Tektronix SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help User manual

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SignalVu

ector Signal Analysis Software

Help

*P077022516*

077-0225-16

SignalVu

ector Signal Analysis Software

Help

*P077022516*

077-0225-16

Table of Contents

Get Started..................................................................................................................................................................................17

Welcome.............................................................................................................................................................................. 17

Options.................................................................................................................................................................................17

Available product documentation.........................................................................................................................................17

Video tutorials...................................................................................................................................................................... 18

How to manage the 5GNR analysis license.........................................................................................................................18

Connecting Signals and Selecting the Analysis Channel.................................................................................................... 21

Front-panel controls............................................................................................................................................................. 21

Touch Screen Actions ......................................................................................................................................................... 21

Elements of the Display....................................................................................................................................................... 25

Restoring Default Settings................................................................................................................................................... 28

Presets.................................................................................................................................................................................28

Setting Options.................................................................................................................................................................... 36

Measurements............................................................................................................................................................................ 40

Selecting Displays................................................................................................................................................................40

Available Measurements......................................................................................................................................................41

General Signal Viewing...............................................................................................................................................................52

Overview.............................................................................................................................................................................. 52

Time Overview Display........................................................................................................................................................ 52

Time Overview Settings....................................................................................................................................................... 53

Navigator View.....................................................................................................................................................................54

Trace Tab............................................................................................................................................................................. 54

Spectrum Display.................................................................................................................................................................56

Spectrum Settings................................................................................................................................................................58

Scale Tab............................................................................................................................................................................. 58

Spectrogram Display............................................................................................................................................................59

Spectrogram Settings.......................................................................................................................................................... 62

Trace Tab............................................................................................................................................................................. 62

Amplitude Scale Tab............................................................................................................................................................ 63

Time & Freq Scale Tab.........................................................................................................................................................63

Amplitude Vs Time Display.................................................................................................................................................. 65

Amplitude Vs Time Settings.................................................................................................................................................66

Freq & BW Tab.....................................................................................................................................................................66

Frequency Vs Time Display................................................................................................................................................. 67

Frequency Vs Time Settings................................................................................................................................................68

Phase Vs Time Display........................................................................................................................................................69

Phase Vs Time Settings.......................................................................................................................................................70

RF I & Q vs Time Display.....................................................................................................................................................70

RF I & Q vs Time Settings....................................................................................................................................................71

Common Controls General Signal Viewing Shared Measurement Settings........................................................................ 72

Freq & BW Tab — Freq vsTime, Phase vs Time, RF I & Q vs Time Display....................................................................... 72

Freq & Span Tab.................................................................................................................................................................. 73

Traces Tab........................................................................................................................................................................... 74

Traces tab - Math Trace.......................................................................................................................................................77

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 5

Table of Contents

BW Tab................................................................................................................................................................................ 77

Scale T

ab............................................................................................................................................................................. 79

Prefs Tab..............................................................................................................................................................................79

Analog Modulation...................................................................................................................................................................... 84

Overview.............................................................................................................................................................................. 84

AM Display...........................................................................................................................................................................84

AM Settings..........................................................................................................................................................................85

Parameters Tab....................................................................................................................................................................86

Trace Tab............................................................................................................................................................................. 87

Scale Tab............................................................................................................................................................................. 89

Prefs Tab..............................................................................................................................................................................89

FM Display........................................................................................................................................................................... 90

FM Settings..........................................................................................................................................................................91

Parameters Tab....................................................................................................................................................................92

Trace Tab............................................................................................................................................................................. 93

Scale Tab............................................................................................................................................................................. 94

Prefs Tab..............................................................................................................................................................................95

PM Display...........................................................................................................................................................................95

PM Settings..........................................................................................................................................................................97

Parameters Tab....................................................................................................................................................................97

Trace Tab............................................................................................................................................................................. 98

Scale Tab........................................................................................................................................................................... 100

Prefs Tab............................................................................................................................................................................101

RF Measurements.....................................................................................................................................................................102

Overview............................................................................................................................................................................ 102

Channel Power and ACPR (Adjacent Channel Power Ratio) Display............................................................................... 102

RF Channel Power Measurement......................................................................................................................................104

Channel Power.................................................................................................................................................................. 104

Average Channel Power.................................................................................................................................................... 104

Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio........................................................................................................................... 104

Adjacent Channel Power................................................................................................................................................... 104

Channel Power and ACPR Settings.................................................................................................................................. 105

Channels Tab for ACPR.....................................................................................................................................................105

Signal Strength Display......................................................................................................................................................106

Signal Strength Settings.................................................................................................................................................... 108

Freq & RBW Tab for Signal Strength display..................................................................................................................... 108

Measurement Params Tab for Signal Strength display......................................................................................................109

Channels Tab for Signal Strength display.......................................................................................................................... 110

Scale Tab for Signal Strength display.................................................................................................................................110

Prefs Tab............................................................................................................................................................................ 111

MCPR (Multiple Carrier Power Ratio) Display....................................................................................................................111

Multiple Carrier Power Ratio.............................................................................................................................................. 115

MCPR Settings...................................................................................................................................................................115

Freq & RBW Tab for ACPR and MCPR Displays............................................................................................................... 116

Measurement Params for ACPR and MCPR Displays.......................................................................................................116

Channels Tab for MCPR.....................................................................................................................................................119

Occupied BW & x dB BW Display......................................................................................................................................121

Occupied Bandwidth.......................................................................................................................................................... 123

Occupied BW & x dB BW Settings.....................................................................................................................................123

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 6

Table of Contents

Parameters Tab..................................................................................................................................................................123

Spurious display

.................................................................................................................................................................124

Spurious display settings................................................................................................................................................... 128

Parameters Tab..................................................................................................................................................................129

