Teledyne Falcon4 86M, FA-S0-86M16-01-R, FA-S1-86M16-00-R User Manual

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Falcon4 86M

Camera User’s Manual

FA-S0-86M16-01-R and FA-S1-86M16-00-R

sensors |

cameras

| frame grabbers | processors | software | vision solutions

03-032-20220-01

www.teledynedalsa.com

Notice

© 2017 Teledyne DALSA All information provided in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable. No responsibility is assumed by Teledyne DALSA for its use. Teledyne DALSA reserves the right to make changes to this information without notice. Reproduction of this manual in whole or in part, by any means, is prohibited without prior permission having been obtained from Teledyne DALSA.

Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries. Windows, Windows 7, Windows 8 are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

All other trademarks or intellectual property mentioned herein belong to their respective owners.

Document date: April 19, 2017 Document number: 03-032-20220-01

About Teledyne DALSA

Teledyne DALSA is an international high performance semiconductor and electronics company that designs, develops, manufactures, and markets digital imaging products and solutions, in addition to providing wafer foundry services.

Teledyne DALSA Digital Imaging offers the widest range of machine vision components in the world. From industry-leading image sensors through powerful and sophisticated cameras, frame grabbers, vision processors and software to easy-to-use vision appliances and custom vision modules.

Contents

THE FALCON4 86M CAMERA ........................................................................... 4

DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 4

Key Features ......................................................................................... 4

Programmability ..................................................................................... 4

Applications ........................................................................................... 4

MODEL NUMBERS AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS ..................................................... 5

CAMERA PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................ 5

ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................ 7

SENSOR COSMETIC SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................................... 7

RESPONSIVITY & QE ........................................................................................ 8

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE ....................................................................................... 9

FLASH MEMORY SIZE ....................................................................................... 9

CERTIFICATIONS & COMPLIANCE ........................................................................ 10

SHOCK & VIBRATION ..................................................................................... 10

SUPPORTED INDUSTRY STANDARDS .................................................................... 11

GenICam™ .......................................................................................... 11

Camera Link HS ................................................................................... 11

Camera Link HS ROI Characteristics ....................................................... 11

SENSOR BLOCK DIAGRAM & PIXEL READOUT ......................................................... 12

CAMERA SETUP ............................................................................................ 13

SYSTEM PRECAUTIONS & CLEANING .................................................................... 13

Precautions ......................................................................................... 13

Cleaning the Device .............................................................................. 13

Electrostatic Discharge and the CMOS Sensor .......................................... 13

SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE SETUP ............................................................ 14

RECOMMENDED SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ............................................................... 14

SETUP STEPS: OVERVIEW ................................................................................ 14

Step 1: Install and Configure Frame Grabber and Software ........................ 14

Step 2: Connect Camera Link and Power Cables ....................................... 14

Power Connector .................................................................................. 15

Camera Link Data Connector ........................................................................ 16

Input Signals, Camera Link ........................................................................... 16

Frame Start Trigger (EXSYNC) ...................................................................... 16

LED Indicators ............................................................................................ 17

LED States on Power Up ............................................................................... 17

Step 3: Establish Communication between the frame grabber and the

camera .......................................................................................... 18

1. Power on the camera ............................................................................. 18

2. Connect to the frame grabber ................................................................. 18

3. Connect to the camera ........................................................................... 18

Check LED Status ........................................................................................ 19

Software Interface....................................................................................... 19

USING CAMEXPERT ...................................................................................... 21

CamExpert Panes ................................................................................. 21

CamExpert View Parameters Option .............................................................. 23

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  1

Creating a Camera Configuration File in the Host ...................................... 23

CAMERA OPERATION ................................................................................... 24

Factory Settings ................................................................................... 24

CHECK CAMERA AND SENSOR INFORMATION .......................................................... 24

Verify Temperature ............................................................................... 24

THERMAL MANAGEMENT .................................................................................. 25

Handling ............................................................................................. 25

SAVING AND RESTORING CAMERA SETTINGS ......................................................... 26

ACQUISITION AND TRANSFER CONTROL FEATURES ................................................... 27

TEST PATTERNS ............................................................................................ 28

GAIN AND BLACK LEVEL CONTROL DETAILS ........................................................... 29

EXPOSURE CONTROLS .................................................................................... 30

Internally Programmable Frame Rate and Internally Programmable

Exposure Time (Default) ......................................................................... 31

External Frame Rate and External Exposure Time (Trigger Width) ..................... 31

External Frame Rate, Programmable Exposure Time ........................................ 33

Exposure Time ..................................................................................... 33

Trigger Modes ...................................................................................... 33

Internal Frame Rate ............................................................................. 34

I/O Block Diagram ................................................................................ 34

Opto-Coupled Inputs ............................................................................ 34

Opto-Coupled Outputs .......................................................................... 35

FLAT FIELD CORRECTION AND DEFECTIVE PIXEL DETECTION OVERVIEW ......................... 36

Correction Function Block Diagram ......................................................... 36

Dark Row Subtract Algorithm ................................................................. 36

Flat Field Correction Algorithm Description ............................................... 37

General Notes on FFC calibration ................................................................... 37

An important note on window blemishes ................................................. 38

How to do an FFC Setup in the Camera ................................................... 38

Defective Pixel Detection and Replacement .............................................. 40

Single Pixel Replacement ....................................................................... 40

Defective Columns and Row Replacement ................................................ 40

Median Filter ........................................................................................ 41

File Access via the CamExpert Tool ......................................................... 41

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................... 43

MECHANICALS.............................................................................................. 43

EC & FCC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY ............................................................ 44

APPENDIX A: GENICAM COMMANDS ............................................................ 45

CAMERA INFORMATION CATEGORY ...................................................................... 45

Camera Information Feature Descriptions ................................................ 45

ACQUISITION AND TRANSFER CONTROL CATEGORY .................................................. 48

Acquisition and Transfer Control Feature Descriptions ............................... 48

SENSOR CONTROL CATEGORY ........................................................................... 48

Sensor Control Feature Descriptions ....................................................... 48

I / O CONTROL CATEGORY ............................................................................... 51

I/O Controls Feature Descriptions ........................................................... 51

ADVANCED PROCESSING CONTROL CATEGORY ........................................................ 55

Advanced Processing Control Feature Descriptions .................................... 55

IMAGE FORMAT CONTROLS CATEGORY ................................................................. 63

CLHS LINK TRANSPORT LAYER CATEGORY ............................................................ 65

Camera Link Transport Layer Feature Description ..................................... 65

2  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

FILE ACCESS CONTROL CATEGORY ..................................................................... 66

APPENDIX B: CAMERA, FRAME GRABBER COMMUNICATION ........................ 68

SETTING UP COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE CAMERA AND THE FRAME GRABBER ............... 68

APPENDIX C: CLEANING THE SENSOR WINDOW .......................................... 69

Recommended Equipment ..................................................................... 69

Procedure ............................................................................................ 69

APPENDIX D: INTERNAL FLAT FIELD CALIBRATION ALGORITHMS .............. 70

Dark Row Subtract ............................................................................... 70

Offset (FPN) Calibration ........................................................................ 70

Gain (PRNU) Calibration ........................................................................ 70

Color Camera Gain (PRNU) Calibration .................................................... 71

APPENDIX E: FILE FORMAT ......................................................................... 74

FFC FILE FORMAT ......................................................................................... 75

CAMERA DEFECT MAP ..................................................................................... 76

CONTACT INFORMATION ............................................................................. 78

SALES INFORMATION...................................................................................... 78

TECHNICAL SUPPORT...................................................................................... 78

REVISION HISTORY ....................................................................................... 79

INDEX ......................................................................................................... 80

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  3

The Falcon4 86M Camera

Description

Teledyne DALSA‘s new generation of color and monochrome area scan cameras—the Falcon4™ 86M—incorporate very large resolutions and fast frame rates, enabling high-speed image

capture with superb spatial resolution and excellent image quality. Global shuttering and correlated double sampling ensure smear free and low noise images. These features make the Falcon4 cameras the best choices for applications where throughput, resolution and high pixel capacity matter most.

Inside the Falcon4 camera is our leading-edge, global shutter CMOS sensor, which enables high speed imaging at very large resolutions. Global shutter technology removes the need for mechanical shutters which are limited in the number of open / shut operations.

The Falcon4 camera is compliant with GenICam™ and CameraLink HS™ (CLHS) specifications— delivering 12 and 16 bits of data. In addition, the M95 thread opening allows for your choice of lens.

Key Features

 Global shutter and exposure control  Cross-track of 10,720 pixels  Faster frame rates through windowing  Good NIR response  Built-in FPN and PRNU correction  CLHS interface and GenICam compliant

Programmability

 Adjustable digital gain and offset  12 and 16 bit output  Adjustable integration time and frame rate  Test patterns and camera diagnostics

Applications

 Aerial imaging  Aerial reconnaissance  Surveillance  Machine vision

4  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Model Number

Description

FA-S0-86M16-01-R

86M pixel monochrome, Camera Link HS.

FA-S1-86M16-00-R

86M pixel color, Camera Link HS.

Part Number

Description

AC-MS-00117-00-R

Fan mounting accessory. Allows a fan to be mounted on the camera case to direct air flow over the heat sink.

Software

Product Number / Version Number

Camera firmware

Embedded within camera

GenICam™ support (XML camera description file)

Embedded within camera

Recommended: Sapera LT, including CamExpert GUI application and GenICam for Camera Link imaging driver.

Version 7.50 or later

Specifications

Performance

Resolution

10720 (H) x 8064 (V)

Pixel Rate

1.38 Gpixel / s

Frame Rate

16 fps, maximum

Pixel Size

6 µm x 6 µm

Bit Depth

12 and 16 bits, selectable Camera Link HS

Exposure Time

100 µs minimum

Dynamic Range

53 dB (monochrome) 62 dB (monochrome)

Operating Temp

0 °C to +50 °C, front plate temperature

Connectors and Mechanicals

Size

100 mm (H) x 100 mm (W) x 67 mm (D)

Mass

< 1 kg

Data Connector

CLHS—single C2 7M1, CX4 connector

Power Connector

Hirose 12-pin circular

Supply Voltage

+ 12 V to + 24 V DC (± 5 %), 3.5 Amps

Power

< 35 W

Lens Mount

M95 x 1

Sensor Alignment

± 50 µm in X-Y directions

Model Numbers and Software Requirements

This manual covers the Falcon4 camera models summarized below. New models are added to this manual as they are released by Teledyne DALSA.

Table 1: Camera Models Overview

Table 2: Camera Accessories

Table 3: Software

Camera Performance Specifications

Table 4: Camera Performance Specifications

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  5

Mono Operating Ranges

Units

Value

Notes

Noise and Non-Uniformity Performance

Full Well

> 22, 000, global shutter > 27, 000, rolling shutter

Dynamic Range

53, global shutter 62, rolling shutter

Random Noise

DN rms

7.0, global shutter

3.2, rolling shutter

Maximum, FFC enabled FPN (w/o correction), global

DN rms

PRNU (w/o correction), global

% rms

2.8

% measured signal level, nominally 50% output. FPN removed

Nominal Output Characteristics

Broad Band Responsivity

DN / (nJ / cm²)

137, global shutter mono 117, rolling shutter mono

64, global shutter color 73, rolling shutter color

FFC enabled

SEE

nJ / cm²

30, global shutter mono 35, rolling shutter mono 64, global shutter color 56, rolling shutter color

FFC enabled

NEE

pJ/cm²

64, global shutter mono 30, rolling shutter mono 133, global shutter color 44, rolling shutter color

FFC enabled

Antiblooming

> 600 x saturation

Integral non-linearity

% 3 From 10-90% of camera saturation

*DN = digital number (12 bit) Notes:

1) Mono Light source: broadband, quartz halogen, 3250 K with 700 nm IR cut-off filter.

2) Color Light source: broadband, quartz halogen, 3250K with BG38 filter.

3) Responsivity with FFC enabled

4) Mono camera PRNU w/o correction is measured at 50% output with FPN removed.

5) Integral non linearity = Deviation from best fit line 10 to 90%/4096

6  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Specifications

Ranges

Storage temperature range

-20 °C to +80 °C

Humidity (storage and operation)

15% to 85% relative, non-condensing

MTBF (mean time between failures)

>100,000 hours, typical field operation

Description

Definition

# of Defects

Column defect

A group of more than 20 contiguous pixels along a single column that deviate from the neighboring columns by:

More than ±15% at 50% saturation with Flat-field correction ON and 1x gain. More than 20% of saturation in dark and 1x gain.

Row defect

A group of more than 20 contiguous pixels along a single row that deviate from the neighboring columns by:

More than ±15% at 50% saturation with Flat-field correction ON and 1x gain. More than 20% of saturation in dark and 1x gain.

Cluster defect

A grouping of 2 to 16 inclusive defective pixels at a given test condition. A defective pixel is defined as 20% of saturation output when sensor is dark and ± 15% away from the average of the neighboring pixels of the same color measured at 20% to 80% of maximum output in steps of 10%.

The maximum cluster defect size is 16.

Uncorrectable single defective pixel

At dark: Pixel level is elevated beyond 20% of saturation. At 50% saturation: Pixel level is ±15% away from its neighboring pixels with FFC on.

15,000

Environmental Specifications

Table 5: Environmental Specifications

Sensor Cosmetic Specifications

The following table lists the current cosmetic specifications for the Teledyne DALSA sensor used in the cameras.

Table 6: Blemish Specifications

1. Cluster defects are separated by no less than one good pixel in any direction.

2. Column and row defects are separated by no less than two good columns and rows respectively.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  7

Responsivity & QE

The responsivity graph describes the camera‘s response to different wavelengths of light (excluding lens and light source characteristics).

The image sensor includes micro lenses to improve the collection efficiency of the active pixel area. The drawback to this is that the light collected varies with the angle of incidence, as shown in the Angle of Incidence figure, below. Pixel Response Non Uniformity (PRNU) can be calibrated in the field and takes into account the lighting and lens effects, and results in a more uniform output level.

