Terrasat IBUC 2s, IBUC 2 User Manual

IBUC 2

Intelligent Block Upconverter

User Guide

24-Hour Technical Support: +1 408.782.2166

This document is provided to customers who have purchased Terrasat Communications, Inc.
equipment. This document is copyright protected and no part of this manual may be reproduced,
transcribed, or translated into any language or transmitted in any form whatsoever without the
prior written consent of Terrasat Communications, Inc.

Technical information contained in this publication is for reference purposes only and is subject
to change without notice. Every effort has been made to supply complete and accurate
information; however, Terrasat Communications, Inc. assumes no responsibility and will not be
liable for any errors, omissions, damage, or loss that might result from any use of this manual or
the information contained therein (even if this information is properly followed and problems still
arise).

© February 2013 Terrasat Communications, Inc.

Part Number: O&M-22062-0001

Revision: B

235 Vineyard Court Phone: [phone]
Morgan Hill, CA 95037 FAX: [phone]

www.terrasatinc.com

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

Conventions and References .................................................................................................... P-1

Cautions and Warnings ..................................................................................................... P-2

Trademarks........................................................................................................................ P-2

Electrical Safety Notice ....................................................................................................P-2

Chapter 1, Introduction

Block Upconverters.................................................................................................................. 1-1

Reference Documents ..............................................................................................................1-2

Warranty Information............................................................................................................... 1-4

Export Regulations................................................................................................................... 1-5

Chapter 2, Functional Description

Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 2-1

System Components................................................................................................................. 2-1

DC Supply............................................................................................................................ 2-4

AC Supply............................................................................................................................ 2-5

Fuses..................................................................................................................................... 2-6

Monitor and Control............................................................................................................. 2-7

RF Signal Flow .................................................................................................................... 2-8

Software ............................................................................................................................... 2-12

System Configurations......................................................................................................... 2-13

Storage Information ............................................................................................................. 2-18

Chapter 3, Monitor and Control Features

Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3-1

M&C Interfaces........................................................................................................................ 3-1

RS232................................................................................................................................... 3-1

Hand-held Terminal ............................................................................................................. 3-2

Multifunction LED............................................................................................................... 3-4

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Modem Interface................................................................ 3-5

RS485................................................................................................................................... 3-6

ASCII Mode...................................................................................................................... 3-6

Legacy Binary Mode......................................................................................................... 3-8

Ethernet ................................................................................................................................ 3-9

Determining the IP Address of Your IBUC 2................................................................... 3-9

Telnet ................................................................................................................................3-14

Web Server........................................................................................................................ 3-14

SNMP................................................................................................................................ 3-14

Power Measurement................................................................................................................. 3-16

ii

Chapter 4, Installation

Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 4-1

General Requirements .............................................................................................................. 4-1

Unpacking ......................................................................................................................... 4-1

Furnished Items................................................................................................................. 4-2

Accessories........................................................................................................................ 4-3

Installing the ODU ............................................................................................................... 4-4

Tools and Test Equipment ................................................................................................4-4

Site Considerations............................................................................................................ 4-4

Mounting Considerations.................................................................................................. 4-4

Power Requirements ......................................................................................................... 4-5

Grounding .........................................................................................................................4-6

Antenna Recommendations ..............................................................................................4-7

Antenna Mounting ............................................................................................................4-8

System Pressurization ....................................................................................................... 4-12

System Cabling Requirements .......................................................................................... 4-13

Cable and Waveguide Connections ..................................................................................4-16

Basic System Alignment...................................................................................................... 4-21

Test Equipment ................................................................................................................. 4-21

Setting the Tx and Rx Frequencies ................................................................................... 4-21

Transmit Power Alignment............................................................................................... 4-22

Final Checks............................................................................................................................. 4-24

Chapter 5, Operations

Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5-1

Start-up Checklist..................................................................................................................... 5-1

Turning On the IBUC 2........................................................................................................ 5-2

Setting Operating Parameters............................................................................................... 5-2

Setting the Tx Frequency (L-band)................................................................................... 5-4

Setting Alarm Thresholds .................................................................................................5-4

Configuring Alarm States .................................................................................................5-5

Configuring ALC/AGC..................................................................................................... 5-5

Configuring the External Mute ......................................................................................... 5-6

Common Errors ........................................................................................................................ 5-7

LED is Red........................................................................................................................ 5-7

No Power to the IBUC 2 ................................................................................................... 5-7

Time Stamp Data is Incorrect ...........................................................................................5-8

Satellite Network Operations Center Doesn’t Recognize Signal...................................... 5-8

Transmit Power in Saturation............................................................................................5-9

Tx Input/Output Level Verification .................................................................................. 5-9

Chapter 6, Troubleshooting

Maintenance ............................................................................................................................. 6-1

Transceiver Fault Isolation................................................................................................... 6-1

AC Power Problems/Conditioning.................................................................................... 6-1

iii

Site-Related Problems .......................................................................................................6-2

M&C Checks .....................................................................................................................6-2

Power Supply Checks........................................................................................................6-3

Transmit Power Setting .....................................................................................................6-3

Common Problems ...............................................................................................................6-5

Tx Output is Disabled........................................................................................................6-5

Incorrect Frequency Settings .............................................................................................6-5

Damaged Cables ................................................................................................................6-5

10 MHz Reference Signal at the IBUC 2 is at the Wrong Level or Missing ....................6-5

Antenna is Pointed Toward Wrong Satellite or is Misaligned ..........................................6-6

Moisture Migrated Into the IBUC 2 ..................................................................................6-6

Bad Orthogonal Mode Transducer and/or Antenna ..........................................................6-7

LED is Red ........................................................................................................................6-7

Repair Policy.............................................................................................................................6-8

Returned Material Authorization (RMA) .............................................................................6-8

Appendix A, Part Numbering Schema

Identifying the Part and Serial Numbers...................................................................................A-1

Appendix B, Using HyperTerminal

Establishing a HyperTerminal Session .....................................................................................B-1

Using a Saved Connection........................................................................................................B-7

Ending a HyperTerminal Session .............................................................................................B-8

Appendix C, IBUC 2 Web Pages

Introduction...............................................................................................................................C-1

Screen Shots..............................................................................................................................C-5

Login..................................................................................................................................C-5

Information Tab.................................................................................................................C-6

Alarm Tab..........................................................................................................................C-8

Sensor Tab .........................................................................................................................C-11

Transmit Configuration Tab ..............................................................................................C-13

Interface Configuration Tab ..............................................................................................C-18

System Configuration Tab.................................................................................................C-21

Alarm Configuration Tab ..................................................................................................C-23

Redundancy Configuration Tab.........................................................................................C-26

Alarm Log Tab ..................................................................................................................C-28

Appendix D, IBUC 2 Hand-held Terminal Menu Tree

Menu Options ...........................................................................................................................D-1

Info & Sensors ...................................................................................................................D-4

Tx.......................................................................................................................................D-4

Alarm .................................................................................................................................D-5

Tx Thresholds ....................................................................................................................D-5

Interface .............................................................................................................................D-5

iv

SNMP................................................................................................................................ D-6

System............................................................................................................................... D-6

Redundancy....................................................................................................................... D-6

Appendix E, Legacy Binary Command Message Structure

Command Set ........................................................................................................................... E-1

Legacy Response Message Structure ....................................................................................... E-3

Data Field Definitions.......................................................................................................... E-5

Appendix F, ASCII Command/Response Structure

Command Set ........................................................................................................................... F-1

Common Commands............................................................................................................ F-4

Receive-only Commands ..................................................................................................... F-19

Transmit-only Commands.................................................................................................... F-26

Redundancy Commands....................................................................................................... F-42

Appendix G, Component Specifications and Reference Drawings

Reference Drawings ................................................................................................................. G-1

Data Sheets............................................................................................................................... G-10

Appendix H, Glossary

Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................................... H-1

Index

v

LIST OF TABLES

Table P.1 Typographical Conventions ........................................................................................ P-1

Table 1.1 Satellite Operation Standards...................................................................................... 1-2

Table 2.1 IBUC 2 Transmit Frequency Plans ............................................................................. 2-3

Table 2.2 AC Supply Operating Voltage Ranges ....................................................................... 2-5

Table 2.3 Fuse Markings............................................................................................................. 2-6

Table 2.4 Fuse Markings Explained ........................................................................................... 2-7

Table 2.5 Internal 10 MHz Reference Signal Parameters........................................................... 2-8

Table 2.6 Basic System Requirements........................................................................................ 2-13

Table 3.1 Default Alarm Configuration...................................................................................... 3-4

Table 3.2 Transmitter Link Specifications.................................................................................. 3-5

Table 3.3 Receiver Link Specifications ......................................................................................3-5

Table 3.4 ASCII Mode Command Format.................................................................................. 3-7

Table 3.5 Packet Format ............................................................................................................. 3-8

Table 3.6 IBUC 2 Data Packet Byte Configuration .................................................................... 3-8

Table 4.1 IBUC 2 Interface Connector Schedule........................................................................4-13

Table 4.2 Pin Assignments for IBUC 2 M&C Connector J2 ...................................................... 4-14

Table 4.3 Pin Assignments for IBUC 2 DC Power Connector J3 .............................................. 4-15

Table 4.4 Pin Assignments for IBUC 2 AC Power Connector J3 .............................................. 4-16

Table 4.5 Pin Assigments for IBUC 2 Ethernet Connector J4.................................................... 4-16

Table 4.6 Recommended Test Equipment ..................................................................................4-21

Table 6.1 Possible Scenarios for IBUC 2s with an External 10 MHz Reference Signal ............ 6-6

Table C.1 Default Values for Power Monitor Frequency............................................................ C-14

Table C.2 Default Values for the Burst Threshold ...................................................................... C-15

Table E.1 IBUC 2 Commands..................................................................................................... E-1

Table E.2 Response to IBUC 2 Commands 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x08, and 0xFF ..............E-3

Table E.3 Response to IBUC 2 Commands 0x05 and 0x06 !

(When Data Byte 1 of Command Message = 0x00) ................................................... E-3

Table E.4 Response to IBUC 2 Command 0x06 !

(When Data Byte 1 of Command Message = 0x01) ................................................... E-4

Table E.5 Response to IBUC 2 Command 0x07 ......................................................................... E-4

Table E.6 Response to IBUC 2 Command 0x09 ......................................................................... E-5

Table E.7 Data Field Definitions ................................................................................................. E-5

Table F.1 Alarm Mask ................................................................................................................F-1

Table F.2 Alarm Flags................................................................................................................. F-2

Table F.3 Error Response Table.................................................................................................. F-3

Table F.4 Default Values for the TAH, TAL, and TBT Commands ..........................................F-32

Table F.5 Default Values for the TFR Command....................................................................... F-36

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vii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Front Panel of a DC-powered IBUC 2....................................................................... 2-4

Figure 2.2 Front Panel of an AC-powered IBUC 2..................................................................... 2-5

Figure 2.3 IBUC 2 Block Diagram (for DC-powered systems).................................................. 2-10

Figure 2.4 IBUC 2 Block Diagram (for AC-powered systems).................................................. 2-11

Figure 2.5 DC Power System Configuration............................................................................... 2-15

Figure 2.6 DC Power System Configuration with IFU ............................................................... 2-16

Figure 2.7 AC Power System Configuration............................................................................... 2-17

Figure 3.1 IBUC 2 Hand-held Terminal...................................................................................... 3-3

Figure 3.2 Location of Downloads on Terrasat Website............................................................. 3-10

Figure 3.3 Download Instructions for .zip File ........................................................................... 3-11

Figure 3.4 Contents of the IBUCUpgrade_v122 .zip File........................................................... 3-11

Figure 3.5 Extracting the .zip Files ............................................................................................. 3-12

Figure 3.6 Security Warning Dialog Box.................................................................................... 3-12

Figure 3.7 Results Window ......................................................................................................... 3-13

Figure 3.8 Blank Results Window .............................................................................................. 3-13

Figure 4.1 Contents of IBUC 2 Shipping Carton ........................................................................ 4-3

Figure 4.2 IBUC 2 Field Installation........................................................................................... 4-9

Figure 4.3 IBUC 2 Installation .................................................................................................... 4-10

Figure 4.4 Location of Mounting Holes...................................................................................... 4-11

Figure 4.5 Location of Adjustment Slots on Optional Mounting Bracket .................................. 4-12

Figure 4.6 Applying the Anti-Seize Lubricant............................................................................ 4-18

Figure 4.7 Waveguide Label and Channel for Gasket ................................................................ 4-19

Figure A.1 Identifying the Part and Serial Numbers.................................................................... A-1

Figure A.2 Part Numbering Schema for IBUC 2s and IBRs ....................................................... A-2

Figure A.3 Part Numbering Schema for IBUCs .......................................................................... A-3

Figure A.4 Part Numbering Schema for Transmit Redundant (Tx 1+1) Systems....................... A-4

Figure A.5 Part Numbering Schema for Receive Redundant (Rx 1+1) Systems ........................ A-5

Figure A.6 Part Numbering Schema for IBUC with PSUI Systems............................................ A-6

Figure A.7 Part Numbering Schema for IFU Systems................................................................. A-7

Figure A.8 Part Numbering Schema for LNBs............................................................................ A-8

Figure A.9 Part Numbering Schema for SSPAs .......................................................................... A-9

Figure A.10 Part Numbering Schema for Redundant SSPA 1+1 Systems.................................... A-10

Figure B.1 New Connection Description Window ...................................................................... B-2

Figure B.2 Connect To Window .................................................................................................. B-3

Figure B.3 COM1 Properties Window ........................................................................................ B-4

Figure B.4 Invalid Password Error Message................................................................................ B-5

Figure B.5 ASCII Setup Window ................................................................................................ B-5

Figure B.6 Invalid Value Error Message ..................................................................................... B-6

Figure B.7 Active HyperTerminal Window................................................................................. B-7

Figure C.1 Choosing Network Connections ................................................................................ C-2

viii

Figure C.2 Choosing the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties.................................................. C-2

Figure C.3 Typing the IP Address................................................................................................ C-3

Figure C.4 Invalid Subnet Mask Error Message.......................................................................... C-4

Figure C.5 Login.......................................................................................................................... C-5

Figure C.6 Information Tab ......................................................................................................... C-6

Figure C.7 Alarm Status Tab ....................................................................................................... C-8

Figure C.8 Sensor Tab ................................................................................................................. C-11

Figure C.9 Tx Configuration Tab ................................................................................................ C-13

Figure C.10 Interface Configuration Tab....................................................................................... C-18

Figure C.11 System Configuration Tab ......................................................................................... C-21

Figure C.12 Alarm Configuration Tab........................................................................................... C-23

Figure C.13 Redundancy Configuration Tab................................................................................. C-26

Figure C.14 Alarm Log Tab........................................................................................................... C-28

Figure D.1 Sample IBUC 2 HHT Display.................................................................................... D-2

Figure D.2 Sample IBUC 2 Info & Sensors Window .................................................................. D-2

Figure D.3 IBUC 2 Hand-held Terminal Menu Tree................................................................... D-3

Figure G.1 Fabrication Drawing, FBD-21012-XXXX, Rev A.................................................... G-2

Figure G.2 Fabrication Drawing, FBD-21984-XXXX, Rev B, page 1 of 2 ................................ G-3

Figure G.3 Fabrication Drawing, FBD-21984-XXXX, Rev B, page 2 of 2 ................................ G-4

Figure G.4 Fabrication Drawing, FBD-20351-0001, Rev A ....................................................... G-5

Figure G.5 Fabrication Drawing, FBD-20606-XXXX, Rev A.................................................... G-6

Figure G.6 Example Installation Drawing for Antenna Mounting, 339-44001-XXXX, !

Rev A, page 1 of 2 ..................................................................................................... G-7

Figure G.7 Example Installation Drawing for Antenna Mounting, 339-44001-XXXX, !

Rev A, page 2 of 2 ..................................................................................................... G-8

Figure G.8 Example Installation Drawing, IND-10521-0011, Rev A ......................................... G-9

ix

REVISION HISTORY

Revision Date Description

A February 2013 Initial Release

B February 2013

• Corrected values for the TFB command in

Appendix F

• Updated information about transmit frequency plans in Table 2.1

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P R E F A C E

This manual provides information about the Terrasat Communications, Inc. line of
intelligent block upconverters (IBUC 2s) and transmit redundant systems.