Reference Tab....................................................................................................................................................................129

Ranges and Limits Tab...................................................................................................................................................... 131

CCDF Display.................................................................................................................................................................... 134

CCDF Settings................................................................................................................................................................... 135

Scale Tab........................................................................................................................................................................... 136

Parameters Tab..................................................................................................................................................................136

Settling Time Measurement Overview............................................................................................................................... 137

Settling Time Displays........................................................................................................................................................142

Settling Time Settings........................................................................................................................................................ 148

Common Controls Settling Time Displays Shared Measurement Settings........................................................................149

Define Tab for Settling Time Displays................................................................................................................................ 149

Time Params Tab for Settling Time Displays..................................................................................................................... 150

Mask Tab for Settling Time Displays..................................................................................................................................151

Trace Tab for Settling Time Displays..................................................................................................................................152

Scale Tab for Settling Time Displays..................................................................................................................................153

Prefs Tab for Settling Time Displays.................................................................................................................................. 154

SEM Display...................................................................................................................................................................... 154

Spectrum Emission Mask Settings.................................................................................................................................... 157

Parameters Tab - SEM.......................................................................................................................................................158

Processing Tab - SEM....................................................................................................................................................... 159

Ref Channel Tab................................................................................................................................................................ 159

Offsets & Limits Table Tab - SEM.......................................................................................................................................160

Scale Tab - SEM................................................................................................................................................................ 162

Prefs Tab - SEM.................................................................................................................................................................162

Common Controls RF Measurements Shared Measurement Settings..............................................................................163

Freq & RBW Tab................................................................................................................................................................ 163

Traces Tab......................................................................................................................................................................... 164

Scale Tab........................................................................................................................................................................... 167

Prefs Tab............................................................................................................................................................................167

WLAN Measurements............................................................................................................................................................... 169

WLAN Measurements Overview........................................................................................................................................169

WLAN Channel Response Display.................................................................................................................................... 171

WLAN Channel Response Settings................................................................................................................................... 172

WLAN Constellation Display.............................................................................................................................................. 173

WLAN Constellation Settings.............................................................................................................................................174

WLAN EVM Display........................................................................................................................................................... 174

WLAN EVM Settings..........................................................................................................................................................175

WLAN Magnitude Error Display......................................................................................................................................... 176

WLAN Magnitude Error Settings........................................................................................................................................177

WLAN Phase Error Display................................................................................................................................................178

WLAN Phase Error Settings.............................................................................................................................................. 179

WLAN Power vs Time Display........................................................................................................................................... 180

WLAN Power vs Time Settings..........................................................................................................................................181

WLAN Spectral Flatness Display....................................................................................................................................... 182

WLAN Spectral Flatness Settings......................................................................................................................................183

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 7

Table of Contents

WLAN Summary Display................................................................................................................................................... 184

WLAN Summary Settings

.................................................................................................................................................. 187

WLAN Symbol Table Display............................................................................................................................................. 188

WLAN Symbol Table Settings............................................................................................................................................ 190

WLAN Analysis Shared Measurement Settings.................................................................................................................190

Modulation Params Tab - WLAN........................................................................................................................................191

Analysis Params Tab - WLAN............................................................................................................................................192

Data Range Tab - WLAN................................................................................................................................................... 193

Analysis Time Tab - WLAN................................................................................................................................................ 194

Trace Tab - WLAN..............................................................................................................................................................195

Traces Tab - WLAN Channel Response............................................................................................................................ 195

Scale Tab - WLAN..............................................................................................................................................................196

EVM Tab - WLAN...............................................................................................................................................................197

Prefs Tab - WLAN.............................................................................................................................................................. 198

802.11ad and 802.11ay Analysis...............................................................................................................................................199

Overview of 802.11ad and 802.11ay..................................................................................................................................199

802.11ad/11ay Constellation Display................................................................................................................................. 204

802.11ad/11ay EVM vs Time............................................................................................................................................. 207

802.11ad/11ay Symbol Table Display................................................................................................................................ 209

802.11ad/11ay Summary Display.......................................................................................................................................211

802.11ad/11ay Control Panel Settings...............................................................................................................................214

Modulation Params tab – 802.11ad/11ay...........................................................................................................................215

Analysis Params tab – 802.11ad/11ay...............................................................................................................................215

Advanced Params tab – 802.11ad/11ay............................................................................................................................ 216

Analysis Time tab – 802.11ad/11ay................................................................................................................................... 217

EVM tab – 802.11ad/11ay..................................................................................................................................................218

Scale tab – 802.11ad/11ay.................................................................................................................................................220

Prefs tab – 802.11ad/11ay................................................................................................................................................. 221

Traces tab – 802.11ad/11ay...............................................................................................................................................222

Limits tab – 802.11ad/11ay................................................................................................................................................ 222

OFDM Analysis......................................................................................................................................................................... 224

OFDM Analysis Overview.................................................................................................................................................. 224

OFDM Channel Response Display.................................................................................................................................... 224

OFDM Channel Response Settings...................................................................................................................................226

OFDM Constellation Display..............................................................................................................................................226

OFDM Constellation Settings.............................................................................................................................................227

OFDM EVM Display...........................................................................................................................................................228

OFDM EVM Settings..........................................................................................................................................................229

OFDM Spectral Flatness Display.......................................................................................................................................229

OFDM Spectral Flatness Settings......................................................................................................................................230

OFDM Magnitude Error Display.........................................................................................................................................231

OFDM Magnitude Error Settings........................................................................................................................................231

OFDM Phase Error Display............................................................................................................................................... 232

OFDM Phase Error Settings.............................................................................................................................................. 233

OFDM Power Display........................................................................................................................................................ 233

OFDM Power Settings....................................................................................................................................................... 234

