Always inspect the area with your own eyes. When reversing, perform shoulder checks and use all mirrors. Park assist does not detect children, pedestrians, bicyclists, animals, or objects that are moving, protruding, located too far above or below the sensors, or too close or too far from the sensors. Park Assist is for guidance purposes only and is not intended to replace your own direct visual checks. It is not a substitute for careful driving.

Visual and Audio Feedback

When you shift to Reverse, the Park Assist view displays on the left side of the instrument panel, showing objects that are in close proximity to the front and rear of Model S. This view closes when you shift into Drive unless an object is detected close to the front of Model S, in which case the Park Assist view closes automatically when your driving speed exceeds 5 mph (8 km/h). When reversing, visual feedback also displays on the touchscreen, immediately below the camera view (see Rear View Camera on page 79). You can manually close the park assist view on the touchscreen by touching the X in the upper corner.

When driving with the Camera app displayed on the touchscreen, you can switch to the Park Assist view when driving at speeds below 5 mph (8 km/h). Touch the button located in the upper left corner of the Camera app window. This is useful if you need assistance with parallel parking.

If chimes are turned on (see Controlling

Audible Feedback on page 72), an audible

beep sounds as you approach an object. You can temporarily mute the chime by pressing the scroll button on the left side of the steering wheel or by touching the mute button on the bottom left corner of the Park Assist view.

Note: If a sensor is unable to provide feedback, the instrument panel displays an alert message.

Caution: debris, snow, and ice. Avoid using a high

Keep sensors clean from dirt,

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Park Assist

pressure power washer on the sensors and do not clean a sensor with a sharp or abrasive object that can scratch or damage its surface.

Caution: Do not install accessories or stickers on or near the parking sensors.

Controlling Audible Feedback

You can use Park Assist with or without audible feedback. To turn chimes on or o, touch Controls > Safety & Security > Park Assist Chimes.

To mute the chimes temporarily, press the scroll button on the left side of the steering wheel or touch the mute button in the corner of the Park Assist view. The chimes are muted until you shift into a dierent gear or drive over 5 mph (8 km/h).

Limitations and False Warnings

The parking sensors may not function correctly in these situations:

• One or more of the parking sensors is damaged, dirty, or covered (such as mud, ice, or snow).

• The object is located below approximately 8 inches (20 cm) (such as a curb or low barrier).

Caution: detected (such as curbs or low barriers) can move into the blind spot of the sensors. Model S cannot alert you about an object while it is in the blind spot of the sensors.

• Weather conditions (heavy rain, snow, or fog) are interfering with sensor operation.

• The object is thin (such as a sign post).

• A sensor’s operating range has been exceeded.

• The object is sound-absorbing or soft (such as powder snow).

• The object is sloped (such as a sloped embankment).

• Model S has been parked in, or being driven in, extremely hot or cold temperatures.

• The sensors are aected by other electrical equipment or devices that generate ultrasonic waves.

• You are driving in a location where the sensors' ultrasonic waves are deﬂected away from the vehicle (such as driving next to a wall or pillar).

Shorter objects that are

• The object is located too close to the bumper.

• A bumper is misaligned or damaged.

• An object that is mounted to Model S is interfering with and/or obstructing the sensor (such as a bike rack or bumper sticker).

• Model S rolls freely in the opposite direction of the gear you selected (for example, you will not receive an alert if Model S rolls backwards down a hill while in Drive).

Other Parking Aids

In addition to Park Assist, when shifted into Reverse, the backup camera displays a view of the area behind Model S (see Rear View

Camera on page 79).

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Vehicle Hold

When Model S is stopped, Vehicle Hold can continue to apply the brakes even after you remove your foot from the brake pedal. When driving on a hill or on a ﬂat surface, brake as you normally would. After coming to a complete stop, simply press the brake pedal again (until the instrument panel displays the Vehicle Hold indicator light) to enable Vehicle Hold. You can then release the brake pedal and remain stopped, even on a hill.

This indicator displays on the instrument panel whenever Vehicle Hold is actively braking Model S.

To disengage Vehicle Hold, press the accelerator pedal or press and release the brake pedal.

Note: Shifting into Neutral also disengages Vehicle Hold.

Note: After actively braking Model S for approximately ten minutes, Model S shifts into Park and Vehicle Hold cancels. Model S also shifts into Park if it detects that the driver has left the vehicle.

Note: When Stopping Mode is set to Hold (see

Stopping Mode on page 67), Vehicle Hold

engages automatically whenever Model S stops while in a driving gear. There is no need to press the brake to engage it.

Vehicle Hold

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Acceleration Modes

The acceleration settings available on your Model S vary depending on date of manufacture and options chosen at time of purchase:

• Chill: limits acceleration for a smooth and gentle ride (available on all vehicles equipped with Autopilot hardware).

• Standard: provides the normal level of acceleration (available on nonPerformance All-Wheel Drive vehicles and Rear Wheel Drive Model S vehicles equipped with Autopilot hardware).

• Sport: provides the normal level of acceleration (available on Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicles).

• Insane: increases peak torque by approximately 30 percent (available on Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicles not equipped with the Ludicrous upgrade).

• Ludicrous: increases peak torque by approximately 60 percent (available on Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicles equipped with the Ludicrous upgrade).

• Insane+: increases peak torque by approximately 30 percent (available on Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicles not equipped with the Ludicrous upgrade) while also heating up the Battery to its ideal operating temperature to ensure access to 100% of available power. Before choosing this setting, read about Using

Insane+ or Ludicrous+ on page 74.

• Ludicrous+: increases peak torque by approximately 60 percent (available on Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicles equipped with the Ludicrous upgrade) while also immediately heating up the Battery to its ideal operating temperature to ensure access to 100% of available power. Before choosing this setting, read about Using Insane+ or Ludicrous+ on page 74.

Note: Although Chill does not directly improve driving range, using the increased torque and power available in Insane or Ludicrous mode can reduce range and eciency.

Note: When Chill is selected, Chill displays on the instrument panel above the driving speed.

In addition, a Performance All-Wheel Drive Model S also features Launch Mode to provide optimum acceleration on surfaces with good traction. For the speciﬁc driving instructions required to use Launch Mode, see Launch

Mode on page 75.

To choose an acceleration mode, touch Controls > Driving > Acceleration.

74 Model S Owner's Manual

Using Insane+ or Ludicrous+

If you choose Insane or Ludicrous, additional power is available immediately. However, to achieve the absolute maximum power (designed for short term use), you can choose Insane+ or Ludicrous+ to heat the Battery to its ideal operating temperature. This ensure access to 100% of available power.

While the battery is being heated, the touchscreen displays a status message providing you with an approximate wait time, and letting you know when the additional power is available. In addition to heating the Battery, Insane+ and Ludicrous+ modes strive to keep the Battery within an optimal temperature range. Therefore, under aggressive driving scenarios, you may also see the “Cooling” status for several minutes until temperatures fall. Model S stays in the chosen mode for three hours, even if you leave the vehicle. After three hours, the feature times out.

Note: Insane+ and Ludicrous+ are designed to achieve maximum performance for short term acceleration. These settings are not intended for daily driving. The tradeo for the additional power boost is extra energy consumption and earlier power fade on long drives. The Insane or Ludicrous acceleration settings provide a signiﬁcant increase in performance even without choosing the Insane+ or Ludicrous+ setting to achieve maximum Battery power. In fact, in normal driving situations, the additional power that can be achieved using Insane+ and Ludicrous+ may be unnoticeable.

Note: To support Insane+ or Ludicrous+, the charge level must be 20% or higher. You cannot initiate these settings if the charge level is less than 20%. In addition, these settings immediately cancel if at any time during use, the charge level drops below 20%.

When using Insane+ or Ludicrous+, Model S consumes more energy to keep the Battery within an optimal temperature range.

To cancel Insane+ or Ludicrous+ at any time, change the acceleration level to another setting. To prevent excess and potentially unnecessary energy consumption (for example, you leave the vehicle and forget to cancel Insane+ or Ludicrous+), these settings cancel automatically in three hours, regardless of whether you are still driving or have left the vehicle.

Note: Insane+ or Ludicrous+ strives to keep the Battery within an optimal temperature

Page 76

Acceleration Modes

range. In addition to heating the Battery, these settings also cool the battery when necessary (for example, while driving at high speeds, during rapid acceleration, driving for long periods, etc.).

Launch Mode

Launch Mode, available on Performance AllWheel Drive vehicles only, provides optimum acceleration on surfaces with good traction.

Note: Hard acceleration including, but not limited to, using launch mode, increases stress on the vehicle’s powertrain, and can cause premature wear and aging of various components. Model S constantly monitors powertrain fatigue and damage, and notiﬁes you if vehicle components need to be serviced.

Warning: Use Launch Mode only in appropriate locations where there is no cross trac or pedestrians present. Launch Mode is designed for use on closed circuit driving courses. It is the driver’s responsibility to ensure that driving style and acceleration do not endanger or inconvenience other road users.

To Activate Launch Mode

1. Ensure the brakes are slightly warm by driving for a few minutes and using the brakes a few times.

2. If equipped, set the air suspension to Low (see Air Suspension on page 146).

3. Set the acceleration level to Insane or Ludicrous and enable Max Battery Power.

Close the Max Battery Power popup window by touching the X in the upper left corner. Notice that the touchscreen now displays the estimated time for the Battery to achieve maximum power below the acceleration level setting. When the Battery preparation is complete, the estimated time changes to "READY!".

Note: There is no need to wait until Max Battery Power is in its READY state—you can use Launch immediately after enabling Max Battery Power. Although vehicle performance increases immediately after enabling Max Battery Power, maximum power is not achieved until the Battery is within the target temperature range and “READY!” is displayed.

Note: Heating the Battery can take over an hour, depending on environmental conditions, the starting temperature, and whether or not Model S is being driven.

5. With Model S shifted into Drive and at a complete stop with the steering wheel straight, fully press the brake pedal with your left foot.

6. While still pressing the brake with your left foot, fully press the accelerator pedal with your right foot, then release the accelerator pedal. The instrument panel displays a message indicating that Launch Mode is enabled.

7. Within eight seconds, fully press the accelerator pedal a second time to preload motor torque, then within four seconds, release the brake.

When you release the brake, Model S launches forward.

Note: Launch Mode is not available if Slip Start has been enabled (which allows the wheels to spin). See Traction Control on page 70.

Note: Launch Mode is available only if the ambient temperature is 37° F (3° C) or warmer.

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Trip Information

Displaying Trip Information

Trip information displays on the touchscreen when you touch Controls > Trips. For the current trip, you can display distance, duration and average energy usage. You can also show distance and total and average energy used since your last charge and for additional trips.

To name or rename a trip, touch the trip's name, enter a new name for the trip, then press Save. To reset a particular trip meter, touch its associated Reset button.

You can display information for up to three trips on the instrument panel. Use the checkboxes to specify the trip(s) you want to display. Then use the scroll bar on the steering wheel to display the chosen trip(s) (see Using

Left Steering Wheel Buttons on page 44 or Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page

45).

Odometer

To display the odometer, touch the Tesla “T” at the top center of the touchscreen.

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Getting Maximum Range

Driving Tips to Maximize Range

You can maximize your driving range using the same driving habits that you use to conserve fuel in a gasoline-powered vehicle. In addition to driving habits, energy consumption depends on environmental conditions (such as exceptionally cold or hot weather and driving on roads with steep hills). To get the maximum range from a charge:

• Slow down your driving and avoid frequent and rapid acceleration.

• If safe to do so, modulate the accelerator pedal instead of using the brake pedal when gradually slowing down. Whenever Model S is moving and you are not pressing the accelerator pedal, regenerative braking slows down Model S and feeds surplus energy back to the Battery (see Regenerative Braking on page 67).

• Set Stopping Mode to HOLD to gain the beneﬁt of regenerative braking at low driving speeds (see Stopping Mode on page 67).

• Keep tires at the recommended inﬂation pressures (see Tire Care and Maintenance on page 173).

• Lighten your load by removing any unnecessary cargo.

• Fully raise all windows.

• Limit the use of resources such as heating, lights, and air conditioning. Using seat heaters to keep warm is more ecient than heating the cabin.

• Turn on Range Mode (touch Controls > Driving > Range Mode). Range Mode automatically limits the amount of power that the climate control system uses to maintain the temperature the cabin area and limits the amount of energy being used to heat or cool the Battery. In addition, Range Mode turns o signature lights (only in market regions where daytime running lights are not required).

The power meter on the instrument panel and the Energy app provides feedback on energy usage. With this feedback, you can become familiar with how driving habits and environmental conditions impact how much energy Model S is using.

Energy App

Use the Energy app to view real-time and projected energy usage. Choose from two types of charts:

Getting Maximum Range

•

Consumption: display how much energy Model S has consumed over the past 5, 15 or 30 miles (10, 25 or 50 km).

Touch Instant Range or Average Range to adjust the projected range estimation. Instant Range uses only the latest few data points to estimate the projected range, whereas Average Range uses the past 5, 15 or 30 miles (10, 25 or 50 km) of energy consumption to provide a more accurate projected range.

• Trip: If your Model S is equipped with navigation, you can monitor the amount of energy being used while navigating to a destination. You can track actual usage against the initial prediction. The green line represents the actual usage whereas the gray line represents predicted usage. To change the zoom level, touch the zoom icon located in the top right corner of the chart.

Note: The Trip chart displays energy usage only if you are currently navigating to a destination.

Saving Energy

Model S has an energy-saving feature that reduces the amount of energy being consumed when Model S is not in use. On newer vehicles, this feature is automated to provide an optimal level of energy saving. However, on older vehicles, you can touch Controls > Display > Energy Saving and choose from the following options:

• OFF - Model S shifts to the energy-saving mode at night (10 pm to 5 am). Idle energy consumption may increase.

• ON - signiﬁcantly less energy is consumed whenever Model S is not in use. The startup time of the instrument panel and Bluetooth could be slower.

• Always Connected - preserves cell connectivity when energy saving is active. This allows the mobile app to connect to Model S quicker, and provides immediate internet access when entering the car. Slightly more energy is consumed.

Range Assurance

Model S helps protect you against running out of energy. Model S continuously monitors its energy level and proximity to known charging locations.

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Getting Maximum Range

Touch the map's charging icon to toggle between displaying superchargers only, and displaying all chargers, including destination chargers, and visited chargers.

When you are at risk of driving beyond the range of known charging locations, the touchscreen displays a message giving you the opportunity to display a list of charging locations that are within range. When you select a charging location from the list, Model S provides navigation instructions and the turn-by-turn direction list displays the predicted amount of energy that will remain when you arrive at the charging destination.

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Rear View Camera

Camera Location

Model S is equipped with a rear view camera located above the rear license plate.

Whenever you shift into Reverse, the touchscreen displays the view from the camera. Lines show your driving path based on the position of the steering wheel. These lines adjust appropriately as you move the steering wheel.

Note: Visual feedback from the parking sensors display on the instrument panel (see

Park Assist on page 71).

To display the view from the camera at any time:

Open the app launcher then touch the camera icon.

Rear View Camera

Caution: abrasive cleaners. Doing so can damage the surface of the camera lens.

Do not use chemical-based or

Warning: Never depend on the rear view camera to inform you if the area behind you is free of objects and/or people when reversing. The camera may not detect objects or barriers that can potentially cause damage or injury. In addition, several external factors can reduce the performance of the camera, including a dirty or obstructed lens. Therefore, depending on the rear view camera to determine if Model S is approaching an obstruction can result in damage to the vehicle and/or objects, and can potentially cause serious injury. Always inspect the area with your own eyes. When reversing, perform shoulder checks and use all mirrors. Use the camera for guidance purposes only. It is not intended to replace your own direct visual checks and is not a substitute for careful driving.

Cleaning the Camera

To ensure a clear picture, keep the camera lens clean, and free of obstructions. Remove any buildup of dirt by occasionally wiping the camera lens with a soft damp cloth.

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Dashcam

About Dashcam

Note: Dashcam is a BETA feature.

In addition to supporting Autopilot features, the cameras can record and store video footage on a USB ﬂash drive. This can be convenient in situations where you want a video recording of a particular incident, such as a collision. You can pause, resume, or save video recordings directly from your vehicle’s touchscreen.

Note: Dashcam only works when Model S is powered on (see Starting and Powering O on page 50). Dashcam does not record video when your vehicle is powered o.

Using Dashcam

Dashcam requires the use of a properly formatted USB ﬂash drive to store and retrieve footage (see USB Flash Drive Requirements

for Videos and Recording on page 150). Once

a properly formatted USB ﬂash drive has been inserted into one of your vehicle's front USB ports, a dashcam icon appears at the top of the touchscreen. Touch the dashcam icon to control dashcam:

RECORDING. Tap the dashcam icon, when dashcam is paused, to start recording video on the ﬂash drive.

PAUSED. Press and hold the dashcam icon, when recording, to pause recording. Ensure that dashcam is paused before removing the ﬂash drive to avoid losing camera footage.

SAVED. Tap the dashcam icon, when recording, to archive the most recent ten minutes of video. These saved video recordings are not overwritten by new recordings.

Note: Dashcam automatically begins recording when you insert a properly conﬁgured USB ﬂash drive into one of the front USB ports.

USB Flash Drive Requirements for Videos and Recording

Flash drives used to store video from your vehicle's cameras must meet these requirements:

• Use a

• The ﬂash drive must have a sustained

• The ﬂash drive must be USB 2.0

• Use a dedicated ﬂash drive exclusively for

• The ﬂash drive must be properly

Although not a comprehensive list, Tesla has

conﬁrmed through testing that the following ﬂash drives meet the requirements for

Dashcam and Sentry Mode use:

• SanDisk Ultra Fit USB 3.1 Flash Drive

• Samsung MUF-64AB/AM FIT Plus –

Formatting the USB Flash Drive

To correctly save and retrieve video footage, your vehicle requires a properly formatted USB ﬂash drive containing a base-level folder called “TeslaCam” (without quotation marks). In addition, the ﬂash drive must be formatted as FAT 32 (for Windows), MS-DOS FAT (for Mac), ext3, or ext4 in order to save videos. NTFS and exFAT are not currently supported.

For MacOS:

1. Insert the USB ﬂash drive into your

2. Navigate to Utilities > Disk Utility (or you

3. Select your ﬂash drive in the left menu.

4. Navigate to Erase in the top menu ribbon.

ﬂash drive with as much available storage as possible, since video footage takes up a large amount of space (Tesla recommends using a ﬂash drive with at least 32 GB of storage). Some personal computer operating systems may not be able to format ﬂash drives larger than 32 GB as FAT 32. Consider using a third party application to format ﬂash drives larger than 32 GB.

write speed of at least 4 MB/s. A sustained write speed is dierent from the peak write speed. Check the product details of your ﬂash drive for more information.

compatible. If using a USB 3.0 ﬂash drive, it must be able to support USB 2.0.

saving footage for your vehicle.

formatted (see Formatting the USB Flash

Drive on page 151).

200MB/s USB 3.1 Flash Drive

personal computer.

can conduct a Spotlight Search for this).

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Dashcam

5. In the pop-up menu, select the correct format (MS-DOS FAT) and click Erase.

Note: Selecting Erase completely erases all content on your ﬂash drive. If you have other content stored on the ﬂash drive, migrate it to a dierent device before erasing it.

6. Once the ﬂash drive is successfully erased, navigate to Finder and select your USB ﬂash drive from the left menu. The ﬂash drive should not contain any ﬁles.

7. Right-click in the empty space of the ﬂash drive and select New Folder. A folder appears in your ﬂash drive space.

8. Right-click on the folder, select Rename, and name the folder to “TeslaCam” (without quotation marks). Click "Save". This folder will contain all recent and saved clips from Sentry Mode and dashcam.

9. Properly eject the USB ﬂash drive from your personal computer.

For Windows:

1. Insert the USB ﬂash drive into your personal computer.

2. Navigate to File Explorer.

3. Right-click on your USB ﬂash drive and select "Format...".

4. In the pop-up menu, under the File System section, select “FAT 32”.

Note: You can also name your USB (under Volume Label) for easier recognition.

5. Check the “Quick format box” and click Start.

6. Go back to File Explorer, click on your ﬂash drive, and right-click to create a folder, or select “New Folder” in the top menu.

7. Name the folder “TeslaCam” (without quotation marks) and click "Save". This folder will contain all recent and saved clips from Sentry Mode and dashcam.

8. Properly eject the USB ﬂash drive from your personal computer.

Once you have created the “ in your USB ﬂash drive and ejected it from your personal computer, insert the ﬂash drive into one of the front USB ports in Model S. Do not use the rear USB ports, as they are solely meant for charging devices. It may take your vehicle up to 15 seconds to recognize the ﬂash drive. When recognized, icons for dashcam and Sentry Mode appear at the top of your touchscreen (note that you may need to enable to Sentry Mode by going to Controls > Safety & Security > Sentry Mode). Your vehicle is ready to record video.

Retrieving Footage

To retrieve video footage from the ﬂash drive, remove the ﬂash drive from the front USB port and use a personal computer or other device to access the ﬁles. Navigate to the “TeslaCam” folder on the ﬂash drive.

Within the “TeslaCam” folder, there are three sub-folders: Recent Clips, Saved Clips, and Sentry Clips. The footage in Recent Clips constantly loops in a 60-minute cycle when the cameras are activated. Therefore, the footage is constantly being overwritten every hour unless the footage is saved. When an event is recorded, one video is recorded for each of the front, rear (available on vehicles manufactured after approximately February

2018), left, and right cameras.

Saved footage is located in either the Saved Clips or Sentry Clips folder. Footage in the Saved Clips folder contains all saved recordings from dashcam, which have been manually saved by touching the dashcam icon on the touchscreen. Sentry Clips contains all saved footage from Sentry Mode events, which have been automatically saved when the Alert or Alarm state was triggered. Once footage of a particular event is saved, the latest 10 minutes of video is archived in your ﬂash drive labeled with a unique timestamp.

Note: As your USB ﬂash drive runs out of available space, the oldest footage in Sentry Clips are deleted to make room for new footage. Once the old footage is deleted, you will be unable to retrieve them. When the ﬂash drive is full, Sentry Mode and dashcam can no longer save video footage.

Note: To prevent the ﬂash drive from getting full, move saved videos to another device as soon as possible.

Note: You are responsible for complying with all local laws, regulations, and property restrictions regarding video recordings.

TeslaCam” folder

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Dashcam

Note: The cameras do not record audio.

Save Clips on Honk

Once a properly formatted USB ﬂash drive is inserted in one of the vehicle's front USB ports, you can choose to save dashcam clips while driving when you honk the horn on your steering wheel. Navigate to Controls > Safety and Security > Save Clips on Honk > ON to enable. The most recent ten minutes of footage is saved. You can also save dashcam footage by touching the dashcam icon at the top of the touchscreen.

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Cold Weather Best Practices

The following best practices can help ensure that you have the best ownership experience possible in harsh cold weather conditions.

Before Driving

Warm the cabin and Battery ahead of departure for maximum range and performance. There are several ways to precondition your vehicle:

• Mobile app preconditioning: On the mobile app, navigate to Climate > Turn On and customize the temperature at which you want to heat the cabin, which also warms the Battery as needed (see Mobile

on page 159).

App

• Mobile app defrost: On the mobile app, navigate to Climate > Defrost to melt snow, ice, and frost on the windshields, driver and passenger windows, mirrors, and charge port. The Battery will also warm as needed.

Note: Tesla recommends activating the climate settings at least 30-45 minutes before departure (see page 128). Preconditioning times depend on outside temperature and other factors.

• Scheduled Departure: Use to preset a time at which you want your vehicle to be ready to drive (see Scheduled Charging

and Scheduled Departure on page 167).

When snow and ice accumulate on your vehicle, moving parts, such as the door handles, windows, mirrors, and wipers can freeze in place.

Windows

• On the mobile app, navigate to Climate >

• Use the mobile app to schedule a service

as mentioned previously.

Defrost

appointment where Tesla can provide hydrophobic coating to your windows for a nominal fee.

Climate Controls on

Mirrors

If ice buildup is expected when parking, turn o

Auto-Fold Mirrors by navigating to Controls > Vehicle > Mirror Auto-Fold > ON. Ice can prevent exterior side mirrors from folding or unfolding.

Wipers

If snow or ice buildup is expected when parking, navigate to Controls > Service > Wiper Service Mode > ON. This raises your wipers so they are against the windshield and they can defrost while the windshield defrosts (see Wipers and Washers on page 64).

Winter Tires and Tire Chains

• Use winter tires to increase traction in

snowy or icy conditions. You can purchase winter tires on http://www.tesla.com (see

Seasonal Tire Types

• Tire chains provide additional traction

when driving in snowy or icy conditions. Check your local regulations to see if tire chains are recommended or required during winter months. See

Chains on page 178 for more information.

on page 178).

Using Tire

While Driving

Cold weather can increase energy consumption because more power is required for driving, cabin and Battery heating. Follow these suggestions to reduce energy consumption:

• Using the seat heaters to keep warm is

more ecient than using climate controls. Lowering the cabin temperature and using seat heaters will reduce energy consumption (see page 128).

• Slow down your driving and avoid

frequent and rapid acceleration.

• Turn on Range Mode to automatically limit

the power that the climate control system uses to maintain the temperature of the Battery and the cabin area. Range Mode also turns equipped) and adjusts the front and rear motor torque split to maximize range (see

Getting Maximum Range

Climate Controls on

o signature lights (if

on page 77).

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Cold Weather Best Practices

Regenerative Braking

Regenerative braking may be limited if the Battery is too cold. As you continue to drive, the Battery warms up and regenerative power increases (see Regenerative Braking on page

67).

Note: Limited regenerative braking can be avoided if you allow enough time to precondition your vehicle or use scheduled departure before your drive, as mentioned previously.

Blue Snowﬂake Icon

A blue snowﬂake icon appears on your instrument panel when some of the stored energy in the Battery may not be available due to cold Battery temperature. This portion of unavailable energy displays in blue on the Battery meter. Regenerative braking, acceleration, and charging rates may be limited. The snowﬂake icon no longer displays when the Battery is suciently warmed.

Warming the Battery Before Supercharging

If you are using Trip Planner (see Trip Planner on page 138) and navigate to a Supercharger station, your vehicle will allocate energy to pre-heat the Battery in cold weather. This ensures you arrive at the Supercharger with an optimal Battery temperature, reducing the amount of time it takes to charge.

Autopilot

To ensure optimal Autopilot performance, keep the sensors and radar free of snow, ice, mud, and dirt (see About Autopilot on page

85).

After Driving

Leave Model S plugged in when not in use. This uses the charging system, rather than the Battery itself, to keep your Battery warm (see

Battery Information on page 162).

Scheduled Departure

When parked, plug in Model S and set a time at which you want your vehicle to be ready to drive. Your vehicle determines the appropriate time to begin charging so that charging is complete and the cabin and Battery are warm by your set departure time. See Scheduled

Charging and Scheduled Departure on page

167 for more information.

Charge Port

• If your charge port latch freezes in place and a charging cable becomes stuck in the charge port, try manually releasing the charge cable. See Manually Releasing

Charge Cable on page 165.

• Use the mobile app to precondition your vehicle on HI to help thaw ice on the charge port latch so that the charge cable can be removed or inserted (see Mobile

App on page 159).

Note: If your charge port latch is frozen in place, it may not lock the charging cable in place when inserted, but it is still able to AC charge at a slower rate even if the latch is not engaged.

Storage

If you leave Model S parked for an extended period of time, plug it into a charger to prevent normal range loss and maintain the Battery at an optimal temperature. Your vehicle is safe to say plugged in for any length of time.

When not in use, Model S automatically enters a sleep mode to conserve range and energy. Reduce the number of times you check your vehicle’s status on the mobile app, as this automatically wakes up your vehicle and starts normal energy consumption.

Note: See Wipers on page 83 and Mirrors on page 83 for more information on preventing ice buildup when parking your vehicle.

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About Autopilot

Autopilot

About Autopilot

How It Works

Your Model S includes the following Autopilot components that actively monitor the surrounding roadway:

1. A camera is mounted above the rear license plate.

2. Ultrasonic sensors are located in the front and rear bumpers.

3. A camera is mounted in each door pillar.

4. Three cameras are mounted to the windshield above the rear view mirror.

5. A camera is mounted to each front fender.

6. Radar is mounted behind the front bumper.

Model S is also equipped with high precision electronically-assisted braking and steering systems.

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About Autopilot

Features

These safety features are available on all Model S equipped with Autopilot components:

• Lane Assist (see Lane Assist on page

110).

• Collision Avoidance Assist (see Collision

Avoidance Assist on page 113).

• Speed Assist (see Speed Assist on page

116).

• Auto High Beam (see High Beam

Headlights on page 56).

These Autopilot convenience features are designed to reduce driver workload:

• Trac-Aware Cruise Control (see Trac-

Aware Cruise Control on page 88)

• Autosteer (see Autosteer on page 95)

• Auto Lane Change (see Auto Lane

Change on page 97)

• Autopark (see Autopark on page 102)

• Summon (see Summon on page 104)

• Smart Summon (Smart Summon on page

107)

• Navigate on Autopilot (see Navigate on

Autopilot on page 98)

• Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning (see

Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning (U.S. only) on page 98

Note: Depending on market region, options purchased, and software version, your vehicle may not be equipped with all Autopilot features.

You can enable/disable some of these features and in some cases, control how they work. To access settings, touch Controls > Autopilot.

Drive to Calibrate Cameras

Model S must maneuver with a great deal of precision when Autopilot features are being used. Therefore, before some features (for example, Trac-Aware Cruise Control or Autosteer) can be used for the ﬁrst time or after certain Service repairs, the cameras must complete a self-calibration process. For your convenience, a progress indicator is displayed on the instrument panel.

86 Model S Owner's Manual

Calibration typically completes after driving 20-25 miles (32-40 km), but the distance varies depending on road and environmental conditions. Driving on a straight road with highly-visible lane lines allows Model S to calibrate quicker. When calibration is complete, the Autopilot features are available for use. Contact Tesla only if your Model S has not completed the calibration process after driving 100 miles (160 km).

Note: If you attempt to use a feature that is not available until the calibration process is complete, the feature will not be enabled and the instrument panel displays a message.

Note: Model S must repeat the calibration process if the cameras are serviced by Tesla, and in some cases, after a software update.

Note: The self-calibration drive process is only applicable to Model S vehicles built after approximately October 12, 2016.

Limitations

Many factors can impact the performance of Autopilot components, causing them to be unable to function as intended. These include (but are not limited to):

• Poor visibility (due to heavy rain, snow, fog, etc.).

• Bright light (due to oncoming headlights, direct sunlight, etc.).

• Damage or obstructions caused by mud, ice, snow, etc.

• Interference or obstruction by object(s) mounted onto the vehicle (such as a bike rack).

• Obstruction caused by applying excessive paint or adhesive products (such as wraps, stickers, rubber coating, etc.) onto the vehicle.

• Narrow or winding roads.

• A damaged or misaligned bumper.

• Interference from other equipment that generates ultrasonic waves.

• Extremely hot or cold temperatures.

Warning: T represent an exhaustive list of situations that may interfere with proper operation of Autopilot components. Never depend on these components to keep you safe. It is the driver's responsibility to stay alert, drive safely, and be in control of the vehicle at all times.

Caution: If a windshield r needed, take your vehicle to Tesla

he list above does not

eplacement is

Page 88

Service. This will ensure appropriate handling and mounting of the camera(s). Failure to do so can cause one or more Autopilot features to malfunction.

Cleaning Cameras and Sensors

To ensure the various Autopilot components can provide information that is as accurate as possible, keep them clean and free of obstructions or damage. Occasionally remove any buildup of dirt by wiping the components with a soft cloth dampened with warm water.

Caution: Do not use chemical-based or abrasive cleaners. Doing so can damage surfaces.

Caution: Avoid using a high-pressure power washer.

Caution: Do not clean an ultrasonic sensor or camera lens with a sharp or abrasive object that can scratch or damage its surface.

About Autopilot

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Trac-Aware Cruise Control

Note: Trac-Aware Cruise Control is a BETA feature.

Note: If your vehicle is not equipped with an optional Autopilot package, refer to the owner's manual on your vehicle's touchscreen for instructions on how to use Cruise Control.

Trac-Aware Cruise Control (if equipped) uses the forward looking cameras and the radar sensor to determine when there is a vehicle in front of you in the same lane. If the area in front of Model S is clear, Trac-Aware Cruise Control maintains a set driving speed. When a vehicle is detected, Trac-Aware Cruise Control is designed to slow down Model S as needed to maintain a selected time-based distance from the vehicle in front, up to the set speed. Trac-Aware Cruise Control does not eliminate the need to watch the road in front of you and to manually apply the brakes when needed.

Trac-Aware Cruise Control is primarily intended for driving on dry, straight roads, such as highways and freeways. It should not be used on city streets.

Warning: Trac-Aware Cruise Control is designed for your driving comfort and convenience and is not a collision warning or avoidance system. It is your responsibility to stay alert, drive safely, and be in control of the vehicle at all times. Never depend on Trac-Aware Cruise Control to adequately slow down Model S. Always watch the road in front of you and be prepared to take corrective action at all times. Failure to do so can result in serious injury or death.

Warning: Although Trac-Aware Cruise Control is capable of detecting pedestrians and cyclists, never depend on Trac-Aware Cruise Control to adequately slow Model S down for them. Always watch the road in front of you and be prepared to take corrective action at all times. Failure to do so can result in serious injury or death.

Warning: Do not use Trac-Aware Cruise Control on city streets or on roads where trac conditions are constantly changing.

Warning: Do not use Trac-Aware Cruise Control on winding roads with sharp curves, on icy or slippery road surfaces, or when weather conditions (such as heavy rain, snow, fog, etc.) make it inappropriate to drive at a consistent speed. Trac-Aware Cruise Control does

not adapt driving speed based on road and driving conditions.

To Use Trac-Aware Cruise Control

To use Trac-Aware Cruise Control, you must be driving at least 18 mph (30 km/h), unless a vehicle is detected ahead of you. If a vehicle is detected ahead of you, you can use Trac- Aware Cruise Control at any speed, even when stationary, provided Model S is at least 5 feet (150 cm) behind the detected vehicle.

When Trac-Aware Cruise Control is available but is not actively cruising at a speciﬁed set speed, the instrument panel displays a gray speedometer icon on the left side of your current driving speed. The number shown in gray is the speed limit that is being determined by Speed Assist (see Controlling Speed Assist on page 116).

Note:

On roads where the map data determines that a conditional speed limit exists (for example, a speed limit based on time of day or weather conditions), a second speed limit displays below the ﬁrst speed limit. It is the driver's responsibility to determine whether the conditional speed limit is currently in eect and adjust the driving speed accordingly.

Set the Cruising Speed

You can set the cruising speed to either:

• Your current driving speed. The minimum

speed you can set is 18 mph (30 km/h) and the maximum is 90 mph (150 km/h). It is the driver's responsibility to cruise at a safe speed based on road conditions and speed limits.

• The speed limit, plus any oset you have

speciﬁed (see Speed Assist on page 116).

To set the cruising speed to your current driving speed, move the cruise control lever up or down.

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Trac-Aware Cruise Control

control lever again to cruise at the new speed limit. You can also manually adjust your cruising speed at any time (see

Changing the Set Speed on page 90).

Warning: Do not rely on Trac-Aware Cruise Control or Speed Assist to determine an accurate or appropriate cruising speed. Always cruise at a safe speed based on road conditions and applicable speed limits.

Cruising at the Set Speed

To set the cruising speed to the speed limit plus any oset you've speciﬁed using Speed Assist, pull the cruise control lever toward you. If you are already driving faster than the speed limit, the set speed does not adjust to the speed limit—it adjusts to your current driving speed. If you move the cruise control level up or down after setting Trac-Aware Cruise Control to cruise at the speed limit, your set speed becomes your current driving speed.

After setting the cruising speed, release the accelerator pedal to allow Trac-Aware Cruise Control to maintain your set speed.

When the cruising speed is set, the speedometer icon on the instrument panel turns blue and displays the set speed.

Note: Double-pulling the cruise control lever toward you engages Autosteer (assuming it has been enabled as described in Autosteer on page 95). In this case, if you are not already cruising at a set speed, the cruising speed is set to either your current driving speed or the speed limit (plus any speciﬁed oset), whichever is greater.

Warning: speed based on the speed limit, the set speed does not change when the speed limit changes. You must pull the cruise

Autopilot 89

When you adjust the cruising

Trac-Aware Cruise Control maintains your set cruising speed whenever a vehicle is not detected in front of Model S. When cruising behind a detected vehicle, Trac-Aware Cruise Control accelerates and decelerates Model S as needed to maintain a chosen following distance (see Adjust the Following

Distance on page 91), up to the set speed.

Trac-Aware Cruise Control also adjusts the cruising speed when entering and exiting curves.

You can manually accelerate at any time when cruising at a set speed, but when you release the accelerator, Trac-Aware Cruise Control resumes cruising at the set speed.

Note: When Trac-Aware Cruise Control is actively slowing down Model S to maintain the selected distance from the vehicle ahead, brake lights turn on to alert other road users that you are slowing down. You may notice slight movement of the brake pedal. However, when Trac-Aware Cruise Control is accelerating Model S, the accelerator pedal does not move.

Warning: may occasionally cause Model S to brake when not required or when you are not expecting it. This can be caused by closely following a vehicle ahead, detecting vehicles or objects in adjacent lanes (especially on curves), etc.

Warning: Due to limitations inherent in the onboard GPS (Global Positioning System), you may experience situations in which Trac-Aware Cruise Control slows down the vehicle, especially near highway exits where a curve is detected and/or you are actively navigating to a destination and not following the route.

Warning: Trac-Aware Cruise Control cannot detect all objects and, especially in situations when you are driving over 50 mph (80 km/h), may not brake/

Trac-Aware Cruise Control

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Trac-Aware Cruise Control

decelerate when a vehicle or object is only partially in the driving lane or when a vehicle you are following moves out of your driving path and a stationary or slow-moving vehicle or object is in front of you. Always pay attention to the road ahead and stay prepared to take immediate corrective action. Depending on Trac-Aware Cruise Control to avoid a collision can result in serious injury or death. In addition, Trac-Aware Cruise Control may react to vehicles or objects that either do not exist or are not in the lane of travel, causing Model S to slow down unnecessarily or inappropriately.

Warning: Trac-Aware Cruise Control may be unable to provide adequate speed control because of limited braking capability and hills. It can also misjudge the distance from a vehicle ahead. Driving downhill can increase driving speed, causing Model S to exceed your set speed (and potentially the road's speed limit). Never depend on Trac-Aware Cruise Control to slow down the vehicle enough to prevent a collision. Always keep your eyes on the road when driving and be prepared to take corrective action as needed. Depending on Trac-Aware Cruise Control to slow the vehicle down enough to prevent a collision can result in serious injury or death.

Changing the Set Speed

To change the set speed while using Trac- Aware Cruise Control, move the cruise control lever up (increase) or down (decrease) until your desired set speed is displayed.

To increase/decrease speed by 1 mph (1 km/h), move the lever up or down to the ﬁrst position and release. To increase/decrease speed to the closest 5 mph (5 km/h) increment, move the lever up/down to the second position and release. For example, if you are traveling at 57 mph and you move the lever up to the second position and release, the speed increases to 60 mph. You can also increase/decrease speed by holding the lever in the full up/down position and releasing when the desired speed displays below the cruise control icon.

Note: It may take a few seconds for Model S to reach the new cruising speed, assuming Model S does not detect a vehicle ahead driving slower than your set speed.

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Trac-Aware Cruise Control

HOLD State

When following a vehicle, Trac-Aware Cruise Control remains active at low speeds, even when Model S comes to a full stop. When the vehicle is moving again, Trac-Aware Cruise Control resumes operating at the set speed. However, under the following circumstances, Trac-Aware Cruise Control goes into a HOLD state, in which case, you need to brieﬂy press the accelerator pedal or pull the cruise control lever toward you (see Canceling and

Resuming on page 92) to resume cruising.

When the HOLD status is active, the instrument panel displays the HOLD icon and a message that indicates that you need to resume cruise control. The following circumstances can cause Trac-Aware Cruise Control to go into the HOLD state:

• Model S has been at a standstill for 5 minutes.

• Model S detects a pedestrian (the HOLD state may clear when the pedestrian is no longer detected).

• Model S suddenly loses visibility of the vehicle in front of you.

• The ultrasonic sensors detect an obstacle in front of Model S.

Cruising Near or On Freeway Exits

When cruising near an exit on a controlled access road (such as a highway or freeway) and engaging the turn signal toward the exit, Trac-Aware Cruise Control assumes you are exiting and begins to slow down the vehicle. If you do not drive onto the exit, Trac-Aware Cruise Control resumes cruising at the set speed. In a region with right hand trac, this occurs only when you engage the right turn signal when driving in the right-most lane within 164 feet (50 meters) of an exit. Likewise in regions with left hand trac; when engaging the left turn signal when driving in the left-most lane within 164 feet (50 meters) of an exit.

Note: The onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) determines if you are driving in a region with right or left hand trac. In situations where GPS data is unavailable (for example, if there is inadequate signal), engaging the turn signal near an exit does not cause Trac- Aware Cruise Control to slow down Model S.

When enabled while on a highway interchange or o-ramp, Trac-Aware Cruise Control may reduce your set speed in 5 mph (5 km/h) increments – to as slow as 25 mph (40 km/h) – to better match the reported speeds of other Tesla vehicles that have driven at that speciﬁc location. To override this and continue cruising at your set speed, tap the accelerator pedal or move the cruise stalk. The new set speed is maintained for the duration of the interchange or o-ramp (unless you override it or cancel Trac-Aware Cruise Control). After the interchange or o-ramp, the set speed may revert or change as necessary based on the new location. For example, if you merged onto a dierent highway, the set speed reverts back to the set speed that was in use before driving on the interchange.

Warning: In some cases (such as ha insucient data), Trac-Aware Cruise Control may not automatically reduce the set speed on the highway interchange or o-ramp. Do not rely on Trac-Aware Cruise Control to determine an appropriate driving speed. Tesla recommends driving at a speed that is safe for road conditions and within posted speed limits.

ving

Adjust the Following Distance

To adjust the following distance you want to maintain between Model S and a vehicle traveling ahead of you, rotate the cruise control lever to choose a setting from 1 (the closest following distance) to 7 (the longest following distance). Each setting corresponds to a time-based distance that represents how long it takes for Model S, from its current location, to reach the location of the rear bumper of the vehicle ahead of you.

As you rotate the cruise control lever, the ins

trument panel displays the current setting. Release the lever when the desired setting is displayed.

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Trac-Aware Cruise Control

Note: Your setting is retained until you manually change it.

Warning: It is the driver's responsibility to determine and maintain a safe following distance at all times. Do not rely on Trac-Aware Cruise Control to maintain an accurate or appropriate following distance.

Warning: Never depend on Trac-Aware Cruise Control to adequately slow down Model S to avoid a collision. Always watch the road in front of you and stay prepared to take immediate corrective action.

Overtake Acceleration

When following a vehicle with Trac-Aware Cruise Control active, brieﬂy engaging the turn signal (to indicate a move into the passing lane) accelerates Model S towards the vehicle ahead. By momentarily holding the turn signal lever up or down, you can quickly accelerate up to your set speed without having to press the accelerator pedal. The turn signal causes acceleration only when all of the following conditions are met:

• Trac-Aware Cruise Control is operating and detects a vehicle in front of you.

• No obstacles or vehicles are detected in the target lane.

• Model S is traveling below the set speed, but over 45 mph (72 km/h).

Overtake Acceleration is intended as an aid when passing a vehicle ahead of you. When the turn signal is engaged, Trac-Aware Cruise Control continues to maintain distance from the vehicle ahead, but allows you to drive slightly closer than your selected distance.

Acceleration cancels when one of the conditions happen:

• You reach your set cruising speed.

• Changing lanes takes too long.

• Model S gets too close to the vehicle ahead.

• You disengage the turn signal.

Note:

Overtake Acceleration occurs when you either fully engage the turn signal, or you hold the turn signal in the momentary position (partially engaged). When you release or disengage the turn signal, Model S stops accelerating (in the same way as when you release the accelerator pedal) and resumes the set speed.

Warning: Overtake Acceleration can cancel for many unforeseen reasons in addition to those listed above (for example, lack of GPS data). Stay alert and never depend on Overtake Acceleration to increase your driving speed.

Warning: Overtake Acceleration increases your driving speed whenever the appropriate turn signal is engaged, and accelerates Model S closer to the vehicle ahead. Although Trac-Aware Cruise Control continues to maintain distance from the vehicle ahead, it is important to be aware that your selected following distance is reduced when Overtake Acceleration is active, particularly in cases where it may not be your intention to overtake the vehicle you are following.

Canceling and Resuming

To manually cancel Trac-Aware Cruise Control, brieﬂy push the cruise control lever away from you or press the brake pedal. The speedometer icon on the instrument panel turns gray to indicate that Trac-Aware Cruise Control is no longer active.

To resume cruising at the previously set speed, brieﬂy pull the cruise control lever toward you.

92 Model S Owner's Manual

Page 94

To resume cruising at the current driving speed, move the cruise control lever up or down, then release.

Note: When Trac-Aware Cruise Control cancels, Model S does not coast. Instead, regenerative braking slows down Model S in the same way as when you move your foot o the accelerator when driving without Trac- Aware Cruise Control (see Regenerative

Braking on page 67).

Warning: cancels, or may not be available, in the following situations:

• You press the brake pedal.

• Your driving speed exceeds the

• You shift Model S into a dierent

• A door is opened.

• The view from the radar sensor or

• The traction control setting is

• The wheels are spinning while at a

Trac-Aware Cruise Control

maximum cruising speed of 90 mph (150 km/h).

gear.

camera(s) is obstructed. This could be caused by dirt, mud, ice, snow, fog, etc.

manually disabled or is repeatedly engaging to prevent wheels from slipping.

standstill.

Trac-Aware Cruise Control

• The Trac-Aware Cruise Control system is failing or requires service.

When Trac-Aware Cruise Control is unavailable or cancels, Model S no longer drives consistently at a set speed and no longer maintains a speciﬁed distance from the vehicle ahead.

Warning: Trac-Aware Cruise Control can cancel unexpectedly at any time for unforeseen reasons. Always watch the road in front of you and stay prepared to take appropriate action. It is the driver's responsibility to be in control of Model S at all times.

Summary of Cruise Indicators

Trac-Aware Cruise Control is available but is not actively controlling your speed until you activate it. The number shown in gray is determined by Speed Assist (see Controlling Speed Assist on page 116).

Trac-Aware Cruise Control is operating and is either maintaining the set speed (no vehicle in front) or is maintaining a chosen following distance from a vehicle ahead (up to the set speed).

Model S has fully stopped but is in a HOLD state. If safe, press the accelerator pedal to resume cruising at the set speed.

Limitations

Trac-Aware Cruise Control is particularly unlikely to operate as intended in the following types of situations:

• The road has sharp curves.

• Visibility is poor (due to heavy rain, snow, fog, etc.).

• Bright light (such as from oncoming headlights or direct sunlight) is interfering with the view of the camera(s).

• The radar sensor is obstructed (dirty, covered, etc.).

• The windshield is obstructing the view of the camera(s) (fogged over, dirty, covered by a sticker, etc.).

Warning: represent an exhaustive list of situations

The list above does not

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Trac-Aware Cruise Control

that may interfere with proper operation of Trac-Aware Cruise Control.

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Page 96

Autosteer

Note: Autosteer is a BETA feature.

Autosteer builds upon Trac-Aware Cruise Control (see Trac-Aware Cruise Control on page 88), intelligently keeping Model S in its driving lane when cruising at a set speed. Autosteer also allows you to use the turn signals to move Model S into an adjacent lane (see Auto Lane Change on page 97). Using the vehicle's camera(s), the radar sensor, and the ultrasonic sensors, Autosteer detects lane markings and the presence of vehicles and objects to steer Model S.

Warning: Autosteer is a hands-on feature. You must keep your hands on the steering wheel at all times.

Warning: Autosteer is intended for use only on highways and limited-access roads with a fully attentive driver. When using Autosteer, hold the steering wheel and be mindful of road conditions and surrounding trac. Do not use Autosteer on city streets, in construction zones, or in areas where bicyclists or pedestrians may be present. Never depend on Autosteer to determine an appropriate driving path. Always be prepared to take immediate action. Failure to follow these instructions could cause damage, serious injury or death.

Autosteer

Autosteer brieﬂy displays a message on the instrument panel reminding you to pay attention to the road and be ready to take over at any time. To indicate that Autosteer is now actively steering Model S, the instrument panel displays the Autosteer icon in blue. When Autosteer is able to detect lane markings, it also displays the driving lane in blue.

Operating Autosteer

Before you can operate Autosteer, you must enable it by touching Controls > Autopilot > Autosteer (Beta).

To indicate that Autosteer is available (but not actively steering Model S), the instrument panel displays a gray Autosteer icon on the right side of the driving speed.

To initiate Autosteer, pull the cruise control lever toward you twice in quick succession.

Autopilot 95

Note: To initiate Autosteer when there is no vehicle in front of you, you must be driving at least 18 mph (30 km/h) on a roadway with visible lane markings. If a vehicle is detected ahead of you, you can initiate Autosteer at any speed under 90 mph (150 km/h), even when stationary (if you are at least 5 feet (150 cm) away from the vehicle).

The instrument panel displays a message indicating that Autosteer is temporarily unavailable if you attempted to engage Autosteer when driving at a speed that is not within the speed required for Autosteer to operate. Autosteer may also be unavailable if it is not receiving adequate data from the camera(s) or sensors.

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Autosteer

If Autosteer is unable to detect lane markings, the driving lane is determined based on the vehicle you are following.

In most cases, Autosteer attempts to center Model S in the driving lane. However, if the sensors detect the presence of an obstacle (such as a vehicle or guard rail), Autosteer may steer Model S in a driving path that is oset from the center of the lane.

Warning: Autosteer is not designed to, and will not, steer Model S around objects partially or completely in the driving lane. Always watch the road in front of you and stay prepared to take appropriate action. It is the driver's responsibility to be in control of Model S at all times.

Restricted Speed

Autosteer is intended for use only by a fully attentive driver on freeways and highways where access is limited by entry and exit ramps. If you choose to use Autosteer on residential roads, a road without a center divider, or a road where access is not limited, Autosteer may limit the maximum allowed cruising speed and the instrument panel displays a message indicating that speed is restricted. The restricted speed can vary depending on whether or not you've speciﬁed a speed limit oset. Although you will be unable to increase the cruising speed, you can select a more restrictive cruising speed by reducing the speed limit oset, if applicable, (see Controlling Speed Assist on page 116) or by manually reducing the set cruising speed (see Changing the Set Speed on page 90).

In situations where the speed limit cannot be detected when Autosteer is engaged, Autosteer reduces your driving speed and limits the set speed to 45 mph (70 km/h). Although you can manually accelerate to exceed the limited speed, Model S may not brake for detected obstacles. Autosteer slows down to the limited speed when you release the accelerator pedal. When you leave the road, or disengage Autosteer by using the steering wheel, you can increase your set speed again, if desired.

Hold Steering Wheel

Autosteer uses data from the camera(s), sensors, and GPS to determine how best to steer Model S. When active, Autosteer requires you to hold the steering wheel. If it does not detect your hands on the steering wheel for a period of time, a ﬂashing white light appears along the top of the instrument panel and the following message displays:

Autosteer detects your hands by recognizing light resistance as the steering wheel turns, or from you manually turning the steering wheel very lightly (without enough force to retake control). Autosteer also qualiﬁes your hands as being detected if you engage a turn signal, use the cruise control lever to adjust the cruising speed or following distance, or use a button or scroll wheel on the steering wheel.

Note: When your hands are detected, the message disappears and Autosteer resumes normal operation.

Note: Autosteer may also sound a chime at the same time that the message is initially displayed.

Autosteer requires that you pay attention to your surroundings and remain prepared to take control at any time. If Autosteer still does not detect your hands on the steering wheel, the request escalates by sounding chimes that increase in frequency.

If you repeatedly ignore Autosteer's prompts for having your hands on the steering wheel, Autosteer disables for the rest of the drive and displays the following message. If you don't resume manual steering, Autosteer sounds a continuous chime, turns on the warning ﬂashers, and slows the vehicle to a complete stop.

For the rest of the drive, you must steer manually. Autosteer is available again on your next drive (after you stop and shift Model S into Park).

Take Over Immediately

In situations where Autosteer is unable to steer Model S, Autosteer sounds a warning chime and displays the following message on the instrument panel:

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Autosteer

driving path. Drive attentively by watching the road and trac ahead of you, checking the surrounding area, and monitoring the instrument panel for warnings. Always be prepared to take

When you see this message, TAKE OVER STEERING IMMEDIATELY.

Canceling Autosteer

Autosteer cancels when:

• You start steering manually.

• You press the brake pedal.

• You push the cruise control lever away from you.

• The maximum speed that Autosteer supports–90 mph (150 km/h)–is exceeded.

• You shift into a dierent gear.

• A door is opened.

• An Automatic Emergency Braking event occurs (see Collision Avoidance Assist on page 113).

When Autosteer cancels, it sounds chimes and the Autosteer icon either turns gray to indicate that Autosteer is no longer active, or disappears to indicate that it is not currently available.

Note: If Autosteer cancels because you started steering manually, Trac-Aware Cruise Control remains active. Disengage Trac- Aware Cruise Control as you normally would, by brieﬂy pushing the cruise control lever away from you or pressing the brake pedal.

To disable Autosteer so it is no longer available, touch Controls > Autopilot > Autosteer (Beta).

Auto Lane Change

When Autosteer is active on a vehicle equipped with Auto Lane Change, you can use the turn signals to move Model S into an adjacent lane without moving the steering wheel (which would cancel Autosteer).

Warning: determine whether a lane change is safe and appropriate. Therefore, before initiating a lane change, always check blind spots, lane markings, and the surrounding roadway to conﬁrm it is safe and appropriate to move into the target lane.

Warning: Never depend on Auto Lane Change to determine an appropriate

Autopilot 97

It is the driver's responsibility to

immediate action.

Warning: Do not use Auto Lane Change on city streets or on roads where trac conditions are constantly changing and where bicycles and pedestrians are present.

Warning: The performance of Auto Lane Change depends on the ability of the camera(s) to recognize lane markings.

Warning: Do not use Auto Lane Change on winding roads with sharp curves, on icy or slippery roads, or when weather conditions (such as heavy rain, snow, fog, etc.) may be obstructing the view from the camera(s) or sensors.

Warning: Failure to follow all warnings and instructions can result in property damage, serious injury or death.

Operating Auto Lane Change

Auto Lane Change is available whenever Autosteer is active. To change lanes using Auto Lane Change:

1. Perform visual checks to make sure it is safe and appropriate to move into the target lane

2. Fully engage the appropriate turn signal.

3. Disengage the turn signal after you are in the target lane.

Auto Lane Change moves Model S into the adjacent lane in the direction indicated by the turn signal, provided the following conditions are met:

• The turn signal is engaged.

• The ultrasonic sensors and Autopilot cameras do not detect a vehicle or obstacle up to the center of the target lane.

• The lane markings indicate that a lane change is permitted.

• The view of the camera(s) is not obstructed.

• Your vehicle does not detect another vehicle in its blind spot.

• Midway through the lane change, Auto Lane Change can detect the outside lane marking of the target lane.

• Driving speed is at least 30 mph (45 km/h).

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Autosteer

As the lane change is in progress, Overtake Acceleration is activated, allowing Model S to accelerate closer to a vehicle in front (see

Overtake Acceleration on page 92). Midway

through the lane change, Auto Lane Change must detect the target lane's outside lane marking. If this lane marking cannot be detected, the lane change is aborted and Model S returns to its original driving lane.

Note: Auto Lane Change moves Model S one lane at a time. Moving into an additional lane requires you to engage the turn signal a second time after the ﬁrst lane change is complete.

When using Auto Lane Change, it is important to monitor its performance by watching the driving path in front of you and the surrounding area. Stay prepared to take over steering at any time. As you are crossing over into the adjacent lane, the instrument panel displays the lane marking as a dashed blue line. Once in your new lane, lane markings are displayed as solid blue lines again.

In situations where Auto Lane Change is unable to operate at optimal performance, or cannot operate due to inadequate data, the instrument panel displays a series of warnings. Therefore, when using Auto Lane Change, always pay attention to the instrument panel and be prepared to manually steer Model S.

Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning (U.S. only)

Depending on market region or vehicle conﬁguration, Stop Light and/or Stop Sign Warning may not be available on your vehicle.

While Autosteer is in use, Model S displays a warning on the instrument panel and sounds a chime if it detects that you are likely to run through a red stop light or stop sign. If this happens, TAKE IMMEDIATE CORRECTIVE ACTION!

The visual and audible warnings cancel after a few seconds, or when you press the brake pedal, whichever comes ﬁrst.

Note: Touch Controls > Autopilot > Full SelfDriving Visualization Preview to display more details about the roadway and its surroundings, such as road markings, stop signs, stop lights, objects (such as trash cans and poles), etc.

Caution: Warning require the vehicle’s map to know that a particular stop light or stop sign exists in a certain location. It may be

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unaware of new stop lights or stop signs that are not captured in the map data. Therefore, Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning may not detect all stop lights and stop signs due to potential map inaccuracies.

Warning: Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning do not apply the brakes or decelerate Model S and may not detect all stop lights and stop signs. Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning are designed for guidance purposes only and are not a substitute for attentive driving and sound judgment. Keep your eyes on the road when driving and never depend on Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning to warn you of a stop light or stop sign.

Warning: Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning are designed to only warn you when approaching a visible red stop sign, solid red or later portion of a yellow trac light; it may not issue warnings at intersections with ﬂashing lights and does not warn you of yield signs or temporary stop and yield signs (such as in construction areas). Additionally, Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning will not warn you of an approaching stop light or stop sign if you are pressing the accelerator pedal or brake pedal (which disables Autosteer).

Navigate on Autopilot

Note: Navigate on Autopilot is a BETA feature and is not available in all market regions.

When using Autosteer on a controlled-access road (such as a highway or freeway), Navigate on Autopilot automatically exits at o-ramps and interchanges based on your navigation route. Along the highway portion of a navigation route, Navigate on Autopilot also changes lanes to prepare for exits and to minimize the driving time to your destination.

Warning: make driving autonomous. You must pay attention to the road, keep your hands on the steering wheel at all times, and remain aware of your navigation route.

Warning: As is the case with normal driving, be extra careful around blind corners, highway interchanges, and exits because obstacles can appear quickly and at any time.

Warning: Navigate on Autopilot may not recognize or detect oncoming vehicles,

Navigate on Autopilot does not

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stationary objects, and special-use lanes such as those used exclusively for bikes, carpools, emergency vehicles, etc. Remain alert at all times and be prepared to take immediate action. Failure to do so can cause damage, injury or death.

Enabling and Customizing Navigate on Autopilot

To enable Navigate on Autopilot, touch Controls > Autopilot > Navigate on Autopilot (Beta). Then, to customize how you want Navigate on Autopilot to operate, touch CUSTOMIZE NAVIGATE ON AUTOPILOT:

• Enable At Start Of Every Trip: Choose whether or not you want to automatically enable Navigate on Autopilot for every navigation route. When enabled, the Navigate on Autopilot button on the turnby-turn direction list is already enabled at the start of every trip.

• Speed Based Lane Changes: Navigate on Autopilot is designed to perform both route-based and speed-based lane changes. Route-based lane changes are designed to keep you on your navigation route (for example, moving you into an adjacent lane to prepare for an upcoming o-ramp) whereas speed-based lane changes are designed to maintain a driving speed (not to exceed your cruising speed) that allows you to minimize the time it takes to reach your destination (for example, moving into an adjacent lane to pass a vehicle in front of you). Speedbased lanes changes are optional. You can use this setting to disable speed-based lane changes or to specify how aggressively you want Navigate on Autopilot to change lanes to achieve the set cruising speed. The MILD setting is more conservative about lane changes and may result in a slightly longer driving time whereas MAD MAX is designed to allow you to reach your destination in the shortest driving time possible, but will only change lanes when safe to do so.

•

Require Lane Change Conﬁrmation: By default, Navigate on Autopilot requires your conﬁrmation before proceeding with a lane change (by pulling the Autopilot stalk toward you or engaging the appropriate turn signal). However, if you want Navigate on Autopilot to change lanes without requiring this conﬁrmation, turn this setting o. When you turn the setting o, you can specify if or how you want to be notiﬁed of lane changes (O, Chime, Vibrate, or Both).

Warning: If you turn o Require Lane Change Conﬁrmation, Navigate on Autopilot notiﬁes you of upcoming lane changes and o-ramps, but it remains your responsibility to monitor the environment and maintain control of Model S at all times. Lane changes can occur quickly and suddenly. Always keep your hands on the wheel and your eyes on the driving path in front of you.

Note: In addition to route-based and speedbased lane changes, Navigate on Autopilot also requests a lane change to the right as a reminder to stay out of the left-most lane when you are not passing other vehicles.

Note: The touchscreen displays route-based lane changes at the top of the map's turn-byturn direction list to notify you that an upcoming lane change is needed to stay on the navigation route.

Operating Navigate on Autopilot

Once enabled, the Navigate on Autopilot button appears on the map’s turn-by-turn direction list whenever a navigation route is active and the route includes at least one controlled-access road. Touch this button to allow Navigate on Autopilot to assist you on your journey. When enabled, the Navigate on Autopilot button is blue and the turn-by-turn direction displays the Autosteer icon next to maneuvers (such as freeway exits) that Navigate on Autopilot will handle.

Navigate on Autopilot activates and deactivates as appropriate, based on the type of road you are driving on. For example, if Autosteer is active and the Navigate on Autopilot setting is turned on, Navigate on Autopilot automatically becomes active when you reach a supported controlled-access portion of your navigation route.

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