Teledyne Lecroy HDO4000, HDO4000A Operator's Manual

Operator's Manual

HDO4000 / HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Unauthorized duplication of Teledyne LeCroy, Inc. documentation materials other than for internal sales and distribution purposes is strictly prohibited. However, clients are encouraged to duplicate and distribute Teledyne LeCroy, Inc. documentation for their own internal educational purposes.

HDO and Teledyne LeCroy, Inc. are trademarks of Teledyne LeCroy, Inc., Inc. Other product or brand names are trademarks or requested trademarks of their respective holders. Information in this publication supersedes all earlier versions. Specifications are subject to change without notice.

922498 Rev D May 2017

Contents

Safety 1

Symbols 1 Precautions 1 Operating Environment 2 Cooling 2 Cleaning 2 Power 3

Oscilloscope Overview 5

Front of Oscilloscope 5 Side of Oscilloscope 6 Back of Oscilloscope 7 Front Panel 8 Signal Interfaces 11

Oscilloscope Set Up 13

Powering On/Off 13 Software Activation 13 Connecting to Other Devices/Systems 14 Language Selection 16

Using MAUI 17

Touch Screen 17 OneTouch Help 24 Working With Traces 31 Zooming 35 Print/Screen Capture 37

Acquisition 39

Auto Setup 39 Viewing Status 40 Vertical 40 Digital (Mixed Signal) 44 Timebase 48 Trigger 55

Display 65

Display Set Up 66 Persistence Display 68

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Math and Measure 71

Cursors 71 Measure 74 Math 82 Memory 94

Analysis Tools 96

WaveScan 96 Pass/Fail Testing 101

Saving Data (File Functions) 103

Save 103 Auto Save 108 Recall 109 LabNotebook 111 Report Generator 116 Share 117 Print 118 Email & Report Settings 119 Using the File Browser 120

Utilities 123

Utilities Dialog 123 Status 123 Remote Control 124 Auxiliary Output 126 Date/Time 127 Options 128 Disk Utilities 129 Preferences Settings 130 Calibration 131 Acquisition 132 Color 133 Miscellaneous 134

Maintenance 135

Touch Screen Calibration 135 Restart/Reboot Instrument 135 Firmware Update 136 Technical Support 137 Returning a Product for Service 138

Certifications 139

EMC Compliance 139 Safety Compliance 140 Environmental Compliance 141 ISO Certification 141 Warranty 142 Intellectual Property 142 Windows License Agreement 142

Index 143

iii

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Welcome

Thank you for purchasing a Teledyne LeCroy High Definition Oscilloscope. We're certain you'll be pleased with the detailed features unique to our instruments.

Take a moment to verify that all items on the packing list or invoice copy have been shipped to you. Contact your nearest Teledyne LeCroy customer service center or national distributor if anything is missing or damaged. We can only be responsible for replacement if you contact usimmediately.

We truly hope you enjoy using Teledyne LeCroy's fine products.

Sincerely,

David C. Graef

Vice President and General Manager, Oscilloscopes

Teledyne LeCroy

About This Manual

This manual covers the operation and maintenance of all instruments in the HDO4000 series. With the introduction of later versionsof the 64-bit MAUI software, particularly version 8.3 and later, the graphical user interface on some instruments looked very different from what was offered on earlier instruments and included different touch screen capabilities.

In particular, HDO4000 non-"A" models may look somewhat different than what isshown in this manual (HDO4000A is shown here).

Despite the difference in appearance, however, the functionality is the same unless otherwise stated. Where there are differences or limitations in capabilities, these are explained in the text.

Documentation for using optionalpackages sold for Teledyne LeCroy instruments can be downloaded from teledynelecroy.com/support/techlib. Our website maintains the most current product specifications and should be checked for frequent updates.

Safety

To maintain the instrument in a correct and safe condition, observe generally accepted safety procedures in addition to the precautions specified in this section. The overall safety of any system incorporating this product is the responsibility of the assembler of the system.

Symbols

These symbols appear on the instrument or in documentation to alert you to important safety concerns:

Caution of potential damage to instrument or Warning of potential bodily injury. Do not proceed until

the information isfully understood and conditions are met.

Caution, high voltage; risk of electric shock or burn.

Caution, contains parts/assemblies susceptible to damage by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD).

Frame or chassisterminal (ground connection).

Alternating current.

Standby power (front of instrument).

Precautions

Caution: Comply with the following to avoid personal injury or damage to your equipment.

Use indoors only within the operational environment listed. Do not use in wet or explosive atmospheres.

Maintain ground. This product is grounded through the power cord grounding conductor. To avoid electric shock, connect only to a grounded mating outlet.

Connect and disconnect properly. Do not connect/disconnect probes, test leads, or cables while they are connected to a live voltage source.

Observe all terminal ratings. Do not apply a voltage to any input that exceeds the maximum rating of that input. Refer to the body of the instrument for maximum input ratings.

Use only power cord shipped with this instrument and certified for the country of use.

Keep product surfaces clean and dry. See Cleaning.

Do not remove the covers or inside parts. Refer all maintenance to qualified service personnel.

Execise care when lifting. Use the built-in carrying handle.

Do not operate with suspected failures. Do not use the product if any part isdamaged. Obviously incorrect measurement behaviors (such as failure to calibrate) might indicate hazardouslive electrical quantities. Cease operation immediately and secure the instrument from inadvertent use.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Operating Environment

Temperature: 5 to 40° C.

Humidity: Maximum relative humidity 90 % for temperatures up to 31° C, decreasing linearly to 50% relative humidity at 40° C.

Altitude: Up to 3,000 m at or below 30° C.

Cooling

The instrument relies on forced air cooling with internal fans and vents. Take care to avoid restricting the airflow to any part. In a benchtop configuration, leave a minimum of 15 cm (6 inches) around the sides between the instrument and the nearest object. The feet provide adequate bottom clearance. Follow rackmount instructionsfor proper rack spacing.

Caution: Do not block the cooling vents.

The instrument also has internal fan control circuitry that regulates the fan speed based on the ambient temperature. This is performed automatically after start-up.

Cleaning

Clean only the exterior of the instrument using a soft cloth moistened with water or an isopropylalcohol solution. Do not use harsh chemicals or abrasive elements. Under no circumstances submerge the instrument or allow moisture to penetrate it. Dry the instrument thoroughly before connecting a live voltage source.

Caution: Unplug the power cord from the AC inlet before cleaning to avoid electric shock. Do not attempt to clean internal parts. Refer all maintenance to qualified service personnel.

Safety

Power

AC Power

The instrument operates from a single-phase, 100-240 Vrms(± 10%) AC power source at 50/60 Hz (± 5%) or a 100-120 Vrms (± 10%) AC power source at 400 Hz (± 5%). Manual voltage selection is not required because the instrument automatically adapts to the line voltage.

Power Consumption

Maximum power consumption with all accessories installed (e.g., active probes, USB peripherals, digital leadset) is 300 W (300 VA) for four-channel modelsand 250 W (250 VA) for two-channel models. Power consumption in Standby mode is 4 W.

Ground

The AC inlet ground is connected directly to the frame of the instrument. For adequate protection again electric shock, connect to a mating outlet with a safety ground contact.

Caution: Use only the power cord provided with your instrument. Interrupting the protective conductor (inside or outside the case), or disconnecting the safety ground terminal, creates a hazardous situation. Intentionalinterruption is prohibited.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Oscilloscope Overview

Front of Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Overview

A. Touch screen display

B. Front panel

C. Stylus holder

D. Power button

E. Channel inputs (C1-4)

F. Ext input

G. Mixed-Signal interface

H. Ground and Calibration output

terminals

I. USB ports

J. Feet rotated back and tilted

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Side of Oscilloscope

A. DVI, VGA, and HDMI ports for external

monitor

B. USB 2.0 ports (4)

C. Ethernet ports (2) for connecting to LAN or

remote control

D. Audio In/Out (mic, speaker, and line-in) for

connecting external audio devices

E. Feet rotated back and flat

Back of Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope Overview

A. Built-in carrying handle

B. Aux Out

C. Ref In/Out for external reference clock

D. USBTMC port for remote control

E. AC power inlet

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Front Panel

Front panel controls duplicate functionality available through the touch screen and are described here only briefly.

Knobs on the front panel function one way if turned and another if pushed like a button. The first label describes the knob’s “turn” action, the second label its “push” action. Actions performed from the front panel always apply to the active trace.

Many buttons light to show the active traces and functions.

Trigger Controls

Level knob changes the trigger threshold level (V). The level is shown on the Trigger descriptor box. Pushing the knob sets the trigger level to the 50% point of the input signal.

READY indicator lights when the trigger is armed. TRIG'D indicator is lit momentarily when a trigger occurs.

Setup opens/closes the Trigger Setup dialog.

Auto sweeps after a preset time, even if the trigger conditions are not met.

Normal sweeps each time the trigger signal meets the trigger conditions.

Single sets Single trigger mode. The first press readies the oscilloscope to trigger. The second press arms and triggers the oscilloscope once (single-shot acquisition) when the input signal meets the trigger conditions.

Stop pauses acquisition. If you boot up the instrument with the trigger in Stop mode, a "No trace available" message is shown. Press the Auto button to display a trace.

Horizontal Controls

The Delay knob changes the Trigger Delay value (S) when turned. Push the knob to return Delay to zero.

The Horizontal Adjust knob sets the Time/division (S) of the acquisition system when the trace source is an input channel. The Time/div value is shown on the Timebase descriptor box. When using this control, the instrument allocates memory as needed to maintain the highest sample rate possible for the timebase setting. When the trace is a zoom, memory or math function, turn the knob to change the horizontal scale of the trace, effectively "zooming" in or out. By default, values adjust in 1, 2, 5 step increments. Push the knob to change to fine increments; push it again to return to stepped increments.

Oscilloscope Overview

Math, Zoom, and Mem(ory) Buttons

The Zoom button creates a quick zoom for each open channel trace. Touch the zoom trace descriptor box to display the zoom controls.

The Math and Mem(ory) buttons open the corresponding setup dialogs.

If a Zoom, Math or Memory trace is active, the button illuminates to indicate that the Vertical and Horizontal knobs will now control that trace.

Vertical Controls

Offset knob adjusts the zero level of the trace (making it appear to move up/down relative to the center axis). The voltage value appears on the trace descriptor box. Push the knob to return Offset to zero.

Gain knob sets vertical scale (V/div). The voltage value appears on the trace descriptor box. By default, values adjust in 1, 2, 5 step increments. Push the knob to change to fine increments; push it again to return to stepped increments.

Channel (number) buttons turn on a channel that is off, or activate a channel that is already on. When the channel is active, pushing its channel button turns it off. A lit button shows the active channel.

Dig button enables digital input through the Digital Leadset on instruments with the Mixed Signal option.

Cursor Controls

Cursors identify specific voltage and time values on a waveform. The white cursor markers help make these points more visible. A readout of the values appears on the trace descriptor box. There are five preset cursor types, each with a unique appearance on the display. These are described in more detail in the Cursors section.

Type selects the cursor type. Continue pressing to cycle through all cursor until the desired type is found. The type "Off" turns off the cursor display.

Cursor knob repositions the selected cursor when turned. Push it to select a different cursor to adjust.

Adjust and Intensity Controls

The front panel Adjust knob changes the value in active (highlighted) data entry fields that do not have dedicated knobs. Pushing the Adjust knob toggles between coarse (large increment) or fine (small increment) adjustments.

When more data is available than can actually be displayed, the Intensity button helps to visualize significant events by applying an algorithm that dims less frequently occurring samples. This feature can also be accessed from the Display Setup dialog.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Miscellaneous Controls

Auto Setup performs an Auto Setup.

Default Setup restores the factory default configuration.

Print captures the entire screen and outputs it according to your Print settings. It can also be configured to output a LabNotebook entry.

Touch Screen enables/disables touch screen functionalilty.

Clear Sweeps resets the acquisition counter and any cumulative measurements.

Decode opens the Serial Decode dialog if you have serial data decoder options installed.

WaveScan opens the WaveScan dialog.

Spectrum opens the Spectrum Analyzer dialog if you have that option installed.

History opens the History Mode dialog.

Oscilloscope Overview

Signal Interfaces

The instrument offers a variety of interfaces for using probes or other devices to input analog or digital signals. See the product page at teledynelecroy.com for a list of compatible devices.

Analog Inputs

A series of connectors arranged on the front of the instrument are used to input analog signals on channels 1-4. EXT can be used to input an external trigger pulse. AUX IN on the back may also be used to input analog signal.

HDO channel connectors use the ProBus interface. The ProBus interface contains a 6-pin power and communication connection and a BNC signal connection to the probe. It includes sense rings for detecting passive probes and accepts a BNC cable connected directly to it. ProBus offers 50 Ω and 1 MΩ input impedance and control for a wide range of probes.

The channel interfaces power probes and completely integrate the probe with the channel. Upon connection, the probe type is recognized and some setup information, such as input coupling and attenuation, is performed automatically. This information is displayed on the Probe Dialog, behind the Channel (Cx) dialog. System (probe plus instrument) gain settings are automatically calculated and displayed based on the probe attenuation.

Probes

The oscilloscope is compatible with the included passive probes and most Teledyne LeCroy ProBus active probes that are rated for the instrument’s bandwidth. Probe specifications and documentation are available at teledynelecroy.com/probes.

Passive Probes

The passive probes supplied are matched to the input impedance of the instrument but may need further compensation. Follow the directions in the probe instruction manual to compensate the frequency response of the probes.

Active Probes

Most active probes match probe to oscilloscope response automatically using probe response data stored in an on-board EEPROM. This ensures the best possible combined probe plusoscilloscope channel frequency response without the need to perform any de-embedding procedure.

Be aware that many active probes require a minimum oscilloscope firmware version to be fully operational. See the probe documentation.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Digital Leadset

The digital leadset provided with -MS model oscilloscopes enables input of up-to-16 lines of digital data. Lines can be organized into four logical groups and renamed appropriately.

The digital leadset features two digital banks with separate Threshold controls, making it possible to simultaneously view data from different logic families.

Connecting/Disconnecting the Leadset

The digital leadset connects to the Mixed Signal interface on the front of the instrument.

To connect the leadset to the instrument, push the connector into the Mixed Signal interface below the front panel until you hear a click.

To remove the leadset, press and hold the buttons on each side of the connector, then pull out to release.

Grounding Leads

Each flying lead has a signal and a ground connection. A variety of ground extenders and flying ground leads are available for different probing needs.

To achieve optimal signal integrity, connect the ground at the tip of the flying lead for each input used in your measurements. Use either the provided ground extenders or ground flying leads to make the ground connection.

Oscilloscope Set Up

Powering On/Off

Press the Power button to turn on the instrument. The X-Stream application loads automatically when you use the Power button.

Caution: Do not change the instrument’s Windows®Power Options setting from the default Never

to System Standby or System Hibernate. Doing so can cause the system to fail.

Caution: Do not power on or calibrate with a signal attached.

