User Manual
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Phone 781-665-1400
Toll Free 1-800-517-8431
Visit us at www.TestEquipmentDepot.com
T3VNA Vector Network Analyzers
Copyright and Declaration
Copyright
Teledyne LeCroy. All Rights Reserved.
Trademark Information
Teledyne Test Tools is the registered trademark of Teledyne LeCroy.
Declaration
Teledyne LeCroy products are protected by patent law worldwide
Teledyne LeCroy reserves the right to modify or change parts of or all the
specifications or pricing policies at company’s sole decision.
Information in this publication replaces all previously corresponding material.
Any way of copying, extracting or translating the contents of this manual is not
allowed without the permission of Teledyne LeCroy.
Teledyne LeCroy will not be responsible for losses caused by either
incidental or consequential in connection with the furnishing, use or
performance of this manual as well as any information contained.
Product Certication
Teledyne LeCroy guarantees this product conforms to the national and industrial
standards in China as well as the ISO9001: 2008 standard and the ISO14001: 2004
standard. Other international standard conformance certification is in progress.
II T3VNA User Manual
Safety Information
General Safety Summary
Read the following precautions carefully to avoid any personal injuries, or damage to
the instrument or products connected to it. Use the instrument only as specied.
Use only the power cord supplied for the instrument.
Ground the instrument. The instrument is grounded through the ground conductor of
the power cord. To avoid electric shock, always connect to grounded outlets. Make sure
the instrument is grounded correctly before connecting its input or output terminals.
Connect the signal wire correctly. To avoid damage, observe input polarity and
maximum voltage/current ratings at all times.
Observe all terminal ratings and signs on the instrument to avoid re or electric shock.
Before connecting to the instrument, read the manual to understand the input/output
ratings.
Do not operate with suspected failures. If you suspect that the instrument is damaged,
contact the Teledyne LeCroy service department immediately.
Do not operate in wet/damp conditions.
Do not operate in an explosive atmosphere.
Keep the surface of the instrument clean and dry.
Avoid touching exposed circuits or wires. Do not touch exposed contacts or
components when the power is on.
Do not operate without covers. Do not operate the instrument with covers or panels
removed.
Use only the fuse specied for the instrument.
Use proper over voltage protection.
Use anti-static protection. Operate in an anti-static protected area. Ground
measurement cable conductors before connecting to the instrument to discharge any
static electricity before connecting the cables to the instrument.
Observe ventilation requirements. Ensure good ventilation. Check the vent and fan
regularly to prevent overheating.
T3VNA User Manual III
Safety Terms and Symbols
The following terms may appear on the instrument:
DANGER: Direct injury or hazard may occur.
WARNING: Potential injury or hazard may occur.
CAUTION: Potential damage to instrument/property may occur .
The following symbols may appear on the instrument:
CAUTION
Risk of
injury or
damage.
Refer to
manual.
WARNING
Risk of
electric
shock or
burn
Earth
Ground
Terminal
Protective
Conductor
Terminal
Frame or
Chassis
Terminal
ON/
Standby
Power
Measuring Terminal Ratings
RF Input: 50 Ω, Max +30 dBm, ±50 VDC
No rated measurement category per IEC/EN 61010-031:2015. Measuring terminals
on this product are not intended to be connected directly to mains.
Operating Environment
Temperature: 0 °C to 50 °C
Relative Humidity: 90% RH up to 30 °C; derates to 50% at 50°C.
Alternating
Current
Altitude: ≤ 3000 m
Use indoors only.
Pollution Degree 2. Use in an operating environment where normally only dry,
non-conductive pollution occurs. Temporary conductivity caused by condensation
should be expected.
IV T3VNA User Manual
AC Power
Input Voltage & Frequency: 100-240 V at 50/60/400 Hz
Automatic AC selection.
Power Consumption: 35 W maximum
Mains Supply Connector: CAT II per IEC/EN 61010-1:2015, instrument
intended to be supplied from the building wiring at utilization points (socket
outlets and similar).
Fuse Type
100 V / 110 V : 1.25A / 250 V (’T’ rated)
220 V / 230 V : 1.25A / 250 V (’T’ rated)
1 General Inspection
Please check the instrument according to the following steps.
1. Inspect the shipping container.
Keep the shipping container and packaging material until the contents of the shipment
have been completely checked and the instrument has passed both electrical and
mechanical tests. It is always good practice to save the shipping container and
packaging for use when returning the power supply to Teledyne LeCroy for service or
calibration.
The consigner or carrier will be responsible for damage to the instrument resulting from
shipping. Teledyne LeCroy will not provide free maintenance or replacement in this
instance.
2. Inspect the instrument.
If the instrument is found to be damaged, defective or fails in electrical or mechanical
tests, please contact the Teledyne LeCroy service department immediately.
3. Check the accessories.
Please check that you have received the accessories: Calibration Kit, Utility Kit, Power
Cord, USB cable. If the accessories are incomplete or damaged, please contact
Teledyne LeCroy immediately.
T3VNA User Manual V
Care
Do not store or leave the instrument in direct sunshine for extended periods of time.
Note: To avoid damage to the instrument, please do not leave it in a corrosive
atmosphere.
Cleaning
Regularly perform the following steps to clean the instrument.
1. Disconnect the instrument from all power sources, then clean it with a soft, damp
cloth.
2. Remove loose dust on the outside of the instrument with a soft cloth. When
cleaning the LCD, take care to avoid scratching it.
Note: To avoid damage to the surface of the instrument, please do not
use any corrosive liquid or chemical cleanser. Make sure that the
instrument is completely dry before restarting it to avoid short circuit or
personal injury.
End-of-Life Handling
The instrument is marked with this symbol to indicate that it complies with the
applicable European Union requirements to Directives
2012/19/EU and 2013/56/EU on Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment (WEEE) and Batteries.
The product is subject to disposal and recycling regulations that
vary by country and region. Many countries prohibit the disposal
of waste electronic equipment in standard waste recepticles. For
more information about proper disposal and recycling of your Teledyne LeCroy
product, please visit teledynelecroy.com/recycle.
!
VI T3VNA User Manual
Contents
Copyright and Declaration................................................................................................................. II
Safety Information ............................................................................................................................ III
General Safety Summary .............................................................................................................. III
Safety Terms and Symbols........................................................................................................... IV
Measurement Category ................................................................................................................. V
Working Environment ...................................................................................................................VI
Ventilation Requirement ............................................................................................................. VII
General Care and Cleaning ........................................................................................................VII
Chapter 1 Quick Start ................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 General Inspection ........................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Appearance and Dimension ............................................................................................ 3
1.3 Preparing for Use ............................................................................................................. 4
1.3.1 Adjust the Supporting Legs ....................................................................................... 4
1.3.2 Connect to AC Power Supply ................................................................................... 4
1.4 Front Panel ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.4.1 Front Panel Function Keys........................................................................................ 5
1.4.2 Front Panel Key Backlight ........................................................................................ 7
1.4.3 Using the Numeric Keyboard .................................................................................... 7
1.4.4 Front Panel Connectors ............................................................................................ 8
1.5 Rear Panel ..................................................................................................................... 10
1.6 User Interface ................................................................................................................ 12
1.7 Firmware Operation ....................................................................................................... 14
1.7.1 Check System Information ..................................................................................... 14
1.7.2 Load Option............................................................................................................. 14
1.7.3 Firmware Upgrade .................................................................................................. 14
1.8 Touch Operation ............................................................................................................. 14
1.9 Remote Control .............................................................................................................. 15
1.10 Using Built-in Help ......................................................................................................... 15
1.11 Using the Security Lock ................................................................................................. 16
1.12 Mode .............................................................................................................................. 16
Chapter 2 Spectrum Analyzer ..................................................................................................... 17
2.1 Basic Settings ................................................................................................................ 18
2.1.1
2.1.2 Span ........................................................................................................................ 23
Frequency ............................................................................................................... 18
XVI T3VNA User Manual
2.1.3 Amplitude ................................................................................................................ 24
2.1.4 Auto Tune................................................................................................................ 28
2.2 Sweep and Functions .................................................................................................... 30
2.2.1 BW .......................................................................................................................... 30
2.2.2 Trace ....................................................................................................................... 32
2.2.3 Detect ...................................................................................................................... 34
2.2.4 Sweep .................................................................................................................... 35
2.2.5 Trigger .................................................................................................................... 37
2.2.6 Limit......................................................................................................................... 38
2.2.7 TG (Tracking Generator) ......................................................................................... 39
2.2.8 Demod..................................................................................................................... 42
2.3 Marker ............................................................................................................................ 44
2.3.1 Marker .................................................................................................................... 44
2.3.2 Marker -> ................................................................................................................. 47
2.3.3 Marker Fn ................................................................................................................ 48
2.3.4 Peak ........................................................................................................................ 50
2.4 Measurement ................................................................................................................. 53
2.4.1 Meas........................................................................................................................ 53
2.4.2 Meas setup.............................................................................................................. 54
Chapter 3 Vector Network Analyzer ............................................................................................ 64
3.1 Basic Settings ................................................................................................................ 65
3.1.1 Frequency ............................................................................................................... 65
3.1.2 Span ........................................................................................................................ 66
3.1.3 Amplitude ................................................................................................................ 67
3.2 Sweep and Functions .................................................................................................... 68
3.2.1 BW .......................................................................................................................... 68
3.2.2 Trace ....................................................................................................................... 68
3.2.3 Sweep .................................................................................................................... 71
3.2.4 TG ........................................................................................................................... 72
3.3 Marker ............................................................................................................................ 72
3.3.1 Marker .................................................................................................................... 72
3.3.2 Peak ........................................................................................................................ 75
3.4 Measurement ................................................................................................................. 76
3.4.1 Stimulus .................................................................................................................. 76
3.4.2 Meas........................................................................................................................ 76
3.4.3 Format ..................................................................................................................... 76
3.4.4 Scale ....................................................................................................................... 77
3.4.5 Trace ....................................................................................................................... 77
3.4.6 Calibration ............................................................................................................... 77
Chapter 4 Distance-To-Fault Mode .............................................................................................. 80
4.1 Measurement ................................................................................................................. 80
4.1.1 Disp Mode ............................................................................................................... 80
4.1.2 Start Distance.......................................................................................................... 80
4.1.3 Stop Distance .......................................................................................................... 80
4.1.4 Unit .......................................................................................................................... 81
T3VNA User Manual XVII
4.1.5 Velocity Factor ........................................................................................................ 81
4.1.6 Cable Atten.............................................................................................................. 82
4.1.7 Window ................................................................................................................... 82
4.1.8 Calibration ............................................................................................................... 82
Chapter 5 Modulation Analyzer.................................................................................................... 84
5.1 Basic Settings ................................................................................................................ 85
5.1.1 Frequency ............................................................................................................... 85
5.2 Measurement ................................................................................................................. 85
5.2.1 Digital Modulation Analysis .................................................................................... 85
5.2.2 Analog Modulation Analysis .................................................................................... 89
5.3 Sweep and Functions .................................................................................................... 90
5.3.1 Trigger .................................................................................................................... 90
5.3.2 Sweep .................................................................................................................... 91
Chapter 6 System Settings .......................................................................................................... 92
6.1 System ........................................................................................................................... 92
6.1.1 Language ................................................................................................................ 92
6.1.2 Power On/Preset ..................................................................................................... 92
6.1.3 Interface .................................................................................................................. 93
6.1.4 Calibration ............................................................................................................... 94
6.1.5 System Info ............................................................................................................. 94
6.1.6 Date and Time ......................................................................................................... 95
6.1.7 Self Test................................................................................................................... 96
6.2 Display ........................................................................................................................... 96
6.2.1 Grid Brightness ....................................................................................................... 96
6.2.2 Screenshot .............................................................................................................. 96
6.2.3 Touch Settings ......................................................................................................... 97
6.2.4 Power Saving .......................................................................................................... 98
6.2.5 Annotation ............................................................................................................... 98
6.2.6 Display Line............................................................................................................ 98
6.3 File ................................................................................................................................. 99
6.3.1 Browser ................................................................................................................... 99
6.3.2 Open/Load .............................................................................................................. 99
6.3.3 Back ....................................................................................................................... 99
6.3.4 View Type ................................................................................................................ 99
6.3.5 Save Type .............................................................................................................. 99
6.3.6 Save ...................................................................................................................... 100
6.3.7 Create Folder ........................................................................................................ 100
6.3.8 Operate ................................................................................................................ 100
6.4 Shortcut Key ................................................................................................................ 101
6.4.1 Preset .................................................................................................................... 101
6.4.2 Couple ................................................................................................................... 109
6.4.3 Help ........................................................................................................................ 110
6.4.4 Save .......................................................................................................................110
Chapter 7 Programming Overview ............................................................................................. 111
7.1 Remotely Operating the Analyzer .................................................................................. 111
XVIII T3VNA User Manual
7.1.1 USB: Connecting the Analyzer via the USB Device port ........................................111
7.1.2 LAN: Connecting the Analyzer via the LAN port .....................................................111
7.2 Build Communication .................................................................................................... 113
7.2.1 Build Communication Using VISA..........................................................................113
7.2.2 Build Communication Using Sockets/Telnet ......................................................... 115
7.3 Remote Control Capabilities ......................................................................................... 116
7.3.1 User-defined Programming ....................................................................................116
7.3.2 Send SCPI Commands via NI MAX .......................................................................116
7.3.3 Easy Spectrum Software........................................................................................118
7.3.1 Web Control .......................................................................................................... 119
Chapter 8 Service and Support ..................................................................................................120
8.1 Service Summary ........................................................................................................ 120
8.2 Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................... 120
8.3 Contact Us ................................................................................................................... 122
T3VNA User Manual XIX
Chapter 1 Quick Start
This chapter guides users to quickly get familiar with the appearance, dimensions, front/rear panel and
the user interface, as well as announcements during the first use of the analyzer.
Subjects in this chapter:
General Inspection
Appearance and Dimension
Preparing for Use
Front Panel
Rear Panel
User Interface
Firmware Operation
Touch Operation
Remote Control
Using Built-in Help
Using the Security Lock
Mode
2 T3VNA User Manual
1.1 General Inspection
1. Inspect the shipping container
Keep the damaged shipping container or cushioning material until the contents of the shipment have
been completely checked and the instrument has passed both electrical and mechanical tests.
The consigner or carrier will be responsible for damages to the instrument resulting from shipment.