Figure 1: Camera Spectral Responsivity

8  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Camera

Flash Memory Size

FA-S0-86M16-01-R

500 MByte program storage 8,000 MByte correction coefficients

FA-S1-86M16-00-R

500 MByte program storage 8,000 MByte correction coefficients

Angle of Incidence

Flash Memory Size

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  9

Figure 2: Angular Response

Table 7: Memory

Compliance

EN 55011, CISPR 11, EN 55022, EN 55032, CISPR 22, CISPR 32, FCC Part 15, and ICES-003 Class A Emissions Requirements.

EN 55024, and EN 61326-1 Immunity to Disturbance.

Certifications & Compliance

Table 8: Radiated Emissions

Shock & Vibration

The cameras meet or exceed the following specifications:

 Random vibration per MIL-STD-810F at 25 G  Shock testing 75 G peak acceleration per MIL-STD-810F

/HZ [Power Spectral Density] or 5 RMS

10  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

RXC TXC

TX1 TX2

TX3 TX4

TX5 TX6

TXC RXC

RX1 RX2

RX3 RX4

RX5 RX6

Data Lane 6

Data Lane 0

Command

Channel

Video

Channel

Link

Camera

(C2,7M1)

Frame Grabber

(C2,7M1)

Supported Industry Standards

GenICam™

The camera is GenICam compliant and implements a superset of the GenICam Standard Features Naming Convention specification V1.5.

This description takes the form of an XML device description file using the syntax defined by the GenApi module of the GenICam specification. The camera uses the GenICam Generic Control Protocol (GenCP V1.0) to communicate over the Camera Link HS command lane.

For more information see www.genicam.org.

Camera Link HS

The camera is Camera Link HS version 1.0 compliant. Camera Link HS is the next generation of high performance communications standards and is used where a digital industrial camera interfaces with single or multiple frame grabbers with data rates exceeding those supported by Camera Link. The camera includes a Camera Link HS connector capable of supporting data rates up to 2.1 Gbytes / sec per second.

Figure 3. Single CLHS Connector Configuration

The command channel is used by the frame grabber to send command, configuration, and programming data to the camera and to receive command responses, status, and image data from the camera.

The designation C2, 7M1 defines the use of a SFF-8470 connector (C2) and up to 7 lanes of data with 1 command channel using M-Protocol (8b/10b) at the default speed of 3.125 Gb/sec.

Camera Link HS ROI Characteristics

The single ROI is customer entered and transmitted across all seven data lanes. There is a minimum of 96 pixels per data lane used.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  11

CLHS limits the start and stop location of the ROI to a multiples of 32 pixels. The maximum line rate is limited by the sensor when not limited by the CLHS cable or by the PCIe transfer. The sensor is limited to a 125 kHz maximum line rate.

The CLHS cable has approximately 2.1 GByte / sec bandwidth for seven lanes. The XTIUM X8 frame grabber has about 3.2 GByte / sec across the PCIe bus and can support the full frame rate of the camera.

Sensor Block Diagram & Pixel Readout

Pixels are read from left to right, top to bottom. The data for each line is transferred from the sensor to 7 CLHS data lanes. CLHS is a packet-based protocol therefore the concept of taps or tap geometry does not apply; the frame grabber reconstructs the images based on the information contained in the packet, regardless of which data lane is used for the transfer.

Figure 4: Pixel Readout of the Falcon 4 camera.

Note:

 As viewed looking at the front of the camera without a lens. (The Teledyne DALSA logo on

the side of the case will be right-side up.)

12  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Do not open the housing of the camera. The warranty is voided if the housing is opened.

Camera Setup

System Precautions & Cleaning

Precautions

Read these precautions and this manual before using the camera.

 Confirm that the camera‘s packaging is undamaged before opening it. If the packaging is

damaged please contact the related logistics personnel.

 Keep the camera‘s front plate temperature in a range of 0 °C to 50 °C during operation. The

camera has the ability to measure its internal temperature. Use this feature to record the internal temperature of the camera when it is mounted in your system and operating under the worst case conditions. The camera will stop outputting data if its internal temperature reaches 70 °C. Refer to section Verify Temperature for more information on the ‗Temperature‘ feature and thermal management.

 Do not operate the camera in the vicinity of strong electromagnetic fields. In addition, avoid

electrostatic charging, violent vibration, and excess moisture.

 Though this camera supports hot plugging, it is recommended that you power down and

disconnect power to the camera before you add or replace system components.

Cleaning the Device

To clean the device, avoid electrostatic charging by using a dry, clean absorbent cotton cloth dampened with a small quantity of pure alcohol. Do not use methylated alcohol.

To clean the surface of the camera housing, use a soft, dry cloth. To remove severe stains use a soft cloth dampened with a small quantity of neutral detergent and then wipe dry. Do not use volatile solvents such as benzene and thinners, as they can damage the surface finish.

Electrostatic Discharge and the CMOS Sensor

Image sensors and the camera bodies housing are susceptible to damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD). Electrostatic charge introduced to the sensor window surface can induce charge buildup on the underside of the window. If this occurs, the charge normally dissipates within 24 hours and the sensor returns to normal operation.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  13

Note: the use of cables types and lengths other than those specified may result in increased emission or decreased immunity and performance of the camera.

Software and Hardware Setup

Recommended System Requirements

To achieve best system performance, the following minimum requirements are recommended:

 High bandwidth frame grabber. For example, Teledyne DALSA Xtium PX8 CLHS series frame

grabber: http://www.teledynedalsa.com/imaging/products/fg/#digital-cameralink.

 Operating systems: Refer to frame grabber documentation for supported platforms.

Setup Steps: Overview

Take the following steps in order to setup and run your camera system. They are described briefly below and in more detail in the sections that follow.

1. Install and Configure Frame Grabber and Software.

2. Connect Camera Link and Power Cables.

3. Establish communication with the camera.

Step 1: Install and Configure Frame Grabber and Software

Teledyne DALSA recommends its Xtium PX8 CLHS series frame grabber or equivalent. Follow the

manufacturer‘s installation instructions.

A GenICam™ compliant XML device description file is embedded within the camera firmware allowing GenICam™ compliant application to know the camera‘s capabilities immediately after

connection.

Installing Sapera LT gives you access to the CamExpert GUI, a GenICam™ compliant application. Sapera LT is available free of charge for download from the Teledyne Dalsa website.

Step 2: Connect Camera Link and Power Cables

The camera uses a Camera Link HS SFF-8470 (CX4) cable and a Hirose connector for power and IO connections.

 Connect the required Camera Link HS cable from the camera to the frame grabber installed

on the computer.

 Connect a power cable from the camera to a power supply that can provide a constant

voltage from +12 V to +24 V DC.

14  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

WARNING! Grounding Instructions

Static electricity can damage electronic components. It‘s critical that you discharge

any static electrical charge by touching a grounded surface, such as the metal computer chassis, before performing handling the camera hardware.

WARNING: It is extremely important that you apply the appropriate voltages to your camera. Incorrect voltages may damage the camera. Input voltage requirement: +12 V to +24 V DC (± 5 %), 3.5 Amps. Before connecting power to the camera, test all power supplies.

Figure 5: Input and Output, trigger, and Power Connectors

Power Connector

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  15

Description

GND

OUT2+

+12 V to +24 V DC

OUT2-

OUT1-

NC 4 OUT1+

NC 5 IN1-/Trigger

IN2+/Trigger

IN1+/Trigger

IN2-/Trigger

WARNING: When setting up the camera‘s power supplies follow these guidelines:

 Apply the appropriate voltages.  Protect the camera with a 3.5 amp slow-blow fuse between the power supply

and the camera.

 Do not use the shield on a multi-conductor cable for ground.  Keep leads as short as possible in order to reduce voltage drop.

 Use high-quality linear supplies in order to minimize noise.

Note: If your power supply does not meet these requirements, then the camera performance specifications are not guaranteed.

1 2 3 4 6 7 8

Figure 6: 12-pin Hirose Circular Male Power Plug—Power Connector

Table 9. Power Plug Pinout

Camera Link Data Connector

The camera uses a Camera Link HS SFF-8470 (CX4) cable.

Input Signals, Camera Link

The camera accepts control inputs through the Camera Link HS SFF-8470(CX4) connector.

The camera ships (factory setting) in internal sync, and internally triggered integration.

Frame Start Trigger (EXSYNC)

The EXSYNC signal tells the camera when to integrate and readout the image. It can be either an internally generated signal by the camera, or it can be supplied externally by a CLHS Pulse Message software command or camera GPIO pin.

16  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Color of Camera Status LED

Meaning

Off

No power or hardware malfunction

Red slow blinking

Camera in temporary shutdown (e.g. temperature). The communication channel is maintained but imaging is disabled

Red solid

Fatal error state. Device is not functional

Blue fast blinking

Firmware upgrade, file transfer

Blue slow blinking

Camera waiting for warm up to complete (Camera initialization)

Blue solid

Upgrading internal firmware, when acquisition is disabled. This happens when changing a camera feature that effects the image output (e.g. AOI, bit depth, etc.)

Green solid

Free-running acquisition

Green slow blinking

Calibration in progress

Orange slow blinking

Camera initializing

Color of CLHS Status LED

Meaning

Off

No power or hardware malfunction

Orange solid

The frame grabber is holding this device in reset preventing any communication

Orange slow blinking

The devices have established communication and determined that they are not interoperable, and camera is initializing

Red solid

Fatal error state. Device is not functional.

Red slow blinking

Camera in temporary shutdown (e.g. temperature). The communication channel is maintained but imaging is disabled

Red fast blinking

Camera has CLHS link error.

Green solid

Link established and data transfer may take place.

Green fast blinking

Camera is losing trigger

Green slow blinking

Looking for Link

Status

LED

CLHS

Status

LED

Initial power up

Camera initializing (slow blinking)

Link established

Camera waiting for trigger (fast blinking)

Initial power up

Camera initializing

(slow blinking)

Camera in free-running mode

Waiting for command

LED Indicators

The camera is equipped with 2 LEDs on the back to display the operational status of the camera. The tables below summarize the operating states of the camera and the corresponding LED states. When more than one condition is active, the LED indicates the condition with the highest priority.

LED States on Power Up

The following LED sequence occurs when the Falcon 4 is powered up connected to a CLHS frame grabber.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  17

Step 3: Establish Communication between the frame grabber and the camera

To establish communication with the camera following these steps in order:

1. Power on the camera.

2. Connect to the frame grabber.

3. Connect to the camera.

1. Power on the camera

 Turn on the camera‘s power supply. You may have to wait up to 60 seconds for the camera

to warm up and prepare itself for operation.

 The camera must boot fully before it will be recognized by the GenCP compliant application.

In this ready-state, the CLHS LED will be green and the Camera LED will be green or blue (if using a Teledyne DALSA frame grabber). You are now ready to connect the frame grabber, step 2.

2. Connect to the frame grabber

 Start Sapera CamExpert (or an equivalent GenCP-compliant interface) by double-clicking

the desktop icon created during the software installation.

 CamExpert will search for Sapera devices installed on your system. In the Devices list area

on the left side of the GUI, the connected frame grabber will be shown. (See image below.)

 Select the frame grabber device by clicking on its name.

Note: The first time you set up the camera you will need to establish a communication link between the camera and frame grabber. Instructions are available in Appendix B: Camera, Frame Grabber Communication.

3. Connect to the camera

 Start a new Sapera CamExpert application (or equivalent Camera Link compliant interface)

by double-clicking the desktop icon created during the software installation.

 Important: you need to have two interface windows open: one connected to and controlling

the frame grabber, and one connected to and controlling the camera. (See image below.)

 CamExpert will search for Sapera devices installed on your system. In the Devices list area

on the left side of the GUI, the connected Falcon4 camera will be shown.

 Select the Falcon4 camera device by clicking on the camera‘s user-defined name. By default

the camera is identified by its serial number.

18  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Figure 7: Frame grabber and connected camera shown

Check LED Status

At this point, if the camera is operating correctly the LEDs will flash yellow for approximately 10 seconds and then turn solid green if acquisition is on, or camera LED stays blue, CLHS LED blinks green to wait for trigger

Software Interface

All the camera features can be controlled through the GUI. For example, under the Sensor Control menu in the camera window you can control the frame rate and exposure times.

Note: the camera uses two instances of CamExpert. One window controls the camera and one displays the output received from the frame grabber.

Also Note: If CamExpert is running during a camera reset operation, then you will have to reload the GUI window used to control the camera once the camera is powered up again. Do this by either: 1) closing and reopening the CamExpert window, or 2) by going to ―Image Viewer‖ in the ―Device‖ tab and selecting the camera again.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  19

Figure 8: Two CamExpert windows shown: one connected to the frame grabber and one connected to the

camera

At this point you are ready to start operating the camera in order to acquire images, set camera functions, and save settings.

20  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Note: The examples shown may not entirely reflect the features and parameters available from the camera model and camera mode used in your application.

Using CamExpert

The Sapera CamExpert tool is the interfacing tool for GenCP compliant Camera Link cameras, and is supported by the Sapera library and hardware. When used with a CLHS camera, CamExpert allows a user to test most of the operating modes. Additionally, CamExpert is able to save and reload the FG configuration to simplify repeated power-up system configuration. Similarly, the camera is able to store the selected camera configuration in a user set which can be recalled each time the camera is repowered.

An important component of CamExpert is its live acquisition display window which allows immediate verification of timing or control parameters without the need to run a separate acquisition program.

Click on any parameter and a short description is displayed below the Category pane. The same

context sensitive help is available by clicking on the button then click on a camera

configuration parameter. Click on the button to open the help file for more descriptive information on CamExpert.

CamExpert Panes

The various areas of the CamExpert tool are described in the figure below. Device Categories and

Parameter features are displayed as per the device‘s XML description file. The number of

parameters shown is dependent on the View mode selected (Beginner, Expert, Guru – see description below).

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  21

 Device Selector pane: View and select from any installed Sapera acquisition device. After a

device is selected, CamExpert will only present parameters applicable to that device. Optionally select a camera file included with the Sapera installation or saved by the user.

 Parameters pane: Allows viewing or changing all acquisition parameters supported by the

acquisition device. CamExpert displays parameters only if those parameters are supported by the installed device. This avoids confusion by eliminating parameter choices when they do not apply to the hardware in use.