The safest way to power down the oscilloscope is to use the File > Shutdown menu option, which will always execute a proper shut down process and preserve settings. Quickly pressing the power button should also execute a proper shut down, but holding the Power button will execute a “hard” shut down (as on a computer), which we do not recommend doing because it does not allow the Windows operating system to close properly, and setup data may be lost. Never power off by pulling the power cord from the socket or powering off a connected power strip or battery without first shutting down properly.

The Power button does not disconnect the instrument from the AC power supply. The only way to fully power down the instrument is to unplug the AC power cord.

We recommend unplugging the instrument if it will remain unused for a long period of time.

Software Activation

The operating software (firmware and standard applications) isactive upon delivery. At power-up, the instrument loadsthe software automatically.

Firmware

Free firmware updates are available periodically from the Teledyne LeCroy website at:

teledynelecroy.com/support/softwaredownload

Registered users can receive an email notification when a new update is released. Follow the instructions on the website to download and install the software.

Trial Options

HDO4000 oscilloscopes are delivered with 30-day-trial licenses of some available software option packages. To activate a trial package:

1. Go to Utililties > Utilities Setup > Options.

2. Select a key from the Installed Option Keys list.

3. Touch the Activate Demo Key button at the right of the screen.

A reminder willappear whenever you reboot the oscilloscope without activating demo keys.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Purchased Options

If after your trial has ended you decide to purchase an option, you will receive a license key via email that activates the optional features. See Options for instructions on activating optional software packages.

Connecting to Other Devices/Systems

Make all desired cable connections. After start up, configure the connections using the menu options listed below. More detailed instructions are provided later in this manual.

LAN

The instrument accepts DHCP network addressing. Connect a cable from an Ethernet port on the side panel to a network access device. Go to Utilities > Utilities Setup > Remote to find the IP address.

To assign a static IP address, choose Net Connections from the Remote dialog. Use the standard Windows networking dialogs to configure the device address.

Choose File > File Sharing and open the Email & Report Settings dialog to configure email settings.

USB Peripherals

Connect the device to a USB port on the front or side of the instrument.These connections are "plug-andplay" and do not require any additional configuration.

Printer

HDO oscilloscopes support USB printers compatible with the instrument's Windows OS. Go to File > Print Setup and select Printer to configure printer settings. Select Properties to open the Windows Print dialog.

External Monitor

You may operate the instrument using the built-in touch screen or attach an external monitor for extended desktop operation.

Note: The oscilloscope display utilizes Fujitsu touch-screen drivers. Because of conflicts, external

monitorswith Fujitsu drivers can not be used to control the system, only as displays.

Oscilloscope Set Up

Connect the monitor cable to a video output on the side of the instrument (VGA, DVI-D, and HDMI are all supported). Go to Display > Display Setup > Open Monitor Control Panel to configure the display. Be sure to select the instrument as the primary monitor.

To use the Extend Grids feature, configure the second monitor to extend, not duplicate, the oscilloscope display. If the external monitor is touch screen enabled, the MAUI user interface can be controlled through touch on the external monitor.

Remote Control

Go to Utilities > Utilities Setup > Remote to configure remote control. Connect the devices using the cable type required by your selection. TCP/IP over Ethernet is generally supported.

Reference Clock

To either input or output a reference clock signal, connect to the other instrument. Go to Timebase > Horizontal Setup > Reference Clock to configure the clock.

Auxilliary Output

To output signal from the instrument to another device, connect a BNC cable from Aux Out to the other device. Go to Utilities > Utilities Setup > Aux Output to configure the output.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Language Selection

To change the language that appears on the touch screen:

1. Go to Utilities > Preference Setup > Preferences and make a Language selection.

2. Follow the prompt to restart the application.

To also change the language of the Windows operating system dialogs:

1. Choose File > Minimize to hide X-Stream and show the Windows Desktop.

2. From the Windows task bar, choose Start > Control Panel > Clock, Language and Region.

3. Under Region and Language select Change Display Language.

4. Touch the Install/Uninstall Languages button.

5. Select Install Language and Browse Computer or Network.

6. Touch the Browse button, navigate to D:\Lang Packs\ and select the language you want to install. The available languages are: German, Spanish, French, Italian, and Japanese. Follow the installer prompts.

7. Reboot after changing the language.

Note: Other language packs are available from Microsoft’s website.

Using MAUI

MAUI, the Most Advanced User Interface, is Teledyne LeCroy'sunique oscilloscope user interface. MAUIis designed for touch—all important controls for vertical, horizontal, and trigger are only one touch away.

Touch Screen

The touch screen isthe principal viewing and control center. The entire display area is active: use your finger or a stylus to touch, drag, swipe, or draw a selection box.

Many controlsthat display information also work as “buttons” to access other functions. If you have a mouse installed, you can click anywhere you can touch to activate a control; in fact, you can alternate between clicking and touching, whichever isconvenient for you.

The touch screen isdivided into the following major control groups:

l Menu bar

l Grid area

l Descriptor boxes

l Dialogs

l Message Bar

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Menu Bar

The top of the window contains a complete menu of functions. Making a selection here changes the dialogs displayed at the bottom of the screen.

While many common operations can also be performed from the front panel or launched via the descriptor boxes, the menu bar is the best way to access dialogsfor Save/Recall (File) functions, Display functions, Status, LabNotebook, Pass/Fail setup, and Utilities/Preferences setup.

If an action can be “undone”, a small Undo button appears at the far right of the menu bar. Click this to restore the oscilloscope to the state prior to the action.

Grid Area

The grid area displays the waveform traces. Every grid is 8 Vertical divisionsrepresenting 4096 Vertical levels and 10 Horizontal divisions each representing acquisition time. The value represented by Vertical and Horizontal divisionsdepends on the Vertical and Horizontal scale of the traces that appear on the grid.

Multi-Grid Display

The grid area can be divided into multiple gridsshowing different types and numbers of traces (in Auto Grid mode, it will divide automatically as needed). Regardless of the number and orientation of grids, every grid always represents the same number of Vertical levels. Therefore, absolute Vertical measurement precision is maintained.

Different types of traces opening in a multi-grid display.

Using MAUI

Grid Indicators

These indicators appear around or on the grid to mark important points on the display. They are matched to the color of the trace to which they apply. When multiple traces appear on the same grid, indicators refer to the foreground trace—the one that appears on top of the others.

Axis labels

or change the Vertical/Horizontal scale. Originally shown in absolute values, the labels change to show delta from 0 (center) when the number of significant digits grows too large. The number of labels that appear on each grid depends on the total number of grids open. To remove them, go to Display > Display Setup and deselect Axis Labels.

Trigger Time

Unless Horizontal Delay is set, this indicator is at the zero (center) point of the grid. Delay time is shown at the top right of the Timebase descriptor box.

Pre/Post-trigger Delay

Delay has shifted the Trigger Position indicator to a point in time not displayed on the grid. All Delay values are shown on the Timebase Descriptor Box.

Trigger Level

in Stop trigger mode, or in Normal or Single mode without a valid trigger, a hollow triangle of the same color appears at the new trigger level. The trigger level indicator is not shown if the triggering channel is not displayed.

Zero Volts Level

the number and color of the trace.

Cursor markers

and-drop cursor markers to quickly reposition them.

Grid Intensity

mark the times/units represented by a grid division. They update dynamically as you pan the trace

, a small triangle along the bottom (horizontal) edge of the grid, shows the time of the trigger.

, a small arrow to the bottom left or right of the grid, indicates that a pre- or post-trigger

at the right edge of the grid tracks the trigger voltage level. If you change the trigger level when

is located at the left edge of the grid. One appears for each open trace on the grid, sharing

appear over the grid to indicate specific voltage and time values on the waveform. Drag-

You can adjust the brightness of the grid lines by going to Display > Display Setup and entering a new Grid Intensity percentage. The higher the number, the brighter and bolder the grid lines.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Descriptor Boxes

Trace descriptor boxes appear just beneath the grid whenever a trace is turned on. They function to:

l Inform—descriptors summarize the current trace settings and its activity status.

l Navigate—touch the descriptor box once to activate the trace, a second time to open the trace

setup dialog.

l Arrange—drag-and-drop descriptor boxes to move traces among grids.

l Configure—drag-and-drop descriptor boxes to change source or copy setups.

Besides trace descriptor boxes, there are also HD, Timebase and Trigger descriptor boxes summarizing the acquisition settings shared by all channels, which also open the corresponding setup dialogs.

Channel Descriptor Box

Channel trace descriptor boxes correspond to analog signal inputs. They show (clockwise from top left): Channel Number, Pre-processing list, Coupling, Vertical Scale (gain) setting, Vertical Offset setting, Sweeps Count (when averaging), Vertical Cursor positions, and Number of Segments (when in Sequence mode).

Codes are used to indicate pre-processing that has been applied to the input. The short form isused when several processes are in effect.

Pre-processing Symbols on Descriptor Boxes

Pre-Processing Type Long Form Short Form

Sin X Interpolation* SINX S

Enhanced Sample Rate ESR E

Averaging AVG A

Inversion INV I

Deskew DSQ DQ

Coupling DC50, DC1M, AC1M or GND D50, D1, A1 or G

Bandwidth Limiting BWL B

Note: * On "A" models, (Sinx)/x interpolation is applied with the Enhanced Sample Rate feature.

The SINX symbol isreplaced by ESR.

Using MAUI

Other Trace Descriptor Boxes

Similar descriptor boxes appear for math (Fx), zoom (Zx), and memory (Mx) traces. These descriptor boxes show any Horizontal scaling that differs from the signal timebase. Units will be automatically adjusted for the type of trace.

Trace Context Menu

Touch and hold ("right-click") on the trace descriptor box until a white circle appears to open the trace context menu, a pop-up menu of actions to apply to the trace such as turn off, move to next grid or label.

HD Descriptor Box

The HD descriptor box summarizes the ADC resolution at which the instrument is operating.

Timebase and Trigger Descriptor Boxes

The Timebase descriptor box shows: (clockwise from top right) Horizontal Delay, Time/div, Sample Rate, Number of Samples, and Sampling Mode (blank when in real-time mode).

Trigger descriptor box shows: (clockwise from top right) Trigger Source and Coupling, Trigger Level (V), Slope/Polarity, Trigger Type, Trigger Mode.

Horizontal (time) cursor readout, including the time between cursors and the frequency, isshown beneath the TimeBase and Trigger descriptor boxes. See the Cursors section for more information.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Dialogs

Dialogs appear at the bottom of the display for entering setup data. The top dialog will be the main entry point for the selected functionality. For convenience, related dialogs appear as a series of tabs behind the main dialog. Touch the tab to open the dialog.

Right-Hand Subdialogs

At times, your selections will require more settings than can fit on one dialog, or the task commonly invites further action, such as zooming a new trace. In that case, subdialogs will appear to the right of the dialog. These subdialog settings alwaysapply to the object that is being configured on the left-hand dialog.

Action Toolbar

Several setup dialogscontain a toolbar at the bottom of the dialog. These buttons enable you to perform commonplace tasks—such as turning on a measurement—without having to leave the underlying dialog. Toolbar actionsalways apply to the active trace.

Measure opens the Measure pop-up to set measurement parameters on the active trace.

Zoom creates a zoom trace of the active trace.

Math opens the Math pop-up to apply math functions to the active trace and create a new math trace.

Decode opens the main Serial Decode dialog where you configure and apply serial data decoders and triggers. Thisbutton is only active if you have serial data software options installed.

Store loads the active trace into the corresponding memory location (C1, F1 and Z1 to M1; C2, F2 and Z2 to M2, etc.).

Find Scale performs a vertical scaling that fits the waveform into the grid.

Next Grid moves the active trace to the next grid. If you have only one grid displayed, a new grid willbe created automatically, and the trace moved.

Label opens the Label pop-up to annotate the active trace.

Using MAUI

Message Bar

At the bottom of the oscilloscope display is a narrow message bar. The current date and time are displayed at the far right. Status, error, or other messages are also shown at the far left, where "Teledyne LeCroy" normally appears.

You will see the word "Processing..." highlighted with red at the right of the message bar when the oscilloscope is processing your last acquisition or calculating.

This willbe especially evident when you change an acquisition setting that affects the ADC configuration in Normal or Auto trigger mode, such as changing the Vertical Scale, Offset, or Bandwidth. Traces may briefly disappear from the display while the oscilloscope isprocessing.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

OneTouch Help

Touch, drag, swipe, pinch, and flick can be used to create and change setups with one touch. Just as you change the display by using the setup dialogs, you can change the setups by moving different display objects. Use the setup dialogsto refine OneTouch actions to precise values.

As you drag & drop objects, valid targets are outlined with a white box. When you're moving over invalid targets, you'll see the "Null" symbol ( Ø ) under your finger tip or cursor.

Note: Many actions shown here—such as Activate, Position Cursors, Change Trigger, Move Trace,

Scroll, Pan left/right, and Drag to Create Zoom—can be done on all MAUI instruments, even those without the OneTouch features. Some examples below may show features not available on your oscilloscope.

Turn On

To turn on a new channel, math, memory, or zoom trace, drag any descriptor box of the same type to the Add New ("+") box. The next trace in the series will be added to the display at the default settings. It is now the active trace.

If there is no descriptor box of the desired type on the screen to drag, touch the Add New box and choose the trace type from the pop-up menu.

To turn on the Measure table when it is closed, touch the Add New box and choose Measurement.

Activate

Touch a trace or its descriptor box to activate it and bring it to the foreground. When the descriptor box appears highlighted in blue, front panel controlsand touch screen gestures apply to that trace.

Using MAUI

Copy Setups

To copy the setup of one trace to another of the same type (e.g., channel to channel, math to math), drag-and-drop the source descriptor box onto the target descriptor box.

To copy the setup of a measurement (Px), drag-and-drop the source column onto the target column of the Measure table.

Change Source

To change the source of a trace, drag-and-drop the descriptor box of the desired source onto the target descriptor box. You can also drop it on the Source field of the target setup dialog.

To change the source of a measurement, drag-and-drop the descriptor box of the desired source onto the parameter (Px) column of the Measure table.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Position Cursors

To change cursor measurement time/level, drag cursor markers to new positionson the grid. The cursor readout will update immediately.

To place horizontal cursors on zoomsor other calculated traces where the source Horizontal Scale has forced cursors off the grid, drag the cursor readout from below the Timebase descriptor to the grid where you wish to place the cursors. The cursors are set at 2.5 and 7.5 divisions of the grid. Cursorson the source traces adjust position accordingly.

Change Trigger

To change the trigger level, drag the Trigger Level indicator to a new position on the Y axis. The Trigger descriptor box will show the new voltage Level.

To change the trigger source channel, drag-and-drop the desired channel (Cx) descriptor box onto the Trigger descriptor box. The trigger will revert to the coupling and slope/polarity last set on that channel.

Using MAUI

Store to Memory

To store a trace to internal memory, drag-and-drop its trace descriptor box onto the target memory (Mx) descriptor box.

Move Trace

To move a trace to a different grid, drag-and-drop the trace descriptor box onto the target grid.