Teledyne LeCroy will not provide free maintenance or replacement.
2. Inspect the instrument
If the instrument is found to be damaged, defective or fails in electrical or mechanical tests, please
contact the Teledyne LeCroy service department immediately.
3. Check the accessories
Please check that you have received the accessories: Calibration Kit, Utility Kit, Power Cord, USB cable.
If the accessories are incomplete or damaged, please contact Teledyne LeCroy immediately.
1.2 Appearance and Dimension
Figure 1-1 Front View
Figure 1-2 Top View
T3VNA User Manual 3
1.3 Preparing for Use
1.3.1 Adjust the Supporting Legs
Adjust the supporting legs properly to use them as stands to tilt the analyzer upwards for stable
placement as well as easier operation and observation of the instrument display.
Figure 1-3 before adjusting Figure 1-4 after adjusting
1.3.2 Connect to AC Power Supply
The vector network analyzer accepts 100-240V, 50/60Hz or 100-120V 400Hz AC power supply. Please
use the provided power cord to connect the instrument to the power source as shown in the figure
below. Before powering on, make sure the analyzer is protected by a fuse.
Fuse holder
The Plug
Figure 1-5 Power Cord Connection
4 T3VNA User Manual
1.4 Front Panel
2
1
7891011
Figure 1-6 the Front Panel
Table 1-1 Front Panel Description
NO. Description NO. Description
1 User Graphical Interface, touch support 7 RF Input, VNA port 2
2 Menu Control Keys 8 TG Output, VNA port 1
3 Function Keys 9 3.5 mm Earphone interface
3
4
5
6
4 Knob 10 USB Host
5 Numeric / Letter Keyboard 11 Power Switch
6 Arrow Keys
1.4.1 Front Panel Function Keys
Figure 1-7 Function Keys area
T3VNA User Manual 5
Table 1-2 Function keys description
Control Keys Description
Frequency
Span
Amplitude
Auto Tune
Setting Keys Description
BW
Trace
Sweep
Detect
Trigger
Limit
TG
Demod
Set the parameters of frequency, and Peak→CF, CF→Step.
Set the parameters of span, and X-scale (Log-Linear) setup.
Set the parameters of amplitude, including Ref Level, Attenuator, Preamp, etc.; and
Correction setup.
Scan the full span rapidly and move the biggest signal to center freq, and
automatically sets the optimal parameters according to the signal.
Set the parameters of RBW and VBW, Average Type (Log power, Power, Voltage),
and Filter Type (-3 dB Gauss\ -6 dB EMI).
Select Trace, Trace setup and Trace math.
Set the parameters of sweep, and EMI QPD Dwell Time.
Select the detector type for each trace independently.
Select triggers in Free Trigger, Video Trigger and External Trigger.
Set the Pass\Fail Limit.
Set the parameters of tracking generator. Including TG Level, TG Level oset
Normalization setup. The backlight LED is on when TG source is working.
Set the demodulation parameters of the AM and FM for audio listening.
Marker Keys Description
Marker
Marker->
Marker Fn
Peak
Meas Keys Description
Meas
Meas Setup
System Keys Description
System
Mode
Display
File
Shortcut Keys Description
Preset
Set the Markers and Marker Table.
Set other system parameters on the basis of the current marker’s value.
Special functions of the marker such as noise marker, N dB bandwidth measurement
and frequency counter.
Search for the peak signal, peak search configuration and peak table.
In spectrum analyzer mode, selects the Advanced Measurement function.
In non-spectrum analyzer mode, select corresponding settings.
Set the measurement parameters.
Set the system parameters.
Select the working modes.
Set the display parameters.
Use the le system and files.
Sets the system to certain status.
Couple
Help
Save
6 T3VNA User Manual
Set the parameters of some functions between auto and manual.
Turn on the built-in help.
Save Shortcut Key.
1.4.2 Front Panel Key Backlight
The on/o state and the color of the backlights of some keys at the front panel indicate the working
state of the analyzer. The states are as listed below.
1. Power Switch
Flash on and o alternatively, in a “breathing” state: indicate the unit is in stand-by.
Constant on: indicates the instrument is in normal operating state.
2. Mode
When the function is Spectrum Analyzer, the backlight turns o. When in other modes, the backlight
turns on.
3. TG
When the TG source is on, the backlight of TG turns on and turns off when the function is off.
1.4.3 Using the Numeric Keyboard
The analyzer provides a numeric keyboard at the front panel. The numeric keyboard supports English
uppercase/lowercase characters, numbers and common symbols (including decimal point, #, space
and +/-) and are mainly used to edit file or folder names and set parameters.
Figure 1-8 Numeric Keyboards
1. +/-
In number input, set the sign of number; in file input, switch in number and letter.
2. 1 A/a
In number input, enter number 1; in file input, switch between uppercase and lowercase letter.
3. . #
In number input, enter a decimal point. In English input, enter special characters.
4. Back
In parameter editing, press this key to delete the character on the left of the cursor.
T3VNA User Manual 7
5. Esc
During parameter editing process, press this key to clear the inputs in the active function area and
exit parameter input.
When the instrument is in remote mode, use this key to return to local mode.
6. Enter
In parameter editing, the system will complete the input and insert a default unit for the parameter.
1.4.4 Front Panel Connectors
1 2 3
Figure 1-9 Front Panel Connectors (1)
1. Power Switch
Power on / Power down the instrument
2. USB Host
The analyzer can serve as a “host” device to connect external USB devices. This interface is
available for USB storage devices, wireless or wired mouse and keyboard.
Read and write functions for an external USB storage device or store the contents currently
displayed on the screen in the USB storage device in .png or .jpg or .bmp format.
3. Earphone Jack
The analyzer can demodulate AM and FM signals. Insert a 3.5 mm earphone into to the jack to acquire
the audio output of the demodulated signal. You can turn on or o the earphone output and adjust the
volume via Demod ->Volume.
CAUTION
Protect your hearing. Please turn the volume down to zero before using the
earphone. Gradually turn the volume up to a comfortable level after inserting
the earphone.
8 T3VNA User Manual
4 5
Figure 1-10 Front Panel Connectors (2)
4. TG SOURCE, VNA PORT 1
The TG SOURCE can be connected to a device-under-test (DUT) through a cable with a male
N-type male connector.
In the VNA mode, this port is used as the single port of S11 and the output port of S21.
CAUTION
To avoid damaging to the tracking generator, the reverse DC voltage cannot
exceed 50 V
5. RF INPUT, VNA PORT 2
The RF INPUT can be connected to the DUT through a cable with a male N-type connector
In the VNA mode, this port is used as the input port for S21 measurements.
CAUTION
To avoid damaging to the instrument, the RF input signal must meet the
following: The DC voltage component and the maximum continuous power
of the AC (RF) signal component cannot exceed 50 V and +30 dBm
respectively.
T3VNA User Manual 9
1.5 Rear Panel
Figure 1-11 Rear Panel
1. Handle
Pull up the handle vertically for easy carrying of the instrument. When you do not need the handle,
press it down.
2. USB Device Interface
The analyzer can serve as a “slave” device to connect external USB devices. Through this interface, a
PC can be connected to control the analyzer.
3. LAN Interface
Through this interface, the analyzer can be connected to your local network (LAN) for remote control.
4. REF IN 10 MHz
The analyzer can use the internal or an external reference source.
When a 10 MHz external clock signal is received through the [10 MHz IN] connector, this signal is
used as the external reference source and “Ext Ref” is displayed in the status bar of the user
interface. When the external reference is lost or not connected, the instrument switches to its
internal reference source automatically and “Ext Ref” on the screen disappears.
The [10 MHz IN] and [10 MHz OUT] connectors are usually used to build synchronization among
multiple instruments.
5. REF OUT 10 MHz
The analyzer can use the internal or an external reference source.
10 T3VNA User Manual
When an internal reference source is used, the [10 MHz OUT] connector can output a 10 MHz
clock signal generated by the analyzer. This signal can be used to synchronize other instruments.
The [10 MHz OUT] and [10 MHz IN] connectors are usually used to build synchronization among
multiple instruments.
6. Trigger in
In external trigger mode, the analyzer will update the trace scan after the Trigger In connector receives
an external trigger signal that meets the trigger input specifications.
7. Security Lock Hole
If needed, you can use a security lock(purchased separately) to lock the analyzer to a desired location.
8. AC Power Supply
The analyzer accepts 100-240V, 50/60 or 100-120VA 400Hz power supply. Please use the power cord
provided as accessories to connect the instrument.
9. Fuse
Before power on, make sure the analyzer is protected by the proper input fuse.
T3VNA User Manual 11
1.6 User Interface
Figure 1-12 User Interface
Table 1-3 User Interface labels
NO. Name Description
1 Screen information Area Area around the waveform display shows additional information
2 Ref Reference level
3 UNCAL When the sweep time is less than the auto couple time, the
measure result may have decreased accuracy, The display will
indicate uncalibrated using the letters “UNCAL”
4 EXT REF Valid Ext 10 MHz reference clock detected indicator
5 Att Attenuator Value
6 Day and time System time
7 Pass/Fail status Limit Pass/Fail status
8 Marker Current active marker
9 Trace Active trace
10 Marker instruction Current marker, touch to open a new marker
11 Marker x value Unit: frequency, frequency delta or time
12 State indication Auto Tune: Automatically sets the optimal parameters
according to the characteristics of the signal.
Currently showing ‘Waiting for Trigger’
13 Marker y value Amplitude value or amplitude delta value
12 T3VNA User Manual
14 USB storage device
identification
15 Main menu touch logo Clicking this button will bring up the main menu
16 Menu title Function of the current menu.
17 Menu items Menu items of the current function
18 Operation status Local is local mode, Remote is remote mode, Upgrade
19 Sweep progress indication Indicates the currently scanned frequency position
20 Stop frequency Stop frequency value
21 Sweep time Time duration of a single sweep
22 Center frequency Center frequency value
23 Span Span value
24 VBW Video bandwidth
25 Start frequency The first frequency of a sweep
26 RBW Resolution bandwidth
27 Manually instructions When it appears, this parameter is not automatically coupled
28 Touch assistant Click to open the commonly used functions for measurement,
29
30
31
32
33 Correction Indicates that there is a user-configured amplitude correction
34 AM or FM AM or FM demodulation activated
35 PA Enable or disable the Preamplifier
36 FFT Sweep mode is FFT
37 Single or Continue Sweep mode single or continuous
38 Average type Log power\Power\Voltage power
39 Trigger type Free\Video\External trigger
40 Ref offset
41 Scale/Div Scale value
42 Scale type Logarithm or linearity
43 Limit line Limit Pass/Fail level
44 Trigger level Video trigger level
45 Display line Reference display line
Trace
A\B\C\D
status
The identification is displayed when a USB flash drive is
inserted
means the instrument is upgrading
but manually configured
such as peak search.
Touch Assist can be moved to any position on the screen and it
can be turned o in the DISPLAY menu
Trace type:
C&W: Clear Write
MaxH: Max Hold
MinH: Min Hold
View: View
AVG: Video average.
table being mathematically applied to the displayed trace data
34：Ref offset identification；35：Ref offset value
Detect type:
P-PK: Positive peak
N-PK: Positive peak
Samp: Sample
Norm: Normal
AVG: average
Q-PK: Quasi-peak
T3VNA User Manual 13
1.7 Firmware Operation
1.7.1 Check System Information
Users can get the system information by press System->“System Info”, including
Product Model, Serial and Host ID
Software Version and hardware Version
Option Information
1.7.2 Load Option
Refer to the procedures below to activate the options you have purchased.
1. Press System->“System Info”->“Load Option”
2. Enter the license key in the onscreen window. Press Enter to confirm your input and terminate the
license key input. Or
3. Load the .lic file provided by pressing File ->“Load” from internal memory or USB stick.
The option will be enabled after rebooting.
1.7.3 Firmware Upgrade
Follow this procedure to update the instrument firmware:
1. Download the firmware package from an official Teledyne LeCroy website.
2. Extract and copy the .ADS file into the root directory of an USB stick.
3. Plug the USB stick into the USB Host connector. Press System->“System Info”-> “Firmware
Update”; find the .ADS file in USB stick.
4. Press the “Load”, the analyzer will perform the update process automatically.
The upgrade process will take several minutes. When the upgrade is completed, the machine will
reboot.
Any interruption during the update process will result in update failure and system data loss. This
is not covered under the warranty and the user will bear repair costs and shipping.
Do not remove the USB storage device until the update is finished.
1.8 Touch Operation
The analyzer has a 10.1 inch multi-touch screen and supports various gesture operations. Including:
Press or click on the upper-right-corner of the screen to enter the main menu;
Swipe up and down or left and right in the waveform area to change the X-axis center coordinate
or Y-axis reference level;
14 T3VNA User Manual
Perform two-points scaling in the waveform area to change the X-axis span;
Click on a screen parameter or menu for parameter selection or editing;
Open and drag the marker;
Use auxiliary shortcuts to perform common operations.
You can turn the touch screen function on and o via Display->’Touch Settings’.
1.9 Remote Control
The analyzer supports communication with computers via USB and LAN interfaces. By
using these interfaces, in combination with programming languages and/or NI-VISA software, users
can remotely control the analyzer based on a SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable
Instruments) compliant command set, LabView and IVI (Interchangeable Virtual Instrument), to
interoperate with other programmable instruments.
You can also remote monitor and control the analyzer in Web Browser or Easy Spectrum.
For more details, refer to the ‘Programming Guide’ or contact your nearest Teledyne LeCroy office.
1.10 Using Built-in Help
The built-in help system provides information about every function key at the front panel and every
menu soft key.
Press Help and the embedded help would show up.
Click on the items in the contents tree on the left to navigate to any topics interested.
Click the green back or forward arrow to go back or forward to the contents just read.
Click the close sign button in the top right corner or press the Esc front-panel key to quit the help
system.
T3VNA
T3VNA1500
Figure 1-13 help information
T3VNA User Manual 15
1.11 Using the Security Lock
If needed, you can use the Kensington style security lock (not supplied) to lock the Vector Network
Analyzer to a fixed location. The method is as follows, align the lock with the lock hole and plug it into the
lock hole vertically, turn the key clockwise to lock the Vector Network Analyzer and then pull the key out.
