Teletronics EZStation2 User Manual

EZStation2

User Manual

Rev. A

2.4GHz 400mW 802.11b/g Radio
with 15dBi Patch Antenna

Disclaimers

No part of this documentation may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as
translation, transformation or adaptation) without written permission from the copyright owner.

All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Statement of Conditions

We may make improvements or changes in the product described in this documentation at any time. The information
regarding the product in this manual is subject to change without notice.

We assume no responsibility for errors contained herein or for direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages
with the furnishing, performance or use of this manual or equipment supplied with it, even if the suppliers have been advised
about the possibility of such damages.

Electronic Emission Notices

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

(1)This device may not cause harmful interference.

(2)This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

FCC INFORMATION

The Federal Communication Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement includes the following paragraph:

The equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B Digital Device, pursuant to part 15 of the
FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This equipment usage generates radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communication. However, there is no grantee that interference will not
occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can
be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of
the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

The equipment is for home or office use.

IMPORTANT NOTE

FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement: This equipment complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an
uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20cm between the
antenna and your body and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.

Caution: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could
void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

Before Start to Configure

The WLAN Broadband Router is delivered with the following factory
default parameters on the Ethernet LAN interfaces.

Default IP Address: 192.168.1.254
Default IP subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
WEB login User Name: <empty>
WEB login Password: <empty>

The device has three operation modes (Gateway/Bridge/WISP).
The default IP addresses for the device are 192.168.1.254, so you
need to make sure the IP address of your PC is in the same subnet as
the device, such as 192.168.1.X.

It will take about 55 seconds to complete the boot up sequence
after power on.

Prepare your PC to configure the WLAN Broadband Router

For OS of Microsoft Windows 95/ 98/ Me:

1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The

Control Panel window will appear.

Note: Windows Me users may not see the Network control panel. If so,

select View all Control Panel options on the left side of the window

2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network icon. The

Network window will appear.

3. Check the installed list of Network Components. If TCP/IP is not installed,

click the Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6.

4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add

button.

5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then

click OK button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft
Windows CD to complete the installation. Close and go back to Network
dialog box after the TCP/IP installation.

6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.

7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.

 IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to

192.168.1.253 is good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.

 IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

8. Click OK and reboot your PC after completes the IP parameters setting.

For OS of Microsoft Windows 2000, XP:

1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The

Control Panel window will appear.

2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network and Dial-up

Connections icon. Move mouse and double-click the Local Area
Connection icon. The Local Area Connection window will appear. Click
Properties button in the Local Area Connection window.

3. Check the installed list of Network Components. If TCP/IP is not installed,

click the Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6.

4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add

button.

5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then

click OK button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft
Windows CD to complete the installation. Close and go back to Network
dialog box after the TCP/IP installation.

6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.

7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.

 IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to

192.168.1.253 is good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.

 IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

8. Click OK to completes the IP parameters setting.

For OS of Microsoft Windows NT:

1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The

Control Panel window will appear.

2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network icon. The

Network window will appear. Click Protocol tab from the Network window.

3. Check the installed list of Network Protocol window. If TCP/IP is not

installed, click the Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6.

4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add

button.

5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then

click OK button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft
Windows CD to complete the installation. Close and go back to Network
dialog box after the TCP/IP installation.

6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.

7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.

 IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to

192.168.1.253 is good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.

 IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

8. Click OK to complete the IP parameters setting.

This page shows the current status and some basic settings of the device,
includes system, wireless, Ethernet LAN and WAN configuration
information.

Item Description

System

Uptime It shows the duration since WLAN Broadband

Router is powered on.

It shows the IP subnet mask of WAN interface of

Firmware version It shows the firmware version of WLAN

Broadband Router.

Wireless configuration

Mode It shows wireless operation mode
Band It shows the current wireless operating

frequency.
SSID It shows the SSID of this WLAN Broadband

Router.

The SSID is the unique name of WLAN

Broadband Router and shared among its service

area, so all devices attempts to join the same

wireless network can identify it.
Channel Number It shows the wireless channel connected

currently.
Encryption It shows the status of encryption function.
BSSID It shows the BSSID address of the WLAN

Broadband Router. BSSID is a six-byte address.
Associated Clients It shows the number of connected clients (or

stations, PCs).

TCP/IP configuration

Attain IP Protocol It shows type of connection.
IP Address It shows the IP address of LAN interfaces of

WLAN Broadband Router.
Subnet Mask It shows the IP subnet mask of LAN interfaces

of WLAN Broadband Router.
Default Gateway It shows the default gateway setting for LAN

interfaces outgoing data packets.
DHCP Server It shows the DHCP server is enabled or not.
MAC Address It shows the MAC address of LAN interfaces of

WLAN Broadband Router.

WAN configuration

Attain IP Protocol It shows how the WLAN Broadband Router gets

the IP address. The IP address can be set

manually to a fixed one or set dynamically by

DHCP server or attain IP by PPPoE / PPTP

connection.
IP Address It shows the IP address of WAN interface of

WLAN Broadband Router.
Subnet Mask

WLAN Broadband Router.
Default Gateway It shows the default gateway setting for WAN

interface outgoing data packets.
DNS1/DNS2/DNS3 It shows the DNS server information.
MAC Address It shows the MAC address of WAN interface of

WLAN Broadband Router.

Setup Wizard

This page guides you to configure wireless broadband router for first time

Operation Mode

This page followed by Setup Wizard page to define the operation mode.

Time Zone Setting

This page is used to enable and configure NTP client

LAN Interface Setup

This page is used to configure local area network IP address and subnet mask

WAN Interface Setup

This page is used to configure WAN access type

Wireless Basic Settings

This page is used to configure basic wireless parameters like Band, Mode, Network Type
SSID, Channel Number, Enable Mac Clone(Single Ethernet Client)

Wireless Security Setup

This page is used to configure wireless security

Operation Mode

This page is used to configure which mode wireless broadband router acts

button to abort change and recover

Item Description

Gateway Traditional gateway configuration. It always

connects internet via ADSL/Cable Modem. LAN
interface, WAN interface, Wireless interface, NAT
and Firewall modules are applied to this mode

Bridge Each interface (LAN, WAN and Wireless) regards

as bridge. NAT, Firewall and all router’s functions
are not supported

Wireless ISP Switch Wireless interface to WAN port and all

Ethernet ports in bridge mode. Wireless interface
can do all router’s functions

Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the

new configuration setting.

Reset Click the Reset

the previous configuration setting.