 Display pane: Provides a live or single frame acquisition display. Frame buffer parameters are

shown in an information bar above the image window.

 Control Buttons: The Display pane includes CamExpert control buttons. These are:

22  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Acquisition control button: Click once to start live grab, click again to stop.

Single frame grab: Click to acquire one frame from device.

Software trigger button: With the I/O control parameters set to Trigger Enabled / Software Trigger type, click to send a single software trigger command.

CamExpert display controls: (these do not modify the frame buffer data) Stretch (or shrink) image to fit, set image display to original size, or zoom the image to any size and ratio. This does not affect the acquisition.

Histogram / Profile tool: Select to view a histogram or line/column profile during live acquisition.

 Output pane: Displays messages from CamExpert.

CamExpert View Parameters Option

All camera features have a Visibility attribute which defines its requirement or complexity. The states vary from Beginner (features required for basic operation of the device) to Guru (optional features required only for complex operations).

CamExpert presents camera features based on their visibility attribute. CamExpert provides quick Visibility level selection via controls below each Category Parameter list [ << Less More >> ]. The user can also choose the Visibility level from the View ∙ Parameters Options menu.

Creating a Camera Configuration File in the Host

 When using the Teledyne DALSA Sapera SDK – the CCF is created automatically via a save.  When using a 3

automatic. Simply follow the 3rd party Save Camera method as instructed.

 If the SDK is based on GenAPI 2.3 or lower, the user must call the command

DeviceFeaturePersistenceStart before using the SDK Save Camera method and the command DeviceFeaturePersistenceEnd at the end of the save function.

party SDK application, if that SDK supports GenAPI 2.4, then the process is

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  23

Camera Operation

Factory Settings

The camera ships and powers up for the first time with the following factory settings:

 Flat field coefficients enabled (calibrated in internal exposure mode, non-concurrent readout

and integration).

 Defect concealment enabled.  Internal exposure mode (internal frame rate and exposure time).  12 Hz frame rate and 10 msec exposure time.  Dark row subtract enabled with the nominal background add value set

Check Camera and Sensor Information

Camera and sensor information can be retrieved via a controlling application—for example, the CamExpert GUI shown in the following examples. Parameters such as camera model, firmware version, sensor characteristics, and so forth, are read to uniquely identify the connected device.

The parameters used to select, load and save user sets are grouped together under the Camera Information category.

Verify Temperature

To determine the temperature at the camera, use the Refresh Temperature feature. The Device Temperature selector allows you to select which temperature sensor to read (FPGA, sensor board or sensor). The temperature returned is the internal temperature in degrees Celsius. For proper operation this value should not exceed 70 °C. If the camera exceeds the designated temperature it will stop imaging and the LED will turn red. After you have diagnosed and remedied the issue use the Device Reset function.

24  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Warning! Depending on the mounting design and the operating conditions the camera body could become hot. You must take precautions to ensure your safety and avoid touching the camera directly during operation.

Thermal Management

The camera is designed to work with a maximum case temperature of 50 ºC. If the camera is left powered on a bench, without lens, heat sinking, or forced air movement, the camera will become very hot to the touch and will reduce its power dissipation by disabling the imaging function.

If this occurs, the LED turns red and communication with the camera is still available.

An accessory is available (part number AC-MS-00117-00-R, shown below) that mounts a fan to the camera case to force air flow over the camera‘s heat sink. This accessory can be ordered from Teledyne DALSA.

The fan‘s electrical connection is via 2 pigtail wires. The red wire is hooked to a +14 V to +24 V supply @ 150 mA max, 100 mA typ. The black wire is the power return. With a +24 V supply, the temperature on the sensor board will be about 25 degrees above ambient, as measured by the sensor board temperature sensor. A +14 V supply results in an approximately +30 ºC temperature rise above ambient.

Handling

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  25

Saving and Restoring Camera Settings

The Power-up Configuration parameter opens a dialog allowing you to specify the camera configuration to use on power up and to save current parameter settings.

When the user changes a camera parameter, the settings are stored in the camera‘s volatile memory and will be lost if the camera resets or is powered down. To save these settings for reuse, they must be saved to the camera‘s non-volatile memory using the User Set Save parameter. Previously saved user setting (User Set 1 to 3) or the factory settings can be restored using the User Set Selector and User Set Load parameters.

Either the Factory or one of the User settings can be specified as the Default Set by selecting it in the User Set Default Selector. The chosen set is automatically loaded when the camera is reset or powered up. It should also be noted that the value of Default Selector will automatically get save in non-volatile memory whenever it is changed.

26  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

The relationship between these three settings is illustrated here:

Figure 9: Relationship between the Camera Settings

NOTE: If a test pattern is active when you save the User Set, the camera will turn off all digital processing upon restart. For example:

 Set the test image selector to FPN Diagonal Pattern.  Do FPN Calibration and save the coefficient set.  Change the FFC mode to ActiveAll.  Set the default selector to UserSet1.  Save User Set 1.  Power cycle the camera.  Reconnect to the camera through CamExpert.  The FFC mode will be Off when it should be ActiveAll.

Acquisition and Transfer Control Features

Use the commands grouped under the Acquisition and Transfer Control category to choose the acquisition mode, start and stop acquisitions, and to monitor the acquisition status.

The latest Teledyne DALSA frame grabber driver issues the acquisition start command by default.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  27

Test Pattern

Description

Grey Horizontal Ramp

Image is filled horizontally with an image that goes from the darkest possible value to the brightest. The ramp repeats every 4096 horizontal pixels.

Grey Vertical Ramp

Image is filled vertically with an image that goes from the darkest possible value to the brightest. The ramp repeats every 4096 vertical pixels.

Purity

Image is filled with an image that goes from the darkest possible value to the brightest by 1 DN increment per frame (12-bit output).

Test Patterns

When setting test patterns, the camera set the digital gains to 1x, the digital offsets to 0, and deactivates the flat field correction. This ensures that the test patterns appear as they should. At the same time, the camera saves the last set of values that were used for video processing and restores them when video output is restored.

Use CamExpert to easily enable and select any test pattern from the drop menu while the camera is not in acquisition mode. Select live grab to see the pattern output.

The Test Pattern feature is available in the Image Format category:

28  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Gray Diagonal Ramp

This test pattern is the sum of the horizontal and vertical test patterns.

Static Value

All pixels are set to testImageStaticValue

PRNU

This is the 2 times the sum of a horizontal test pattern that repeats every 64 pixels and a vertical test pattern that repeats every 62 lines plus + testImageStaticValue. This test pattern can be used to test FPN and PRNU correction.

Gain and Black Level Control Details

Gain and black level adjustments are available in the cameras. The analog black level and analog gain are factory calibrated and not adjustable by the user. It is possible to optimize the image by adjusting the digital offset controls and gain controls. The color camera features a per color gain ahead of the system gain block. The user can evaluate gain and black level using CamExpert.

Note: The sensor digitizes at 12 bits and transfers the data across the link as 12 bit. If the data is stored as 12 bit, then it is possible to optimize the image with post processing.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  29

Description

Frame Rate

Exposure Time

Trigger Source

Internal frame rate and exposure time

Internal, programmable

Internal programmable

Internal

External frame rate and exposure time

Controlled by external pulse

External

EXSYNC pulse controlling the frame rate. Programmed exposure time.

Controlled by external pulse

Internal programmable

External

Features and Limitations:

 Analog Black Level offset is not available to the user.  Analog Gain is not available to the user.  [Digital Before FFC]Global FPN provides a constant component to the FPN Coefficients.

This value is calibrated in the factory but it can be adjusted relative to the factory setting ( factory setting). See the BlackLevel register‘s DigitalAll1 [Digital Before FFC] option. The value is expressed as a floating point to allow for increased accuracy when processing a frame sum of more than 1 frame.

 [Digital After FFC] Background Subtract is a digital number that is used to reduce the

baseline pixel value. When combined with the system gain, this value is used to increase contrast in the final output. See the BlackLevel register‘s DigitalAll2 [Digital After FFC] option. The value is expressed as a floating point to allow for increased accuracy when processing a frame sum of more than 1 frame.

 System (Digital) Gain is expressed as a multiplication factor applied after the Color Gain

(color camera only) and any FFC stages. When combined with the background subtract, this value is used to increase contrast in the final output.

 Background Add is a number added to the image data before it is clipped at zero. This

value can be used to prevent the image clipping to zero. The factory uses the 2nd step FPN algorithm for color cameras, where a small amount of light equal to (approximately 50 DN) the least responsive channel is achieved and the FPN coefficient is recalculated. For a color camera, the more responsive channels have about 130 DN output. The Background Add is used to add this average level of signal back into the output value so that 0 light nominally results in 0 output. The 2 step FPN is used to reduce errors in pixel values at low light level due to nonlinear pixel behavior.

Exposure Controls

Exposure Control modes define the method and timing of how to control the sensor integration period. The integration period is the amount of time the sensor is exposed to incoming light before the video frame data is transmitted to the controlling computer.

 Exposure control is defined as the start of exposure and exposure duration.  The start of exposure can be an internal timer signal (free-running mode), an external

trigger signal, or a software function call trigger.

 The exposure duration can be programmable (such as the case of an internal timer) or

controlled by the external trigger pulse width.

The camera can grab images in one of three ways. The three imaging modes are determined using a combination of the Exposure Mode parameters (including I/O parameters), Exposure Time and Frame Rate parameters.

Figure 10: Exposure controls

30  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Frame Time

Frame Time Readout Time

Readout Time

Exposure Time

Programmable

Internally-generated

Exsync

Programmable

FVAL

Internally Programmable Frame Rate and Internally Programmable Exposure Time (Default)

Frame rate has priority over exposure time when adjusting the frame rate or exposure time. When setting the frame rate, exposure time will decrease, if necessary, to accommodate the new frame rate. When adjusting the exposure time the range is limited by the frame rate.

Note: The camera will not set frame periods shorter than the readout period and the frame rate is limited to 12 Hz when sending 16 bit data and summing a single frame, due to cable bandwidth limitations.

Camera Features:

 TriggerMode = Off  AcquisitionFrameRate = 16 (for example)  ExposureMode = Timed  ExposureTime = 10000 (for example)

Figure 11: Internally Programmable Frame Rate and Internally Programmable Exposure Time (Default)

External Frame Rate and External Exposure Time (Trigger Width)

In this mode, EXSYNC sets both the frame period and the exposure time. The rising edge of EXSYNC marks the beginning of the exposure and the falling edge initiates readout.

Camera Features:

 TriggerMode = On  ExposureMode = Trigger Width  TriggerSource = GPIO Input 1

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  31

Frame Time Frame Time

Readout Time Readout Time

Exposure Time Exposure Time

User Exsync

FVAL

Figure 12: External Frame Rate and External Exposure Time (Trigger Width)

32  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Frame Time

Readout Time

Exposure Time

Programmable

User Exsync

FVAL

Exposure Time

Programmable

Internally-generated Exsync

External Frame Rate, Programmable Exposure Time

In this mode, the frame rate is set externally with the falling edge of EXSYNC generating the rising edge of a programmable exposure time.

Camera Features:

 TriggerMode = On  ExposureMode = Timed  ExposureTime = 10000 (for example)  TriggerSource = GPIO Input 1

Figure 13: External Frame Rate, Programmable Exposure Time

Exposure Time

Exposure time is the amount of time that the sensor is allowed to accumulate charge before being read. The user can set the exposure time when the ExposureMode feature is set to Timed. The limitations on the maximum exposure time are listed below:

 External Exposure Time: 100 µs (min) to 1 second (max).  Internal Exposure Time: (1 / frame rate) *0.95

Note: The maximum exposure time is dependent on the frame rate. To increase maximum exposure time, decrease the frame rate. If using an internal exposure time with an external trigger, it may be necessary to reduce exposure time to increase the frame rate.

Trigger Modes

The camera‘s image exposures are initiated by a trigger signal. The trigger event is either a programmable internal signal used in free running mode, an external input used for synchronizing exposures to external triggers, or a programmed function call message by the controlling computer. These triggering modes are described below.

 Free running (trigger disabled): The camera free-running mode has a programmable

internal timer for frame rate and a programmable exposure period.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  33

 External trigger: Exposures are controlled by an external trigger signal. The external trigger

signal can be either a Camera Link HS trigger message or a general purpose input (e.g. GPIO [2 : 1]. General purpose inputs are isolated by an opto-coupler input with a time programmable debounce circuit.

 Software trigger: An exposure trigger is sent as a control command via the command

channel. Software triggers cannot be considered time accurate due to communications latency and sequential command jitter.

Internal Frame Rate

The frame rate is dependent on the number of rows in read, and the summing mode. Frame rate takes priority over exposure time. Maximum exposure time can be increased by lowering frame rate.

I/O Block Diagram

The following diagram describes the Input / Output features of the camera and how they are related.

Opto-Coupled Inputs

The camera provides two sets of opto-isolated input signals. These can be used as external trigger sources. The signals should be in range from 2.4 V to 24 V, 5 V typical. See the lineDetectionLevel feature.

The delay between signals at the I / O pin and the internal timing core is a function of the signal swing and the typical latency @ 5V swing is 3.5 µs.

34  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Figure 14 I/O Module Block Diagram

Refer to Figure 6: 12-pin Hirose Circular Male Power Plug—Power Connector for the connector pin out and electrical information. The cable shell and shield should electrically connect the camera chassis to the computer chassis for maximum EMI protection.

Figure 15 Opto-coupled input

Each input incorporates a signal debounce circuit (following the opto-coupler) to eliminate short noise transitions that could incorrectly be interpreted as a valid pulse. The duration is user programmable from 1 µs to 255 µs using CamExpert.

Opto-Coupled Outputs

The outputs are unpowered devices and require external power. The simplified diagram below demonstrates the need for a pull-up resistor (when using the outputs).