Figure 1-14 Security Lock
1.12 Mode
The analyzer oers a variety of operating modes that can be purchased separately. They can be
selected via the Mode key:
Spectrum Analyzer
Vector Network Analyzer
Distance-To-Fault
Modulation Analyzer
Front panel key menus may be dierent in dierent modes. Different modes have their own Preset
function.
16 T3VNA User Manual
Chapter 2 Spectrum Analyzer
Press Mode, select ‘Spectrum Analyzer’ to enter spectrum analyzer mode.
The ‘Spectrum Analyzer’ mode is the default mode of the machine. In this mode, the Mode backlight
does not light up; in other modes, the Mode backlight will light up.
This chapter introduces in detail the function keys and menu functions of the front panel in Spectrum
Analyzer Mode.
Subjects in this chapter:
Basic Settings
Sweep and Functions
Marker
Measurement
T3VNA User Manual 17
2.1 Basic Settings
2.1.1 Frequency
Set the frequency-related parameters and functions of the analyzer. The sweep will restart every time
the frequency parameters are modified.
The frequency range of a channel can be expressed by three parameters: Start Frequency, Center
Frequency and Stop Frequency. If any of the parameters change, the others will be adjusted
automatically in order to ensure the coupling relationship among them:
) /2
f( ff
s t a r tce nte r
2.1.1.1 Center Frequency
Set the center frequency of the current sweep. The center frequency and span values are displayed at
the bottom of the grid respectively.
Modifying the center frequency will modify both the start frequency and stop frequency when the
span is constant (except when the start frequency or stop frequency reaches the boundary).
In Zero Span, the start frequency, stop frequency and center frequency are always the same
value.
s t o p
fff
s t a r tst o pspan
, Where
f
span
is the span.
Table 2-1 Center Frequency
Parameter
Default Full Span/2
Range Zero Span, 0 Hz - Full Span
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Span > 0, step = Span/200, min 1 Hz
Direction Key Step Freq Step
Related to Start Freq, Stop Freq
Parameter
Nonzero Span, 50 Hz - (Full Span -50Hz)
Span = 0, step = RBW/100, min 1 Hz
2.1.1.2 Start Frequency
Set the start frequency of the current sweep. The start and stop frequencies are displayed at the bottom
of the grid respectively.
The span and center frequency vary with the start frequency when the Span does not reach the
minimum. For more details, please refer to “Span”.
In Zero Span, the start frequency, stop frequency and center frequency are always the same
value.
18 T3VNA User Manual
Table 2-2 Start Frequency
Parameter Explanation
Default 0 Hz
Range Zero Span, 0 Hz - Full Span
Nonzero Span, 0 Hz - (Full Span-100Hz)
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Span > 0, step = Span/200, min 1 Hz
Span = 0, step = RBW/100, min 1 Hz
Direction Key Step Freq Step
Related to Center Freq, Span
2.1.1.3 Stop Frequency
Set the stop frequency of the current sweep. The start and stop frequencies are displayed at the lower
right sides of the grid respectively.
The span and center frequency vary with the stop frequency. The change of the span will affect
other system parameters. For more details, please refer to “Span”.
In Zero Span, the start frequency, stop frequency and center frequency are always the same
value.
Table 2-3 Stop Frequency
Parameter Explanation
Default Full Span
Range Zero Span: 0 Hz - Full Span
Nonzero Span: 100 Hz - Full Span
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Span > 0, step = Span/200, min 1 Hz
Span = 0, step = RBW/100, min 1 Hz
Direction Key Step Freq Step
Related to Center Freq, Span
2.1.1.4 Freq Oset
Set the frequency offset value to illustrate the frequency conversion between the measured device and
the input of the vector network analyzer.
This parameter does not affect any hardware settings of the vector network analyzer, but only
changes the display values of center frequency, start frequency and stop frequency.
To eliminate the frequency offset value, the frequency offset value can be set to 0 Hz.
T3VNA User Manual 19
Table 2-4 Freq Oset
Parameter Explanation
Default 0 Hz
Range -100GHz - 100GHz
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Span > 0, Step = Span/200, min 1 Hz
Span = 0, Step = RBW/100, min 1 Hz
Direction Key Step Freq Step
Related to Center Freq, Start Freq, Stop Freq
2.1.1.5 Freq Step
Setting the value of Freq Step will change the direction key step of center frequency, start frequency,
stop frequency and frequency offset.
At a fixed step change the value of the center frequency can reach the purpose of switching
measurement channels rapidly and continuously.
There are two kinds of frequency step modes：Auto and Manual. In Auto mode, the Freq step is
1/10 of the span in Non-zero span or equals the RBW while in Zero Span. In Manual mode, you
can set the step using the numeric keys.
Table 2-5 Freq Step
Parameter Explanation
Default Full Span/10
Range 1Hz - Full Span
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Span > 0, Step = Span/200, min 1 Hz
Span = 0, Step = RBW/100, min 1 Hz
Direction Key Step In 1-2-5 sequence
Related to RBW, Span and related parameters
2.1.1.6 Signal Track
Turn on or off the signal tracking function. It is used to track the signal whose frequency is unstable and
the instantaneous change of the amplitude is less than 3 dB. By marking cursor 1 on the measured
signal, the change of the measured signal can be tracked and measured continuously.
The signal tracking process is shown in the following gure:
20 T3VNA User Manual
Figure 2-1 Signal Tracking Flow
When Marker1 is on, turn on signal tracking, a point whose amplitude does not change more than
3 dB near Marker1 will be searched and marked, and the frequency at that point will be set to
center frequency.
When Maker1 is off, turn on signal tracking, Marker1 will be activated, and a peak search will be
performed, and then the peak frequency will be set to center frequency.
Signal tracking function is only available in sweep analysis. Signal tracking function is turned off in
following cases:
Zero Span mode
Tracking Generator(TG) open
Traces are not updated, including single sweep mode or View mode.
Cont Peak function turned on
Other non-SA measurement modes
2.1.1.7 Peak -> CF
Executes a peak search and sets the center frequency (CF) of the display to the frequency of the
current peak. The function is invalid in Zero Span.
T3VNA User Manual 21
Figure 2-2 before Peak -> CF
Figure 2-3 after Peak -> CF
2.1.1.8 CF -> Step
Set the current center frequency as the Freq Step. At this point, the Freq Step will switch to “Manual”
mode automatically. This function is usually used in channel switching. For example, in harmonic
measurement, firstly locate the signal at the center frequency (CF) of the display, and then execute
22 T3VNA User Manual
CF->Step. Next you can press the upward direction key continuously to measure each order of
harmonic in sequence.
2.1.2 Span
Set the span of the analyzer. Any change of this parameter will affect the frequency parameters and
restart the sweep.
2.1.2.1 Span
Set the frequency range of the current sweep. The center frequency and span are displayed at the
bottom of the grid respectively.
The start and stop frequency vary with the span when the center frequency is constant.
In non-zero span mode, the span can be set down to 100 Hz and up to the full span described in
Specifications. When the span is set to the maximum, the analyzer enters full span mode.
Modifying the span in non-zero span mode may cause an automatic change in both Freq Step and
RBW if they are in Auto mode. Besides, the change of RBW may influence VBW (in Auto VBW
mode).
Variation in the span, RBW or VBW would cause a change in the sweep time.
Table 2-6 Span
Parameter Explanation
Default Full Span
Range 0 Hz - Full Span
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Span/200, min 1 Hz
Direction Key Step In 1-2-5 sequence
Related to Start Freq, Stop Freq, Freq Step, RBW, Sweep time
Note: 0 Hz is available only in zero span.
2.1.2.2 Full Span
Set the span of the analyzer to the maximum available frequency span.
2.1.2.3 Zero Span
Set the span of the analyzer to 0Hz. Both the start and stop frequencies will equal to center frequency
and the horizontal axis will denote time. The analyzer measures the time domain characteristics of the
amplitude of the corresponding frequency point of the input signal.
The following functions are invalid in Zero span:
Frequency: Peak->CF and Signal Track;
SPAN: Zoom In and Zoom Out;
Sweep: Sweep Mode;
T3VNA User Manual 23
Marker->: M->CF, M->CF step, M->Start Freq, M->Stop Freq, △M->Span and △M->CF;
Marker Fn: Read Out(default option: △Time);
2.1.2.4 Zoom In
Set the span to half of its current value. At this point, the signal on the screen will be amplified to
observe signal details.
2.1.2.5 Zoom Out
Set the span to twice the current value. At this point, the signal on the screen will be reduced to gain
more information about the nearby spectrum.
2.1.2.6 Last Span
Set the span to the previous span setting.
2.1.2.7 X-Scale
Set the scale type of X-axis to Linear (Lin) or Logarithmic (Log) scale.
In Log scale type, the frequency scale of X-axis is displayed in the logarithmic form, and Meas function
is invalid.
Figure 2-4 Logarithmic X Scale
2.1.3 Amplitude
Set the amplitude parameters of the analyzer. Through modifying these parameters, signals under
measurement can be displayed in a proper mode for easier observation and minimum error. Any
24 T3VNA User Manual
change of Ref Level, Attenuator Value, Preamp mode and Ref Offset will restart sweep.
2.1.3.1 Ref Level
Set the maximum power or voltage that can be currently displayed in the trace window. The value is
displayed at the upper left corner of the screen grid.
The maximum reference (Ref) level available is affected by the maximum mixing level; input
attenuation is adjusted under a constant maximum mixing level in order to fulll the following condition:
Ref <= ATT - PA - 20dBm, where ATT = Attenuation value, PA = Preamplier value
Table 2-7 Ref Level
Parameter Explanation
Default 0 dBm
Range -200 dBm to + 30 dBm, 1 dB steps
Unit dBm, dBmV, dBuV, dBuA, V, W
Knob Step In Log scale mode, step = Scale/10
In Lin scale mode, step = 0.1 dBm
Direction Key Step In Log scale mode, step = Scale
In Lin scale mode, step = 1 dBm
Related to Attenuator, Preamp, Ref Oset
Note: the maximum reference level of dierent instrument models may be dierent, please refer to the
data sheet.
2.1.3.2 Attenuator
Set the value for the internal attenuator of the RF input so that the largest signal is not distorted
and small signals can pass through the mixer with low noise.
Ref <= ATT - PA - 20dBm, where ATT = Attenuation value, PA = Preamplier value
Input attenuation can be set up to auto or manual mode.
Auto mode: the attenuation value is automatically adjusted according to the state of preamplifier
and the current reference level.
The maximum input attenuation can be set to 31 dB. When the set parameters do not meet the
above formula, you can adjust the reference level.
T3VNA User Manual 25
Table 2-8 Attenuator
Parameter T3VNA1500 T3VNA3200
Default 20 dB
Range 0 - 31 dB 0 - 50 dB
Unit dB
Knob Step 1 dB
Direction Key Step 5 dB
Related to Preamp, Ref level
Note: the maximum attenuator value of dierent instrument models may be dierent, please refer to the
data sheet.
2.1.3.3 RF Preamp
Control the state of the internal preamplifier (PA) located in the RF input signal path. When the
signal-under-measurement is small, turning on the preamplifier can reduce the displayed noise level
and aid distinguishing small signals from the noise.
The corresponding icon “PA” will appear at the left side of the screen when the preamplifier is turned
on.
2.1.3.4 Units
Set the unit of the Y-axis to dBm, dBmV, dBuV, dBuA, Volts (RMS) or Watts. Default is dBm.
The conversion relationships between units are as follows.
Where, R denotes the reference impedance. The default value is 50Ω and can be adjusted by pressing
“Correction -> RF input”. The “75 Ω” impedance is just a numeric value, not a real impedance. Setting
the RF input to 75 Ω will not change the actual input impedance. A 75 Ω feed-through adapter is
required to match 75 Ω circuits to the 50 Ω input of the T3VNA.
2.1.3.5 Scale
Set the logarithmic units per vertical grid division on the display. This function is only available when the
scale type is set to “log”.
By changing the scale, the displayed amplitude range is adjusted.
The Minimum range: Reference level –10 × current scale value.
The Maximum range: The reference level.
26 T3VNA User Manual
Table 2-9 Scale/Div
Parameter Explanation
Default 10 dB
Range 0.1 dB - 20 dB
Unit dB
Knob Step Scale>=1, 1 dB,
Scale<1, 0.1dB
Direction Key Step 1-2-5 sequence
Related to Scale Type
2.1.3.6 Scale Type
Set the scale type of the Y-axis to Lin or Log. The default is Log.
In Lin mode, the vertical Scale value cannot be changed. The Display area is set for reference
level of 0%.
In Log scale type, the Y-axis denotes the logarithmic coordinate. The value shown at the top of the
grid is the reference level and each grid represents the scale value. The unit of Y-axis will
automatically switch to the default unit (dBm) in Log scale type when the scale type is changed
from Lin to Log.
In Lin scale type, the Y-axis denotes the liner coordinate; the values shown at the top of the grid
and the bottom of the grid are the reference level and 0 V. The scale setting function is invalid. The
unit of Y-axis will automatically switch to the default unit (Volts) in Lin scale type when the scale
type is charged from Log to Lin.
2.1.3.7 Ref Oset
Assign an offset to the reference level to compensate for gains or losses generated between the device
under measurement and the analyzer.
The change of this value changes both the reference level readout and the amplitude readout of the
marker; but does not impact the position of traces on the screen.
Table 2-10 Ref Oset
Parameter Explanation
Default 0 dB
Range -100 dB - 100 dB
Unit dB
Knob Step Not supported
Direction Key Step Not supported
Related to Ref Level
T3VNA User Manual 27
2.1.3.8 Correction
Correct the displayed amplitude to compensate for gains or losses from external devices such as
antennas and cables. When using this function, you can view the correction data table and save or load
the current correction data. When amplitude correction is enabled, both the trace and related
measurement results will be mathematically corrected. Positive correction values are added to the
measured values. Negative (-) correction values are subtracted from the measured values.
1. RF Input
Set the input impedance for numeric voltage-to-power conversions. To measure a 75 Ω device, you
should use a 75 Ω to 50 Ω adapters to connect the analyzer with the system-under-test and then set the
input impedance to 75 Ω.
2. Apply Correction
Enable or disable amplitude corrections. Default is Off. The analyzer provides four correction factors
that can be created and edited separately, but they can be applied independently in any combination.
3. Edit Correction factors
Table 2-11 Edit Correction table
Function Explanation
Correction Select the correction factor on or o.
Add Point Add a point into correction table.
Point Num Select a point to edit by point num.
