Telewave 44L1, 44L1P User Manual

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Model 44L1/L1P

BROADBAND RF WATT METER

OPERATION MANUAL

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Telewave, Inc.

Model 44L1/L1P

MODEL 44L1/L1P BROADBAND RF WATTMETER

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

CONTENTS PAGE

1. SPECIFICATIONS 2

2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 3

3. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION 5

4. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Schematic and Parts List 6

Functional Description 7 Accessory List 8

5. OPERATION Unpacking and Connections 9

Power Measurements 10 VSWR Calculations 11 True Power at Load Calculation 11 Directivity and Insertion Error 12

6. MAINTENANCE

Warranty Service and Calibration 13 Parts Location 14 Calibration / Adjustment Procedure 15

7. REFERENCE VSWR Nomograph 17

Jumper Cable Cutting Chart 18

Telewave, Inc. • 660 Giguere Court • San Jose, CA 95133

1-800-331-3396 • 408-929-4400 • www.telewave.com

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Telewave, Inc. Model 44L1/L1P

1 SPECIFICATIONS

1.01 Table 1-1 lists specications for the Telewave Model 44L1/L1P

Broadband RF Wattmeter. These are provided to assist the user in formulating acceptance criteria, determining applications, and for periodic recalibration of the instrument. Minor deviations from these specications which do not affect performance of the Model 44L1/L1P Wattmeter should not be considered a warranty issue.

Table 1-1: Model 44L1/L1P RF Wattmeter Specications

Parameter Characteristics

Frequency Range Accuracy

2 to 200 MHz ± 7 percent of full scale (Specied with N connectors only)

Power Ranges 5, 15, 50, 150 and 500 Watts

Primary Line Impedance

VSWR Insertion Loss

50 Ohms nominal

1.1 maximum

0.1 dB maximum

RF Sample Port (44L1P) -40 dB +/- 2 dB

RF Connectors

Standard Optional

QC - “Quick-Change” type N-Female UHF, BNC, TNC, 7-16 DIN M/F

Dimensions

Height Width Depth Weight

6.625 in. (16.83 cm) 4 in. (10.16 cm)

3.25 in. (8.26 cm) 3 lb. (1.36 kg)

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Telewave, Inc.

Model 44L1/L1P

2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

2.01 This manual provides the physical and functional description and

operating theory necessary for effective use of the Telewave Model 44L1/L1P Broadband Radio Frequency (RF) Wattmeter. Its features include:

• Displays ve power ranges

• Measures 1 to 500 watts

• Does not require inserts

• Does not require band switching

• Fully operable in freezing conditions

• Provides 5 watts full scale range

• Interchangeable connectors (QC)

• Lightweight, rugged and easy to carry

• -40 dB RF sampling port (Model 44L1P)

2.02 The instrument integrates two broadband directional couplers for

measuring incident and reected power, ranging, calibration and display. The wide coverage and dynamic range of this instrument

eliminates any inserts or band switching. A 20 uA taut band me-

ter movement is used to display the measured power, providing the

measurement accuracy necessary to tune low power portable trans-

mitters.

2.03 A convenient, easy to read, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)

chart is provided on the rear of the instrument for determining VSWR from the measured incident and reected power levels. The instrument is designed for rugged eld use and is housed in a diecast metal case with a leather carrying strap. The measurement circuits in the wattmeter are driven directly by the current developed in the coupler, making it unnecessary to supply AC power or batteries. A carrying case (Model TC44) is available as an option. The Model

44L1/L1P is ideally suited for mobile, marine, and aircraft applica-

tions as well as base stations.

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Telewave, Inc. Model 44L1/L1P

Figure 2-1: Model 44L1/L1P

Broadband RF Wattmeter

Controls and Indicators

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Telewave, Inc.

Model 44L1/L1P

3 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

3.01 The controls and indicators of the Model 44L1/L1P Broadband RF

Wattmeter are illustrated in Figure 2-1, and the functions of these elements are described in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1 : Model 44L1/L1P Description

Key Item Description

1 Carry Strap For carrying or hanging the instrument.

2 Identication Label

Contains model and serial number of the instrument.

3 Meter Displays measured power.

4 Sample Port

Connection point for external measure-

ment or signal injection (Model 44L1P).

Connection point for the RF source, such

5 Input Connector

as an RF power amplier or transmitter. Mates with Type N or UHF connector (typical).

Connection for the RF load, such as an an-

6 Output Connector

tenna or dummy load. Mates with Type N or UHF connector (typ.)

(1) OFF – Transit. Provides protection

for meter during instrument

7 Mode Switch

(2) FWD – Displays forward or incident

movement.

power.

(3) REV – Displays the reected power.

8 Power Range Switch Selects one of 5 full scale power ranges.

9 VSWR Chart

Provides a method to calculate VSWR from the measured forward and reected power.

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Telewave, Inc. Model 44L1/L1P

SOURCE

R19

R15

R11

150

R12

500

R16

REVFWD

150

500

Dual Directional Coupler

OFF

R13

R17

R10

R14

R18

R20

Figure 3-1: Model 44L1/L1P RF Wattmeter Schematic

Table 3-2 : Model 44L1/L1P Parts List

REF DESCRIPTION MFG MFG P/N

M1 MP1 MP2 MP6 MP8 MP9 QC QC QC QC QC R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 S1, 2

METER: 20 UA KNOB SCREW: BUMPER 6-32 STRAP: LEATHER SCREW: TRUSS HEAD 10-52 SHOCK RING: EDM N FEMALE CONNECTOR UHF FEMALE CONNECTOR BNC FEMALE CONNECTOR TNC FEMALE CONNECTOR 7-16 DIN FEMALE CONNECTOR RESISTOR: VAR CC 0.25W 10% 50K OHM RESISTOR: VAR CC 0.25W 10% 50K O H M RESISTOR: VAR CC 0.25W 10% 50K OHM RESISTOR: FXD CC 0 . 5 0 W 5% 7.5K OHM RESISTOR: FXD CC 0 . 5 0 W 5% 7.5K OHM RESISTOR: VAR CC 0.25W 10% 50K OHM RESISTOR: VAR CC 0.25W 10% 50K OHM RESISTOR: FXD CC 0 . 5 0 W 5% 62K OHM RESISTOR: FXD CC 0 . 5 0 W 5% 62K OHM RESISTOR: VAR CC 0.25W 10% 50K OHM RESISTOR: VAR CC 0.25W 10% 100K OHM RESISTOR: FXD CC 0 . 5 0 W 5% 130K OHM RESISTOR: FXD CC 0 . 5 0 W 5% 130K OHM RESISTOR: VAR CC 0.25W 10% 100K OHM RESISTOR: VAR CC 0.25W 10% 100K OHM RESISTOR: FXD CC 0 . 5 0 W 5% 300K OHM RESISTOR: FXD CC 0 . 5 0 W 5% 300K OHM RESISTOR: VAR CC 0.25W 10% 100K OHM RESISTOR: FXD CC 0 .25W 5% 51 OHM RESISTOR: FXD CC 0 .25W 5% 51 OHM SWITCH: ROTARY 2 POLE 5 POS

TRIPLETT RAYTHEON TELEWAVE TELEWAVE ICO-RALLY TELEWAVE TELEWAVE TELEWAVE TELEWAVE TELEWAVE TELEWAVE

ELECTROSWITCH

LOAD

7034 MS-91528-1P2B TB44 HH44 SCR-813 7099 QC44N QC44S QC44B QC44T QC44D

D3G0205N-4096

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Telewave, Inc.

Model 44L1/L1P

4 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

4.01 The Model 44L1/L1P Wattmeter is made up of two major sections.

Refer to the schematic diagram in Figure 3-1 for this description.

(a) A Dual RF Directional Coupler with directivity of greater than

25 dB.

(b) A voltmeter circuit. Five ranges are provided.

4.02 The 50 ohm Dual Directional Coupler A1 samples a small amount

of the incident or forward RF power delivered to the load. The cou-

pler incorporates two RF detectors which produce a DC voltage proportional to the sampled RF power. A small amount of power reected from the load is also sampled.

4.03 Mode Switch S1 determines which of these voltages is displayed on

the meter, M1. The RF Power Range Switch S2, selects the appro-

priate range and calibration resistors for the power to be measured. Each range is provided with an adjustable internal potentiometer for range calibration.

4.04 Meter M1 displays ve scales which correspond to the RF Power

Range Switch positions. The lower third of the meter scale is shaded red, alerting the user to switch to a lower power range for improved accuracy. An OFF position is provided on Mode Switch S1, which shunts out the meter movement. This provides protection for the sensitive meter when the instrument is being transported.

4.05 Model 44L1P provides an RF sampling port with an output of -40

dB (+/- 2 dB) below the transitional line level to use for measurement of frequency, spectrum analysis, to inject a signal for measure-

ment of receiver sensitivity, or other applications. The port coupling is not directional; in a high VSWR system, the sampling port output

will be -40 dB below the total power passing through the instru-

ment.

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Telewave, Inc. Model 44L1/L1P

Optional Accessories

4.06 The table below lists the most common accessories for the Model

44L1/L1P Wattmeter. Consult the current price list or our website for current pricing.

Part Number Description

TC44 Leather carry case with accessory pouch

TWL-35 Coaxial Dry Load - 35 watts

TWL-50 Coaxial Dry Load - 50 watts

TWL-60 Coaxial Dry Load - 60 watts

TWL-75 Coaxial Dry Load - 75 watts

TWL-100 Coaxial Dry Load - 100 watts

TWL-150 Coaxial Dry Bench Load - 150 watts

TWL-300 Coaxial Dry Bench Load - 300 watts

QC44B Quick Change BNC-female connector

QC44D Quick Change 7-16 DIN-female connector

QC44N Quick Change N-female connector

QC44S Quick Change UHF-female connector

QC44T Quick Change TNC-female connector

ANTA-02-5 Jumper - RG-213/U, 5 ft., N-Male

ANTD-03-5 Jumper - RG-142B/U, 5 ft., N-Male

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Figure 4-1: Optional TC44 Carrying Case and RF Loads

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Telewave, Inc.

Model 44L1/L1P

5 OPERATION

Unpacking

5.01 After the Model 44L1/L1P Wattmeter arrives, examine the ship-

ping container for visible loss or damage. Carefully unpack the wattmeter and examine the exterior for damage.

IMPORTANT

The Model 44L1/L1P Wattmeter is carefully tested, inspected, and packed before leaving the Telewave factory. Claims for loss or damage sustained in transit should be made upon the carrier, NOT TO Telewave, Inc., as follows:

(1) Visible Loss or Damage - Any evidence must be noted on

the freight bill or express delivery sheet. The form required

to le such a claim will be supplied by the carrier.

(2) Concealed Loss or Damage - This damage does not be-

come evident until after the wattmeter is unpacked. When the damage is discovered, make a written request for in-

spection by the carrier’s agent within fteen (15) days of

the delivery date. File a claim with the carrier.

RF Connections

5.02 The following procedure will assist the user in preparation for

making an RF power measurement. Refer to Figure 2-1.

Step Procedure

1 Remove the RF power from the transmission line.

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Telewave, Inc. Model 44L1/L1P

Step Procedure

2 Set the RF Range Switch to the 500 Watt position.

3 Connect the RF Source to the Model 44L1/L1P FWD input

connector, located on the left side of the instrument nearest the mode switch.

4 Connect the RF Load to the Model 44L1/L1P FWD output

connector, located on the right side of the instrument nearest the range switch.

Forward Power Measurement

5.03 The following procedure will assist the user in making an incident

or forward power measurement. Refer to Figure 2-1.

Step Procedure

1 Set the Mode Switch to the FWD position. 2 Apply RF power to the transmission line.

3 Move the RF Range Switch to a lower range if necessary to

obtain a reading in the upper third of the scale.

4 Note the meter reading.

Reected Power Measurement

5.04 The following procedure will assist the user in making a reected

or reverse power measurement.

Step Procedure

1 Set the Mode Switch to the REV position. 2 Repeat Step 2 of 5.03.

3 Repeat Step 3 of 5.03.

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Telewave, Inc.

Model 44L1/L1P

VSWR Calculation

5.05 The following procedure will assist the user in determining the

Voltage Standing Wave Ratio.

Step Procedure

1 Perform the procedures outlined in 5.03 and 5.04. Record the

true incident and reected power.

2. Refer to the VSWR Chart on the rear of the instrument or Figure 7-1. Apply the readings from Step 1 to the chart.

3. The VSWR is read from the nearest sloping line. For higher accuracy, calculate the VSWR by the formula:

(Watts)

1 +

REV FWD

(Watts)

VSWR =

(Watts)

1 -

REV FWD

(Watts)

True Power at Load Calculations

5.06 The following procedure will assist the user in determining the

actual power delivered to the load.

Step Procedure

1 Perform the procedures outlined in 5.03 and 5.04. Record the

true incident and reected power.

2 Subtract the reected power from the incident power.

This difference is the true power at the load.

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Telewave, Inc. Model 44L1/L1P

Directivity Error

5.07 Directivity error results from the effect of imperfect directivity in the

Dual Directional Coupler. Directivity is the ability of the coupler to sense power owing in one direction and be insensitive to any power which may be owing in the reverse direction. The directivity error is included within the specied instrument accuracy.

Insertion Error

5.08 When the RF load and RF source are well matched, any error con-

tributed by inserting the Model 44L1/L1P Wattmeter alone is negli-

gible. However, the use of a jumper cable to connect the wattmeter in the system will change the characteristic impedance of the line, especially in a system with high VSWR. Since the impedance on either side of 1/2 wavelength is identical, the jumper cable added to

the input or output of the Model 44L1/L1P should be of an appro-

priate length to equal 1/2 wavelength at the frequency of operation, thus eliminating any error due to the additional length.

5.09 The chart shown in Figure 7-2 shows the required length (including

connectors) of RG-213/U cable to act as a 1/2 wave line section at frequencies from 25-200 MHz.

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Telewave, Inc.

Model 44L1/L1P

6 MAINTENANCE

6.01 The Model 44L1/L1P Wattmeter is designed with high reliability

components and operates on low DC power levels. It can be expected to operate at peak performance for long intervals. Periodic cali-

bration by Telewave or an RF standard laboratory is recommended to maintain peak instrument performance.

Warranty Service

6.02 The Model 44L1/L1P Wattmeter is covered under Telewave’s stan-

dard 1 year warranty. See the inside back cover for exact terms. Faulty units should be returned to:

Telewave, Inc.

ATTN: Repairs

660 Giguere Court

San Jose, CA 95133

1-800-331-3396 / +1 408-929-4400

6.03 A Return Material Authorization (RMA) is required when prod-

ucts are returned to Telewave. The following information will be requested in order to assign an RMA:

• The Model 44L1/L1P serial number. The ID plate is located on the top of the instrument. Include the date of purchase and Purchase Order number if known.

• A brief statement of the problem.

• Contact name, telephone number, and return shipping address.

Calibration

6.04 Adjustments to the instrument should be performed by Telewave,

or other RF calibration laboratory. Calibration or adjustment should be made at a frequency of 100 MHz when possible. The adjustment

potentiometers are located on the main PC board inside the instru-

ment. Refer to Figure 3-1 and 6-1.

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Telewave, Inc. Model 44L1/L1P

R18 R2 R1 R15

R6 R3

R14 R11R10 R7

R20 R19R13

R17

R4 R12

Figure 6-1: Adjustment Potentiometers and Parts Location

REVERSE RANGES R2 5 watt range R6 15 watt range R10 50 watt range R14 150 watt range R18 500 watt range

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FORWARD RANGES R1 5 watt range R3 15 watt range R7 50 watt range R11 150 watt range R15 500 watt range

R16

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Telewave, Inc.

Model 44L1/L1P

Variable

RF Power

Source

Low

Pass

► ► ►►

Filter

Model 44L1

Under

Calibration

In-Line

Calibrated

Attenuator

Figure 6-2: Calibration / Adjustment Equipment Setup

6.05 Calibration / Adjustment Requirements and Equipment

a) The ambient temperature during calibration must be 72.4 degrees.

b) The Telewave meter must be calibrated in the intended operating position, either vertical or horizontal. Meters are calibrated by Telewave in the vertical position

c) The Telewave wattmeter and any interconnections must use only Type N connectors.

d) An RF power source capable of producing at least 325 watts continuous power at 100 Mhz.

e) A low pass lter capable of handling at least the maximum continuous power used during calibration must be installed between the RF source and the Telewave meter.

Power

Sensor

f) A calibrated digital power meter and remote sensor, with accuracy of +/- 0.5% or better, traceable to NIST. Insertion loss of all test equipment must be characterized.

g) A 50 ohm inline attenuator capable of handling the maximum continuous power that will be used during calibration.

Caution: Do not drive the meter beyond full scale, and do not apply more than 500 watts input power at any time.

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Telewave, Inc. Model 44L1/L1P

6.06

Remove the four bumper screws from the rear panel. Remove

the rear panel. Figure 6-1 illustrates the adjustment locations.

Refer to Figure 6-2, Equipment Setup. Perform the calibration / adjustment for Forward and Reverse direction as follows:

6.07 Forward Mode Adjustment

Step Procedure

1a Set the RF source to 100 MHz. 1b Set the wattmeter Mode Switch to FWD position. 1c Set the wattmeter RF Range Switch to the 5 watt range.

1d Set the RF source to 4 watts output.

1e Adjust R1 until the Telewave wattmeter reads 4 watts. 2a Set the wattmeter RF Range Switch to the 15 watt scale.

2b Set the RF source to produce 11 watts output. 2c Adjust R3 until the Telewave wattmeter reads 11 watts.

3a Set the wattmeter RF Range Switch to the 50 watt scale.

3b Set the RF source to produce 35 watts output.

3c Adjust R7 until the Telewave wattmeter reads 35 watts.

4a Set the wattmeter RF Range Switch to the 150 watt scale.

4b Set the RF source to produce 105 watts output.

4c Adjust R11 until the Telewave wattmeter reads 105 watts.

5a Set the wattmeter RF Range Switch to the 500 watt scale. 5b Set the RF source to produce 325 watts output. 5c Adjust R15 until the Telewave wattmeter reads 325 watts.

Reverse Mode Adjustment

6.08

6a Disable the RF source output

6b Set the wattmeter Mode Switch to REV position.

6c Reverse the wattmeter RF connections in the RF line.

6d Repeat Steps 1c through 5c for the 5, 15, 50, 150 and 500 watt

ranges, using adjustment points R2, R6, R10, R14, and R18.

6e Reinstall the rear panel and bumper screws.

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Telewave, Inc.

Model 44L1/L1P

7 REFERENCE

7.01 Part 7 contains additional data for the Model 44L1/L1P RF Watt-

meter which is helpful in making low frequency and VSWR mea-

surements.

7.02 Figure 7-1 (below) shows a nomograph for estimating VSWR

from the measured incident and reected power. See 5.05 for cal-

culation procedures.

100

0.5

0.2

E F

L E C T E D

P O

E R

A T T S

)

REV

VSWR

CHART

10.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.75

1.60

1.50

1.40

1.30

1.25

1.20

1.15

1.12

1.10

FORWARD POWER - WATTS (P

FWD

Figure 7-1: VSWR Chart

0.1

500200100502010521

)

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Telewave, Inc. Model 44L1/L1P

7.03 Figure 7-2 shows a chart for a jumper cable to be used inline with

the Model 44L1/L1P Wattmeter to minimize potential measure-

ment errors in systems with high VSWR. The chart shows lengths for a 50-ohm, RG-213 jumper cable, including N connectors, using a velocity factor of 0.66 for the cable and connectors. The

jumper cable and wattmeter together should equal as close to 1/2

wavelength equivalent as possible, at the test frequency.

MHZ INCHES 25 = 153.23 30 = 127.25 35 = 108.69 40 = 94.78 45 = 83.95 50 = 75.29 55 = 68.21 60 = 62.30 65 = 57.31 70 = 53.03 75 = 49.32 80 = 46.07 85 = 43.20 90 = 40.66 95 = 38.38 100 = 36.33 105 = 34.47 110 = 32.78

MHZ INCHES 115 = 31.24 120 = 29.83 125 = 28.53 130 = 27.33 135 = 26.22 140 = 25.19 145 = 24.23 150 = 23.34 155 = 22.50 160 = 21.71 165 = 20.98 170 = 20.28 175 = 19.63 180 = 19.01 185 = 18.42 190 = 17.87 195 = 17.34 200 = 16.84

Figure 7-2: RG-213 Jumper Cable with N-Male Connectors

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PRODUCT WARRANTY

Products sold by Telewave, Inc. and covered by this Warranty are warranted to be free from defects in material and work man ship at the time of and for a period of one (1) year after delivery to the Buyer. Seller’s entire warranty obligation is limited to making adjustments by repair, replacement, or refunding the purchase price of any product which is returned to the Seller as provided below within one (1) year from the date of shipment by the Seller. In no event shall Seller be liable for direct, special, or consequential damages for breach of warranty.

Adjustment will not be allowed for products which have been damaged by lightning, subjected to abuse, im prop er application or installation, alteration or accident, or negligence in use, storage, trans por ta tion or han dling. Alteration or removal of the serial number or identiﬁ cation markings voids the Warranty. Seller shall have the right of ﬁ nal determination as to the existence and cause of a defect, whether adjustment will be allowed, and if allowed, whether adjustment will be by repair, replacement, or refund. Where adjustment is not allowed, a charge of 5% of the original purchase price will be made to the Buyer to cover the Seller’s cost of inspection and handling.

Shipping and packaging instructions must be obtained from the Seller before products are returned for ad just ment. The Buyer will pay for packing, transportation, and transit insurance costs for returned products. The Seller reserves the right to dis con tin ue models at any time or change spec i ﬁ ca tions, design, or price without notice and without incurring any obligation. Products will be returned to the Buyer with trans por ta tion cost collect.

Subject to the provisions of its “Patent Indemnity” clause, the Seller also warrants that it has the right to sell its products, that the Buyer shall have and enjoy quite possession thereof as against any lawful claims existing at the time of the sale by the Seller, and that said products are free from any charge of encumbrance in favor of third persons existing at the time of sale by the Seller.

The foregoing constitutes the Seller’s entire warranty, express, implied or statutory with respect to its products and states the full extent of its liability for breach of Warranty and for damages, whether direct, special or consequential resulting form any such breach. No change what so ev er thereto shall be binding upon the seller unless made in writing and signed by a duly authorized representative of the Seller.

TELEWAVE, INC.

660 Giguere Court

San Jose, CA 95133 USA

1-800-331-3396

+1 408-929-4400