Figure 16: Simplified General Purpose Output Diagram

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  35

Flat Field Correction and Defective Pixel Detection Overview

The Flat Field correction function consists of using two coefficients per pixel which correct the gain and offset of the corresponding pixel. These corrections compensate for the Photo-response Nonuniformity (PRNU) and Fixed Pattern noise (FPN) attributes unique to each camera sensor. In addition, the camera supports replacement of defective pixels (hot, dead, blinking) with a value based on neighborhood pixels.

The Flat Field correction features are grouped in the Advanced Processing category:

Correction Function Block Diagram

The following simplified block diagram shows the processing chain that is applied to the image data (the flat field and defective pixel blocks are highlighted). Note that each processing block can be activated and deactivated independently. For example, the FPN and PRNU coefficients can be applied independently or together using the flatfieldCorrectionMode.

Figure 17 Flat field and defective pixel processing

Dark Row Subtract Algorithm

The dark row subtract algorithm can be enabled, disabled, or set to off. The camera ships from the factory with this feature enabled.

This algorithm improves the time stability of the FPN output from the sensor. The Dark Row Subtract Mode Feature has 3 modes: Off, Disabled, Enabled.

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When off, the dark rows from the image sensor are output in the first 32 rows of the image, the image is shifted by 32 rows, and the top 32 rows of the image are not output. This mode is used to measure and determine if any of the black rows are defective. Defective rows can be excluded from the dark row subtract average using the Dark Row Defect Mask.

When disabled, the normal image is passed through this module without change.

When enabled, the average of the non-defective dark rows from the current and previous frame are averaged on a per column basis and this average is subtracted from the raw sensor data. This results in the average output of the column to be near zero and, as a result, the Dark Row Subtract Digital Offset feature is used to add an offset back into the data so that no zero value clipping occurs and FPN coefficients are correctly calculated. The camera ships with a value of 50 DN and correction coefficients are calculated with the function enabled. Users need to ensure that the FPN / PRNU coefficients in use were calculated with the current setting of the Dark Row Subtract Algorithm.

Flat Field Correction Algorithm Description

Flat Field Correction Algorithm (feature: flatfieldCorrectionAlgorithm) applies the following FFC formula for correcting pixel values:

newPixelValue FFCGain

x,y

Where:

 x & y are the Flat Field Correction Pixel coordinates. (See the

flatfieldCorrectionPixelXCoordinate and flatfieldCorrectionPixelYCoordinate features.)

 newPixelValue is the pixel value after Flat Field Correction is applied.  sensorPixelValue is the pixel value before Flat Field correction is applied.  FFCOffsetBase is one offset coefficient value to subtract from the sensorPixelValue, this

value is measured at minimal exposure time.

 FFCOffsetDelta is another offset coefficient value to subtract from the sensorPixelValue.

This value is measured at current exposure time, and is the deviation from FFCOffsetBase. The normalization operation scales the stored FFCOffsetDelta by multiplying (current integration time) / (calibration integration time). FFCOffsetDelta is measured immediately after FFCOffsetBase.

 FFCGain is the gain coefficient value that is multiplied with the sensorPixelValue.

The implementation of this formula requires that both the FPN and PRNU coefficient are stored in 32 bits. Internally in Falcon4, we reserve 9 bits for the FFCOffsetBase, 9 bits for FFCOffsetDelta (FPN) coefficient and 14 bits for the FFCGain (PRNU) coefficient.

= (sensorPixelValue

x,y

– FFCOffsetBase

x,y

x,y – normalized

FFCOffsetDelta

x,y

) *

General Notes on FFC calibration

The camera comes calibrated with two factory sets, one for each shutter mode. In addition to the factory calibrations, the camera provides three user configurable FFC sets. These can be calibrated and saved in the camera.

Another option is to perform the flat field correction in the frame grabber.

In either case, we recommend that you repeat the correction when a temperature change of greater than 10 °C occurs.

For best results, ensure that:

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  37

In camera flat field calibration can take up to 10 minutes. CamExpert has a default timeout of 20 seconds per command, which is too short for the FFC calibration to run fully. You can change the default timeout by setting a command line argument in the short-cut:

 Right click on the short-cut in the start menu and select properties.  Add –timeout 600 to increase the command timeout to 10 minutes (See

below)

 Repeat for desktop short-cut

 Gain (PRNU) calibration has a clean, white reference. The quality of this reference is

important for proper calibration. White paper is often not sufficient because the grain in the white paper will distort the correction. White plastic or white ceramic will lead to better balancing.

 Ambient light flicker (e.g. fluorescent lights) is sufficiently low not to affect camera

performance and calibration results.

 The average pixel should be at least 20 % below the target output. If the target is too close,

then some pixels may not be able to reach full swing due to correction applied by the camera.

 When 6.25 % of pixels from a single row within the region of interest are clipped to zero or

max value, flat field correction results may be inaccurate.

 Correction results are valid only for the Dark Row Subtract settings for which the coefficients

were calculated. If you change this value, it is recommended that you recalculate your coefficients.

 Appendix D has more details.

An important note on window blemishes

When flat field correction is performed, window cleanliness is paramount. The figure below shows an example of what can happen if a blemish is present on the sensor window when flat field correction is performed. The blemish will cast a shadow on the wafer. FFC will compensate for this shadow by increasing the gain. Essentially FFC will create a white spot to compensate for the dark spot (shadow). As long as the angle of the incident light remains unchanged then FFC works well. However when the angle of incidence changes significantly (i.e. when a lens is added) then the shadow will shift and FFC will makes things worse by not correcting the new shadow (dark spot) and overcorrecting where the shadow used to be (white spot). While the dark spot can be potentially cleaned, the white spot is an FFC artifact that can only be corrected by another FFC calibration.

How to do an FFC Setup in the Camera

38  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Figure 18: Setting the camera’s timeout value

The calibration is performed in two steps. The offset FPN (base and Delta) is determined first by performing an averaging without any light. This calibration determines exactly how much offset to subtract per pixel in order to obtain flat output when the sensor is not exposed to light. If the calibration finds any defective pixels, where its FPN base value is greater than Pixel Replacement Offset Threshold, or its PRNU value is greater than Pixel Replacement Gain Threshold, the pixel can be replaced if Pixel Replacement Mode is Active.

The gain (PRNU) calibration is performed next to determine the multiplication factors required to bring each pixel to the required value (target) for flat, white output. For the monochrome cameras, the target is determined by the user (See flatfieldCalibrationTarget).

It is important to do the FPN correction first. Results of the FPN correction are used in the PRNU procedure.

Let‘s work through a flat field calibration example:

1. The camera is placed in internal exposure and frame rate. Ensure that the area of

interest (AOI) is set to the full window (i.e. Width = SensorWidth and Height = SensorHeight). No other exposure mode or AOI configuration will allow FFC calibration. See ExposureMode, TriggerMode, OffsetX, OffsetY, Width, Height.

2. Settings such as frame rate, exposure time, etc. are set as close as possible to the actual

operating conditions. Set system gain [All Digital] to 1 and background subtract to 0, as these are the defaults during FFC calibration. See GainSelector, Gain, BlackLevelSelector, and BlackLevel.

3. Select correction active set to user flat field x. Go to flat field correction mode, select

calibration. See flatfieldCorrectionCurrentActiveSet, and flatfieldCorrectionMode.

4. Clear existing coefficients. See flatfieldCalibrationClearCoefficient.

5. It is recommended to set Dark Row Subtract function Enabled as this corrects for column

offsets every frame and improves camera stability over time. The FPN coefficient calculation result is impacted by the Dark Row Subtract. It is the user‘s responsibility to ensure the coefficient set in use was calculated with the current setting of the Dark Row Subtract function. When enabling the Dark Row Subtract function, the DarkRowSubtract Digital Offset should be set to 50.

6. Place the camera in the dark (e.g. cover the lens), select FPN Calibration Step No as First

Step and run FPN Calibration. This performs the FPN correction and saves the FPN coefficients to temporary memory. See flatfieldCalibrationFPN. FPNCalibrationStepNo Calibration mode enables both FPN and PRNU correction. Verify signal output is close to 0 DN.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  39

7. Illuminate the sensor to 65% saturation for monochrome cameras. For color cameras, try to

adjust the light level equally above and below 55% for the most and least responsive color. Ensure a high quality white reference is used.

8. Set the Flat Field Calibration Algorithm to PRNU: Customer Target.

9. Set flat field target to 80 % saturation (monochrome only). For color cameras, set the flat

field target to 1.2x the average of the highest responding color. See flatfieldCalibrationTarget.

10. Run Gain (PRNU) calibration. See flatfieldCalibrationPRNU.

A defective pixel will be replaced if Pixel Replacement Mode is Active. A defective pixel is defined as a pixel whose FPN base value is greater than Pixel Replacement Offset Threshold or / and whose PRNU value is greater than Pixel Replacement Gain Threshold.

11. Save the flat field calibration: flatfieldCalibrationSave.

More information is found in Appendix D.

Defective Pixel Detection and Replacement

The camera has three methods of replacing pixels. Single pixel replacement uses the FFC coefficients to mark pixels that will be replaced. Defective columns or rows marked as defective use the median filter algorithm to replace the defect pixel. The dynamic pixel replacement algorithm uses a median filter to replace a given pixel value with the median value when its original value is above / below a threshold when compared to adjacent pixels of the same color. These three methods can be individually controlled.

Single Pixel Replacement

This is a technique for the elimination of dead or hot pixels.

The camera uses the FFC coefficients to indicate which pixels need to be replaced. If a pixel has a Gain (PRNU) coefficient that is greater than the defectivePixelReplacementGainThreshold then the pixel will be marked for replacement. Additionally, a pixel will be replaced if its Base Offset (FPN) coefficient that is greater than the offset pixel replacement threshold (defectivePixelReplacementOffsetThreshold ). Lowering these thresholds will remove more pixels with high gain and offset coefficients.

Most hot and dead pixels will be identified when a FPN or PRNU calibration is performed in camera. The user can also manually mark a pixel for replacement by setting its Pixel Base Offset to 511.

The replacement algorithm is shown below in the Median Filter section.

Defective Columns and Row Replacement

Defective rows and columns are marked during factory calibration but users can add or remove defective rows and columns to / from the list. The Pixel Replacement Mode can be set to Off, which does not replace the defective rows and columns, or Active to hide defective rows and columns. To clear all rows and columns from the list, use the Pixel Replacement Clear function. To add a defective Row or Column the following steps are used:

1) Select Row or Column using the Pixel Row or Column Selector.

2) Set the Row or Column Id using the Pixel Replacement Row or Column Number field.

3) The modified list can be saved in a user set.

40  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

The median filter algorithm, below, is used to replace defection rows and columns.

Median Filter

Enable the median filter by setting the medianFilter to Active (Image Format Controls). Setting this filter to Off disables the medianFilter.

When the Median Filter is Active, then the Median Filter Threshold value controls the decision to replace the pixel value. Replacement occurs when a pixel‘s current value differs from the median value of a 3 x 3 kernel by more than the threshold value. The pixel is replaced by the median value of a 3 x 3 kernel.

The algorithm is described below for monochrome cameras. Color cameras use the pixels of same color in the matrix.

1. 3X3 2D median filter algorithm a. First step calculation the 5 elements median value Pm1 and Pm2

P1 P2 P3 P1 P3 P4 P5 P6 => P5 => Med{P1, P3, P5, P7, P9} => Pmx; P7 P8 P9 P7 P9

P1 P2 P3 P2 P4 P5 P6 => P4 P5 P6 => Med{P2, P4, P5, P6, P8} => Pmc; P7 P8 P9 P8

b. Second step calculation the 3 elements median

Med{P5, Pmx, Pmc} => Pm;

c. Third step check the threshold(8bit value and default=255)

if (|P5 – Pm| > threshold) then

P5 output <= Pm;

else

P5 output <= P5;

end if;

2. Defect Pixel Replacement 3x3 2D Replacement

Each pixel with input defect flag associated if the flag is 1 the pixel will be do the 2D median filter but without check threshold.

File Access via the CamExpert Tool

1. Click on the “Setting…” button to show the file selection menu.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  41

Figure 19 Initial File Access Control Dialog

2. From the Type drop menu, select the file type that will be uploaded to the camera.

3. From the File Selector drop menu, select the camera memory location for the uploaded data. This menu

presents only the applicable data locations for the selected file type.

4. Click the Browse button to open a typical Windows Explorer window.

5. Select the specific file from the system drive or from a network location.

6. Click the Download button to execute the file transfer from the Falcon4.

7. Note that firmware changes require a device reset command.

42  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Technical Specifications

Mechanicals

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  43

Teledyne DALSA inc. 605McMurray Road, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2V 2E9

EN55032 (2012)

Electromagnetic compatibility of multimedia equipment — Emission requirements

EN55011 (2009) with A1(2010)

Industrial, scientific and medical equipment — Radiofrequency disturbance characteristics — Limits and methods of measurement

EN 61326-1 (2013)

Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use — EMC requirements — Part 1: General requirements

EN 55024 (2010)

Information technology equipment — Immunity characteristics — Limits and methods of measurement

CFR 47

Part 15 (2008), subpart B, for a class A product. Limits for digital devices

ICES-003

Information Technology Equipment (ITE) — Limits and Methods of Measurement

CISPR 11

Industrial, scientific and medical equipment - Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement

CISPR 32

Electromagnetic compatibility of multimedia equipment - Emission requirements

EC & FCC Declaration of Conformity

We:

Declare under sole legal responsibility that the following products conform to the protection requirements of council directive 2004/108/EC (2014/30/EU after April 2016) on the approximation of the laws of member states relating to electromagnetic compatibility and are CE-marked accordingly:

FA-SO-86M16-01-R and FA-S1-86M16-00-R

The products to which this declaration relates are in conformity with the following relevant harmonized standards, the reference numbers of which have been published in the Official Journal of the European Communities:

Further declare under our sole legal responsibility that the product listed also conforms to the following international standards:

Note: this product is intended to be a component of a larger system.

