Telit Wireless Solutions SL876Q5-A Product User Manual

SL876Q5-A
Product User Guide
1VV0301333 Rev. 2
2017-06-27
SL876Q5-A Product User Guide

NOTICE .

While reasonable efforts have been made to assure the accuracy of this document, Telit assumes no liability resulting from any inaccuracies or omissions in this document, or from use of the information obtained herein. The information in this document has been carefully checked and is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies or omissions. Telit reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein and reserves the right to revise this document and to make changes from time to time in content hereof with no obligation to notify any person of revisions or changes. Telit does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product, software, or circuit described herein; neither does it convey license under its patent rights or the rights of others.
It is possible that this publication may contain references to, or information about Telit products (machines and programs), programming, or services that are not announced in your country. Such references or information must not be construed to mean that Telit intends to announce such Telit products, programming, or services in your country.

COPYRIGHTS

This instruction manual and the Telit products described in this instruction manual may be, include or describe copyrighted Telit material, such as computer programs stored in semiconductor memories or other media. Laws in the Italy and other countries preserve for Telit and its licensors certain exclusive rights for copyrighted material, including the exclusive right to copy, reproduce in any form, distribute and make derivative works of the copyrighted material. Accordingly, any copyrighted material of Telit and its licensors contained herein or in the Telit products described in this instruction manual may not be copied, reproduced, distributed, merged or modified in any manner without the express written permission of Telit. Furthermore, the purchase of Telit products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license under the copyrights, patents or patent applications of Telit, as arises by operation of law in the sale of a product.

COMPUTER SOFTWARE COPYRIGHTS

The Telit and 3rd Party supplied Software (SW) products described in this instruction manual may include copyrighted Telit and other 3rd Party supplied computer programs stored in semiconductor memories or other media. Laws in the Italy and other countries preserve for Telit and other 3rd Party supplied SW certain exclusive rights for copyrighted computer programs, including the exclusive right to copy or reproduce in any form the copyrighted computer program. Accordingly, any copyrighted Telit or other 3rd Party supplied SW computer programs contained in the Telit products described in this instruction manual may not be copied (reverse engineered) or reproduced in any manner without the express written permission of Telit or the 3rd Party SW supplier. Furthermore, the purchase of Telit products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license under the copyrights, patents or patent applications of Telit or other 3rd Par ty suppl ied SW, except for the normal non-exclusive, royalty free license to use that arises by operation of law in the sale of a product.
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USAGE AND DISCLOSURE RESTRICTIONS

I. License Agreements
The software described in this document is the property of Telit and its licensors. It is furnished by express license agreement only and may be us ed only in accordance with the terms of such an agreement.
II. Copyrighted Materials
Software and documentation are copyrighted materials. Making unauthorized copies is prohibited by law. No part of the software or documentation may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of Telit
III. High Risk Materials
Components, units, or third-party products used in the product described herein are NOT fault­tolerant and are NOT designed, manufactured, or i ntended for use as on-line control equipment in the following hazardous environments requiring fail-safe controls: the operation of Nuclear Facilities, Aircraft Navigation or Aircraft Communication Systems, Air Traffic Control, Life Support, or Weapons Systems (High Risk Activities"). Telit and its supplier(s) specifically disclaim any expressed or implied warranty of fitness for such High Risk Activities.
IV. Trademarks
TELIT and the Stylized T Logo are re gistered in Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners.
V. Third Party Rights
The software may include Third Party Right software. In this case you agree to comply w ith all terms and conditions imposed on you in respect of such separate so ftware. In addition to Third Party Terms, the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provisions in this License shall apply to the Third Party Right software.
TELIT HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR I MPLIED FROM ANY THIRD PARTIES REGARDING ANY SEPARATE FILES, ANY THIRD PARTY MATERIALS INCLUDED IN THE SOFTWARE, ANY THIRD PARTY MATERIALS FROM WHICH THE SOFTWARE IS DERIVED (COLLECTI VELY “OTHER CODE”), AND THE USE OF ANY OR ALL THE OTHER CODE IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE, INCLUDING (WITHOUT LIMITATION) ANY WARRANTIES OF SATISFACTO RY QUALITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
NO THIRD PARTY LICENSORS OF OTHER CODE SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST PROFITS), HOWEVER CAUSED AND WHETHER MADE UNDER CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHER LEGAL THEORY, ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE OTHER CODE OR THE EXERCISE OF ANY RIGHTS GRANTED UNDER EITHER O R BOTH THIS LICENSE AND THE LEGAL TERMS APPLICABLE TO ANY SEPARATE FILES, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
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Product