Conventions and References

Before you start using this manual, it is important to understand the typographical
conventions and terms used in the documentation.

Table P.1 describes typographical conventions used in Terrasat Communications, Inc.

documentation. For definitions of specialized terms used in the documentation, see

Appendix H, Glossary.

Table P.1

Typographical Conventions

Convention Description/Example

Emphasis

Used to emphasize the importance of a point.

The IP Address must be

a unique number.

Internal cross-references

References to a section in the same document are marked in blue and
are hype

rlinked.

See

Warranty Information on page 1-4.

Product and feature
na

mes

Named Terrasat products and features are identified on first use.

...line of intelligent block upconverters (IBUCs).

Technical Publication
Re

ferences

References to other Terrasat publications. If the reference is hyperlinked,
it is also underscored.

For detailed information, see the Terrasat Communications, Inc. IBUC
Operations Manual.

User-entered values

A special font marks text that you type.

At the password prompt, type

MyPassword.

P-2 | Preface

Cautions and Warnings

Trademarks

Other product names mentioned in this manual may be trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective companies and are hereby acknowledged.

Electrical Safety Notice

This equipment has been designed to minimize exposure of personnel to hazards. All
operators and technicians must

• Know how to work around, with, and on high-voltage equipment.

• Exercise every precaution to ensure safety of personnel.

• Exercise extreme care when working near high voltages.

• Be familiar with the warnings in this manual.

CAUTION

CAUTION indicates a hazardous situation
that, if not avoided, could result in minor or
moderate injury. CAUTION might also be
used to indicate other unsafe practices or
risks of property damage.

HIGH VOLTAGE

HIGH VOLTAGE indicates the presence of a
high-voltage hazard.

WARNING

WARNING indicates a potentially
hazardous situation that, if not avoided,
could result in death or serious injury.

Block Upconverters | 1-1

C H A P T E R

C

HAPTER

1

I

NTRODUCTION

This manual is intended for users of Terrasat Communications, Inc. IBUC 2 systems.
It contains information about

• Installation, operation, and maintenance of IBUC 2 systems

• User of user interface protocols for remote monitor and control capabilities

Block Upconverters

The term “intelligent” block upconverter refers to the advanced features and monitor
and control capabilities of the IBUC 2 product. The IBUC 2 includes automatic gain
control (AGC) and automatic level control (ALC) features as well as internal
diagnostics. It also provides extensive monitoring and control through a menu of
software commands and alarms providing access to the numerous operating
parameters and features available in the unit. Access to features and monitor and
control (M&C) functions is provided via several methods including a hand-held
terminal, RS232, RS485, TCP/IP (Telnet, HTTP), UDP (SNMP) and FSK (frequency
shift keying) link via the IFL cable. The IBUC 2 is also fitted with a multifunction
LED for visual status indications.

1-2 | Introduction

Reference Documents

Use the satellite operation standards listed in Table 1.1 as reference documents.

Table 1.1

Satellite Operation Standards

Earth Station Standards

Intelsat IESS 308/309

Performance Characteristics for Intermediate Data Rate Digital
Carriers Usin

g Convolutional Encoding and QPSK Modulation

Eutelsat EESS 502

Minimum Technical and Operational Requirements for Earth Stations
Tran

smitting to a Eutelsat Transponder for Non-Standard Structured

Types of SMS Transmissions. Standard M.

ETS 300-332

Satellite Earth Stations (SES); Tran

smit-only or transmit-and-receive
very small aperture terminals (VSATs) used for communications
operating in the fixed satellite service (FSS) 6 GHz and 4 GHz
frequency bands.

ETS 300-159

Satellite Earth Stations (SES); Transmit/receive very small aperture
terminals (VSATs) used for data communications operating in the
fixed satellite service (FFS) 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands.

ETS 300-160

Satellite Earth Stations (SES); Control and monitoring functions for
very small aperture terminals (VSAT)

networks.

ETSI EN 301 427

Satellite Earth Stations

and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Low
Data Rate Mobile Satellite Earth Stations (MESs) except aeronautical
mobile satellite earth stations, operating in the 11/12/14 GHz
frequency bands covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of
the Radio & Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (R&TTE)
directive

ETSI EN 301 428

Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SE

S); Harmonized EN for Very
Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT); Transmit-only, transmit/receive or
receive-only satellite earth stations operating in the 11/12/14 GHz
frequency bands covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of
the Radio & Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (R&TTE)
Directive.

ETSI EN 301 430

Satellite Earth Stations and

Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for
Satellite News Gathering Transportable Earth Stations (SNG TES)
operating in the 11-12/13-14 GHz frequency bands covering essential
requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE directive

ETSI EN 301 443

Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized EN for Very
Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT); Transmit-only, transmit/receive, or
receive-only satellite earth stations operating in the 4 GHz and 6 GHz
frequency bands covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of
the R&TTE Directive.

MIL-STD-188-164A!
with Change 3

Interoperability of SHF Satellite Communications Terminals for
ta

ctical and long-haul communications.

MIL-STD 810F

Materiel acquisition program planning and engineering direction for
consid

ering the influences that environmental stresses have on

materiel throughout all phases of its service life.

ANSI/TIA/EIA 568 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard

Reference Documents | 1-3

ETS 300 019-1-1

Equipment Engineering (EE): Environmental Conditions and
Environmental Tests for Telecommunications Equipment. Part 1-1:
Classification of environmental conditions. Storage.

Environmental Standards

ETS 300 019-1-2

Equipment Engineering (EE): Environmental Conditions and
Environmental Tests for Telecommunications Equipment. Part 1-2:
Classification of environmental conditions. Transportation.

ETS 300 019-1-4

Equipment Engineering (EE): Environmen

tal Conditions and
Environmental Tests for Telecommunications Equipment. Part 1-4:
Classification of environmental conditions. Stationary use at non­weather protected locations.

ETS 300 019-2-1

Equipment Engineering (EE): Environmental Conditions and
Environmental Tests for Telecommunications Equipment. Part 2-1:
Specification of environmental tests; Storage

ETS 300 019-2-2

Equipment Engineering (EE): Environmental Conditions and
Environmental Tests for Telecommunications Equipment. Part 2.2:
Specification of environmental tests; Transportation

ETS 300 019-2-4

Equipment Engineering (EE): Environmental Conditions and
Environmental Tests for Telecommunications Equipment. Part 2-4:
Specification of environmental tests; Stationary use at non-weather
protected locations

EMC/EMI Standards

99/5/EEC

The Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive
(R&TTE)

ETSI EN 301 489-1 v1.8.1

Electromagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Ma

tters (ERM);
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment
and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements

ETSI EN 301 489-12 v2.2.2

Electromagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Ma

tters (ERM);
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment
and services; Part 12: Specific conditions for Very Small Aperture
Terminal, Satellite Interactive Earth Stations operated in the
frequency ranges from 4 GHz through 30 GHz in the Fixed Satellite
Services (FSS)

EN 55022A

Information Technology Equipment – Radio Disturbance
Ch

aracteristics – Limits and methods of measurement

EN 61000-3-2

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Part 3.2: Limits

for harmonic

current emissions (equipment input current < 16 A per phase)

EN 61000-3-3

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Part 3.3: Limitation

of voltage
changes, voltage fluctuations, and flicker in public low-voltage supply
systems for equipment with rated current ! 16 A per phase and not
subject to conditional connection

EN 61000-4-2

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-2: Testing and
measurement techniques – Electrostatic discharge immunity test

EN 61000-4-3

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-3

: Testing and
measurement techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency,
electromagnetic field immunity test

Table 1.1

Satellite Operation Standards (Continued)

1-4 | Introduction

Warranty Information

Determination of warranty status of equipment shall be in accordance with the
following Terrasat Communications, Inc. Warranty Policy.

(A) This warranty is for equipment of Terrasat Communications, Inc. The term
“Terrasat” as used throughout this warranty shall mean Terrasat Communications,
Inc., if the equipment was manufactured by Terrasat Communications, Inc.

(B) Terrasat warrants that its equipment shall be free from defects in material or
workmanship at the time of shipment and that it will conform to applicable
specifications.

For all Satcom products, the buyer shall exercise any and all warranty claims within a
period of twenty-four (24) months.

(1) The warranty does not apply to any part of a product if it has been altered,
repaired, or misused in any way that, in the opinion of Terrasat, affects the
reliability of, or detracts from the performance of any part of the product, or it is
damaged as a result of the use of such part in or in connection with equipment not
previously approved by Terrasat.

(2) The warranty does not apply to any product or parts thereof if its serial number
or the serial number of any of its parts has been altered, defaced, or removed.

(3) The warranty does not cover damages or losses incurred in transport.

EN 61000-4-4

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-4: Testing and
measurement techniques – Electrical fast transient/burst immunity
test

EMC/EMI Standards

EN 61000-4-5

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) –

Part 4-5: Testing and

measurement techniques – Surge immunity test

EN 61000-4-6

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-6: Testing and
measurement techniques – Immunity to conducted disturbances,
induced by radio-frequency fields

EN 61000-4-11

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-11: Testing and
measurement techniques – Voltage dips, short interruptions, and
voltage variations immunity tests

Safety Standards

2006/95/EC The Low Voltage Directive (supersedes 73/23/EEC)

EN 60950-1

Information technology equipment – Safety as applied to
mains-po

wered or battery-powered information technology

equipment, including electrical business equipment and associated
equipment, with a rated voltage not exceeding 600 V.

Table 1.1

Satellite Operation Standards (Continued)

Export Regulations | 1-5

(4) The warranty does not cover replacement or repair necessitated by loss or
damage resulting from cases beyond the control of Terrasat.

(5) The warranty does not include the furnishing of any labor involved or
connected with the removal and/or reinstallation of warranted equipment or parts
on site, or any labor required to diagnose the necessity for replacement or repair.

(6) In no event shall Terrasat be liable to buyer for any indirect, special, or
consequential damages or lost profits arising from the use of the equipment or
products, even if Terrasat has been advised of the possibility thereof, or for any
inability to use them either separated from or in combination with any other
equipment or products.

(C) Terrasat’s warranty, as stated herein, is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed,
implied or statutory, including those of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose, and Terrasat neither assumes nor authorizes any person to assume for it any
other obligation or liability to any person in connection with the sale or use of
Terrasat’s products. The buyer shall pass on to any purchaser, lessee, or other user of
Terrasat’s products, the aforementioned warranty and shall indemnify and hold upon
allegations that the buyer, its agents, or employees have made additional warranties or
representations as to product preference or use.

(D) A fixed charge established for each product will be imposed for all equipment
returned for warranty repair and where the cause of failure cannot be identified by
Terrasat.

Note:

Warranty seals are designed to break upon internal access. Access to the internal
electronic components without prior written approval will void the warranty.

For more information about returning a product for repair, see

Repair Policy on

page 6-8.

Export Regulations

Under the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), 22 U.S.C. § 2778 (1994), the United
States Department of State, Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC),
implements the International Traffic In Arm Regulations (ITAR), 22 C.F.R.

§§ 120-130, which control the export of defense articles and services from the United
States to foreign destinations and persons.

Terrasat X-band IBUC products are subject to ITAR regulations administered by the
U.S. State Department. Section 121.1 of the ITAR is the United States Munitions List
(USML) and includes the commodities, related technical data, and defense services
controlled for export purposes. The X-band IBUC is classified as USML Category
XI(a)(5) “Command, control and communications systems to include radios
(transceivers), navigation, and identification equipment.” As indicated in the ITAR,

1-6 | Introduction

items in this category are also designated “Significant Military Equipment (SME).”
These products are not considered dual use as defined by the U.S. Commerce
Department.

As ITAR-controlled items that are designated SME, each license application must be
accompanied by Form DSP-83 identifying the end user and intermediate consignees.
In addition, Exporters must ascertain the specific end user and end use prior to
submitting a license application to the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls. Terrasat
normally requests a separate letter to accompany the DSP-83 stating the type of
terminal in which the IBUC will be used and the satellite system over which it will
transmit.

Further, it is required that we inform the end user of the requirements of ITAR section

123.9, as follows:

The written approval of the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls must
be obtained before reselling, transferring, transshipping, or disposing of a
defense article to any end user, end use, or destination other than as stated
on the export license.

Details of ITAR requirements can be found at the U.S. State Department Web site at !

http://www.pmddtc.state.gov.

Introduction | 2-1

C H A P T E R

C

HAPTER

2

F

UNCTIONAL

D

ESCRIPTION

The Terrasat outdoor unit (ODU) consists of an intelligent block upconverter
(IBUC 2), power supply unit (PSUI), and low-noise block converter (LNB) for use in
satellite earth stations. The outdoor equipment is designed to interface directly with an
L-band satellite modem.

Introduction

This chapter contains detailed information about the various components of the
IBUC 2 system.

System Components

The interfacility link (IFL) between the ODUs and the L-band modem uses
950 MHz to 2.0 GHz (L-band) as the interface frequency. This approach enables
transmission and reception over the entire satellite band as opposed to a single
transponder. The L-band IFL can also carry associated signals such as 10 MHz, DC
voltage, or FSK which simplify installation and reduce costs. Terrasat IBUC 2 systems
can be used for single channel per carrier/multiple channels per carrier (SCPC/
MCPC), point-to-point, or point-to-multiple point network applications (such as voice,
data, video, or IP services). The integrated RJ-45 J4 connector enables TelNet, SNMP,
and the embedded Web pages for monitor and control purposes. Its smaller form factor
and lighter weight make the IBUC 2 ideal for situations where mobility is key. The
IBUC 2 can be carried in a backpack or case or it can be mounted on antennas that can
be quickly assembled and disassembled. See

Figure 2.5 to Figure 2.7 on the following

pages for typical equipment configurations.

The IBUC 2 is available in a variety of frequency bands as shown in

Table 2.1 on

page 2-3. The IBUC 2 houses the IF interface (de-mux), the upconverter, the monitor

and control (M&C) card, a DC-to-DC converter (if DC powered) and associated
circuitry, an AC-to-DC converter (if AC powered), and a solid state power amplifier

2-2 | Functional Description

(SSPA) assembly. The IBUC 2 can also house an optional internal 10 MHz reference
signal module. Higher-power IBUC 2s also have an external cooling fan assembly.
The input interface to the IBUC 2 connects to a 50 " or an optional 75 " coaxial cable
that carries the L-band transmit signal, and can carry the external 10 MHz reference
oscillator signal, DC power, and bidirectional M&C FSK signals.

System Components | 2-3

Table 2.1

IBUC 2 Transmit Frequency Plans

Signal Standard C-band Palapa C-band Insat C-band Extended C-band Full C-band

L-band

950 MHz to 1525 MHz 975 MHz to 1275 MHz 1150 MHz to 1450 MHz 950 MHz to 1750 MHz 975 MHz to 1850 MHz

LO frequency

7.375 GHz 7.700 GHz 8.175 GHz 7.600 GHz 7.700 GHz

RF frequency

5.850 GHz to 6.425 GHz 6.425 GHz to 6.725 GHz 6.725 GHz to 7.025 GHz 5.850 GHz to 6.650 GHz 5.850 GHz to 6.725 GHz

Output Power

5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40,
50 watts

5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40,
50 watts

5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40,
50 watts

5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40,
50 watts

5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40,
50 watts

Signal Low C-band (Band 6) X-band Standard Ku-band Full Ku-band Low Ku-band (Band 3)

L-band

950 MHz to 1650 MHz 950 MHz to 1450 MHz 950 MHz to 1450 MHz 950 MHz to 1700 MHz 950 MHz to 1450 MHz

LO frequency

7.375 GHz 6.950 GHz 13.050 GHz 12.800 GHz 11.800 GHz

RF frequency

5.725 GHz to 6.425 GHz 7.900 GHz to 8.400 GHz 14.000 GHz to 14.500 GHz 13.750 GHz to 14.500 GHz 12.750 GHz to 13.250 GHz

Output Power

5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40,
50 watts

5, 10, 20, 25, 40, 50 watts

4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 25, 30,
40 watts

4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 25, 30,
40 watts

4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 25, 30,
40 watts

Signal Low Ku-band (Band 4) DBS-band (Band 1) DBS-band (Band 2) Ka-band (Band 1) Ka-band (Band 2)

L-band

1000 MHz to 1500 MHz 950 MHz to 1750 MHz 1150 MHz to 1450 MHz 1000 MHz to 1500 MHz 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz

LO frequency

11.800 GHz 16.350 GHz 16.950 GHz 28.500 GHz 29.000 GHz

RF frequency

12.800 GHz to 13.300 GHz 17.300 GHz to 18.100 GHz 18.100 GHz to 18.400 GHz 29.500 GHz to 30.000 GHz 30.000 GHz to 31.000 GHz

Output Power

4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 25, 30,
40 watts

5, 8, 10, 20, 25 watts 5, 8, 10, 20, 25 watts 5, 10, 16 watts 5, 10, 16 watts

Signal Ka-band (Band 3)

L-band

1000 MHz to 2000 MHz

LO frequency

28.000 GHz

RF frequency

29.000 GHz to 30.000 GHz

Output Power

5, 10, 16 watts

2-4 | Functional Description

DC Supply

DC power can be supplied through the N-connector or F-connector (labeled J1) of the
L-band input or through the external power connector (labeled J3). DC power for the
high-power units is supplied through the six-pin circular connector (labeled J3) of the
DC input. Higher-power units (such as Ku-band 20 watt and higher, C-band 40 watt
and higher, X-band 25 watt and higher, or DBS-band 10 watt and higher) cannot
accept DC input through the L-band input connector due to the higher current draw.

Terrasat IBUC 2s have several supply voltage options. The standard configuration is
48 VDC. However, a 24 VDC option is available for for lower power units. Refer to
the datasheets in

Appendix G for more information. This choice of 24 VDC or

48 VDC is available only when the IBUC 2 is ordered and configured at the factory.
The operating voltage range for the 24 VDC option is 20 VDC to 28 VDC. The
operating voltage range for lower-power units with 48 VDC is 37 VDC to 60 VDC.
DC-powered units are configured at the factory to have floating input.

Figure 2.1 depicts the front panel of a DC-powered IBUC 2.

Note:

The IBUC 2 pictured in Figure 2.1 has an F-type connector at J1.

Figure 2.1

Front Panel of a DC-powered IBUC 2

Mounting

Hole

Breather

Valve

System Components | 2-5

AC Supply

IBUC 2s are available with optional AC power. Table 2.2 lists the voltage ranges for
different bands and power levels.

Figure 2.1 depicts the front panel of an AC-powered IBUC 2.

Note:

The IBUC 2 pictured in Figure 2.1 has an N-type connector at J1.

Figure 2.2

Front Panel of an AC-powered IBUC 2

Table 2.2

AC Supply Operating Voltage Ranges

Voltage Band Watts

100 VAC to 240 VAC C-band 5 watt to 50 watt

100 VAC to 240 VAC X-band 5 watt to 50 watt

100 VAC to 240 VAC Ku-band 4 watt to 40 watt

100 VAC to 240 VAC DBS-band 5 watt to 25 watt

100 VAC to 240 VAC Ka-band 5 watt to 10 watt

Mounting

Hole

Breather

Valve

2-6 | Functional Description

Fuses

Table 2.3 lists the the fuse markings of the fuses required by different AC-powered

IBUC 2 models.

Table 2.4 on page 2-7 defines the international marking schema.

Table 2.3

Fuse Markings

Signal

Power

Level

Fuse Markings

115 VAC 230 VAC

C-band

5 W T1.6AL250V T1.6AL250V

10 W T2AL250V T1.6AL250V

15 W T2.5AL250V T1.6AL250V

20 W T3.15AL250V T1.6AL250V

25 W T4AL250V T2AL250V

30 W T4AL250V T2AL250V

40 W T5AL250V T2.5AL250V

50 W T5AL250V T2.5AL250V

60 W T6.3AL250V T3.15AL250V

X-band

5 W T1.6AL250V T1.6AL250V

10 W T2AL250V T1.6AL250V

20 W T3.15AL250V T1.6AL250V

25 W T4AL250V T2AL250V

40 W T5AL250V T2.5AL250V

50 W T6.3AL250V T3.15AL250V

60 W T6.3AL250V T3.15AL250V

Ku-band

4 W T1.6AL250V T1.6AL250V

8 W T2.5AL250V T1.6AL250V

12 W T2.5AL250V T1.6AL250V

16 W T3.15AL250V T1.6AL250V

20 W T4AL250V T2AL250V

25 W T5AL250V T2.5AL250V

30 W T8AL250V T4AL250V

40 W T8AL250V T4AL250V

DBS-band

5 W T2.5AL250V T1.6AL250V

8

W T3.15AL250V T1.6AL250V

10 W T4AL250V T2AL250V

16 W T4AL250V T2AL250V

20 W T5AL250V T2.5AL250V

25 W T5AL250V T2.5AL250V

Ka-band

5 W T2AL250V T1.6AL250V

10 W T3.15AL250V T1.6AL250V

System Components | 2-7

For IBUC 2s that require fuses up to 6.3 A, Terrasat recommends time lag fuses with a
high I2t value.

For IBUC 2s that require fuses greater than 6.3 A, Terrasat recommends time lag
fuses.

For reference, the IBUC 2s are delivered with Littelfuse 213 Series fuses (surge
withstand, time lag for up to 6.3 A) or 218 Series fuses (time lag for greater than

6.3 A).

Table 2.4 explains the fuse marking schema.

Monitor and Control

The IBUC 2 is equipped with extensive monitor and control (M&C) capabilities. Use
any of the following methods to access those capabilities:

• Via the M&C 19-pin circular connector (J2) utilizing two-wire RS485. This
method requires that a separate cable must be run and connected to J2.

• Via the J2 connector using RS232. This method requires that a separate cable must
be run and connected to J2.

Figure G.1 on page G-2 contains a drawing for fabricating your own cable.

• Via the J4 connector using TCP/IP. This method requires a separate Ethernet
cable.

Figure G.2 on page G-3 contains a drawing for fabricating your own cable.

• Via the J2 connector using an optional hand-held terminal. The hand-held terminal
has its own cable.

• Via the L-band input N-connector or F-connector (J1) utilizing frequency shift
keying (FSK). Using this method requires no additional cable(s) but does require
that the FSK be multiplexed onto the L-band cable.

Note:

Some modem manufacturers offer built-in FSK capabilities for communicating with
the IBUC 2 through the L-band IFL. Refer to the modem manufacturer’s
documentation for more information.

Table 2.4

Fuse Markings Explained

T 3,15A L 250V

250V = 250 Volts

L = Low Breaking Capacity (glass body)

3,15A = 3,15 Amp

T = Träge (Slow Blow)

2-8 | Functional Description

RF Signal Flow

L-band input to the IBUC 2 is through the input N-connector or the F-connector
(labeled J1). Required inputs include an L-band signal at -20 dBm or less and a
10 MHz sine wave reference signal between +5 dBm and -12 dBm (for those units that
do not have the optional internal 10 MHz reference signal). The internal 10 MHz
reference signal meets the minimum phase noise requirements listed in

Table 2.5.

Note:

If an external 10 MHz reference signal is applied to a unit with the optional internal
10 MHz reference signal, the external signal has priority. When the external signal is
removed from such units, the system automatically reverts to the internal 10 MHz
signal, requiring no additional user input.

Input to the IBUC 2 also includes AC or DC voltage (via the J3 connector) and DC
voltage for low-power units and an FSK signal via the J1 connector. The input
(L-band, FSK, 10 MHz, and DC via coaxial cable) is routed to the demultiplexer
circuitry where the various signals are split off and routed to the appropriate circuits
within the IBUC 2 . (Only IBUC 2s with direct DC or AC via the J3 connector feed
the power supply directly.) The input voltage from the demultiplexer circuitry is
routed to the power supply and the FSK signal is routed to the M&C card.

The external 10 MHz reference signal is routed to the multiplier circuitry where its
level is first detected and an alarm issued if the signal is low. However, if the signal
level is low and the system is equipped with the optional internal 10 MHz signal, the
system will automatically switch to the internal 10 MHz signal. The 10 MHz signal is
then multiplied to the frequency used for phase-locking purposes. The output of the
multiplier is routed to the phase detector circuitry where it is compared with the phase
of the DRO (dielectric resonator oscillator) signal sample and consequently generates
a voltage that is applied as a control voltage to the DRO to adjust its frequency. The
DRO has been optimized for phase noise at a single frequency based on the frequency
band of that particular IBUC 2 . The output of the DRO is amplified and routed to the
mixer.

Table 2.5

Internal 10 MHz Reference Signal Parameters

Minimum Maximum Condition

Phase Noise

-100 dBc/Hz 10 Hz

-130 dBc/Hz 100 Hz

-140 dBc/Hz 1 kHz

-145 dBc/Hz 10 kHz

Frequency Stability vs. Operating
T

emperature Range!

(referenced to frequency at +25 °C)

-100 ppb +100 ppb -40 °C to +85 °C

Tuning Range!
(referenced to nominal frequency)

±3 ppm ±10 ppm

Tuning Slope Positive

System Components | 2-9

The L-band signal that is split off in the demultiplexer circuitry is first filtered and a
sample of it detected for input power detection and control purposes. The signal is then
amplified, and goes through a variable attenuator. The attenuation is used to provide
an attenuation adjustment of 30 dB in 0.1 dB steps and to provide automatic level
control (ALC) or automatic gain control (AGC).

After additional amplification and filtering, the signal is routed to the mixer. The
L-band signal is then mixed with the DRO signal to “upconvert” to the appropriate RF
signal based on the frequency band of the IBUC 2 . The RF signal is filtered,
amplified, and then routed to the temperature compensation circuitry. The temperature
compensation circuitry has been calibrated so that the IBUC 2 gain does not vary more
than 3 dB at any given frequency.

Note:

Some units can vary up to 4 dB at any given frequency.

The signal is then routed through an isolator to the solid-state power amplifier (SSPA).
Some models have an additional mechanical filter between the isolator and the SSPA.
The SSPA amplifies the signal which is then routed to the output through an isolator
for reverse power protection. The RF output is detected for M&C purposes. The
IBUC 2 gain has been calibrated so that at minimum attenuation, a -30 dBm input
results in rated power of at least P1dB at the output at any frequency or temperature.

Note:

Ka-band BUC 2 rated power is measured at P

SAT

.

To operate at lower power levels, reduce the input to the IBUC 2 or reduce the IBUC 2
gain by using the variable attenuator, accessible using any of the M&C interfaces. The
output of a C-band IBUC 2 is a CPR137G waveguide or an N-type connector, the
output of an X-band is a CPR112G waveguide, the output of a Ku-band IBUC 2 is a
WR75 cover with groove waveguide, the output of a DBS-band IBUC 2 is a
WR62 UG cover with groove waveguide, and the output of a Ka-band IBUC 2 is a
WR28 UG cover with groove waveguide.

Figure 2.3 depicts the signal flow for units that are DC powered and Figure 2.4 depicts

the signal flow for units that are AC powered.

2-10 | Functional Description

Figure 2.3

IBUC 2 Block Diagram (for DC-powered systems)

J1

J2

RF OUT

FAN

Monitor and Control (M&C)

RS485
RS232

HHT

Alarm

Switch Control

VDC

VDC

FSK

External 10 MHz

L-band

DC/DC

Power Supply

De-Mux

Detector

Multiplier

Detector

Gain Adjust ALC/AGC

External

10 MHz

M&C

M&C

M&C

M&C

M&C

M&C

FSK

PL DRO

M&C

Temp
Comp

SSPA

M&C

Detector

Internal
10 MHz

All Circuits

VDC

M&C

J3

J4

TCP/IP

System Components | 2-11

Figure 2.4

IBUC 2 Block Diagram (for AC-powered systems)

J1

J2

RF OUT

FAN

Monitor and Control (M&C)

RS485
RS232

HHT

Alarm

Switch Control

VAC

FSK

External 10 MHz

L-band

AC/DC

Power Supply

De-Mux

Detector

Multiplier

Detector

Gain Adjust ALC/AGC

External

10 MHz

M&C

M&C

M&C

M&C

M&C

FSK

PL DRO

M&C

Temp
Comp

SSPA

M&C

Detector

Internal

10 MHz

All Circuits

M&C

J3 J4

TCP/IP

2-12 | Functional Description

Software

The IBUC 2 monitors and controls numerous parameters and has features which
simplify installation and use and enhance system performance.

Some of these key features include:

• Monitor and Control

The IBUC 2 can be monitored and controlled through an assortment of interfaces
including RS232, RS485, Ethernet port, an optional hand-held terminal or via an
FSK link with compatible modems. The FSK link is multiplexed on the L-band
IFL thus eliminating the need for an additional cable and simplifying installation.
See

Chapter 3, Monitor and Control Features, for a full description of these

functions.

• Tx Attenuation

The gain of the unit can be set over a 30 dB range in 0.1 dB steps.

• Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

The IBUC 2 continuously monitors input and output levels. When AGC is
enabled, the gain of the system is maintained at a constant level by an internal
algorithm. Gain is the difference between output power and input power.

• Automatic Level Control (ALC)

Similar to the AGC system, when ALC is enabled, the gain is adjusted to maintain
a constant output level.

• Redundancy

The IBUC 2 senses automatically when configured as a redundant system. This
logic is built-in—eliminating the need for an external switching controller.

• Embedded Web Pages

Provides management for small networks by using a Web browser.

• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Provides integration of IP M&C in existing network management systems.

• Burst Operation

Enables operation in burst mode. The IBUC 2 reports average output power of
valid bursts (above a burst threshold) when in burst mode.

• Alarm History (with time stamps)

A log of alarms that occur is maintained. This can simplify troubleshooting of the
system (especially when an intermittent problem occurs).

System Components | 2-13

• Sensors

A series of internal sensors enable you to verify performance and to troubleshoot
the system. Sensors include internal temperature, 10 MHz input detector, supply
voltage, current consumption, phase-locked dielectric resonator oscillator
(PLDRO) lock voltage, input level and output level.

System Configurations

Figure 2.5 to Figure 2.7 show typical earth station installations using Terrasat block

upconverters. In normal operation, the IBUC 2 and the low-noise block
downconverter (LNB) are mounted outdoors. Depending on the model of the IBUC 2,
the PSUI can be mounted indoors or outdoors. The IBUC 2 and the LNB can interface
directly with a satellite modem, a 70 MHz to L-band rack converter, a modem
combiner network, or an interface unit (IFU).

Table 2.6 lists the requirements for

proper operation.

Certain considerations must be made when selecting the IFL because appropriate
shielding and signal levels are required for normal system operation. The IBUC 2 is
designed to operate with a -30 dBm Tx L-band input signal to achieve rated power at
maximum gain/minimum attenuation. The IBUC 2 provides a variable attenuator that
is accessible through the various M&C interfaces that enables the gain of the unit to be
reduced by up to 30 dB in 0.1 dB steps. The attenuator can be used to prevent

Table 2.6

Basic System Requirements

IBUC 2

LNB

DC supply DC supply

~ from the modem ~ from the modem

~ from the IFU ~ from the IFU

~ from the outdoor PSUI 10 MHz reference signal

~ from the indoor PSUI ~ internally referenced

~ from the telecom station ~ externally referenced

AC supply ~ free running

~ AC mains RF input

10 MHz reference signal ~ from the antenna

~ internally referenced

~ externally referenced

L-band signal

2-14 | Functional Description

overdrive to the IBUC 2 in configurations with a short cable run (or IFL), thus
preserving the dynamic range of the modem. In addition, the internally referenced
IBUC 2 and the internally referenced LNB must have a 10 MHz input signal at
+5 dBm to -12 dBm for the IBUC 2, and 0 dB to -10 dBm for the LNB. The
maximum voltage drop for a 24 VDC IBUC 2 is 4 volts and the maximum drop for a
48 VDC IBUC 2 is 11 volts. For AC-powered IBUC 2s, the range is 100 VAC to
240 VAC.