Waterloo, Canada. 2015 Apr.13

Hank Helmond Director, Quality Assurance

44  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Display Name

Feature & Values

Description

Standard & View

Device Vendor Name

DeviceVendorName

Displays the device vendor name. (RO)

Beginner

Device Model Name

DeviceModelName

Displays the device model name. (RO)

Beginner

Device Family Name

DeviceFamilyName

Displays the device family product name. (RO)

Beginner

Device Version

DeviceVersion

Displays the device version. This tag will also highlight if the firmware is a beta or custom design. This is an automatically generated number that specifically identifies the software build. (RO)

Beginner Firmware Version

DeviceFirmwareVersion

Displays the currently loaded firmware version number. Firmware files have a unique number and have the .cbf file extension. (RO)

Beginner Device ID

DeviceID

Displays the device’s factory set camera

serial number. (RO)

Beginner

Device User ID

DeviceUserID

Feature to store a user-programmable identifier of up to 15 characters. The default factory setting is the camera serial number. (RW)

Beginner

Appendix A: GenICam Commands

This appendix lists the available GenICam camera features. Access these features using the CamExpert interface.

Parameters in gray are read only, either always or due to another parameter being disabled. Parameters in black are user set in CamExpert or programmable via an imaging application.

Features listed in the description table but tagged as Invisible are typically reserved for Teledyne DALSA Support or third party software usage, and not typically required by end user applications.

Additionally the Standard column will indicate which parameter is a member of the custom DALSA Features Naming Convention (denoted by DFNC), versus the GenICam Standard Features Naming Convention (SFNC not shown).

Camera Information Category

The camera information group provides general information about the camera. Parameters such as camera model and firmware version uniquely identify the connected device. As well, temperature can be monitored and user sets can be saved and loaded to and from the camera‘s non-volatile memory using the features grouped here.

Camera Information Feature Descriptions

The following table describes these parameters along with their view attribute.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  45

Device Temperature Selector

DeviceTemperatureSelector

Select the source where the temperature is read. (RW)

1.00 Beginner

FPGA Board

FPGABoard

Read FPGA Board temperature.

Sensor Board

SensorBoard

Read sensor board temperature.

Sensor

Read sensor temperature.

Device Temperature

DeviceTemperature

Displays the device temperature in degrees Celsius.

Depending on the host application (e.g. GUI). This value is a polled value and may automatically be updated every second. Otherwise the value will only be updated upon connection or when the Refresh Temperature selector is pressed.

Beginner

Refresh Temperature

readTemperature

Refreshes the temperature reading. (W)

Device Voltage

DeviceVoltage

The applied voltage to the image sensor. (RO)

User Set Default Selector

UserSetDefaultSelector

Selects the camera configuration set to load and make active on camera power-up or reset. The camera configuration sets are stored in camera non-volatile memory. (RW)

Beginner

Factory

Load factory-calibrated defaults.

UserSet1 to UserSet 4

UserSet1 to UserSet4

Select the user defined configuration (UserSet1 to UserSet8) as the Power-up Configuration.

User Set Selector

UserSetSelector

Selects the camera configuration set to load feature settings from or save current feature settings to. The Factory set contains default camera feature settings. User camera configuration sets contain features settings previously saved by the user. (RW)

Beginner

Factory Set

Factory

Select the default camera feature settings saved by the factory.

User Set 1 to User Set 4

UserSet1 to UserSet4

Select the User Defined Configuration space (UserSet1 to UserSet8) to save to or load from features settings previously saved by the user.

User Set Load

UserSetLoad

Loads the camera configuration set specified by the User Set Selector feature, to the camera and makes it active. (W)

Beginner

User Set Save

UserSetSave

Saves the current camera configuration to the user set specified by the User Set Selector feature. The user sets are located on the camera in non-volatile memory. Disabled when flatfieldCorrectionMode = Calibration or UserSetSelector = Factory. (W)

Beginner

Device Reset

DeviceReset

Resets the device to its power up state. (W)

Beginner

46  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

DFNC Major Rev

deviceDFNCVersionMajor

Major revision of Dalsa Feature Naming Convention which was used to create the device’s XML. (RO)

DFNC Invisible

DFNC Minor Rev

deviceDFNCVersionMinor

Minor revision of Dalsa Feature Naming Convention which was used to create the device’s XML. (RO)

DFNC Invisible Device FPAG Info

deviceFPAGInfo

FPGA version information (date : time)

DFNC Invisible

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  47

Display Name

Feature & Values

Description

Standard & View

Acquisition Mode

AcquisitionMode

Acquisition mode of the camera.

Beginner

Continuous

Frames are captured continuously until stopped with the Acquisition Stop command.

Acquisition Status

AcquisitionStatus

This feature reports if the camera is currently transmitting image data. < RO >

Beginner

Acquisition Start

AcquisitionStart

Starts the acquisition of the device. The number of frames captured is specified by Acquisition Mode feature.

Beginner Acquisition Stop

AcquisitionStop

Stops the acquisition of the device at the end of the current frame(s) sequence.

Beginner

Display Name

Feature & Values

Description

Standard & View

Device Scan Type

DeviceScanType

Scan type of the sensor. < RO>

Beginner

Area scan

Areascan

2D area scan sensor.

Sensor Color Type

sensorColorType

Defines the camera sensor color type. < RO >

Beginner DFNC

Monochrome Sensor

Monochrome

Sensor color type is monochrome. (RO)

CFA Bayer Sensor

CFA_Bayer

Sensor color type is Bayer Pattern.(RO)

Sensor Width

SensorWidth

Defines the sensor width in active pixels. < RO>

Expert

Sensor Height

SensorHeight

Defines the sensor height in active lines. < RO>

Expert

Acquisition and Transfer Control Category

The acquisition and transfer control category, as shown by CamExpert, group acquisition and transfer specific parameters.

Acquisition and Transfer Control Feature Descriptions

The following table describes these parameters along with their view attribute.

Sensor Control Category

The camera sensor controls, as shown by CamExpert, group sensor specific parameters.

Sensor Control Feature Descriptions

The following table describes these parameters along with their view attribute.

48  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Frame Rate

AcquisitionFrameRate

Specifies the camera internal frame rate, in Hz. (Read-only when TriggerMode = "On")

1 to x Hz (where x is a calculated maximum) The maximum value of the frame rate is the

result of a complicated formula and is dependent on the following features:

Height, summingMode, pixelformat

Note that any user entered value is automatically adjusted to a valid camera value.

Beginner

Exposure Mode

ExposureMode

Sets the operation mode for the camera’s

exposure.

Beginner

Timed

The exposure duration time is set using the Exposure Time feature and the exposure starts with a LineStart event.

Trigger Width

TriggerWidth

Uses the width of the trigger signal pulse to control the exposure duration. Use the Trigger Activation feature to set the polarity of the trigger.

The Trigger Width setting is active when the Trigger Mode is On and a signal (e.g. Line 1) is selected as the trigger source. These features are found in the I/O Control category.

Exposure Time

ExposureTime

Sets the exposure time (in microseconds) when the Exposure Mode feature is set to Timed.

Beginner

Gain Selector

GainSelector

Selects which channel’s gain is controlled when adjusting gain features.

Beginner

All Digital

DigitalAll

Apply a digital gain adjustment to the entire image.

Digital Red(Bayer Camera Only)

DigitalRed

Digital Blue(bayer

Camera Only)

DigitalBlue

Digital Green Blue(BayerCamera Only)

Digital Green Red

DigitalGreenBlue

DigitalGreenRed

Green pixels that share same row as blue.

Green pixels that share the same row as red.

Gain

Sets the selected gain as an amplification factor applied to the image. (RW)

Beginner

Black Level Selector

BlackLevelSelector

Selects which black level (i.e. dark offset) is controlled when adjusting the black level feature.(RW)

Beginner

Digital Before FFC

DigitalAll1

Global FPN. Apply black level adjustment to all digital channels or taps, before flat field correction.

Digital After FFC

DigitalAll2

Background Subtract. Apply black level adjustment to all digital channels or taps, after flat field correction.

Background Add

BackgroundAdd

Add a digital value to the image before FFC (tbc)

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  49

Black Level

BlackLevel

Sets the Black level (offset) in DN selected by the BlackLevelSelector (RW)

Expert

Shutter Mode

shutterMode

Determines the exposure mode used by the sensor (RW)

Guru

Global

All pixels integrate simultaneously and then held constant until they can be read. This is at the cost of higher noise.

Rolling

The rows of the sensor integrate light at slightly different times. This can cause image artifacts. Especially if the scene is moving.

50  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Display Name

Feature & Values

Description

Standar d & View

Trigger Selector

TriggerSelector

Displays the type of trigger to configure with the various Trigger features. <RO>

Beginner

FrameStart

Selects a trigger starting the capture of a single frame.

Trigger Mode

TriggerMode

Enables and disables external frame trigger.(RW)

Beginner

Off

Use an internal trigger.

Use an external trigger. This option is not available while in Calibration Mode.

Trigger Source

TriggerSource

Specifies the internal signal or input line to use as the trigger source. (RW)

The trigger mode must be set to On.

Beginner

Software

Software trigger through the TriggerSoftware command.

LinkTrigger0

CLHS trigger message from the FG.

Line1

General Purpose Input Line 1

Line2

General Purpose Input Line 2

Software Trigger

TriggerSoftware

Generate an internal trigger. Available when the trigger mode is enabled and the trigger source is equal to Software.(W)

Beginner

Trigger Delay

TriggerDelay

Specifies the delay in microseconds to apply after the trigger reception before activating it. Possible values are:

0 - 1*10^6µs

Beginner

LineSelector

Selects the logical line of the device to configure.(RW)

Beginner

General Purpose Input 1

Line1

General Purpose Input 1

General Purpose Input 2

Line2

General Purpose Input 2

General Purpose Output 1

Line3

General Purpose Output 1

General Purpose Output 2

Line4

General Purpose Output 2

Line Mode

LineMode

Returns if the selected physical pin is used as an input or output signal. <RO>

Beginner

Input

The selected physical pin is used as an input.

Output

The selected physical pin is used as an output.

Line Pinout

linePinAssociation

Gets the physical pin location associated with the logical line. The H1 prefix refers to the Hirose Power and input cable (see Figure 6). <RO>

DFNC Beginner

H1_Pin6Pos_Pin5Neg

General Purpose Input 1: Hirose Pin 6 Positive, Pin 5 Negative.

I / O Control Category

The camera‘s I / O controls, as shown by CamExpert, group features used to configure external

inputs and acquisition actions based on those inputs, plus camera output signals to other devices.

I/O Controls Feature Descriptions

The following table describes these parameters along with their view attribute.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  51

H1_Pin11Pos_Pin12Ne g

H1_Pin11Pos_Pin12Neg

General Purpose Input 2: Hirose Pin 11 Positive, Pin 12 Negative.

H1_Pin3_Pin4

General Purpose Output 1: Hirose Pin 3, Pin 4.

H1_Pin7_Pin8

General Purpose Output 2: Hirose Pin 7, Pin 8.

Line Debouncing Period

lineDebouncingPeriod

Specifies the minimum length of an input line voltage transition before recognizing a signal transition. Available when the Line Selector is set to an input. Each input line stores its own debouncing period.(RW)

Possible values are: 1 to 255 µs.

DFNC Beginner

Line Inverter

Controls whether to invert the selected input or output line signal. (RW)

Beginner

True

Invert signal.

False

Do not invert signal.

Line Status

LineStatus

Returns the current status of the selected input or output line. This is a polled feature that requires the host to poll the camera for the latest value.(RO)

Beginner

True

Selected signal is high.

False

Selected signal is low.

Output Line Source

outputLineSource

Selects which internal signal or software control state to output on the selected line. The pulse is defined by outputLinePulseDelay and

outputLinePulseDuration.(RW)

Note: the Line Mode feature must be set to Output.

DFNC Beginner

Off

The output line is open.

Software Controlled

SoftwareControlled

The value of the output line is determined by

outputLineValue, outputLineSoftwareLatchControl and / or outputLineSoftwareCmd.

Pulse On: Start of Exposure

PulseOnStartofExposure

Generate a pulse when the sensor actually starts exposing its pixels. (Slight delay after EXSYNC).

Pulse On: End of Exposure

PulseOnEndofExposure

Generate a pulse when the sensor stops exposing its pixels.

Pulse On: Start of Readout

PulseOnStartofReadout

Generate a pulse when the sensor starts reading its pixels.

Pulse On: End of Readout

PulseOnEndofReadout

Generate a pulse when the sensor stops reading its pixels.

Pulse On: GP Input 1

PulseOnInput1

Generate a pulse when the General Purpose Input 1 goes active.

Pulse On: GP Input 2

Pulse OnInput2

Generate a pulse when the General Purpose Input 2 goes active.

52  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Output Line Pulse Duration (in Us)

outputLinePulseDuration

Sets the duration of the output pulse (RW)

1 to100, 000 µs

Note: LineMode feature must be set to Output and outputLineSource is not equal to Off or SoftwareControlled.

DFNC Beginner

Output Line Value

outputLineValue

Selects the state of the output on the selected line. (RW) The Value will be applied immediately if the outputLineSoftwareLatchControl feature is equal to OFF.

The Value will be applied when the

outputLineSoftwareCmd feature is set if the outputLineSoftwareLatchControl feature is

equal to LATCH.

Note: LineMode feature must be set to Output and outputLineSource set to SoftwareControlled.

DFNC Beginner

Active

Sets the Output circuit to close.

Inactive

Inactive - Sets the Output circuit to open.

Line Detection Level

lineDetectionLevel

The voltage at which the signal is treated as a logical high. Available when the Line selector is set to a general purpose input (GPI). (RW)

Note: This value is for both general purpose inputs (i.e. setting this value sets it for both Line 1 and Line 2).

DFNC Beginner

2.4V Threshold

Threshold_2_4

2.4V threshold: for TTL inputs

Threshold_6_0

6V threshold: for 12V input

Threshold_12_0

12V threshold: for 24V input

Line Status All

LineStatusAll

Returns the current status of all available line signals, at time of polling, in a single bitfield. This is a polled feature that requires the host to poll the camera for the latest value. <RO>

The order is Line1(LSB), Line2, Line3, Line4/

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Not used

Line 4

Line 3

Line 2

Line 1(LSB)

Beginner

Output Line Software Latch Control

outputLineSoftwareLatchContro l

The software latch allows the user to set more than 1 output simultaneously(RW)

OutputLine that are currently in Software Latch control will only set with the value in

OutputLineValue with the outputLineSoftwareCmd feature.