OFDM Summary Display................................................................................................................................................... 235

OFDM Summary Settings.................................................................................................................................................. 236

OFDM Symbol Table Display............................................................................................................................................. 236

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 8

Table of Contents

OFDM Symbol Table Settings............................................................................................................................................237

OFDM Analysis Shared Measurement Settings

.................................................................................................................237

Modulation Params Tab - OFDM....................................................................................................................................... 238

Advanced Params Tab - OFDM......................................................................................................................................... 238

Data Range Tab - OFDM................................................................................................................................................... 239

Analysis Time Tab - OFDM................................................................................................................................................ 240

Trace Tab - OFDM............................................................................................................................................................. 241

Scale Tab - OFDM............................................................................................................................................................. 242

Prefs Tab - OFDM.............................................................................................................................................................. 243

Pulsed RF................................................................................................................................................................................. 245

Pulsed RF Overview.......................................................................................................................................................... 245

Cumulative Histogram Display...........................................................................................................................................247

Cumulative Histogram display settings.............................................................................................................................. 249

Cumulative Statistics Table display....................................................................................................................................250

Cumulative Statistics Table display settings...................................................................................................................... 253

Pulse-Ogram display..........................................................................................................................................................253

Pulse-Ogram display settings............................................................................................................................................ 254

Pulse Table display............................................................................................................................................................ 254

Pulse Table display settings...............................................................................................................................................255

Pulse Trace display............................................................................................................................................................256

Pulse Trace display settings.............................................................................................................................................. 257

Pulse Statistics display...................................................................................................................................................... 258

Pulse Statistics settings..................................................................................................................................................... 260

Pulsed RF Measurement Settings..................................................................................................................................... 261

Measurements Tab............................................................................................................................................................ 262

Params Tab........................................................................................................................................................................262

Define Tab..........................................................................................................................................................................264

Levels Tab..........................................................................................................................................................................267

Freq Estimation Tab........................................................................................................................................................... 268

Analysis Tab.......................................................................................................................................................................269

Traces Tab......................................................................................................................................................................... 270

Scale Tab........................................................................................................................................................................... 271

Prefs Tab............................................................................................................................................................................273

APCO P25 Analysis.................................................................................................................................................................. 276

P25 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................................276

P25 Constellation Display.................................................................................................................................................. 286

P25 Constellation Settings.................................................................................................................................................288

P25 Eye Diagram Display.................................................................................................................................................. 289

P25 Eye Diagram Settings.................................................................................................................................................291

P25 Power vs Time Display............................................................................................................................................... 291

P25 Power vs Time Settings..............................................................................................................................................293

P25 Summary Display....................................................................................................................................................... 293

P25 Summary Settings...................................................................................................................................................... 296

P25 Symbol Table Display................................................................................................................................................. 296

P25 Symbol Table Settings................................................................................................................................................ 298

P25 Frequency Dev vs Time Display.................................................................................................................................299

P25 Frequency Dev Vs Time Settings............................................................................................................................... 301

P25 Analysis Shared Measurement Settings.....................................................................................................................301

Modulation Params Tab - P25............................................................................................................................................302

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 9

Table of Contents

Analysis Params Tab - P25................................................................................................................................................304

Analysis T

ime Tab - P25.................................................................................................................................................... 304

Test Patterns Tab - P25......................................................................................................................................................305

Trace Tab - P25..................................................................................................................................................................306

Scale Tab - P25..................................................................................................................................................................307

Trig MeasTab - P25............................................................................................................................................................308

Prefs Tab - P25.................................................................................................................................................................. 308

Limits Tab - P25................................................................................................................................................................. 309

LTE Analysis..............................................................................................................................................................................311

LTE Overview.....................................................................................................................................................................311

LTE ACLR display.......................................................................................................................................................323

LTE ACLR Settings.....................................................................................................................................................325

LTE Channel Spectrum display...................................................................................................................................326

LTE Channel Spectrum Settings.................................................................................................................................328

LTE Constellation display............................................................................................................................................328

LTE Constellation Settings..........................................................................................................................................329

LTE Power vs Time display.........................................................................................................................................330

LTE Power vs Time Settings.......................................................................................................................................331

LTE Analysis Measurement Settings..........................................................................................................................332

Channels tab - LTE.....................................................................................................................................................333

Parameters tab - LTE..................................................................................................................................................334

Processing tab - LTE...................................................................................................................................................335

Offsets and Limits Table tab - LTE..............................................................................................................................336

Scale tab - LTE........................................................................................................................................................... 338

Prefs tab - LTE............................................................................................................................................................340

Freq and RBW tab - LTE.............................................................................................................................................341

Measurement Params tab - LTE.................................................................................................................................342

Modulation Params tab - LTE..................................................................................................................................... 342

Analysis Params tab - LTE..........................................................................................................................................343

Analysis Time tab - LTE.............................................................................................................................................. 344

Trace tab - LTE........................................................................................................................................................... 345

Limit tab - LTE.............................................................................................................................................................345

5GNR Analysis..........................................................................................................................................................................347

Overview............................................................................................................................................................................ 347

Supported 5GNR Measurements.......................................................................................................................................348

5GNR Standards Preset Test Setups................................................................................................................................ 348

5GNR Displays.................................................................................................................................................................. 356

5GNR Status Messages.................................................................................................................................................... 356

NR Adjacent Channel Power Display................................................................................................................................ 357

NR Adjacent Channel Power Display Settings...................................................................................................................359

NR Channel Power Display............................................................................................................................................... 359

NR Channel Power Display Settings................................................................................................................................. 360

NR Constellation Display................................................................................................................................................... 361

NR Constellation Display Settings..................................................................................................................................... 362

NR Spectral Emission Mask display.................................................................................................................................. 362