Frequency Edit the frequency value for the current selected point.
Amplitude Edit the amplitude value for the current selected point.
Del Point Delete the selected correction point.
Del All Clear all data of the correction table.
Save/Load Save or load correction data. You can save the current correction data
into or load correction data from a specified file.
2.1.4 Auto Tune
The analyzer will search for signals automatically throughout the full frequency range and adjust the
frequency and amplitude settings for optimum display of the strongest signal.
In the process of auto search, The “Auto Tune” is shown in the status bar on the screen until the
search is finished.
Some parameters such as the reference level, scale, input attenuation and maximum mixing level
may be changed during the auto search.
28 T3VNA User Manual
Figure 2-5 before Auto Tune
Figure 2-6 after Auto Tune
T3VNA User Manual 29
2.2 Sweep and Functions
2.2.1 BW
The bandwidth menu contains the RBW (Resolution Bandwidth), VBW (Video Bandwidth), average
type and filter type. Filter type includes the EMI filter type that enables EMI measurement controls.
2.2.1.1 Resolution Bandwidth
Set the resolution bandwidth in order to distinguish between signals which have frequency components
that are near one another.
Reducing the RBW will increase the frequency resolution, but will also increase the sweep time
dramaticlly (Sweep Time is affected by a combination of RBW and VBW when the analyzer is in
Auto mode).
The frequency resolution ability is affected by RBW, RBW Filter shape factor, LO Phase
noise, and LO Residual FM.
RBW varies with the span (non-zero span) in Auto RBW mode.
Under EMI lter, RBW can only be set to 200 Hz, 9 kHz, 120 kHz and 1 MHz with a 6dB shape
factor.
Table 2-12 RBW
Parameter Explanation
Default 1 MHz
Range 1 Hz - 1 MHz
Unit MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step in 1, 3, 10 sequence
Direction Key Step in 1, 3, 10 sequence
Relation Span, VBW, V/R Ratio, Sweep Time
Notes: RBW of above table is Gaussian filter type.
2.2.1.2 Video Bandwidth
Set the video bandwidth in order to lter out the noise outside the video band.
Reducing the VBW will smooth the trace and helps to highlight small signals from noise, but it will
also increase the sweep time (Sweep Time is affected by a combination of RBW and VBW when it
is in Auto mode).
VBW varies with RBW when it is in Auto mode. While in Manual mode, VBW is not affected by
Changes in the RBW.
30 T3VNA User Manual
Table 2-13 VBW
Parameter Explanation
Default 1 MHz
Range (-3dB) 1 Hz - 3 MHz
Unit MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step in 1, 3 sequence
Direction Key Step in 1, 3 sequence
Relation RBW, V/R Ratio, Sweep Time
2.2.1.3 VBW / RBW Ratio
Set the ratio of VBW to RBW. This value is dierent while measuring dierent kinds of signals:
Sine/Continuous Wave (CW) signals: Use 1 to 3 (for faster sweeps)
Pulsed/transient signals: Use 10 (to reduce the influence on the amplitude of transient signals)
Noise signals: Generally use 0.1 (to obtain the average of noises)
Table 2-14 V/R Ratio
Parameter Explanation
Default 1
Range 0.001 - 1000
Unit N/A
Knob Step in 1, 3 sequence
Direction Key Step in 1, 3 sequence
Relation RBW, VBW
2.2.1.4 Average Type
Choose one of the following averaging types: log power (video), power (RMS), or voltage averaging.
When trace average is on, the average type is shown on the left side of the display.
1. Log Power
Select the logarithmic (decibel) scale for all filtering and averaging processes. This scale is "Video"
because it is the most common display and analysis scale for the video signal within analyzer. This
scale is excellent for finding Sine/CW signals near noise.
2. Power Average
In this average type, all filtering and averaging processes work on the power (the square of the
magnitude) of the signal, instead of its log or envelope voltage. This scale is best for real-time power
measurement of complex signals.
3. Voltage Average
In this Average type, all filtering and averaging processes work on the voltage of the envelope of the
T3VNA User Manual 31
signal. This scale is suitable for observing rise and fall behavior of AM or pulse-modulated signals such
as radar and TDMA transmitters.
2.2.1.5 Filter
Set the RBW filter type. The analyzer supports two kinds of RBW filters: “Gauss” (-3 dB bandwidth) and
“EMI” (-6 dB bandwidth).
When “EMI” is selected, resolution bandwidth can only be 200 Hz, 9 kHz, 120 kHz and 1 MHz
“Quasi-Peak” detector is available only when “EMI” filter is turned on.
2.2.2 Trace
The sweep signal is displayed as a trace on the screen.
2.2.2.1 Select Trace
The analyzer allows for up to four traces to be displayed at the same time. Each trace has its own color
(Trace A - Yellow, Trace B - Purple, Trace C - Light blue and Trace D - Green). All traces can have
Parameters set independently. As a default the analyzer will choose Trace A and set the type of the
trace as Clear Write.
2.2.2.2 Trace Type
Set the type of the current trace or disable it. The system calculates the sampled data using a specific
operation method according to the trace type selected and displays the result. Trace types include
Clear Write, Max Hold, Min Hold, View, Average and Blank. The corresponding icon of the trace type
will be displayed in the status bar at the left of the screen, as shown in the figure below.
32 T3VNA User Manual
Figure 2-7 Trace Type
1. Clear Write
Erases any data previously stored in the selected trace, and display the data sampled in real-time of
each point on the trace.
2. Max Hold
Retain the maximum level for each point of the selected trace. Update the data if a new maximum level
is detected in successive sweeps. Max Hold is very eective when measuring events that may take
successive scans to measure accurately. Some common applications include FM Deviation, AM NRSC,
and frequency hopping or drift.
3. Min Hold
Display the minimum value from multiple sweeps for each point of the trace and update the data if a
new minimum is generated in successive sweeps.
4. View
Freezes and holds the amplitude data of the selected trace. The trace data is not updated as the
analyzer sweeps.
5. Blank
Disable the trace display and all measurements of this trace.
6. Average
Set the averages time of the selected trace.
More averages can reduce the noise and the influence of other random signals; thus highlighting the
stable signal characteristics. The larger the number of averages the smoother the trace will be. Enabling
averaging will take more time to collect the full spectral information because the analyzer needs to
sweep the set average count. The displayed data is averaged in a first-in-first-out fashion.
Table 2-15 Average Times
Parameter Explanation
Default 100
Range 1 - 999
Unit N/A
Knob Step 1
Direction Key Step 5
2.2.2.3 Math
Set the computational method of the math trace.
1. Output Z
The Math result is denoted by the Z variable and can be displayed by trace A, B, C, or D.
T3VNA User Manual 33
2. Input X, Y
Input X, Y can be applied to trace A, B, C, or D.
3. Calculation Type
The analyzer provides the calculation types as shown below:
Power Di: X-Y+Offset→Z
Power Sum: X+Y+Offset→Z
Log Oset: X+ Oset→Z
Log Di: X-Y-Ref→Z
4. Oset value
Table 2-16 Oset value
Parameter Explanation
Default 0 dB
Range -100 dB - 100 dB
Unit dB
Knob Step 1 dB
Direction Key Step 1 dB
2.2.3 Detect
The analyzer displays the sweep signal on the screen in the form of a trace. For each trace point, the
analyzer always captures all the data within a specific time interval and processes (Peak, Average, etc.)
the data using the detector currently selected, then it displays the processed data (a single data point)
on the screen.
Select an appropriate detector type according to the actual application in order to ensure the accuracy
of the measurement.
The available types are Pos Peak, Neg Peak, Sample, Normal, Average and Quasi Peak. The
default is Pos peak.
1. Positive Peak
For each trace point, Positive Peak detector displays the maximum value of data sampled within the
corresponding time interval.
2. Negative Peak
For each trace point, Negative Peak detector displays the minimum value of data sampled within the
corresponding time interval.
3. Sample
For each trace point, Sample detector displays the transient level corresponding to the central time
34 T3VNA User Manual
point of the corresponding time interval. This detector type is applicable to noise or noise-like signal.
4. Normal
Normal detector (also called ROSENFELL Detector) displays the maximum value and the minimum
value of the sample data segment in turn: Odd-numbered data points display the maximum value and
even-numbered data points display the minimum value. In this way, the amplitude variation range of the
signal is clearly shown.
5. Average
For each trace point, Average detector displays the average value of data sampled within the
corresponding time interval.
6. Quasi-Peak
Quasi-Peak (QP) detector, which is a weighted form of peak detector, is used for EMC pulse testing.
The T3VNA QP detector is designed to follow CISPR-16 response specifications. For a single
frequency point, the detector detects the peaks within the QP dwell time.
The peaks detected are weighted using a digital model that follows a defined response curve as well as
the time constant specified in the CISPR 16 standards. The measurement time for QP is far longer than
Peak Detector.
2.2.4 Sweep
Sets parameters about the Sweep functions, including sweep time, sweep times, sweep mode, etc.
2.2.4.1 Sweep Time
Sets the time needed for the analyzer to finish a sweep within the span range. The sweep time can be
set in “Auto” or “Manual” mode and the default is “Auto”.
In non-zero span, the analyzer selects the shortest sweep time on the basis of the current RBW
and VBW settings if Auto is selected.
Decreasing the sweep time will decrease measurement time. However, an error may be caused if
the specified sweep time is less than the minimum sweep time in Auto coupling; at this point,
“UNCAL” is shown in the status bar on the screen. Measurements taken with “UNCAL” showing
may not meet the specifications of the instrument and can have significant error.
Table 2-17 Sweep Time
Parameter
Default N/A
Range 1 ms - 1.5 ks 1 ms - 1.5 ks
T3VNA1500 T3VNA3200
Quasi Peak Range 1 ms - 15 ks
Unit ks, s, ms, us
Knob Step Sweep time/100, min =1 ms
Direction Key Step in 1, 3 sequence
T3VNA User Manual 35
2.2.4.2 Sweep Rule
The analyzer provides two sweep time rules to meet the dierent sweep time requirements:
Speed: Activates the default fast sweep time rule.
Accuracy: Activates the normal sweep time rule to ensure increased measurement accuracy.
The Speed sweep time rule provides a fast measurement function that decreases the sweep time.
While the Accuracy Sweep rule will increase the measurement accuracy.
2.2.4.3 Sweep
Set the sweep mode in single or continuous, the default is continuous. The corresponding icon of the
sweep will be displayed in the status bar at the left of the screen.
1. Single
Set the sweep mode to “Single”. The number on the parameter icon denotes the current sweep times.
2. Numbers
Set the sweeps times for a single sweep. In single sweep mode, the system executes the specified
sweeps times and the number shown on the icon in the status bar at the left of the screen varies with
the process of the sweep.
3. Continue
Set the sweep mode to “Continue”. The character Cont on the parameter icon denotes the analyzer is
sweeping continuously.
If the instrument is in single sweep mode and no measurement function is enabled, press this key
and the system will enter continuous sweep mode and sweep continuously if the trigger conditions
are satisfied.
If the instrument is in single sweep mode and a measurement function is on, press this key and the
system will enter continuous sweep mode and measure continuously if the trigger conditions are
satisfied.
In continuous sweep mode, the system will send a trigger initialization signal automatically and
enter the trigger condition judgment directly after each sweep.
Table 2-18 Sweep Times
Parameter Explanation
Default 1
Range 1 - 99999
Unit N/A
Knob Step 1
Direction Key Step 1
36 T3VNA User Manual
2.2.4.4 Sweep Mode
Sweep mode includes auto mode, sweep mode and FFT mode.
1. Auto
When the sweep mode is auto, the analyzer selects the sweep mode automatically between Sweep
and FFT Mode in the shortest time.
2. Sweep
True swept operation including point-by-point scanning. The Sweep mode is available when the RBW
is in 30 Hz – 1 MHz.
3. FFT
The FFT mode is only available when RBW is in 1 Hz - 10 kHz.
When the tracking generator (TG) is on, the sweep mode is forced to Sweep.
2.2.4.5 QPD Dwell Time
Dwell time is the measurement time at a single frequency. QP detector gets its weighted envelope
response during this dwell time. The longer dwell time is, the more eectively the QP detector
responses to a single frequency, and the more accurate the QP detector envelope is.
Table 2-19 QPD Dwell Times
Parameter Explanation
Default 50 ms
Range 0 s - 10 s
Unit ks, s, ms, us
Knob Step 1 ms
Direction Key Step 1 ms
2.2.5 Trigger
The trigger type can be Free Run, Video or External.
2.2.5.1 Free Run
The trigger conditions are satisfied at any time and the analyzer generates trigger signals continuously.
2.2.5.2 Video Trigger
A trigger signal will be generated when the system detects a video signal of which the voltage exceeds
the specified video trigger level. Set the trigger level with the video trigger menu entry. At this point, the
trigger level line (Trig Line) and value are displayed on the screen.
T3VNA User Manual 37
Table 2-20 Trigger Setup
Parameter Explanation
Default 0 dBm
Range -300 dBm - 50 dBm
Unit dBm
Knob Step 1 dBm
Direction Key Step 10 dBm
2.2.5.3 External
In this mode, an external signal (TTL signal) is input from the [TRIGGER IN] connector at the rear panel
and trigger signals are generated when this signal fulfills the specified trigger edge condition.
Set the trigger edge in external trigger to the rising (Pos) or falling (Neg) edge of the pulse.
2.2.6 Limit
The analyzer supports Pass/Fail test function. In this function, the measured curve will be compared
with the pre-edited curve. If the related rules are met, the result is “Pass”, else the result is “Fail”.
2.2.6.1 Limit1
Enable or disable limit1.
2.2.6.2 Limit1 Edit
Edit the properties of limit1.
Table 2-21 Limit1 Edit Menu
Function Explanation
Type Select upper or lower limit type. The default value is Upper.
Mode Select limit line or limit point. The default value is Line.
Set the number of the point to be edited if you selected the point type, and
the range is 1 - 100.
Add point Add a new point for editing.
X-axis Edit the X-axis value (frequency or time) of the current point.
Amplitude Edit the amplitude of the current point or line.
Del Point Delete the point whose number is selected in Mode.
Del All Delete all the points.
Save/Load Save or load the limit file.
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2.2.6.3 Limit2
Enable or disable limit2.
2.2.6.4 Limit2 Edit
Edit the properties of limit2.
Table 2-22 Limit2 Edit Menu
Function Explanation
Type Select upper or lower limit type. The default value is Lower.