DFNC Beginner

Off

Changes to the output line value are applied immediately.

Latch

Changes to the output line value are applied when the Output Line Software Command is triggered.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  53

Output Line Software Command

outputLineSoftwareCmd

Contains a bit field representing whether to apply to cached outputLineValue values. (W)

Value

0 Don‘t apply any value

Apply outputLineValue of Output1

Apply outputLineValue of Output2

Apply outputLineValue of Output1 and Output2

Note: LineMode feature must be set to Output and outputLineSource is set SoftwareControlled.

DFNC Beginner

54  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Display Name

Feature & Values

Description

Standard & View

Correction Mode

flatfieldCorrectionMode

Sets the mode for flat field correction.(RW)

DFNC Beginner

Off

Flat field correction is disabled.

Active

ActiveAll

Flat field correction is enabled. FPN and PRNU correction is active.

Active, FPN Only

ActiveFPNOnly

FPN correction is active.

Active, PRNU Only

ActivePRNUOnly

PRNU correction is active.

Calibration

The camera is configured to calibration mode (Only available when TriggerMode = Off, flatfieldCorrectionCurrentActiveSet is not FactoryFlatfield,).

The device may automatically adjust some features in the camera when calibration mode is enabled. The features that are automatically adjusted are device specific. The device will not restore these features when the flat field correction mode is changed from calibration mode to another mode.

It is not available for FactoryFlatfield1 [Global Shutter Factory Flat Field] FactoryFlatfield2 [Rolling Shutter Factory Flat Field].

It is not available for external mode, and it is not available for AOI smaller than 2048 horizontal.

Current Active Set

flatfieldCorrectionCurrentActiveSet

Specifies the current set of flat field coefficients to use. This feature cannot be changed while the camera is in flat field calibration mode. Read-Write (Read-Only when in Calibration Mode).

DFNC Beginner

Global Shutter Factory Flat Field

FactoryFlatfield1

Factory calibrated flat field for Global Shutter Mode

Rolling Shutter Factory Flat Field

FactoryFlatfield2

Factory calibrated flat field for Rolling Shutter Mode.

User Flat Field 1 to User Flat Field 3

UserFlatfield1 to UserFlatfield3

User Flat Field 1 to User Flat Field 3: User configurable flat field sets

Pixel X Coordinate

flatfieldCorrectionPixelXCoordinate

Specifies the X coordinate of the flat field pixel coefficient to access. (RW) To configure, set Correction Mode to Calibration. Range: 1 to SensorWidth

Beginner

Advanced Processing Control Category

The camera‘s Advanced Processing controls, as shown in CamExpert, group parameters used to

configure Defective Pixel Detection, Flat Field calibration.

Advanced Processing Control Feature Descriptions

The following table describes these parameters along with their view attribute.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  55

Pixel Y Coordinate

flatfieldCorrectionPixelYCoordinate

Specifies the Y coordinate of the flat field pixel coefficient to access. (RW) To configure, set Correction Mode to Calibration. Range: 1 to SensorHieght

DFNC Beginner

Pixel Gain(PRNU)

flatfieldCorrectionGain

Sets the gain to apply to the currently selected pixel. Range is from 1 to 4, as float.

To configure, set Correction Mode to Calibration.

Pixel Base Offset(FPN)

flatfieldCorrectionOffsetBase

Sets the offset to apply to the currently selected pixel. It is measured at the minimal exposure time at dark.

To use, set the Correction Mode feature to Calibration.

Beginner

Pixel Delta Offset(FPN)

flatfieldCorrectionOffsetDelta

Sets the offset to apply to the currently selected pixel. Measured at the current exposure time at dark with a subtraction of flatfieldCorrectionOffsetBase.

Range is 0 to 511, as float. Read-Write when in Calibration Mode.

Clear Coefficients

flatfieldCalibrationClearCoefficient

This feature is used to clear all the current FPN and PRNU coefficients in the selected Active Set. (W)

Read-Write when in Calibration Mode

DFNC Expert

FPN calibration step No

This feature selects the FPN calculation method. (RW)

Step 1

When the Offset Calibration is commanded, the base FPN value and the delta FPN value are calculated.

Step 2

When the Offset Calibration is commanded the base FPN value is calculated and not the delta FPN. The purpose is to enable calibration with a small amount of light to avoid the nonlinear behavior near zero illumination. A recommended illumination level is 50 DN.

Offset(FPN) Calibration

flatfieldCalibrationFPN

Performs fixed pattern noise (FPN) calibration. FPN calibration eliminates fixed pattern noise by subtracting all nonuniformities and dark current to obtain near 0 DN output in the dark (no light exposed to the sensor). This currently can take up to 5 minutes.

Read-Write when in Calibration Mode

DFNC Expert

56  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

AutoBrightness OffsetY

autoBrightnessOffsetY

Sets the start of the area in the y direction for pixels included in the color PRNU Target average.(RW)

Is automatically increased if the OffsetY is increased and has minimum value OffsetY+2. This parameter increments in multiples of 2

The autoBrightnessHeight may need to be reduced before this value can be increased.

autoBrightnessOffsetY <= OffsetY+Height

-4-autoBrightnessHeight.

AutoBrightness OffsetX

autoBrightnessOffsetX

Sets the start of the area in the x direction for pixels included in the color PRNU Target average.(RW)

Has minimum value 0 and increments in multiples of 32. Non multiples of 32 are rounded down to the nearest multiple.

The autoBrightnessWidth may need to be reduced to increase this value. The minimum width is 64.

autoBrightnessOffsetX <= 10720autoBrightnessWidth.

AutoBrightness Height

autoBrightnessHeight

Determines the number of rows to include in the average used to set the PRNU targets for color sensors.(RW)

The minimum autoBrightnessHeight is 4 rows and the maximum is Height-4. The autoBrightnessheight is increased in multiples of 2 and if an odd number is entered, the entry will be rounded down when possible. Also the AutoBrightnessOffsetY may need to be decreased before increasing this parameter.

autoBrighitnessHeight =<OffsetY+Height2-autoBrightnessOffsetY

AutoBrightness Width

autoBrightnessWidth

Determines the number of columns to include in the average used to set the PRNU targets for color sensors.(RW)

The minimum autoBrightnessWidth is 64 columns and the maximum is Width is

10720. The width is increased in multiples of 32 and entries will be rounded down to a multiple of 32. Also the AutoBrightnessOffsetX may need to be decreased before increasing this parameter.

autoBrighitnessWidth <= 10720 autoBrightnessOffsetx

Flatfield Calibration Algorithm

flatfieldCorrectionAlgorithm

Selects the algorithm to use for calibration of flat field PRNU coefficients. (RW)

DFNC Beginner

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  57

PRNU: Customer Target

PRNU_Customer_Target

The following formula is used to calculate the flatfield corrected pixel:

Monochrome During operation : correctedPixelValuex,y =

(sensorPixelValuex,y – DarkRowSubtractFFCOffsetx,y – currentIntTime/CalIntTime*DeltaFPNxy) * FFCGain[x][y]

* The FPN coefficients must be calculated with the intended DarkRowSubtractMode (on or off)

FFCOffsetx,y = the average offset value per pixel that is measured when the sensor is dark at the minimum integration time, with or without the DarkRowSubtract function enabled.

DeltaFPNxy is average value per pixel measured at the calibration integration time –the FPNoffsetxy

FFCGainxy is calculated under approximately 50% illumination and is the result of the following calculation

FFCGainxy = Target/(Average signalxy – DarkRowSubtract- FFCOffsetx,y –

currentIntTime/CalIntTime*DeltaFPNxy)

It is recommended that the target be set 20% higher than the average scene value.

Color During operation the equation, when

enabled is correctedPixelValuex,y =

(sensorPixelValuex,y – DarkRowSubtractFFCOffsetx,y – currentIntTime/CalIntTime*DeltaFPNxy) * FFCGain[x][y]

The dark offsets are calculated as above.

The PRNU coefficient is calculated using customer entered per color targets. It is recommended these values be 1.2x the measured color average.

FFCGainxyr/g/b = Targetr/g/b/(Average signalxy –

DarkRowSubtract- FFCOffsetx,y – currentIntTime/CalIntTime*DeltaFPNxy)

White balance gains are set to unity and saved with the coefficient set.

58  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

PRNU: Auto Color Gain

PRNUautoColorGain

The calculation equations are the same as above, however the target value is determined by the camera over the Area of Interest controlled by the entries of the AutoBrightnessXXX parameters.

The target value is Targetx = Averagex*1.2 Where x is the specific color/ or mono. In this mode the white balance gains are

stored with the PRNU coefficients and are set as WBgain most responsive color =1, WBgainColor1/2= MostresponsiveColor / (Color1/2Avg)

Gain Calibration Target Selector

flatfieldColorTargetSelector

Selects the color PRNU target that the Gain Calibration Target is applied to. (RW) Mono cameras do not have this selector.

DFNC Expert

TargetRed TargetGreen TargetBlue

Gain Calibration Target

flatfieldCalibrationTarget

Sets the target pixel value for the gain (PRNU) calibration for the respective color when in calibration mode, method 1. (RW) It is specified as a percentage of the output range (for example, 2048 DN for 12 bits = 50%).

Range is 0 to 100 %, as float. All three colors need to be entered for the

color camera and a single value entered for the monochrome camera. It is recommended the flatfieldCalibrationTarget = colorAverage*1.2.

PRNU calculation method 2 uses image statistics to calculate the target values and flatfieldCalibrationTarget is not used.

For Color Cameras: method 1 sets the white balance gain factors to unity for the PRNU coefficient set, while Method 2 stores the white balance gain factors needed to achieve white balance.

DFNC Expert

Calibration Sample Size

flatfieldCalibrationSampleSize

The number of images to average to perform the calibration.(RW)

DFNC Beginner

Average 256 images

Avg256

Average 256 images. Recommended for PRNU calculation.

Average 128 images

Avg128

Average 128 images. Recommended for FPN calculation.

Average 64 images

Avg64

Average 64 images.

Average 32 images

Avg32

Average 32 images.

Average 16 images

Avg16

Average 16 images. Read-Write when in Calibration Mode.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  59

Gain(PRNU) Calibration

flatfieldCalibrationPRNU

Performs photo response non-uniformity (PRNU) calibration. (W)

PRNU calibration eliminates the difference in responsivity between the most and least sensitive pixel, creating a uniform response to light. Pixels that fall outside gain range of 1 to 4 for their color are marked as defective.

Write when in Calibration Mode

DFNC Expert

Save Calibration

flatfieldCalibrationSave

Saves the current flat field coefficients in the Active Set to the corresponding nonvolatile memory. (W) The color camera also stores the individual color gains and system gain. Write when in Calibration Mode.

DFNC Expert

Copy Source

flatfieldCoefficientsCopySource

Selects the flatfield coefficients set to copy to the current Active Set. Read-Write when in Calibration Mode

DFNC Expert

Global Shutter Factory Flat Field

FactoryFlatfield1

Factory calibrated flat field for Global Shutter Mode

Rolling Shutter Factory Flat Field

FactoryFlatfield2

Factory calibrated flat field for Rolling Shutter Mode.

User Flat Field 1 to User Flat Field 3

UserFlatfield1 to UserFlatfield3

User Flat Field 1 to User Flat Field 3: User configurable flat field sets

Copy Coefficient to Active

flatfieldCoefficientsCopyInCurrent

Copies the currently selected by flatfieldCoeffiecientsCopySource to the Active Set. Write when in Calibration Mode

DFNC Expert

Pixel Replacement Mode

defectivePixelReplacementMode

Enable or disable pixel replacement. (RW) If Active: If FPNx,y >

defectivePixelReplacementOffsetThreshol d OR PRNUx,y > defectivePixelReplacementGainThreshold, then

Pixelx,y is replaced using the algorithm below.

DFNC Expert

Off

Disable pixel replacement

Active

Enable defective pixel replacement

Pixel Replacement Offset Threshold

defectivePixelReplacementOffsetThreshol d

The FFC base + integration time scaled delta offset value (FPN) above which the pixel are deemed hot pixels and replaced. This value can be adjusted to replace more or fewer pixels. (RW)

Possible values are:1 to 4096, as float

DFNC Guru

Pixel Replacement Gain Threshold

defectivePixelReplacementGainThreshold

The FFC gain value (PRNU) above which the pixel are deemed dead pixels and replaced. This value can be adjusted to replace more or fewer pixels.(RW)

Possible values are:1 to 4, as float

DFNC Guru

Pixel Replacement Algorithm

defectivePixelReplacementAlgorithm

Selects the pixel replacement algorithm. (RO) There is a separate register to enable/disable Pixel Replacement.

DFNC Expert

60  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

2D Median

The median filter algorithm determines the median value of the same color pixels in the immediate surroundings of the pixel in question. If the median value differs from the value of the pixel in question by more than the value entered into the medianfilterthreshold register, then the median value replaces the current pixel value.

If the current pixel is marked as defective, then the median value replaces the current value regardless of the calculation.

Pixel Replacement Row or Column Selector

Rpw Column

Determines if the Pixel Replacement Row or Column Number is for Rows or Columns (RW)

Pixel Replacement Row or Column No

Value

The column or row which is selected to be defined as having the median filter active or not active for the pixels in the column or row.(RW)

Pixel Replacement Mode

Off Active

When set to Active the entire row or column of pixel values are replaced with the median value. This is an independent control from the FPN/PRNU defect threshold. (RW)

Pixel Replacement Clear

PixelReplacementClear

Clears all Active rows and columns from being included in the defect replacement and sets them to Off.

FPN Base Defect Count

flatfieldCalibrationFPNBaseDefectCount

Reports the number of defect pixels detected in FPN base calibration.

DFNC Guru

FPN Delta Defect Count

flatfieldCalibrationFPNDeltaDefectCount

Reports the number of defect pixels detected in FPN delta calibration.

DFNC Guru

PRNU Defect Count

flatfieldCalibrationPRNUDefectCount

Reports the number of defect pixels detected in PRNU delta calibration.