NR Spectral Emission Mask Display Settings....................................................................................................................364

NR Occupied Bandwidth Display ...................................................................................................................................... 364

NR Occupied Bandwidth Display Settings ........................................................................................................................ 365

NR EVM Display ............................................................................................................................................................... 366

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 10

Table of Contents

NR EVM Settings .............................................................................................................................................................. 368

NR Power vs T

ime Display ............................................................................................................................................... 368

NR Power vs Time Settings .............................................................................................................................................. 369

NR Summary Display.........................................................................................................................................................370

NR Summary Display Settings...........................................................................................................................................374

NR Analysis Measurement Settings.................................................................................................................................. 375

ACP Tab ............................................................................................................................................................................376

Signal Configuration Tab....................................................................................................................................................376

Subblock Configuration Tab............................................................................................................................................... 377

Carrier Configuration Tab...................................................................................................................................................379

Physical Uplink Shared Channel for Component Carrier 1 Window...........................................................................381

Physical Downlink Shared Channel for Component Carrier 1 Window...................................................................... 385

Averaging Tab.................................................................................................................................................................... 388

Prefs Tab............................................................................................................................................................................389

OBW Tab............................................................................................................................................................................390

PVT Tab............................................................................................................................................................................. 391

CHP Tab.............................................................................................................................................................................392

SEM Tab............................................................................................................................................................................ 393

Modulation Accuracy Tab...................................................................................................................................................394

Estimation Tab................................................................................................................................................................... 396

Traces Tab......................................................................................................................................................................... 396

Bluetooth Analysis.....................................................................................................................................................................398

Overview............................................................................................................................................................................ 398

Bluetooth Constellation display..........................................................................................................................................407

BT Constellation Settings...................................................................................................................................................409

Bluetooth Eye Diagram display..........................................................................................................................................409

BT Eye Diagram Settings...................................................................................................................................................411

Bluetooth Carrier Frequency Offset and Drift display.........................................................................................................412

BT CF Offset and Drift Settings..........................................................................................................................................414

Bluetooth Summary display............................................................................................................................................... 414

BT Summary Settings........................................................................................................................................................ 418

Bluetooth Symbol Table display......................................................................................................................................... 419

BT Symbol Table Settings..................................................................................................................................................422

Bluetooth Frequency Dev vs Time display.........................................................................................................................423

BT Frequency Dev Vs Time Settings.................................................................................................................................425

Bluetooth 20dB Bandwidth display.................................................................................................................................... 426

BT 20dB BW settings.........................................................................................................................................................428

Bluetooth InBand Emission display....................................................................................................................................428

Bluetooth Analysis Measurement Settings........................................................................................................................ 430

Standard Params tab - BT................................................................................................................................................. 431

Analysis Params tab - Bluetooth........................................................................................................................................433

Analysis Time tab - Bluetooth............................................................................................................................................ 433

Limits tab - Bluetooth......................................................................................................................................................... 434

Scale tab - Bluetooth..........................................................................................................................................................435

Traces tab - Bluetooth........................................................................................................................................................437

Prefs tab - Bluetooth.......................................................................................................................................................... 438

Parameters tab - Bluetooth................................................................................................................................................ 439

Freq & RBW tab - Bluetooth.............................................................................................................................................. 441

Measurement Params tab - Bluetooth............................................................................................................................... 441

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 11

Table of Contents

Audio Analysis and Demodulation............................................................................................................................................ 442

Overview

............................................................................................................................................................................ 442

Audio Spectrum Display.....................................................................................................................................................442

Audio Spectrum Settings................................................................................................................................................... 443

Audio Summary Display.....................................................................................................................................................444

Audio Summary Settings................................................................................................................................................... 445

Audio Analysis Measurement Settings.............................................................................................................................. 445

Params1 Tab......................................................................................................................................................................446

Params2 Tab......................................................................................................................................................................447

Audio Filters Tab................................................................................................................................................................ 448

Scale Tab........................................................................................................................................................................... 451

Hum & Noise Tab............................................................................................................................................................... 451

Prefs Tab............................................................................................................................................................................452

GP Digital Modulation............................................................................................................................................................... 454

Overview............................................................................................................................................................................ 454

Constellation Display......................................................................................................................................................... 455

Constellation Settings........................................................................................................................................................ 456

Demod I & Q vs Time Display............................................................................................................................................456

Demod I & Q vs Time Settings...........................................................................................................................................458

EVM vs Time Display.........................................................................................................................................................459

EVM vs Time Settings........................................................................................................................................................459

Eye Diagram Display......................................................................................................................................................... 460

Eye Diagram Settings........................................................................................................................................................ 462

Frequency Deviation vs Time Display................................................................................................................................462

Frequency Deviation vs Time Settings...............................................................................................................................464

Magnitude Error vs Time Display.......................................................................................................................................464

Magnitude Error vs Time Settings......................................................................................................................................465

Phase Error vs Time Display..............................................................................................................................................466

Phase Error vs. Time Settings........................................................................................................................................... 467

Signal Quality Display........................................................................................................................................................ 468

Signal Quality Settings.......................................................................................................................................................472

Symbol Table Display.........................................................................................................................................................473

Symbol Table Settings....................................................................................................................................................... 473

Trellis Diagram Display...................................................................................................................................................... 474

Trellis Diagram Settings.....................................................................................................................................................475

GP Digital Modulation Shared Measurement Settings.......................................................................................................476

Standard Settings Button................................................................................................................................................... 477

Modulation Params Tab..................................................................................................................................................... 477

Freq & BW Tab...................................................................................................................................................................482

Equalizer Tab..................................................................................................................................................................... 483

Advanced Params Tab.......................................................................................................................................................484

Find Tab............................................................................................................................................................................. 487