Mode Select limit line or limit point. The default value is Line.
Set the number of the point to be edited if you selected the point type, and
the range is 1 - 100.
Add point Add a new point for editing.
X-axis Edit the X-axis value (frequency or time) of the current point.
Amplitude Edit the amplitude of the current point or line.
Del Point Delete the point whose number is selected in Mode.
Del All Delete all points.
Save/Load Save or load the limit file.
2.2.6.5 Test
Enable or disable the limit test function.
2.2.6.6 Setup
1. Fail to stop
Turn on or off the Fail to stop function. If the function is on, the analyzer will stop sweep and retain the
test result when the test result is “Fail”.
2. Buzzer
Turn on or off the buzzer. When the buzzer is on, it beeps when the test result is “Fail”.
3. X Axis
Set the X-axis to frequency or time domain. The default value is Freq.
Note that all the points of the current limit line will be deleted if the X-axis unit changes.
2.2.7 TG (Tracking Generator)
Set the parameters related to the tracking generator (TG) and normalize.
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2.2.7.1 TG
The tracking generator is a signal source with an adjustable frequency and amplitude. When the TG is
enabled, a signal with the same frequency of the current sweep signal will be output from the [TG
SOURCE] connector at the front panel. The power of the signal can be set through the menu. The TG
output frequency follows the analyzer sweep frequency. For example, if the sweep is set to scan from 1
MHz to 10 MHz, the TG output frequency will change from 1 MHz to 10 MHz in coordinated steps with
the sweep. In Zero Span mode, the TG frequency will match the center frequency of the analyzer.
2.2.7.2 TG Level
Set the output power of the signal of the tracking generator.
Table 2-23 TG Level
Parameter Explanation
Default -20 dBm
Range -20 dBm - 0 dBm
Unit dBm
Knob Step 1 dBm
Direction Key Step 10 dBm
2.2.7.3 TG Level Oset
Assigns a certain oset to the output power of the TG when gains or losses occur between the TG
output and external device in order to display the actual power value.
This parameter only changes the readout of the TG output power, rather than the actual value.
The offset could be either a positive (gain in the external output) or a negative (loss in the external
output).
Table 2-24 TG Level Oset
Parameter Explanation
Default 0 dB
Range -200 dB - 200 dB
Unit dB
Knob Step 1 dB
Direction Key Step 10 dB
2.2.7.4 Normalize
Normalization can eliminate errors in the TG Level. Before using this function, connect the [TG
SOURCE] output terminal of the TG with the [RF INPUT] input terminal of the analyzer.
The reference trace can be stored by pressing the “Store Ref” button after the current sweep finished.
Then the normalize function can be enabled. When normalization is enabled, the corresponding value
40 T3VNA User Manual
of the reference trace will be subtracted from the trace data after every sweep.
The reference trace must be stored before the normalize function can be used.
Default
reference plane
Normalized
reference plane
Figure 2-8 Normalize
2.2.7.5 Store Ref
Before enable the normalize function, you should press the “Store Ref” button to store the data of Trace
A to Trace D. Then Trace D is the reference trace.
The tracking generator needs to be turned on first, and the reference trace can be saved only
when the first screen is scanned.
The normalization can be enabled only after the reference trace is stored.
After you stored the reference trace and enabled the normalization, if you then change some
parameters which will change the sweep frequency and sweep time, the "UNCAL" sign will be
displayed in the upper left corner of the screen, indicating that the reference trace is no longer
applicable to the new trace, and prompting you to save the reference trace again.
2.2.7.6 Ref Trace
Set whether to display the reference trace or not. If “View” is selected, the reference trace saved (Trace
D) will be shown in “View” type.
Note: When normalization is enabled, the unit of Y-axis is “dB” and will not be influenced by the
definition in AMPT->Units. At this point, “(dB)” is displayed under the Y-axis scale in the user interface.
2.2.7.7 Norm Ref Level
Adjust the vertical position of the trace on the screen by adjusting the reference level when
normalization is enabled.
This operation diers from the Ref Level function in the AMPT menu. This parameter has no influence
on the reference level of the analyzer.
T3VNA User Manual 41
Table 2-25 Reference level under normalization
Parameter Explanation
Default 0 dB
Range -200 dB - 200 dB
Unit dB
Knob Step 1 dB
Direction Key Step 10 dB
2.2.7.8 Norm Ref Pos
Adjust the vertical position of the normalization reference level on the screen by adjusting the reference
position when normalization is enabled.
The function of this menu is similar to that of Norm Ref Level. When it is set to 0%, the
normalization reference level is displayed at the bottom of the screen grid and at the top when it is
set to 100%.
Table 2-26 TG reference position under normalization
Parameter Explanation
Default 100%
Range 0 - 100%
Unit 100%
Knob Step 1%
Direction Key Step 10%
2.2.8 Demod
Press Demod at the front panel to enter the demodulation setting menu. Both AM and FM
demodulations are available on the analyzer.
2.2.8.1 Demod (AM/FM)
Set the demodulation type to AM or FM or o. The default is o.
The analyzer features an earphone jack and the demodulated signal can be output in audio
frequency (AF) mode through the earphone. The frequency and intensity of AF denotes the
frequency and amplitude of the signal respectively.
A marker would be enabled automatically, place it at the desired frequency and set a demod time.
The analyzer would demod at the marker frequency for the demod time, and then performs a
normal sweep.
Zero span and linear scale type amplitude can be used to see the time domain waveform of the
modulated signal.
More demodulation analysis, please refer to AM/FM demodulation in Modulation Analyzer section.
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2.2.8.2 Earphone
Set the status of the earphone. When it is on, the demodulated signal can be heard through the
earphone during the demodulation. By default, it is off.
2.2.8.3 Volume
Set the volume of the earphone.
Table 2-27 Volume
Parameter Explanation
Default 6
Range 0 - 10
Unit N/A
Knob Step 1
Direction Key Step 1
2.2.8.4 Demod Time
Set the time for the analyzer to complete a signal demodulation after each sweep.
If the Earphone is set to “On”, you will hear the demodulated signal through the earphone during the
demodulation. A longer demod dwell time is recommended for demodulating audio signals.
Table 2-28 Demod time
Parameter Explanation
Default 5 s
Range 5 ms - 1000 s
Unit ks, s, ms, us
Knob Step 0 ms - 100 ms, step = 1 ms
100 ms - 1 s, step = 10 ms
1 s - 10 s, step = 100 ms
10 s - 100 s, step = 1 s
100 s - 1000 s, step = 10 s
Direction Key Step In 1-2-5 step sequence
T3VNA User Manual 43
2.3 Marker
2.3.1 Marker
The marker appears as a rhombic sign (as shown below) for identifying points on a trace. You can
easily read the amplitude, frequency and sweep time of the marked point on the trace.
Figure 2-9 Marker
The analyzer allows for up to eight/four pairs of markers to be displayed at one time, but only one
pair or a single marker is active every time.
You can use the numeric keys, knob or direction keys to modify the desired frequency or time as
well as view the readouts of different points on the trace.
2.3.1.1 Select Marker
Select one of the eight markers. The default is Marker1. When a marker is selected, you can set its type,
trace to be marked, readout type and other related parameters. The enabled marker will appear on the
trace selected through the Select Trace option and the readouts of this marker are also displayed in
the active function area and at the upper right corner of the screen.
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Table 2-29 Marker parameters
Parameter Explanation
Default Center Frequency
Range 0 - Full Span
Unit Readout = Frequency: GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Readout = Time or Period: s, ms, us, ns, ps
Knob Step Readout = Frequency, Step = Span/(Sweep Points - 1)
Readout = Time or Period, Step = Sweep Time/(Sweep Points - 1)
Direction Key Step Readout = Frequency, Step = Span/10
Readout = Time or Period, Step = Sweep Time/10
2.3.1.2 Select Trace
Select the trace to be marked by the current marker. Valid selections include A, B, C, or D.
2.3.1.3 Normal
One of the marker types. It is used to measure the X (Frequency or Time) and Y (Amplitude) values of a
certain point on the trace. When selected, a marker with the number of the current marker (such as “1”)
appears on the trace.
If no active marker exists currently, a marker will be enabled automatically at the center frequency
of the current trace.
You can use the numeric keys, knob or direction keys to move the marker. The readouts of the
marker will be displayed at the upper right corner of the screen.
The readout resolution of the X-axis (frequency or time) is related to the span. For higher readout
resolution, reduce the span.
2.3.1.4 Delta
One of the marker types. It is used to measure the delta values of X (Frequency or Time) and Y
(Amplitude) between the reference point and a certain point on the trace. When selected, a pair of
markers appears on the trace: Fixed Related Marker (marked by a combination of the marker number
and letter “+”, such as “2+”) and the Delta Marker (marked by the “∆”, such as “1∆2”).
After the marker selects “Delta”, the original marker will become the delta measurement marker,
and the related marker of the incrementing sequence number will become the reference “fixed”
marker
The delta marker is in the "relative to" state, and its X-axis position can be changed; the related
marker is in the "fixed" state by default (the X-axis and Y-axis positions are fixed), but the X-axis
can be adjusted by changing to the "normal" state.
The first row in the upper right corner of the trace area shows the frequency (or time) dierence
and amplitude dierence between the two markers; the second row in the upper right corner of the
trace area shows the X axis and amplitude value of the related marker.
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2.3.1.5 Fixed
One of the marker types. When “Fixed” is selected, the X-axis and Y-axis of the marker will not change
by the trace and can only be changed through the menu. The fixed marker is marked with "+".
After the marker selects “Delta”, the original marker will become the delta measurement marker, and
the related marker of the incrementing sequence number will become the reference “fixed” marker
2.3.1.6 O
Turn off the marker currently selected. The marker information displayed on the screen and functions
based on the marker will also be turned off.
2.3.1.7 Relative To
“Relative to” is used to measure the delta values of X (Frequency or Time) and Y (Amplitude) between
two markers which can mark on dierent traces.
After the marker selects “Delta”, the original marker will become the delta measurement marker, and
the related marker of the incrementing sequence number will become the reference “fixed” marker
2.3.1.8 Marker Table
Enable or disable the Marker Table.
Display all the markers enabled on the lower portion of the screen, including marker number, trace
number, marker readout type, X-axis readout and amplitude. Through this table you can view the
measurement values of multiple points. The table allows for up to eight markers to be displayed at one
time.
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Figure 2-10 Marker table
2.3.2 Marker ->
1. M->CF
Set the center frequency of the analyzer to the frequency of the current marker.
If the Normal marker is selected, the center frequency will be set to the frequency of the current
marker.
If the Delta or Delta Pair marker is selected, the center frequency will be set to the frequency of
the Delta Marker.
The function is invalid in Zero span.
2. M -> CF Step
Set the center frequency step of the analyzer to the frequency of the current marker.
If the Normal marker is selected, the center frequency step will be set to the frequency of the
current marker.
If the Delta or Delta Pair marker is selected, the center frequency step will be set to the frequency
of the Delta Marker.
The function is invalid in Zero span.
3. M -> Start Freq
Set the start frequency of the analyzer to the frequency of the current marker.
If the Normal marker is selected, the start frequency will be set to the frequency of the current
marker.
If the Delta or Delta Pair marker is selected, the start frequency will be set to the frequency of the
Delta Marker.
The function is invalid in Zero span.
4. M -> Stop Freq
Set the stop frequency of the analyzer to the frequency of the current marker.
If the Normal marker is selected, the stop frequency will be set to the frequency of the current
marker.
If the Delta or Delta Pair marker is selected, the stop frequency will be set to the frequency of the
Delta Marker.
The function is invalid in Zero span.
5. M ->Ref Level
Set the reference level of the analyzer to the amplitude of the current marker.
If the Normal marker is selected, the reference level will be set to the amplitude of the current
marker.
If the Delta or Delta Pair marker is selected, the reference level will be set to the amplitude of the
Delta Marker.
6. ΔM->Span
Set the span of the analyzer to the frequency dierence between the two markers in Delta marker type.
If the Normal marker is selected, this function is invalid.
T3VNA User Manual 47
The function is invalid in Zero span.
7. ΔM->CF
Set the center frequency of the analyzer to the frequency dierence between the two markers in Delta
marker type.
If the Normal marker is selected, this function is invalid.
The function is invalid in Zero span.
2.3.3 Marker Fn
Special marker functions including Noise Marker, N dB BW and Freq Counter.
2.3.3.1 Select Marker
Select one of the eight markers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) and the default is Marker1.
2.3.3.2 Noise Marker
Execute the Noise marker function for the selected marker and read the normalized noise power
spectral density.
If the current marker is “O” in the Marker menu, pressing Noise Marker will first set it to Normal
type automatically; then measure the average noise level at the marked point and normalize this
value to 1 Hz bandwidth. During this process, certain compensation is always made on the basis
of the detection and trace types. The measurement will be more precise if RMS Avg or Sample
detection type is used.
This function can be used for measuring the C/N ratio.
2.3.3.3 N dB BW
Enable the N dB BW measurement or set the value of N dB. The N dB BW denotes the frequency
dierence between two points that are located on both sides of the current marker and with N dB fall
(N<0) or rise (N>0) in amplitude as shown in the figure on the next page.
48 T3VNA User Manual
Figure 2-11 N dB BW
When the measurement starts, the analyzer will search for the two points which are located at both
sides of the current point with N dB fall or rise in amplitude and display the frequency dierence
between the two points in the active function area. "----" would be displayed if the search fails.
Table 2-30 N dB Noise
Parameter Explanation
Default -3 dB
Range -100 dB to +100 dB
Unit dB
Knob Step 0.1 dB
Direction Key Step 1 dB
2.3.3.4 Freq Counter
Turn on or off the frequency counter. The frequency readout is accurate to 0.01 Hz.
The function is valid only when selecting marker 1.
If marker 1 is selected but not active, turning on the frequency counter will activate marker 1
Normal marker automatically.
The frequency counter measures the frequency near the center frequency in Zero span. If the RBW
is > 30KHz, the near center frequency is 30KHz. If the RBW is < 10KHz, the near center frequency
is 10KHz. The RBW sequence is 1-3-10.
2.3.3.5 O
Turn off the noise marker, N dB BW measurement or Frequency Counter, but not the marker itself.
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2.3.3.6 Read Out
Select a desired readout type for the X-axis for the marker. Dierent markers can use dierent readout
types. This setting will change the readout type and affect the marker readings in the active function
area and at the upper right corner of the screen, but will not change the actual value.