Scroll

To scroll long lists of values or readout tables, swipe the selection dialog or table in an up or down direction.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Pan Trace

To pan a trace, activate it to bring it to the forefront, then drag the waveform trace right/left or up/down. If it is the source of any other trace, that trace willmove, as well. For channel traces, the Timebase descriptor box will show the new Horizontal Delay value. For other traces, the zoom factor controls show the new Horizontal Center.

Tip: If you are using the multi-zoom feature, all time-locked traces will pan together.

To pan at an accelerated rate, swipe the trace right/left or up/down.

Using MAUI

Zoom

To create a new zoom trace, touch then drag diagonally to draw a selection box around the portion of the trace you want to zoom. Touch the Zx descriptor box to open the zoom factor controls and adjust the zoom exactly.

To "zoom in" on any trace, unpinch two fingers over the trace horizontally.

To "zoom out" on any trace, pinch two fingers over the trace horizontally.

Note: Pinch gestures do not create a separate zoom (Zx) trace, they only adjust the Horizontal

Scale. When you pinch a channel (Cx) trace, the Timebase for all channels changes. If the trace is the source of any other, all its dependent traces change, as well.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Turn Off

To turn off a trace, flick the trace descriptor box toward the bottom of the screen.

Using MAUI

Working With Traces

Traces are the visible representations of waveforms that appear on the display grid. They may show live inputs(Cx, Digitalx), a math function applied to a waveform (Fx), a stored memory of a waveform (Mx), a zoom of a waveform (Zx), or the processing results of special analysis software.

Traces are a touch screen object like any other and can be manipulated. They can be panned, moved, labeled, zoomed, and captured in different visual formats for printing/reporting.

Each visible trace willhave a descriptor box summarizing its principal configuration settings. See

OneTouch Help for more information about how you can use traces and trace descriptor boxes to modify

your configurations.

Active Trace

Although several traces may be open, only one trace is active and can be adjusted using front panel controls and touch screen gestures. A highlighted descriptor box indicates which trace is active. All actions apply to that trace untilyou activate another. Touch a trace descriptor box to make it the active trace (and the foreground trace in that grid).

Active trace descriptor (left), inactive trace descriptor (right).

Whenever you activate a trace, the dialog at the bottom of the screen automatically switches to the appropriate setup dialog.

Active descriptor box matches active dialog tab.

Foreground Trace

Since multiple traces can be opened on the same grid, the trace shown on top of the others is the foreground trace. Grid indicators (matched to the input channel color) represent values for the foreground trace.

Touch a trace or its descriptor box to bring it to the foreground. This also makes it the active trace.

Note that a foreground trace may not be the same as the active trace. A trace in a separate grid may subsequently become the active trace, but the indicators on a given grid will still represent the foreground trace in that group.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Turning On/Off Traces

Analog Traces

From the front panel, press the Channel button (1-4) to turn on the trace; press again to turn it off.

To turn on the trace from the touch screen, touch the Add New box and select Channel, or drag another Channel (Cx) descriptor box to the Add New box.

To turn off a channel trace from the touch screen, do any of the following:

l Flick the trace descriptor box toward the bottom of the screen.

l Touch-and-hold (right-click) on the descriptor box until a white circle appears, then from the context

menu select Off.

l Clear the "On" box on the Channel Setup or Cx dialogs.

Note: The default is to display each trace in its own grid. Use the Display menu to change how

traces are displayed.

Digital Traces

From the front panel, turn on the trace by pressing the Dig button, then checking Group on the Digitalx trace dialog.

To turn on the trace from the touch screen, choose Vertical > Digitalx Setup then check Group on the Digitalx dialog.

Clear the Group checkbox to turn off the trace, or flick the trace descriptor box toward the bottom of the screen.

Other Traces

From the touch screen, touch the Add New box and select the trace type, or drag another descriptor box of that type to the Add New box. Turn off the trace the same as you would a channel trace.

Adjusting Traces

To adjust Vertical Scale (gain or sensitivity) and Vertical Offset, just activate the trace and use the front panel Vertical knobs. To make other adjustments—such as channel pre-processing or the math function definition—touch the trace descriptor box twice to open the appropriate setup dialog.

Many entries can be made by selecting from the pop-up menu that appears when you touch a control. When an entry field appears highlighted in blue after touching, it is active and the value can be modified by turning the front panel knobs. Fields that don't have a dedicated knob (as do VerticalLevel and Horizontal Delay) can be modified using the Adjust knob.

If you have a keyboard installed, you can type entries in an active (highlighted) data entry field. Or, you can touch again, then "type" the entry by touching keys on the virtual keypad or keyboard.

Using MAUI

To use the virtual keypad, touch the soft keys exactly as you would a calculator. When you touch OK, the calculated value is entered in the field.

Moving Traces

Use any of these methods to move traces from grid to grid. See OneTouch Help for ways to pan traces within the same grid.

Drag-and-Drop

You can move a trace from one grid to another by dragging its descriptor box to the desired grid. This is a convenient way to quickly re-arrange traces on the display.

Next Grid Button

Touch twice on the descriptor box of the trace you want moved to open the setup dialog, then touch the Next Grid action toolbar button at the bottom of the dialog. You can also touch and hold (right-click) the trace descriptor box and choose Next Grid from the context menu.

Note: If only one grid is open, a second grid opens automatically when you select Next Grid.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Labeling Traces

The Label function gives you the ability to add custom annotationsto the trace display. Once placed, labels can be moved to new positionsor hidden while remaining associated with the trace.

Create Label

1. Select Label from the context menu, or touch the Label Action toolbar button on the trace setup dialog.

2. On the Trace Annotation pop-up, touch Add Label.

3. Enter the Label Text.

4. Optionally, enter the Horizontal Pos. and Vertical Pos. (in same units asthe trace) at which to place the label. The default position is 0 ns horizontal. Use Trace Vertical Position places the label immediately above the trace.

Reposition Label

Drag-and-drop labels to reposition them, or change the position settings on the Trace Annotation pop-up.

Edit/Remove Label

On the Trace Annotation pop-up, select the Label from the list. Change the settings as desired, or touch Remove Label to delete it.

Clear View labels to hide all labels. They will remain in the list.

Using MAUI

Zooming

Zooms magnify a selected region of a trace by altering the Horizontal Scale relative to the source trace.

Zooms may be created in several ways, using either the front panel or the touch screen. You can adjust

zooms the same as any other trace using the front panel Vertical and Horizontal knobs or the touch screen

zoom factor controls.

The current settings for each zoom trace can be seen on the Zx dialogs.

Zx Dialog

Each Zx dialog reflects the center and scale for that zoom. Use it to adjust the zoom magnification.

Trace Controls

Trace On shows/hides the zoom trace. It is selected by default when the zoom is created.

Source lets you change the source for this zoom to any channel, math, or memory trace while maintaining all other settings.

Segment Controls

These controls are used in Sequence Sampling Mode.

Zoom Factor Controls

l Out and In buttons increase/decrease zoom magnification and consequently change the Horizontal

andVertical Scale settings. Touch either button until you've achieved the desired level.

l Var.checkbox enables zooming in single increments.

l Horizontal Scale/div sets the time represented by each horizontal division of the grid. It isthe

equivalent of Time/div in channel traces.

l Vertical Scale/div sets the voltage level represented by each vertical division of the grid; it's the

equivalent of V/div in channel traces.

l Horizontal/Vertical Center sets the time/voltage at the center of the grid. The horizontal center is

the same for all zoom traces.

l Reset Zoom returns the zoom to x1 magnification.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Creating Zooms

Any type of trace can be "zoomed" by creating a new zoom trace (Zx) following the procedures here.

Note: On instruments with OneTouch, traces can be "zoomed" by pinching/unpinching two fingers

over the trace, but this method does not create a separate zoom trace. With channel traces, pinching will alter the acquisition timebase and the scale of all traces. Create a separate zoom trace if you do not wish to do this.

All zoom traces open in the next empty grid, with the zoomed portion of the source trace highlighted. If there are no more available grids, zooms will open in the same grid as the source trace.

Zoomed area of original trace highlighted. Zoom in new grid below.

Quick Zoom

Use the front panel Zoom button to quickly create one zoom trace for each displayed channel trace. Quick zooms are created at the same vertical scale as the source trace and 10:1 horizontal magnification.

To turn off the quick zooms, press the Zoom button again.

Manually Create Zoom

To manually create a zoom, touch-and-drag diagonally to draw a selection box around any part of the source trace.

The zoom will resize the selected area to fit the fullwidth of the grid. The degree of vertical and horizontal magnification, therefore, depends on the size of the rectangle that you draw.

Alternatively, you can drag any Zx descriptor box over the Add New box, or touch the Add New box and choose Zoom from the pop-up menu. The next available zoom trace opens with its Zx dialog displayed for you to modify scale as needed.

Finally, you can touch-and-hold (right-click) on the descriptor box of the trace you

wish to zoom until a white circle appears, then choose Math from the context menu. Select the Zoom operator to create a zoom in the next open math function. Thismethod creates a new Fx trace, rather than a new Zx trace, but it can be rescaled in the same manner. It is a way to create more zoomsthan you have Zx slots available on your instrument.

Using MAUI

Adjust Zoom Scale

The zoom's Horizontal units will differ from the signal timebase because the zoom is showing a calculated scale, not a measured level. Thisallows you to adjust the zoom factor using the front panel knobs or the

zoom factor controls however you like without affecting the timebase (a characteristic shared with math

and memory traces).

Close Zoom

New zooms are turned on and visible by default. If the display becomes too crowded, you can close a particular zoom and the zoom settings are saved in its Zx slot, ready to be turned on again when desired.

To close the zoom, touch-and-hold (right-click) on the zoom descriptor box until the white circle appears, then from the context menu choose Off.

Print/Screen Capture

The front panel Print button captures an image of the display and outputs it according to your Print settings. It can be used to save a LabNotebook, create an image file of waveform traces, or send the display to a networked printer, etc.

The Printer icon at the right of the Print dialog willalso execute your print setting.

Print may be used as a screen capture tool by going to File > Print Setup and selecting to print to File, then choosing a graphical format and naming scheme with your Screen Image Preferences. Once configured, just press the Print button or Printer icon, and optionally annotate the image.

You can also use the touch screen to generate a screen capture by choosing File > Save > Screen image and touching Save Now at the right of the dialog. The file is saved using your latest Screen Image Preferences settings.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Acquisition

The acquisition settings include everything required to produce a visible trace on screen and an acquisition record that may be saved for later processing and analysis:

l Vertical axis scale at which to show the input signal and probe characteristics that affect the signal,

such as attenuation and deskew time

l Horizontal axis scale at which to represent time, and acquisition sampling mode and sampling rate

l Acquisition trigger mechanism

Optional acquisition settings include bandwidth filters and pre-processing effects, vertical offset, and horizontal trigger delay, all of which affect the appearance and position of the waveform trace.

Auto Setup

Auto Setup quickly configures the essential acquisition settings based on the first input signal it finds, starting with Channel 1. If nothing is connected to Channel 1, it searches Channel 2 and so forth until it finds a signal. Vertical Scale (V/div), Offset, Timebase (Time/div), and Trigger are set to an Edge trigger on the first, non-zero-level amplitude, with the entire waveform visible for at least 10 cycles over 10 horizontal divisions.

To run Auto Setup:

1. Either press the front panel Auto Setup button or choose Auto Setup from the Vertical, Timebase, or Trigger menus. All these optionsperform the same function.

2. Press the Auto Setup button again or use the touch screen display to confirm Auto Setup.

After running Auto Setup, you'll see the words"Auto Setup" next to an Undo button at the far right of the menu bar. Thisallows you to restore the settings in place prior to the Auto Setup.

Note: You will undo all new measurements or math function definitionsentered since the Auto

Setup when you Undo the Auto Setup. Perform this work when the instrument is not in the Auto Setup mode if you wish for it to persist.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Viewing Status

All instrument settingscan be viewed through the various Status dialogs. These show all existing acquisition, trigger, channel, math function, measurement and parameter configurations, as well as which are currently active.

Access the Status dialogsby choosing the Status option from the Vertical, Timebase, Math, or Analysis menus (e.g., Channel Status, Acquisition Status).

Vertical

Vertical, also called Channel, settings usually relate to voltage level and control input channel traces (C1Cx) along the Y axis.

Note: While Digital settings can be accessed through the Vertical menu on -MS model

instruments, they are handled quite differently. See Digital.

The amount of voltage displayed by one vertical division of the grid, or Vertical Scale (V/div), is most quickly adjusted by using the front panel Vertical knob. The Cx descriptor box always showsthe current Vertical Scale setting.

Detailed configuration for each trace is done on the Cx dialogs. Once configured, channel traces can be quickly turned on/off or modified using the Channel Setup dialog.

Channel Setup Dialog

Use the Channel Setup dialog to quickly make basic Vertical settingsfor all analog input channels. To access the Channel Setup dialog, choose Vertical > Channel Setup from the menu bar.

To show/hide the channel trace, select/deselect the checkbox next the channel number.

To change the channel trace color, touch the color block next to the channel number, then choose the new color from the pop-up menu.

Acquisition

To change any other Vertical settings, touch the input field and enter the new value.

On instruments with OneTouch, drag-and-drop the source channel descriptor box onto the target channel descriptor box to copy settings from one channel to another

You can also touch Copy Channel Setup, then select the channel to Copy From and all the channels to Copy To.

Cx (Channel) Dialog

Full vertical setup is done on the Cx dialog. To access it, choose Vertical > Channel <#> Setup from the menu bar, or touch the Channel descriptor box.

The Cx dialog contains:

l Vertical settings for scale, offset, coupling, bandwidth, and probe attenuation

l Rescale settings

l Pre-processing settings for pre-acquisition processes such as noise filtering and interpolation.

If a Teledyne LeCroy probe isconnected, its Probe dialog appears to the right of the Cx dialog.

Vertical Settings

The Trace On checkbox turns on/off the channel trace.

Vertical Scale sets the gain (sensitivity) in the selected Vertical units, Volts by default. Select Variable Gain for fine adjustment or leave the checkbox clear for fixed 1, 2, 5, 10-step adjustments.

Offset adds a defined value of DC offset to the signal as acquired by the input channel. This may be helpful in order to display a signal on the grid while maximizing the vertical height (or gain) of the signal. A negative value of offset will "subtract" a DC voltage value from the acquired signal (and move the trace down on the grid") whereas a positive value will do the opposite. Touch Zero Offset to return to zero.

A variety of Bandwidth filters are available. To limit bandwidth, select a filter from this field.

Coupling may be set to DC 50 Ω, DC1M, AC1M or GROUND.

Caution: The maximum input voltage depends on the input used. Limitsare displayed on the body

of the instrument. Whenever the voltage exceeds this limit, the coupling mode automatically switches to GROUND. You then have to manually reset the coupling to its previousstate. While the unit does provide this protection, damage can still occur if extreme voltages are applied.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Probe Attenuation and Deskew

Probe Attenuation and Deskew values for third-party probes may be entered manually on the Cx dialog. The instrument willdetect it is a third-party probe and display these fields.