DFNC Guru

Dark Row Subtract Mode

DarkRowSubtractMode

The dark row subtract function measures the sensor dark row pixels and forms an average for each column which is subtracted, according to selected mode, from the pixel data. This module corrects for column based offsets and uses at most 28 of the 32 available sensor dark rows. (RW)

It should be noted that FPN coefficients should be calculated and used under the same Dark Row Subtract Mode.

Off

The black rows are output on image row 0 to 31, followed by the normal image rows shifted 32 rows. The highest 32 rows of image are not displayed. The values of the pixels are not altered by the Dark Row Subtract Module.

Disabled

The video data is passed through without being modified or shifted.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  61

Enabled

The average of the DarkRowAverageCurrentFrame and the previous DarkRowAverageCurrentFrame is found and then subtracted from all the image pixels.

VideoOut(x,y) = Raw(X,y) – (DarkRowAverageCurrentFrame(x)/2 + DarkRowAveragePreviousFrame(x)/2)

Dark Row Subtract Digital Offset

DarkRowSubtractDigitalOffset

The value entered is added to the 12 bit data and is used to ensure that the data leaving the Dark Row Subtract Module is > 0. This allows for correct FPN coefficient calculation. (RW)

Dark Row Defect Mask

DarkRowDefectMask

This is a mask which can exclude any dark row of the 16 dark rows at the bottom of the image sensor (row 0 to 15) or at the top of the image sensor (row 16 to 31). The bit mask is one hot and rows 0,15,16 and 31 are always marked as excluded.

Mandatory set bits are shown below: (Bit 31…..Bit0) Mask = 0x80018001

Dark Row Defect Threshold

DarkRowDefectThreshold

The value entered is checked against every dark pixel. If a single pixel is found to be greater than the threshold, then the entire row is dynamically excluded from the DarkRowAverageCurrentFrame.

62  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Display Name

Feature & Values

Description

Standard & View

Width

Width of the Image provided by the device which ranges up to the SensorWidth in multiples of 32 pixels (in pixels).(RW)

Beginner

Height

Height of the Image provided by the device (in lines) which ranges up to the SensorHeight in multiple of 2 rows.(RW)

Beginner

Offset X

OffsetX

Horizontal offset from the Sensor Origin to the Area Of Interest (in pixels). (RW) Note Width must be reduced first. The offset is a multiple of 32 pixels.

Beginner

Offset Y

OffsetY

Vertical offset from the Sensor Origin to the Area Of Interest (in pixels). Note Height must be reduced first and is a multiple of 2 rows.

Beginner

Pixel Format

PixelFormat

Output image pixel coding format of the sensor.

Beginner

Mono12/BayerGB1 2

Mono12

Mono12 or BayerGB 12-Bit

Mono16/BayerGB1 6

Mono16

Mono16 or BayerGB 16-Bit

Pixel Color Filter

PixelColorFilter

Indicates the type of color filter applied to the image. <RO>

Beginner

BayerGB

Color Sensor (color camera)

None

No filter applied on the sensor (monochrome camera)

Pixel Coding

PixelCoding

Output image pixel coding format of the sensor. <RO>

Beginner

BayerGB

Color Sensor (Color Camera)

Mono

Monochrome format

Test Image Selector

TestImageSelector

Selects the type of test image output by the camera. See the Test Patterns section for more information. Flatfield correction will be disabled if the user selects the PRNU value.

Beginner

Off

Image is from the camera sensor.

Image Format Controls Category

The camera Image Format controls, as shown by CamExpert, group parameters used to configure camera pixel format, and image cropping. Additionally, a feature control to select and output an internal test image simplifies qualifying a camera setup without a lens.

Parameters in gray are read only, either always or due to another parameter being disabled. Parameters in black are user set in CamExpert or programmable via an imaging application.

Features listed in the description table but tagged as Invisible are usually for Teledyne DALSA Support or third party software usage—not typically required by end user applications.

The following table describes these parameters along with their view attribute and minimum camera firmware version required. Additionally the table will indicate which parameter is a member of the DALSA Features Naming Convention (DFNC), GenICam Standard Features Naming Convention or custom camera feature.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  63

Grey Horizontal Ramp

GreyHorizontalRamp

Image is filled horizontally with an image that goes from the darkest possible value to the brightest.

Grey Vertical Ramp

GreyVerticalRamp

Image is filled vertically with an image that goes from the darkest possible value to the brightest.

Purity

Image is filled with an image that goes from the darkest possible value to the brightest by 1 DN increment per frame.

Grey Diagonal Ramp

GreyDiagonalRamp

Image is filled horizontally and vertically with an image that goes from the darkest possible value to the brightest by 1 DN increment per pixel.

Static Value

User-specified static value. The value is set using the testImageStaticValue feature.

PRNU

This is 2 times the sum of a horizontal test pattern that repeats every 64 pixels and a vertical test pattern that repeats every 62 lines plus + testImageStaticValue. This test pattern can be used to test FPN and PRNU correction.

Test Image Static Value

testImageStaticValue

Pixel value to use for test image when the TestImageSelector feature is set to ―Static Value‖. Read-Write when TestImageSelector is either PRNU, or StaticValue.

Possible values are: 0 to 4095

DFNC Beginner

Summing Mode

summingMode

Enables camera summing mode.

DFNC Guru

Off

The camera will output 1 frame at a time.

Active

The camera will sum 2 or more frames and output the summed image

Summing Count (in frame)

summingCount

Specifies the number of frames to sum. Read-Write when summingMode is Active.

Possible values are: 2 to 8, in increments of 1.

DFNC Guru

Burst Mode

summingBurst

Enables camera summing burst mode. This mode effects the maximum frame rate (i.e. AcquistionFrameRate). Read-Write when summingMode is Active.

Active

When the camera is triggered (either internally or externally), it will generate a series (summingCount) of internal triggers at the maximum frame rate. For example, when the camera is set to a frame rate of 1 Hz in this mode, and the summingCount = 4, the camera will generate 4 triggers at the maximum frame rate every second.

Off

The camera to average the specified number of frames (summingCount) as it receives the internal or external frame triggers.

Median Filter

medianFilter

DFNC Guru

Active

Active: The camera will use 3x3 2D median filter

Off

The camera will not use 3x3 2D median filter

Median Filter Threshold

medianFilterThreshold

Specifies the median filter threshold. If the difference between the current pixel and median of its neighbor pixels is greater than this value, the current pixel will be replaced.

Possible values are 0 to 2048, in increments of 1.

DFNC Guru

64  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Display Name

Feature & Values

Description

Standard & View

LLDeviceID

A unique number assigned by the frame grabber to the camera.<RO>

Possible values are: 0 to 4294967295

DFNC Beginner

PortID

The logical number of the CLHS port used. A CLHS port is defined as a command channel and may include the video channel carried by a cable. <RO>

Possible values are: 0 to 4294967295

DFNC Beginner

Avail Ports

AvailPorts

Number of ports available on this device. <RO>

DFNC Beginner

Actual Device Config

ActualDeviceConfig

The current index of the device configuration. <RO>

DFNC Beginner

Next Device Config

NextDeviceConfig

The next configuration of the device to use on the next hot plug event.

Possible values are 1 or 2.

DFNC Beginner

Device Configurre Index

DeviceConfigureIndex

Index selector for the device configuration. Possible values are 1 or 2.

DFNC Beginner

Activate Hot Plug

ActivateHotPlug

Performs a Hot Plug event. This event will cause the camera to:

• disconnect from the frame grabber

• load the configuration specified by NextDeviceConfig if it

has changed since the last connection

• reconnect to the frame grabber.

DFNC Beginner

8b/10b ErrorCount

LinkErrorCount

Indicates the number of low level data errors on the connection between the camera and frame grabber. <RO>

Possible values are: 0 to 4294967295

DFNC Beginner

Refresh Features

RefreshFeatures

Refresh features on the CLHS Link Transport Layer page.

DFNC Beginner

Reset Link Error

ResetLinkError

Resets the Link Error Counter to 0.

DFNC Beginner

CameraLink HS Speed in Mbps

clDeviceClockFrequency

Indicates the Camera Link HS clock frequency. The CLHS clock runs at 3125 Mbits/second.

DFNC Beginner

CLHS Link Transport Layer Category

The camera‘s CLHS Link Transport Layer category groups parameters used to document and configure the Camera Link HS input and output of the camera.

Parameters in gray are read only, either always or due to another parameter being disabled. Parameters in black are user set in CamExpert or programmable via an imaging application.

Features listed in the description table but tagged as Invisible are usually for Teledyne DALSA Support or third party software usage—and are not typically required by end user applications.

Camera Link Transport Layer Feature Description

The following table describes the category‘s parameters along with their view attribute and minimum camera firmware version required. Additionally the table will indicate which parameter is a member of the DALSA Features Naming Convention (DFNC), GenICam Standard Features Naming Convention, or a custom camera feature.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  65

Display Name

Feature & Values

Description

Standard & View

File Selector

FileSelector

Selects the file to access. The file types which are accessible are device-dependent.

Guru

Firmware

Firmware1

Writing a new firmware here will update the camera.

User Flat Field 1 to

User Flat Field 3

FlatFieldCoefficients1 to FlatFieldCoefficienets3

A tiff containing the flat field correction coefficients (i.e. gain and offset)

Factory Global Flatfield

FlatFieldCoefficientsFact1

A tiff containing the factory flat field correction coefficients for global shutter operation (i.e. gain and offset)

Factory Rolling Flatfield

FlatFieldCoefficientsFact2

A tiff containing the factory flat field correction coefficients for rolling shutter operation (i.e. gain and offset)

Logs

Download camera logs. This is a zipped file

Factory Defect Map

FactoryDefectMap

Download camera defect map.

User Defect Map

UserDefectMap

File that allows user to test file transfer.

File Size

FileSize

Represents the size of the selected file in bytes.

Guru

File Open Mode

FileOpenMode

Selects the access mode used to open a file on the device.

Guru

Read

Select READ only open mode

Write

Select WRITE only open mode

File Operation Selector

FileOperationSelector

Selects the target operation for the selected file in the device. This operation is executed when the File Operation Execute feature is called.

Guru

Open

Select the Open operation - executed by FileOperationExecute.

Select the Close operation - executed by FileOperationExecute

Read

Select the Read operation - executed by FileOperationExecute.

Write

Select the Write operation - executed by FileOperationExecute.

Delete

Select the Delete operation - executed by FileOperationExecute.

File Operation Execute

FileOperationExecute

Executes the operation selected by File Operation Selector on the selected file.

Guru

File Access Offset

FileAccessOffset

Controls the mapping offset between the device file storage and the file access buffer.

Guru

File Access Length

FileAccessLength

Controls the mapping length between the device file storage and the file access buffer.

Guru File Operation Status

FileOperationStatus

Displays the file operation execution status. (RO)

Guru Success

Success

The last file operation has completed successfully.

File Access Control Category

The File Access control in CamExpert allows the user to quickly upload various data files to the connected camera. The supported data files are for camera firmware updates, Flat Field coefficients, debug files, logs, defect maps.

66  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Failure

The last file operation has completed unsuccessfully for an unknown reason.

File Unavailable

FileUnavailable

The last file operation has completed unsuccessfully because the file is currently unavailable.

File Invalid

FileInvalid

The last file operation has completed unsuccessfully because the selected file in not present in this camera model.

File Operation Result

FileOperationResult

Displays the file operation result. For Read or Write operations, the number of successfully read/written bytes is returned. (RO)

Guru

File Access Buffer

FileAccessBuffer

Defines the intermediate access buffer that allows the exchange of data between the device file storage and the application.

Guru

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  67

Appendix B: Camera, Frame Grabber Communication

Setting Up Communication between the Camera and the Frame Grabber

Teledyne DALSA Camera Link cameras support the GenCP Camera Link HS standards.

To configure Teledyne DALSA GenCP Camera Link HS Cameras:

1. Install the Teledyne DALSA frame grabber in the host computer; refer to the hardware installation

manual

2. Install Sapera LT and the Teledyne DALSA frame grabber driver.

3. Connect the camera to the frame grabber; refer to the camera installation manual.

4. Start the CamExpert application. In the Device tab, select either the camera or frame grabber to adjust

their parameters; currently, for GenCP cameras, the camera and frame grabber parameters must be adjusted separately.

5. Modify the camera and frame grabber parameter settings as required, and test the image acquisition by

clicking the Grab button.

6. Save the frame grabber configuration to a new *.ccf file.

68  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Appendix C: Cleaning the Sensor Window

Recommended Equipment

 Glass cleaning station with microscope within clean room.

 3M ionized air gun 980

(http://solutions.3mcanada.ca/wps/portal/3M/en_CA/WW2/Country/)

 Ionized air flood system, foot operated.

 Swab (HUBY-340CA-003)

(http://www.cleancross.net/modules/xfsection/article.php?articleid=24)

 Single drop bottle (FD-2-ESD)

 E2 (Eclipse optic cleaning system (www.photosol.com)

Procedure

 Use localized ionized air flow on to the glass during sensor cleaning.

 Blow off mobile contamination using an ionized air gun.

 Place the sensor under the microscope at a magnification of 5x to determine the location of

any remaining contamination.

 Clean the contamination on the sensor using one drop of E2 on a swab.

 Wipe the swab from left to right (or right to left but only in one direction). Do this in an

overlapping pattern, turning the swab after the first wipe and with each subsequent wipe. Avoid swiping back and forth with the same swab in order to ensure that particles are removed and not simply transferred to a new location on the sensor window. This procedure requires you to use multiple swabs.

 Discard the swab after both sides of the swab have been used once.

 Repeat until there is no visible contamination present.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  69

Appendix D: Internal Flat Field Calibration Algorithms

The camera provides the user with the ability to perform a custom flat field calibration. This appendix gives details of the calibration algorithms. All calibration is performed on averaged image data to reduce noise.

Dark Row Subtract

It is recommended that the Dark Row Subtract Algorithm is enabled during camera operation and calibration. The FPN coefficients are impacted by this setting and it is the user‘s responsibility to ensure that the coefficients in-use were calculated with the current setting of the Dark Row Subtract function.