Wireless - Basic Settings

This page is used to configure the parameters for wireless LAN clients that may connect
to your Broadband Router. Here you may change wireless encryption settings as well as
wireless network parameters.

button to abort change and recover

Item Description

Disable Wireless
LAN Interface
Band Click to select 2.4GHz(B) / 2.4GHz(G) /

Mode Click to select the WLAN AP / Client / WDS /

Site Survey The Site Survey button provides tool to scan the

SSID It is the wireless network name. The SSID can be

Channel Number Select the wireless communication channel from

Associated Clients Click the Show Active Clients button to open

Enable Mac Clone
(Single Ethernet
Client)
Enable Universal
Repeater Mode
SSID of Extended
Interface
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the

Reset Click the Reset

Click on to disable the wireless LAN data
transmission.

2.4GHz(B+G)

AP+WDS wireless mode.

wireless network. If any Access Point or IBSS is
found, you could choose to connect it manually
when client mode is enabled. Refer to 3.3.9 Site
Survey.

32 bytes long.

pull-down menu.

Active Wireless Client Table that shows the MAC
address, transmit-packet, receive-packet and
transmission-rate for each associated wireless
client.
Take Laptop NIC MAC address as wireless client
MAC address. [Client Mode only]

Click to enable Universal Repeater Mode

Assign SSID when enables Universal Repeater
Mode.

new configuration setting.

the previous configuration setting.

Wireless - Advanced Settings

These settings are only for more technically advanced users who have a sufficient
knowledge about wireless LAN. These settings should not be changed unless you know
what effect the changes will have on your WLAN Broadband Router.

Set the data packet fragmentation threshold, value

Item Description

Authentication Type Click to select the authentication type in Open

System, Shared Key or Auto selection.

Fragment Threshold

can be written between 256 and 2346 bytes.

RTS Threshold Set the RTS Threshold, value can be written

between 0 and 2347 bytes.

Beacon Interval Set the Beacon Interval, value can be written

between 20 and 1024 ms.

Data Rate Select the transmission data rate from pull-down

menu. Data rate can be auto-select, 11M, 5.5M,
2M or 1Mbps.

Preamble Type Click to select the Long Preamble or Short

Preamble support on the wireless data packet
transmission.

Broadcast SSID Click to enable or disable the SSID broadcast

function.

IAPP Click to enable or disable the IAPP function.

802.11g Protection Protect 802.11b user.
RF Output Power To adjust transmission power level.
Turbo Mode Click to Enable/Disable turbo mode.(Only apply

to WLAN IC of Realtek).

Block Relay Between
Clients
WMM Click Enabled/Disabled to init WMM feature.
ACK Timeout Set ACK timeout value. It shows current time in

Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the

Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

Click Enabled/Disabled to decide if blocking
relay packets between clients.

the end.

new configuration setting.

recover the previous configuration setting.

Wireless - Security Setup

This page allows you setup the wireless security. Turn on WEP, WPA, WPA2 by using
encryption keys could prevent any unauthorized access to your wireless network.

Item Description

Encryption Select the encryption supported over wireless

Use 802.1x
Authentication

WPA Authentication
Mode

Pre-Shared Key
Format

Pre-Shared Key Fill in the key value. [WPA, Personal(Pre-Shared

Enable
Pre-Authentication
Authentication
RADIUS Server
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the

Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

WEP Key Setup

access. The encryption method can be None,
WEP, WPA(TKIP), WPA2 or WPA2 Mixed
While Encryption is selected to be WEP.
Click the check box to enable IEEE 802.1x
authentication function.
While Encryption is selected to be WPA.
Click to select the WPA Authentication Mode
with Enterprise (RADIUS) or Personal
(Pre-Shared Key).
While Encryption is selected to be WPA.
Select the Pre-shared key format from the
pull-down menu. The format can be Passphrase
or Hex (64 characters). [WPA,
Personal(Pre-Shared Key) only]

Key) only]
Click to enable Pre-Authentication.
[WPA2/WPA2 Mixed only, Enterprise only]
Set the IP address, port and login password
information of authentication RADIUS sever.

new configuration setting.

recover the previous configuration setting.

Item Description

ASCII

HEX

Key Length Select the WEP shared secret key length from

pull-down menu. The length can be chose
between 64-bit and 128-bit (known as “WEP2”)
keys.
The WEP key is composed of initialization vector
(24 bits) and secret key (40-bit or 104-bit).

Key Format Select the WEP shared secret key format from

pull-down menu. The format can be chose
between plant text (ASCII) and hexadecimal
(HEX) code.

Default Tx Key Set the default secret key for WEP security

function.

Value can be chose between 1 and 4.
Encryption Key 1 Secret key 1 of WEP security encryption function.
Encryption Key 2 Secret key 2 of WEP security encryption function.
Encryption Key 3 Secret key 3 of WEP security encryption function.
Encryption Key 4 Secret key 4 of WEP security encryption function.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the

new configuration setting.
Close Click to close this WEP Key setup window.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

recover the previous configuration setting.

WEP encryption key (secret key) length:

Length

Format

64-bit 128-bit

5 characters 13 characters

10 hexadecimal codes

26 hexadecimal codes

Wireless - Access Control

If you enable wireless access control, only those clients whose wireless MAC addresses
are in the access control list will be able to connect to your Access Point. When this
option is enabled, no wireless clients will be able to connect if the list contains no entries.

button to abort change and recover

access right removed from this WLAN Broadband

button to abort change and recover

Item Description

Wireless Access
Control Mode

Click the Disabled, Allow Listed or Deny Listed
of drop down menu choose wireless access
control mode.
This is a security control function; only those
clients registered in the access control list can link
to this WLAN Broadband Router.

MAC Address Fill in the MAC address of client to register this

WLAN Broadband Router access capability.

Comment Fill in the comment tag for the registered client.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the

client to new configuration setting.

Reset Click the Reset

the previous configuration setting.
Current Access
Control List

It shows the registered clients that are allowed to

link to this WLAN Broadband Router.
Delete Selected Click to delete the selected clients that will be

Router.
Delete All Click to delete all the registered clients from the

access allowed list.
Reset Click the Reset

the previous configuration setting.

WDS Settings

able wireless distribution

button to abort change and recover

button to abort change and recover

Wireless Distribution System uses wireless media to communicate with other APs, like
the Ethernet does. To do this, you must set these APs in the same channel and set MAC
address of other AP that you want to communicate with in the table and then enable the
WDS.

Item Description

Enable WDS Click the check box to en

system.

MAC Address Fill in the MAC address of AP to register the

wireless distribution system access capability.

Comment Fill in the comment tag for the registered AP.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the AP

to new configuration setting.