Analysis Time Tab..............................................................................................................................................................488

Trace Tab........................................................................................................................................................................... 489

Scale Tab........................................................................................................................................................................... 491

Prefs Tab............................................................................................................................................................................492

Symbol Maps..................................................................................................................................................................... 493

Overview: User Defined Measurement and Reference Filters...........................................................................................498

User Filter File Format....................................................................................................................................................... 498

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 12

Table of Contents

Marker Measurements.............................................................................................................................................................. 501

Using Markers

....................................................................................................................................................................501

Controlling Markers with the Touchscreen Actions Menu.................................................................................................. 501

Controlling Markers with the Right-Click Actions Menu..................................................................................................... 502

Measuring Frequency and Power in the Spectrum Display............................................................................................... 503

Marker Action Controls...................................................................................................................................................... 504

Peak...................................................................................................................................................................................504

Next Peak.......................................................................................................................................................................... 504

Marker to Center Frequency.............................................................................................................................................. 505

Sync Scope C1/C2 to Active Marker..................................................................................................................................505

Enabling Markers and Setting Marker Properties.............................................................................................................. 505

Using the Markers Toolbar................................................................................................................................................. 505

Measuring Noise Using Delta Markers in the Spectrum Display........................................................................................506

Mask Testing............................................................................................................................................................................. 509

The Mask Test Tool............................................................................................................................................................ 509

Mask Test Settings.............................................................................................................................................................509

Define Tab (Mask Test)...................................................................................................................................................... 509

Actions Tab........................................................................................................................................................................ 514

Analyzing Data.......................................................................................................................................................................... 516

Analysis Settings................................................................................................................................................................516

Analysis Time Tab..............................................................................................................................................................516

Spectrum Time Tab............................................................................................................................................................517

Frequency Tab................................................................................................................................................................... 518

Units Tab............................................................................................................................................................................ 520

Replay Overview................................................................................................................................................................520

Replay Menu......................................................................................................................................................................522

Acq Data............................................................................................................................................................................ 523

Replay All Selected Records............................................................................................................................................. 523

Replay Current Record...................................................................................................................................................... 523

Replay from Selected.........................................................................................................................................................523

Pause.................................................................................................................................................................................523

Stop....................................................................................................................................................................................523

Select All............................................................................................................................................................................ 523

Select Records from History.............................................................................................................................................. 523

Replay Toolbar................................................................................................................................................................... 523

Amplitude Corrections...............................................................................................................................................................525

Amplitude Settings............................................................................................................................................................. 525

External Gain/Loss Correction Tab.................................................................................................................................... 525

Controlling the Acquisition of Data............................................................................................................................................ 528

Run.................................................................................................................................................................................... 528

Resume..............................................................................................................................................................................528

Abort.................................................................................................................................................................................. 528

Acquire...............................................................................................................................................................................528

Vertical............................................................................................................................................................................... 529

IQ Sampling Parameters....................................................................................................................................................530

Scope Settings...................................................................................................................................................................531

Scope Data tab.................................................................................................................................................................. 532

Acquisition Data................................................................................................................................................................. 533

GNSS and Antenna Features................................................................................................................................................... 534

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 13

Table of Contents

How to set up GNSS..........................................................................................................................................................534

How to use the Antenna feature

........................................................................................................................................ 536

How to use Map It.............................................................................................................................................................. 541

Signal Database and Channel Navigation................................................................................................................................ 544

How to use the Signal Database........................................................................................................................................544

Channel Navigation toolbar................................................................................................................................................546

Managing Data, Settings, and Pictures.....................................................................................................................................549

Saving and Recalling Data, Settings, and Pictures............................................................................................................549

Data, Settings, and Picture File Formats........................................................................................................................... 556

Printing Screen Shots........................................................................................................................................................ 560

Reference..................................................................................................................................................................................561

Application Help................................................................................................................................................................. 561

How to install product software.......................................................................................................................................... 561

Main menu overview.......................................................................................................................................................... 562

File Menu........................................................................................................................................................................... 562

Recall................................................................................................................................................................................. 563

Save / Save As.................................................................................................................................................................. 563

Measurement Data Info..................................................................................................................................................... 564

Scope Data........................................................................................................................................................................ 565

Print....................................................................................................................................................................................565

Print Preview......................................................................................................................................................................565

View Menu......................................................................................................................................................................... 565

Full Screen.........................................................................................................................................................................567

Status Bar.......................................................................................................................................................................... 567

Run Menu.......................................................................................................................................................................... 568

Replay Menu......................................................................................................................................................................569

Markers Menu.................................................................................................................................................................... 569

Setup Menu........................................................................................................................................................................569

Presets Menu.....................................................................................................................................................................570

Tools Menu.........................................................................................................................................................................570

Window menu.................................................................................................................................................................... 570

Help Menu..........................................................................................................................................................................571

PI Command Search tool...................................................................................................................................................571

Favorites bar menus.......................................................................................................................................................... 571

Error and Information Messages........................................................................................................................................572

Dealing with Sluggish Instrument Operation......................................................................................................................578

Displaying the Windows Event Viewer...............................................................................................................................578

How to Find Out if Software Upgrades are Available.........................................................................................................579

Settings.............................................................................................................................................................................. 579

Glossary.................................................................................................................................................................................... 582

Accuracy............................................................................................................................................................................ 582

ACLR................................................................................................................................................................................. 582

ACPR Measurement.......................................................................................................................................................... 582

Acquisition..........................................................................................................................................................................582

Analysis Length..................................................................................................................................................................582

Analysis Time.....................................................................................................................................................................582

ASK....................................................................................................................................................................................582

Block.................................................................................................................................................................................. 582

Calibrator........................................................................................................................................................................... 582