1. Frequency
In this type, Normal marker shows the absolute frequency. Delta markers and Delta Pair markers show
the frequency dierence between the delta marker and reference marker. The default readout mode in
non-zero span is “Frequency”.
Note: This type is invalid in Zero span.
2. Period
In this type, the Normal marker shows the reciprocal of frequency; while Delta marker and Delta Pair
marker show the reciprocal of frequency dierence. When the frequency dierence is zero, the
reciprocal is infinite and 100 Ts is displayed.
Note: This type is invalid in Zero span.
3. Δ Time
In this type, the Normal marker shows the time dierence between the marker and the start of the
sweep; while Delta marker and Delta Pair marker show the sweep time dierence between the delta
marker and reference marker.
The default readout mode in Zero span is Δ Time.
2.3.4 Peak
Open the peak search setting menu and execute peak search.
2.3.4.1 Peak -> CF
Execute peak search and set the center frequency of the analyzer to the frequency of the peak.
2.3.4.2 Next Peak
Search for and mark the peak whose amplitude is closest to that of the current peak and which meets
the peak search condition.
2.3.4.3 Next Left Peak
Search for and mark the nearest peak which is located at the left side of the current peak and meets the
peak search condition.
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2.3.4.4 Next Right Peak
Search for and mark the nearest peak which is located at the right side of the current peak and meets
the peak search condition.
2.3.4.5 Peak Peak
Execute peak search and minimum search at the same time and mark the results with delta pair
markers. Wherein, the result of peak search is marked with the delta marker and the result of minimum
search is marked with the reference marker.
2.3.4.6 Count Peak
Enable or disable continuous peak search. The default is Off. When enabled, the system will always
execute a peak search automatically after each sweep in order to track the signal under measurement.
2.3.4.7 Peak Table
Open the peak table (in the lower window) which lists the peaks (with frequency and amplitude) that
meet the peak search condition. Up to 16 peaks can be displayed in the table.
2.3.4.8 Search Cong
Define the conditions of peak search for various peak searches. A real peak should meet the
requirements of both the “Peak Excursion” and “Peak Threshold”.
1. Peak Threshold
Assign a minimum for the peak amplitude. Peaks whose amplitudes are greater than the specified peak
threshold are treated as real peaks.
Table 2-31 Peak Threshold
Parameter Explanation
Default -140 dBm
Range -200 dBm - 200 dBm
Unit dBm
Knob Step 1 dB
Direction Key Step 5 dB
2. Peak Excursion
Set the excursion between the peak and the minimum amplitude on both sides of it. Peaks whose
excursions are beyond the specified excursion are treated as real peaks.
T3VNA User Manual 51
Table 2-32 Peak Excursion
Parameter Explanation
Default 15 dB
Range 0 dB - 200 dB
Unit dB
Knob Step 1 dB
Direction Key Step 5 dB
3. Peak Type
Set the peak search condition. The available options are Maximum and Minimum.
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2.4 Measurement
2.4.1 Meas
Provide optional measurement functions. W hen activated, the screen will be divided into two parts. The
upper part is the measurement screen which displays traces, and the lower part is used to
display measurement results.
2.4.1.1 Channel Power
Measure the power and power density within the specified channel bandwidth. When this function is
enabled, the span and resolution bandwidth are automatically adjusted to smaller values. Select
Channel Power and press Meas Setup to set the corresponding parameters.
2.4.1.2 ACPR (Adjacent Channel Power)
Measure the power of the main channel and adjacent channels as well as the power dierence
between the main channel and each of the adjacent channels. When this function is enabled, the span
and resolution bandwidth of the analyzer are adjusted to smaller values automatically.
Select ACPR and press Meas Setup to set the corresponding parameters.
2.4.1.3 Occupied BW (Occupied Bandwidth)
Integrates the power within the whole span and calculates the bandwidth occupied by this power
according to the specified power ratio. The OBW function also indicates the dierence (namely
“Transmit Freq Error”) between the center frequency of the channel under measurement and the center
frequency of the analyzer. Select Occupied BW and press Meas Setup to set the corresponding
parameters.
2.4.1.4 T-Power (Time Domain Power)
The system enters Zero span and calculates the power within the time domain. The types of powers
available include Peak, Average and RMS. Select T-Power and press Meas Setup to set the
corresponding parameters.
2.4.1.5 TOI (Third Order Intercept Point)
Automatic measurement of IP3 (Third Order Intercept Point), including the power of fundamental wave
and the Third order in the power, and calculate the adjustable Intercept Point.
2.4.1.6 Spectrum Monitor
Display the power of the swept spectrum as an intensity color map commonly referred to as a waterfall
chart. Select Spectrum Monitor and press Meas Setup to set the corresponding parameters.
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2.4.1.7 CNR (Carrier to Noise Ratio)
Measure the power of the carrier and noise of the specified bandwidth and their ratio. Select CNR and
press Meas Setup to set the corresponding parameters.
2.4.1.8 Harmonics
The harmonic power and total harmonic distortion of carrier signal are measured. The maximum
measurable harmonic is 10th harmonic. The fundamental wave amplitude of carrier signal must be
greater than - 50 dBm, otherwise the measurement result is invalid. Select Harmonics and press
Meas Setup to set the corresponding parameters.
2.4.1.9 Meas O
Turn o all the Meas functions.
2.4.2 Meas setup
2.4.2.1 Channel Power
Figure 2-12 Channel Power
Measurement Results: Channel power and power spectral density.
Channel Power: Power within the integration bandwidth.
Power Spectral Density: Power (in dBm/Hz) normalized to 1Hz within the integration bandwidth.
Measurement Parameters: Center Freq, Integration BW, Span, Span power.
54 T3VNA User Manual
1. Center Freq
Set the center frequency, this center frequency which is the same with the center frequency of the
analyzer. Modifying this parameter will change the center frequency of the analyzer.
2. Integration BW
Set the frequency width of the channel to be tested and the power of the channel is the power integral
within this bandwidth. You can use the numeric keys, knob or direction keys to modify this parameter.
Table 2-33 Integration BW
Parameter Explanation
Default 2 MHz
Range 100 Hz - Span
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Integration BW/100, the minimum is 1 Hz
Direction Key Step In 1-1.5-2-3-5-7.5 sequence
3. Span
Set the frequency range of the channel. This span which is the same with the span of the analyzer is
the frequency range of the sweep. Modifying this parameter will change the span of the analyzer.
The channel power span is related to the integration bandwidth.
Table 2-34 Channel Power Span for Chan Power Measurement
Parameter Explanation
Default current span
Range 100 Hz - Span
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Channel Power Span/100, the minimum is 1Hz
Direction Key Step In 1-1.5-2-3-5-7.5 sequence
4. Span Power
Set the integrated bandwidth to the sweep span of the display. The channel power and power
spectral density display on the screen simultaneously.
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2.4.2.2 ACPR (Adjacent Channel Power)
Figure 2-13 ACPR
Measurement Results: Main CH Power, Left channel power and Right channel power.
Main CH Power: Displays the power within the bandwidth of the main power
Left channel power : Displays the power of left channel and the power dierence between the left
channel and the main channel (in dBc)
Right channel power: Display the power of the right channel and the power dierence between the
right channel and the main channel(in dBc)
Measurement parameter: Center frequency, main channel bandwidth, adjacent channel bandwidth
and channel spacing
1. Center Freq
Set the center frequency. The center frequency is the same with the center frequency of the analyzer
display. Modifying this parameter will change the center frequency of the analyzer.
2. Main Channel
Set the bandwidth of the main channel and the power of the main channel is the power integral within
this bandwidth.
Table 2-35 Main Channel
Parameter Explanation
Default 1 MHz
Range 100 Hz - full span
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Main Channel /10, the minimum is 1 Hz
Direction Key Step In 1-1.5-2-3-5-7.5 Sequence
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3. Adjacent Chn
Set the frequency width of the adjacent channels.
The adjacent channel bandwidth is related to the main channel bandwidth.
Table 2-36 Adjacent channel bandwidth
Parameter Explanation
Default 1 MHz
Range 100 Hz - (full span - 2*100 Hz)
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Adjacent Chn/10, the minimum is 1 Hz
Direction Key Step In 1-1.5-2-3-5-7.5 Sequence
4. Adj Chn space
Set the dierence between the center frequency of the main channel and the center frequency of the
adjacent channels.
Adjusting this parameter will also adjust the distance between the upper/lower channel and the main
channel.
Table 2-37 adjacent channel space
Parameter Explanation
Default 3 MHz
Range 100 Hz - (full span – 100 Hz) /2
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Adj Chn space /10, the minimum is 1 Hz
Direction Key Step In 1-1.5-2-3-5-7.5 Sequence
2.4.2.3 OBW (Occupied Bandwidth)
Figure 2-14 OBW
T3VNA User Manual 57
Measurement Results: occupied bandwidth and transmit frequency error.
Occupied Bandwidth: Integrates the power within the whole span and then calculates the
bandwidth occupied by the power according to the specified power ratio.
Transmit Frequency Error: The dierence between the center frequency of the channel and the
center frequency of the analyzer.
2.4.2.4 T-Power
Figure 2-15 T-Power
Measurement Results: T-Power
T-Power: The power of the signal from the start line to the stop line.
Measurement Parameter: Center frequency, start line, stop line.
1. Center Frequency
Set the center frequency, this center frequency which is the same with the center frequency of the
analyzer. Modifying this parameter will change the center frequency of the analyzer.
2. Start line
Set the left margin (in time unit) of T-Power measurement. The data calculated under this measurement
is between the start line and stop line.
Table 2-38 start line
Parameter Explanation
Default 0 s
Range 0 s - stop line
Unit ks, s, ms, us, ns
Knob Step Sweep time/751
Direction Key Step In 1-1.5-2-3-5-7.5 Sequence
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3. Stop line
Set the right margin (in time unit) of T-Power measurement. The data calculated under this
measurement is between the start line and stop line.
Table 2-39 stop line
Parameter Explanation
Default 900 us
Range Start line - sweep time
Unit ks, s, ms, us, ns
Knob Step Sweep time /751
Direction Key Step In 1-1.5-2-3-5-7.5 Sequence
2.4.2.5 TOI
Figure 2-16 TOI
TOI is an automatic measurement. There are no user controlled parameters.
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2.4.2.6 Spectrum Monitor
Figure 2-17 Spectrum Monitor
Display the power of spectrum of successive scans as a color map. Also known as a waterfall
chart.
Measurement Parameter: Spectrogram, Restart.
1. Spectrogram: Sets the meas state of spectrum monitor.
2. Restart: clear the measurement and then restart it.
2.4.2.7 CNR
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Figure 2-18 CNR
Measurement Results: C/N, Carrier Power, Noise Power.
C/N: the ratio of Carrier Power to Noise Power.
Carrier Power: the total power of the carrier bandwidth.
Noise Power: the total power of the selected noise bandwidth.
Measurement Parameter: Carrier BW, Noise BW, Freq Oset.
1. Carrier BW
Set the bandwidth of the carrier to be measured.
Table 2-40 Carrier BW
Parameter Explanation
Default 3 MHz
Range 100 Hz - (2*span - 2*|Freq Oset| - Noise BW)
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Carrier BW /10, the minimum is 1 Hz
Direction Key Step In 1-1.5-2-3-5-7.5 Sequence
2. Noise BW
Set the bandwidth of the noise to be measured.
Table 2-41 Noise BW
Parameter Explanation
Default 3 MHz
Range 100 Hz - (2*span - 2*|Freq Oset| - Carrier BW)
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Noise BW /10, the minimum is 1 Hz
Direction Key Step In 1-1.5-2-3-5-7.5 Sequence
3. Freq Oset
Set the dierence between carrier center frequency and noise center frequency.
Table 2-42 Freq Oset
Parameter Explanation
Default 3 MHz
Range -(span - (Carrier BW + Noise BW) /2) -
(span - (Carrier BW + Noise BW) /2)
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Freq Oset /10, the minimum is 1 Hz
Direction Key Step In 1-1.5-2-3-5-7.5 Sequence
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2.4.2.8 Harmonics
Figure 2-19 Harmonics
Measurement Results: each harmonic amplitude and total harmonic distortion of the carrier signal. The
measurement can measure up to 10th harmonic.
Measurement Parameter:
1. Fundamental
Set the frequency of the fundamental waveform.
If the automatic mode is turned on, the fundamental waveform will be automatically found from the first
scan.
If the automatic mode is turned off, the user can input the fundamental frequency manually.
2. Freq Step
Set the harmonic step. In auto mode, the frequency of a harmonic is a multiple of the fundamental
frequency.
3. Harmonic Num
Set the total number of the harmonics to be measured.
Table 2-43 Harmonic Num
Parameter
Explanation
Default 10
Range 2 - 10
Unit None
Knob Step 1
Direction Key Step 1
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4. Select Harmonic
When "All" is selected, the trace shows the fundamental waveform and all harmonics in the
sweep bandwidth.
When 1-10 is selected, the trace shows a zero span trace corresponding to the fundamental waveform
or the measured harmonic.
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Chapter 3 Vector Network Analyzer
This chapter introduces in detail the function keys and menu functions of the front panel under the
Vector Network Analyzer Mode.
Subjects in this chapter:
Basic Settings
Sweep and Functions
Marker
Measurement
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3.1 Basic Settings
3.1.1 Frequency
3.1.1.1 Center Freq
Set the center frequency of the current sweep.
Modifying the center frequency will modify both the start frequency and stop frequency when the span
is constant (except when the start frequency or stop frequency reaches the boundary).
Table 3-1 Center Frequency
Parameter
Default 755 MHz
Range 10.00005 MHz - 1.49999995 GHz
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Span/200, min 1 Hz
Direction Key Step Span/10, min 1 Hz
Related to Start Freq, Stop Freq
Explanation
[1]
[2]
3.1.1.2 Start Freq
Set the start frequency of the current sweep. The start and stop frequencies are displayed at the bottom
of the grid respectively.
Table 3-2 Start Freq
Parameter
Default 10 MHz
Range 10 MHz - 1.4999999 GHz
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Explanation
[3]
[4]
Knob Step Span/200, min 1 Hz
Direction Key Step Span/10, min 1 Hz
Related to Center Freq, Stop Freq
3.1.1.3 Stop Freq
Set the start frequency of the current sweep. The start and stop frequencies are displayed at the bottom
of the grid respectively.