PRODUCT APPLICABILITY TABLE

SE876Q5-A
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CONTENTS
NOTICE . .................................................................................................... 2
COPYRIGHTS ................................................................................................ 2
COMPUTER SOFTWARE COPYRIGHTS ...................................................... 2
USAGE AND DISCLOSURE RESTRICTIONS ............................................... 3
PRODUCT APPLICABILITY TABLE .............................................................. 4
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 11
Purpose ...................................................................................... 11
Contact and Support Information ................................................ 11
Text Conventions ........................................................................ 12
Related Documents .................................................................... 13
Related Documents Requiring a Non-disclosure Agreement ....... 13
2. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ......................................................... 14
Product Overview ....................................................................... 14
SL876Q5-A Block Diagram ......................................................... 15
SL876Q5-A Module .................................................................... 16
3. SL876Q5-A EVALUATION KIT (EVK) ....................................... 17
SL876Q5-A Evaluation Board (EVB) ........................................... 18
4. PRODUCT FEATURES .............................................................. 19
Built-in Antenna and Switch ........................................................ 19
Multi-Constellation Navigation ..................................................... 19
Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) support ........................... 19
Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) ............................ 19
SBAS Corrections ....................................................................... 19
SBAS Ranging ............................................................................ 19
Assisted GPS (AGPS) - SiRFInstantFix™ ................................... 19
Client-generated Extended Ephemeris (CGEE) .......................... 20
Server-generated Extended Ephemeris (SGEE) ......................... 20
2-D Positioning ........................................................................... 20
Static Navigation ......................................................................... 20
Velocity Dead-Reckoning ............................................................ 21
Jamming Rejection – Continuous Wave (CW) Jamming Mitigation21
Elevation Mask Angle ................................................................. 21
5 Hz Navigation .......................................................................... 21
10 Hz Navigation ........................................................................ 22
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1PPS .......................................................................................... 22
I/O Communication Ports ............................................................ 22
Power Management .................................................................... 23
Full Power Mode ......................................................................... 23
SmartGNSS ................................................................................ 23
Trickle Power .............................................................................. 24
Push-to-Fix ................................................................................. 24
SiRFaware .................................................................................. 24
Hibernate .................................................................................... 24
Internal LNA ................................................................................ 25
Device Wake-up (1st port) ........................................................... 25
MEMS Wakeup (2nd Port - I2C).................................................. 25
Host I/O Ports ............................................................................. 25
5. PRODUCT PERFORMANCE ..................................................... 26
Horizontal Position Accuracy ...................................................... 26
Time to First Fix .......................................................................... 26
Sensitivity ................................................................................... 27
6. SOFTWARE INTERFACE .......................................................... 28
NMEA Output Messages ............................................................ 28
Standard Messages .................................................................... 28
SiRF Proprietary Messages ........................................................ 29
Telit Proprietary Messages ......................................................... 29
NMEA Input Commands ............................................................. 30
Change output sentences and their rates .................................... 30
Change data rate ........................................................................ 30
Switch to OSP protocol ............................................................... 30
OSP Output Messages ............................................................... 30
OSP Input Commands ................................................................ 30
Change output messages ........................................................... 30
Change data rate ........................................................................ 30
Switch to NMEA protocol and data rate....................................... 30
7. FLASH UPG RADABI LI TY .......................................................... 31
8. ELECTRICAL INTERFACE ........................................................ 32
Module Pin-out ............................................................................ 32
DC Characteristics ...................................................................... 35
Absolute Maximum Ratings ........................................................ 35
Power Supply.............................................................................. 36
1.8 V Supply Voltage .................................................................. 36
Voltage Supply Capacitance ....................................................... 36
DC Power Requirements ............................................................ 36
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DC Power Consumption ............................................................. 37
Control Input Signals ................................................................... 38
ON-OFF (input) and SYSTEM-ON (output) ................................. 38
nReset ........................................................................................ 38
Boot Select ................................................................................. 39
Internal / nExternal Antenna Enable ............................................ 39
Control Output Signals ................................................................ 39
1PPS .......................................................................................... 39
SYSTEM-ON (output) ................................................................. 39
LNA Enable ................................................................................ 39
RF Interface ................................................................................ 40
Built-in chip antenna ................................................................... 40
External RF Input ........................................................................ 40
Ground Plane.............................................................................. 40
External Active Antenna Voltage ................................................. 41
Burnout Protection ...................................................................... 41
Jamming Rejection ..................................................................... 41
Frequency Plan ........................................................................... 41
Local Oscillator Leakage ............................................................. 41