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 14

Table of Contents

Carrier................................................................................................................................................................................ 582

Carrier Frequency

.............................................................................................................................................................. 582

Carrier Signal..................................................................................................................................................................... 583

Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (C/N)...............................................................................................................................................583

CCDF - Complimentary Cumulative Distribution Function.................................................................................................583

CDMA................................................................................................................................................................................ 583

Center Frequency.............................................................................................................................................................. 583

Check Mark Indicator......................................................................................................................................................... 583

CISPR................................................................................................................................................................................ 583

CW..................................................................................................................................................................................... 583

CW Signal.......................................................................................................................................................................... 583

DANL................................................................................................................................................................................. 583

dBfs....................................................................................................................................................................................584

dBm....................................................................................................................................................................................584

dBmV................................................................................................................................................................................. 584

dBuV.................................................................................................................................................................................. 584

Decibel............................................................................................................................................................................... 584

Detection............................................................................................................................................................................584

Display Reference Level.................................................................................................................................................... 584

Distortion............................................................................................................................................................................584

Dynamic Range................................................................................................................................................................. 584

EVM................................................................................................................................................................................... 584

Export.................................................................................................................................................................................584

FastFrame..........................................................................................................................................................................584

FFT.................................................................................................................................................................................... 585

Filter................................................................................................................................................................................... 585

FM......................................................................................................................................................................................585

Frame.................................................................................................................................................................................585

Frequency.......................................................................................................................................................................... 585

Frequency Band.................................................................................................................................................................585

Frequency Domain View....................................................................................................................................................585

Frequency Drift.................................................................................................................................................................. 585

Frequency Range.............................................................................................................................................................. 585

Frequency Span.................................................................................................................................................................585

Frequency Settling Time.................................................................................................................................................... 585

GPIB.................................................................................................................................................................................. 585

Graticule.............................................................................................................................................................................586

Grayed Out........................................................................................................................................................................ 586

I/Q...................................................................................................................................................................................... 586

IF........................................................................................................................................................................................586

Import.................................................................................................................................................................................586

Impulse Response............................................................................................................................................................. 586

Input Impedance................................................................................................................................................................ 586

LISN................................................................................................................................................................................... 586

Local Oscillator (LO).......................................................................................................................................................... 586

Marker................................................................................................................................................................................586

Max Hold............................................................................................................................................................................586

MCPR (Multiple Carrier Power Ratio)................................................................................................................................ 586

Min Hold.............................................................................................................................................................................587

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 15

Table of Contents

Modulate............................................................................................................................................................................ 587

Modulating Signal

.............................................................................................................................................................. 587

Modulation......................................................................................................................................................................... 587

Noise..................................................................................................................................................................................587

Noise Bandwidth (NBW).................................................................................................................................................... 587

Noise Floor.........................................................................................................................................................................587

Open (Recall).....................................................................................................................................................................587

OQPSK.............................................................................................................................................................................. 587

Phase Settling Time...........................................................................................................................................................587

PM......................................................................................................................................................................................587

Primary Marker.................................................................................................................................................................. 587

PSK....................................................................................................................................................................................588

QAM...................................................................................................................................................................................588

Real-Time Analysis............................................................................................................................................................ 588

Real-Time Bandwidth.........................................................................................................................................................588

Real-Time Seamless Capture............................................................................................................................................588

Reference Level.................................................................................................................................................................588

Residual FM (Incidental FM)..............................................................................................................................................588

Residual Response............................................................................................................................................................588

RBW...................................................................................................................................................................................588

Ripple.................................................................................................................................................................................588

Secondary Marker..............................................................................................................................................................589

Sensitivity...........................................................................................................................................................................589

Shape Factor (Skirt Selectivity)..........................................................................................................................................589

Signal................................................................................................................................................................................. 589

Span...................................................................................................................................................................................589

Span Per Division (Span/Div)............................................................................................................................................ 589

Spectrogram...................................................................................................................................................................... 589

Spectrum............................................................................................................................................................................589

Spectrum Analysis............................................................................................................................................................. 590

Spectrum Analyzer.............................................................................................................................................................590

Spectrum Time...................................................................................................................................................................590

Spur/Spot........................................................................................................................................................................... 590

Index......................................................................................................................................................................................... 591

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 16

Get Started

Welcome

This Help provides in-depth information on how to use the SignalVu™ Vector Signal Analysis Software.

Using the signal analysis engine of the RSA5100 and RSA6100 Series real-time signal analyzer, this vector signal analysis software helps you move your analysis of acquisitions off the instrument.

Note: Some of the screen illustrations in this document are taken from the vector signal analysis software version that runs on the RSA5100 Series Real-time Signal Analyzers. These instruments support additional hardware-based functionality and buttons that are not present in the SignalV

Options

o view a listing of the optional application licenses (options) installed in your application, select Help > About Tektronix Real Time

Signal Analyzer.

Application licenses can be added to your software. For the latest information on available licenses, see the Tektronix Web site.

Available product documentation

u™ or SignalVu-PC application.

In addition to this Help, the following documents are available. For the most up to date documentation, visit the Tektronix Web site

www.tektronix.com/manuals.

Product documents

• SignalVu Reference (Tektronix part number 077-0224-XX). This document provides a brief overview of the SignalVu software. It identifies elements of the SignalVu screen, elements of different displays and includes a menu tree. The ReferenceManual is provided as a printable PDF file.

• SignalVu Programmer Manual (077-0223-XX). This document provides supplementary information about the remote commands for the SignalVu software. The Programmer Manual is provided as a printable PDF file. For detailed descriptions of the remote commands, see the RSA6100 Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers, RSA5100 Series Real-Time Signal Analyzers Programmer Manual and the MSO/DPO5000/B, DPO7000/C, DPO70000/B/C/D/DX/SX, DSA70000/B/C/D, and MSO70000/C/DX Series Digital Oscilloscopes Programmer Manual.