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Table 3-3 Stop Freq
Parameter
Default 1.5 GHz
Range 10.0001 MHz - 1.5 GHz
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Span/200, min 1 Hz
Direction Key Step Span/10, min 1 Hz
Related to Start Freq, Center Freq
Note:
[1] - [6] Dierent models have dierent values. Please refer to the T3VNA Data Sheet.
Explanation
[5]
[6]
3.1.2 Span
Switch to the Span Settings menu by pressing Span on the front panel. When entering the span menu,
the “Span” is selected by default. Any change of this parameter will affect the frequency parameters
and restart the sweep.
3.1.2.1 Span
Set the frequency range of the current sweep.
The start and stop frequency vary with the span when the center frequency is constant.
In vector network analysis mode, the minimum sweep span is 100 Hz, and zero span cannot be
set.
When the span is set to the maximum, the analyzer enters full sweep mode.
Table 3-4 Span
Parameter Explanation
Default Full Span
Range 100 Hz - Full Span
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Span/200, min 1 Hz
Direction Key Step In 1-2-5 sequence
Related to Start Freq, Center Freq, Stop Freq
3.1.2.2 Full Span
Set the span of the analyzer to the maximum available frequency span.
3.1.2.3 Last Span
Set the span to the previous span setting.
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3.1.3 Amplitude
Set the amplitude parameters of the analyzer. Through modifying these parameters, signals under
measurement can be displayed in a proper mode for easier observation and minimum error.
3.1.3.1 Auto Scale
Automatically adjust the grid scale and reference level of the currently selected trace to optimize the
trace display.
3.1.3.2 Auto Scale All
Automatically adjust the grid scale and reference level of all display traces to optimize the display of
traces.
After setting “Auto Scale All”, the grid scale and reference level of dierent traces may be dierent.
In the left status bar of the screen, the grid scale and reference level of each trace are displayed
below the trace mark.
3.1.3.3 Scale
Set the vertical scale of each grid to adjust the range of amplitude that can currently be displayed. This
value is also displayed in the left status bar of the screen.
Table 3-5 Scale/Div
Parameter Explanation
Default 10 dB
Range 0.1 dB - 1000 dB
Unit dB
Knob Step 0.1 dB - 1 dB, step = 0.01 dB
1 dB - 10 dB, step = 0.1 dB
10 dB - 100 dB, step = 1 dB
100 dB - 1000 dB, step = 10 dB
Direction Key Step In 1-2-5 sequence
3.1.3.4 Ref Level
Set the reference level to indicate the minimum value that the current grid can display. This value is
also displayed in the left status bar of the screen.
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Table 3-6 Ref Level
Parameter Explanation
Default 0 dB
Range -1000 dB - 1000 dB
Unit dB
Knob Step 1 dB
Direction Key Step 10 dB
3.1.3.5 Ref Position
The vertical position of the currently selected trace in the screen can be adjusted by adjusting the
reference position.
When set to 5, the reference level of the trace is in the middle of the screen, 0 is at the bottom of the
screen grid, and 10 is at the top of the screen grid.
Table 3-7 Ref Position
Parameter Explanation
Default 5 Div
Range 0 Div - 10 Div
Unit Div
Knob Step 1 Div
Direction Key Step 1 Div
3.2 Sweep and Functions
3.2.1 BW
3.2.1.1 IFBW
The VNA converts the received signal from its source to a lower intermediate frequency (IF).Reducing
the IF receiver bandwidth reduces the eect of random noise on a measurement.However, narrower IF
bandwidths cause longer sweep times.
The default value 10 kHz.
3.2.2 Trace
3.2.2.1 Select Trace
Select the trace in order to set the corresponding trace parameters. You can also select the trace by
clicking on the trace mark displayed in the left status bar of the screen. By default, track 1 is selected
and opened.
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When the trace is selected, the background color will appear on the trace mark of the left status bar on
the screen.
The number of traces that can be selected is affected by the "Num of Traces" parameter. For
example, if you set the "Num of Traces" to 3, traces 1 through 3 can be selected.
3.2.2.2 Num of Traces
Set the upper limit of displayed trace numbers. Up to four traces can be displayed simultaneously in the
screen window.
3.2.2.3 Display
Set the display content of the currently selected trace:
Data
Only display the measured data.
Memory
Only display the memory trace. A [M] icon is displayed in the left status bar of the screen.
Data & Mem
Display both the measured data and the memory trace. A [D&M] icon is displayed in the left status
bar of the screen.
Trace O
Neither the measured data nor the memory trace is displayed.
“Data -> Mem” operation is needed before trace can display memory data. If “Data -> Mem” is not
performed first, the two options of “Memory” and “Data & Mem” are grey and not optional.
3.2.2.4 Data -> Mem
Store the measured data in memory.
After "Data -> Mem" is executed, the selected trace for which measured data is displayed is provided
with an additional trace, called a memory trace, that temporarily stores measured data.
When selecting the trace to display "Memory" or "Data & Mem", the memory trace is displayed in the
screen. The memory trace is slightly thinner than the data trace.
Memory trace can be used as a reference for the data trace.
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Figure 3-1 data trace & memory trace
3.2.2.5 Trace Hold
1. Max
Retain the maximum level for each point of the selected trace. Update the data if a new maximum level
is detected in successive sweeps.
2. Min
Display the minimum value from multiple sweeps for each point of the trace and update the data if a
new minimum is generated in successive sweeps.
3. O
Erases any data previously stored in the selected trace, and display the data sampled in real-time of
each point on the trace.
4. Restart
When select max or min trace hold, the operation “Restart” can empty the trace data and restart the
max or min trace hold.
3.2.2.6 Math
After "Data -> Mem" is executed, you can perform complex data math between the memory trace and
measured data.
The following data math operations are available:
1. Data/Mem
Divide the measured data by the data in the memory trace. This function can be used to evaluate the
ratio of two traces (e.g., evaluating gain or attenuation).
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2. Data*Mem
Multiply the measured data by a memory trace.
3. Data-Mem
Subtract a memory trace from the measured data. This function can be used, for example, to subtract a
vector error that has been measured and stored (e.g., directivity) from data subsequently measured on
a device.
4. Data+Mem
Add the measured data and the data in the memory trace.
5. O
Turn off the math operations.
"Data -> Mem" must be performed first to select math operations.
Trace math operations are mutually exclusive, that is, when a math function is applied to a trace,
the last selected math function will be turned off.
3.2.2.7 Average
Turn on or off the average function of traces, and set the average times.
More averages can reduce the noise and the influence of other random signals; thus highlighting the
stable signal characteristics. The larger the averages times is, the smoother the trace will be.
Table 3-8 Average Times
Parameter Explanation
Default 100
Range 1 - 999
Unit N/A
Knob Step 1
Direction Key Step 10
3.2.3 Sweep
3.2.3.1 Points
The number of points is the number of data items collected in one sweep.
To obtain a higher trace resolution against the stimulus value, choose a larger value for number of
points.
To obtain higher throughput, keep the number of points to a smaller value within an allowable trace
resolution.
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To obtain higher measurement accuracy after calibration, perform calibration using the same
number of points as in actual measurements.
Table 3-9 Points
Parameter Explanation
Default 201
Range 101 - 751
Unit N/A
Knob Step 1
Direction Key Step 50
3.2.3.2 Sweep
Set the sweep mode in single or continuous, the default is continuous.
1. Single
Set the sweep mode to “Single”. Every time the “Single” key is pressed, a sweep is performed.
2. Continue
Set the sweep mode to “Continue”. In continuous sweep mode, the system will automatically enter into
next sweep directly after each sweep.
3.2.4 TG
Set the signal amplitude of [PORT 1] output.
3.3 Marker
3.3.1 Marker
The marker can be used in the following ways:
Reading a measured value as numerical data (as an absolute value or a relative value from the
reference point).
Moving the marker to a specific point on the trace (marker search).
Analyzing trace data to determine a specific parameter.
The analyzer is capable of displaying up to 4 markers including the reference marker on each trace.
Each marker has a stimulus value (the value on the X-axis in rectangular display format) and one or
two response value (the value on the Y-axis in rectangular display format). The Smith chart and polar
formats each have two marker response values (log amplitude and phase). And the Phase format has
two marker response values (phase and expanded phase) as well.
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3.3.1.1 Select Trace
The same function as in Trace -> “Select Trace”, please refer to section 3.2.2.1.
3.3.1.2 Select Marker
Select one of the four markers. The default is Marker1. When a marker is selected, you can set its type,
trace to be marked and other related parameters. The enabled marker will appear on the trace selected
through the Select Trace option and the readouts of this marker are also displayed in the active
function area and at the upper right corner of the screen.
The current active marker is a filling diamond mark, while the non-active marker is an unlled
diamond mark. On the left side of the current active marker in the upper right corner of the screen,
the ">" sign appears.
When marker R is opened, whether it is currently active or not, the upper right corner of the screen
will display its reading.
Figure 3-2 Marker
3.3.1.3 Normal
The same function as in Marker -> “Normal” in Spectrum Analyzer Mode, please refer to section
2.3.1.3.
3.3.1.4 Delta
The same function as in Marker -> “Delta” in Spectrum Analyzer Mode, please refer to section 2.3.1.4.
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3.3.1.5 O
The same function as in Marker -> “Off” in Spectrum Analyzer Mode, please refer to section 2.3.1.6.
3.3.1.6 Discrete
Turning on discrete mode, a marker moves only between actual measurement points. When a specific
marker stimulus value is specified as a numerical value, the marker is placed at the measurement point
closest to the specified value. A marker placed between the interpolated points with the discrete mode
off automatically moves to the nearest measurement point when the discrete mode is turned on.
Turning off discrete mode, the marker can move from one actual measurement point to another.
Because it is interpolated, it can also move in the space between measurement points.
3.3.1.7 Couple
When Marker Couple is on, Markers are set up and moved in coupled operation on all traces.
When Marker Couple is off, Markers are set up and moved independently from each trace.
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Figure 3-3 Marker Couple is ON
Figure 3-4 Marker Couple is OFF
3.3.1.8 All O
Turn off all the markers of all traces.
3.3.2 Peak
3.3.2.1 Select Trace
The same function as in Trace -> “Select Trace”, please refer to section 3.2.2.1.
3.3.2.2 Select Marker
The same function as in Marker -> “Select Marker”, please refer to section 3.3.1.2.
3.3.2.3 Peak
Search the greatest measured value of the trace.
3.3.2.4 Valley
Search the smallest measured value of the trace.
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3.4 Measurement
3.4.1 Stimulus
Set the stimulus conditions, including the sweep range and the number of points. In Frequency, Span
and Sweep menu, there are corresponding settings parameters.
3.4.2 Meas
Select S11 or S21 as the current measurement item. This value is also displayed in the status bar on
the left side of the screen.
3.4.3 Format
Set the display type of measurement result, enter “Format” submenu, and select the corresponding
display type. This value is also displayed in the status bar on the left side of the screen.
1. Log Mag
The trace represents the logarithmic magnitude of the measurement result, unit: dB.
2. Phase
The trace represents the phase of the measurement result, displayed in range from -180 ° to +180 °, as
well as the expanded phase, can be displayed above +180 ° and below -180 °. Unit: degrees (°).
3. Group Delay
The trace represents the transmission delay of the signal through the DUT. Unit: seconds (s).
4. Smith
The Smith chart format is used to display impedances based on the reflection measurement data of the
DUT. In this format, traces are plotted at the same spots as in the polar format. The Smith chart format
allows users to select one of the following five data groups for displaying the marker response values.
Linear magnitude and phase (°)
Log magnitude and phase (°)
Real and imaginary parts
Resistance (ohm), Reactance (ohm), and inductance (H) or capacitance (F)
Conductance (S), susceptance (S), and capacitance (F) or inductance (H)
5. Polar
In the polar format, traces are drawn by expressing the magnitude as a displacement from the origin
(linear) and phase in an angle counterclockwise from the positive X-axis. This data format does not
have a stimulus axis, so frequencies must be read by using the marker. The polar format allows users
to select one of the following three data groups for displaying the marker response values.
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Linear magnitude and phase (°)
Log magnitude and phase (°)
Real and imaginary parts
6. Lin Mag
The trace represents the linear magnitude of the measurement result, units: 1.
7. SWR
The trace represents (1+p) / (1-p), where ρ is the reflection coeicient, units: 1.
3.4.4 Scale
Press the “Scale” key to open the Amplitude menu.
3.4.5 Trace
Press the “Trace” key to open the Trace menu.
3.4.6 Calibration
Set calibration related items. The calibration status is displayed in the upper left corner of the screen.
The calibration status and display are as follows:
No calibration data --- (displayed in gray)
Calibrated Cor (displayed in blue)
Correction O Off (displayed in gray)
Need to re-calibrate C? (displayed in blue)
Note: The calibration status is shown as “C?” which indicates that the scan frequency range is dierent
from the time of calibration. Users need to re-calibrate in the current scan frequency range.
When performing calibration, the calibration wizard pops up. Please follow the calibration wizard to
perform calibration. After completing the calibration step, the calibration data is automatically saved as
user calibration data. Turn on the calibration switch and the error correction function will be enabled.
Figure 3-5 Calibration Wizard
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3.4.6.1 Correction
Turn the calibration on or off.
3.4.6.2 Calibrate
1. 1-Port Cal
Calibrate with the specified physical calibration kit, with connections of an OPEN standard, a
SHORT standard, and a LOAD standard to the [Port 1]. This calibration effectively eliminates the
frequency response reflection tracking error, directivity error, and source match error from the test
setup in a reflection test using that port.
This function is only available when the measurement item is S11.
Calibration data is saved as user calibration data.
2. Response Through
When operating, connect the port 1 and port 2 of the analyzer with an optional Through Adapter. The
normalization operation moves the measurement reference plane to both ends of the Through Adapter.
This function is only available when the measurement item is S21. Enter the normalized submenu to
make the appropriate selection.
3.4.6.4 Cal Kit
Specify the calibration kit used for mechanical calibration.
Supplied Calibration Kit:Type-N 50Ω 4.5 GHz Cal Kit (Calibration Kit supplied with the T3VNA)
85032F:Type-N 50Ω 9 GHz Cal Kit (KeySight)
85032B/E
User
Before executing calibration, you need to select a calibration kit.
If you use a calibration kit other than a predefined one, you need to define it. If the connector type of the
standard of the calibration kit you use has polarity (the distinction between male and female), you need
to change the standard class definition of the calibration kit depending on the standard you actually
use.
3.4.6.5 Port Extensions
When extending the calibrated plane to other planes (i.e. port extension) instead of the standard
calibration process, the port extension function can be used to compensate for the delay (phase shift)
caused by fixtures and other possible losses.
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1. Extensions
Port extensions mathematically compensate data for any known phase shift/delay and amplitude errors
caused by xtures or additional circuit elements that cannot be removed by calibration. Common
examples include test xturing that is required to use a particular circuit element or device.
When port extensions are enabled, the “P” icon will be displayed near the calibration status in the upper-
left portion of the screen. The default setting is Close (o).
2. Delay Port1
Set the delay of Port1 extension.
The relationship between Port Delay and Port Length is as follows:
Port Length = Port Delay * c0 * Velocity Factor, where c0=299792458m/s
3. Length Port1
Set the length of Port1 extension.
4. Delay Port2
Set the delay of Port2 extension.
5. Length Port2
Set the length of Port2 extension.
6. Auto Open Port1
Automatically calculate the delay and length of Port1.
3.4.6.6 System Z0
Set the System characteristic impedance (Z0).
3.4.6.7 Velocity Factor
Set the velocity factor of the cable to be measured relative to the speed of light in vacuum. Make sure
that the velocity factor of the cable to be measured conforms to the reality.
Table 3-10 Velocity Factor
Parameter
Default 0.66
Range 0.1 - 1
Explanation
Unit N/A
Knob Step 0.01
Direction Key Step In 1-2-5 sequence
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Chapter 4 Distance-To-Fault Mode
This chapter introduces in detail the function keys and menu functions of the front panel under the
Distance-To-Fault Mode.
4.1 Measurement
4.1.1 Disp Mode
Entering "Disp Mode" sub-menu, then choose from the following three types of display. This value is
also displayed in the status bar on the left side of the screen.
Return Loss
VSWR
Reflection Coefficient
All three forms reflect the matching condition of the entire cable.
Table 4-1 Return Loss (RL), VSWR, and Reflection Coefficient ( )
Parameter Conversion relationship
RL
VSWR
4.1.2 Start Distance
Set the starting distance for DTF.
The range of this distance is limited by the minimum resolution.
Table 4-2 Start Distance
Parameter Explanation
Default 0.00 m
Range 0.00 m - (Stop Distance – 0.2) m
Unit m, feet
Knob Step 0.1 m
Direction Key Step In 1-2-5 sequence(Unit: m)
4.1.3 Stop Distance
Set the stopping distance for DTF.
The range of this distance is limited by the velocity factor and is proportional to the velocity factor.
When the velocity factor is 1, the length that can be measured is the maximum.
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Selecting the appropriate frequency span (= start freq – stop freq) is not as obvious as it may seem.
The resolution and maximum distance range are dependent upon the span, the number of frequency
data points and the velocity factor of the cable. Therefore, the frequency span must be chosen
carefully.
There is a constraint that limits the frequency range:
Maximum Distance (meters) =
The wider the span is, the smaller the maximum distance that can be measured. In another words, long
distance measurements require small span settings.
Meanwhile, there is also a relationship between resolution and the span.
Resolution (meters) =
The wider the span, the smaller the resolution; wider frequency sweeps improve the resolution of DTF
measurements.
Table 4-3 Stop Distance
Parameter Explanation
Default 34.00 m
Range 0.2 m - 34.00 m
Unit m, feet
Knob Step 0.1 m
Direction Key Step In 1-2-5 sequence(Unit: m)
7.68 x 1010x velocity factor
Start freq - stop freq (Hz)
1.5 x 108x velocity factor
Start freq - stop freq (Hz)
4.1.4 Unit
Set the display units for the fault point distance, including the following two units. This value is also
displayed in the status bar on the left side of the screen.
Meter
Feet
The default unit is "Meter".
4.1.5 Velocity Factor
Set the velocity factor of the cable to be measured with respect to the speed of light in a vacuum. Make
sure that the velocity factor of the cable to be measured matches the actual value. Otherwise, the
position of the positioning point obtained from the measurement does not meet the actual
requirements.
This value is also displayed in the status bar on the left side of the screen.
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Table 4-4 Velocity Factor
Parameter Explanation
Default 0.66
Range 0.1 - 1
Unit N/A
Knob Step 0.01
Direction Key Step In 1-2-5 sequence
4.1.6 Cable Atten
Set the attenuation factor of the cable-under-test. It is used to compensate the amplitude of peaks in
dierent positions. The DTF calculates the peaks by the final receiving data which has been attenuated
by the cable, thus the amplitude of peaks cannot show exactly where the mismatch position is. So the
cable atten is used to compensate by length.
Table 4-5 Cable Atten
Parameter Explanation
Default 0.00 dB/m
Range 0.00 dB/m - 5.00 dB/m
Unit dB/m
4.1.7 Window
Set the window function used in DTF.
The use of a non-rectangular window function can improve the side lobe effect of the analysis. The
vertical axis is more accurate, but the horizontal axis resolution is reduced.
In the sub-menu, the following three settings can be selected.
O
Rectangular
Hamming
The default state is "Off"; this value is also displayed in the status bar on the left side of the screen.
Table 4-6 Window function properties
Win-type Expression Main lobe width
Rectangular
Hamming
4.1.8 Calibration
Set calibration related items. The calibration status is displayed in the upper left corner of the screen.
The calibration status and display are as follows:
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No calibration data --- (displayed in gray)
Calibrated Cor (displayed in blue)
Need to re-calibrate C? (displayed in blue)
Note: The calibration status is shown as “C?” which indicates that the scan frequency range is dierent
from the time of calibration. Users need to re-calibrate in the current scan frequency range.
1. Correction
Turn on or off the calibration.
2. Calibrate
Calibrating with the specified mechanical calibration requires three loads: open, short, and match.
Calibration data is saved as user calibration data.
3. Cal kit
Specify the calibration kit used for mechanical calibration.
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Chapter 5 Modulation Analyzer
This chapter introduces in detail the function keys and menu functions of the front panel under the
Modulation Analyzer Mode.
This mode enables modulation analysis of incoming signals. Modulation types are as follows:
AM analog modulation
FM analog modulation
ASK digital modulation
FSK digital modulation
2FSK, 4FSK, 8FSK, 16FSK
MSK digital modulation
PSK digital modulation
BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, DBPSK, DQPSK, D8PSK, Pi/4 DQPSK, Pi/8 D8PSK, OQPSK
QAM digital modulation
16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, 256QAM
Meas menu may be dierent in dierent modulation types.
The modulation type can be re-selected by pressing the Meas key.
Subjects in this chapter:
Basic Settings
Measurement
Sweep and Functions
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5.1 Basic Settings
5.1.1 Frequency
Switch to the Frequency Settings menu by pressing Frequency on the front panel. When entering the
frequency menu, the “Center Freq” is selected by default.
5.1.1.1 Center Freq
Set the modulated carrier frequency.
Table 5-1 Center Freq
Parameter Explanation
Default 100 MHz
Range Full Span
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Freq Step/10
Direction Key Step Freq Step
5.1.1.2 Freq Step
Setting the value of Freq Step will change the direction key step and knob step of the center frequency.
Table 5-2 Freq Step
Parameter Explanation
Default 10 kHz
Range 1 Hz - 100 MHz
Unit GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz
Knob Step Freq Step/10, min 1 Hz
Direction Key Step In 1-2-5 sequence
5.2 Measurement
5.2.1 Digital Modulation Analysis
When ASK, FSK, MSK, PSK or QAM modulation type is selected, digital modulation analysis is carried
out.
5.2.1.1 Format
Select the modulation format.
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5.2.1.2 Symbol Rate
Set the symbol rate of the signal to be analyzed. Press Meas Setup, then select "Symbol Rate", you
can input the symbol rate and change the symbol rate by the knob.
Table 5-3 Symbol Rate
Parameter Explanation
Default 10 ksps
Range 1 ksps - 2.5 Msps
Unit Msps, ksps, sps
Knob Step Symbol Rate/10
Direction Key Step In 1-2-5 sequence
5.2.1.3 Points/Symbol
Set the points/symbol of the modulated signal.
5.2.1.4 Meas Length
Set the number of symbols which will be used in calculating the measurement. As the length is longer,
the range for statistics is bigger, and the measure time is longer.
Table 5-4 Meas Length
Parameter Explanation
Default 128
Range 16 - 4096
Unit 1
Knob Step 1
Direction Key Step Current value of Meas Length
5.2.1.5 Filter Setup
After entering into the "Filter Setup" sub-menu, you can choose the relative parameters of filters.
1. Measure Filter
Sqrt Nyquist
Nyquist
Gauss
Half Sine
O
2. Reference Filter
Sqrt Nyquist
Nyquist
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Gauss
Half Sine
O
Note: The rule of common lter type selected
Transmitter Filter Measure Filter Reference Filter
Sqrt Nyquist Sqrt Nyquist Nyquist
Nyquist O Nyquist
Gauss O Gauss
Half Sine O Half Sine
3. Filter Alpha/BT
For Sqrt Nyquist and Nyquist filter settings, you can set the alpha parameter. It can be set the
same as the transmitter.
For a Gauss filter, use the BT parameter. It can be set the same as the transmitter.
Table 5-5 Filter Parameter
Parameter Explanation
Default 0.35
Range 0 - 1
Unit 1
Knob Step 0.01
Direction Key Step 0.1
4. Filter Length
Set the symbols number of the filter selected. It can be set the same as the transmitter.
Table 5-6 Filter Length
Parameter Explanation
Default 64
Range 2 - 128
Unit 1
Knob Step 1
Direction Key Step 5
5.2.1.6 Statistic
1. Statistic
Turn on the statistical function, the measurement result will show the maximum and minimum of
statistics. Turn off the statistical function, the measurement result will only show the real-time
measurement value. Statistical function is turned off by default.
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2. Avg
Open and close the average option for the measurement result. It can set the average number. When
the Avg Number is set to off, the column title "Average" in numerical results view will be changed to
"Current". The "Average" measurement result will be stable if the average number is set to larger
values.
Table 5-7 Avg Number
Parameter Explanation
Default 10
Range 1 - 1000
Unit 1
Knob Step 1
Direction Key Step 10
3. Restart Meas
After this function is performed, the statistics will be cleared and restarted. If the average function is
turned on, the average calculation of measurement results will be cleared and restarted as well.
5.2.1.7 Trace
The displayed data and format in the measurement windows can be set in Trace menu.
1. Select Trace
Select the trace in order to set the corresponding trace parameters. You can also select the trace by
clicking on the trace mark displayed in the left status bar of the screen.
2. Num of Traces
Set the upper limit of displayed trace numbers. Up to four traces can be displayed simultaneously in the
screen window.
3. Layout
Select the layout of the screen windows. The layout types are as follows:
Single
Stacked 2
Grid 1,2
Grid 2x2
4. Data
Select the displayed data of the trace.
5. Format
Select the displayed format of the trace.
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6. Copy to
Copy the currently selected trace to another trace.
7. Properties
Eye Length
Set the length of the Eye diagram.
Symbol Table
Display the demodulation digital symbols (binary or hex).
5.2.2 Analog Modulation Analysis
When AM or FM modulation type is selected, analog modulation analysis is carried out.
5.2.2.1 IFBW
After entering into the mode AM or FM modulation analysis, set the intermediate frequency bandwidth
(IFBW).
Press Meas Setup, you can set the "IFBW" again.
It specifies the IFBW of the signal to be analyzed. The measurement accuracy will be impacted if this
value isn't set precisely. The IFBW should be as narrow as possible to improve the S/N ratio.
For AM modulation analysis, the IFBW should be larger than twice the modulation frequency. For FM
modulation analysis, the IFBW should be larger than twice the sum of the deviation frequency and the
modulation frequency.
Table 5-8 IFBW
Parameter Explanation
Default 1.2 MHz
Range 1.2 MHz, 960 kHz, 600 kHz, 480 kHz, 300 kHz,
240 kHz, 120 kHz, 96 kHz, 60 kHz
Unit MHz, kHz
Knob Step Change to the next enumeration value
Direction Key Step Change to the next enumeration value
5.2.2.2 EqLPF
After entering into the mode AM modulation analysis or FM modulation analysis, set the equivalent low
pass filter (EqLFP).
Press Meas Setup, you can set the "EqLFP" again.
It specifies the EqLPF bandwidth of the signal to be analyzed. The measurement accuracy will be
impacted if this value isn't set precisely. The EqLPF is an additional low pass filter. It can conveniently
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measure the lower modulation frequency signal. The EqLPF bandwidth should be as narrow as
possible to improve the S/N ratio, but also need to be larger than the modulation frequency.
Table 5-9 EqLPF
Parameter Explanation
Default IFBW/6
Range Off, IFBW/6, IFBW/20, IFBW/60, IFBW/200, IFBW/600, IFBW/2000
Unit
kHz、Hz
5.2.2.3 Average
Open and close the average option for the measurement result. It can set the average number. When
the Avg Number is set to off, the column title "Average" in numerical results view will be changed to
"Current". The "Average" measurement result will be stable if the average number is set to larger
values.
Table 5-10 Avg Number
Parameter Parameter
Default 10
Range 1 - 1000
Unit 1
Knob Step 1
Direction Key Step 10
5.2.2.4 Restart Meas
After this function is performed, the statistics will be cleared and restarted. If the average function is
turned on, the average calculation of measurement results will be cleared and restarted as well.
5.3 Sweep and Functions
5.3.1 Trigger
Press Trigger to open the menu. The analyzer will begin a sweep only when the selected trigger
conditions are met. A trigger event is defined as the point at which your trigger source signal meets the
specified trigger level.
Free Run: New sweep starts as soon as possible after the current sweep ends.
RF Trigger: Activates the trigger condition that starts the next sweep if the detected RF envelops
voltage rises to a level set by the RF trigger level.
External: The trigger event is the rising or falling edge of the external trigger signal.
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5.3.2 Sweep
Select "single" or "continue" type for sweep. Press Sweep in the menu. When "single" sweep type is
selected a new sweep will take place immediately after the ‘single’ sweep button is pressed if the
sweep trigger event is met. The sweep will not take place if the trigger event is not met.
Single Sweep
Continue Sweep
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