Host I/O Ports - Con figuration and Operation .............................. 42
Primary Host Port Configuration.................................................. 42
Secondary Host Port Configuration ............................................. 42
UART Operation ......................................................................... 42
I2C Operation .............................................................................. 43
SPI Operation ............................................................................. 44
9. REFERENCE DESIGN ............................................................... 45
10. RF FRONT END DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS .......................... 47
RF Signal Requirements ............................................................. 47
GNSS Antenna Polarization ........................................................ 48
Active versus Passive Antenna ................................................... 48
GNSS Antenna Gain ................................................................... 49
System Noise Floor..................................................................... 49
PCB stack and Trace Impedance ................................................ 50
RF Trace Losses ........................................................................ 50
Implications of the Pre-Select SAW Filter .................................... 51
RF Interference ........................................................................... 51
Shielding ..................................................................................... 51
Powering an External LNA (External Active Antenna) ................. 52
11. MECHANICAL DRAWING ......................................................... 53
12. PCB FOOTPRINT ...................................................................... 54
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13. PRODUCT PACKAGING AND HANDLING ............................... 56
Product Labelling and Serialization ............................................. 56
Product Label – SL876Q5-A ....................................................... 56
Product Packaging ...................................................................... 57
Moisture Sensitivity ..................................................................... 58
ESD Sensitivity ........................................................................... 59
Reflow......................................................................................... 59
Assembly Considerations............................................................ 59
Washing Considerations ............................................................. 59
Safety ......................................................................................... 59
Disposal ...................................................................................... 59
14. ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS ....................................... 60
Operating Environmental Limits .................................................. 60
Storage Environmental Limits ..................................................... 60
15. COMPLIANCES ......................................................................... 61
EU Declaration of Conformity ...................................................... 61
RoHS Certificate ......................................................................... 61
16. GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS ................................................. 62
17. SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................ 65
READ CAREFULLY .................................................................... 65
Electrical and Fire Safety ............................................................ 66
18. DOCUMENT HISTORY .............................................................. 67
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FIGURES
Figure 2-1 SL876Q5-A Block Diagram ................................................................................. 15
Figure 2-2 SL876Q5-A module photo ................................................................................... 16
Figure 3-1 Evaluation Kit (EVK) contents ............................................................................. 17
Figure 3-2 SL876Q5-A Evaluation Board ............................................................................. 18
Figure 8-1 SL876Q5-A Pin-ou t Diagram............................................................................... 32
Figure 9-1 Reference Des ign ............................................................................................... 45
Figure 10-1 RF Trace Examples .......................................................................................... 50
Figure 11-1 SL876Q5-A Mechanical Drawing ...................................................................... 53
Figure 12-1 SL876Q5-A Footprint and Ground Plane.......................................................... 54
Figure 12-2 SL876Q5-A PCB Footprint (detail) .................................................................... 55
Figure 13-1 SL876Q5-A Product Label ................................................................................ 56
Figure 13-2 Product Packaging – Tray 90 pcs. each ............................................................ 57
Figure 13-3 Moisture-Sensitive Device Label ....................................................................... 58
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SL876Q5-A Product User Guide
TABLES
Table 4-1 Power Management Modes ................................................................................. 23
Table 5-1 SL876Q5-A Horizontal Position Accuracy ............................................................ 26
Table 5-2 SL876Q5-A Time to First Fix ................................................................................ 26
Table 5-3 SL876Q5-A Sensitivity ......................................................................................... 27
Table 6-1 Default NMEA Output Messages .......................................................................... 28
Table 6-2 Available NMEA Output Messages ...................................................................... 28
Table 6-3 NMEA Talker IDs ................................................................................................. 29
Table 8-1 SL876Q5-A Pin-out Function Table ...................................................................... 34
Table 8-2 DC Characteristics ............................................................................................... 35
Table 8-3 Absolute Maximum Ratings .................................................................................. 35
Table 8-4 DC Supply Voltage ............................................................................................... 36
Table 8-5 Power Consumption – SL876Q5-A ...................................................................... 37
Table 8-6 Power Consumption – SL876Q5-A Low Power modes ........................................ 37
Table 8-9 Ground Plane Size ............................................................................................... 40
Table 8-7 Frequency Plan .................................................................................................... 41
Table 8-8 LO Leak age ......................................................................................................... 41
Table 8-10 Primary Host I/O Port Configuration ................................................................... 42
Table 8-11 UART Pin Assignments ...................................................................................... 43
2
Table 8-12 I
C Pin Assignments ........................................................................................... 44
Table 8-13 SPI Mode Pin Assignments ................................................................................ 44
Table 10-1 Inductor Loss ..................................................................................................... 52
Table 13-1 SL876Q5-A Product Label Description ............................................................... 56
Table 14-1 Operating Environmental Limits ......................................................................... 60
Table 14-2 Storage Environmental Limits ............................................................................. 60
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SL876Q5-A Product User Guide

1. INTRODUCTION

Purpose

The purpose of this document is to provide product information for the SL876Q5-A module.

Contact and Support Information

For general contact, technical support services , technical questions and re port documentation err ors contact Telit Technical Support at:
TS-EMEA@telit.com
TS-AMERICAS@telit.com
TS-APAC@telit.com
Alternatively, use:
http://www.telit.com/support
For detailed information about where you can buy the Telit modules or for recommendations on accessories and components visit: http://www.telit.com
Our aim is to make this guide as helpful as possible. Keep us informed of your comments and suggestions for improvements. Telit appreciates feedback from the users of our information.
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Caution or W arning – This is an important point about integrating the product Tip – This is advice or suggestion that may be useful when integrating the

Text Conventions

Dates are in ISO 8601 format, i.e. YYYY-MM-DD.
Symbol Description
Danger – This information MUST be followed or catastrophic equipment failure and/or bodily injury may occur.
into a system. If this information is disregarded, the product or system may malfunction or fail.
product.
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SL876Q5-A Product User Guide

Related Docum e nts

SL876Q5-A Data Sheet
SL876Q5-A Evaluation Kit User Guide

Related Documents Requiring a Non-disclosure Agreement

SiRFstarV B02 Designer’s Guide
SiRFstarV B02 Software User's Guide
NMEA Reference Guide (CS-129435-MA8)
SiRFstarV One Socket Protocol Interface Control Document (CS-129291-DCP15)
SiRFstarV OSP Extensions (CS-303979-7)
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2. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

The SL876Q5-A modules are complete multi-constellation position, velocity, and time (PVT) engines featuring high performance, high sensitivity, and low power consumption.
A built-in tri-band chip antenna receives RF signals from the GNSS satellite s. Provision is also made for switching to an external active antenna under host control.
The inclusion of the GLONASS and BeiDou constellations yields better coverage, greater accuracy, and improved availability.
The SL876Q5-A modules are based on the SiRFstar 5e (B02) flash GNSS chip.

Product Over view

Complete GNSS receiver module including memory, LNA, TCXO, RTC, and tri-band chip antenna
External antenna may be used
Based on the SiRFstar 5e (B02) flash GNSS chip
GPS (L1), QZSS, and either Glonass (L1) or BeiDou (B1) simultaneous ranging
Galileo ready
SBAS capable (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, GAGAN), including ranging
AGPS support for extended ephemeris using local or server-based solutions:
o Client-Generated Extended Ephemeris (CGEE) o Server-Generated Extended Ephemeris (SGEE)
Jamming Rejection
Supports an external active antenna
1PPS output
Fix reporting at 1 H z 5 Hz, or 10 Hz
NMEA v3.1 command input and data output
OSP (binary) command input and data output
Two serial ports for input commands and output messages
The primary serial port is configurable for UART, I
The secondary serial port is configurable for UART or I
16 Megabit built-in flash memory
Less than 70 mW typical power consumption (Full Power mode – GPS + GLO)
Power management modes for extended battery life
o SiRFSmartGNSS I, SiRFSmartGNSS II o Push-to-Fix, Trickle Power, SiRFaware
Supported by evaluation kits
-40°C to +85°C industrial temperature range
11.0 x 11.9 x 2.15 mm (nominal) 24-pad LCC package
Surface mountable by standard SMT equipment
RoHS compliant design
2
C, or SPI interface
2
Cinterface
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SL876Q5-A Block Diagram

Figure 2-1 SL876Q5-A Block Diagram
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SL876Q5-A Module

Figure 2-2 SL876Q5-A module photo
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3. SL876Q5-A EVALUATION KI T (E V K)

Figure 3-1 Evaluation Kit (EVK) contents
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SL876Q5-A Evaluation Board (EVB)

Figure 3-2 SL876Q5-A Evaluation Board
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4. PRODUCT FEATURES

Built-in Antenna and Switch

The module includes a built-in tri-band chip ant enna and an RF switch that provides for input from an external active antenna.

Multi-Constellation Navigation

GPS and GLONASS constellations are enabled by default. The user may enable or disable GPS, GLONASS, and/or BDS constellations via OSP
command MID 222,16. Use of GLONASS or BDS alone may not give optimum positioning results depending on the region that the receiver is located in.

Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) support

The Japanese SBAS satellites are in a highly-inclined elliptical orbit which is geosynchronous (not geostationary) and has analemma-like ground tracks. This orbit allows continuous coverage over Japan using only three satellites. Their primary purpose is to provide augmentation to the GPS system, but the signals may also be used for ranging.
QZSS ranging is disabled by default, but can be enabled via OSP MID 222,16 command.

Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS)

The receiver is capable of using SBAS satellites both as a source of differential corrections and satellite ranging measurements. These systems (WAAS, EGNOS, GAGAN and MSAS) use geostationary satellites to transmit regional corrections via a GNSS-compatible signal.

SBAS Corrections

The SBAS satellites transmit a set of differential corrections to their respective regions. The use of SBAS corrections can improve positioning accuracy.
SBAS corrections for GPS are disabled by default but can be enabled via OSP MIDs 133, 138, and 170 c ommands. Thereafter, the receiver will demodulate and use corrections data from the SBAS signal.

SBAS Ranging

The use of SBAS satellites can augment the number of measurements available for the navigation solution, thus improving availability and accuracy.
SBAS satellite ranging is disabled by default but can be enabled via a $PSRF103 MNEA command or OSP Mode Control command (MID 136).

Assisted GPS (AGPS) - SiRFInstantFix™

A GNSS receiver requires ephemeris data to calculate the precise position in space of each satellite to be used in the navigation solution. Since the satellites move at a speed of 3874 km/s along their orbits and are subject to gravitational perturbations from all masses in the solar system, this data must be both current and accurate. Each GPS satellite transmits a complete set of its ephemeris coefficients (called the broadcast ephemeris or BE) every 30 seconds. This is therefore the minimum time required for a cold start Time to First Fix (TTFF). The BE data is usually refreshed every 2 hours.
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The minimum cold start TTFF can be reduced from 30 seconds to just a few seconds by implementing AGPS, which can provide Extended Ephemeris (EE) data by two methods -
1. Locally-generated: The receiver includes software to project the future positions of the satellites. This data may be calculated out to 14 days or even longer, depending on the resources available in the receiver, e.g. computation ability and memory.
2. Server-generated: A server calculates the future position projections and makes them available to a receiver, typically over the internet. This data may be good for 30 days, depending on available resources, e.g. communication links and storage.
Both CGEE and SGEE are available for GPS and GLONASS satellites.

Client-generated Extended Ephemeris (CGEE)

Extended ephemeris is computed in the receiver and then stored locally in the flash memory. Whenever the module receives ephemeris data for a satellite, it checks if it has computed
CGEE for that satellite recently. If it has not, it computes EE for that satellite (for the next 3 days for GPS and 1 day for GLONASS) and stores it in flash memory. The next time the module turns on and broadcast ephemeris is not available for a visible satellite, the stored CGEE data is searched to see if it is still valid and can be used. If EE data is available for enough satelli tes, the receiver can obtain a first fix in 10 to 15 secon ds (typical) rather than the usual 35 second s without EE data. CGEE is enabled by default.

Server-generated Extended Ephemeris (SGEE)

Extended ephemeris is computed at the server and saved in a file which can then be downloaded to the receiver’s flash memory. The server file contains 1, 3, 7, and 14, days of ephemerides. To use SGEE data, a file must be transferred using NMEA or OSP commands. Please contact Telit support for subscription details.

2-D Positioning

By default, the module will compute a 2-D solution if possible when performing initial acquisition. In a 2-D solution, the receiver assumes a value for altitude and uses it to estimate the horizontal position. Under warm and hot start conditions, the receiver uses the last known value of altitude, which is a good assumption in most situations. However under cold start conditions, the last position is unknown, and the receiver assumes a value of 0. In situations where the true altitude is significantly higher than that, the horizontal position estimate will be noticeably impacted. 2_D positioning is controlled by OSP MID 136.

Static Navigation

Static Navigation is an operating mode in which the receiver will freeze the position fix when the speed falls below a set threshold (indicating that the receiver is stationary). The course is also frozen, and the speed is reported as 0. The navigation solution is unfrozen when the speed increases above a threshold or when the computed position exceeds a set distance from the frozen position (indicating that the receiver is again in motion). These thresholds cannot be changed by the user.
This feature is useful for applications in which very low dynamics are not expected, the classic example being an automotive application.
Static Navigation is disabled by default, but can be enabled by OSP MID 143 command.
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Velocity Dead-Reckoning

Velocity dead-reckoning is the use of the last known velocity to propagate the navigation solution when there are insufficient measurements to calculate an updated solution. It serves to mitigate the effects of blocked satellite signals by continuing to provide a position output. Note: The receiver outputs status information which indicates that a solution is being maintained using dead-reckoning.
This feature is disabled by default but can be enabled using the Mode Control message (MID
136). Valid timeout values are in a range from zero (which disables dead-reckoning) to two minutes.
Jamming Rejection – Continuous Wave (CW) Jamming
Mitigation
Continuous Wave (CW) jamming mitigation improves performance in a system that is affected by these predictable jamming signals:
Stable jamming signals generated by your system implementation, such as harmonics of digital clocks and logic switching
Predictable jamming signals in the RF environment (e.g. from collocated transmitters)
When this feature is activated, the process for jamming mitigation is:
1. Detect jamming signals above the noise floor.
2. Isolate and filter frequencies containing jamming signals.
The GNSS signal is constantly monitored for CW jammers and up to eight are detected and cancelled in each band without any operator intervention.
GPS, GLONASS, and BDS band cancellers are activated and reported using OSP Message ID 92. This feature is useful both in the design stage and during the production stage for uncovering issues related to unexpected jamming. Use OSP MID 220,1 to configure this feature.

Elevation Mask Angle

The default elevation mask angle is 5° which can be changed using OSP MID 139.

5 Hz Navigation

When this feature is enabled, the receiver starts in 1 Hz mode and continues until it achieves an over-determined fix with 5 or more satellites. It then computes and outputs solutions 5 times per second. Each computation uses fewer, but more frequent satellite observations. In most situations this gives a better response to vehicle velocity and course changes but might cause slightly more erratic performance in stationary or low-dynamic situations.
The receiver also attempts to send out 5 times as many messages per second. The data rate may need to be increased or the set of scheduled messages be reduced to avoid overloading the available bandwidth.
For NMEA protocol, with default messages set on (GGA, GSA and RM C output once per cycle and GSV output once every 5 cycles) output is nearly 1300 characters per second. Including start and stop bits, at least 19200 bps is required to avoid running out of bandwidth.
For multi-constellation output, one GNGNS and one GNGSA would be added to each report cycle, and three GNGSV sentences every 5 rate. For OSP protocol, CSR recommends a minimum data rate of 115200 bps.
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th
cycle, r equiring a minimum of 38,400 bps data
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