• SignalVu Printable Help Document (077-0225-XX). A PDF file version of this Help can easily be printed.

The most recent versions of the product documentation, in PDF format, can be downloaded from www.Tek.com/manuals. You can find the manuals by searching on the product name and selecting the Manuals filter.

Available demonstration guide and handbook

Available for download on www.Tek.com.

• 5GNR

There are two documents, 5G New Radio Demonstration Guide and 5GNR AWG Handbook.

In the 5G New Radio Demonstration guide, you will learn how to analyze Uplink and Downlink frames of 5G signal using the 5GNR analysis plugin installed on SignalVu analysis software.

In the 5GNR AWG handbook, you will learn how to create 5GNR waveforms in uplink or downlink directions, single or multiple carriers at the desired center frequency.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 17

Get Started

Video tutorials

ou can browse the Tektronix YouTube channel (www.youtube.com/user/tektronix) to find video tutorials about various topics related to

Y your product. You can also subscribe to the Tektronix YouTube channel to keep up with new postings.

Searching for topics

For example, you can watch a video tutorial about performing basic EMI testing with a spectrum analyzer, or how to use WLAN presets and connect to an MDO4000C oscilloscope. To find a video on a topic, do the following. The following image shows you what the Tektronix YouTube Channel looks like.

1. Click on the search icon located just above the video you see when the page first loads.

Note: This icon allows you to search the T

page allows you to search all of YouTube.

2. T

ype in the key phrase you are looking for in the search field. For example, “WLAN”.

3. Click the search icon to start the search.

4. Videos related to the topic will appear. Click a video to view it.

ektronix YouTube channel specifically. The search icon located at the top of the

How to manage the 5GNR analysis license

After installing the SignalVu 5GNR Analysis plugin, it needs to be activated on that instrument/PC/laptop. The activation requires an activation code which is 20 digit alphanumeric characters separated by a hyphen between every four characters. The following topics give procedure to activate or deactivate the 5GNR Analysis.

5GNR Analysis activation

1. Start the SignalVu application.

2. On the Tools menu, click Manage 5GNR Analysis Activation…. The Manage 5GNR Analysis Activation dialog box appears.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 18

Get Started

3. If you do not have the activation code, under Activation, click Copy, and then close the Manage 5GNR Analysis Activation dialog box.

Note: Share the Computer ID and API V activation code generated for this system.

4. If you have the activation code, under Activation, in the Activation code box, enter the activation code that you received from T

ektronix, and then click the Activate.

5. If you receive the “5GNR Analysis activation failed. Please enter a valid activation code.” message, click OK, and then contact your local T

ektronix support or Account Manager to get the correct activation code.

ersion that you have copied with your local Tektronix account manager to get the

6. If you receive the “5GNR Analysis activation successful” message, click OK.

7. Close the Manage 5GNR Analysis Activation dialog box and restart the

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 19

SignalVu application.

5GNR Analysis de-activation

Get Started

1. Start the SignalV

2. On the Tools menu, click Manage 5GNR Analysis Activation…. The Manage 5GNR Analysis Activation dialog box appears.

3. Under Deactivation, click Deactivate 5GNR Analysis.

u application.

4. Click OK and continue with 5GNR Analysis de-activation.

5. If you receive the “5GNR Analysis deactivation successful” message, click OK, and then restart the

SignalVu application.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 20

Get Started

Connecting Signals and Selecting the Analysis Channel

SignalVu analyzes signals acquired by the oscilloscope. The SignalVu software analyzes one, two, or four signals at a time, so you need to specify which oscilloscope input channels to use. Math and Ref channels can also be selected.

To specify which oscilloscope channel is analyzed:

1. Select Settings > Acquire to display the Acquire control panel.

2. Select the desired signal type from the Signal Input drop-down list along the left side of the control panel. Available choices are RF (uses one oscilloscope channel), IQ (uses two channels), and Diff IQ (uses four channels).

3. Use the Source drop-down list from the Vertical tab to select the channels to analyze.

4. Use the oscilloscope controls in the TekScope application to achieve a stable, triggered signal.

For information on the oscilloscope input signal capabilities and how to trigger on a signal, see the oscilloscope's Help. Note that SignalVu does not control triggering on the oscilloscope; you will need to use the oscilloscope triggering functions to achieve a stable, triggered signal on the oscilloscope.

Front-panel controls

The front-panel controls remain dedicated to oscilloscope control functions when SignalVu is running. The front-panel buttons and knobs of the oscilloscope do not have any effect on the SignalVu software settings.

One button that affects the SignalVu software is the Run/Stop button. Pressing the Stop button will halt data acquisition in the SignalVu software.

Touch Screen Actions

You can use the touch screen to change marker settings and how waveforms are displayed by using the Touch-screen Actions menu.

To use the Touch-screen Actions menu, touch the display in a graph area and hold for one second, then remove your finger. You can also use a mouse to display the T

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 21

ouch-screen Action menu by clicking the right mouse button.

Icon Menu Description

Select Selects markers and adjusts their position.

Span Zoom Zooms the graph area about the selected

point. Right-click in the graph display at a point of interest and drag to increase or decrease the span about the point of interest. Span Zoom adjusts the span control.

CF Pan Adjusts the Center Frequency according to

horizontal movement.

Zoom Adjusts horizontal and vertical scale of

the graph. The first direction with enough movement becomes the primary scale of adjustment. Adjustment in the secondary direction does not occur until a threshold of 30 pixels of movement is crossed.

Get Started

Dragging to the left or down zooms out and displays a smaller waveform (increases the scale value). Dragging to the right or up zooms in and displays a larger waveform (decreases the scale value).