The Dark Row Subtract Offset should be set to 50 DN when the Dark Row Subtract Algorithm is enabled. This adds a constant 50 DN to all pixel values after the Dark Row Subtract Algorithm, ensuring pixel values are not clipped to zero and FPN coefficients are calculated correctly.

The Dark Row Subtract Algorithm measures the dark rows of the image sensor and forms an average of the ADC offset per column. This average accounts for drift in the ADC value which is subtracted from pixels of the column and results in more stable images, but with a small penalty in read noise.

Offset (FPN) Calibration

Offset calibration is performed when the sensor is not exposed to light. The camera supports a 2-step FPN calibration algorithm. The first step measures the ADC offsets and photo site integration time dependent dark current. The 2nd step is performed with a small

amount of light (50 DN) on the sensor which helps to linearize the camera‘s response above this

light level. Many systems do not require the 2nd step of FPN calibration.

The offset values are calculated as follows when the first step of FPN calculation is performed:

 The camera averages several (see flatfieldCalibrationSampleSize) images (128 frames

recommended).

 The offset correction is calculated at each pixel in the dark. It has 2 components: FPN base and

FPN delta.

 FPN base is measured at minimal exposure time, and is simply the average value for each pixel

in the dark.

 FPN delta is measured at current exposure time, and is the average deviation from FPN base for

each pixel in the dark.

Gain (PRNU) Calibration

The flat field gain calibration is performed after the offset calibration, when the sensor is exposed to a flat light source. The gain on each pixel is adjusted to achieve a target value. There are two methods for selecting the correction target: PRNU Customer Target or PRNU Auto Color Gain.

70  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Target

ADC

Pixel

PRNUxy Multiplier

PRNU customer target allows the customer to enter the expected output value after PRNU calibration. For a monochrome camera a single value, % of full scale, is entered, while the color camera enables entry of 3 unique color target values.

Selecting PRNU Auto Color Gain enables the area of interest to be specified using the Auto Brightness, X, Y, Offset and Height, and Width values over which the average of each color is measured and the target set to 1.2 the average value. As a final step for the PRNU Auto Color Gain, the white balance gains are calculated and stored with the coefficient set.

For the monochrome cameras the process is as follows:

 The camera averages several (see flatfieldCalibrationSampleSize) images.

 For each pixel of the averaged image (256 frame average is recommended):

o Subtract the previously calibrated offset values (FPN), which is composed of FPN

base and normalized FPN delta

o Calculate the multiplication factor necessary to achieve the target value. The target

value is calculated using flatfieldCalibrationTarget.

Figure 20 Monochrome Flat Field Gain Calibration

o If the calculated gain is less than 1 then the pixel is marked as defective. A large

number of marked pixels may indicate a poorly chosen target or exposure setting.

 If the calculated pixel gain is not correctable (i.e. greater than 4), it will be clipped at 4.

 Once the gain values are calculated, the values are used to correct the image.

 During camera operation the FPN and PRNU defect threshold is programmable and results in

a different number of replaced pixels.

Color Camera Gain (PRNU) Calibration

The flat field gain calibration is performed after the offset calibration, when the sensor is exposed to a flat light source. The gain on each pixel is adjusted to achieve a user-entered per-color target value (flatfieldCorrectionAlgorithm = PRNU_Customer_Target) or 1.20 above the specific color‘s average (flatfieldCorrectionAlgorithm = PRNU_Auto_Gain). In PRNU_Auto_Gain, the gain required to match the output of the highest responding color is saved with the coefficient set and is shown by the gain register when selecting its color.

PRNU calculation algorithm PRNU_Customer_Target requires the user to enter per-color targets before commanding PRNU calculation. Setting all the color targets equal will result in the PRNU coefficients including the white balance gain. It is recommended that users enter values for each color about 20% higher than the color‘s average.

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  71

The PRNU_Auto_Gain algorithm is performed differently for color cameras and makes use of FPGA capabilities to measure the average of each color over a specified area of interest. The user interface uses the autoBrightnessROISelector / width / height / OffsetX / OffsetY to enter the parameters used to determine the region in which the imaging statistics are gathered. The correction coefficients are calculated over the entire image.

The process of PRNU calculation is

1) Set the camera to use an internal frame rate and integration time close to the final values.

2) Make the camera dark and perform FPN calculation. This is the same for the monochrome

cameras.

3) Add uniform white light so that the most responsive color and least responsive color are

equally above and below 55% of output level with FPN correction on and PRNU correction off, and with the color and system gains set to unity.

4) Set the region over which the averages are calculated (autoBrightnessROISelector / width /

height / OffsetX / OffsetY)

5) Command PRNU calculation.

The camera‘s micro code now commands the FPGA to capture the frame average statistic for each color using a single frame.

The micro then finds:

TargetRed = 1.2*AverageR, TargetBlue = 1.2*AverageB, TargetGreenBlue = 1.2*AverageGreenBlue (Green pixels in the blue row) TargetGreenRed = 1.2*AverageGreenRed (Green pixels in the red row)

The micro code then commands the FPGA to perform PRNU calculation.

Micro calculates the color gains and ensures they are stored with the coefficient set.

GainMaxColor = 1 (assume R for this example, as easier to write the description) GainGR = AvgR/AvgGR GainGB = AvgR/AvgGB GainB = AvgR/AvgB

User Interface Rules

autoBrightnessHeight is a minimum 4 rows, Minimum autoBrightnessWidth = 64 columns And the autoBrightnessOffsetX is a multiple of 32, autoBrightnessOffsetY is a multiple 2.

The minimum autoBrightnessOffsetY =2+ OffsetY (Avoid the first row of data) The maximum autoBrightnessHeight is such that the last 2 rows of the output data are omitted.

autoBrightnessHeight < Height -4

The autoBrightnessOffset, width and height are automatically pushed smaller with image ROIs but don‘t automatically increase.

If increasing the autoBrightnessOffsetY, it may be that the autoBrightnessHeight needs to first be reduced before the Y offset can be increased. Remember that the autoBrightnessOffsetY must be a multiple of 2 and if an odd number is entered then the value is rounded down, if it does not conflict with the rule autoBrightnessOffsetY> 2+OffsetY. If the requested offsetY can be increased, but not in its entirety due to the height limitation, then the entered value is automatically adjusted to achieve the maximum allowed without decreasing the autoBrightnessHeight.

72  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

autoBrightnessOffsetY = Trunc (CustomerEnteredStatisticOffsety/2) *2

Given that autoBrightnessOffsetY >=OffsetY +2 and autoBrightnessOffsetY <=Offsety+Hieght-2autoBrightnessHeight

autoBrightnessOffsetx = Trunc((CustomerEnteredStatisticOffsetx)/32)*32 +1 Width must first be reduced before the offsetx can be increased.

autoBrightnessOffsetx <= 10720- autoBrightnessWidth autoBrightnessWidth = Trunc(CustomerEnteredWidthx/32)*32>=64 <= 10720

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  73

Appendix E: FILE FORMAT

LUT file is downloaded / uploaded as shown in the following figure:

74  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Byte Offset

Name

Value/Note

Signature

"SAPERA_FFC "

Version

Header size

Base OffsetBits

Number of bits of FPN base component: 9

PRNU Gain Bits

Number of bits of PRNU gain

Aoi width

Width of area interest

Aoi height

Height of area interest

Aoi left

Left of area interest

Aoi top

Top of area interest

Sensor width

Width of sensor absolute region

Sensor height

Height of sensor absolute region

Sensor left

Left of sensor absolute region

Sensor top

Top of sensor absolute region

64 Reserved for other Teledyne Dalsa cameras

164

nCalTime

Measured exposure time when doing Delta FPN calibration

168

nBaseTime

Measured exposure time when doing BASE FPN calibration

FFC file format

FFC file is downloaded / uploaded as shown in the following figure:

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  75

172

ADCOffset

Used during FPN calibration

176

Sensor width

10752

180

nCoeffFileSize

Cofficient data size in bytes

184

spare

Reserved for future use

256 ~ …

FFC data

Each pixel has 4 bytes. Bit0~bit8 is FPN Base, Bit9~bit16 is FPN delta, Bit17~Bit31 is PRNU.

The file downloaded to PC is a raw image file, which combines each FPN base, FPN delta, and PRNU into a double word. Teledyne Dalsa provides a standalone command line application (FFC_Codec.exe) to decode this raw image into 3 readable .tif files.

The usage of FFC_Codec.exe is as follows:

decode Source File(Binary in camera) Target Files(FPN_Base (tif), Delta FPN(tif), PRNU FFC(tif))\n"); example: FFC_Codec.exe "decode" "FlatFieldCoefficients.tif" "fpn_base.tif" "fpn_delta.tif" "prnu.tif";

encode Source File Files(FPN_Base (tif), Delta FPN(tif), PRNU FFC(tif)) Target File(Binary in camera) example: FFC_Codec.exe "encode" "fpn_base.tif" "fpn_delta.tif" "prnu.tif" "encoded.tif"

Note that when running encode, target file must exist. This is used to extract FFC header

info. The initial target file is the FFC raw file downloaded from camera.

After decode the source binary file, one can use other image processing software to view

this target tiff file.

Camera Defect Map

The camera defect map file is a Cabernet Defect Map File is a text file that contains information on row, column, and cluster defects found during the camera test.

There are two copies of the file loaded into the camera: a factory version that the user has readonly access to, and a user version that can be overwritten.

The header section at the top of the file (see example below) contains the camera model number, serial number, date when it was tested / the defects were found, and the device firmware in the camera at the time.

The file reports all defects found under rolling shutter, followed by all defects found under global shutter.

The information recorded for each row defect is the top row of the defect, the bottom row of the defect, and the size (number of rows) of the defect. Most row defects are only a single row so the top and bottom row will be the same and the size will be one.

Column defects are reported the same way as row defects except the leftmost and rightmost defective columns are used instead of top and bottom rows for each defect.

For cluster defects the center X and Y coordinates of each defect are recorded along with the number of defective pixels.

For all measurements the top left pixel of the image is (0, 0).

76  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Defect Map File

Model Number: FA-S0-86M16-50-R Serial Number: 18014093 Defects found on 2016-02-23 Device Version: 255.137.660

Defects found under rolling shutter:

No row defects found.

No column defects found.

Cluster Defects: ( X, Y ), Area Cluster1: ( 523, 4335 ), 4 Cluster2: ( 379, 5332 ), 7 Cluster3: ( 3374, 6515 ), 7 Cluster4: ( 3776, 6636 ), 97

Defects found under global shutter:

No row defects found.

No column defects found.

Cluster Defects: ( X, Y ), Area Cluster1: ( 524, 4335 ), 6 Cluster2: ( 379, 5333 ), 9 Cluster3: ( 3374, 6515 ), 7 Cluster4: ( 3776, 6636 ), 98

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  77

Visit our web site:

www.teledynedalsa.com/mv

Email:

mailto:info@teledynedalsa.com

Canadian Sales

Teledyne DALSA — Head office 605 McMurray Road Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2V 2E9

Tel: 519 886 6000 Fax: 519 886 8023

Teledyne DALSA — Montreal office 880 Rue McCaffrey Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Canada, H4T 2C7

Tel: (514) 333-1301 Fax: (514) 333-1388

USA Sales

European Sales

Teledyne DALSA — Billerica office 700 Technology Park Drive Billerica, Ma. 01821

Tel: (978) 670-2000 Fax: (978) 670-2010

Teledyne DALSA GMBH Felix-Wankel-Str. 1 82152 Krailling, Germany

Tel: +49 – 89 89 – 54 57 3-80 Fax: +49 – 89 89 – 54 57 3-46

Asian Sales

Teledyne DALSA Asia Pacific Ikebukuro East 13F 3-4-3 Higashi Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Tel: +81 3 5960 6353 Fax: +81 3 5960 6354

Shanghai Industrial Investment Building Room G, 20F, 18 North Cao Xi Road, Shanghai, China 200030

Tel: +86-21-64279081 Fax: +86-21-64699430

Technical support form via our web page: Support requests for imaging product installations, Support requests for imaging applications

http://www.teledynedalsa.com/mv/support

Camera support information

Product literature and driver updates

Contact Information

Sales Information

Technical Support

Submit any support question or request via our web site:

78  Contents Falcon4 86M Cameras

Number

Change

Date

Initial release of preliminary version to support early consignment cameras

8 November 2016

 Fan mounting accessory (AC-MS-00117-00-R) listed  Performance specifications table revised  Cosmetic sensor specifications revised  Angle of Incidence graph added  Flash memory size values added  Thermal management section added  Gain and black level controls diagram revised  Opto-coupled outputs diagram revised  Correction function block diagram revised  Command listed revised to reflect current camera operation

19 April 2017

Revision History

Falcon4 86M Cameras Contents  79

Index

angular response

graph, 9

antiblooming, 6

camera interfacing tool, 21 Camera Link

input signals, 16 certifications, 10 compliance, 10 connectors

location, 15

power, 15, 16 cosmetic specifications, 7

I/O

control, 51 image acquisition, 30 Input / Output

control, 51 interface

mechanical, 5

LED

definitions, 17 line rate, 34

mean time between failures (MTBF), 7 mechanical

camera, 43

specifications, 5 models, 5 MTBF, 7

environmental specifications, 7 exposure

control, 30 external frame rate, programmable exposure

time, 33 externally controlled, 31 internally controlled, 31

exposure modes

descriptions of, 30

exposure time

set, 33

flash memory sizes, 9 frame rate

set, 34

grounding instructions, 15 GUI

overview, 19

humidity

storage and operation, 7

operating

ranges, 6

optocouplers, 34

performance specifications, 5 power

connector, 15 connectors, 16

random noise, 6 requirements

PC, 14

responsivity, 6

graph, 8

setup

overview, 14

software

required, 5

specifications

mechanical, 5 operating, 6

performance, 5 status LED sequence, 17 storage temperature, 7

80  Index

trigger modes, 33

visibility attribute, 23

Index  81

Teledyne Falcon4 86M, FA-S0-86M16-01-R, FA-S1-86M16-00-R User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual