Telit Wireless Solutions SE873Q5, SE873 Series, SE868-V3 Product User Manual

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SE873 Family

Product User Gui de

1VV0301216 Rev. 4

2018-08-24

SE873 Family Product User Guide Notices

SPECIFICATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE

NOTICES

While reasonable efforts have been made to assure the accu racy of this document, Telit assumes no liability resulting from any inaccuracies or omissions in this document, or from use of the information obtained herein. The information in this document has been carefully checked and is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies or omissions. Telit reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein and reserves the right to revise this document and to make changes from time to time in content hereof with no obligation to notify any person of revisions or changes. Telit does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product, software, or circuit described herein; neither does it convey license under its patent rights or the rights of others.

It is possible that this publication may contain references to, or information about Telit products (machines and programs), programming, or services that are not announced in your country. Such references or information must not be construed to mean that Telit intends to announce such Telit products, programming, or services in your country.

COPYRIGHTS

This manual and the Telit products described in it may be, include or describe copyrighted Telit material, such as computer programs stored in semiconductor me mories or other media. Laws in Italy and other countries preserve for Telit and its licensors cer tain exclusive rights for copyrighted material, including the exclusive right to copy, reproduce in any form, distribute, and make derivative works of the copyrighted material. Accordingly, any copyrighted material of Telit and its licensors contained herein or in the Telit products described in this manual may not be copied, reproduced, distributed, merged, or modified in any manner without the express written permission of Telit. Furthermore, the purchase of Telit products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license under the copyrights, patents, or patent applications of Telit, as arises by operation of law in the sale of a product.

COMPUTER SOFTWARE COPYRIGHTS

The Telit and 3rd Party supplied Software (SW) products described in this manual may include copyrighted Telit and other 3rd Party supplied computer programs stored in semiconductor memories or other media. Laws in Italy and other countries preserve for Telit and other 3rd Party supplied SW certain exclusive rights for copyrighted computer programs, including the exclusive right to copy or reproduce in any form the copyrighted computer program. Accordingly, any copyrighted Telit or other 3rd Party supplied SW computer programs contained in the Telit products described in this instruction manual may not be copied (reverse engineered) or reproduced in any manner without the express written permission of Telit or the 3rd Pa rty SW supplier. Furthermore, the purchase of Telit products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license under the copyrights, patents, or patent applications of Telit or other 3rd Party supplied SW, except for the normal non-exclusive, royalty free license to use that arises by operation of law in the sale of a product.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Notices

Usage and Disclosure Re str ic t ions

I. License Agreements

The software described in this document is the property of Telit and its licensors. It is furnished by express license agreement only and may be used only in accordance with the terms of such an agreement.

II. Copyrighted Materials

Software and documentation are copyrighted materials. Making unautho rized copies is prohibited by law. No part of the software or documentation may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of Telit

III. High Risk Materials

Components, units, or third-party products used in the product described herein are NOT faulttolerant and are NOT designed, manufactured, or intended for use as on-line control equipment in the following hazardous environments requiring fail-safe controls: the operation of Nuclear Facilities, Aircraft Navigation or Aircraft Communication Systems, Air Traffic Control, Life Support, or Weapons Systems (High Risk Activities"). Telit and its supplier(s) specifically disclaim any expressed or implied warranty of fitness for such High-Risk Activities.

IV. Trademarks

TELIT and the Stylized T Logo are registered in Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners.

V. Third Party Right s

The software may include Third Party Right software. In this case you agree to comply with all terms and conditions imposed on you in respect of such separate software. In addition to Third Party Terms, the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provisions in this License shall apply to the Third-Party Right software.

TELIT HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED FROM ANY THIRD PARTIES REGARDING ANY SEPARATE FILES, ANY THIRD PARTY MATERIALS INCLUDED IN THE SOFTWARE, ANY THIRD PARTY MATERIALS FROM WHICH THE SOFTWARE IS DERIVED (COLLECTIVELY “OTHER CODE”), AND THE USE OF ANY OR ALL THE OTHER CODE IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE, INCLUDING (WITHOUT LIMITATION) ANY WARRANTIES OF SATISFACTORY QUALITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

NO THIRD PARTY LICENSORS OF OTHER CODE SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATIO N LOST PROFIT S), HOWEVER CAUSED AND WHETHER MADE UNDER CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHER LEGAL THEORY, ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OR DISTRIBUTION OF T HE OTHER CODE OR T HE EXERCISE OF ANY RIGHTS GRANTED UNDER EITHER OR BOTH THIS LICENSE AND THE LEGAL TERMS APPLICABLE TO ANY SEPARATE FILES, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Applicability Table

PRODUCT

SE873

SE873Q5

PRODUCT APPLICABILITY TABLE

Table 0-1 Product Applicability Table

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Contents

NOTICES .................................................................................................................................... 2

PRODUCT APPLICABILITY TABLE .......................................................................................... 4

CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................ 5

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 11

Purpose ...................................................................................................................... 11

Contact and Support Information ................................................................................. 11

Related Documents and Downloads ........................................................................... 11

Related Documents Requiring a Non-Disclosure Agreement 11

Text Conventions ........................................................................................................ 12

2. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................. 13

Product Overview ........................................................................................................ 13

Product Variants.......................................................................................................... 13

Block Diagram ............................................................................................................. 14

SE873 Modules Photos ............................................................................................... 15

3. SE873 EVALUATON KIT (EVK) ..................................................................................... 16

SE873 Evaluation Unit ................................................................................................ 17

4. PRODUCT FEATURES ................................................................................................... 18

Multi-Constellation Navigation ..................................................................................... 18

Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) support ........................................................... 18

Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) ............................................................ 18

SBAS Corrections 18 SBAS Ranging 18

Assisted GPS (AGPS) - SiRFInstantFix™ ................................................................... 18

Client-generated Extended Ephemeris (CGEE) 19 Server-generated Extended Ephemeris (SGEE) 19

2-D Positioning ............................................................................................................ 19

Static Navigation ......................................................................................................... 19

Velocity Dead-Reckoning ............................................................................................ 19

Jamming Rejection – Continuous Wave (CW) Jamming Mitigation ............................. 20

Elevation Mask Angle .................................................................................................. 20

5 Hz and 10 Hz Navigation .......................................................................................... 20

1PPS ........................................................................................................................... 20

Internal LNA ................................................................................................................ 21

Passive antenna: 21 Active antenna (or External LNA) with High Gain firmware: 21 Active antenna (or External LNA) with Low Gain firmware: 21

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Contents

Serial I/O Ports ............................................................................................................ 21

Power Management .................................................................................................... 22

Full Power Mode (default) 22 SmartGNSS 22 Trickle Power 23 Push-to-Fix 23 SiRFaware 23 Hibernate 23

5. PRODUCT PERFORMANCE .......................................................................................... 24

Horizontal Position Accuracy ....................................................................................... 24

Time to First Fix .......................................................................................................... 24

Sensitivity .................................................................................................................... 25

6. MESSAGE INTERFACE ................................................................................................. 26

NMEA Output Messages ............................................................................................. 26

Standard Messages 26 Proprietary Messages 27

NMEA Input Commands .............................................................................................. 27

Change output sentences and their rates 27 Change data rate 27 Switch to OSP protocol 27

OSP Output Messages................................................................................................ 28

OSP Input Commands ................................................................................................ 28

Change output messages 28 Change data rate 28 Switch to NMEA protocol and data rate 28

7. FLASH UPGRADABILITY .............................................................................................. 29

8. ELECTRICAL INTERFACE ............................................................................................. 30

Module Pin-out ............................................................................................................ 30

DC Characteristics 32 Absolute Maximum Ratings 32

Power Supply .............................................................................................................. 33

1.8 V Supply Voltage 33 DC Power Requirements 33 Power Supply Capacitance 33 DC Power Consumption 34

Control (input) SIgnals................................................................................................. 36

ON-OFF (input) and SYSTEM-ON (output) 36 nReset 36 Boot Select 37

Status (output) Signals ................................................................................................ 37

SYSTEM-ON 37 GNSS_ON (GPIO8) 37 1PPS 37

Serial I/O Ports - Configuration and Operation ............................................................ 38

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Contents

Primary Serial Port Configuration 38 Secondary Serial Port Configuration 38 UART Operation 39 I2C Operation 40 SPI Operation 40

RF Interface ................................................................................................................ 41

RF Input 41 External Active Antenna Voltage 41 Burnout Protection 41 Jamming Rejection 41 Frequency Plan 41 Local Oscillator Leakage 41

9. RF SIGNALS ................................................................................................................... 42

RF Input ...................................................................................................................... 42

GNSS Antenna Polarization ........................................................................................ 43

Active versus Passive Antenna ................................................................................... 43

GNSS Antenna Gain ................................................................................................... 43

System Noise Floor ..................................................................................................... 44

PCB stack and Trace Impedance ................................................................................ 44

RF Trace Losses ......................................................................................................... 45

Implications of the Pre-Select SAW Filter .................................................................... 45

RF Interference ........................................................................................................... 45

Shielding ..................................................................................................................... 46

Powering an External LNA .......................................................................................... 46

10. REFERENCE DESIGNS .................................................................................................. 47

11. MECHANICAL DRAWING .............................................................................................. 50

12. PCB FOOTPRINT ........................................................................................................... 51

13. PRODUCT PACKAGING AND HANDLING .................................................................... 52

Product Marking and Serialization ............................................................................... 52

Product Label – SE873 Family 52

Product Packaging and Delivery ................................................................................. 53

Moisture Sensitivity ..................................................................................................... 55

ESD Sensitivity ........................................................................................................... 57

Reflow ......................................................................................................................... 57

Assembly Considerations ............................................................................................ 57

Washing Considerations ............................................................................................. 57

Safety .......................................................................................................................... 57

Disposal ...................................................................................................................... 57

14. ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................ 58

Operating Environmental Limits .................................................................................. 58

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Contents

Storage Environmental Limits ...................................................................................... 58

15. COMPLIANCES .............................................................................................................. 59

EU RED Certification ................................................................................................... 59

eCall Compliance ........................................................................................................ 59

GOST R-55534 Certification ....................................................................................... 59

EU RED Declarations of Conformity ............................................................................ 60

16. GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS ...................................................................................... 62

17. SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................................................... 66

READ CAREFULLY .................................................................................................... 66

Electrical and Fire Safety ............................................................................................ 67

18. DOCUMENT HISTORY ................................................................................................... 68