Note:

The system configurations in Figure 2.5 to Figure 2.7 depict an external 10 MHz
reference signal; however, an optional internal 10 MHz reference signal is available.

System Components | 2-15

Figure 2.5

DC Power System Configuration

!

R

S

2

3

2

o

r

R

S

4

8

5

"

!

F

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IBUC 2

LNB

Hand-Held

!

Terminal

OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTINDOOR EQUIPMENT

48 VDC

100-240 VAC

T

x

L

-

b

a

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d

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2-16 | Functional Description

Figure 2.6

DC Power System Configuration with IFU

Rx L-band

Tx L-band / FSK

I

F

U

S

A

T

E

L

L

I

T

E

M

O

DE

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4

8

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LNB

Hand-Held

Terminal

OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTINDOOR EQUIPMENT

!

R

S

2

3

2

o

r

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4

8

5

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System Components | 2-17

Figure 2.7

AC Power System Configuration

I

B

U

C

2

LNB

Hand-Held

Terminal

S

A

T

E

L

L

I

T

E

M

O

D

E

M

OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTINDOOR EQUIPMENT

!

R

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3

2

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4

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100-240 VAC

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2-18 | Functional Description

Storage Information

There are no storage limitations on the IBUC 2 or 1+1 interfaces for
redundant systems other than avoiding excessive exposure beyond the

-45 °C to +65 °C external ambient temperature.

Introduction | 3-1

C H A P T E R

C

HAPTER

3

M

ONITOR AND

C

ONTROL

F

EATURES

This chapter describes the various monitor and control (M&C) features and functions
that the IBUC 2 offers.

Introduction

You must first establish a communication link with the IBUC 2 to be able access any
of the M&C interfaces.

M&C Interfaces

The IBUC 2 offers the following M&C interfaces:

• RS232

• Hand-held terminal

• Multifunction LED

• Frequency Shift Keying Modem Interface

• RS485

• Ethernet

RS232

No additional configuration of the IBUC 2 is required for proper RS232 operation.
The RS232 port uses ASCII protocol and a fixed baud rate of 9600, 8 stop bits, no
parity, no flow control, and one stop bit for communication.

3-2 | Monitor and Control Features

To initiate an RS232 session,

1. Connect a 19-pin to DB9F cable between the computer and the IBUC 2.

Figure G.1 on page G-2 contains a drawing for fabricating a cable.

2. Activate a terminal emulation program such as HyperTerminal.
For information about how to connect using HyperTerminal, see

Appendix B, Us-

ing HyperTerminal

.

3. Type four grave accent marks (e.g., ` ` ` ` ), and then press Enter.
Although the default mode for the IBUC 2 is RS232, typing the four grave accent
marks upon activating a terminal emulation program ensures that the unit is in
RS232 mode.

4. Type the password command CPE=1234 and then press Enter.
You can now use the ASCII commands described in

Appendix C, ASCII Com-

mand/Response Structure

to configure and monitor the IBUC 2.

Note:

The password entered in Step 4 is the factory default password of 1234. If you
have changed the password, type that value instead.

The RS232 port is shared with the hand-held terminal.

Hand-held Terminal

The hand-held terminal (HHT) shown in Figure 3.1 is an optional item that can be
used to access the IBUC 2 via port J2 for local monitor and control. No additional
configuration of the IBUC 2 is necessary.

M&C Interfaces | 3-3

Figure 3.1

IBUC 2 Hand-held Terminal

To activate the HHT,

1. Connect the supplied cable to the J2 connector on the IBUC 2 and plug the RJ-11

connector into the HHT.

2. When a flashing cursor is seen in the upper left of the HHT screen, press the

decimal key four times (that is, “. . . .”).

The login screen shown in Figure D.1 on page D-2 will appear.

3. Type the password.
The default password is 1234. If you have changed the password, type that value
instead.

The HHT is now ready to accept commands.

F1 F2 F3 F4

1 2 3

654

987

.

0

SPACE ENTER

BKSP

NO

YES

3-4 | Monitor and Control Features

Additional information about the HHT is in Appendix D, IBUC 2 Hand-held Terminal

Menu Tree

.

Multifunction LED

The multifunction LED is mounted on the IBUC 2 housing and provide visual
indications of IBUC 2 status. LED colors and modes are as follows:

• Flashing Green - No alarms

• Flashing Red - Minor alarm being reported

• Steady Red - Major alarm being reported

Certain alarms are configurable meaning that you define them as major or minor
alarms when thresholds you set are exceeded. Major alarms will cause relay closure
(Form-C). The alarms shown in

Table 3.1 are the factory default configuration.

Thresholds for alarms that are user configurable can be set by using any of the M&C
interfaces described in this chapter.

Table 3.1

Default Alarm Configuration

Alarm State

Major Minor None

Tx Alarms

User

Configurable

Solid RED

Flashing Red

Log Only

DRO out of lock No X

Tx Output Level High Yes X

Tx Output Level Low Yes X

Tx Input Level High Yes X

Tx Input Level Low Yes X

Temperature Alarm Yes X

Tx Simulated Fault No X

10 MHz Reference Fault No X

Input Voltage Out of Range No X

Switch Fault No X

Input Current Out of

Range No X

AGC/ALC Target Out of Range No X

AGC/ALC Out of Range No X

AGC/ALC Not Settled No X

M&C Interfaces | 3-5

You can disable the multifunction LED. Use the ASCII command “CLE” described in

Appendix F, the “External LED” command described in Appendix E, the hand-held

terminal described in

Appendix E to disable the LEDs, or the System Configuration

Tab of the Web pages described in

Appendix C.

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Modem Interface

Several modem brands have the capability to communicate with an IBUC 2 using an
FSK signal multiplexed onto the IF output connector with the Tx IF signal and the
10 MHz reference signal. The default configuration for the IBUC 2 is RS485/FSK
Mode 1 which enables compatible modems to use “Legacy Binary” mode to
communicate with the IBUC 2. The IBUC 2 is also capable of FSK communication
using ASCII mode but requires a modem compatible with this method. Refer to the
modem’s documentation for more information about commands and procedures for
FSK communication with the IBUC 2.

FSK and RS485 are tied together by the mode of operation (Legacy Binary or ASCII).
Once the mode is selected, both FSK and RS485 will work in the same mode. FSK and
RS485 also share a common address. The message formats for both FSK and RS485
are the same. Transmitter link specifications are detailed in

Table 3.2 and receiver link

specifications are detailed in

Table 3.3.

FSK data is transmitted at 9600 baud with 8 data bits, no parity, no flow control, and
one stop bit.

Table 3.2

Transmitter Link Specifications

Frequency

650 KHz ±5%

FSK Deviation

±60 KHz nominal (+60 KHz mark)

Deviation Tolerance

±50 KHz minimum; ±70 KHz maximum

Output Level

-5 dBm to -15 dBm

Output Impedance

50

"

Start Tone

710 KHz

Start Tone Time

10 ms

Table 3.3

Receiver Link Specifications

Locking Range

±32.5 KHz

Input Impedance

50 "

Input Sensitivity

-15 dBm

3-6 | Monitor and Control Features

Synchronization is maintained by the following method:

1. Once a character is received and the inter-character time exceeds 20 ms, then the

link will reset.
The IBUC 2 is capable of responding to messages at a rate of one every 20 ms.

2. If the IBUC 2 does not respond within the maximum response time, the command

should be cyclically repeated.

Note:

This synchronization method is true only for Legacy Binary mode (not ASCII).

RS485

The RS485 interface is intended primarily as a network management system (NMS)
interface accessed by an NMS program. You can also access the RS485 interface with
the host computer by using the host computer’s on-board RS485 card or by using an
external RS232 to RS485 adapter. You can communicate with the IBUC 2 across
RS485 through ASCII or through the binary protocol known as “Legacy Binary.”

The RS485 interface is a standard two-wire interface (DATA+ and DATA-). The baud
rate is programmable to 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, or 115200
baud. The data is transmitted asynchronously as 8 bits, no parity, no flow control, and
one stop bit.

To configure RS485, you will need to set the following:

• RS485 Address

• RS485 Delay

• RS485 Baud rate

• Legacy Binary or ASCII mode

You can configure RS485 by using any of the M&C interfaces described in this
chapter.

ASCII Mode

Because Legacy Binary is the default RS485 setting for the IBUC 2, you will need to
reconfigure the IBUC 2 in order to use ASCII mode. You can specify ASCII mode by
using any of the M&C interfaces described in this chapter.

Communication requires an on-board RS485 card in the host computer. However, if
an external interface converter box is used to convert RS232 to RS485, a terminal
emulation program such as HyperTerminal will not function unless the interface
converter box is equipped with an automatic line turnaround capability. Otherwise, a
network management program is required to handle this handshaking requirement.

M&C Interfaces | 3-7

In HyperTerminal, type the password command, and then press Enter. For example,

<001/CPE=1234 where <001/ is the address of the IBUC 2 and 1234 is the

default password. When the > prompt re-appears, the IBUC 2 is ready to accept
commands.

ASCII Mode Command Format

Table 3.4 lists the differences between SET and GET commands in ASCII Mode.

For GET Commands, the format is as follows:

<address/command[CR}

Example: <0001/COI{CR}

For SET Commands, the format is as follows:

<address/command=XXX[CR}

Example: <0001/CPE=1234{CR}

ASCII Mode Response Format

• Start of Packet: > (ASCII code 62; 1 character)

• Target Address: (4 characters)

• Address De-limiter: / (ASCII code 47; 1 character)

• Variable Length Data: (n characters)

Table 3.4

ASCII Mode Command Format

SET Commands GET Commands

Start of Packet: < !
(ASCII code 60; 1 character)

Start of Packet: < !
(ASCII code 60; 1 character)

Target Address: (4 characters) Target Address: (4 characters)

Address De-limiter: / !
(ASCII code 47; 1 character)

Address De-limiter: / !
(ASCII code 47; 1 character)

Instruction code: (3

characters) Instruction code: (3 characters)

Code qualifier: = !
(ASCII code 61 or 63; 1 character)

See

Appendix C for a list of ASCII codes

End of Packet: Carriage Return !
(ASCII code 13; 1 character)

Arguments: (n chara

cters) —

End of Packet: Carriage Return !
(ASCII code 13; 1 character)

—

3-8 | Monitor and Control Features

• End of Packet: Carriage Return (ASCII code 13; 1 character)

Example: >0001/{Variable Length Data}{CR}

Commands and values available in ASCII mode are provided in the command set in

Appendix C.

Legacy Binary Mode

Legacy Binary mode is the default RS485 setting for the IBUC 2. In Legacy Binary
Mode, using the BUCMON program that is included on the CD-ROM which
accompanies the unit is the simplest method of communicating with the IBUC 2. If
you do not have access to the BUCMON program, you will need to use a separate
network management program.

For the RS485 interface, the packet is encapsulated inside a data link layer packet
which has an address “header” byte and a checksum “trailer” byte.

Table 3.5 contains

the packet format.

Each transmitted command data packet consists of the seven bytes shown in

Table 3.6.

Where

• Byte 1 contains the IBUC 2 address that is being queried.

The IBUC 2 will accept a command only if the first byte contains the appropriate
address.

• Byte 2 contains the major command.

See

Appendix D for possible commands.

• Byte 3, Byte 4, Bye 5, and Byte 6 contain the specific command response values.

See

Appendix D for possible command responses.

Table 3.5

Packet Format

Byte Description

1

RS485 destination address of co

mmand. For responses, responder address is

shifted left by 4 bits.

2 through 6 Command or response packet data.

7 CHECKSUM: the sum of bytes should equal zero.

Table 3.6

IBUC 2 Data Packet Byte Configuration

Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Byte 4 Byte 5 Byte 6 Byte 7

IBUC 2
Address

Command Data Byte 1 Data Byte 2 Data Byte 3 Data Byte 4 Check Sum

M&C Interfaces | 3-9

• Byte 7 contains the algebraic sum of Bytes 1 through 6.

Commands are executed only if the checksum coincides.

For more information about response data packet configuration, see

Appendix E,

Legacy Binary Command Message Structure

.

Ethernet

Using Ethernet, you can communicate with the IBUC 2 through Telnet (ASCII), the
onboard Web server (HTTP), or through SNMP. The IBUC 2 uses a static IP
addressing structure and does not support DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol).

The IBUC 2 is configured at the factory, as follows:

IP Address 192.168.1.21

IP Gateway 192.168.1.1

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0

Telnet Port 23

Note:

Your computer should have a static IP address on the same subnet as the IBUC 2.
Using a suitable cable, connect the computer to the J2 connector on the IBUC 2.

Note:

If an Ethernet hub is not used to connect to the IBUC 2, a crossover cable must be
used. However, most current Ethernet cards have an auto-sensing feature which
enables the use of a straight connect cable.

Determining the IP Address of Your IBUC

2

Follow these steps to determine the IP address of your unit:

1. Attach an Ethernet cable between your computer and the J4 connector of the IBUC 2.

2. Open a Web browser window and navigate to the Support page of the Terrasat
Communications, Inc. website at

www.terrasatinc.com/support.htm

3. Double-click the IBUC v1.xx file name, as shown in Figure 3.2.

Note:

In Figure 3.2, the version shown is v1.22; your version number may vary.

3-10 | Monitor and Control Features

Figure 3.2

Location of Downloads on Terrasat Website

4. After you double-click the file name, a dialog box similar to the one shown in

Figure 3.3 appears that asks you whether you want to open or save the .zip file.

Click Open.

M&C Interfaces | 3-11

Figure 3.3

Download Instructions for .zip File

5. The contents of the .zip file appear as shown in Figure 3.4. Double-click the file
named UDPDownload-2004-09-05.

Figure 3.4

Contents of the IBUCUpgrade_v122 .zip File

6. A dialog box similar to the one shown in Figure 3.5 appears.
Click Run.

3-12 | Monitor and Control Features

Figure 3.5

Extracting the .zip Files

7. A Security Warning dialog box, similar to the one shown in Figure 3.6, appears.

Click Run.

Figure 3.6

Security Warning Dialog Box

8. The program begins to search for the IP address of any connected IBUC 2 that is

on the same subnet as the computer, and then displays that information in a
window similar to the one shown in

Figure 3.7.

M&C Interfaces | 3-13

Note:

Be sure to record the IP address for future reference.

Figure 3.7

Results Window

However, if your unit is not on the same subnet as your computer, your results
window will be blank like the one shown in

Figure 3.8. Because there are no

matches, the message “Searching for boards.” will repeat.

Figure 3.8

Blank Results Window

9. To stop the program, click Abort, and then click Exit.

You can re-start the program when the unit and the computer are on the same subnet.

3-14 | Monitor and Control Features

Telnet

Telnet is a simple, text-based program that enables you to connect to another computer
by using the Internet. You can connect to the IBUC 2 by using a Telnet client from the
host PC. Telnet uses the ASCII command set listed in

Appendix F, ASCII Command/

Response Structure

. The default port for Telnet is 23. Characters are echoed back to
the user. The response format varies depending on the message setting type. If the
verbose setting is used, the response contains formatting characters which display
neatly to the user. If the terse setting is used, the response contains no formatting
characters and is terminated with LF and CR. If verbose mode is used, the response is
terminated with IBUC>.

To initiate a session,

1. Activate a command prompt window from the host computer.

2. Type Telnet 192.168.1.21 and a cursor should appear on the left of the

screen.

3. Type the password command CPE=1234.

You can now use ASCII commands to configure and monitor the IBUC 2. See

Appendix C for more information.

Web Server

You can access embedded Web pages that contain status and configuration
information.

Connect to the IBUC 2 M&C and type the IP address of the IBUC 2 through a Web
browser. A login page then appears. After login, you have a choice of eight Web pages
(nine pages if using redundant IBUC 2s) with monitoring, control, and alarm
information. Individual pages are displayed by clicking the tabs at the top of the Web
page frame. On a redundant transmit system, the display area will contain two frames.
The left side will display the A: side IBUC 2 and the right will display the B: side
IBUC 2. See

Appendix C for Web page layouts.

To initiate a session,

1. Activate a Web browser window from the host computer.

2. Type the IP Address of the IBUC 2 in the address window, and then press Enter.

See

Appendix C for more information about the options available on each Web page.

SNMP

The IBUC 2 supports SNMP version 1.0 protocol. The SNMP agent listens on Port
161 for SNMP messages and uses Port 162 for transmitting trap information. SNMP

M&C Interfaces | 3-15

can be configured from the HHT, RS232, Telnet, Web pages, FSK, and RS485
interfaces (ASCII mode required for FSK and RS485).

The MIB-II system group is implemented beginning with version 1.04.

The following commands configure SNMP operation on the IBUC 2:

• CIT – Enables or disables the SNMP trap capabilities of the IBUC 2.

CIT=1 Enable traps. SNMP must be enabled to generate traps (CIS=1).

CIT=0 Disable traps.

CIT? Displays the current setting of traps.

• CIS – Enables or disables the SNMP functionality of the IBUC 2.

CIS=1 Enable SNMPV1.

CIS=0 Disable SNMPV1.

CIS? Displays the current setting of SNMP functionality.

• CIH – Sets the IP address to send traps.

CIH=<value> where value is an IP address in dotted decimal notation.

CIH? Retrieves the current trap IP address from the IBUC 2.

• CIC – Sets the SNMP passwords for the IBUC 2.

CIC=<public>,<private>,<trap> where public is the public password, private is the
private password, and trap is the trap password.

All three passwords are required when issuing this command.

Each password cannot exceed 16 characters.

Passwords may not be read for security purposes.

To configure SNMP using the hand-held terminal (HHT),

1. Connect the HHT to the IBUC 2 by using the 19-pin connector.

2. Press the decimal key four times (e.g., . . . .).

3. Type the password.
The default password is 1234.

4. Press the right arrow key to access the SNMP submenu.

5. Press the 0 key.

6. Press Yes to enable SNMP.

7. Press the Bksp key.

8. Press 1 key.

9. Press Yes to enable traps.

3-16 | Monitor and Control Features

10. Press the Bksp key.

11. Press the 2 key.

12. Type the trap host IP address.

Note:

Community strings cannot be set from the hand-held terminal.

To configure SNMP from the Web pages,

1. Connect to the IBUC 2 with a Web browser.

The default IP address is http://192.168.1.21.

2. Type the password.
The default password is 1234.

3. Select the Interface Configuration tab.

4. Enable SNMP, SNMP Trap, host trap IP, and set passwords, if desired.
The default is public, private, and trap.

5. Press Submit.

Note:

Changing the SNMP passwords requires a firmware reboot.

MIBs

Management information bases (MIBs) are hierarchical virtual databases used to
manage the devices in a communications network. The following MIBs are provided
for the SNMP management station:

• TERRASAT-IBUC-MIB.MIB

• TERRASAT-RX1PLUS1-MIB.MIB

• TERRASAT-SMI-MIB.MIB

• TERRASAT-SSPA-MIB.MIB

• TERRASAT-TC-MIB.MIB

• TERRASAT-TRAPDEF-MIB.MIB

MIB files are included on the CD-ROM supplied with each IBUC 2. The MIB files do
not need to be loaded in any particular order.

Power Measurement

The Terrasat IBUC 2 is capable of accurately reading the input and output power for a
single carrier in either continuous signal mode (CSM) or in burst mode. The dynamic
range for input power is from -55 dBm to -20 dBm and for output power the dynamic
range is from rated power to 20 dB below rated power. Each unit is loaded with a
detector calibration lookup table that compensates for detector variations in frequency,

Power Measurement | 3-17

power level, and temperature. The reported power level is then based on the
user-requested frequency and the internally monitored temperature and power level. If
multiple carriers are present, the composite transmit power level is read but accuracy
is dependent upon the actual carrier frequencies, levels, and modulation being used.

The power measurement occurs in the following two ways:

1. Burst Mode

In burst power measurement mode it is assumed that, in normal operation, a
transmit carrier may or not be present due to the nature of burst mode operation.
Since the transmit burst pulse has a rise time and a fall time and the envelope level
varies during symbol transitions when the signal is modulated, the power must be
reported as a peak value. To maintain detected accuracy of the burst pulse, 128
consecutive measurements of the pulse are taken. Once the initial reading exceeds
the burst threshold, 128 consecutive readings are taken (regardless of level). The
highest value of the 128 is displayed. The IBUC 2 reports the most recent valid
reading above the burst threshold.

Burst Time: 500 µs to 1 s

Measurement accuracy: ± 2 dB absolute, 1.5 dB p-p relative. Accuracy is
improved as the burst threshold setting is raised closer to the carrier peak.

The detector accuracy is based on a pulsed unmodulated signal with a pulse width
of 500 µs.

2. Continuous Signal Mode (CSM)

In CSM power measurement mode, it is assumed that, in normal operation, a
transmit carrier is always present. Therefore, reported power is the peak power
over 128 consecutive readings.

Measurement accuracy: ±1 dB absolute, 1 dB p-p relative*

The detector accuracy is based on a CW unmodulated carrier.

* Relative measurement accuracy defines the error between any two power
readings at any particular frequency over the dynamic range.

Notes:

To make the given accuracy achievable, the operating transmit frequency
information must be provided via M&C in order to use the information in the
detector’s internal calibration look-up table.

By default, the unit will be set to perform CSM measurements.

3-18 | Monitor and Control Features

This page intentionally left blank

for double-sided printing.

Introduction | 4-1

C H A P T E R

C

HAPTER

4

I

NSTALLATION

This chapter contains the general requirements for installing the Terrasat outdoor unit
(ODU).

Introduction

The ODU consists of an intelligent block upconverter (IBUC 2) and a low-noise block
converter (LNB). An indoor interface unit (IFU) and a power supply unit (PSUI) can
also be part of the configuration.

General Requirements

Unpacking

Check to make sure that the ODU has not suffered damage in shipment. If there is any
damage, contact the shipper before proceeding. If you need to declare any equipment

WARNING

For protection of personnel and equipment,
use care when installing the antenna and
whenever working on or around the system.!

Follow standard safety precautions with
hand and/or power tools.!

Use care in working with high AC voltages
and microwave emissions.

4-2 | Installation

as damaged during transit, save the original shipping cartons to facilitate inspection
reporting.

Terrasat recommends retaining and re-using all shipping cartons and foam forms if the
equipment will be stored or reshipped. The cartons should be clearly marked to
indicate that they contain fragile electronic equipment.

Compare the contents of the shipping container with the packing list to ensure all
items have been received. If any item is missing, contact Terrasat.

Furnished Items

The following items are furnished with Terrasat Communications, Inc. IBUC 2s:

• An IBUC 2 with an integrated solid state power amplifier (SSPA)

• Product documentation CD

• Waveguide gaskets and hardware (waveguide units only)

• Test datasheet

• DC supply mating connector (for units with DC supply)

Figure G.4 on page G-5 contains information about fabricating a DC supply cable

• AC supply mating connector (for units with AC supply)

Figure G.5 on page G-6 contains information about fabricating an AC supply

cable.

• Sealing tape for Type-N connector

• 5 g pouch of Permatex anti-seize lubricant

The anti-seize lubricant is a heavy duty high-temperature lubricant that prevents
galling, seizing, and corrosion of fasteners during assembly and facilitates
disassembly of parts exposed to heat or corrosive environments.

• Fuses

The fuses are intended for 220 VAC operation and are supplied only with units
that operate over the range of 100 VAC to 240 VAC.

• 19-pin monitor and control (M&C) mating connector (optional)

• IP67 industrial RJ45 mating connector (optional)

• Mounting bracket and bolts (optional)

General Requirements | 4-3

Figure 3.1 illustrates the contents of the shipping carton of an IBUC 2 as it leaves the

factory.

Figure 4.1

Contents of IBUC 2 Shipping Carton

Accessories

The following are optional accessories:

• A hand-held terminal and cable

• A waveguide Rx reject filter

• A four-way combiner/divider module

• TCP/IP test cable

• Waveguide pieces

• IFL cables (for example, LMR-400)

• Installation kits

Note:

Exact contents of the shipping carton vary according to the model and type of IBUC 2.

IBUC 2

Assorted Hardware

M&C Mating

Connector

Sealing

Tape

Permatex

Lubricant

Installation Drawing

Product

Documentation CD

4-4 | Installation

Installing the ODU

Consider the following when preparing to install the ODU.

Tools and Test Equipment

Have on hand a standard electrician's tool kit and any tools listed in the antenna
manufacturer's installation instructions.

Site Considerations

The ODU is designed to be mounted on or near the antenna. Locate and install the
antenna according to instructions supplied by the antenna manufacturer. Choose an
area that is free of interference from motors or other electrical equipment and that has
a clear line of sight from the antenna to the satellite. Lightning arrestors should be
used at the site to protect personnel and equipment. Use size 3/0 or 4/0 AWG
(American Wire Gauge) stranded copper wire to ground the IBUC 2 to the antenna
frame and to the lightning protection ground rod. For higher power units with an
external power supply, Terrasat recommends using an isolation filter to reduce power
line interference.

Mounting Considerations

Optional mounting brackets are available to facilitate mounting on most antennas.

The ODU must be mounted such that:

• The IBUC 2 has sufficient support to minimize the effects of antenna sway in
strong winds.

• The fan intake and exhausts are free from any obstruction.

• The heat fins have air movement across them.

Throughout installation and during any polarization, azimuth or elevation adjustment,
ensure that cables and waveguide are not crimped or pinched. Ensure that there is
adequate slack in the cable.

Note:

Terrasat recommends mounting the ODU so that the louvers of the fan shroud are
facing the ground.

General Requirements | 4-5

Power Requirements

For IBUC 2s with a rated power level of 25 watts and below for C-band, 20 watts and
below for X-band, 16 watts and below for Ku-band, 8 watts and below for DBS-band,
and 10 watts and below for Ka-band; the power for the IBUC 2 can come either from
the IFL supplied from the Terrasat indoor IFU equipped with a 200 watt power supply
or from a satellite modem equipped with a suitable IBUC 2 power supply. DC power
for these lower-power IBUC 2s can also be supplied directly through the external
power connector (J3) by using the Terrasat 250 watt outdoor power supply. Refer to
the part number label on the unit (shown in

Figure A.1 on page A-1) to determine

voltage requirements. Ensure that the 24 VDC input voltage is from 20 VDC through
28 VDC and that the 48 VDC input is from 37 VDC through 60 VDC.

Outdoor Power Supply

IBUC 2s with a rated power level higher than 25 watt C-band, 20 watt X-band, 16 watt
Ku-band, or 10 watt DBS-band require a separate power supply. Terrasat offers a
1000 watt outdoor power supply unit (PSUI) good for all power levels. Units that get
their power from the earth (or telecom) station do not require an external power
supply. Power supplies have an autoranging AC front end that works with both
115 VAC and 230 VAC.

Note:

The IBUC 2 is be configured at the factory as floating. Ensure that the correct polarity
is applied to any unit.

All IBUC 2s that are AC powered and all Terrasat outdoor PSUIs are furnished with a
detachable AC power connector that is used to connect and disconnect power. When
connecting the AC connector to the AC power source, the wiring must include a
15 amp or 20 amp circuit breaker. A disconnect device (such as a circuit breaker or
mains supply plug on the power supply cord) that is readily accessible must also be

WARNING

Installation and connection to the line power
supply must be made in compliance with
applicable wiring codes and regulations.

4-6 | Installation

provided. Any outdoor AC connections should be made using suitable connectors or
boxes with an IEC protection class of at least IP65.

If a circuit breaker is not easily accessible as a disconnecting device, the input
connector will be the disconnecting device. In this case, the socket-outlet must be
installed near the equipment and must be easily accessible for pluggable equipment.

All AC-powered IBUC 2s and the Terrasat outdoor PSUI are furnished with mating
connectors for the AC mains power cable. To remain compliant with European Low
Voltage Directive (EN 60950-1), use a power cable that meets IEC 60227
requirements such as HAR Cable Designation H03VV-F or H03VVH2 -F and/or
others with water resistance for outdoor applications. Power cable plugs must also
comply with all applicable local and federal standards and regulations.

Indoor Power Supply

Terrasat offers 600 watt and 1000 watt indoor power supply units which provide
48 VDC power. The 600 watt PSUI can power C-band and X-band units through
60 watts, Ku-band units through 40 watts, DBS-band units through 25 watts and all
wattage Ka-band units. Each indoor PSUI is packaged in a rack-mountable chassis
which occupies one rack unit (1.75 in.) of space. The indoor PSUI is shipped with a
mating connector for DC power and a power cord for AC mains.

Note:

AC transients and surges can cause data transmission errors and loss of
synchronization in the modem and/or the ODU. Take proper precautions to ensure
uninterrupted service.

Grounding

Terrasat recommends the following grounding and lightning protection:

• Cable Shielding

Shield currents can be eliminated with proper techniques. A grounding strap at the
end of the coaxial and data cables should be connected to the ground lug at the
antenna base with a #4 gauge copper wire. This provides a path of least resistance
prior to entering the electronic equipment.

WARNING

Ensure AC power is off when connecting or
disconnecting the power supply unit’s power
cord. To turn off AC power to the unit, use
the installed circuit breaker or a similar
disconnecting device.

General Requirements | 4-7

• AC

The best way to protect the equipment is to have two protectors. The first is the
power mains protector that is mounted directly across the mains in the breaker box.
The second should be mounted or grounded directly at the base or hub of the
antenna or at the 19-in. rack.

• Data and Control Lines

The I/O lines can deliver surge current to the equipment and should also be
protected.

• Electrical Grounding

Grounding of the IBUC 2 and PSUI units is recommended to prevent possible
damage from lightning and/or other induced electrical surges. Terrasat
recommends the use of 3/0 or 4/0 AWG stranded copper wire for bonding the
IBUC 2 and the PSUI to the earth ground (grounding rod), using the most direct or
shortest route.

Antenna Recommendations

Most antenna masts are encapsulated in concrete. Typically, the mast pipe is
submerged in a 4 ft – 5 ft (1.22 m – 1.53 m) deep augured hole. This provides a good
Ufer ground. A Ufer ground, in this case, is defined such that concrete absorbs
moisture quickly and loses that moisture slowly (as much as 15 to 30 days after rain or
snow melt). The mineral properties of concrete and their inherent pH means concrete
has a supply of ions to conduct current. The soil around concrete becomes “doped” by
the concrete and, as a result, the pH of the soil rises. The moisture present in the
concrete, in combination with the “doped” soil, makes a good connector of electrical
energy. The concrete’s large volume and great area of contact with the surrounding
soil allows a good transfer to the ground.

In the concrete base, a Ufer ground can be established by running a #4 gauge solid
wire or rebar and connecting to the base of the pedestal with pigtails.

The Ufer ground is only one step in proper grounding. The Ufer ground should be
augmented with coupled pairs of 10 ft (3.05 m) ground rods, placed 20 ft (6.1 m) into
the ground, spaced 20 ft (6.1 m) apart. The first rod should be placed close to the
antenna. The second rod should be placed towards the equipment enclosure. A #2
gauge wire should connect the rods and antenna mount. A ground rod should be placed
at the equipment enclosure as well. If it is virtually impossible to install the ground
rods, then radials are needed. This can be accomplished by laying 10 or more lengths
of 1½-in. (3.81 cm) copper strap, at least 50 ft (15.24 m) long, in a radial fashion
around the antenna base. The straps should be buried, if possible. The hub must be
interconnected to the utility ground.

The ground configuration can vary from one location to another. It is best to measure
the soil conductivity and design a 5 " or less ground system. To protect the system

4-8 | Installation

from a direct strike, a lightning rod placed 2 ft (61 cm) higher than the highest point of
the dish should be interconnected to the Ufer ground with #2 gauge copper wire.

Antenna Mounting

The IBUC 2 has a variety of mounting options: on the focal point, the boom arm, the
antenna back structure, or in the hub depending on the antenna type.

Note:

Figure 4.2 and Figure 4.3 are photographs of actual installations.

General Requirements | 4-9

Figure 4.2

IBUC 2 Field Installation

4-10 | Installation

Figure 4.3

IBUC 2 Installation

General Requirements | 4-11

The IBUC 2 has mounting holes on both sides of the unit that can be used to attach the
IBUC 2 to the antenna. See

Figure 4.4 for the location of these mounting holes.

.

Figure 4.4

Location of Mounting Holes

There is also a single mounting hole located on the front of the IBUC 2 that is
identified in

Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2 on page 2-5. This mounting hole is on the same

axis as the center of the waveguide of the unit (that is, it is in line with the center of the
waveguide). This enables the unit to be rotated when mounted on the focal point of an
antenna.

Mounting Holes

4-12 | Installation

Optional mounting brackets are available which facilitate attachment to antennas. The
mounting slots identified in

Figure 3.4 give you flexibility when attaching the IBUC 2

to the antenna.

Note:

Ensure that the threads of the bolts used for mounting the IBUC 2 have been dipped in
the included Permatex anti-seize lubricant. This prevents galling, seizing, and
corrosion of fasteners during assembly and will facilitate future disassembly.

Figure 4.5

Location of Adjustment Slots on Optional Mounting Bracket

System Pressurization

The IBUC 2 chassis contains a breather valve (identified in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2
on

page 2-5) that is designed to equalize pressure inside and outside of the unit while

allowing the passage of air or water vapor but not environmental contaminants such as
liquids, debris, or dust. If you intend to pressurize the waveguide, you must install a
pressure window at the output of the IBUC 2, otherwise the breather valve will not
permit pressurization of the system.

Mounting Bracket Adjustment Slots

General Requirements | 4-13

System Cabling Requirements

Cables and Connectors

IBUC 2 interface connectors and their mates are listed in Table 4.1. Additional mating
connectors and/or cables can be ordered from Terrasat as optional items.

1 This is used only with units that are AC powered.

J1 – Transmit In The Tx In connector is a Type-N socket (Type-F socket, optional)
connector used to connect the IF at L-band from the modem to the IBUC 2. Use 50 $
cables (75 $ for Type-F connectors) to connect to J1. Certain considerations must be
taken when selecting the IFL because appropriate shielding and signal levels are
required for normal system operation. The IBUC 2 is designed to operate at rated
power with a -30 dBm Tx L-band input signal, with the variable attenuator set to
minimum attenuation. The variable attenuator is accessible through the M&C
interfaces for system gain adjustment.

In addition, the IBUC 2 must have a 10 MHz

Table 4.1

IBUC 2 Interface Connector Schedule

REFERENCE

DESIGNATOR

FUNCTION

INTERFACE

CONNECTOR

INTERFACE

CONNECTOR MATE

J1 Tx Input

TYPE-N SOCKET !
(TYPE-F SOCKET optional)

TYPE-N PLUG !
(TYPE-F PLUG optional)

J2 M&C Interface

AMPHENOL CIRCULAR, BOX
MOUNT

ING SOCKET, 19S !

(PT02E-14-19S (027))

AMPHENOL CIRCULAR, STRAIGHT
PLUG, 19P!
(PT06E-14-19P (476))

J3 DC Power

AMPHENOL CIRCULAR, BOX
MOUNTING SOCKET !
(ACS02E14S-6P (553))

AMPHENOL CIRCULAR, STRAIGHT
PL

UG !

(ACS06E14S-6S (553))

J3

1

AC Power

CONNECTOR, !
MALE RECEPTACLE, 3+PE !
(AMPHENOL C016 20C003 100 12)

CONNECTOR, !
FEMALE PLUG CABLE, 3+PE !
(AMPHENOL C016 20D003 110 12)

J4 Ethernet

RJ45-IP67 SHIELDED INLINE!
CONNECTOR WITH CAP

RJ45-IP67 PLUG

RF OUT C-band

CPR137, CPRG WAVEGUIDE or
TYPE-

N SOCKET

CPR137, CPRF WAVEGUIDE or
TYPE-N PLUG

RF OUT X-band CPR112, CPRG WAVEGUIDE CPR112, CPRF WAVEGUIDE

RF OUT Ku-band

WR75 COVER FLANGE WITH
GROOVE

WR75 COVER FLANGE

RF OUT DBS-band

WR62 COVER FLANGE WITH
GROO

VE

WR62 COVER FLANGE

RF OUT Ka-band

WR28 COVER FLANGE WITH
GROO

VE

WR28 COVER FLANGE

4-14 | Installation

input signal from +5 dBm through -12 dBm (only for IBUC 2s with an external
10 MHz signal). For IBUC 2s with both the optional internal 10 MHz reference signal
and an external 10 MHz signal, the external signal will automatically receive priority
without any user interaction.

For lower wattage units that are DC powered, the coaxial cable should be selected for
its current carrying capacity. A lower wattage IBUC 2 can draw up to 6.0 amps. The
maximum voltage drop for a 24 VDC IBUC 2 is 4 volts and the maximum voltage
drop for a 48 VDC IBUC 2 is 11 volts. The cable should also have good shielding
effectiveness in order to prevent outside interference.

Note:

The caution symbol (shown at left) that is printed on the chassis next to the J1
connector indicates that VDC may be present. In general, low-power units allow DC
power via coaxial cable. However, AC-powered units cannot be supplied via coaxial
cable.

Note:

Some modems provide an FSK communication link for M&C purposes via the same
interface (J1).

Fire codes may require that cables in occupied buildings be installed in steel conduit.
Local government agencies may waive this requirement with the use of Plenum
cables, which are standard cables encased in solid Teflon. Check codes for your area.

Note:

Equipment outage due to faulty installation is not covered by the Terrasat warranty.
Terrasat recommends following OEM procedures when making cables and
connectors.

J2 – M&C Interface The M&C Interface is a 19-pin, circular socket connector used
to enable remote monitoring and control of IBUC 2 operating parameters. Pin
assignments are shown in

Table 4.2. If the M&C port of the IBUC 2 is going to be

used, the cable should be a shielded multiconductor cable. See the IP cable drawing in

Appendix G for more information about fabricating a cable. An optional pre-

assembled IP test cable is available from Terrasat.

Table 4.2

Pin Assignments for IBUC 2 M&C Connector J2

Pin Function

A RS485 (+)

B RS485 (-)

C Hand-held Terminal Power (+)

D RS232 RXD

E RS232 TXD

General Requirements | 4-15

Note:

Pin F is the return to close the circuit for RS232.

J3 – DC Power DC power is supplied to the IBUC 2 through a 6-pin circular socket
connector. Pin assignments are listed in

Table 4.3.

Note:

The IBUC 2 is factory configured for floating supply. J3 is internally connected, and
has no VDC connection to Common.

Note:

The operating voltage is integrated into the model number of each IBUC 2. For more
information about the model number of your particular unit, see

Appendix A.

F HHT, RS232, RS485 Common

G Alarm out

H Not used

J Not used

K Not used

L IBUC

2 Alarm Output Normally Open

M IBUC

2 Alarm Output Common

N IBUC

2 Alarm Input/Mute

P IBUC

2 Alarm Output Normally Closed

R 1+1 Switch Command A

S 1+1 Switch Command B

T 1+1 Switch Indicator A

U 1+1 Switch Indicator B

V 1+1 Redundancy Enable

Table 4.2

Pin Assignments for IBUC 2 M&C Connector J2 (Continued)

Pin Function

Table 4.3

Pin Assignments for IBUC 2 DC Power Connector J3

Pin Function

A VDC -

B VDC -

C VDC -

D VDC +

E VDC +

F VDC +

4-16 | Installation

J3 – AC Power AC power is supplied to the IBUC 2 through a 3-pin plus ground
connector. The connector is configured as described in

Table 4.4.

J4 – Industrial Ethernet Connector The industrial Ethernet connector is an
IP67-rated RJ45 Cat. 5e interface with a locking protective cover.

RF Out The output of an X-band IBUC 2 is a CPR112, CPRG waveguide, output of a
Ku-band IBUC 2 is a WR75 cover with groove waveguide, output of a DBS-band
IBUC 2 is a WR62 cover with groove waveguide, and the output of a Ka-band IBUC 2
is a WR28 UG cover with groove waveguide.

Cable and Waveguide Connections

Table 4.4

Pin Assignments for IBUC 2 AC Power Connector J3

Pin Function

1 N/C

2 Neutral

3 Line

GND Ground

Table 4.5

Pin Assigments for IBUC 2 Ethernet Connector J4

Pin Function

1 Tx (+)

2 Tx (-)

3 Rx (+)

4 Not Used

5 Not Used

6 Rx (-)

7 Not Used

8 Not Used

WARNING

Ensure that all power is disconnected prior
to making any connections.

General Requirements | 4-17

When installing the cable and waveguide assemblies, ensure that all connections are
weather tight. If an Rx reject filter is being used, attach it to the IBUC 2 waveguide
output. Use proper gasketing methods to prevent the entry of water.

Water-Resistant Wrap

Terrasat recommends applying water-resistant wrap (such as mastic tape) to all
outdoor connectors to prevent water entry and subsequent water damage. Mastic tapes
are designed to flow and self-heal if cut or punctured. When applied spirally with the
proper tension, mastic tapes form a tight continuous coating that permits little or no
moisture absorption or penetration. Terrasat provides water-resistant sealing tape for
Type-F and Type-N connectors.

Apply the mastic tape, as follows:

1. Ensure that all connectors are firmly tightened, dry, and free from all grease, dust,
and dirt.

2. Cut the mastic tape to the desired size. The tape should be long enough to cover the
connector completely.

3. Center the tape on the connector to be sealed and wrap the tape in a tight spiral
around the connector using a 50% overlap. Squeeze the tape tightly and ensure that
both ends of the tape have formed around the connector and the cable without any
gaps.

Apply the tape to all connectors that may be exposed to moisture.

Applying the Anti-Seize Lubricant

Terrasat recommends applying anti-seize lubricant to screws and bolts that could be
exposed to weathering or corrosive environments. The lubricant prevents galling,
seizing, and corrosion during assembly and facilitates future disassembly. A 5 g
packet of Permatex Anti-Seize Lubricant is included with the installation kit for this
purpose.

To apply the anti-seize lubricant,

1. Wear appropriate personal protection equipment to avoid contact with skin and
eyes. This includes safety glasses, neoprene or nitrile gloves, and clothing
sufficient to limit skin exposure.

2. Ensure that mating surfaces (screw holes) are clean; dry; and free of dirt, debris, or
loose surface rust.

3. Use a brush or lint-free cloth to apply a thin coat of Anti-Seize to the screws and
bolts that require protection, as shown in

Figure 4.6. The Anti-Seize should be

applied right down to the base of the threads.

4-18 | Installation

Figure 4.6

Applying the Anti-Seize Lubricant

4. Spread the lubricant to a thin film without any lumps.

5. Reassemble the parts using normal torque values.

6. Wipe off an excess material with a disposable towel.

Waveguide Connections

If necessary, connect a section of flexible waveguide between the orthogonal mode
transducer (OMT) transmit port and the IBUC 2 Tx RF output (or optional Rx reject
filter). The waveguide should be attached to the antenna feed according to the
manufacturer's instructions. Use proper gasketing methods to prevent water entry and
subsequent damage.

Note:

During installation, be sure to remove the sticker shown in Figure 4.7 that covers the
waveguide flange. The sticker itself does not create a pressure window and will allow
moisture to enter the waveguide. Also be sure to install the waveguide gasket into the
channel identified in

Figure 4.7 to ensure a good seal between surfaces. Do not re-use

old gaskets.

General Requirements | 4-19

Figure 4.7

Waveguide Label and Channel for Gasket

Typical Configuration Without an Interface Unit (IFU)

While there are many possible configurations, Figure 2.5 on page 2-15 illustrates a
typical configuration for DC-powered low power IBUC 2s.

Note:

A unit that is powered via coaxial cable is considered to be “low power.”

To configure the IBUC 2 without an IFU,

1. Connect the IFL coaxial cable between the Tx Output from the modem and the J1
connector (Tx In) on the IBUC 2.

2. Connect a coaxial cable between the LNB (Rx Output) and the modem’s L-band
Rx Input.

3. Connect the M&C cable between the M&C port on the IBUC 2 and the appropriate
M&C or LAN connection.

Note:

Use the J2 port if you are using RS232, RS485, or a Form-C relay for monitor and
control purposes.

Use the J4 port if you are using Ethernet for monitor and control purposes.

WARNING

The output of the IBUC 2 is microwave
power. Never look into the waveguide nor put
your head into the path of the beam which
goes to the satellite.

Channel for

Waveguide Gasket

4-20 | Installation

4. Connect the DC cable between the DC Output connector on the power supply and

the J3 connector (DC Input) on the IBUC 2.

5. Connect the AC cable between the AC Input connector on the power supply and
the AC power source.

Configuration With an Interface Unit (IFU)

This configuration for DC-powered high power IBUC 2s is illustrated in Figure 2.5 on

page 2-15.

To configure the IBUC 2 with an IFU,

1. Connect the IFL coaxial cable between the J1 connector (Tx In) on the IBUC 2
and the J2 connector (Tx out) on the IFU.

2. Connect a coaxial cable between the J1 connector (Tx In) on the IFU and the
modem (Tx L-band out).

3. Connect the coaxial cable between the LNB (Rx Output) and the J4 connector
(Rx In) on the IFU.

4. Connect a coaxial cable between the J5 connector (Rx Output) on the IFU and the
modem’s L-band Rx Input.

5. Connect the M&C cable between the M&C port on the IBUC 2 and the
appropriate M&C or LAN connection.

Note:

Use the J2 port if you are using RS232, RS485, or a Form-C relay for monitor and
control purposes.

Use the J4 port if you are using Ethernet for monitor and control purposes.

6. Connect the DC cable between the J2 connector (DC Output) on the outdoor PSUI,
as appropriate, and the J3 connector (DC Input) of the IBUC 2. Low power units
can be supplied from the modem or from the IFU through the coaxial cable to the
IBUC 2.

7. Connect the AC cable between the PSUI J1 (AC Input) and the AC power source.

Configuration With an AC-powered IBUC 2

To configure an AC-powered IBUC 2 without an IFU,

1. Connect the IFL coaxial cable between the Tx Output from the modem and the J1
connector (Tx Input) on the IBUC 2.

2. Connect a coaxial cable between the LNB (Rx Output) and the modem’s L-band
Rx Input.

3. Connect the M&C cable between the M&C port on the IBUC 2 and the
appropriate M&C or LAN connection.

Note:

Use the J2 port if you are using RS232, RS485, or a Form-C relay for monitor and
control purposes.

General Requirements | 4-21

Use the J4 port if you are using Ethernet for monitor and control purposes.

4. Connect the AC cable between the AC Input J3 connector on the IBUC 2 and the

AC power source.

Basic System Alignment

The following sections outline the procedure for setup and alignment of an earth
station. Prior to ODU alignment, the antenna should be set to the desired azimuth and
elevation settings per manufacturer's instructions.

Test Equipment

Terrasat recommends the equipment listed in Table 4.6 (or its equivalent) for
installation and system alignment.

Ensure that the IBUC 2 Tx output power is disabled to prevent accidental transmission
interference with adjacent satellites or transponders before attempting to align or
perform any other operation involving the ODU. Before attempting any system
changes, carefully evaluate the possible effects of the transmitted signal.

Setting the Tx and Rx Frequencies

All transmit and receive frequencies are set in the modem.

If using a direct connection to an L-band modem, follow the manufacturer’s
instructions for setting the transmit and receive frequencies.

CAUTION

The IBUC 2 must not transmit until alignment
and any necessary adjustments are
complete.

Table 4.6

Recommended Test Equipment

Equipment Type

Spectrum Analyzer Agilent HP8563E

Digital Voltmeter Fluke 8050

Adapter Waveguide to coaxial C-band or Ku-band

RF cables With calibrated insertion loss up to 15 GHz

40 dB attenuator High power to match HPA output

Assortment of cables, connectors and
adap

ters (calibrated up to 15 GHz)

4-22 | Installation

Receive L-band Output Measurements

To check the receiver,

1. Ensure that 15 VDC to 24 VDC (LNB Bias) is present at the modem or IFU Rx
input.

2. Use a spectrum analyzer to ensure that the 10 MHz signal is present at the modem
or IFU Rx input.

3. Connect the LNB to the demodulator’s Rx input by attaching the coaxial cables
from the Rx L-band Out on the LNB to the demodulator’s Rx L-band input port.
When configured with the IFU, connect the IFU Rx Out (J5) to the demodulator’s
Rx L-band input port and connect the LNB to the IFU Rx input by attaching the
coaxial cables from the Rx L-band Out on the LNB to the Rx input port (J4) on the
IFU.

Transmit Power Alignment

Transmit L-band Input Adjustment with Modem or Converter

To set the power level of the modulator output,

1. Use a spectrum analyzer to measure the power level of the L-band signal at the
output of the coaxial cable that connects to the IBUC 2 at the Tx L-band input (J1).

2. Use the modem or converter level adjust to increase and decrease the power level.
Adjust to reach a level of -30 dBm. (All IBUC 2 units are designed to reach rated
power at p1dB over frequency and temperature with -30 dBm at the input when
the attenuator is set to minimum attenuation.) For some modems and shorter cable
runs, it is not possible to reach -30 dBm. In this case, the attenuator in the IBUC 2
may be used instead.

3. Check that the 10 MHz reference signal is present and within the range of +5 dBm
through -12 dBm.

WARNING

DC power will be present on the cable.
Terrasat recommends the use of a DC block
when using a spectrum analyzer.

WARNING

DC power might be present on the cable.
Terrasat recommends the use of a DC block
when using a spectrum analyzer.

General Requirements | 4-23

Note:

The IBUC 2 requires a 10 MHz reference signal to operate. Check the model
number of the IBUC 2 to determine whether an external 10 MHz signal is
required.

4. Disconnect the spectrum analyzer from the coaxial cable.

Transmit RF Output Adjustment with Modem or Converter (70 MHz to L-band)

To adjust the power level of the IBUC 2 transmitter output,

1. Connect a waveguide to coaxial adapter and a 40 dB high-power attenuator to the

IBUC 2 Tx waveguide output.

2. Ensure that DC power to the IBUC 2 is applied in the proper voltage range.

(Depending on your setup, this could be through the coaxial cable or through the
J3 connector.)

3. Connect the Tx L-band input signal to the J1 connector (labeled Tx L-band) on the

IBUC 2.

4. Enable the Tx signals in the modem or converter and the IBUC 2.

5. Measure the RF output with a power meter connected to the attenuator attached at
the waveguide output. For accuracy, measure pure carrier (that is, continuous wave
or CW) and the frequency allocated to you by the satellite network operations
center.

6. If the modem still has available range, use the level adjust to reach the designated
power level. If there is not, use the attenuation setting on the IBUC 2.

Note:

To set attenuation on the IBUC 2, you first need to establish communication with
the IBUC 2. For more information about the various M&C interfaces you can use
to establish communication, see

Figure 2.5 on page 2-15 .

7. If using a Satellite modem: Adjust the RF output to the designated power level
(provided by the satellite network operations center, or its engineering staff) with
the L-band output (modem) level adjust.

8. Disable the Tx signal in the modem or converter.

9. Disconnect the Tx L-band input signal.

10. Remove the waveguide to coaxial adapter and install the transmit waveguide
section to the antenna transmit feed.

11. Once the transmit input and output power levels have been set, begin transmitting
by connecting the Tx L-band input signal to J1 on the IBUC 2 and enabling the Tx
in the modem or converter.

12. Under the guidance of the network operations center (NOC), fine adjust the
transmit power for the desired down link margin at the receiving station by
adjusting the Tx L-band output level adjust (modem or converter output) or by
adjusting the gain of the IBUC 2 by setting the Tx attenuator.

4-24 | Installation

Final Checks

To ensure reliable operation, inspect the system for crimped or pinched cabling. Make
sure all connections are secure and sealed. Once the system has been aligned and is
operating satisfactorily, the IBUC 2 will require infrequent maintenance.

Introduction | 5-1

C H A P T E R

C

HAPTER

5

O

PERATIONS

This chapter describes general operation of the IBUC 2.

Introduction

After the IBUC 2 has been mounted and connections verified, the antenna must be
aimed towards the appropriate satellite. Follow the antenna manufacturer’s
instructions, using the coordinates (azimuth, elevation, and polarity) provided by the
satellite operator. Do not transmit until you have received authorization—including a
transmit power level—from the satellite network operations center (NOC) staff.

Start-up Checklist

The IBUC 2 leaves the factory preconfigured for operation; however, you can
fine-tune its settings for your particular needs.

Prior to start up, verify the following:

• Transmit/Receive frequencies

All transmit and receive frequencies are set using the modem. Follow the modem
manufacturer’s instruction.

• Cable connections

Ensure that all of the external cables between the IBUC 2 and other equipment are
seated correctly and that there are no breaks or cracks, no sharp bends, pinch
points nor flattened sections in the cables.

• Power

Ensure that the IBUC 2 is receiving power, Power can come via the modem, an
external power supply, or from AC mains.

5-2 | Operations

If power is supplied by the modem, ensure that the modem provides the correct
DC voltage and the DC power has been enabled.

• 10 MHz reference signal

Verify that the 10 MHz reference signal is present. Some IBUC 2s have an internal
10 MHz reference signal. If this option is not available, a 10 MHz reference signal
supplied on the IF cable from the modem (or an IFU) is required.

Turning On the IBUC

2

To turn on the IBUC 2,

1. Connect the L-band input cable (J1), the M&C cable (J4), and the power cable (J3)

2. Apply power to the IBUC 2 .

3. The Power LED on the side of the unit next to the J4 connector lights up.

A flashing green light indicates that the IBUC 2 is operating normally.

A red light indicates only that a fault (or alarm) has occurred. (A flashing red light
indicates a minor alarm and a solid red light indicates a major alarm.)

4. Allow the unit to warm up for approximately 15 minutes before operating the
transmitter module. This will assure stable gain and power.

Setting Operating Parameters

To set operating parameters, the IBUC 2 must be connected to a terminal (for
example, a hand-held terminal, a terminal emulator such as HyperTerminal, or the
embedded Web pages via a PC). The most user-friendly way to connect to the IBUC 2
is by using the embedded Web pages. Connect the IBUC 2 to the Ethernet port of a PC
by using a TCP/IP cable assembly (such as the one depicted in

Figure G.2 on page G-

3

).

1. Establish communication with the IBUC 2 by using the steps provided in

Appen-

dix C, IBUC 2 Web Pages

.

2. Navigate to the Transmit Configuration tab as shown on

page C-13.

3. Se the Tx Output by selecting whether the unit is actively transmitting or not.
Options include:

• Enable

• Disable

When the Tx Output is set to Disabled, the Tx Output level displayed on the Sensor
Tab (shown on

page C-11) reads -99.0 dBm. This is not the actual reading.

When conditions cause the automatic shut-off of the Tx Output signal, the Tx
Output is muted and the Tx Output level displayed on the Sensor Tab (shown on

Start-up Checklist | 5-3

page C-11) reads -96.0 dBm. This is not the actual reading.

Note:

This setting can be overridden by the modem. The modem will send commands
(data) to the IBUC 2 and no single port is given priority. This continues as long as
both the IBUC 2 and the modem use Legacy Binary mode. If the IBUC 2 is set to
ASCII mode, communication between the modem and the IBUC 2 ceases due to
the differences in command formats.

4. Set the Power Monitor Frequency that is used to set at which frequency you are
operating. The factory default values in

Table C.1 on page C-14 are listed

according to the model number of the IBUC 2.

Note:

To ensure accurate readings, you must set the actual operating frequency.

Example: If, according to your Satellite NOC, your allocated frequency is
6400 MHz, set the Power Monitor Frequency to 6400 MHz. Do not use the factory
default value unless that is your actual operating frequency.

5. Set the Power Read Mode.

Options include:

• Burst

• Continuous Wave

6. Set the Gain Mode.

Options include:

• Open

Open is the gain obtained when there is no feedback in the measuring loop.

• AGC (Automatic Gain Control)

The IBUC 2 continuously monitors input and output levels. When AGC is
enabled, the gain of the system is maintained at a constant level by an internal
algorithm. Gain is the difference between output power and input power.

• ALC (Automatic Level Control)

Similar to the AGC system, when ALC is enabled the gain is adjusted when
changes are detected in order to maintain a constant output level.

Note:

The IBUC 2 has an internal temperature compensation feature that minimizes gain
variations due to to changes in temperature. This feature is configured at the factory
and requires no user input. For specific information about your particular model
IBUC 2, see the datasheets in

Appendix G, Component Specifications and Refer-

ence Drawings

.

5-4 | Operations

Setting the Tx Frequency (L-band)

Changing the L-band frequency will cause a change to the RF frequency.

To set the L-band frequency,

1. Establish communication with the IBUC 2 by using the steps provided in

Appen-

dix C, IBUC 2 Web Pages

.

2. Navigate to the Information tab as shown on

page C-6.

3. Verify the data in the Band Inversion field.

4. Calculate the IF frequency by using the following formulas:

IF = RF - LO Non-inverted/Low side

IF = LO - RF Inverted/High side

Note:

RF and LO frequencies for various bands are provided in Table 2.1 on page 2-3.

Setting Alarm Thresholds

Although the IBUC 2 will function using the factory-configured settings, by setting
high and low level thresholds for the Tx Input/Output you can access more
information about events such as power fluctuations that might trigger an alarm.

Alarms will be generated when the input and output amplitudes fall outside of the
threshold ranges. For this reason, Terrasat recommends that when you have reached
the proper input and output settings for your budget, you narrow the threshold ranges
for alarms.

1. Set the Tx Input High/Low Thresholds.

The IBUC 2 leaves the factory with a default range of -15 dBm to -60 dBm.

Example: After observing the unit, you determine that the IBUC 2 operates

consistently at -37 dBm. Although the threshold range is 45 dB, that range is too
wide for everyday use. Instead consider setting the input thresholds at ±3 dB; this
would make the high level threshold -34 dBm and the low level threshold -40 dBm.

Note:

You will receive an error message if the input level exceeds the threshold range.

2. Set the Tx Output High/Low Thresholds.

When you set up your system and the Tx Output reaches its budgeted level, Terrasat
recommends that, instead of the (P1dB - 20 dB) to (P1dB + 1 dB) threshold range
that is the default, you narrow the range between the high and low thresholds to
±3 dB.

Example: After observing the unit, you determine that the output level operates

consistently at 32 dBm. Although the threshold range is 21 dB, that range is too
wide for everyday use. Instead consider setting the output thresholds at ±3 dB; this

Start-up Checklist | 5-5

would make the high level threshold 35 dBm and the low level threshold 29 dBm.

Note:

You will receive an error message if the output level exceeds the threshold range.

3. Verify your settings against the readings on the Info Page as shown on

page C-6 of

Appendix C, IBUC 2 Web Pages.

Configuring Alarm States

The IBUC 2 offers flexibility with the levels of alarms produced when user-specified
thresholds are exceeded.

1. Consider which alarms to configure.

Table 3.1 on page 3-4 contains the default

alarm configuration.

2. Navigate to the Alarm Configuration tab shown on page C-23 of Appendix C,

IBUC 2 Web Pages

.

3. Use the drop-down menus to mark an alarm as a major event, a minor event, or to
disable it.

4. Click Save Settings when you have completed your inputs to ensure that your
settings are saved. If you do not click Save Settings, your changes will not be
implemented.

Configuring ALC/AGC

The IBUC 2 offers two methods of ensuring consistent signal levels: automatic level
control (ALC) and automatic gain control (AGC).

ALC

When enabled, the Automatic Level Control (ALC) circuitry in the IBUC 2 monitors
output levels and adjusts the gain to maintain a consistent output for input signal
variations. If a signal level is consistently below the predetermined target level, the
ALC will cause the gain to be increased until the target level is reached. If a signal
level exceeds the target level, the ALC will decrease the gain.

To enable ALC,

1. With the Gain Mode set to “Open” and the Tx Input and Tx Output Thresholds set,
monitor the Tx Output level in order to determine a baseline setting.

2. When the Tx Output Level reading is equal to the level that you want to maintain,
enable ALC by using any of the M&C interfaces.

The IBUC 2 will now continuously self-monitor, increasing or decreasing the gain in
order to maintain a constant signal at the level you defined.

Note:

The Tx Output Level is “captured” when ALC is enabled.

5-6 | Operations

AGC

When enabled, the Automatic Gain Control (AGC) circuitry in the IBUC 2 maintains
the gain constant and equal to the target gain that was established when AGC was
enabled.

Gain control settings can drift with time or temperature changes. You can reset the
Gain Control function (when reset, the Gain Control returns to mid-range or 0.0).

Terrasat units enable you to offset the target by using the attenuation control without
having to first disable the ALC or AGC.

Example: Set the output power level to 40 dBm and enable ALC. From this point

forward, the ALC algorithm will maintain the output level at 40 dBm.

If you want to change the output level to 41 dBm, reduce the attenuation by 1 dB. The
target level will be updated automatically.

Configuring the External Mute

Pin N of the M&C interface connector has dual functionality: it functions as an alarm
input or an external mute.

External Mute

When the IBUC 2 operates as a single thread IBUC 2, Pin N of the M&C interface
connector functions as an external mute. If it is not connected (left open), then
transmission is not muted. When Pin N is connected to Pin F (chassis ground),
transmission is muted.

To re-enable transmission, remove the Pin N connection to Pin F. Transmission will
now resume.

Alarm Input

When the unit is operating as part of a redundant IBUC 2 system, the redundant
configuration is sensed automatically. In redundant systems, Pin N functions as an
alarm input where the alarm output of the A: side IBUC 2 is connected to the alarm
input of the B: side IBUC 2 and vice versa.

For more information about the M&C interface connector, see

System Cabling

Requirements

on page 4-13.

Common Errors | 5-7

Common Errors

LED is Red

A red LED indicates only that a fault (or alarm) has occurred and does not necessarily
indicate that transmission has stopped. A flashing red light indicates a minor alarm and
a solid red light indicates a major alarm. You can communicate with the IBUC 2 to
determine what is causing the fault, and then clear the fault condition.

1. Establish a connection with the IBUC 2 by using any of the M&C interfaces
described in Chapter 3.

2. View the Alarm Status Tab (shown on

page C-8) to determine the current alarm.

You can also check the Sensor Tab (shown on

page C-11) to determine which

reading caused the alarm, and then compare the readings with the threshold levels.
If necessary, adjust the threshold level(s).

When the fault is cleared, the LED should be flashing green.

No Power to the IBUC

2

If the Power LED is off or not turning on at all, the IBUC 2 is probably not receiving
power.

Restore power to the IBUC 2 by

• If the IBUC 2 is powered by the modem, verifying that the modem is working

properly.

• Checking that the modem is receiving power (that is, the modem power cord is

plugged in) and that DC power to the IBUC 2 is enabled.

• Checking that all cable connections are solid.

• Checking that the power supply is functioning or that AC mains has the proper
voltage.

• Checking the disconnect devices such as the circuit breaker.

• Checking the fuses.

• For DC-powered IBUC 2s, the fuses are in the power supply.

• For AC-powered IBUC 2s, the fuses are in the IBUC 2.

Fuses are 5x20 mm time-lag glass body cartridge type.

5-8 | Operations

Time Stamp Data is Incorrect

The time stamp on the alarm log is incorrect after the IBUC 2 has lost power for an
extended period. You can set the system date and time by using the hand-held terminal
(see

Appendix D) or the System Configuration tab of the embedded Web pages (see

Appendix C).

When using a Web browser to access the embedded Web pages, the time stamp
information displayed differs slightly by Web browser. The time stamp displayed on
the Web pages records the time that the page was created and is based upon the system
time of the computer, and not the IBUC 2.

Satellite Network Operations Center Doesn’t Recognize Signal

The IBUC 2 appears to be transmitting a signal, but the satellite network operations
center (NOC) cannot identify your carrier.

To determine whether your settings are correct,

1. Verify that your frequency is within the bandwidth slot that was allocated to you.

2. Determine whether the IBUC 2 operates with the LO on the low side or the high

side of the frequency that was allocated to you.

3. Check the signal mix. Remember that low-side is non-inverting and high-side is
inverting.

4. Use the following formulas to calculate IF frequency

low sideIF = RF - LONon-inverting

high sideIF = LO - RFInverting
The LO for each IBUC 2 band is found in

Table 2.1 on page 2-3.