When a Teledyne LeCroy probe isconnected to a channel input:

l Passive probe Attenuation isautomatically set, and this field is disabled on the Cx dialog.

l For active voltage and current probes, a tab isadded to the right of the Cx tab. The Attenuation field

becomes a button to access the Probe dialog. Enter Attenuation on the Probe dialog.

l Enter Deskew under Pre-Processing settings.

Rescale Settings

The rescale function allows you to apply a multiplication factor, additive constant, and differential vertical unit to the waveform vertical samples.

Vertical Units may be changed from Volts (V) to Amperes (A). This is useful when using a third-party current probe (which is not auto-detected) or when probing across a current sensor/resistor.

Enter the desired values in Units/V and Add. These two selections provide the same capability as the Rescale math function (y=mx+b) but in a more intuitive, user-friendly format.

Pre-Processing Settings

Average performs continuous averaging or the repeated addition, with unequal weight, of successive source waveforms. It is particularly useful for reducing noise on signals drifting very slowly in time or amplitude. The most recently acquired waveform has more weight than all the previously acquired ones: the continuousaverage is dominated by the statistical fluctuationsof the most recently acquired waveform. The weight of old waveforms in the continuous average gradually tends to zero (following an exponential rule) at a rate that decreases as the weight increases.

On legacy HDO4000 models, Interpolate applies either Linear or (Sinx)/x interpolation to the waveform. Linear inserts a straight line between sample points and isbest used to reconstruct straight-edged signals such as square waves. (Sinx)/x interpolation, on the other hand, is suitable for reconstructing curved or irregular wave shapes, especially when the sample rate is3 to 5 times the system bandwidth.

On "A" models, this setting is called Enhanced Sample Rate and appears disabled when using a sample rate greater than 2.5 GS/s, as the system automatically sets the upsample factor according to your sample rate. Only when the sample rate isbelow this can you choose an upsample factor of 2 or 4 points, or use Linear interpolation (None).

Note: 10 point Sinx/x interpolation can be set by sending the command via IEEE 488.2 remote

control or COM Automation.

Deskew adjusts the horizontal time offset by the amount entered in order to compensate for propagation delays caused by different probes or cable lengths. The valid range is dependent on the current timebase setting. The Deskew pre-processing setting and the Deskew math function perform the same action.

Acquisition

Noise Filter applies Enhanced Resolution (ERes) filtering to increase vertical resolution, allowing you to distinguish closely spaced voltage levels. The tradeoff isreduced bandwidth. The functioning of the instrument's ERes is similar to smoothing the signal with a simple, moving-average filter. It is best used on single-shot acquisitions, acqusitionswhere the data record is slowly repetitive (and you cannot use averaging), or to reduce noise when your signal is noticeably noisy but you do not need to perform noise measurements. It also may be used when performing high-precision voltage measurements and zooming with high vertical gain, for example. See Enhanced Resolution.

Invert inverts the trace.

Probe Dialog

The Probe Dialog immediately to the right of the Cx dialog displays the probe attributes and (depending on the probe type) allows you to AutoZero or DeGauss probes from the touch screen. Other settings may appear, as well, depending on the probe model.

Caution: Remove probes from the circuit under test before initializing AutoZero or DeGauss.

Auto Zero Probe

Auto Zero corrects for DC offset drifts that naturally occur from thermal effects in the amplifier of active probes. Teledyne LeCroy probes incorporate Auto Zero capability to remove the DC offset from the probe's amplifier output to improve the measurement accuracy.

DeGauss Probe

The Degauss controlisactivated for some types of probes (e.g., current probes). Degaussing eliminates residual magnetization from the probe core caused by external magnetic fieldsor by excessive input. It is recommended to always Degauss probes prior to taking a measurement.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Digital (Mixed Signal)

The digital leadset (standard with -MS model oscilloscopes) inputs up-to-16 lines of digital data. Leads are organized into two banks of eight leads each, and you assign each bank a standard Logic Family or a custom Threshold to define the digital logic of the signal.

Digital Traces

When a digital group is enabled, digital Line traces show which lines are high, low, or transitioning relative to the threshold. You can also view a digital Bus trace that collapses all the lines in a group into their Hex values.

Four digital lines displayed with a Vertical Position +4.0 (top of grid) and a Group Height 4.0 (divisions).

Activity Indicators

Activity indicators at the bottom of the Digitalx dialogs show which lines are High (up arrow), Low (down arrow), or Transitioning (up an down arrows) relative to the Logic Threshold value. They provide a quick view of which lines are active and of interest to display on screen.

Acquisition

Digitalx (Group) Set Up

To set up a digital input:

1. Connect the digital leadset to the test device and the instrument.

2. From the menu bar, choose Vertical > Digital <#> Setup, or pressthe front panel Dig button and select the desired Digitalx tab.

3. On the Digitalx set up dialog, check the boxes for all the lines that comprise the group. Touch the Right and Left Arrow buttons to switch between digital banks as you make line selections.

Alternatively, touch Display Dxx-Dyy to quickly turn on an entire digital bank.

Note: Each group can consist of anywhere from 1 to 16 of the leads from any digital bank

regardless of the Logic set on the bank. It does not matter if the some or all of the lines have been included in other groups.

4. Check View Group to enable the display.

5. When you're finished on the Digitalx dialog, open Logic Setup and choose the Logic Family that applies to each digital bank, or set custom Threshhold and Hysteresis values.

6. Go on to set up the digital display for the group.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Digital Display Set Up

Choose the type and position of the digital traces that appear on screen for each digital group.

1. Set up the digital group.

2. Choose a Display Mode:

l Lines (default) showsa time-correlated trace indicating high, low, and transitioning points

(relative to the Threshold) for every digital line in the group. The size and placement of the lines depend on the number of lines, the Vertical Position and GroupHeight settings.

l Bus collapses the lines in a group into their Hex values. It appears immediately below all the

Line traces when both are selected.

l Lines & Bus displays both line and bus traces at once.

3. In Vertical Position, enter the number of divisions (positive or negative) relative to the zero line of the grid where the display begins.The top of the first trace appears at this position.

4. In Group Height, enter the total number of grid divisions the entire display should occupy. All the selected traces (Line and Bus) will appear in thismuch space. Individual traces are resized to fit the total number of divisions available.

The example above shows a group of four Line traces occupying a Group Height of 4.0 divisions. Each trace takes up one division.

To close digital traces, uncheck the Group box on the Digitalx dialog.

Tip: Because a new grid opens to accommodate each enabled group, you may wish to enable

groupsone or two at a time when they have many lines to maximize the total amount of screen space available for each. Closing the set up dialogs will also increase available screen space.

Acquisition

Renaming Digital Lines

The labels used to name each line can be changed to make the user interface more intuitive. Also, labels can be "swapped" between lines.

Changing Labels

1. Set up the digital group.

2. Touch Label and select from:

l Data - the default, which appends "D." to the front of each line number.

l Address - appends "A." to the front of each line number.

l Custom - lets you create your own labels line by line.

3. If using Custom labels:

l Touch the Line number field below the corresponding checkbox. If necessary, use the

Left/Right Arrow buttons to switch between banks.

l Use the virtual keyboard to enter the name, then pressOK.

Any active line traces are renamed accordingly.

Swapping Lines

This procedure helps in cases where the physical lead number is different from the logical line number you would like to assign to that input. It can save time having to re-attach leads or re-configure groups.

Example: A group is set up for lines 0-4, but lead 5 was accidentally attached to the probing point. By "swapping" line 5 with line 4, you do not need to change either the physical or the logical setup.

1. Select a Label of Data or Address.

2. Touch the Line number button below the corresponding checkbox. If necessary, use the Left/Right Arrow buttons to switch between banks.

3. From the pop-up, choose the line with which you want to swap labels.

The button and any active line traces are renumbered accordingly.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Timebase

Timebase, also known as Horizontal, settings control the trace along the X axis. The timebase isshared by all channels.

The time represented by each horizontal division of the grid, or Time/Division, is most easily adjusted using the front panel Horizontal knob. Full Timebase set up, including sampling mode selection, is done on the Timebase dialog, which can be accessed by either choosing Timebase > Horizontal Setup from the menu bar or touching the Timebase descriptor box.

Timebase Set Up

Use the Timebase dialog to select the sampling mode, memory and number of active channels. You can also use it instead of the Front Panel to modify the Time/Div and horizontal Delay. There are related dialogs for Reference Clock.

Sampling Mode

Choose from Real Time, Sequence, RIS, or Roll mode.

Timebase Mode

Time/Division isthe time represented by one horizontal division of the grid. Touch the Up/Down Arrow buttons on the Timebase dialog or turn the front panel Horizontal knob to adjust this value. The overall length of the acquisition record isequal to 10 times the Time/Division setting.

Delay is the amount of time relative to the trigger event to display on the grid. Raising/lowering the Delay value hasthe effect of shifting the trace to the right/left. This allows you to isolate and display a time/event of interest that occurs before or after the trigger event.

l Pre-trigger Delay, entered as a negative value, displaysthe acquisition time prior to the trigger event,

which occurs at time 0 when in Real Time sampling mode. Pre-trigger Delay can be set up to the instrument's maximum sample record length; how much actual time this represents depends on the timebase. At maximum pre-trigger Delay, the trigger position is off the grid (indicated by the arrow at the lower right corner), and everything you see represents 10 divisions of pre-trigger time.

l Post-trigger Delay, entered as a positive value, displays time following the trigger event. Post-trigger

Delay can cover a much greater lapse of acquisition time than pre-trigger Delay, up to the equivalent of 10,000 divisions after the trigger event occurred (it is limited at slower time/div settings and in Roll mode sampling). At maximum post-trigger Delay, the trigger point is off the grid far left of the time displayed.

Set to Zero returns Delay to zero.

Acquisition

Real Time Memory

Max. Sample Points is the maximum number of samples taken per acquisition. The actual number of samples acquired can be lower due to the current Sample Rate and Time/Division settings.

The instrument allocates memory as needed to maintain the highest sample rate possible for the timebase. To avoid aliasing and other waveform distortions, it isadvisable (per Nyquist) to acquire at a sample rate at least twice the bandwidth of the input signal. Use Max. Sample Points in relation to Time/Division to adjust the overall Sample Rate (shown on the Timebase descriptor). The formula for sample rate is: Sample Rate = Memory Samples/Acquisition Time, with the maximum sample rate being limited by the instrument's analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

On "A" models, if the sample rate isgreater than 2.5 GS/s, the system will automatically set Enhanced Sample Rate (Sinx/x Interpolation) for you to prevent aliasing at the higher sample rate (the Enhanced Sample Rate field will appear disabled on the Cx dialog). An upsample factor of 2 pts. is used for 5 GS/s timebases, or 4 pts. for 10 GS/s timebases. At lower rates, you can set the Enhanced Sample Rate factor yourself on the Cx dialog, or choose to use Linear interpolation.

Active Channels (Dual-Channel Acquisition)

The Active Channels settings allow you to combine the acquisition capabilities of the leftmost pair of channels (C1 and C2) and the rightmost pair of channels (C3 and C4) to result in two channels with maximum sample rate and memory.

In 4-channel mode, allchannels remain active at the default sample rate (12.5 Mpts/ch standard, 25 Mpts/ch with the –L memory option).

To combine channels, under Active Channels, choose 2 or Auto:

l 2-channel mode turns off waveform acquisition on Channels 1 and 4, although they can stillbe used

for trigger input. Channels 2 and 3 acquire at doubled sample rate and memory (25 Mpts/ch standard, or 50 Mpts/ch with the –L memory option).

l In Auto mode, the oscilloscope will allot the maximum memory and sample rate possible based on

the activity within each pair of channels. As long as only one channel in each of the C1-C2 and C3-C4 pairs is turned on, the maximum rate is used. Turning on both channelsin either pair has the same effect as selecting 4 Active Channels.

Example: In Auto mode, C1 can operate with either C3 or C4 at higher sample rate and memory since they belong to different pairs, and likewise C2. However, C1 cannot operate with C2 without dropping the sample rate, nor can C3 operate with C4.

Refer to the product datasheet for maximum sample rates.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Sampling Modes

The Sampling Mode determines how the instrument samples the input signal and renders it for display.

Real Time Sampling Mode

Real Time sampling mode is a series of digitized voltage values sampled on the input signal at a uniform rate. These samples are displayed as a series of measured data values associated with a single trigger event. By default (with no Delay), the waveform is positioned so that the trigger event is time 0 on the grid.

The relationship between sample rate, memory, and time can be expressed as:

Capture Interval = 1/Sample Rate X Memory Capture Interval/10 = Time Per Division

Usually, on fast timebase settings, the maximum sample rate is used when in Real Time mode. For slower timebase settings, the sample rate is decreased so that the maximum number of data samples is maintained over time.

Roll Sampling Mode

Roll mode displays, in real time, incoming points in single-shot acquisitions that appear to "roll" continuously across the screen from right to left until a trigger event isdetected and the acquisition is complete. The parameters or math functions set on each channel are updated every time the roll mode buffer is updated as new data becomes available. This resets statistics on every step of Roll mode that is valid because of new data.

Timebase must be set to 100 ms/div or slower to enable Roll mode selection. Roll mode samples at ≤ 5 MS/s. Only Edge trigger issupported.

Note: If the processing time is greater than the acquire time, the data in memory is overwritten. In

this case, the instrument issues the warning, "Channel data is not continuous in ROLL mode!!!" and rolling starts again.

RIS Sampling Mode

RIS (Random Interleaved Sampling) allows effective sampling rates higher than the maximum single-shot sampling rate. It is available on timebases ≤ 10 ns/div.

The maximum effective RIS sampling rate is achieved by making multiple single-shot acquisitions at maximum real-time sample rate. The bins thus acquired are positioned approximately 8 ps (125 GS/s) apart. The process of acquiring these bins and satisfying the time constraint isa random one. The relative time between ADC sampling instants and the event trigger provides the necessary variation.

Because the instrument requires multiple triggers to complete an acquisition, RIS isbest used on repetitive waveforms with a stable trigger. The number depends on the sample rate: the higher the sample rate, the more triggers are required. It then interleaves these segments (as shown in the following illustration) to provide a waveform covering a time interval that isa multiple of the maximum single-shot sampling rate. However, the real-time interval over which the instrument collects the waveform data is much longer, and depends on the trigger rate and the amount of interleaving required.

Acquisition

Sequence Sampling Mode

In Sequence Mode sampling, the completed waveform consists of a number of fixed-size segments. The instrument uses the Timebase Sequence settings to determine the capture duration of each segment. The desired number of segments, maximum segment length, and total available memory are used to determine the actual number of samples or segments, and time or points.

Sequence Mode is ideal when capturing many fast pulses in quick succession or when capturing few events separated by long time periods. The instrument can capture complicated sequences of events over large time intervals in fine detail, while ignoring the uninteresting periods between the events. Measurements can be made on selected segments using the full precision of the timebase.

Sequence Mode Set Up The Sequence dialog appears only when Sequence Mode sampling is selected. Use it to define the

number of fixed-size segments to be acquired in single-shot mode.

1. From the menu bar, choose Timebase > Horizontal Setup..., then Sequence Sampling Mode.

2. On the Sequence tab under Acquisition Settings, enter the Number of Segments to acquire.

3. To stop acquisition in case no valid trigger event occurs within a certain timeframe, check the Enable Timeout box and provide a Timeout value.

Note: While optional, Timeout ensures that the acquisition completes in a reasonable

amount of time and control is returned to the operator/controller without having to manually stop the acquisition, making it especially useful for remote control applications.

4. Touch one of the front panel Trigger buttons to begin acquisition.

Tip: You can interrupt acquisition at any time by pressing the front panel Stop button. In this

case, the segments already acquired will be retained in memory.

View Sequence Segments When in Sequence sampling mode, you can view individual segments easily using the front panel Zoom

button. A new zoom of the channel trace defaults to Segment 1.

You can view other segments by changing the First and total Num(ber) of segments to be shown on the Zx dialog. Touch the Zx descriptor box to display the dialog.

Tip: By setting the Num value to 1, you can use the front panel Adjust knob to scroll through each

segment in order.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Channel descriptor boxes indicate the total number of segments acquired in sequence mode. Zoom descriptor boxes show the first segment displayed and total number of segments displayed ([#] #). As with all other zoom traces, the zoomed segments are highlighted on the source trace.

Example: You have acquired 10 segments. You choose to display segments 4 to 6—or, a total of 3 segments beginning with segment 4. The Cx descriptor box reads 10. The Zx descriptor box reads [4]3, meaning you are displaying a total of 3 segments, starting with segment 4.

Tip: In Persistence display mode, the segments are automatically overlaid on top of one another

rather than stacked on the grid. Therefore, turning on Persistence is one way to achieve the effect of the Overlay segment display mode available on other instruments.

To view time stamps for each segment:

1. From the Sequence dialog, choose Show Sequence Trigger Times.

From the menu bar, choose Timebase > Acquisition Status, then open Trigger time .

2. Under Show Status For, choose Time.

Set Reference Clock

By default, the oscilloscope is set to use its internal clock of 10 MHz as the Timebase reference to synchronize acquisition across all channels.

You can opt to use an external reference clock for this purpose. Connect the clock source to the REF IN input on the back I/O panel of the oscilloscope using a BNC cable. Then, go to Timebase > Timebase Setup > Reference Clock tab and choose External.

Acquisition

History Mode

History Mode allowsyou to review any acquisition saved in the history buffer, which automatically stores all acquisition records until full. Not only can individual acquisitions be restored to the grid, you can "scroll" backward and forward through the history at varying speeds to capture individual detailsor changes in the waveforms over time.

Each record is indexed and time-stamped, and you can choose to view the absolute time of acquisition or the time relative to when you entered History Mode. In the latter case, the last acquisition istime zero, and all others are stamped with a negative time. The maximum number of records stored depends on your acquisition settings and the total available memory.

Press the front panel History Mode button, or choose Timebase > History Mode to access this feature.

Entering History Mode automatically stops new acquisitions. To leave History Mode, press the History Mode button again, or restart acquisition by pressing one of the front panel Trigger Mode buttons.

Note: History Mode does not work with Sequence Mode acquisitions, pre-processor Interpolation

set on the input channel, or channel interleaving.

Oscilloscope in History mode.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Replay Acquisition History

This is a good way to begin using History Mode. Watching a "movie" of the history allows you to see waveform changes that are invisible during real-time acquisition.

Select View History to enable the display, then use the Navigation buttons or the slider bar at the bottom of the dialog to "scroll" the history of acquisitions.

l The top row buttons scroll: Fast Backward, Slow Backward, Slow Forward, Fast Forward.

l The bottom row buttons step: Back to Start, Back One, Go to Index (row #), Forward One, Forward to

End.

Press Pause when you see something of interest, then use the History table to find the exact Index.

Select Single Acquisition

1. Select View History to enable the display, and View Table to show the index of records.

2. Optionally, select to show Relative Times on the table.

3. View individual acquisitions by selecting the row from the table or entering its Index number on the dialog.

Acquisition

Trigger

Triggers define the event around which digitized information is displayed on the grid.

Different Trigger Types are used to select different events in the trigger source waveforms: edge voltages, pulse widths, high/low states, etc. These may be a single channel event or a complex pattern of events across several channels. On instruments with Mixed Signal capabilities, many triggers can be set on either analog channels, including the External Trigger input, or digital lines.

In addition to the type, the Trigger Mode determines how the instrument behaves as it encounters trigger events: take a single acquisition and stop, holding on to the display of the last acquisition, or continuously take and display acquisitions.

In both cases, when the previous acquisition has completed processing, the oscilloscope is again ready to acquire and the READY indicator islit. If, while READY, the trigger circuit detects a signal that matches the trigger conditions, the oscilloscope triggers on the next matching event, and the TRIG'D indicator is lit.

Unless modified by a pre- or post-trigger Delay, the trigger event appears at time 0 at the horizontal center of the grid, and a period of time equal to five divisions of the timebase is shown to the left and right of it. Delay shifts the trigger position on screen, displaying a different portion of the pre- or post-trigger waveform.

An additional condition of Holdoff by time or events is available for Edge and Pattern triggers, including those that appear within MultiStage triggers. Holdoff arms the trigger on the first matching event, inserts the holdoff count, then triggers on a subsequent event. Often, especially with repetitive signals, the initial arming event appears to the left of the trigger in "negative" acquisition time.

Trigger Modes

The Trigger Mode determines how often the instrument acquires. It isequivalent to how analog oscilloscopes "sweep," or refresh, the display. Trigger Mode can be set from the Trigger menu or from the front panel Trigger control group.

In Single mode, when you choose Trigger >Single or press the front panel Single button, the oscilloscope readies, arms, and triggers provided all trigger conditions (including Holdoff) are met. It then stopsand continues to display the last acquisition until a new one is taken. The oscilloscope remains armed unless manually stopped or triggered, and if a valid trigger does not occur, invoking Single a second time will force a trigger and display the acquisition.

In Normal mode, operation is the same as in Single, except that the trigger automatically re-arms after the previous acquisition is complete, and data is continuously refreshed on the touch screen.

Auto operates the same as Normal mode, except that a trigger isforced if the trigger event has not occurred within a preset timeout period.

Stop ceases acquisition processing until you select one of the other three modes. The arming and Holdoff counters are cleared, even if there has not yet been a trigger since the previous acquisition.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Trigger Types

The Trigger Type sets the triggering conditions. Special MultiStage types allow one set of conditionsfor arming and another (same or different) set for triggering.

If a type is part of a subgroup (e.g., Smart), first choose the subgroup to display all the trigger options.

Basic Types

Edge triggers upon a achieving a certain voltage level in the positive or negative slope of the waveform.

Width triggers upon finding a positive- or negative-going pulse width when measured at the specified voltage level.

Pattern triggers upon a user-defined pattern of concurrent high and low voltage levels on selected inputs. In Mixed-Signal oscilloscopes, it may be a digital logic pattern relative to voltage levels on analog channels, or just a digital logic pattern omitting any analog inputs. Likewise, if your oscilloscope does not have MixedSignal capability, the pattern can be set using analog channelsalone.

TV triggers on a specified line and field in standard (PAL, SECAM, NTSC, HDTV) or custom composite video signals.

Serial triggers on the occurrence of user-defined serial data events. Thistype will only appear if you have installed protocol-specific serial data trigger and decode options.

MultiStage Types

MultiStage triggers establish dependencies between two or more distinct events, some that "qualify" or arm, and others that trigger. The individual events are defined exactly as are the basic types (Edge, Width, Pattern, etc.).

Qualified arms on the A event, then triggers on the B event. In Normal trigger mode, it automatically resets

after the B event, and re-arms upon the next matching A event.

Note: This functionality is identical to Teledyne LeCroy's previous Qualify and State triggers, but

presented through a different user interface.

Smart Triggers

Smart triggers allow you to apply Boolean logic conditionsto the basic signal characteristics of level, slope, and polarity to determine when to trigger.

Glitch triggers upon finding a pulse-width that is less than a specified time or within a specified time range.

Interval triggers upon finding a specific interval, the time (period) between two consecutive edges of the same polarity: positive to positive or negative to negative. Use the interval trigger to capture intervals that fall short of, or exceed, a specified range.

Dropout triggers when a signal lossis detected. The trigger isgenerated at the end of the timeout period following the last trigger source transition. It is used primarily in Single acquisitions with pre-trigger Delay.

Acquisition

Runt triggers when a pulse crosses a first threshold, but fails to crossa second threshold before recrossing the first. Other defining conditions for this trigger are the edge (triggers on the slope opposite to that selected) and runt width.

SlewRate triggers when the rising or falling edge of a pulse crosses an upper and a lower level. The pulse edge must cross the thresholds faster or slower than a selected period of time.

Trigger Set Up

To access the Trigger setup dialog, press the front panel Trigger Setup button or touch the Trigger descriptor box.

Different controls will appear depending on the Trigger Type selected (e.g., Slope for Edge triggers). Complete the settings shown after making your selection.

The trigger condition is summarized in a preview window at the far right of the Trigger dialog. Refer to this to confirm your selections are producing the trigger you want.

Source

For most triggers, the Source is the analog channel or digital line to inspect for the trigger conditions.

Tip: When triggering on analog channels, the source can be easily set by dragging the desired

source channel descriptor box onto the Trigger descriptor box. Note that the trigger coupling and slope/polarity will revert to whatever was last set on that channel.

Pattern triggers may utilize multiple sources (such as a mix of analog and digital signals), and likewise MultiStage triggers may use different sources for the arming and triggering events.

Coupling

For analog triggers, specify the type of signal Coupling at the input.

l DC - All the signal’s frequency components are coupled to the trigger circuit for high frequency bursts

or where the use of AC coupling would shift the effective trigger level.

l AC - The signal is capacitively coupled. DC levels are rejected, and frequencies below 50 Hz are

attenuated.

l LFREJ - The signal is coupled through a capacitive high-passfilter network, DC is rejected and signal

frequencies below 50 kHz are attenuated. For stable triggering on medium to high frequency signals.

l HFREJ - Signals are DC coupled to the trigger circuit, and a low-pass filter network attenuates

frequencies above 50 kHz (used for triggering on low frequencies).

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Slope/Polarity

For some triggers, such as Edge, you will be asked to select the waveform Slope (rising vs. falling) on which the triggering event may occur.

For others, such as Width, the equivalent selection will be Polarity (positive vs. negative).

Level

For analog triggers, enter the voltage Level at which the triggering condition must occur. Use the Find Level button to set the level to the signal mean.

Trigger types that require multiple crossings to define the triggering condition—such as Window, SlewRate and Runt— will have Upper Level and Lower Level fields.

For digital triggers, the level is determined by the Logic Family that is set on the digital group. This can also be specified by a custom (User-Defined) crossing Threshold and Hysteresis band. Usually, there will be a separate Logic dialog tab for these triggers.

Conditions (Smart Triggers)

Smart triggers all allow you to apply Boolean logic to refine the triggering condition beyond simply Level and Slope/Polarity.

The values that satisfy the operators of Less Than, Less Than or Equal To, Greater Than, etc. can be set by entering an Upper Value and/or Lower Value.

In some cases, it is possible to set a range of values that satisfy the condition. The values may be In Range that is bounded by the upper/lower values or Out Range.

The extent of the range can often also be specified by using a Nominal and Delta value, rather than an absolute upper and lower value. In this case, the Nominal value sets the center of the range, and the Delta determines how many units plus/minus the Nominal value are included in the range.

For Dropout triggers, the default is to Ignore Opposite Edge, setting the trigger to dropout of the Positive or Negative edge within the given timeframe. Deselecting it has the effect of setting the trigger to dropout on Both edges.

Patterns

A triggering pattern of low/high states across multiple inputs is used by the Pattern type and MultiStage types that include Patterns as either the arming or triggering event. Patterns may be set on analog channels, digital lines, or a combination or both when Mixed-Signal capabilities are available.

Digital Pattern

The Logic Bus method simplifies pattern set up by utilizing digital groups and logic you have already defined on the Digital Setup dialogs. A digital pattern is set on a single bus (group) manually or by applying a hexadecimal value, while the remaining lines are disabled ("Don't Care").

If you have not set up digital groups, you can set a digital pattern line by line using the Logic method. All available lines remain active for selection.

Acquisition

1. On the Trigger dialog, select Pattern trigger type. Open the Digital Pattern dialog.

2. At the far right of the dialog, choose either Logic Bus or Logic.

3. Optionally, deselect Filter Out Unstable Conditions. This default filter ignores short glitches in logic state triggers that last less than 3.5 ns.

4. If using Logic Bus, touch Source and select the digital group. Any lines that are not in this group will now be disabled.

5. To apply a digital logic pattern, either:

l Enter the hexadecimal value of the pattern in Hex or Value. Lines will take a logical 1, 0, or X

("Don't Care") according to the pattern. Disabled lines will remain X.

l Touch the Dx button for each active line, and select whether it must be High or Low compared

to the logic threshold. Depending on your selection, a logical 1 (High) or 0 (Low) now appears on the dialog. Leave X selected for any line you wish to exclude from the pattern. Use the Left and Right Arrow buttonsto display lines in other digital banks.

Note: As an alternative to a pattern, you may set edge conditions on any line. Touch the Dx

button and choose the edge. Edge conditionsalwaysassume a logical OR in the overall trigger criteria.

As you work, the checkboxes along the bottom of the dialog will change to show the pattern. You can also use these checkboxes to make selections.

6. If you have not already set a logic threshold, open the Levels dialog and select a Logic Family for each digital bank from which you've selected lines. To set a custom logic threshold, choose Logic Family User Defined, then enter the Threshold voltage and Hysteresis.

Note: Digital lines inherit the Logic Setup made when defining digital groups. However, you

can change the logic threshold on the Levels dialog. The two settings are linked and always reflect whatever was last selected. Logic thresholds can only be set per lead bank, not individual line.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Analog Pattern

Tip: With the Mixed-Signal option, you can also use the Digital Pattern dialog to set an analog state

pattern. Touch Set All To... and select Don't Care. This will eliminate any meaningful digital pattern and activate all the Boolean operators. Use the Left Arrow button to display the C1-EXT group of inputs, and follow the procedure below to set the low/high pattern on each input.

1. On the Trigger dialog, select the Pattern trigger type.

2. Select the Boolean Operator (AND, NAND, OR, or NOR) that describes the relationship among analog inputs (e.g., C1 must be High AND C2 must be Low).

3. For each input to be included in the trigger pattern, select what State it must be in (High, Low, or Don't Care) compared to the threshold Level you will set. Leave "Don't Care" selected for any input you wish to exclude.

4. For each input included in the trigger, enter the voltage threshold Level.

MultiStage Triggers

MultiStage types arm on the A event, then trigger on a subsequent event. The options for the triggering event depend on the type of arming event.

See Qualified.

TV Trigger

TV triggers on a specified line and field in standard (PAL, SECAM, NTSC, HDTV) or custom composite video signals.

1. Choose the Source signal input.

2. Choose the signal TV Standard. To use a custom signal, also enter the Frame Rate , # of Fields per line, # of Lines, and Interlace ratio.

3. Choose the Line and Field upon which to trigger.

Acquisition

Serial Trigger

The Serial trigger type will appear if you have installed serial data trigger and decode options. Select the Serial type then the desired Protocol to open the serial trigger setup dialogs. For setup instructions, see the software instruction manual at teledynelecroy.com/support/techlib under Manuals > Software Options.

Qualified Trigger

A Qualified trigger arms on the A event, then triggers on the B event. In Normal trigger mode, it automatically resets after the B event, and re-arms upon the next matching A event. Unlike a basic Edge or Pattern trigger with Holdoff, the A and B events can occur in different signals, allowing you to use the state of one signal to "qualify" the trigger on another.

On the Trigger dialog, select Qualified trigger type to display the controls.

Besides an Edge or Pattern, two special conditions may be selected as the arming event (A):

l State, an analog or digital High/Low state ocurring on a single input.

l PatState, a pattern of analog or digital High/Low states across multiple inputs.

When B is an Edge or Pattern, a time window may be added to the trigger conditions by using the When B Occurs buttons:

l Any Time triggers if B occurs any time after being qualified by A.

l Less Than triggers only if B occurs before the time set once qualified.

l Greater Than triggers only if B occurs after the time set once qualified.

l Events triggers on the next B event after the specified N Events once qualified.

As with regular Holdoff, the counter may begin from the Acquisition Start or the Last Trigger Time.

Once you've selected the A and B events on the Qualified dialog, set up the conditions on the respective "Event" dialogs exactly as you would a single-stage trigger.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Trigger Holdoff

Holdoff iseither a period of time or an event count that may be set as an additional condition for Edge and Pattern triggers. Holdoff disables the trigger temporarily, even if the other conditions are met. Use Holdoff to obtain a stable trigger for repetitive, composite waveforms. For example, if the number or duration of sub-signals is known, you can disable them by setting an appropriate Holdoff value.

Note: Qualified operates using time or event conditions similar to Holdoff, but arm and trigger

differently.

Hold Off by Time

This is a period of time to wait after the arming event before triggering on the next event. The maximum allowed time is 20 seconds; the Holdoff time would otherwise be limited only by the input signal, the coupling, and the instrument's bandwidth.

When a Holdoff by time is counted from the start of the acquisition, the oscilloscope readies, arms on the first event, holds for the specified time, then triggers on the next event. After one full acquisition has completed, the oscilloscope again readies, arms, holds, and triggers for the following acquisition.

Positive Edge trigger with Holdoff by time counted from the start of acquisition.

When a Holdoff by time is counted from the last trigger time, the oscilloscope immediately re-arms on the first event following the trigger and begins counting the Holdoff, rather than wait to complete the full acquisition. The Holdoff count continues even during the very brief time between acquisitions while the oscilloscope is processing. As soon as the Holdoff is satisfied and the oscilloscope isagain ready, it triggers on the next event. The re-arming and Holdoff may occur in one acquisition, and the trigger in the next.

Positive Edge trigger with Holdoff by time counted from the last trigger time.

Acquisition

Note: Because there is only one trigger per acquisition, the trigger event will always belongs to the

new acquisition. The processing time shown here is for purposes of illustration only.

Regardless of where in the acquisition record the trigger event wasfound (first edge or last), the display will show time pre- and post-trigger based on your Time/Div and Delay settings.

Hold Off by Events

Events refers to the number of times the trigger conditions have been met following the arming event.

For example, if the Holdoff is two edges counted from the start of the acquisition, the oscilloscope readies, arms on the first edge, holds off for the next two, triggers on the fourth edge, then completes the acquisition. Because there must always be a first arming edge, the Holdoff appears to be "Holdoff plus one."

Positive Edge trigger with Holdoff by events counted from start of acquisition.

As with Holdoff by time, when a Holdoff by events is counted from the last trigger time, the oscilloscope rearms immediately following the trigger and begins the Holdoff count. If the count is satisfied by the time the oscilloscope is again ready, the trigger occurs on the next event at the start of the new acquisition.

Positive Edge trigger with Holdoff by events counted from last trigger time.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Holdoff Set Up

To add Holdoff to an Edge or Pattern trigger, touch the Trigger descriptor box or pressthe front panel Trigger Setup button, then open the Holdoff tab.

Choose to Holdoff by Time (the clock) or Events.

l If using Holdoff by Time, enter the Time in S to wait before triggering.

l If using Holdoff by Events, enter the number of Events to wait before triggering.

Choose to Start Holdoff Counter On:

l Current Acquisition Start time.

l Last Trigger Time from previousacquisition.

Display

Display settings affect the number and style of grids that appear on screen and some of the visual characteristics of traces, such as persistence.

HDO oscilloscopes feature multi-grid display, where each separate grid represents the full number of 4096 vertical levels.

Auto Grid is enabled by default. This feature adds a grid each time a new trace is opened, up to 16 grids, until no more gridsare available. There are display options to show all traces on a Single Grid, or to manually divide the display into different numbers and orientations of grids. The Grid icon shows what the result of the selection will be.

Multi-grid display.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Display Set Up

To access the Display dialog, choose Display > Display Setup.

Note: The "Extend Grids..." option only appears when a second monitor is connected. Minimize the

oscilloscope window and use the standard WindowsDisplay controls to make the instrument the primary display. It should be extended, not duplicated.

Grid Mode

Select one of the grid modes. The selection icon showsthe number and arrangement of grids.

Grid Mode Number Orientation Notes

Auto (default)

Single 1 landscape All traces share one grid

Dual 2 landscape One top, one bottom

Tandem 2 portrait One left, one right

Quad 4 landscape Stacked top to bottom

Quattro 4 landscape One in each quarter of screen

Octal 8 landscape Two columns of four stacked top to bottom

XY 1 portrait Single XY type grid

XYSingle 2 portrait One VT grid left, one XY grid right

XYDual 3 variable Two VT grids left, one XYgrid right

variable landscape Automatically adds or deletes grids as traces turned on/off, up to the maximum

supported

Note: Additional grid modes may become available with the installation of software options.

Grid Intensity

To dim or brighten the background grid lines, touch Grid Intensity and enter a value from 0 to 100.

Grid on top superimposes the grid over the waveform.

Note: Some waveforms may be hidden from view with the grid on top.

Display

Axis labels display the values represented by each division of the grid, based on your vertical scale and timebase. Turned on by default, they may appear asabsolute values or delta from center (0). Deselect the checkbox to remove them from the display.

Trace Intensity

Choose a line style for traces: solid Line or disconnected sample Points.

When more data is available than can actually be displayed, Trace Intensity helps to visualize significant events by applying an algorithm that dims lessfrequently occurring samples. Touch Intensity and enter a value from 0 to 100.

Intensity 40% (left) dims samples that occur ≤ 40% of the time to highlight the more frequent samples,

vs. intensity 100% (right) which shows all samples the same.

XY Plots

XY plots display the phase shift between otherwise identical signals. They can be used to display either voltage or frequency on both axes, each axis now corresponding to a different signal input, rather than a different parameter. The shape of the resulting pattern reveals information about phase difference and frequency ratio.

Note: The inputs can be any combination of channels, math functions, or memories, but both

sources must have the same X-axis scale.

Choose an XY grid mode and select the sources for Input X and Input Y.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Persistence Display

The Persistence feature retains waveform traces on the display for a set amount of time before allowing them to gradually "decay," similar to the analog-style display of old, phosphor screen oscilloscopes.

The display is generated by repeated sampling of events over time and the accumulation of the sampled data into "persistence maps". Statistical integrity is preserved because the duration (decay) is proportional to the persistence population for each amplitude or time combination in the data.

The different persistence modes show the most frequent signal path in three-dimensional intensities of the same color (Analog), or in a graded spectrum of colors (Color).

Access the Persistence dialog from the Display dialog or by choosing Display > Persistence Setup.

Apply Persistence

1. Check Persistence On.

2. Use the buttonsto select a persistence mode:

Color Mode persistence works on the same principle asAnalog persistence, but instead uses the entire color spectrum to map signal intensity: violet for minimum population, red for maximum population. In this mode, all traces use all colors, which is helpful for comparing amplitudes by seeking like colors among the traces.

In Analog Mode, as a persistence data map develops, different intensities of the same color are assigned to the range between a minimum and a maximum population. The maximum population automatically gets the highest intensity, the minimum population gets the lowest intensity, and

intermediate populations get intensities in between these extremes. The information in the lower populations (for example, down at the noise level) could be of greater interest to you than the rest. The Analog persistence view highlights the distribution of data so that you can examine it in detail.

3. Select the Saturation level as a percentage of the maximum population. All populations above the saturation population are assigned the highest color intensity: that is, they are saturated. At the same time, allpopulationsbelow the saturation level are assigned the remaining intensities. Data populations are dynamically updated as data from new acquisitionsis accumulated. A saturation level of 100% spreads the intensity variation across the entire distribution; at lower saturation levels the intensity will saturate (become brighter) at the percentage value specified. Lowering this

percentage causes the pixels to be saturated at a lower population and makes visible those events rarely seen at higher saturation levels.

4. In Persistence Time, enter the duration of time (in seconds) after which persistence data is erased from the display.

5. Choose to superimpose the last waveform over the persistence display by selecting Show Last Trace.

6. To display persistence traces as a continuous line (instead of a series of sample points), select Dot Joined.

Remove Persistence

To turn off persistence and return to the regular trace style, clear Persistence On.

Display

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Math and Measure

Teledyne LeCroy offers a rich set of standard, pre-programmed tools for the "quickest time to insight" into the characteristics of acquired waveforms. Most instruments calculate measurements for all samples in an acquisition, enabling you to rapidly and thoroughly calculate thousandsor millionsof parameter values and apply a variety of mathematical functions to the input waveform trace.

Cursors

Cursors are markers (lines or cross-hairs) that identify voltage and time values on the waveform. Use cursors to make fast, accurate measurements of specific points in the waveform. There are three, standard cursor types available.

Vertical (amplitude) cursor readouts appear the trace descriptor box; Horizontal (time) cursor readouts appear below the Timbebase descriptor box.

Cursors can be placed on math functions whose X-axis has a dimension other than time, such as an FFT. When there is at least one non-time-domain math trace open, the Standard Cursorsdialog contains an X- Axis control where you can choose the units measured by the horizontal cursors. The options will be appropriate to the types of function traces open; for example, if there is an FFT trace, there is an option for Hz. The cursor lines are placed on the traces that normally display X-axisvalues in the selected units.

Horizontal cursors.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Cursor Types

These cursors can be placed on most Channel, Memory, Math or Zoom traces:

l Horizontal (Time) cursorsintersect two points on the horizontal axis. The readout shows absolute

values and a delta of the two points.

l Vertical (Amplitude) cursors intersect two points on the vertical axis. The readout shows absolute

values and a delta of the two points.

l The Horizontal + Vertical option places both cursors together.

Two other cursors are offered only in special circumstances:

l Horizontal (Frequency) cursors look the same as Horizontal (Time) cursors except that they are

placed on waveforms that have frequency on the x-axis, such as FFTs.

l Horizontal (Event) cursors are placed only on Trend waveforms.

Apply and Position Cursors

Apply Cursors

To turn on cursors, either:

l From the menu bar, choose Cursors and select the desired cursor type from the drop-down list.

l On the front panel, press the Cursor Type button repeatedly to cycle through all the cursor types.

Stop when the desired type is displayed.

Note: There must be a waveform on the grid for cursorsto execute, although acquisition may be in

process or stopped when you turn them on.

To turn off cursors, choose Cursors > Off, or continue cycling the Cursor Type button until they disappear.

Position Cursors

The easiest way to reposition a cursor is to drag-and-drop the cursor marker to a new position. Indicators outside the grid show to which trace the cursor belongs when you have multiple traces on one grid.

Alternatively, turn the front panel Cursors knob. Push the knob until the correct line isselected, then turn to move it. When there are multiple traces each with its own cursors on the same grid, bring the desired trace to the foreground by touching the trace or its descriptor box. The Cursors knob will only operate on the foreground trace.

If Horizontal cursors are applied to a source trace but do not appear on its dependent traces (e.g., a zoom) because of differences in scale, drag-and-drop the cursor readout from below the Timebase descriptor box onto the target trace or its descriptor box. This applies the same cursorsat the 5 division mark of the target trace and adjusts source cursorsaccordingly.

Math and Measure

Standard Cursors Dialog

These controls can be used instead of the front panel controls to set cursors or to refine the cursor position. Access the dialog by choosing Cursors > Cursors Setup from the menu bar.

Cursor Type buttons select the type of cursor displayed on the grid. Off disables the cursor display.

The Position controls at the right-side of the Standard Cursors dialog display the current cursor location and can be used to set a new location. The optionsavailable depend on the Cursor Type settings.

l X 1 (negative) and X 2 (positive) sets time from the zero point.

l Y 1 (negative) and Y 2 (positive) sets number of divisions from the zero level. May be a fraction of a

division.

l Track locks cursor lines so they move together, maintaining their same relative distance from each

other.

l Find places the cursor 2.5 divisions (negative or positive) from the trigger point on the first touch. On

the second touch, it returns the cursor to its previous position.

XY Cursors Dialog

If your Grid Mode selection includes an XY trace display, an XY Cursors dialog appears behind the Standard Cursorsdialog. Use it to exactly position and track the cursors on the XY trace, the same as you use the settings on the Standard Cursors dialog for VT traces. The functionality is the same.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Measure

Measurement parameters are toolsthat give you access to a wide range of waveform properties. Use them to analyze many attributes of your waveform such as rise-time, rmsvoltage, and peak-to-peak voltage. Measurements can also be graphed as a trend for statistical analysis.

Create a custom set of parameters drawn from all available measurements.

Measure Table

Measurement readouts appear in a table below the grid. The value row showsthe measurements taken for each parameter on the last cycle of the last acquisition. Other rowsshow optional statistics.

Measurement Status Indicators

Symbolsin the status row of the Measure table indicate the following:

Symbol Description

Problem with the signal or the setup. Touch cell to see explanation in message bar.

Valid value returned.

Unable to determine top and base; however, measurement may still be valid.

Underflow condition.

Overflow condition.

Simultaneous underflow and overflow condition.

Navigating with the Table

Close setup dialogs when the Measure table is displayed to maximize the touch screen area available for viewing waveforms. To quickly return to the Measure dialog when closed, touch anywhere in the table.

Math and Measure

Parameter Set Up

The Measure Dialog gives quick access to measurement features. Besides configuring parameters, use the Measure dialog to show Statistics and Histicons, or to Gate measurements. You can also plot the measurement results as a Trend.

1. To open the Measure dialog, touch the Add New box and select Measurement, or choose Measure > Measure Setup from the menu bar.

2. Check Show Table to display the measurement readout on screen.

3. For each parameter (Px):

l Touch the Measurement field and choose a measurement from the list.

l Touch the Source field and choose the source trace to measure. This can be any type of input

available to your instrument; all will appear on the Source pop-up selector.