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Contents

FIGURES

Figure 2-1 SE873 Block Diagram ..............................................................................................14

Figure 2-2 SE873 module photo ...............................................................................................15

Figure 2-3 SE873Q5 module photo ...........................................................................................15

Figure 3-1 Evaluation Kit (EVK) contents ..................................................................................16

Figure 3-2 SE873 Evaluation unit ..............................................................................................17

Figure 8-1 SE873 Pin-out Diagram ...........................................................................................30

Figure 9-1 RF Trace Examples .................................................................................................45

Figure 10-1 SE873 Reference Design – Passive Antenna ........................................................47

Figure 10-2 SE873 Reference Design – Active Antenna ...........................................................48

Figure 11-1 SE873 Family Mechanical Drawing ........................................................................50

Figure 12-1 SE873 Family PCB Footprint .................................................................................51

Figure 13-1 SE873Q5 Product Label ........................................................................................52

Figure 13-2 Product Packaging - Tape and Reel 1500 pcs .......................................................53

Figure 13-3 Product Packaging - Tape and Reel 450 pcs .........................................................54

Figure 13-4 Moisture Sensitive Device Label ............................................................................56

Figure 15-1 EU RED Declaration of Conformity – SE873 ..........................................................60

Figure 15-2 EU RED Declaration of Conformity – SE873Q5 .....................................................61

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Contents

TABLES

Table 0-1 Product Applicability Table ......................................................................................... 4

Table 4-1 Internal gain value and external gain range ...............................................................21

Table 4-2 Power Management Modes ......................................................................................22

Table 5-1 SE873 Family - Horizontal Position Accuracy ............................................................24

Table 5-2 SE873 Family - Time to First Fix ..............................................................................24

Table 5-3 SE873 Family - Sensitivity ........................................................................................25

Table 6-1 Default NMEA Output Messages ...............................................................................26

Table 6-2 Available NMEA Output Messages ...........................................................................26

Table 6-3 NMEA Talker IDs ......................................................................................................27

Table 8-1 SE873 Pin-out Function Table...................................................................................31

Table 8-2 DC Characteristics ....................................................................................................32

Table 8-3 Absolute Maximum Ratings .......................................................................................32

Table 8-4 DC Supply Voltage ....................................................................................................33

Table 8-5 Power Consumption – SE873 ...................................................................................34

Table 8-6 Power Consumption – SE873 Low Power modes .....................................................34

Table 8-7 Power Consumption – SE873Q5 ...............................................................................35

Table 8-8 Power Consumption – SE873Q5 Low Power modes .................................................35

Table 8-9 Primary Serial Port Configuration ..............................................................................38

Table 8-10 UART Pin Assignments ...........................................................................................39

Table 8-11 I2C Pin Assignments ...............................................................................................40

Table 8-12 SPI Mode Pin Assignments .....................................................................................40

Table 8-13 Frequency Plan .......................................................................................................41

Table 8-14 LO Leakage ............................................................................................................41

Table 9-1 Inductor Loss ............................................................................................................46

Table 13-1 SE873Q5 Product Label Description .......................................................................52

Table 14-1 Operating Environmental Limits ..............................................................................58

Table 14-2 Storage Environmental Limits ..................................................................................58

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Introduction

1. INTRODUCTION

Purpose

The purpose of this document is to provide information regarding the function, features, and usage of the Telit products listed in Table 0-1 Product Applicability Table.

Please refer to section 2 Product Description for details of the members of the product family.

Contact and Support Information

For general contact, technical support services, technical questions and report documentation errors contact Telit Technical Support at:

• TS-EMEA@telit.com

• TS-AMERICAS@telit.com

• TS-APAC@telit.com

For detailed information about where you can buy the Telit modules or for recommendations on accessories and components visit:

http://www.telit.com

Our aim is to make this guide as helpful as possible. Keep us informed of your comments and suggestions for improvements.

Telit appreciates feedback from the users of our information.

Related Docum ents and Downloads

Please refer to http://www.telit.com/gnss/ for current documentation and downloads

• SE873 Data Sheet

• SE873 Evaluation Kit User Guide (1VV0301214)

Text Conventions

Dates are in ISO 8601 format, i.e. YYYY-MM-DD.

Danger – This in formation MUST be followed or catastrophic equipment failure and/or bodily injury may occur.

Caution or Warning – This is an important point about integrating the product into a system. If this information is disregarded, the product or system may malfunction or fail.

Tip – This is advice or suggestion that may be useful when integrating the product.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Description

2. PROD UCT DES CRIPTI ON

The SE873 modules are complete multi-constellation position, velocity, and time (PVT) engines featuring high performance, high sensitivity, and low power consumption, w hich are based on the SiRFstar 5e (B02) flash GNSS chip. These modules are capable of excellent performance in harsh environments. The inclusion of the GLONASS and BeiDou constellations yields better coverage, greater accuracy, and improved availability.

Special Features

Very small form factor: 7 x 7 x 1.85 mm

Product Overvi ew

• Com plete GNSS receiver module including memory, LNA, TCXO, and RTC

• Based on the SiRFstar 5e (B02) flash GNSS chip

• Constellations: GPS, Galileo, QZSS, and either Glonass or BeiDou

• SBAS c ap able (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, GAGAN), including ranging

• AG PS support for extended ephemeris using local or server-based solutions:

o Client-Generated Extended Ephemeris (CGEE) o Server-Generated Extended Ephemeris (SGEE)

• Jam ming Rejection

• Multipath mitigation

• Supports passive or active antenna

• 1PPS output

• Power management modes for extended battery life

o SiRFSmartGNSS I, SiRFSmartGNSS II o Push-to-Fix, Trickle Power, SiRFaware

• Fix reporting at 1 H z, 5 Hz, or 10 Hz

• Command input and data output

o NMEA-0183 o OSP (binary)

• Two serial ports

o Primary serial port: configurable for UART, I o Secondary serial port: configurable for UART or I

• 16 Megabit built-in flash memory

• Less t han 70 mW total power consumption (SE873Q5 Full Power mode - typical)

• Suppor t ed by evaluation kits

• -40°C to +85°C industrial temperature range

• 7. 0 x 7.0 x 1.85 mm (nominal) 20-pad QFN package

• Surface mountable by standard SMT equipment

• eCall and ERA/GLONASS compliant

• RoHS and RED compliant design

C, or SPI interface

C interface

Product Variants

The SE873 family has the following members:

• SE873: Linear power supply

• SE873Q5: Switching mode power supply

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Description

Block Diagram

Figure 2-1 SE873 Block Diagram

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Description

SE873 Modules Photos

Figure 2-2 SE873 module photo

Figure 2-3 SE873Q5 module photo

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SE873 Family Product User Guide SE873 Evaluaton Kit (EVK)

3. SE873 EVALUATON KIT (EVK)

Figure 3-1 Evaluation Kit (EVK) contents

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SE873 Family Product User Guide SE873 Evaluaton Kit (EVK)

SE873 Evaluation Unit

Figure 3-2 SE873 Evaluation unit

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Features

4. PROD UCT FE ATURES

Multi-Constellation Navigat ion

GPS and GLONASS constellations are enabled by default. GLONASS and BeiDou cannot both be enabled at the same time. GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, and/or BDS constellations are enable/disabled via OSP command MID 222,16..

Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) support

The satellites of the Japanese regional system are in a highly inclined, elliptical geosynchronous orbit, allowing continuous high-elevation coverage over Japan and other countries using only three satellites plus one geostationary satellite. They provide additional ranging signals to augment the GNSS systems along with a corrections data stream.

QZSS ranging is enabled by default, but can be disabled via OSP command MID 222,16.

Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS)

The receiver is capable of using SBAS satellites both as a source of differential corrections and satellite ranging measurements. These systems (WAAS, EGNOS, GAGAN and MSAS) use geostationary satellites to transmit regional corrections via a GNSS-compatible signal.

SBAS Corrections

The SBAS satellites transmit a set of differential corrections to their respective regions. The use of SBAS corrections can improve positioning accuracy. However, the nav solution cannot use mixed corrected and uncorrected satellites.

SBAS corrections are disabled by default but can be enabled via OSP MIDs 133, 138, and 170 commands. Thereafter, the receiver will demodulate and use corrections data from the SBAS signal for satellites over 36 dB-Hz.signal level.

SBAS Ranging

The use of SBAS satellites can augment the number of measurements available for the navigation solution, thus improving availability and accuracy.

SBAS satellite ranging is disabled by default but can be enabled via a NMEA $PSRF103 command or OSP Mode Control command MID 136 .

Assisted GPS (AGPS) - SiRFInstantFix™

A GNSS receiver requires ephemeris data to calculate the precise position in space of each satellite to be used in the navigation solution. Since the satellites move at a speed of 3874 km/s along their orbits and are subject to gravitational perturbations from all masses in the solar system, this data must be both current and accurate. Each GPS satellite transmits a complete set of its ephemeris coefficients (called the broadcast ephemeris or BE) every 30 seconds. This is therefore the minimum time required for a cold start Time to First Fix (TTFF). The BE data is usually refreshed every 2 hours.

The minimum cold start TTFF can be reduced from 30 seconds to just a few seconds by implementing AGPS, which can provide Extended Ephemeris (EE) data by two methods -

1. Locally-generated (CGEE): The receiver includes software to project the future positions of the satellites. This data may be calculated out to 14 days or even longer, depending on the resources available in the receiver, e.g. computation ability and memory.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Features

2. Server-generated (SGEE): A server calculates the future position projections and ma kes them available to a receiver, typically over the internet. This data may be good for 30 days, depending on available resources, e.g. communication links and storage.

Both CGEE and SGEE are available for GPS and GLONASS satellites.

Client-generated Extended Ephemeris (CGEE)

Extended ephemeris is computed in the receiver and then stored locally in the flash memory. Whenever the module receives ephemeris data for a satellite, it checks if it has computed CGEE for that satellite recently. If it has not, it computes EE for that satellite (for the nex t 3 days for GPS and 1 day for GLONASS) and stores it in flash memory. The next time the module turns on and broadcast ephemeris is not available for a visible satellite, the stored CGEE data is s earc hed t o see if it is still valid and can be used. If EE data is av ailable for enough satellites, the receiver can obtain a first fix in a few seconds rather than the usual 30+ seconds without EE data. CGEE is enabled by default.

Server-generated Extended Ephemeris (SGEE)

Extended ephemeris is computed at the server and saved in a file which can then be downloaded to the receiver’s flash memory. The server file contains 1, 3, 7, and 14, days of ephemerides. To use SGEE data, a file must be transferred using NMEA or OSP commands. Please contact Telit support for subscription details.

2-D Positioning

By default, the module will compute a 2-D solution if possible when performing initial acquisition. In a 2-D solution, the receiver assumes a value for altitude and uses it to estimate the nav solution. Under warm and hot start conditions, the receiver uses the last known value of altitude, which is a good assumption in most situations. However, under cold start conditions, the last position is unknown, and the receiver assumes a value of 0. In situations where the true altitude is significantly higher than that, the horizontal position estimate will be noticeably impacted. 2_D positioning is controlled by OSP MID 136.

Static Navigation

Static Navigation is an operating mode in which the receiver will freeze the position fix when the speed falls below a set threshold (indicating that the receiver is stationary). The course is also frozen, and the speed is reported as 0. The navigation solution is unfrozen when the speed increases above a threshold or when the computed position exceeds a set distance from the frozen position (indicating that the receiver is again in motion). These thresholds cannot be changed by the user.

This feature is useful for applications in which very low dynamics are not expected, the classic example being an automotive application.

Static Navigation is disabled by default, but can be enabled by OSP command MID 143.

Velocity Dead-Reckoning

Velocity dead-reckoning is the use of the last known velocity to propagate the navigation solution when there are insufficient measurements to calculate an updated solution. It serves to mitigate the effects of blocked satellite signals by continuing to provide a position output. Note: The receiver outputs status information which indicates that a solution is being maintained using deadreckoning.

This feature is disabled by default but can be enabl ed using the M ode C ontrol message MID 136. Valid timeout values are in a range from zero (which disables dead-reckoning) to two minutes.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Features

Jamming Rejec ti on – Continuous Wave (CW) Jamming

Mitigation

Continuous Wave (CW) jamming mitigation improves performance in a system that is affected by these predictable jamming signals:

• St able j amming signals generated by your system implementation, such as harmonics of digital clocks and logic switch ing

• Predictable jamming signals in the RF environment (e.g. from collocated transmitters)

When this feature is activated, the process for jamming mitigation is:

1. Detect jamming signals above the noise floor.

2. Isolate and filter frequencies containing jamming signals.

The GNSS signal is constantly monitored for CW jammers and up to eight are detected and cancelled in each band without any operator intervention.

GPS, GLONASS, and BDS band cancellers are activated and reported using OSP MID 92. T h i s feature is useful both in the design stage and during the production stage for uncovering issues related to unexpected jamming. Use OSP MID 220,1 to configure this feature.

Elevation Mask Angle

The default elevation mask angle is 5° which can be changed using OSP MID 139.

5 Hz and 10 Hz Navigation

When this feature is enabled, the receiver starts in 1 Hz mode and continues until it achieves an over-determined fix with 5 or more satellites. It then computes and outputs solutions 5 or 10 times per second. Each computation uses fewer, but more frequent satellite observations. In most situations this gives a better response to vehicle velocity and course changes but might cause slightly more erratic performance in stationary or low-dynamic situations.

The receiver also attempts to send out 5 or 10 times as many messages per second. The data rate may need to be increased or the set of schedu led messages be reduced to avoid overloading the available bandwidth.

For NMEA protocol, with default messages set on (GGA, GSA and RMC output once per cycle and GSV output once every 5 cycles) output is nearly 1300 characters per second at 5 Hz. Including start and stop bits, at least 19200 bps is required to avoid running out of bandwidth.

For multi-constellation output, one GNGNS and one GNGSA would be added to each report cycle, and three GNGSV sentences every 5 Hz. For OSP protocol, CSR recommends a minimum data rate of 115,200 bps.

To enable 5 or 10 Hz Navigation, use a $PSRF103 command or an OSP MID 136 command with bit 2 of the pos_mode_enable field set to 1.

c ycle, requiring a minimum of 38,400 bps data rate at 5

1PPS

The module provides a 1PPS timing pulse. See section 8.4.3 1PPS

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Features

Internal LNA

The GNSS engin e has an adjustable gain internal LNA which allows the receiver to compensate for the use of various external antennas. The default gain (low or high) is determined by the version of firmware installed in the module. The chart below shows the internal gain modes and the allowable external gain.

Use the OSP command MID 178,70 to change the gain of the internal LNA.

Passive antenna:

For passive antenna operations, the internal LNA should be in high gain mode. GPIO8 should normally be left unconnected or connected to monitor the receiver status.

Active antenna (or External LNA) with High Gain firmware:

If an external LNA is used with the internal LNA in high gain mode, total RF gain should not

exceed the recommend limit of 30dB.

When GPIO8 is high, the external LNA should be enabled. When low, it should be disabled.

Active antenna (or External LNA) with Low Gain firmware:

If an external LNA is used with the internal LNA in low gain mode, total RF gain should not exceed the recommend limit of 30dB.

When GPIO8 is high, the external LNA should be enabled. When low, it should be disabled.

Gain Internal LN A gain Internal LNA NF External Gain Range

High 16 dB 2 dB (typical) 0 to 14 dB Low 6 dB 6.5 dB (typical) 14 to 24 dB

Table 4-1 Internal gain value and external gain range

Serial I/O Ports

The primary port (TX / RX) can be configured to communicate using UART, I2C, or SPI interface. It is used for command input and message output.

The secondary port (TX1 / RX1) can be c onfigured to communica te using UA RT or I These pins are named GPIO 0 and 1.

See section 8.5 Serial I/O Ports - Configuration and Operation for details

C interface.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Features

Continuous operation in reporting

SmartGNSS modes save power based

Power Management

The receiver features several operating modes that provide reduced power consumption. Availability of GNSS signals in the operational environment will be a factor in choosing power

management modes. The designer can choose a mode that provides the best trade-off of navigation performance versus power consumption.

Each of the power management modes can be commanded using the Power Mode Request Message MID218,6. Please refer to the SiRFstarV OSP Extensions manual (CS-303979) for details.

Power Mode Name Description

Full Power

Continuous

SiRFSmartGNSS 1

Fixes

SiRFSmartGNSS 2

Trickle Power Power cycling: RUN - STANDBY

Periodic

Fixes

Push To Fix Power cycling: RUN - HIBERNATE

SiRFAware Periodic data collection & updating

No Fixes Hibernate

Table 4-2 Power Management Modes

position fixes optimized for the best allaround performance.

on satellite signal strength.

Only RTC and BBRAM ar e powered up for maximum power saving.

Full Power Mode (default)

This mode has the highest average power consumption, but it is the most accurate navigation mode and supports the most dynamic motion scenarios. Full Power is required during initial satellite acquisition, tracking, & navigation and while receiving SGEE assistance data.

SmartGNSS

SmartGNSS modes are power saving alternatives for GNSS operation while maintaining complete functionality of the device, similar to the full power mode. T he module uses full power during the initial acquisition of the first fix, and will continue tracking in SmartGNSS if enabled. Therefore, all first fix metrics for SmartGNSS are equivalent to full power.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Features

4.14.2.1. SmartGNSS I

SmartGNSS I autonomously manages GNSS system usage to save power based on signal conditions.

The adaptive mechanism uses fewer system resources during strong signal conditions and uses more resources during weak signal conditions in order to maintain navigation performance. Full constellation tracking is maintained while in this mode. 1PPS is available.

4.14.2.2. SmartGNSS II

SmartGNSS II includes the benefits of SmartGNSS I and achieves further power reduction by minimizing the usage of the secondary GNSS constellation. The adaptive mechanism adjusts constellation usage based on signal conditions to maintain performance while minimizing power consumption. 1PPS is available.

Trickle Power

This mode cycles between FULL POWER and STANDBY states. It provides GPS-only navigation updates at a fixed rate of 1 to 10 seconds, and retains good accuracy and dynamic motion response, but at a lower average power consumption than Full Power. The receiver will go to FULL POWER if signals are weak or the fix is lost. 1PPS is not available. TricklePower mode yields significant power savings in strong signal conditions.

Push-to-Fix

This mode cycles between FULL POWER and HIBERNATE states. It provides for even lower power consumption than TricklePower and is intended for applications that require relatively infrequent position reports. The position is reported periodically (once every 6, 12, 18, 24 seconds or 30 to 86400 seconds in 30 s increments) and also when requested by toggling the On-Off pin.

Push-to-FixII allows vehicle velocity to be taken into account for PTF period, and QoS checks to be enabled or disabled.

SiRFaware

This mode switches between FULL POWER and HIBERNATE states. It is a power-saving mode that maintains GPS data by waking up at intervals (e.g. every 30 minutes) t o collect si gnals. Time and position estimates are updated (e.g. every 10 minutes). Extended Ephemeris will be used if available.

Hibernate

The receiver can be commanded into the HIBERNATE state, which is the lowest power mode available. Only the RTC and BBRAM domains are powered up. Use the NMEA $PSRF117,16 or OSP MID 205 command to transition to this s tate. The module will also transition to HIBERNATE when the ON-OFF pin is brought low.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Performance

Constellation

CEP (m)

GPS

1.5

BeiDou

N/A

GPS + Glonass

1.5

GPS + BeiDou

2.5

Hot

1.1

Warm - Assisted

7.5

Warm

Cold

Hot

1.1

Warm

Cold

Hot

1.1

Warm

Cold

5. PRODUCT PERFORMANCE

Horizontal P osi tion Accuracy

Test Conditions: 24-hr Static, -130 dBm, Full Power mode

Table 5-1 SE873 Family - Horizontal Position Accuracy

Time to First Fix

Constellations(s) Start Type Max TTFF (s)

GPS

GPS + GLO

GPS + BeiDou

Test Conditions: Static scenario, -130 dBm, Full Power mode

Table 5-2 SE873 Family - Time t o First Fix

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Performance

SE873

SE873Q5

Acquisition

-146

-147

Navigation

-161

-160

Tracking

-165

-164

Acquisition

-146

Navigation

-161

Tracking

-165

-167

Acquisition

-146

Navigation

-161

-160

Tracking

-165

-167

Sensitivity

Minimum Signal Level (dBm)

Constellation(s) State

GPS

GPS + GLO

GPS + BeiDou

Test conditions: Static scenario, Full Power mode

Table 5-3 SE873 Family - Sensitivity

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Message Interface

Message ID

Description

Frequency

RMC

GNSS Recommended minimum navigation data

GGA

GNSS position fix data

GSA

GNSS Dilution o f Pr ecision (DOP) and ac ti ve satellites

GSV

GNSS satellites in view.

1 / 5

Message ID

Description

GNS

GNSS Fix Data

6. MESSAGE INTERFACE

The primary serial I/O port ( UART, I2C, or SPI) supports full duplex communication between the receiver and the user.

The default configuration is: NMEA, 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit. Two protocols are available for command input and data output:

• NMEA-0183

• SiRF One Socket Protocol (OSP)

See section 6.2 NMEA Input Commands for information on controlling the output messages.

NMEA Output Messa ges

1 Hz fix rate 5 Hz or 10 Hz may be selected.

Standard Messages

These messages are sent by default.

Note: Multiple GSA and GSV messages may be output per cycle.

Table 6-1 Default NMEA Output Messages

The following messages can be enabled by command:

GLL Geographic Position – Latitude & Longitude VTG Course Over Ground & Ground Speed ZDA Time and Date

Table 6-2 Available NMEA Output Messages

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Message Interface

Talker ID

Constellation

GLONASS

GPS

The following Talker IDs are used:

GA Galileo GB BeiDou

GN Solutions using multiple constellations

Table 6-3 NMEA Talker IDs

Proprietary Messages

The receiver can issue several proprietary NMEA output messages ($PSRF) which report additional receiver data and status information.

Some of these messages exceed the 80-character limitation of the NMEA-0183 standard.

NMEA Input Commands

The receiver uses NMEA proprietary messages for commands and command responses. This interface provides configuration and control over selected firmware features and operational properties of the module.

The format of a command i s:

$<command-ID>[,<parameters>]*<cr><lf>

Commands are NMEA proprietary format and begin with “$PSRF”. Parameters, if present, are comma-delimited as specified in the NMEA protocol.

Change output sentences and their rates

Use the Query/Rate Control $PSRF103 command to enable and disable output NMEA messages and set their output rates.

Change data rate

Use the Set Serial Port $PSRF100 command to change the port data rate.

Switch to OSP protocol

Use the Set Serial Port $PSRF100 command to switch to the OSP protocol. It may be necessary to change the data rate since OSP can generate a much larger volume of output per reporting cycle.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Message Interface

OSP Output Messages

Please refer to SiRF OSP documentation.

OSP Input Commands

Change output messages

Use OSP MID 166 to change the output messages.

Change data rate

Use OSP MID 134 to change the baud rate

Switch to NMEA protocol and data rate

Use the OSP MID 129 command to switch to the NMEA protocol and change the port data rate.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Flash Upgradability

7. FLASH UPGRAD ABILITY

The firmware stored in the internal Flash memory of the SE873 may be upgraded via the serial port TX/RX pads.

Please refer to the SE873 Evaluation Kit User Guide to update the firmware

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Electrical Interface

8. ELECTRICAL INTERFACE

Module Pin-out

Figure 8-1 SE873 Pin-out Diagram

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Electrical Interface

Name

Type

Function

Power

3, 19

V18

Connect all pins to 1.8 V supply . See section 8.2 Power Supply.

Ground

2, 10, 20

GND

Connect all pins to ground.

RF Input

RF_IN

I Control Input

ON-OFF

On/Off. See section 8.3.1 ON-OFF (input) and SYST EM-ON (output)

NRESET

Reset (active low). See section 8.3.2 nReset. This signal is not necessary for normal operation and may be brought out to a test point or left uncon nect ed.

SEL

Low during normal operation. BOOT-SEL may be pulled high to force

SEL is read prior to the

select lines (GPIO 6 & 7). This pin s hou ld be le ft floati ng or brou ght

See section 7 Flash Upgradability.

GPIO6

GPIOs 6 & 7 are read to configure the primary serial port. only at powerAfter configuration, they may be used for UART or SPI signal lines See section 8.5 Serial I/O Ports - Configuration and Operation

GPIO7

Output

SYSTEMON

Indicates the power state of the module. Also called Wakeup. See 8.3.1 ON-OFF (input) and SYSTEM-ON (output)

GPIO8

External LNA control. High when the receiver is ope r at ing, and low See section 4.12 Internal LNA

TM O 1PPS time mark. See section 8.4.3 1PPS

Primary Port I/O See section 8.5 Serial I/O Ports - Configuration and O pe r at ion

Primary Serial Port Outp ut. UART: TX, I2C: CLK, or SPI: Data Out (MISO).

Primary Serial Port Inpu t. UART: RX, I2C: DIO, or SPI: D ata In (MOSI).

GPIO6

I/O

After configuration, may be used for UART: CTS or SPI: CL K.

GPIO7

I/O

After configuration, may be used for U ART: RTS or SPI: nCS.

Secondary Port I/O See section 8.5 Serial I/O Ports - Configuration and O per ati on

GPIO1

I/O

Secondary Serial Port I/O. UART: Receive (RX1), I2C: Clock (SCL)

GPIO0

I/O

Secondary Serial Port I/O. UART: Transmit(TX1), I2C: Data (SDA)

Reserved

Reserved - Do not connec t to any external circuit.

Reserved

Reserved - Do not connec t to any external circuit.

the module into the progra mm able st ate. BO O Tport

BOOT-

out to a test point. Max: 1.8 V.

up and reset depending on the firmware options enabled.

when in a low-power state. Also ca lled GNSS_ON.

Table 8-1 SE873 Pin-out Function Table

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Electrical Interface

ESD Voltage CDM JESD22-C101E

ESD Voltage HDM JEDEC JS-001-2012

I/O Pin Voltage (except BOOT_SEL)

DC Characteristics

Signal Description Min Typ Max

VOL Low level output voltage, IOL 2mA - - 0.4 V VOH High level output voltage, IOH 2mA 0.75 * VDD - - V VIL Low level input voltage -0.3 - 0.45 V VIH High level input voltage, IIH 2mA 0.7 * VDD - 3.6 V RPU Internal pull-up resistor equivalent 50 86 157 kΩ RPD Internal pull-down resistor equivalent 51 91 180 kΩ LI Input leakage at VI = 1.8 V or 0 V -10 - 10 µA LO Tristate output leakage at VO = 1.8 V or 0 V -10 - 10 µA CI Input capacitance, digital output - 8 - pF

Table 8-2 DC Characteristics

Unit

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Parameter Pins Absolute Max Rating Units RF Input Voltage All RF inputs 1.5 V RF Input Power All RF in pu ts 10 dBm

All Pins +/- 1100 V

All Pins +/-500 V

1.8 V Supply Voltage VDD_18 2.2 V

BOOT_SEL pin

Table 8-3 Absolute Maximum Ratings

BOOT_SEL 1.8 V

Digital inputs 3.60 V

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Electrical Interface

Name

Min

Typ

Max

Units

V18

1.71

1.8

1.89

Max ripple: 54 mV (0 to 3 MHz), 15 mV (> 3 MHz)

Power Supply

1.8 V Supply Voltage

Unlike previous GNSS receiver modules, the SE873 requires a single always-on 1.8 V supply. Rather than having a “split” power supply design of main and backup, the module manages all of its power modes internally. The module will power up into the state determined by the ON-OFF pin (High: RUN; Low: HIBERNATE) .

The power state of the SE873 can be determined by monitoring the “SYSTEM-ON” signal. A logic low indicates the module is in OFF, RESET, HIBERNATE, or STANDBY; whereas logic high indicates the module is in RUN state.

If the 1.8 volt DC supply is removed from the module (re gardless of power state) it w ill lose current RTC time and the contents of the internal SRAM. To execute an orderly shutdown, place the module into the HIBERNATE state, then remove power. To prevent improper startup, keep the power removed for approximately 10 seconds to reliably clear the SRAM contents.

The module monitors the 1.8 volt supply and issues an internal hardw are reset if the supply drops below 1.7 volts. This reset protects the memory from accidental writes during a power down condition. This reset forces the module into a low power stand-by state.

To prevent the reset, the 1.8 volt supply must be regulated to be within ±50 mV of nominal vol tage (including load regulation and power supply noise and ripple). Noise and ripple outside of these limits can affect GNSS sensitivity and also risk tripping the internal voltage supervisors, thereby shutting down the module unexpectedly. Regulators with very good load regulation are strongly recommended along with adequate power supply filtering to prevent power supply glitches as the module transitions between power states.

The power supply voltage, including noise and ripple must be as speci fied below in Table 8-4 DC Supply Voltage for all frequencies. To help meet these requirements, a separate LDO for the module is suggested.

DC Power Requirements

Table 8-4 DC Supply Voltage

Power Supply Capacitance

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are not recommended at the input to the module due to their high ESR. Tantalum capacitors are recommended with a minimum value of 10uF in parallel with a 0.1uF ceramic capacitor. Ceramic capacitors alone can be used, but ensure that the LDO is stable with such capacitors tied to the output.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Electrical Interface

Acquisition

GPS only

111

GPS and Glonass

117

101

125

GPS and BeiDou

122

100

130

Navigation/Tracking

GPS Only

GPS and Glonass

124

GPS and BeiDou

111

135

Low Power Modes

State & Constellation

Typ

Units

Trickle Power

GPS only

GPS and Glonass

GPS and BeiDou

Push To Fix

GPS only

GPS and Glonass

GPS and BeiDou

Battery Backup (Hibernate)

Trickle Power mode: On 100 ms, Max Off 30 s Push To Fix mode: Max Search: 6 s, Max Off: 120 s

DC Power Consumption

Power Mode -> Smart 1 Full Power

State & Constellation Typ Max Typ Max Units

Table 8-5 Power Consumption – SE873

Table 8-6 Power Consumption – SE873 Low Power modes

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Electrical Interface

Low Gain

Full Power

State & Constellation

Typ

Max

Typ

Max

Typ

Max

Units

Acquisition

GPS only

104

GPS and Glonass

100

106

GPS and BeiDou

101

105

Navigation/Tracking

GPS Only

GPS and Glonass

101

GPS and BeiDou

Operating temperature: 25°C. Supply voltage: 1.8 VDC nominal

Low Power Modes

State & Constellation

Typ

Units

Trickle Power

GPS only

GPS and Glonass

GPS and BeiDou

Push To Fix

GPS only

GPS and Glonass

GPS and BeiDou

Trickle Power mode: On 100 ms, Max Off 30 s Push To Fix mode: Max Search: 6 s, Max Off: 120 s

Power Mode ->

Smart 2

Table 8-7 Power Consumption – SE873Q5

Smart 1

Hign Gain

Table 8-8 Power Consumption – SE873Q5 Low Power modes

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Electrical Interface

Control (input) SIgnals

ON-OFF (input) and SYSTEM-ON (output)

The SE873 module has three power states: OFF, RESET, and ON. The OFF state is when power is removed from the module. Upon initial application of power, the module enters the RESET state until the internal reset

process is completed. It then transitions to the ON state. In the ON state, the module will transition to either the RUN or HIBERNATE substate depending

on the ON-OFF pin status.

• If the ON-OFF pin is high, the module will transition to the RUN substate.

• If the ON-OFF pin is low, the module will transition to the HIBERNATE substate.

The ON state is indicated by a logic high output on the SYSTEM-ON signal.

Note: The ON_OFF pin must not be tied to V18 because it must be brought low, then high to transition out of a commanded hibernate state.

The module will transition to the RESET state when external reset (nRESET) is pulled low, or upon internal reset (e.g. supply voltage out of spec). The external nRESET signal takes precedence over the state of the ON-OFF signal. SYSTEM-ON will be logic low.

While in the ON state, there are three substates, depending upon commands or selected power management modes. The three substates ar e: HIBERNA TE, STANDBY, and RUN.

The module transitions between RUN and STANDBY via TricklePower modes; and between RUN and HIBERNATE via PushToFixII and SiRFaware modes. It can also transition from RUN to HIBERNATE by de-asserting the ON-OFF signal. The firmware is configured to transition fr om HIBERNATE to RUN when data is received on the RX pin.

In HIBERNATE and STANDBY, the SYSTEM-ON signal will be logic low; in RUN, it will be logic high.

To execute an orderly shutdown, place the module in the HI BERNATE substate, then remove power.

Also, see the next section 8.3.2 nReset.

nReset

The module will generate an internal reset as appropriate. Therefore, no external signal is required for the module to operate properly and this pin may be left unconnected.

If an external reset is desired, the signal must be either open collector or open drain without any form of pull up. Do not pull this line high with either a pull up or a driven logic one. When this line is pulled low, the module will immediately transition into reset mode.

When the external reset is released, the module will go through its normal power up sequence provided the V18 supply is within specifications. See section 8.3 Control (input) SIgnals

ON-OFF (input) and SYSTEM-ON (output) Pulling nRESET low at any time forces the module into the reset state regardless of the ON-OFF

signal. In the reset state, the SYSTEM-ON signal is low. Once the nRESET signal is released the module will transition to the HIBERNATE state or to the

ON state as determined by the ON-OFF signal input.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Electrical Interface

Boot Select

It is not necessary to use the Boot Select pin to re-flash the receiver since SiRFlive can use commands to perform this task. This pin should be left floating or may be brought out to a test point.

Max volta ge is 1.8 V .

Status (output ) Signals

SYSTEM-ON

See section 8.3.1 ON-OFF (input) and SYSTEM-ON (output).

GNSS_ON (GPIO8)

See section 4.12 Internal LNA for details.

1PPS

1PPS is a one pulse per second signal which is enabled after the receiver has achieved a 5satellite Kalman filter position fix. It is disabled 5 seconds after the position fix becomes invalid. The time mark is within 1 μs of the GPS epoch and normally within 100 ns.

Pulse width is 250 ms.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Electrical Interface

Serial I/O Ports - Configurat ion and Operation

The receiver module includes two full-duplex serial ports which are configurable for the desired interface.

Primary Serial Port Configuration

The primary port is configured for UART, I2C or SPI interface via reading GPIO6 and GPIO7 pins at startup or reset (only).

Pin Pullup /

Pulldown

GPIO6 Weak

internal

pulldown

GPIO7

Table 8-9 Primary Serial Port Configuration

Note: GPIO6 and GPIO7 are read for configuration purposes only at power up or reset. Afterwards, they may be used for UART or SPI signal lines depending on firmware options.

Weak

internal

pullup

(may become CTS)

(may become RTS)

UART I2C

(MULTI-MASTER)

Pullup

10 kΩ to +1.8 V

Float

10 kΩ to ground

Float

Pulldown

SPI

(slave)

Float

(becomes SCLK)

Float

(becomes SPI_CS)

Secondary Serial Port Configuration

The secondary port is configured by the firmware build. It is disabled by default. Note: SPI is not available because it requires 4 pins.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Electrical Interface

Transmit Data (TX)

Receive Data (RX)

GPIO6

CTS (if enabled)

GPIO7

RTS (if enabled)

Secondary Port

TX1

Trans mit Dat a ( TX1)

RX1

Receive Data (RX1)

UART Operation

See section 8.5.1 Primary Serial Port Configuration to specify UART interface for t he pr i m a r y port..

The secondary port is configured by loading the appropriate FW. Default: NMEA at 9600 bps, 8-bit, No parity, and 1 stop bit. Upon power up, the module will communicate using a standard asynchronous 8 bit protocol with

output messages appearing on the TX line and input commands and data being received on the RX line. The UART can operate at baud rates from 4800 bps to 1.2288 Mbps, however speeds above 115,200 bps have not been fully tested and verified.

If the module is operated in TricklePower mode, a baud rate of at least 38,400 is recommended. This reduces the time required to empty the output buffer and allows the receiver to drop into the low power state for a longer period of time.

The minimum recommended baud rate for OSP is 38400, or 115200 if debug data messages are enabled.

Use the Query/Rate Control PSRF103 command to enable and disable output NMEA messages and set their output rates.

Flow control is disabled by default. Use the OSP MID 178,70 command to enable/disable flow control on primary first port.

After configuration, the pins are defined below:

Pin Name UART Function

Primary Port

Table 8-10 UART Pin Assignments

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Electrical Interface

Pin Name

I2C Function

Primary Port

I2C Clock (SCL)

I2C Data (SDA)

GPIO6

Not used

GPIO7

Not used

Secondary Port

I2C Data (SDA)

I2C Clock (SCL)

Primary Port

SPI Data Out (MISO)

SPI Data In (MOSI)

GPIO6

SPI Clock (SCLK)

GPIO7

SPI Chip Select (CS#)

Secondary Port

Not Available

I2C Operation

See section 8.5.1 Primary Serial Port Configuration to specify I2C interface for the primary port.. The secondary port is configured by loading the appropriate FW.

Upon power up, the module acts as a master transmitter and a slave receiver (multi-master mode).

Clock rates of 100 and 400 kbps are supported. Default addresses – Transmit: 0x60, Receive: 0x62.

After configuration, the pins are defined below:

When used in I2C mode, pull-ups in the range of 1K to 2.2K to a 1.8V to 3.6V power supply are required on the clock and data lines.

Table 8-11 I2C Pin Assignments

SPI Operation

See section 8.5.1 Primary Serial Port Configuration to specify SPI interface f or the primary port..

The 2 SPI is supported in the slave mode. The MicroWire format is not supported. Maximum speed is 6.8 MHz. After configuration, the pins are defined below:

Pin Name SPI Function

port cannot be configured for SPI interface since there are only two pins available.

Table 8-12 SPI Mode Pin Assignments

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Electrical Interface

Signal

Frequency (MHz)

TCXO Frequency

26.000

LO Frequency

1588.6

Signal

Level

LO Leakage

-70 dBm (typical)

RF Interface

RF Input

The RF input (RF-IN) pin accepts GNSS signals in the range of 1561 M Hz to 1606 M Hz at a level between -125 dBm and -165 dBm into 50 Ohm impedance.

A maximum of 3 V DC can be applied to the RF input.

The RF-IN pin is ESD sensitive.

The SE873 contains an integrated LNA and pre-select SA W filter. This allow s the module to wor k well with a passive GNSS antenna. If the antenna cannot be located near the module, then an active antenna (that is, an antenna with a built in low noise amplifier) should be used.

Antenna Characteristics:

• Passive antenna: isotropic gain of greater than -6 dBi.

• Act ive antenna: noise figure of less than 1.0 dB will offer the best performance.

See section 4.12 Internal LNA for recommendations and maximum ratings for active antenna (or external LNA) gain.

External Active Antenna Voltage

If an active antenna (or external LNA) is used, an external bias-T is required to provide voltage to it. A DC blocking capacitor is also required to prevent DC v oltage from bein g applied to RF-IN pin.

Burnout Protection

The receiver accepts without risk of damage a signal of +10 dBm from 0 to 2 GHz carrier frequency, except in band 1560 to 1610 MHz where the maximum level is –10 dBm.

Jamming Rejection

Jamming Rejection can be used for solving narrow band (CW) EMI problems in the customer’s system. It is effective against narrow band clock harmonics. Jamming Rejection is not effective against wide band noise, e.g. from a host CPU memory bus or switching power supply because these sources typically cannot be distinguished from thermal noise. A wide band jamming signal effectively increases the noise floor and reduces GNSS signal levels. Please refer to section 4.8 Jamming Rejection – Continuous Wave (CW) Jamming Mitigation for further details.

Frequency Plan

Table 8-13 Frequency Plan

Local Oscillator Leakage

Table 8-14 LO Leakage

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SE873 Family Product User Guide RF Signals

9. RF SIGNALS

RF Input

The receiver can achieve Cold Start acquisition with a signal level above the specified minimum at its input. This means that it can acquire and track visible satellites, download the necessary ephemeris data and compute the location within a 5 minute period. In the G NSS signal acquisition process, decoding the navigation message data is the most difficult task, which is why Cold Start acquisition requires a higher signal level than navigation or tracking. For the purposes of this discussion, autonomous operation is assumed, which makes the Cold Start acquisition level the dominant design constraint. If assistance data in the form of time or ephemeris aiding is available, lower signal levels can be used for acquisition.

The GPS signal is defined by IS-GPS-200. This document states that the signal level received by a linearly polarized antenna having 3 dBi gain will be a minimum of -130 dBm when the antenna is in the worst-case orientation and the satellite is 5 degrees or more above the horizon.

In actual practice, the GPS satellites transmit slightly more power than specified by IS-GPS-200, and the signal level typically increases if a satellite has higher elevation angles.

The GLONASS signal is defined by GLONASS ICD 2008 Version 5.1. This document states that the power level of the received RF signal from GLONASS satellite at the output of a 3 dBi linearly polarized antenna is not less than -131dBm for L1 sub-band provided that the satellite is observed at an angle 5 of degrees or more above the horizon.

The receiver will display a reported C/No of 40 dB-Hz for a GPS signal level of -130 dBm at the RF input. This assumes a SEN (system equivalent noise) of the receiver of 4dB. System Equivalent Noise includes the Noise Figure of the receiver plus signal processing or digital noise. For an equivalent GLONASS signal level the GLONASS signal will report a C/No of approximately 39 dB-Hz. This is due to the receiver’s higher losses (NF) for GLONASS signals and a higher signal processing noise for GLONASS signals.

Each GNSS satellite presents its own signal to the receiver, and best performance is obtained when the signal levels are between -130 dBm and -125 dBm. These received signal levels are determined by:

• GNSS satellite transmit power

• G NSS sat ellite elevation angle

• Fr ee spac e path loss

• Extraneous pat h loss (such as rain)

• Par t ial or total path blockage (such as foliage or buildings)

• Multipath interference (caused by signal reflection)

• G NSS antenna characteristics

• Sig nal pat h after the GNSS antenna

The satellite transmit power is specified in each constellation’s reference documentation, readily available online.

The GNSS signal is relatively immune t o attenuation from rainfall. However, the GNSS signal is heavily influenced by attenuation due to foliage (such as tree

canopies, etc.) as well as outright blockage caused by buildings, terrain or other items near the line of sight to the specific GNSS satellite. This variable attenuation is highly dependent upon satellite location. If enough satellites are blocked, say at a lower elevation, or all in one general direction, the geometry of the remaining satellites will result is a lower position accuracy. The receiver reports this geometry effect in the form of PDOP, HDOP and VDOP numbers.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide RF Signals

For example, in a vehicular application, the GNSS antenna may be placed on the dashboard or rear package tray of an automobile. The metal roof of the vehicle will cause significant blockage, plus any thermal coating applied to the vehicle glass can attenuate the GNSS signal by as much as 15 dB. Again, both of these factors will affect the performance of the receiver.

Multipath interference is a phenomenon where the signal from a particular satellite is reflected and is received by the GNSS antenna in addition to or in place of the line of sight signal. The reflected signal has a path length that is longer than the line of sight path and can ei ther attenuate the original signal, or, if received in place of the original signal, can add error in determining a solution because the distance to the particular satellite is actually shorter than measured. It is this phenomenon that makes GNSS navigation in urban canyons (narrow roads surrounded by high rise buildings) so challenging. In general, the reflection of a GNSS signal causes the polarization to reverse. The implications of this are covered in the next section.

GNSS Antenna Polarization

The GPS broadcast signal is Right Hand Circularly Polarized (RHCP). An RHCP antenna will have 3 dB gain compared to a linearly-polarized antenna (assuming the

same antenna gain specified in dBic and dBi respectively). An RHCP antenna is better at rejecting multipath interference than a linearly polarized antenna

because the reflected signal changes polarization to LHCP. This signal would be rejected by the RHCP antenna, typically by 20 dB or greater.

If the multipath signal is attenuating the line of sight signal, then the RHCP antenna would show a higher signal level than a linearly polarized antenna because the interfering signal is rejected.

However, in the case where the multipath signal is replacing the line of sight signal, such as in an urban canyon environment, then the number of satellites in view could drop below the minimum needed to determine a 3D position. This is a case where a bad signal may be better than no signal. The system designer needs to understand trade-offs in their application to determine the better choice.

Active versus Passive Antenna

If the GNSS antenna is placed near the receiver and the RF trace losses are not excessive (nominally 1 dB), then a passive antenna may be used. This would often be the lowest cost option and most of the time the simplest to use. However, if the antenna needs to be located away from the receiver, then an active antenna may be required to obtain the best system performance. An active antenna includes a built- in low noise amplifier (LNA) to overcome RF trace and cable losses. Also, many active antennas have a pre-select filter, a post-select filter, or both.

Important specifications for an active antenna LNA are gain and noise figure.

GNSS Antenna Gain

Antenna gain is defined as the amplified signal power from the antenna compared to a theoretical isotropic antenna (equally sensitive in all directions).

Optimum performance is realized only if the firmware build and hardware c onfiguration match the type of antenna used (active or passive). The firmware must set the internal LNA gain to correspond to the installed antenna.

For example, a 25 mm by 25 mm square patch antenna on a reference ground plane (usually 70 mm by 70 mm) may give an antenna gain at zenith of 5 dBic. A smaller 18 mm by 18 mm square patch on a reference ground plane (usually 50 mm by 50 m m) may give an antenna gain at zenith of 2 dBic.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide RF Signals

An antenna vendor should specify a nominal antenna gain (usually at zenith, or directly overhead) and antenna pattern curves specifying gain as a function of elevation, and gain at a fixed elevation as a function of azimuth. Pay careful attention to the requirement to meet the required design, such as ground plane size and any external matching components. Failure to follow these requirements could result in very poor antenna performance.

It is important to note that GNSS antenna gain is not the same as external LN A gain. Most antenna vendors will specify these numbers separately, but some combine them into a single number. Both numbers are significant when designing the front end of a GNSS receiver.

For example, antenna X has an antenna gain of 5 dBic at azimuth and an LNA gain of 20 dB for a combined total of 25 dB. Antenna Y has an antenna gain of -5 dBic at azimuth and an LNA gain of 30 dB for a combined total of 25 dB. However, in the system, antenna X will outperform antenna Y by about 10 dB (Refer to section 4.12 Internal LNA for more details on external LNA gain).

An antenna with higher gain will generally outperform an antenna wi th lower gain. How ever, once the signals are above about -130 dBm for a particular satellite, no improvement in performance would be realized. But for those satellites with a signal level below about -135 dBm, a hi gher gain antenna would amplify the signal and improve the performance of the GNSS receiver. In the case of really weak signals, a good antenna could mean the difference between being able to use a particular satellite signal or not.

System Noise Floor

The receiver will display a reported C/No of 40 dB-Hz for an input signal level of -130 dBm. The C/No number means the carrier (or signal) is 40 dB greater than the noise floor measured in a one Hz bandwidth. This is a standard method of measuring GNSS receiver performance.

The simplified formula is: C/No = GNSS Signal level – Thermal Noise – System NF

Equation 9-1Carrier to Noise Ratio

Thermal noise is -174 dBm/Hz at 290K. We can estimate a system noise figure of 4 dB for the module, consisting of the pre-select SAW

filter loss, the LNA noise figure, and implementation losses within the digital signal processing unit. The DSP noise is typically 1.0 to 1.5 dB.

However, if a good quality external LNA is used, the noise figure of that LN A (typically better than 1dB) could reduce the overall system noise figure from 4 dB to approximately 2 dB.

PCB stack and Trace Impedance

It is important to maintain a 50 Ω impedance on the RF path trace. Design software for calculating trace impedance can be found from multiple sources on the internet. The best method is to contact your PCB supplier and request a stackup for a 50 Ω controlled impedance board. They will give you a suggested trace width along with PCB stackup needed to create the 50 Ω impedance.

It is also important to consider the effects of component pads that are in the path o f the 50 Ω trace. If the traces are shorter than a 1/16th wavelength, transmission line effects will be minimized, but stray capacitance from large component pads can induce additional RF losses. It may be necessary to ask the PCB vendor to generate a new PCB stackup and suggested trace w idth that is closer to the component pads, or modify the component pads themselves.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide RF Signals

RF Trace Losses

RF Trace losses on a PCB are difficult to estimate without having appropriate tables or RF simulation software. A good rule of thumb would be to keep the RF traces as short as possible, make sure they are 50 ohm impedance, and don’t contain any sharp bends.

Figure 9-1 RF Trace Examples

Implications of the Pre-Select SAW Filter

The SE873 modules include a pre-select SAW filter in front of the internal LNA. Thus, the RF input of the module is connected directly to the SAW filter. Any circuit connected to the RF input pin would see a complex impedance presented by the SAW filter (especially out of band), rather than the relatively broad and flat return loss presented by an LNA. Filter dev ices pass the desired in-band signal, resulting in low reflected energy (good return loss), and reject the out-of-band signals by reflecting it back to the input, resulting in bad return loss.

If an external amplifier is to be used with the receiver, the overall design should be checked for RF stability to prevent the external amplifier from oscillating. Amplifiers that are unconditionally stable at their output will function correctly.

If an external filter is to be connected directly to the module, care needs to be used in making sure the external filter or the internal SAW filter performance is not compromised. These components are typically specified to operate into 50 Ω impedance, which is generally true inband, but would not be true out of band. If there is extra gain associated with the external filter, then a 6 dB Pi or T resistive attenuator is suggested to improve the impedance match between the two components.

RF Interfer e nc e

RF interference into the GNSS receiver tends to be the biggest problem when determining why the system performance is not meeting expectations. As men tioned earlier, the GNSS signals are at -130 dBm and lower. If signals higher than this are presented to the receiver, the RF front end can be overdriven. The receiver can reject CW jamming signals in each band (GPS, GLONASS, and BeiDou), but would still be affected by non-CW signals.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide RF Signals

The most common source of interference is digital noise, often created by the fast rise and fall times and high clock speeds of modern di gital circuitry. For ex ample, a popul ar netbook computer uses an Atom processor clocked at 1.6 GHz. This is only 25 MHz away from the GNSS signal, and depending upon temperature of the SAW filter, can be within its passband. Because of the nature of the address and data lines, this would be broadband digital noise at a relatively high level.

Such devices are required to adhere to a regulatory standard for emissions such as FCC Part 15 Subpart J Class B or CISPR 22. However, these regulatory emission levels are far higher than the GNSS signal.

Shielding

Shielding the RF circuitry generally is ineffective because the interference is received by the GNSS antenna itself, the most sensitive portion of the RF path. The antenna cannot be shielded because it could not then receive the GNSS signals.

There are two solutions, one is to move the antenna away from the source of interference, and the other is to shield the digital interference source to prevent it from getting to the antenna.

Powering an External LNA

An external LNA requires a source of power. Many active antennas accept a 3 V or 5 V DC voltage that is impressed upon the RF signal line.

Two approaches can be used:

1. Use an inductor to tie directly to the RF trace. This inductor should be at self-resonant at L1 (1.57542 GHz) and should have good Q for low loss. The higher the inductor Q, the lower the loss will be. The side of the inductor connecting to the antenna supply vol tage should be bypassed to ground with a good quality RF capacitor, again with self-resonance at the L1 frequency.

2. Use a quarter wave stub in place of the inductor. The length of the stub is designed to be exactly ¼ wavelength at L1, which has the effect of making an RF short at one end of the stub to appear as an RF open at the other end. The RF short is created by a high quality RF capacitor operating at self-resonance.

The choice between the two would be determined by:

• RF pat h loss introduced by either the inductor or quarter wave stub.

• Cost of the inductor.

• Space availability f or the quarter wave stub.

Simulations done by Telit show the following losses:

Inductor Additional signal loss

Murata LQG15HS27NJ02 0.65 Quarter wave stub on FR4 0.59 Coilcraft B09TJLC (used in ref. design) 0.37

Table 9-1 Inductor Loss

Since this additional loss occurs after the LNA, it is generally not significant unless the circuit is being designed to work with both active and passive antennas.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Reference Designs

10. REFERENCE DESIGNS

Note: XC6221 is the DC voltage supply regulator

Figure 10-1 SE873 Reference Design – Passive Antenna

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Reference Designs

Note: XC6221 is the DC voltage supply regulator

Figure 10-2 SE873 Reference Design – Active Antenna

See notes on the next page.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Reference Designs

Along with power and ground, the minimum signals required to operate the module properly are: one RF input and four digital lines.

The RF input can be connected directly to a passive GNSS antenna. C5 is used to block DC voltage from entering the module. The active-antenna reference design

shows a DC power feed for its LNA. The inductor L1 is chosen to be self-resonant at the GPS L1 frequency (1.57542 GHz) to minimize loading on the RF trace. Capacitor C6 is also chosen to be self-resonant at the GPS L1 frequency such that it is close to an RF short at that frequency. V_ANT is the supply voltage for the external active antenna.

TX is a standard serial output - usually a UART with a default bit rate of 9600 bps, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity. As is the case with all UART data, the idle state is logic one. This is a 1.8 volt logic level signal. Note that it can be configured for I

C or SPI interface.

RX is a standard serial input - usually a UART with a default bit rate of 9600 bps, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit and no parity. As is the case with all UART data, the idle state is logic one. This is a 1.8 volt logic level sig nal, but is tole rant to 3.6 volt s. Note that it c an be configur ed for I

C or SPI

interface. SYSTEM-ON is an output indicating the power state of the module. If the module is in the RUN

state, the logic level will be high, otherwise the logic level will be low. This is a 1.8 volt signal. ON-OFF is an input to co ntrol the power state of th e module. After power-up, the module will enter

the RUN state if it is high, or the HIBERNATE state if it is low. SYSTEM- ON will then indicate the system’s state.

Note: ON-OFF must not be tied to V18 or the module will not be able to exit a commanded HIBERNATE state.

Resistor R1 as shown pulls GPIO6 high, which specifies the serial port configuration to be serial UART. See section 8.5 Serial I/O Ports - Configuration and Operation.

The power supply shown is a minimal design for power requirements. The power supply must have tight voltage regulation under varying line and load conditions to prevent falsely tripping the internal voltage supervisor within the module.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Mechanical Drawing

11. MECH ANICAL DRAWING

Figure 11-1 SE873 Family Mechanical Drawing

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SE873 Family Product User Guide PCB Footprint

12. PCB FOOTPRINT

Figure 12-1 SE873 Family PCB Footprint

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Packaging and Handling

13. PRODUCT PACKAGING AND HANDLING

Product Marking and Seriali za t ion

The SE873 module label has a 2D Barcode with the module serial number. Contact a Telit representative for information on specific module serial numbers.

Product Label – SE873 Family

Figure 13-1 SE873Q5 Product Label

Key Description

0 Pin 1 location 1 Tel it Logo 2 Module Name 3 Product Variant (if any)

Barcode type 2D Datamatrix and text of Telit Serial Number

11 digit (base 36 - 0 to 9 followed by A to Z)

Table 13-1 SE873Q5 Product Label Description

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Packaging and Handling

Product Packaging and Delivery

SE873 modules are available in Tape and Reel packaging of 450 pcs or 1500 pcs. Each reel is ‘dry’ packaged and vacuum sealed in a Moisture Barrier Bag (MBB) with two silica

gel packs and placed in a carton. All packaging is ESD protective lined.

Figure 13-2 Product Packaging - Tape and Reel 1500 pcs

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Packaging and Handling

Figure 13-3 Product Packaging - Tape and Reel 450 pcs

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Packaging and Handling

Moisture Sensitivity

Precautionary measures are required in handling, storing and using these devices to avoid damage from moisture absorption. If localized heating is required to rework or repair the device, precautionary methods are required to avoid exposure to solder reflow temperatures that can result in performance degradation.

The SE873 module has a moisture sensitivity level rating of 3 as defined by IPC/JEDEC J-STD-

020. This rating is assigned due to some of the components used within the module.

The SE873 packaging is hermetically sealed with desiccant and humidity indicator card. The SE873 parts must be placed and reflowed within 168 hours of first opening the hermetic seal provided the factory conditions are less than 30°C and less than 60% and the humidity indicator card indicates less than 10% relative humidity.

If the package has been opened or the humidity indicator card indicates above 10%, then the parts must be baked prior to reflow. The parts may be baked at +125°C ± 5°C for 48 hours. However, the tape and reel cannot withstand that temperature. Lower temperature baking is feasible if the humidity level is low and time is available. Please see IPC/JEDEC J-STD-033 for additional information.

Additional information can be found on the MSL tag affixed to the outside of the hermetically sealed bag.

JEDEC standards are available free of charge from the JEDEC website http://www.jedec.org.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Packaging and Handling

Figure 13-4 Moisture Sensitive Device Label

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Product Packaging and Handling

ESD Sensitivity

The SE873 module contains class 1 devices and is classified as Electro-Static Discharge Sensitive (ESDS).

Telit recommends the two basic principles of protecting ESD devices from damage:

• Handle sensitive components only in an ESD Protected Area (EPA) under protected and

controlled conditions;

• Protect sensitive devices outside the EPA using ESD protective packaging.

All personnel handling ESDS devices have the responsibility to be aware of the ESD threat to the reliability of electronic products.

Further information can be obtained from the JEDEC standard JESD625-A Requirements for Handling Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive (ESDS) Devices.

Reflow

The modules are compatible with lead free soldering processes as defined in IPC/JEDEC J-STD-

020. The reflow profile must not exceed the profile given IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 Table 5-2,

“Classification Reflow Profiles”. Although IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 allows for three reflows, the assembly process for the module uses one of those profiles, therefore the module is limited to two reflows.

When re-flowing a dual-sided SMT board, it is important to reflow the side containing the module last. This prevents heavier components within the module from becoming dislodged if the solder reaches liquidus temperature while the module is inverted.

Note: JEDEC standards are available for free from the JEDEC website http://www.jedec.org

Assembly Considerations

During board assembly and singulation process steps, pay careful attention to unwanted vibrations, resonances and mechanical shocks introduced by the board router.

Washing Considerations

The module can be washed using standard PCB cleaning procedures after assembly. The shield does not provide a water seal to the internal components of the module, so it is important that the module be thoroughly dried prior to use by blowing excess water and then baking the module to drive residual moisture out. Depending upon the board cleaning equipment, the drying cycle may not be sufficient to thoroughly dry the module, so additional steps may need to be taken. Exact process details will need to be determined by the type of washing equipment as well as other components on the board to which the module is attached. The module itself can withstand standard JEDEC baking procedures.

Safety

Improper handling and use of this module can cause permanent damage to it. There is also the possible risk of personal injury from mechanical trauma or choking hazard.

See section 17 Safety Recommendations for safety information.

Disposal

We recommend that this product should not be treated as household waste. For more detailed information about recycling this product, please contact your local waste management authority or the reseller from whom you purchased the product.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Environmental Requirements

Environmental Limits - Operating

Temperature

-40°C to +85°C

Temperature Rate of Change

±1°C / minute maximum

Up to 95% non-condensing or wet bulb temperature of +35°C, whichever is less

Altitude

-1500 m to 100,000 m

Maximum Vehicle Dynamics

600 m/s (acquisition and navigation) 2 G acceleration

Environmental Limits - Storage

Temperature

-40°C to +85°C

Up to 95% non-condensing or wet bulb te mperature of +35°C, whichever is less

Shock

18G peak, 5 millisecond duration

Shock (in shipping container)

10 drops from 75 cm onto concrete floor

14. ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

Operating Environmental Limits

Humidity

Table 14-1 Operating Environmental Limits

Storage Environmental Lim it s

Humidity

Table 14-2 Storage Environmental Limits

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Compliances

15. COMPLIANCES

The module complies with the following:

• Directive 2011/65/EU art. 16 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS)

• Manufactur ed in an ISO 9000: 2008 accredited facility

• Manufactur ed to TS 16949 2009 requirement (upon request)

EU RED Certification

The Telit SL873 modules are certified compliant with the EU RED Directives.

eCall Compliance

The modules comply with eCall requirements.

GOST R-55534 Certification

For this certification, the 1 Hz update rate must be used.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Compliances

EU RED Declarations of Conformity

Figure 15-1 EU RED Declaration of Conformity – SE873

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Compliances

Figure 15-2 EU RED Declaration of Conformity – SE873Q5

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Glossary and Acronyms

generated or

precision set of orbital parameters for the entire GPS

almanac is updated weekly by the Master Control Station. See

start occurs when a receiver begins operation with unknown position, time, and ephemeris data, typically when it is powered up after a period on inactivity. Almanac information may be used to

The lowest signal level at which a GNSS receiver is able to reliably

satellite position and velocity. The satellite position is then used to calculate the navigation solution. Ephemeris data is updated Large, momentary, unwanted electrical currents that can cause

16. GLO SS ARY AND ACR O NYMS

AGPS Assisted (or Aided) GPS

AGPS provides ephemeris data to the receiver to allow faster cold start times than would be possible using only broadcast data.

This extended ephemeris data could be either serverlocally-generated.

See Local Ephemeris prediction data and Server-based Ephemeris prediction data

Almanac A reduced-

constellation that allows calculation of approximate satellite positions and velocities. The almanac may be used by a receiver to determine satellite visibility as an aid during acquisition of satellite signals. The

Ephemeris.

BeiDou (BDS) formerly COMPASS

Cold Start A cold

Cold Start Acquisition Sensitivity

EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service

Ephemeris (plural ephemerides)

The Chinese GNSS, currently being expanded towards full operational capability.

identify previously visible satellites and their approximate positions. See Restart.

acquire satellite signals and calculate a navigation solution from a Cold Start. Cold start acquisition sensitivity is limited by the dat a decoding threshold of the satellite messages.

The European SBAS system. A set of precise orbital parameters that is used by a GNSS receiver to

calculate frequently (normally every 2 hours for GPS) to maintain the accuracy

of the position calculation. See Almanac.

ESD: Electro-Static Disch arg e

damage to electronic equipment.

GAGAN The Indian SBAS system.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Glossary and Acronyms

A factor used to describe the effect of satellite geometry on the The Russian GNSS, which is operated by the Russian Aerospace

based navigation system with global

that provides

position, and ephemeris data, typically after being sent a restart

A module design without pins. In place of the pins are pads of bare

Extended Ephemeris (i.e. predicted) data, calculated by the receiver from broadcast data received from satellites, which is stored in

Galileo The European GNSS currently being built by the European Union (EU)

and European Space Agency (ESA).

GDOP Geometric Dilution of P rec is io n

accuracy of the time and position solution of a GN SS receiver. A low er value of GDOP indicates a smaller error in the solution. Related factors include PDOP, HDOP, VDOP and TDOP.

GLONASS ГЛОбальная НАвигационная Спутниковая Система

GLObal'naya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (Global Navigation Satellite System)

Defense Forces

GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System

Generic term for a satellitecoverage. The current or planned systems are: GPS, GLONASS, BDS, and Galileo.

GPS Global Positioning System

The U.S. GNSS, a satellite-based positioning system accurate position, velocity, and time data. GPS is operated by the US Department of Defense.

Hot Start A hot start occurs when a receiver begins operation with known time,

command. See Restart.

LCC Leadless Chip Carrier

gold-plated copper that are soldered to the printed circuit board.

LNA Low Noise Amplifier

An electronic amplifier used for very weak signals which is especially designed to add very little noise to the amplified signal.

Local Ephemeris prediction data

memory. It is usually useful for up to three days. See AGPS.

MSAS MTSAT Satellite Augmentation System

The Japanese SBAS system.

MSD Moisture sensitive device.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Glossary and Acronyms

The lowest signal level at which a GNSS receiver is able to reliably

A receiver beginning operation after being sent a restart command,

) that maintains time continuously while

uses a network of ground stations and geostationary

corrections are transmitted on the same frequency as navigation

MTSAT Multifunctional Transport Satellites

The Japanese system of geosynchronous satellites used for weather and aviation control.

Navigation Sensitivity

maintain navigation after the satellite signals have been acquired. NMEA National Marine Electronics Association QZSS Quasi-Zenith Satellite System

The Japanese Regional Navigation Satellite System. Reacquisition A receiver, while in normal operation, loses RF signal (perhaps due to

the antenna cable being disconnected or a vehicle entering a tunnel),

and re-establishes a valid fix after the signal is restored. Contrast with

Reset and Restart. Restart

generally used for testing rather than normal operation. A restart can

also result from a power-up. See Cold Start, Warm Start, and Hot Start.

Contrast with Reset and Reacquisition. Reset A receiver beginning operation after a (hardware) reset signal on a pin,

generally used for testing rather than normal operation. Contrast with

Restart and Reacquisition. RoHS The Restriction of Hazardous Substances

Directive on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances

in electrical and electronic equipment, was adopted in February 2003

by the European Union. RTC Re a l Time Clock

An electronic device (chip

powered up. SAW Surface Acoustic Wave filter

Electromechanical device used in radio frequency applications. SAW

filters are useful at frequencies up to 3 GHz. SBAS Satellite Based Augmentation System

A system that

satellites to provide differential corrections to GNSS receivers. These

signals, so the receiver can use the same front-end design to process

them. Current examples are WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, and GAGAN.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Glossary and Acronyms

provided to the receiver over a network. It is usually useful for up to 14

The lowest signal level at which a GNSS receiver is able to maintain

d by a receiver to achieve a valid position

An integrated circuit (or part thereof) which provides a serial

Server-based Ephemeris prediction data

TCXO Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator Tracking Sensitivity

TTFF Time to First Fix

UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter

WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System

Extended Ephemeris (i.e. predicted) data, calculated by a server and

days. See AGPS.

tracking of a satellite signal after acquisition is complete.

The elapsed time require

solution from a specified starting condition. This value will vary with the

operating state of the receiver, the length o f time since the l ast position

fix, the location of the last fix, and the specific receiver design.

A standard reference level of -130 dBm is used for testing.

communication port for a computer or peripheral device.

The North American SBAS system developed by the US FAA (Federal

Aviation Administration). Warm Start A warm start occurs when a receiver begins operation with known (at

least approximately) time and position, but unknown ephemeris data,

typically after being sent a restart command. See Restart.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Safety Recommendations

17. SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS

READ CAREFULLY

Be sure that the use of this product is allowed in the country and in the environment required. The use of this product may be dangerous and must be avoi ded in the following areas:

• Where it can interfere with other electronic devices in environments such as hospitals, airports, aircraft, etc.

• Where there is risk of explosion such as gasoline stations, oil refineries, etc. It is the responsibility of the user to enforce the country regulations and specific environmental regulations.

Do not disassemble the product. Evidence of tampering will invalidate the warranty.

Telit recommends following the instructions in product user guides for correct installation of the product. The product must be supplied with a stabilized voltage source and all wiring must conform to security and fire prevention regulations. The product must be handled with care, avoiding any contact with the pins because electrostatic discharges may damage the product itself.

The system integrator is responsible for the functioning of the final product; therefore, care must be taken with components external to the module, as well as for any project or installation issue. Should there be any doubt, please refer to the technical documentation and the regulations in force. Non-antenna modules must be equipped with a proper antenna with specific characteristics.

The European Community provides directives for electronic equipment introduced in the market. Relevant information is available on the European Community website:

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/rtte/documents/

The text of the Directive 99/05 regarding telecommunication equipment is available, while the applicable Directives (Low Voltage and EMC) are available at:

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/electrical/

The power supply used shall comply the clause 2.5 (Limited power sources) of the standard EN 60950-1 and shall be mounted on a PCB which complies with V-0 flammability class. Since the module must be built-in to a system, it is intended only for installation in a RES TRICTED

ACCESS LOCATION. Therefore, the system integrator mus t provide an en closure which protects against fire, electrical shock, and mechanical shock in accordance with relevant standards.

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/electrical/

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Safety Recommendations

Electrical and Fire Safety

This device is intended for built-in designs and must be installed by users that have taken adequate precautions and have sufficient knowledge to avoid electrical, mechanical and fire hazards.

The module shall be mounted on a PCB which complies with V-0 flammability class. The device must be supplied with a limited power source that meets clause 2.5 of the EN 60950-

1 standard. These requirements are:

• For power supplies without overcurrent protection device: Short circuit current < 8 A. Apparent power < 100 VA

•

• For power supplies with overcurrent protection device (rated current of overcurrent

device shall be < 5A): Short circuit current < 333 A. Apparent power < 250 VA.

•

• Fur t herm ore, the device must be installed within an enclosure that meets HB class or

pass the 550º glowing fire test of EN 60695-2-11 and mounted on a V1 flammability class material or better.

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SE873 Family Product User Guide Document History

Text updates

Minor text corrections and revisions

Minor text revisions

18. DOCUMENT HISTORY

Revision Date Changes

0 2015-07-13 First issue 1 2015-09-05

2 2016-09-23

3 2018-08-10

Reorganized the text Changed module photo Changed default for Velocity DR to disabled Added NMEA and OSP command information Revised Table 7-1 Default NMEA Output Messages. Revised Table 7-2 NMEA Output Messages. Clarified BOOT pin should be left floating Added Internal LNA information Added Table 4-1 Internal gain / external gain range. Changed description of GPI08 Corrected SYSTEM_ON to ON_OFF in 9.4.4 Corrected active antenna reference design Corrected LNA Noise Figure example Added package description in 2.1 Updated glossary Clarified GLONASS glossary entry

Added product: SE873Q5

Updated photo and product label information Added Galileo support Changed QZSS default to enabled. Added 10 Hz reporting Changed default to Full Power mode. Changed V18 range to 1.71 - 1.89 V Changed MID to control LNA gain from 178,71 to 178,70 Added default I Added eCall and ERA/GLONASS compliance Added EU RED Declarations of Conformance

C addresses

4 2018-08-24

1VV0301216 Rev.4 Page 68 of 69 2018-08-24

Minor text revisions

Telit Wireless Solutions SE873Q5, SE873 Series, SE868-V3 Product User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

NOTICES

PRODUCT APPLICABILITY TABLE

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

Purpose

Contact and Support Information

Related Docum ents and Downloads

Related Documents Requiring a Non-Disclosure Agreement

Text Conventions

2. PROD UCT DES CRIPTI ON

Product Overvi ew

Product Variants

Block Diagram

SE873 Modules Photos

3. SE873 EVALUATON KIT (EVK)

SE873 Evaluation Unit

4. PROD UCT FE ATURES

Multi-Constellation Navigat ion

Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) support

Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS)

SBAS Corrections

SBAS Ranging

Assisted GPS (AGPS) - SiRFInstantFix™

Client-generated Extended Ephemeris (CGEE)

Server-generated Extended Ephemeris (SGEE)

2-D Positioning

Static Navigation

Velocity Dead-Reckoning

Elevation Mask Angle

5 Hz and 10 Hz Navigation

1PPS

Internal LNA

Passive antenna:

Active antenna (or External LNA) with High Gain firmware:

Active antenna (or External LNA) with Low Gain firmware:

Serial I/O Ports

Power Management

Full Power Mode (default)

SmartGNSS

4.14.2.1. SmartGNSS I

4.14.2.2. SmartGNSS II

Trickle Power

Push-to-Fix

SiRFaware

Hibernate

5. PRODUCT PERFORMANCE

Horizontal P osi tion Accuracy

Time to First Fix

Sensitivity

6. MESSAGE INTERFACE

NMEA Output Messa ges

Standard Messages

Proprietary Messages

NMEA Input Commands

Change output sentences and their rates

Change data rate

Switch to OSP protocol

OSP Output Messages

OSP Input Commands

Change output messages

Change data rate

Switch to NMEA protocol and data rate

7. FLASH UPGRAD ABILITY

8. ELECTRICAL INTERFACE

Module Pin-out

DC Characteristics

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Power Supply

1.8 V Supply Voltage

DC Power Requirements

Power Supply Capacitance

DC Power Consumption

ON-OFF (input) and SYSTEM-ON (output)

nReset

When the external reset is released, the module will go through its normal power up sequence provided the V18 supply is within specifications. See section 8.3 Control (input) SIgnals

Boot Select