Reset Click the Reset

the previous configuration setting.

Set Security Click button to configure wireless security like

WEP(64bits), WEP(128bits), WPA(TKIP),
WPA2(AES) or None

Show Statistics It shows the TX, RX packets, rate statistics
Delete Selected Click to delete the selected clients that will be

removed from the wireless distribution system.

Delete All Click to delete all the registered APs from the

wireless distribution system allowed list.

Reset Click the Reset

the previous configuration setting.

WDS Security Setup

Requirement: Set [Wireless]->[Basic
Settings]->[Mode]->AP+WDS

This page is used to configure the wireless security between APs.

WDS AP Table

This page is used to show WDS statistics

sent packets on

Item Description

MAC Address It shows the MAC Address within WDS.
Tx Packets It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the

wireless LAN interface.

Tx Errors It shows the statistic count of error

the Wireless LAN interface.

Rx Packets It shows the statistic count of received packets on

the wireless LAN interface.
Tx Rare (Mbps) It shows the wireless link rate within WDS.
Refresh Click to refresh the statistic counters on the

screen.
Close Click to close the current window.

Site Survey

This page is used to view or configure other APs near yours.

Item Description

SSID It shows the SSID of AP.
BSSID It shows BSSID of AP.
Channel It show the current channel of AP occupied.
Type It show which type AP acts.
Encrypt It shows the encryption status.
Signal It shows the power level of current AP.
Select Click to select AP or client you’d like to connect.

Refresh Click the Refresh button to re-scan site survey on

ge of IP addresses; client with DHCP

the screen.
Connect Click the Connect button to establish connection.

LAN Interface Setup

This page is used to configure the parameters for local area network that connects to the
LAN ports of your WLAN Broadband Router. Here you may change the setting for IP
address, subnet mask, DHCP, etc.

Item Description

IP Address Fill in the IP address of LAN interfaces of this

WLAN Access Point.
Subnet Mask Fill in the subnet mask of LAN interfaces of this

WLAN Access Point.
Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for LAN interfaces out

going data packets.
DHCP Click to select Disabled, Client or Server in

different operation mode of wireless Access Point.
DHCP Client Range Fill in the start IP address and end IP address to

allocate a ran

function set will be assigned an IP address from

the range.
Show Client Click to open the Active DHCP Client Table

window that shows the active clients with their

assigned IP address, MAC address and time

button to abort change and recover

expired information. [Server mode only]
DNS Server Manual setup DNS server IP address.
Domain Name Assign Domain Name and dispatch to DHCP

clients. It is optional field.

802.1d Spanning
Tree
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address

Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the

Reset Click the Reset

Select to enable or disable the IEEE 802.1d

Spanning Tree function from pull-down menu.

to be cloned.

new configuration setting.

the previous configuration setting.

WAN Interface Setup

This page is used to configure the parameters for wide area network that connects to the
WAN port of your WLAN Broadband Router. Here you may change the access method to
Static IP, DHCP, PPPoE or PPTP by click the item value of WAN Access Type.

Static IP

Item Description

Static IP Click to select Static IP support on WAN

interface. There are IP address, subnet mask and
default gateway settings need to be done.

IP Address If you select the Static IP support on WAN

interface, fill in the IP address for it.

Subnet Mask If you select the Static IP support on WAN

interface, fill in the subnet mask for it.

Default Gateway If you select the Static IP support on WAN

interface, fill in the default gateway for WAN
interface out going data packets.

MTU Size Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default

value is 1400
DNS 1 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.
DNS 2 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.
DNS 3 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 3.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address

to be cloned.
Enable uPNP Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.
Enable Web Server
Access on WAN
Enable WAN Echo
Reply
Enable IPsec pass
through on VPN

Click the checkbox to enable web configuration

from WAN side.

Click the checkbox to enable WAN ICMP

response.

Click the checkbox to enable IPSec packet pass

through
connection
Enable PPTP pass
through on VPN

Click the checkbox to enable PPTP packet pass

through
connection
Enable L2TP pass
through on VPN

Click the checkbox to enable L2TP packet pass

through
connection
Set TTL value Click to Enable and set Time to Live value.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the

new configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

recover the previous configuration setting.

DHCP Client

Item Description

DHCP Client Click to select DHCP support on WAN interface

for IP address assigned automatically from a
DHCP server.

Host Name Fill in the host name of Host Name. The default

value is empty

MTU Size Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default

value is 1400
Attain DNS
Automatically

Set DNS Manually Click to select getting DNS address for DHCP

DNS 1 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.
DNS 2 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.
DNS 3 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 3.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address

Enable uPNP Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.

Click to select getting DNS address for DHCP

support. Please select Set DNS Manually if the

DHCP support is selected.

support.

to be cloned.

PPPoE

Refer to 4.22 What is Universal Plug and Play

(uPNP)?
Enable Web Server
Access on WAN
Enable WAN Echo
Reply
Set TTL value Click to Enable and set Time to Live value.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the

Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

Click the checkbox to enable web configuration

from WAN side.

Click the checkbox to enable WAN ICMP

response.

new configuration setting.

recover the previous configuration setting.

Item Description

PPPoE Click to select PPPoE support on WAN interface.

There are user name, password, connection type

and idle time settings need to be done.
User Name If you select the PPPoE support on WAN

interface, fill in the user name and password to

login the PPPoE server.
Password If you select the PPPoE support on WAN

interface, fill in the user name and password to

login the PPPoE server.
Service Name Fill in the service name of Service Name. The

default value is empty.
Connection Type Select the connection type from pull-down menu.

There are Continuous, Connect on Demand and

Manual three types to select.

Continuous connection type means to setup the

connection through PPPoE protocol whenever

this WLAN Broadband Router is powered on.

Connect on Demand connection type means to

setup the connection through PPPoE protocol

whenever you send the data packets out through

the WAN interface; there are a watchdog

implemented to close the PPPoE connection

while there are no data sent out longer than the

idle time set.

Manual connection type means to setup the

connection through the PPPoE protocol by

clicking the Connect button manually, and

clicking the Disconnect button manually.
Idle Time If you select the PPPoE and Connect on

Demand connection type, fill in the idle time for

auto-disconnect function. Value can be between 1

and 1000 minutes.
MTU Size Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default

value is 1400.
Attain DNS
Automatically

Click to select getting DNS address for PPPoE

support. Please select Set DNS Manually if the

PPPoE support is selected.
Set DNS Manually Click to select getting DNS address for Static IP

support.
DNS 1 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.
DNS 2 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.
DNS 3 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 3.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address

to be cloned.

PPTP

Enable uPNP Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.
Enable Web Server
Access on WAN
Enable WAN Echo
Reply
Set TTL value Click to Enable and set Time to Live value.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the

Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

Click the checkbox to enable web configuration

from WAN side.

Click the checkbox to enable WAN ICMP

response.

new configuration setting.

recover the previous configuration setting.

Item Description

directly to secure the data transmission among the

PPTP Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site

connection. User can use embedded PPTP client

supported by this router to make a VPN

connection.
IP Address If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface,

fill in the IP address for it.
Subnet Mask If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface,

fill in the subnet mask for it.
Server IP Address Enter the IP address of the PPTP Server.
User Name If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface,

fill in the user name and password to login the

PPTP server.
Password f you select the PPTP support on WAN interface,

fill in the user name and password to login the

PPTP server.
MTU Size Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default

value is 1400.
Request MPPE

Encryption
Attain DNS
Automatically

Click the checkbox to enable request MPPE

encryption.

Click to select getting DNS address for PPTP

support. Please select Set DNS Manually if the

PPTP support is selected.
Set DNS Manually Click to select getting DNS address for PPTP

support.
DNS 1 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.
DNS 2 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.
DNS 3 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 3.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address

to be cloned.
Enable uPNP Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.
Enable Web Server
Access on WAN
Enable WAN Echo
Reply

Click the checkbox to enable web configuration

from WAN side.

Click the checkbox to enable WAN ICMP

response.
Set TTL value Click to Enable and set Time to Live value.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the

new configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

recover the previous configuration setting.

Firewall - Port Filtering

Entries in this table are used to restrict certain types of data packets from your local
network to Internet through the Gateway. Use of such filters can be helpful in securing or
restricting your local network.

Item Description

Enable Port Filtering Click to enable the port filtering security function.
Port Range
Protocol
Comments

Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the

Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

Delete Selected Click to delete the selected port range that will be

Delete All Click to delete all the registered entries from the

Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

To restrict data transmission from the local
network on certain ports, fill in the range of
start-port and end-port, and the protocol, also put
your comments on it.
The Protocol can be TCP, UDP or Both.
Comments let you know about whys to restrict
data from the ports.

ports to port filtering list.

recover the previous configuration setting.

removed from the port-filtering list.

port-filtering list.

recover the previous configuration setting.

Firewall - IP Filtering

Entries in this table are used to restrict certain types of data packets from your local
network to Internet through the Gateway. Use of such filters can be helpful in securing or
restricting your local network.

Item Description

Enable IP Filtering Click to enable the IP filtering security function.
Local IP Address
Protocol
Comments

Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the IP

Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

Delete Selected Click to delete the selected IP address that will be

Delete All Click to delete all the registered entries from the

Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

To restrict data transmission from local network
on certain IP addresses, fill in the IP address and
the protocol, also put your comments on it.
The Protocol can be TCP, UDP or Both.
Comments let you know about whys to restrict
data from the IP address.

address to IP filtering list.

recover the previous configuration setting.

removed from the IP-filtering list.

IP-filtering list.

recover the previous configuration setting.

Firewall - MAC Filtering

Entries in this table are used to restrict certain types of data packets from your local
network to Internet through the Gateway. Use of such filters can be helpful in securing or
restricting your local network.

Item Description

Enable MAC
Filtering
MAC Address
Comments

Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the

Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

Delete Selected Click to delete the selected MAC address that will

Delete All Click to delete all the registered entries from the

Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

Click to enable the MAC filtering security
function.
To restrict data transmission from local network
on certain MAC addresses, fill in the MAC
address and your comments on it.
Comments let you know about whys to restrict
data from the MAC address.

MAC address to MAC filtering list.

recover the previous configuration setting.

be removed from the MAC-filtering list.

MAC-filtering list.

recover the previous configuration setting.

Firewall - Port Forwarding

Entries in this table allow you to automatically redirect common network services to a
specific machine behind the NAT firewall. These settings are only necessary if you wish
to host some sort of server like a web server or mail server on the private local network
behind your Gateway's NAT firewall.

Item Description

Enable Port
Forwarding
IP Address
Protocol
Port Range
Comment

Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the IP

Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

Click to enable the Port Forwarding security
function.
To forward data packets coming from WAN to a
specific IP address that hosted in local network
behind the NAT firewall, fill in the IP address,
protocol, port range and your comments.
The Protocol can be TCP, UDP or Both.
The Port Range for data transmission.
Comments let you know about whys to allow data
packets forward to the IP address and port
number.

address and port number to Port forwarding list.

recover the previous configuration setting.

Delete Selected Click to delete the selected IP address and port

button to abort change and recover

button to abort change and recover

number that will be removed from the
port-forwarding list.

Delete All Click to delete all the registered entries from the

port-forwarding list.

Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

recover the previous configuration setting.

Firewall – URL Filtering

URL Filtering is used to restrict users to access specific websites in internet.

Item Description

Enable URL
Filtering
URL Address Add one URL address.

Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to save settings.
Reset Click the Reset

Delete Selected Click to delete the selected URL address that will

Delete All Click to delete all the registered entries from the

Reset Click the Reset

Click to enable the URL Filtering function.

the previous configuration setting.

be removed from the URL Filtering list.

URL Filtering list.

the previous configuration setting.

Firewall - DMZ

Z in your firewall design, fill in the

button to abort change and recover

A Demilitarized Zone is used to provide Internet services without sacrificing
unauthorized access to its local private network. Typically, the DMZ host contains
devices accessible to Internet traffic, such as Web (HTTP) servers, FTP servers, SMTP
(e-mail) servers and DNS servers.

Item Description

Enable DMZ Click to enable the DMZ function.
DMZ Host IP
Address

Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the IP

Reset Click the Reset

To support DM
IP address of DMZ host that can be access from
the WAN interface.

address of DMZ host.

the previous configuration setting.

VPN Setting

This page is used to show VPN connection table, configure IPSEC VPN, NAT Traversal,
Generate RSA Key, Show RSA Public Key.

Item Description

Enable IPSEC VPN Click to enable IPSEC VPN function.
Enable NAT

Click to enable NAT Traversal function.
Traversal
Generate RSA Key Click to generate RSA key.
Show RSA Public

Click to show RSA public key that we generate.
Key
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to enable IPSEC

VPN, NAT Traversal settings.
Current VPN
Connection Table

It shows current WAN interface information and

VPN connection table.
Edit Click to enter the current VPN tunnel

configuration page.
Delete Click to delete the current VPN tunnel that radio

button stay.
Refresh Click to refresh the current VPN connection table.

VPN Setup - Edit Tunnel

Item Description

Enable Tunnel # Click to enable the IPSEC VPN current tunnel.
Connection Name Assign the connection name tag.
Auth Type Click to select PSK or RSA.
Local Site

Local IP
Address/Network
Local Subnet Mask

Remote Site

Remote Secure
Gateway
Remote IP
Address/Network
Remote Subnet Mask

Local/Peer ID

Local ID Type
Local ID
Remote ID Type

Remote ID

Click to select Single Address or Subnet Address
VPN connection.
Fill in IP address or subnet address depends on
which Local Site option you choose.
Fill in the local subnet mask.
Click to select Single Address, Subnet Address,
Any Address or NAT-T Any Address VPN
remote connection.
Fill in remote gateway IP address

Fill in IP address or subnet address depends on
which Remote Site option you choose.
Fill in remote subnet mask
Define IKE exchange information type
Click to select IP, DNS or E-mail as local
exchange type
Fill in local ID except IP selected
Click to select IP, DNS or E-mail as remote
exchange type
Fill in remote ID except IP selected

Item Description

Key Management Click to select IKE or Manual mode.
Advanced Click Advanced button to configure more IKE

settings.

Connection Type Click to select Initiator or Responder mode.
Connect Click to connect manually. [Responder mode

only]

Disconnect Click to disconnect manually. [Responder mode

only].

ESP Click to configure 3DES, AES128 or NULL

encryption.
Click to configure MD5 or SHA1 authentication.

PreShared Key Fill in the key value. [IKE mode only]
Remote RSA Key Fill in the remote gateway RSA key. [IKE mode

only]
Status It shows connection status. [IKE mode only]
SPI Fill in Security Parameter Index value. [Manual

mode only]
Encryption Key Fill in encryption key. [Manual mode only]
Authentication Key Fill in authentication key. [Manual mode only]
Apply Change Click the Apply Changes button to save current

tunnel settings.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

recover the previous configuration setting.
Refresh It shows the current connection status. [Manual

mode only]
Back It returns back to VPN Setup page.

Advanced IKE Setup

Item Description

Phase 1

Negotiation Mode Main mode.
Encryption Algorithm Click to select 3DES or AES128 encryption.
Authentication
Algorithm
Key Group Click to select DH1(modp768), DH2(modp1024)

Key Life Time Fill in the key life time value by seconds.

Phase 2

Active Protocol ESP.
Encryption Algorithm Click to select 3DES, AES128 or NULL

Authentication Click to select MD5 or SHA1 authentication.

Click to select MD5 or SHA1 authentication.

or DH5(modp1536) key group. Default value is

DH2

encryption.

Algorithm
Key Life Time Fill in the key life time value by seconds.
Encapsulation Tunnel mode.
Perfect Forward
Secrecy (PFS)
Ok Click the Ok button to save current tunnel

Cancel Click the Cancel button to close current window

Click to select ON or NONE.

settings.

without any changes.

Management - Statistics

This page shows the packet counters for transmission and reception regarding to wireless,
Ethernet LAN and Ethernet WAN networks.

Item Description

Wireless LAN
Sent Packets
Wireless LAN
Received Packets
Ethernet LAN
Sent Packets
Ethernet LAN
Received Packets
Ethernet WAN
Sent Packets
Ethernet WAN
Received Packets
Refresh Click the refresh the statistic counters on the

It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the
wireless LAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of received packets on
the wireless LAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the
Ethernet LAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of received packets on
the Ethernet LAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the
Ethernet WAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of received packets on
the Ethernet WAN interface.

screen.

Management - DDNS

This page is used to configure Dynamic DNS service to have DNS with dynamic IP
address.

Item Description

Enable DDNS Click the checkbox to enable DDNS service.
Service Provider Click the drop down menu to pickup the right

provider.
Domain Name To configure the Domain Name.
User Name/Email Configure User Name, Email.
Password/Key Configure Password, Key.
Apply Change Click the Apply Changes button to save the

enable DDNS service.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

recover the previous configuration setting.

Management - Time Zone Setting

button to abort change and recover

This page is used to configure NTP client to get current time.

Item Description

Current Time It shows the current time.
Time Zone Select Click the time zone in your country.
Enable NTP client
update
NTP Server Click select default or input NTP server IP

Apply Change Click the Apply Changes button to save and

Reset Click the Reset

Refresh Click the refresh the current time shown on the

Click the checkbox to enable NTP client update. R

address.

enable NTP client service.

the previous configuration setting.

screen.

Management – Denial-of-Service

This page is used to enable and setup protection to prevent attack by hacker’s program. It
provides more security for users.

Item Description

Enable DoS

Click the checkbox to enable DoS prevention.
Prevention
Whole System Flood

Enable and setup prevention in details.
/ Per-Source IP
Flood…
Select ALL Click the checkbox to enable all prevention items.
Clear ALL Click the checkbox to disable all prevention

items.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to save above

settings.

Management - Log

This page is used to configure the remote log server and shown the current log.

Item Description

Enable Log

System all
Wirelessy
DoS
Enable Remote Log
Log Server IP
Address

Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to save above

Refresh Click the refresh the log shown on the screen.
Clear Clear log display screen

Click the checkbox to enable log.
Show all log of wireless broadband router
Only show wireless log
Only show Denial-of-Service log
Click the checkbox to enable remote log service.
Input the remote log IP address

settings.

Management - Upgrade Firmware

This page allows you upgrade the Access Point firmware to new version. Please note, do
not power off the device during the upload because it may crash the system.

Item Description

Select File Click the Browse button to select the new version

of web firmware image file.

Upload Click the Upload button to update the selected

web firmware image to the WLAN Broadband
Router.

Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover

the previous configuration setting.

Management Save/ Reload Settings

This page allows you save current settings to a file or reload the settings from the file that
was saved previously. Besides, you could reset the current configuration to factory
default.

Item Description

Save Settings to File Click the Save button to download the

configuration parameters to your personal

computer.
Load Settings from
File

Reset Settings to
Default

Click the Browse button to select the

configuration files then click the Upload button to

update the selected configuration to the WLAN

Broadband Router.

Click the Reset button to reset the configuration

parameter to factory defaults.

Management - Password Setup

This page is used to set the account to access the web server of Access Point. Empty user
name and password will disable the protection.

+

Item Description

User Name Fill in the user name for web management login

control.

New Password Fill in the password for web management login

control.

Confirmed Password Because the password input is invisible, so please

fill in the password again for confirmation
purpose.

Apply Changes Clear the User Name and Password fields to

empty, means to apply no web management login
control.
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.

Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

recover the previous configuration setting.

Management - WatchDog

This page is used to do watchdog function using ping command. User set IP address,
interval and ping fail count conditions to decide whether router reboots or not.

Item Description

Enable WatchDog Click to enable watchdog.
WatchDog IP
Address
Ping Interval Fill in the value by seconds.
Ping Fail to reboot
Count
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the

Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

IP address that is referred.

Fill in the value that is the threshold to reboot
router when ping fails.

new configuration setting.

recover the previous configuration setting.

Management - Quality of Service

This page is used to do bandwidth control by ip address. User sets total and undefined
bandwidth first. Then set bandwidth by range of ip addresses.

Fill in the value that is the upload stream from ISP

Item Description

Enable QoS Click to enable QoS.
ISP Bandwidth
Download Fill in the value that is the download stream from

ISP by KB/s.

Upload

by KB/s.
Undef IP Bandwidth
Download Define the download bandwidth that is not

defined.
Upload Define the upload bandwidth that is not defined.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the

new configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

recover the previous configuration setting.

Item Description

Bandwidth Control
IP Address Range Set start and end ip address.
Guarantee Bandwidth
Download Fill in the value by KB/s.
Upload Fill in the value by KB/s.
Piority Click to pick High, Medium or Low
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the

new configuration setting. It is added into

Current Bandwidth Control Table.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

recover the previous configuration setting.
Delete Selected Click to delete the selected ip addresses that will

be removed from the Current Bandwidth

Control Table.
Delete All Click to delete all the registered entries from the

ip addresses Current Bandwidth Control Table.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and

recover the previous configuration setting.

Logout

This page is used to logout web management page. This item will be activated next time
you login after you define user account and password.

Item Description

Apply Change Click the Apply Change button, Then click OK

button to logout.

Warranty Policy & RMA Policy

1. All Teletronics products have 1 Year Warranty Period.

2. Our Warranty Period does not cover physical damages, misuse of the product, and natural
disasters.

3. International customers have 60 business days return policy, in order to receive full refund
for the items purchased. Only

if the item is consider to be brand new unit. (Unopened

Items)

4. Domestic customers have 30 business days return policy, in order to receive full refund for
the items purchased. Only

if the item is consider to be brand new unit. (Unopened Items)

5. Within the 30/60 business days, for all used items, there will be a restocking fee charge (0­45%). Depending on the condition of the item. Restocking Fee might vary.

6. All original materials must

be returned in good resalable condition.

7. No refund, exchange or full credit will be issued after the 30/60 business day return policy.

8. Out-of Warranty items are repaired or replaced only
Labor charges and freight will vary based on the condition of defective item.

9. Advanced Replacement Cases, must be issued within the 1 Year Warranty Period

10. All RMA numbers automatically expire 30 days after date of issuance.

11. Teletronics reserves the right to refuse any RMA shipment that does not come with RMA
Case Number or an invalid RMA Case Number.

Terms and Conditions

1. REPAIR WARRANTY: All warranties are void if Teletronics finds that the product has been abused, physically damaged or altered in

any way without prior written authorization. 2. OUT OF WARR ANTY PRODUCT: Out-of-Warranty Products are repaired only
customer’s prior approval. For Out-of-Warranty repair charges, please contact us at 301.309.8500 x136 or [e-mail]. 3.
PACKAGING: Please clearly mark the RMA number on the outside of the packaging. Damage or loss of goods during shipment is the
sole responsibility of the customer. Product must be returned in original carton or in packaging of equal or greater quality. 4. RMA
NUMBER: Any returned product without a valid RMA number or no RMA number will be refused and returned to the sender. RMA

numbers are only valid for 30 days from the date they are issued. Please write the RMA number on the box in bold letters using
permanent marker on at least two different sides of the box. 5. PRODUCT: Ship only the product(s) specified on the original RMA
request and includes any additional items. Any additional products will require a new RMA number. 6. SHIPPING COST: The customer is
responsible for the cost of shipment to Teletronics and we will be responsible for the cost of shipment back to the customer. Ship to:
Teletronics International, Inc. 2 Choke Cherry Road, Suite 100 Rockville, MD 20850 USA. 7. SHIPPING METHOD: All the repaired
products will be shipping back to customers via UPS/FedEX Ground service. For International customers via Economic 8. ADVANCED
REPLACEMENT: If you are requesting Advanced Replacement for the defective product, you must provide us with a valid credit card
number as a guarantee. Please Note: Advanced Replacement charges will be applied to the customer’s credit card, if the
defective product is not received by Teletronics within 21 business days. 9. RMA REFUND: Customer is required to provide the
original invoice/receipt to request RMA credit.

6-Easy Steps to Receive an RMA Case #

1. Go to: http://www.teletronics.com/RMA.html

2. Download the RMA Form; fill it out the entire fields with the appropriate product information

3. Email the word file to [e-mail]

4. Within 1 Business Day, you will receive an email with the RMA Receipt Confirmation

5. Package the defective unit with the suitable material

6. Identify the outside of the box with the RMA Case # given in the RMA Receipt

7. Ship the package:
Teletronics – RMA Dept
2 Choke Cherry Rd, Suite 100.
Rockville. MD – 20850
USA

NOTE:

the package the same business day.

Advanced Replacement Cases must be issued before 4:30pm (Eastern Time), in order to ship

(Except List of Antennas Attached)

with the customer’s prior approval.

with the

Regulatory Information

Statement of Conditions

We may make improvements or changes in the product described in this documentation at any time. The information
regarding the product in this manual are subject to change without notice.
We assume no responsibility for errors contained herein or for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential
damages with the furnishing, performance or use of this manual or equipment supplied with it, even if the suppliers
have been advised of the possibility of such damages.

Electronic Emission Notices

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference.
(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

FCC Information

The Federal Communication Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement includes the following paragraph:
The equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B Digital Device, pursuant to part 15 of
the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in
accordance with instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communication. However, there is no guarantee
that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to
overcome the interference by one or more of the following measures:

- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

- Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

- The equipment is for home or office use.

Important Note

FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement: This equipment complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for
an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20cm
between the antenna and your body and must not be co-located or operated in conjunction with any other antenna or
transmitter.
Caution: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the
user's authority to operate the equipment.

R&TTE Compliance Statement

This equipment complies with all the requirements of the Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and the
Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunication terminal equipment (R&TTE)and the mutual
recognition of their conformity. The R&TTE Directive repeals and replaces in the directive 98/13/EEC. As of April 8,

2000.

European Union CE Marking and Compliance Notices

Products intended for sale within the European Union are marked, which indicates compliance with the applicable

directives identified below. This equipment also carries the Class 2 identifier.

With the Conformité Européene (CE) and European standards and amendments, we declare that the equipment
described in this document is in conformance with the essential requirements of the European Council Directives,
standards and other normative documents listed below:

73/23/EEC Safety of the User (article 3.1.a)
89/336/EEC Electromagnetic Compatibility (article 3.1.b)
1999/5/EC (R&TTE) Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive.

EN 60950 2000 Safety of Information Technology Equipment, Including Electrical Business Equipment.

EN 300 328 V1.4.1(2003) Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Wideband Transmission

systems;Data transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band and using spread spectrum modulation
techniques;Harmonized EN covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive.

EN 301 489-1, V1.4.1(2002); EN 301 489-17, V1.2.1(2002) – Electromagnetic compatibility and radio spectrum
matters (ERM); electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services: Part 1: Common

technical requirements; Part 17: Part 17: Specific conditions for 2,4 GHz wideband transmission systems and5 GHz

high performance RLAN equipment

Warning: According to ERC/REC 70-30 appendix 3 National Restrictions, annex 3 Band A “RLANs and HIPERLANs.”

See list of 802.11b/g restrictions for specific countries under the heading “European Economic Area Restrictions” as
below.

English

This product follows the provisions of the European Directive 1999/5/EC.

Danish

Dette produkt er i overensstemmelse med det europæiske direktiv 1999/5/EF

Dutch

Dit product is in navolging van de bepalingen van Europees Directief 1999/5/EC.

Finnish

Tämä tuote noudattaa EU-direktiivin 1999/5/EY määräyksiä.

French

Ce produit est conforme aux exigences de la Directive Européenne 1999/5/CE.

Contact Information

Need to contact Teletronics?

Visit us online for information on the latest products and updates to your existing products at:

http://www.teletronics.com

Can't find information about a product you want to buy on the web? Do you want to know more about networking with
Teletronics products?

Give us a call at: 301-309-8500 or fax your request to: 301-309-8551

For technical support issues you can e-mail us at: [e-mail]

If any Teletronics product proves defective during its warranty period, you can email the Teletronics Return
Merchandise Authorization department to obtain a Return Authorization Number at: [e-mail]

(Details on Warranty and RMA issues can be found in Warranty Policy & RMA Policy)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address?

IP address is the identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks
using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination.
The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers
separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. For example, 191.168.1.254
could be an IP address.
The MAC (Media Access Control) address is your computer's unique hardware number.
(On an Ethernet LAN, it's the same as your Ethernet address.) When you're connected to

the Internet from your computer (or host as the Internet protocol thinks of it), a
correspondence table relates your IP address to your computer's physical (MAC)
address on the LAN.

To find your PC’s IP and MAC address,

 Open the Command program in the Microsoft Windows.
 Type in ipconfig /all then press the Enter button.
 Your PC’s IP address is the one entitled IP Address and your PC’s MAC address is

the one entitled Physical Address.

2. What is Wireless LAN?

A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a network that allows access to Internet without the need
for any wired connections to the user’s machine

3. What are ISM bands?

ISM stands for Industrial, Scientific and Medical; radio frequency bands that the Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) authorized for wireless LANs. The ISM bands are
located at 915 +/- 13 MHz, 2450 +/- 50 MHz and 5800 +/- 75 MHz.

4. How does wireless networking work?

The 802.11 standard define two modes: infrastructure mode and ad hoc mode. In
infrastructure mode, the wireless network consists of at least one access point connected
to the wired network infrastructure and a set of wireless end stations. This configuration
is called a Basic Service Set (BSS). An Extended Service Set (ESS) is a set of two or
more BSSs forming a single subnetwork. Since most corporate WLANs require access
to the wired LAN for services (file servers, printers, Internet links) they will operate in
infrastructure mode.

Ad hoc mode (also called peer-to-peer mode or an Independent Basic Service Set, or
IBSS) is simply a set of 802.11 wireless stations that communicate directly with one
another without using an access point or any connection to a wired network. This mode
is useful for quickly and easily setting up a wireless network anywhere that a wireless
infrastructure does not exist or is not required for services, such as a hotel room,
convention center, or airport, or where access to the wired network is barred (such as for
consultants at a client site).

Example 2: wireless Ad Hoc Mode

5. What is BSSID?

A six-byte address that distinguishes a particular a particular access point from others.
Also know as just SSID. Serves as a network ID or name.

6. What is ESSID?

The Extended Service Set ID (ESSID) is the name of the network you want to access. It
is used to identify different wireless networks.

7. What are potential factors that may causes interference?

Factors of interference:

 Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture… etc.
 Building Materials: metal door, aluminum studs.
 Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors and electrical motors.

Solutions to overcome the interferences:

 Minimizing the number of walls and ceilings.
 Position the WLAN antenna for best reception.
 Keep WLAN devices away from other electrical devices, eg: microwaves,

monitors, electric motors, … etc.
 Add additional WLAN Access Points if necessary.

8. What are the Open System and Shared Key authentications?

IEEE 802.11 supports two subtypes of network authentication services: open system and
shared key. Under open system authentication, any wireless station can request
authentication. The station that needs to authenticate with another wireless station sends
an authentication management frame that contains the identity of the sending station.
The receiving station then returns a frame that indicates whether it recognizes the
sending station. Under shared key authentication, each wireless station is assumed to
have received a secret shared key over a secure channel that is independent from the

802.11 wireless network communications channel.

9. What is WEP?

An optional IEEE 802.11 function that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a
wired network. The Wired Equivalent Privacy generates secret shared encryption keys
that both source and destination stations can use to alert frame bits to avoid disclosure to
eavesdroppers.
WEP relies on a secret key that is shared between a mobile station (e.g. a laptop with a
wireless Ethernet card) and an access point (i.e. a base station). The secret key is used to
encrypt packets before they are transmitted, and an integrity check is used to ensure that
packets are not modified in transit.

10. What is Fragment Threshold?

The proposed protocol uses the frame fragmentation mechanism defined in IEEE 802.11
to achieve parallel transmissions. A large data frame is fragmented into several
fragments each of size equal to fragment threshold. By tuning the fragment threshold
value, we can get varying fragment sizes. The determination of an efficient fragment
threshold is an important issue in this scheme. If the fragment threshold is small, the
overlap part of the master and parallel transmissions is large. This means the spatial
reuse ratio of parallel transmissions is high. In contrast, with a large fragment threshold,
the overlap is small and the spatial reuse ratio is low. However high fragment threshold
leads to low fragment overhead. Hence there is a trade-off between spatial re-use and
fragment overhead.
Fragment threshold is the maximum packet size used for fragmentation. Packets larger
than the size programmed in this field will be fragmented.
If you find that your corrupted packets or asymmetric packet reception (all send packets,
for example). You may want to try lowering your fragmentation threshold. This will
cause packets to be broken into smaller fragments. These small fragments, if corrupted,
can be resent faster than a larger fragment. Fragmentation increases overhead, so you'll
want to keep this value as close to the maximum value as possible.

11. What is RTS (Request To Send) Threshold?

The RTS threshold is the packet size at which packet transmission is governed by the
RTS/CTS transaction. The IEEE 802.11-1997 standard allows for short packets to be
transmitted without RTS/CTS transactions. Each station can have a different RTS
threshold. RTS/CTS is used when the data packet size exceeds the defined RTS
threshold. With the CSMA/CA transmission mechanism, the transmitting station sends
out an RTS packet to the receiving station, and waits for the receiving station to send

back a CTS (Clear to Send) packet before sending the actual packet data.
This setting is useful for networks with many clients. With many clients, and a high
network load, there will be many more collisions. By lowering the RTS threshold, there
may be fewer collisions, and performance should improve. Basically, with a faster RTS
threshold, the system can recover from problems faster. RTS packets consume valuable
bandwidth, however, so setting this value too low will limit performance.

12. What is Beacon Interval?

In addition to data frames that carry information from higher layers, 802.11 includes
management and control frames that support data transfer. The beacon frame, which is a
type of management frame, provides the "heartbeat" of a wireless LAN, enabling
stations to establish and maintain communications in an orderly fashion.
Beacon Interval represents the amount of time between beacon transmissions. Before a
station enters power save mode, the station needs the beacon interval to know when to
wake up to receive the beacon (and learn whether there are buffered frames at the access
point).

13. What is Preamble Type?

There are two preamble types defined in IEEE 802.11 specification. A long preamble
basically gives the decoder more time to process the preamble. All 802.11 devices
support a long preamble. The short preamble is designed to improve efficiency (for
example, for VoIP systems). The difference between the two is in the Synchronization
field. The long preamble is 128 bits, and the short is 56 bits.

14. What is SSID Broadcast?

Broadcast of SSID is done in access points by the beacon. This announces your access
point (including various bits of information about it) to the wireless world around it. By
disabling that feature, the SSID configured in the client must match the SSID of the
access point.
Some wireless devices don't work properly if SSID isn't broadcast (for example the
D-link DWL-120 USB 802.11b adapter). Generally if your client hardware supports
operation with SSID disabled, it's not a bad idea to run that way to enhance network
security. However it's no replacement for WEP, MAC filtering or other protections.

15. What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?

Wi-Fi’s original security mechanism, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), has been
viewed as insufficient for securing confidential business communications. A longer-term
solution, the IEEE 802.11i standard, is under development. However, since the IEEE

802.11i standard is not expected to be published until the end of 2003, several members
of the WI-Fi Alliance teamed up with members of the IEEE 802.11i task group to
develop a significant near-term enhancement to Wi-Fi security. Together, this team
developed Wi-Fi Protected Access.
To upgrade a WLAN network to support WPA, Access Points will require a WPA
software upgrade. Clients will require a software upgrade for the network interface card,
and possibly a software update for the operating system. For enterprise networks, an
authentication server, typically one that supports RADIUS and the selected EAP

authentication protocol, will be added to the network.

16. What is WPA2?

It is the second generation of WPA. WPA2 is based on the final IEEE 802.11i
amendment to the 802.11 standard.

17. What is 802.1x Authentication?

802.1x is a framework for authenticated MAC-level access control, defines Extensible
Authentication Protocol (EAP) over LANs (WAPOL). The standard encapsulates and
leverages much of EAP, which was defined for dial-up authentication with
Point-to-Point Protocol in RFC 2284.
Beyond encapsulating EAP packets, the 802.1x standard also defines EAPOL messages
that convey the shared key information critical for wireless security.

18. What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)?

The Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, pronounced tee-kip, is part of the IEEE 802.11i
encryption standard for wireless LANs. TKIP is the next generation of WEP, the Wired
Equivalency Protocol, which is used to secure 802.11 wireless LANs. TKIP provides
per-packet key mixing, a message integrity check and a re-keying mechanism, thus
fixing the flaws of WEP.

19. What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)?

Security issues are a major concern for wireless LANs, AES is the U.S. government’s
next-generation cryptography algorithm, which will replace DES and 3DES.

20. What is Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)?

The IEEE 802.11f Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) supports Access Point Vendor
interoperability, enabling roaming of 802.11 Stations within IP subnet.
IAPP defines messages and data to be exchanged between Access Points and between
the IAPP and high layer management entities to support roaming. The IAPP protocol
uses TCP for inter-Access Point communication and UDP for RADIUS request/response
exchanges. It also uses Layer 2 frames to update the forwarding tables of Layer 2
devices.

21. What is Wireless Distribution System (WDS)?

The Wireless Distribution System feature allows WLAN AP to talk directly to other APs
via wireless channel, like the wireless bridge or repeater service.

22. What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)?

UPnP is an open networking architecture that consists of services, devices, and control
points. The ultimate goal is to allow data communication among all UPnP devices

regardless of media, operating system, programming language, and wired/wireless
connection.

23. What is Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Size?

Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) indicates the network stack of any packet is larger
than this value will be fragmented before the transmission. During the PPP negotiation,
the peer of the PPP connection will indicate its MRU and will be accepted. The actual
MTU of the PPP connection will be set to the smaller one of MTU and the peer’s MRU.
The default is value 1400.

24. What is Clone MAC Address?

Clone MAC address is designed for your special application that request the clients to
register to a server machine with one identified MAC address.
Since that all the clients will communicate outside world through the WLAN Broadband
Router, so have the cloned MAC address set on the WLAN Broadband Router will solve
the issue.

25. What is DDNS?

DDNS is the abbreviation of Dynamic Domain Name Server. It is designed for user own
the DNS server with dynamic WAN IP address.

26. What is NTP Client?

NTP client is designed for fetching the current timestamp from internet via Network
Time protocol. User can specify time zone, NTP server IP address.

27. What is VPN?

VPN is the abbreviation of Virtual Private Network. It is designed for creating point-to
point private link via shared or public network.

28. What is IPSEC?

IPSEC is the abbreviation of IP Security. It is used to transferring data securely under
VPN.