4. Enter the measurement Level for @Level parameters. All @Level parameters are measured at the same level. Level can only be set as a percentage when an @Level parameter has been selected.

Tip: Clear All Definitions resets all parameters to "None". Selections cannot be restored after

clearing, you must repeat parameter set up.

Statistics

Checking Statistics On adds the measures mean, min., max., sdev, and num(ber of measurements computed) to the table.

For any parameter that computes on an entire waveform (like amplitude, mean, minimum, maximum, etc.) the num statistic represents the number of sweeps.

For any parameter that computes on every event, the num statistic represents the number of events per acquired waveform. If x waveforms were acquired, num is x times the number of cycles per waveform.

To reset the statistics counter, touch Clear Sweeps on the display or front panel.

Histicons

Histicons are miniature histograms of measurement parameters that appear on the measurement table. These thumbnail histograms let you see at a glance the statistical distribution of each parameter. Select the Histicons checkbox to turn on histicons.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Gating Measurements

By using gates, you can narrow the span of the waveform on which to perform tests and measurements, allowing you to focus on the area of greatest interest. For example, if you "gate" five rising edges of the waveform, rise time calculations are performed only on the five pulses bounded by the gate posts.

The default starting positions of the gate posts are 0 div and 10 div, which coincide with the left and right ends of the grid. Therefore, the gate initially encloses the entire waveform.

The quickest way to set a gate is to drag the gate posts from the far left and right of the grid to the desired positions. You can refine this setting down to hundredths of a division by using the Gate Start and Stop fields. All parameters share the same gate.

Touch the Default button to return gates to the width of the trace.

Plot Trend

A Trend is a plot composed of a series of parameter measurements in the order the measurements were taken. The vertical units are those of the source parameter, the horizontal unit is measurement number. The Trend contains a single value for each measurement. Think of Trend as a strip chart recorder for your instrument.

Trends are especially useful for visualizing the history of a parameter over an extended period of time or over multiple acquisitions. Trend can be used if your data is spaced widely apart and longer than the deadtime between acquisitions.

Although a Trend plots measurement values, it is created as a Math function and controlled on the Function (Fx) dialogs.

1. On the Measure dialog, touch the Trend button next to the parameter and choose the function (Fx) in which to display the plot. The Trend opens in a new grid along with its function descriptor box.

2. Touch the new Trend descriptor box to display the Fx dialog, then open the Trend subdialog.

3. Choose a computation Mode of All(plots multiple points per acquisition) or Average (plots one point per acquisition). Enter the number of measured Values to Trend.

4. To rescale the Trend, uncheck Auto Find Scale and enter the new Center and Height/div values. You can also use Find Scale to automatically find suitable values.

List of Standard Measurements

Measurements included standard with the oscilloscope are listed below alphabetically.

Note: There may be additional parameters available depending on the software options installed

on the oscilloscope.

Measurement Description

Math and Measure

Amplitude (ampl)

Area

Base

Delay

Dperiod@level (dper@lv)

Dtime@level (dt@lv)

Duty Cycle

Duty@level (duty@lv)

Edge@level (edge@lv)

Measures the difference between upper and lower levels in two-level signals. Differs from pkpk in that noise, overshoot, undershoot, and ringing do not affect the measurement. Amplitude is calculated by using the formula Top – Base. On signals not having two major levels (such as triangle or saw-tooth waves), the amplitude parameter returns the same value as peak-to-peak.

Integral of data: Computes area of the waveform relative to zero level. Values greater than zero contribute positively to the area; values less than zero, negatively.

Lower of two most probable states (higher is top). Measures lower level in two-level signals. Differs from min in that noise, overshoot, undershoot, and ringing do not affect measurement. On signals not having two major levels (such as triangle or saw-tooth waves), the amplitude parameter returns the same value as minimum.

Time from trigger to transition: Measures time between trigger and first 50% crossing of specifies signal. Delay can be used to measure the propagation delay between two signals by triggering on one and determining delay of other.

Adjacent cycle deviation (cycle-to-cycle jitter) of the period measurement for each cycle in a waveform. The reference level for this measurement can be specified.

Computes the time between transitions of the selected sources at the specified levels. Only positive going transitions are counted.

Percent of period for which data are above or below the 50% level of the signal.

Percent of period for which data are above or below a specified level.

Number of positive edges in waveform that cross the specified threshold level.

Fall 80-20% (fall8020)

Fall time (fall)

Frequency (freq)

Freq@level (freq@lv)

Maximum (max)

Duration of pulse waveform's falling transition from 80% to 20% of the amplitude averaged for all falling transitions between the measurement gates. On signals not having two major levels (triangle or saw-tooth waves, for example), top and base can default to maximum and minimum, giving less predictable results.

Duration of pulse waveform's falling transition from 90% to 10% of the amplitude averaged for all falling transitions between the measurement gates. On signals not having two major levels (triangle or saw-tooth waves, for example), top and base can default to maximum and minimum, giving less predictable results.

Period of cyclic signal measured as time between every other pair of 50% crossings. Starting with first transition after left measurement gate. The period is measured for each transition pair. The reciprocal of each period measurement is calculated as the frequency.

Period of cyclic signal measured as time between every other pair at the specified level. Starting with first transition after left measurement gate. The period is measured for each transition pair. The reciprocal of each period measurement is calculated as the frequency.

Measures highest point in waveform. Unlike top, does not assume waveform has two levels.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Measurement Description

Mean

Minimum (min)

None

Overshoot-

Overshoot+

Peak to Peak (pkpk)

Period

Period@level (per@lv)

Phase

Average of data for time domain waveform. Computed as centroid of distribution for a histogram of the data values.

Measures the lowest point in a waveform. Unlike base, does not assume waveform has two levels.

Disables parameter calculation.

Amount of overshoot following a falling edge. This is represented as percentage of amplitude. Overshoot- is calculated using the formula (base - min.)/ampl x 100. On signals not having two major levels (triangle or saw-tooth waves, for example), may not give predictable results.

Amount of overshoot following a rising edge specified This is represented as a percentage of amplitude. Overshoot+ is calculated using the formula (max. - top)/ampl x 100. On signals not having two major levels (triangle or saw-tooth waves, for example), may not give predictable results.

Difference between highest and lowest points in waveform. Unlike ampl, does not assume the waveform has two levels. Peak to peak is calculated using the formula

The time between every other pair of 50% crossings. Starting with first transition after left measurement gate, period is measured for each transition pair, with values averaged to give final result.

The time between every other pair of at the level specified. Starting with first transition after left measurement gate, period is measured for each transition pair, with values averaged to give final result.

Phase difference between signal analyzed and signal used as reference. Both signals are measured from the 50% point of their rising edges.

maximum – minimum

Rise 20-80% (rise2080)

Rise Time

RMS

Skew

Std Dev (sdev)

Duration of pulse waveform's rising transition from 20% to 80% of the amplitude averaged for all rising transitions between the measurement gates. On signals not having two major levels (triangle or saw-tooth waves, for example), top and base can default to maximum and minimum, giving less predictable results.

Duration of pulse waveform's rising transition from 10% to 90% of the amplitude averaged for all rising transitions between the measurement gates. On signals not having two major levels (triangle or saw-tooth waves, for example), top and base can default to maximum and minimum, giving less predictable results.

Root Mean Square of data between the measure gates calculated using the formula:

Where: vi denotes measured sample values, and N = number of data points within the periods found up to maximum of 100 periods.

Time of clock1 edge minus time of nearest clock2 edge. Both signals are measured from the 50% point of their rising edges.

Standard deviation of the data between the measure gates using the formula:

Where: vi denotes measured sample values, and N = number of data points within the periods found up to maximum of 100 periods. This is equivalent to the rms for a zero-mean waveform. Also referred to as AC RMS

Time@level (time@lv)l

Time from trigger (t=0) to crossing at a specified level.

Measurement Description

Higher of two most probable states (base is lower). Measures higher level in two-level signals.

Top

Width

Differs from max in that noise, overshoot, undershoot, and ringing do not affect measurement. On signals not having two major levels (such as triangle or saw-tooth waves), the amplitude parameter returns the same value as minimum.

Width of cyclic signal determined by examining 50% crossings in data input. If first transition after left cursor is a rising edge, waveform is considered to consist of positive pulses and width the time between adjacent rising and falling edges. Conversely, if falling edge, pulses are considered negative and width the time between adjacent falling and rising edges. For both cases, widths of all waveform pulses are averaged for the final result.

Math and Measure

WidthN (widn)

Time of cyclic signal determined by examining 50% crossings in data input. The widthN is measured from falling edge to rising edge.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Calculating Measurements

The instrument uses the following methods to calculate measurements.

Determining Top and Base Lines

Proper determination of the top and base reference lines is fundamental for ensuring correct parameter calculations. The analysis begins by computing a histogram of the waveform data over the time interval spanned by the left and right measurement gates. For example, the histogram of a waveform transitioning in two states will contain two peaks (see figure). The analysis will attempt to identify the two clusters that contain the largest data density. Then the most probable state (centroids) associated with these two clusters will be computed to determine the top and base reference levels: the top line corresponds to the top and the base line to the bottom centroid.

Determining Rise and Fall Times

Once top and base are estimated, rise and fall times are calculated. The appropriate threshold levels are automatically determined by the instrument, using the amplitude (ampl) parameter.

Rising Edge Duration

Falling Edge Duration

Where Mr is the number of rising edges found, Mf the number of falling edges found, the time when

rising edge i crosses the x% level, and the time when falling edge i crosses the x% level.

Math and Measure

Determining Time Parameters

Time parameter measurements such as width, period and delay are carried out with respect to the mesial reference level, located halfway (50%) between the top and base reference lines or with respect to the specified level for @level parameters.

Determining Differential Time Measurements

The instrument enables accurate differential time measurements between two traces: for example, propagation, setup and hold delays.

In the figure below, Skew measures the time interval separating the rising edge of Source1 from the rising edge of Source2.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Math

Math traces (Fx) display the result of applying a mathematical operation to a source trace. The output of a math function is always another trace, whereas the output of a measurement parameter isa tabular readout of the measurement.

Math can be applied to any channel (Cx), zoom (Zx), or memory (Mx) trace. It can even be applied to another math trace, allowing you to chain operations (for example, trace F1 can show the average of C1, while trace F2 provides the integral of F1). Functions such as Trend can be applied to measurement parameters (Px) to plot the history of the measurement.

In addition to the extensive math capabilities that are standard with every instrument, enhanced math analysis tools customized for various industries and applications are offered through optional software packages. To learn about math tools available in each optional package, see the product datasheets at

teledynelecroy.com.

If you have installed software options, the new capabilities are usually accessed through the Analysis menu, rather than the Math menu, although special measure parameters and math functions will be available when using Measure and Math dialogs.

Math Function Set Up

Use the Function dialog to set up math function traces. Math functionstake as input one or more channel, zoom, memory or math traces and output a new function trace (Fx). Any additional settingsrequired for the operator will appear on a subdialog at the right of the screen.

Single functions perform one operation on one or two input sources.

Dual functionschain two operationsto arrive at a single result. This saves you the effort of having to chain two separate math functions. As with single functions, the number of sources required will vary based on the operation. You may need only one source for Operator1, but two for Operator2 (the result of the first operation countsas one source).

Setting Up New Functions

1. From the menu bar choose Math > Math Setup, or press the front panel Math button.

2. Choose a location by touching one of the Fx tabs.

If you know which function location you'll be using, you can select Fx Setup right from the Math menu.

3. Choose a single f(x) or dual g(f(x) operator function.

Math and Measure

4. In Operator1, choose the math operation to perform.

5. The choice of operator drives the number of Source fields you will see displayed. Make a selection in each field, or drag the source channel descriptor box to the field.

A Summary of the function you are building appears on the dialog. Refer to this to be sure your sources are in the proper order to yield the function you want (e.g., C1-C2 vs. C2-C1).

6. If the operator you've selected has any other configurable settings, you'll see a subdialog of the same name as the operator. Touch the tab to open the dialog and make any further settings. These are explained on the dialog.

7. If you're creating a dual function, repeat the procedure for the second operator.

Adjusting Memory or Math Traces

Unlike channel traces, the scale of memory (Mx) or math function (Fx) traces can be adjusted directly without having to create a separate zoom trace. The same set of zoom factor controls used for zoom traces appear on the Zoom subdialog, but in this context they only rescale the active math or memory trace rather than create a new zoom. This applies to any trace that iscreated as a math function (Fx) trace, including traces generated through analysis options and graphs.

You can, if you wish, create a separate zoom trace from a memory or function trace the same as you would normally create a zoom (draw a selection box, Add New Zoom, etc.). In this case, you choose one of the zoom locations (Zx) in which to draw the trace, but the source trace remains at the original scale.

Math Dialog

Once a math function has been created and saved on the Function (Fx) dialog, use the main Math dialog to quickly enable/disable it. You can also use this dialog to quickly turn on/off zoom traces.

To open the Math dialogs, touch the front panel Math button, or from the menu bar choose Math > Math Setup. Select the On checkbox next to each function you wish to display.

To modify a function, touch the Fx button.

To erase all functions from their locations, touch Reset All.

To restart the counter on cumulative functions (like Average), touch Clear Sweeps.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Average Function

Setting Up Averaging

To apply Continuous or Summed Averaging as a Math function:

1. Follow the usual steps to set up a math fuction, selecting Average from the Basic Math submenu.

2. On the Average subdialog, choose Summed or Continuous.

3. Touch Sweeps and provide a value. The valid range is1 to 1,000,000 sweeps.

Tip: To quickly set up Continuous Averaging (only), access the channel setup dialog (Cx) and enter

the number of sweeps to average in Averaging. The valid range is 1 to 1,000,000 sweeps.

Summed Averaging

Summed Averaging is the repeated addition, with equal weight, of successive source waveform records. If a stable trigger is available, the resulting average has a random noise component lower than that of a single-shot record. Whenever the maximum number of sweeps is reached, the averaging process stops. In Summed averaging, you specify the number of acquisitions to be averaged. The averaged data isupdated at regular intervals.

An even larger number of records can be accumulated simply by changing the number in the dialog. However, the other parameters must be left unchanged or a new averaging calculation willbe started. You can pause the averaging by changing the trigger mode from NORMAL/AUTO to STOP. The instrument resumes averaging when you change the trigger mode back to NORMAL/AUTO.

You can reset the accumulated average by pushing the CLEAR SWEEPS button or by changing an acquisition parameter such as input gain, offset, coupling, trigger condition, timebase, or bandwidth limit. The number of current averaged waveforms of the function, or its zoom, is shown in the acquisition status dialog. When summed averaging is performed, the display is updated at a reduced rate to increase the averaging speed (points and events per second).

Continuous Averaging

Continuous Averaging, the default setting, is the repeated addition, with unequal weight, of successive source waveforms. It is particularly useful for reducing noise on signals that drift very slowly in time or amplitude. The most recently acquired waveform has more weight than all the previously acquired ones: the continuousaverage is dominated by the statistical fluctuationsof the most recently acquired waveform. The weight of ‘old' waveforms in the continuous average tends to zero (following an exponential rule) at a rate that decreases as the weight increases.

You determine the importance of new data vs. old data by assigning a weighting factor. Continuous averaging allowsyou to make adjustments to a system under test and to see the resultsimmediately. The formula for both summed and continuous averaging is:

new average = (new data + weight * old average)/(weight + 1)

Math and Measure

However, by setting a Sweeps value, you establish a fixed weight that is assigned to the old average once the number of sweeps is reached. For example, for a sweeps (weight) value of 4:

Sweep New Average =

1 (no old average yet) (new data +0 * old average)/(0 + 1) = new data only

2 (new data + 1*old average)/(1 + 1) = 1/2 new data +1/2 old average

3 (new data + 2 * old average)/(2 + 1) = 1/3 new data + 2/3 old average

4 (new data + 3 * old average)/(3 + 1) = 1/4 new data + 3/4 old average

5 (new data + 4 * old average)/(4 + 1) = 1/5 new data + 4/5 old average

6 (new data + 4 * old average)/(4 + 1) = 1/5 new data + 4/5 old average

7 (new data + 4 * old average)/(4 + 1) = 1/5 new data + 4/5 old average

In this way, for sweeps > 4 the importance of the old average begins to decrease exponentially.

Note: The number of sweeps used to compute the average is displayed at the bottom of the trace

descriptor box.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

ERes Function

ERes (Enhanced Resolution) filtering increases vertical resolution, allowing you to distinguish closely spaced voltage levels. The instrument's ERes function is similar to smoothing the signal with a simple, moving-average filter. However, it is more efficient concerning bandwidth and pass-band filtering.

Use ERes:

l On single-shot acquisitions, or where the data record is slowly repetitive (cases where you cannot use

averaging).

l To reduce noise on noticeably noisy signals when you do not need to perform noise measurements.

l When performing high-precision voltage measurements (e.g., zooming with high vertical gain).

Setting Up ERes

To apply ERes as a Math function:

1. Follow the usual steps to set up a math function, selecting Eres from the Filter submenu.

2. Touch the Trace On checkbox.

3. On the Eres subdialog, then touch bits and make a selection from the pop-up menu.

Tip: To quickly set up ERes as a pre-processing function, access the channel setup dialog (Cx) and

select a Noise Filter (ERes) bit size.

How the Instrument Enhances Resolution

The instrument's enhanced resolution feature improves vertical resolution by a fixed amount for each filter. This real increase in resolution occurs whether or not the signal isnoisy, or whether it is single-shot or repetitive. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement depends on the form of the noise in the original signal. The enhanced resolution filtering decreases the bandwidth of the signal, filtering out some of the noise.

The instrument's constant phase finite impulse response (FIR) filters provide fast computation, excellent step response in 0.5 bit steps, and minimum bandwidth reduction for resolution improvements of between

0.5 and 3 bits. Each step corresponds to a bandwidth reduction factor of two, allowing easy controlof the bandwidth resolution trade-off.

Math and Measure

Resolution

increased by

0.5 0.5 2

1.0 0.241 5

1.5 0.121 10

2.0 0.058 24

2.5 0.029 51

3.0 0.016 117

-3 dB Bandwidth (x Nyquist)

Filter Length (Samples)

With low-pass filters, the actual SNR increase obtained in any particular situation depends on the power spectral density of the noise on the signal.

The improvement in SNR corresponds to the improvement in resolution if the noise in the signal is white (evenly distributed across the frequency spectrum). If the noise power is biased towards high frequencies, the SNR improvement willbe better than the resolution improvement.

The opposite may be true if the noise is mostly at lower frequencies. SNR improvement due to the removal of coherent noise signals—feed-through of clock signals, for example—is determined by the fall of the dominant frequency components of the signal in the passband. Thisis easily ascertained using spectral analysis. The filters have a precisely constant zero-phase response. This has two benefits. First, the filters do not distort the relative position of different events in the waveform, even if the events' frequency content is different. Second, because the waveforms are stored, the delay normally associated with filtering (between the input and output waveforms) can be exactly compensated during the computation of the filtered waveform.

The filters have been given exact unity gain at low frequency. ERes should therefore not cause overflow if the source data is not overflowed. If part of the source trace were to overflow, filtering would be allowed, but the results in the vicinity of the overflowed data—the filter impulse response length—would be incorrect. This isbecause in some circumstances an overflow may be a spike of only one or two samples, and the energy in this spike may not be enough to significantly affect the results. It would then be undesirable to disallow the whole trace.

Note: While ERes improves the resolution of a trace, it cannot improve the accuracy or linearity of

the original quantization. The pass-band causes signal attenuation for signals near the cut-off frequency. The highest frequencies passed may be slightly attenuated. Perform the filtering on finite record lengths. Data is lost at the start and end of the waveform and the trace ends up slightly shorter after filtering. The number of samples lost is exactly equal to the length of the impulse response of the filter used: between 2 and 117 samples. Normally this loss(just 0.2 % of a 50,000 point trace) is not noticed. However, you might filter a record so short that no data is output. In that case, however, the instrument would not allow you to use the ERes feature.

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

FFT Function

For a large class of signals, you can gain greater insight by looking at spectral representation rather than time description. Signalsencountered in the frequency response of amplifiers, oscillator phase noise and those in mechanical vibration analysis, for example, are easier to observe in the frequency domain.

If sampling is done at a rate fast enough to faithfully approximate the original waveform (usually five times the highest frequency component in the signal), the resulting discrete data series will uniquely describe the analog signal. Thisis of particular value when dealing with transient signals, which conventional swept spectrum analyzers cannot handle.

While FFT has become a popular analysistool, some care must be taken with it. In most instances, incorrect positioning of the signal within the display grid will significantly alter the spectrum, producing effects such as leakage and aliasing that distort the spectrum.

An effective way to reduce these effects is to maximize the acquisition record length. Record length directly conditions the effective sampling rate and therefore determines the frequency resolution and span at which spectral analysis can be carried out.

Setting Up FFT

1. Follow the usual steps to set up a math function, selecting FFT from the Frequency Analysis submenu.

2. Open the FFT subdialog.

3. Choose an Output type.

4. If your Output Type is Power Density or Power Spectrum, also enter Line Impedence. By default, the FFT function assumes a termination of 50 Ohms. If an external terminator is being used, this setting can be changed to properly calculate the FFT based on the new termination value.

5. Optionally, choose a weighting Window (see below).

6. Check the Suppress DC box to make the DC bin go to zero. Otherwise, leave it unchecked.

Choosing a Window

The choice of a spectral window is dictated by the signal's characteristics. Weighting functions control the filter response shape, and affect noise bandwidth aswell as side lobe levels. Ideally, the main lobe should be as narrow and flat aspossible to effectively discriminate all spectral components, while all side lobes should be infinitely attenuated. The window type defines the bandwidth and shape of the equivalent filter to be used in the FFT processing.

Rectangular windowsprovide the highest frequency resolution and are useful for estimating the type of harmonics present in the signal. Because the rectangular window decays as a (sinx)/x function in the spectral domain, slight attenuation will be induced. Functionswith lessattenuation (Flat Top and Blackman-Harris) provide maximum amplitude at the expense of frequency resolution, whereas Hamming and Von Hann are good for general purpose use with continuous waveforms.

Math and Measure

Window Type Applications and Limitations

Rectangular Normally used when the signal is transient (completely contained in the time-domain window)

or known to have a fundamental frequency component that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency of the window. Signals other than these types will show varying amounts of spectral leakage and scallop loss, which can be corrected by selecting another type of window.

Hanning (Von Hann) Reduces leakage and improves amplitude accuracy. However, frequency resolution is also

reduced.

Hamming Reduces leakage and improves amplitude accuracy. However, frequency resolution is also

reduced.

Flat Top Provides excellent amplitude accuracy with moderate reduction of leakage, but with reduced

frequency resolution.

Blackman-Harris Reduces leakage to a minimum, but with reduced frequency resolution.

FFT Window Filter Parameters

Window Type

Rectangular

Von Hann

Hamming

Flat Top

Blackman-Harris

Highest Side Lobe (dB)

-13 3.92 1.0 0.0

-32 1.42 1.5 -6.02

-43 1.78 1.37 -5.35

-44 0.01 3.43 -11.05

-67 1.13 1.71 -7.53

Scallop Loss (dB)

ENBW (bins)

Coherent Gain (dB)

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Rescale Function and Assigning Units

The Rescale function allows you to apply a multiplication factor (a) and additive constant (b) to any source waveform. You can do it in the unit of your choice, depending on the type of application.

Setting Up Rescaling

1. Follow the usual steps to set up a math function, selecting Rescale from the Functions submenu.

2. Touch the Rescale subdialog tab.

3. To apply a multiplication factor:

l Check the First multiply by: box and enter a value for a, the multiplication factor.

l Touch then add: and enter a value for b, the additive constant.

4. To change the output unit of measure from that of the source waveform:

l Check Override units.

l In Output enter the abbreviation for the new unit of measure.

You can combine units following these rules:

l For the quotient of two units, use the character ":/"

l For the product of two units, use the character "."

l For exponents, append the digit to the unit without a space (e.g., "S2" for seconds squared)

Note: Some units are converted to simple units (e.g., V.A becomes W).

Math and Measure

Abbreviated Units of Measure

Abbreviation Measure Abbreviation Measure

(blank) No units N Newton

A Ampere OHM Ohm

C Coulomb PAL Pascal

CYCLE Cycles PCT Percent

DB Decibel POISE Poise

DBC Decibel referred to carrier PPM Parts per million

DBM Decibel Milliwatt RAD Radian

DBV Decibel Volts DEG Degree (of arc)

DBUZ Decibel Microamp MNT Minute (of arc)

DEC Decade SAMPLE Sample

DIV Divisions SWEEP Sweeps

Event Events SEC Second (of arc)

F Farad S Second

G Gram SIE Siemens

H Henry T Tesla

HZ Hertz UI Unit interval

J Joule V Volt

K Degree Kelvin VA Volt amps

CEL Degree Celsius W Watt

FAR Degree Fahrenheit WB Weber

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HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

List of Standard Operators

The math operators included standard with your oscilloscope are listed below alphabetically.

Note: There may be additional operators available depending on the software optionsinstalled on

the oscilloscope.

Operator Definition

Absolute For every point in the waveform the distance away from zero is calculated. For values greater

than zero this is the same as the value. For values less than zero, the magnitude of this value without regard to its sign is used.

Average Calculates either a summed or continuous average of a selected number of sweeps. See

Derivative Calculates the derivative of adjacent samples using the formula:

Difference For every point in the waveform, the value of Source2 is subtracted from the value of Source1.

Envelope Calculates highest and lowest vertical values of a waveform at each horizontal value for a spe-

ERes Applies a noise reduction and smoothing filter by adding a specified number of bits. See

FFT Computes a frequency spectrum with optional Rectangular, Von Hann, Flat Topp, Hamming,

Floor Calculates the lowest vertical values of a waveform at each horizontal value for a specified num-

Integral Calculates the linearly rescaled integral (with multiplier and adder) of a waveform input starting

aging Waveforms

and memory.

(next sample value – current sample value) / (horizontal sample interval)

Source1 and Source2 must have the same horizontal units and scale and the same vertical units.

cified number of sweeps.

Enhanced Resolution

Blackman-Harris, and Hanning windows. Calculates up to 128 Mpts. Also allows FFT Averaging through use of a second math operator. See

ber of sweeps.

from the left edge of the screen using the formula:

(current sample value + next sample value) * (horizontal sample interval)

Each calculated area is summed with the previous sum of areas. The multiplier and adder are applied before the integration function.

. The maximum number of sweeps is determined by the oscilloscope model

FFT

Aver-

Invert For every point in the waveform, the inverse of that point is calculated.

Product For every point in the waveform, the value of Source1 is multiplied by the value of Source 2.

Source1 and Source2 must have the same horizontal units and scale.

Ratio For every point in the waveform, the value of Source1 is divided by the value of Source2.

Source1 and Source2 must have the same horizontal units and scale.

Reciprocal For every point in the waveform the inverse is calculated using the formula:

1 / (sample value)

Rescale For every point in the waveform the sample value is multiplied by the specified multiplier and

then add to with the specified adder. See

Roof Calculates the highest vertical values of a waveform at each horizontal value for a specified

number of sweeps.

Square For every point in the waveform, the square of the sample value is calculated.

Square Root For every point in the waveform, the square root of the sample value is calculated.

Rescaling and Assigning Units

Math and Measure

Operator Definition

Sum For every point in the waveform, the value of Source1 is added to the value of Source 2.

Source1 and Source2 must have the same horizontal units and scale and the same vertical units.

Trend Produces a waveform composed of a series of parameter measurements in the order the meas-

urements were taken. The vertical units are those of the source parameter, the horizontal unit is measurement number. The trend contains a single value for each measurement.

Zoom Produces a magnified trace of a selected portion of the input waveform. See

Zooming Traces

HDO4000/HDO4000A High Definition Oscilloscopes Operator's Manual

Memory

The instrument is equipped with four internal memory slots(Mx) to which you can copy any waveform that isactive on the grid. Thisis a convenient way to store an acquisition for later viewing and analysis.

Memories can be used as source inputs for most oscilloscope math and measurements, allowing you to compare historical data to a live acquisition or perform "what if" modeling on saved acquisitions.

Saving Memories

Store memories on the Memory dialogs (Mx). Memories are created at the same scale as the source trace, but they can be adjusted independently by using the zoom factor controlsthat appear next to the Mx dialogs.

Save Waveform to Memory

Tip: Try to choose an empty slot, as anything currently stored in that location will be overwritten.

All memories will state if they are empty or an acquisition is stored there.

Touch the Add New box and choose Memory until you see an empty memory slot. Drag the descriptor box of the trace you wish to store onto the Mx descriptor box.

1. Press the front panel Mem button or choose Math > Memory Setup to open the Memories dialog.

2. Touch the Mx tab corresponding to the memory slot you wish to use.

3. In Copy from Waveform, choose the source trace to copy to memory.

4. Touch Copy Now.

5. Optionally, check Trace On to immediately display the memory. Use the Zoom controls to adjust the scale of the memory trace.

Save (External) Waveform Files to Memory

Trace (.trc) files saved on other Teledyne LeCroy instruments can also be saved to internal memory. Use the Recall Waveform function to save external files to memory. Then, you can use the Memories dialog to restore them to the touch screen.

Teledyne Lecroy HDO4000, HDO4000A Operator's Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Safety

Symbols

Precautions

Operating Environment

Cooling

Cleaning

Power

Oscilloscope Overview

Front of Oscilloscope

Side of Oscilloscope

Back of Oscilloscope

Front Panel

Signal Interfaces

Oscilloscope Set Up

Powering On/Off

Software Activation

Connecting to Other Devices/Systems

Language Selection

Using MAUI

Touch Screen

OneTouch Help

Working With Traces

Zooming

Print/Screen Capture

Acquisition

Auto Setup

Viewing Status

Vertical

Digital (Mixed Signal)

Timebase

Trigger

Display

Display Set Up

Persistence Display

Math and Measure

Cursors

Measure

Math

Memory