5. Check the Tx output level.

When Tx output power is disabled, the Tx output level will read -99.0 dBm. This is
not an actual power reading; rather it indicates the loss of power.

When conditions cause the automatic shut-off of the Tx output signal, the Tx output

WARNING

Before applying power to the unit, ensure
that that waveguide output is properly
terminated. Failure to do so could lead to
serious personal injury, excessive RF
radiation levels, and equipment damage .

Common Errors | 5-9

level will read -96.0 dBm. This is not an actual power reading; rather it indicates the
automatic shut-off of power.

Transmit Power in Saturation

The IBUC 2, at minimum attenuation, makes rated power at -30 dBm input. Operating
the IBUC 2 at higher levels will result in spectral distortion and high intermodulation
levels. Terrasat recommends operating with power back-off levels sufficient to meet
the spectral density mask.

To avoid signal saturation,

1. Reduce input power from the modem.

2. Increase the attenuation setting of the IBUC 2.

Tx Input/Output Level Verification

To verify the Tx IF Input level,

1. Use the Sensor Tab of the embedded Web pages to check levels.

For more information about the Sensor Tab, see

page C-11.

2. Compare the reading to your expected level.

The detector range is -55 dBm to -20 dBm.

To verify the Tx RF Output level,

1. Use the Sensor Tab of the embedded Web pages to check levels.

For more information about the Sensor Tab, see

page C-11.

2. If your reading does not match your expected level, first verify that the IBUC 2 is

receiving the proper input level.

3. If the input is at the correct level, use the Transmit Configuration Tab of the
embedded Web pages to modify the attenuation to set the output to the expected
level. The Transmit Configuration Tab is shown on

page F-13.

4. If, after setting the output to your expected level, you are still having transmission
problems, check the flexible waveguide and antenna feed for obstructions. Also
check the alignment of the antenna.

5-10 | Operations

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Maintenance | 6-1

C H A P T E R

C

HAPTER

6

T

ROUBLESHOOTING

This chapter discusses basic troubleshooting procedures for the Terrasat
Communications, Inc. line of intelligent block upconverters (IBUC 2s) and outdoor
units (ODUs).

Maintenance

In general, Terrasat power supply units (PSUIs) and ODUs are self-contained and
require little maintenance. However, for optimum performance, Terrasat recommends
that users inspect the mechanics of the system every six months and perform the
following:

• Clean the antenna feeds to keep them clear of obstructions.

• Check cables and connectors for signs of wear, damage, or loose connections.

• Check all fan intakes and exhausts to ensure that they are clear of debris.

Transceiver Fault Isolation

Use the information in this section to assist in determining whether a Terrasat unit is
faulty. The intent is to determine a “Go” or “No Go” situation based on alarms
indicated through the M&C ports, as well as by measuring certain signals using test
equipment.

AC Power Problems/Conditioning

In today’s electrical environment, there are many types of power-related problems that
can prevent proper operation of sensitive electronic equipment. These problems or
disturbances can be caused by things such as voltage induced by lightning, switching
high-power electrical equipment On/Off, or utility company actions such as power
factor correction. Serious problems can arise with the occurrence of transients and
spikes which can cause random errors or even failure of the circuitry.

6-2 | Troubleshooting

Whatever the origin of the transients, they can be classified into two simple categories:

• Common Mode

Noise voltage that appears equally and in phase from each signal conductor to
ground. (The term "common" refers to the fact that identical noise appears on both
the active and neutral wires.) Common-mode noise poses a threat because the
noise attempts to dissipate its energy from neutral to ground or from active to
ground.

• Normal Mode

Noise potential between the power line conductors. It adds to and subtracts from
the power line sinusoidal voltage wave and is sometimes referred to as
differential-mode or transverse-mode noise. Normal-mode noise attempts to
dissipate its energy along any path from line to neutral. If the normal-mode noise
has sufficient voltage (or energy), damage can occur.

Category A

At the wall outlets (and more than 30 ft. [9 m] from a distribution panel), the typical
noise is a 0.5 #s rise time up to 6 kV peak open circuit voltage, 100 kHz ring wave
with 200 ampere short circuit current capability.

Category B

At the distribution panel, one can experience the 100 kHz ring wave listed previously
but with 500 ampere current capability and a unidirectional impulse up to 6 kV
potential rising in 1.2 #s and decaying to half voltage in 50 #s. Accompanying this can
be a short circuit current up to 3 000 amperes rising to peak in 8!#s and decaying to
half value in 20 #s.

To ensure uninterrupted service, Terrasat recommends using a line conditioner or
uninterruptible power supply (UPS) based on the expected AC power at the site.

Site-Related Problems

VSAT antennas are often fitted at the top of buildings. Avoid close proximity to
elevator motors, and such. Ensure that the satellite signal path is free and clear of
obstructions.

M&C Checks

When troubleshooting the IBUC 2, the first level of troubleshooting should be to
check the status through the M&C port. Alarms and an alarm history log are available
with the IBUC 2 M&C. See

Chapter 3, Monitor and Control Features, for specific

information about using the RS232, RS485, Ethernet, or hand-held terminal ports.

Maintenance | 6-3

Power Supply Checks

For DC-powered IBUC 2s, before beginning RF troubleshooting first verify that the
proper voltages are being supplied to the IBUC 2. Input DC voltage and IBUC 2
current consumption data are available from the IBUC 2 M&C. Verify that the values
are within limits. If an M&C interface is not available, use a multimeter to verify that
the appropriate voltages (24 VDC, +48 VDC, or -48 VDC) are present at the IBUC 2.
Check the part number label on the IBUC 2 to determine the required voltage. The
IBUC 2 DC supply can be through either the J1 or J3 connector.

Transmit Power Setting

There have been several cases reported to Terrasat Technical Support where the
transmit power has been turned up to or near saturation while transmitting a digital
carrier. This most likely will result in spectral distortion, re-growth, and
intermodulation products for multi-carrier operation. To reduce saturation, reduce the
input level or increase the attenuation.

Note:

When transmitting digital carriers, it is customary to operate the power amplifier
system with an output back off (OBO) sufficient to meet the spectral density mask
requirements and interference requirements of multi-carrier operation.

Transmit Intermediate Frequency Input Level Verification

If low or no Tx output power is detected, begin troubleshooting by checking the input
to the IBUC 2.

1. Check the Tx Input Level displayed in M&C or disconnect the cable at the IBUC 2
J1 connector (Tx L-band) and use a spectrum analyzer to measure the power level
of the L-band signal at the output of the coaxial cable that connects to the IBUC 2
at J1 (Tx L-band). The L-band signal level should be within the range of -20 dBm
through -55 dBm. If it is not, check the cable and modem output.

2. If the L-band signal is within range, check that the 10 MHz reference signal is
within the range of +5 dBm through -12 dBm and is distortion free. If it is not,
check the cable and modem output (or IFU Tx Out).

3. For DC-powered IBUC 2s, if the L-band and 10 MHz signals are good check that
the DC voltage level is within range. The DC voltage may be on the L-band IFL or
from a separate power supply for 16 watt Ku-band, 25 watt C-band, or 20 watt
X-band and lower power units. For higher power units, the DC voltage will be on

WARNING

DC power might be present on the cable.
Terrasat recommends the use of a DC block.

6-4 | Troubleshooting

the DC cable that is connected to the IBUC 2 DC Input (J3 connector). If it is not,
check the PSUI, modem, or IFU power supply outputs and cables.

4. For DC-powered IBUC 2s, if the L-band, 10 MHz and DC voltage signals are
within range, continue with the IBUC 2 Tx Output verification procedure that
follows.

5. Disconnect the spectrum analyzer from the coaxial cable.

IBUC 2 Transmit Output Verification

This check assumes that the L-band, 10 MHz, and DC inputs (for DC-powered
IBUC 2s) are at the correct levels.

1. Tx Output level is monitored and displayed in the IBUC 2 M&C. Alternatively,
you can connect a waveguide-to-coaxial adapter and a 40 dB high-power
attenuator to the IBUC 2 Tx waveguide output.

2. Measure the Tx RF output with the spectrum analyzer connected at the waveguide
output. Ensure that the cable loss of the cable being used for the measurement has
been taken into account.

3. RF power should be between rated power and no lower than 25 dB below rated
power. If it is not, the IBUC 2 is defective and should be returned to the factory for
repair. See

page 6-8 for instructions for returning a unit for repair.

4. IF the IBUC 2 Tx RF output measures within specification, ensure that the
waveguide, feedhorn, and antenna are properly aligned.

Receive L-band Output Verification

If low or no RF output power is detected, begin troubleshooting by checking the
output of the LNB.

1. Ensure that 15 VDC to 24 VDC (LNB Bias) is present at the modem Rx Input (or
IFU Rx In) using a digital voltmeter (DVM). If it is not present, check the cable
and modem.

2. Use a spectrum analyzer to ensure that the 10 MHz signal is present at the modem
Rx Input (or IFU Rx In). If it is not, check the cable and modem.

3. Connect the LNB to the demodulator (or IFU) by attaching the coaxial cables from
the Rx L-band Out on the LNB to the demodulator (or IFU) Rx L-band input port.

WARNING

DC power might be present on the cable.
Terrasat recommends the use of a DC block.

Maintenance | 6-5

If the Rx level is low, check the cable, the feedhorn, and the antenna for proper
operation.

Common Problems

The following problems or occurrences have been noted during normal
troubleshooting.

Tx Output is Disabled

When the Tx Output is set to Disabled, the Tx Output level shown on the Sensor Tab
on

page C-11 reads -99.00 dBm. This is not an actual reading.

However, when conditions cause the automatic shut-off of the Tx Output signal, the
Tx Output is muted and the Tx Output level on the Sensor Tab shown on

page C-11

reads -96.00 dBm.

Incorrect Frequency Settings

See page 5-8 if the Satellite Network Operations Center (NOC) does not recognize
your signal.

Damaged Cables

RF coaxial cable damaged due to improper handling (such as contact damage due to
improper mating; cable insulation that is damaged, crushed, cut, or charred; cables
were not discharged prior to connecting them; or conductors that are nicked, gouged,
damaged, or severed) may impair system performance and reliability. Do not attempt
to repair broken or damaged coaxial cables unless absolutely necessary. Replace the
entire cable whenever possible.

Damaged cabling and incorrectly tightened connectors can leak RF energy, which may
lead to excessive levels in their immediate vicinity.

10 MHz Reference Signal at the IBUC2 is at the Wrong Level or Missing

A 10 MHz input is used to provide a stable reference frequency to which the
phase-locked local oscillator (or PLDRO) synchronizes. The 10 MHz reference signal
level should be between -12 dBm to +5 dBm.

CAUTION

Never disconnect RF cables or connectors
associated with a transmitter in operation
since this may result in an RF burn through
direct contact with RF conductors.

6-6 | Troubleshooting

When the IBUC 2 senses that the phase-locked local oscillator has gone out of lock, a
PLDRO Lock alarm is triggered. This alarm then initiates a series of routines that
leads to the muting of the power amplifier (that is, the IBUC 2 is automatically
shut-off).

Table 6.1 lists four possible scenarios caused by changes in the 10 MHz

reference signal or whether the PLDRO is locked.

Antenna is Pointed Toward Wrong Satellite or is Misaligned

Transmission to the wrong satellite or on the wrong polarization or channel can cause
interference with other satellite users and may result in fines from the satellite
operator.

To ensure that your antenna is aligned with the correct satellite,

1. Follow the antenna manufacturer’s instructions to verify the azimuth, elevation,
and polarization settings.

2. Follow the antenna manufacturer’s instructions to move the antenna into a position
that provides maximum signal strength.

3. Establish a communications link with the satellite network operations center
(NOC).

4. Peak the signal on the satellite, and then adjust polarization per guidance from
NOC staff.

Moisture Migrated Into the IBUC

2

Moisture can enter and damage the IBUC 2 if waveguide gaskets are missing, there is
a hole in the feed window, or there is a break in the coaxial connectors.

Table 6.1

Possible Scenarios for IBUC 2s with an External 10 MHz Reference Signal

10 MHz Reference
Signal Level

Phase-Locked
Local Oscillator

Results

Low Locked

Causes a minor alarm (10 MHz Detector). Unit is still transmitting.
Ch

eck the 10 MHz signal level. Resultant phase noise may be

degraded.

Low Out-of-Lock

Causes a major alarm (PLDRO Out of Lock). Power amplifier is
muted an

d the IBUC

2 is automatically shut-off. Check the 10 MHz

reference signal level and whether the 10 MHz reference signal is
en

abled at the modem.

Within Specifications Locked Unit is operating normally. No alarms are present.

Within Specifications Out-of-Lock

Causes a major alarm (PLDRO Out of Lock). Power amplifier is
muted an

d the IBUC

2 is automatically shut-off. PLDRO may be

faulty and the IBUC

2 might need to be returned for repair.

Maintenance | 6-7

To prevent moisture from entering the IBUC 2,

• Ensure that the paper label is removed from the waveguidre prior to installation
and operation.

• Ensure that the rubber waveguide gasket is intact and fully seated in the grooved
channel before making the connection.

• Use water-resistant wrap (or mastic tape) on all outdoor connectors to ensure a
water-tight seal. Mastic tapes are designed to flow and self-heal if cut or punctured

See

page 3-24 for more information about applying water-resistant wrap.

• Avoid using damaged connectors (for example, scratched mating surfaces,
eccentric or bent center conductors, and so on.).

• Seal all coaxial cable fittings with putty.

Bad Orthogonal Mode Transducer and/or Antenna

If the antenna feedhorn and orthogonal mode transducer (OMT) are not positioned
correctly, the IBUC 2 will not operate properly.

To position the feedhorn and OMT,

• Refer to the antenna manufacturer’s assembly instructions to verify that the
feedhorn and OMT were mounted correctly on the antenna.

• Establish a communications link with the satellite network operations center
(NOC).

• Guided by NOC staff, slowly rotate the outdoor equipment to the appropriate
position.

• If rotation is impossible, it is likely that there ia a problem with OMT and it will
need to be returned to the antenna manufacturer.

LED is Red

A red LED indicates only that a fault (or alarm) has occurred and does not necessarily
indicate that transmission has stopped. A flashing red light indicates a minor alarm and
a solid red light indicates a major alarm. You can communicate with the IBUC 2 to
determine what is causing the fault, and then clear the fault condition.

1. Establish a connection with the IBUC 2 by using any of the M&C interfaces.

2. View the Alarm Status Tab (shown on

page C-8) to determine the current alarm.

3. View the Sensor Tab (shown on

page C-11) to determine which sensor reading

caused the alarm.

4. Compare your readings to the thresholds.

6-8 | Troubleshooting

5. Adjust the threshold level(s) to bring the reading(s) within specifications and thus
clear the fault

When the fault is cleared, the LED should be flashing green.

Repair Policy

The Terrasat IBUC 2 and PSUI are not field repairable.

In the event that a failure has been detected, it might be necessary to return the
defective unit to the factory or a factory-authorized service center. The following
section contains instructions for returning a defective unit to the factory for repair.

Returned Material Authorization (RMA)

If any equipment is determined to be defective:

• Have the following information available:

• Unit serial number

• Unit part number and description

• Complete description of the failure

• Designated contact name and phone number

• Billing information

• Shipping information

• Contact Terrasat Customer Service to request an RMA number.

• Telephone [phone]

• E-mail [email protected]

• Properly package the defective equipment in its original container (if available and
undamaged), and mark the RMA number on the outside of the shipping container.

Note:

Do not return any equipment without an RMA number.

• Ship the equipment to the following address:

Terrasat Communications, Inc.!
235 Vineyard Court!
Morgan Hill, CA 95037!
U.S.A.

• After the unit is received at Terrasat, an initial evaluation will be performed.

• If the unit is found to be in-warranty, the unit will be repaired and returned at

no charge.

• If the unit is found to be out-of-warranty, Terrasat Customer Service will

contact the designated contact for authorization to proceed with the repair.

Repair Policy | 6-9

• Authorization in the form of a purchase order will be required.

• Once authorization is received, the unit will be repaired and returned.

6-10 | Troubleshooting

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