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3. E.M.S. What it is and how it works
EMS stands for Electrical Muscle Stimulation.
3.1 EMS successfully rebuilds and tones muscles.
Different levels of muscle contraction are achieved by sending
electrical impulses of various types, depending on the programme
selected, into the body. These muscle contractions retrain the muscles,
increase their effectiveness and improve their condition. This is
beneficial where muscles - for whatever reason - have not been in
regular use and have lost condition (muscle atrophy). For sports, the
benefit is to increase the effect of training and enhance performance.
3.2 Muscle wastage:
EMS is used in the treatment of:
Neuromuscular facilitation - Muscle reeducation - Muscle training -
Prevention/slowing of atrophy/hypotrophy - Preventing postoperative
muscle weakness - Reduction of spasticity - Maintaining or increasing
range of motion - Training of partial peripheral nerve damage with
signs of reinnervation - Treatment of scoliosis - Incontinence treatment
Sports:
EMS is used in:
sports training, covering - warm-up, strength, speed, power,
resistance, endurance and recovery and also for rehabilitation in
relation to sports injury.
EMS works as an excellent complement to regular training.
3.4 Mode of operation
EMS uses external electrical impulses that act through the skin to
stimulate the nerves supplying a specific muscle group. The muscle
reacts in different ways depending on the strength of current and
duration and frequency of the electrical impulse.
Muscles are made up of two different types of fibre:
- Red fibre is slower contracting and aerobic working.
- White fibre is faster acting and capable of anaerobic working.
The proportions of red and white fibres depend on the way the muscle
is used. Fibre can be converted from one type to the other, depending
on the signals it receives. This is known as the Trophic effect. Different
frequencies have different effects: Low (1-10 Hz) frequencies coupled
with long impulse times have a purifying and relaxing effect through
individual contractions, whereby the circulation in the treated muscle
is simultaneously improved and removal of metabolic end products is
supported (lymphatic drainage). The oxygen supply to the muscle is
improved. In contrast, medium (20-50 Hz) frequencies can put a high
level of strain on the muscle, thus promoting the muscular structure.
Very high frequencies (60-90 Hz) can be used to promote muscle
definition and bulk. The body maps at the back of this guide show pad
positioning in order to stimulate specific muscle groups.
3.5 Treatment time and treatment interval
Treatment by EMS can vary between 15-60 minutes stimulation twice a
week to treatment several times per day.