Pan Adjusts horizontal and vertical position of the

waveform. The first direction with enough movement becomes the primary direction of movement. Movement in the secondary direction does not occur until a threshold of 30 pixels of movement is crossed.

- Reset Scale Returns the horizontal and vertical scale and position settings to their default values.

- Marker to peak Moves the selected marker to the highest peak. If no marker is turned on, this control automatically adds a marker

- Next Peak Moves the selected marker to the next peak. Choices are Next left, Next right, Next lower (absolute), and Next higher (absolute).

- Add marker Defines a new marker located at the horizontal center of the graph.

- Delete marker Removes the last added marker.

- All markers off Removes all markers.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 22

Touch-Screen Menu for Spurious Display

ouch-screen actions menu in the Spurious display has some minor changes compared to the standard version used in other displays.

The T

Get Started

Icon Menu Description

- Single-range Changes the current multi-range display to a single range display range is the range in which you display the touchscreen-actions menu. Selecting Single-range from the menu is equivalent to selecting Single on the Settings > Parameters tab.

- Multi-range Changes the current single-range display to a multi-range display. Selecting Multi-range from the menu is equivalent to selecting Multi on the Settings > Parameters tab.

- Marker > Sel Spur Moves the selected marker to the selected spur.

. The displayed

SignalVu Markers Menu

The SignalV to assign a marker to a different trace, synchronize markers with oscilloscope, cursors and pan the trace to place the marker at the measurement frequency.

u Markers menu appears when you right-click (or touch and hold) on a marker. The SignalVu Markers menu enables you

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 23

Get Started

Icon Menu Description

- Pan to marker Adjusts horizontal position of the waveform to locate the selected marker at the measurement frequency

- Assign to trace Assigns the selected marker to Trace 1, Trace 2, Trace 3 or the Math trace. A trace must be enabled to assign a marker to it.

- Sync scope C1 Synchronizes the position of oscilloscope Cursor 1 with the location of the selected marker. Turns on cursors if necessary.

- Sync scope C2 Synchronizes the position of oscilloscope Cursor 2 with the location of the selected marker. Turns on cursors if necessary.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 24

Elements of the Display

General application window areas. The main areas of the application window are shown in the following figure.

Get Started

Specific elements of the application display window. Specific elements of the display are shown in the following figure. More detailed information is available in the Main menu overview on page

562 section.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 25

Get Started

Ref number Setting Description

1 Recall Displays the Open window in order to recall setup files, acquisition data files, or trace files.

2 Save Opens the Save As dialog in order to save setup files, pictures (screen captures),

acquisition data files, or export measurement settings.

3 Undo/Redo Undoes or redoes the previous edit to a display or measurement settings, a preset, or a

measurement change.

4 Displays Opens the Select Displays dialog box so that you can select measurement displays.

5 Settings Opens the Settings control panel for the selected display. Each display has its own control

panel.

6 Acquire Opens the Acquire control panel, which displays the Sample Rate and Record length of the

recalled waveform file.

7 Analysis Opens the Analysis control panel so that you can define the analysis settings such as

frequency

Table continued…

, analysis time, and units.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 26

Get Started

Ref number Setting Description

8 Amplitude Opens the Amplitude control panel so that you can define the Reference Level, configure

internal attenuation, and specify external gain/loss corrections.

9 GNSS/Antenna Opens the GNSS/Antenna control panel so that you can configure and activate an internal

or external GNSS receiver and antenna.

10 Favorite User Presets Click to select from a list of custom favorite User presets and load the selected preset. For

more detailed information, see the topic.

11 Preset Recalls the preset.

12 Replay Runs a new measurement cycle on the existing acquisition data record using any new

settings. See the topic for more details.

13 Run

and

Run/Stop toolbar

(Only available when connected to an RSA306, RSA306B, RSA500A series, and RSA600A series, RSA7100 series, or MDO4000B/C.)

14 Reference Level Displays the reference level. To change the value, click the text and enter a number using a

15 Center Frequency Displays the Center Frequency. To change the value, click the text and enter the frequency

16 Main menu bar Contains access to menus. For detailed information, see the topic.

Table continued…

• Run menu and Run/Stop toolbar

Starts and stops data acquisitions and specifies the run conditions. For example, if you select Single in the Run/Stop toolbar (or Run Single in the Run menu), a single measurement cycle is run. If you select Continuous in the Run/Stop toolbar (or Run Continuous in the Run menu), the data acquisition runs until stopped.

Run menu

•

The Run menu also includes Resume and Abort.

Resume restarts data acquisition, but does not reset accumulated results, such as Average or MaxHold. This allows you to stop acquisitions temporarily, then continue.

Abort immediately halts the current acquisition/measurement cycle. In-process measurements and acquisitions are not allowed to complete.

See the topic for more details.

keyboard, or use a mouse scroll wheel.

with a keyboard. For fine adjustments, you can use the mouse wheel.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 27

Get Started

Ref number Setting Description

17 The Edit Favorites icon allows you access the below menu, which allows you to edit the

contents of the Favorites bar

. For more information, see the topic.

Restoring Default Settings

o restore the software to its factory default settings:

1. Select Presets > Preset Options.

2. In the Presets tab of the Options control panel, click to the view the Preset type drop down menu and select Main.

3. Click to the view the Presets drop down menu and select Original.

4. Click the red X icon in the top right corner of the Options control panel to close the panel.

5. Select Presets > Main from the menu bar to return the software to its original factory default settings.

Note: Y

ou can also click the Preset button on the right-hand side of the menu bar to load the Main preset.

Presets

Main menu bar: Presets

u includes a set of standard configurations that are tailored to specific applications or types of analysis. These configurations,

SignalV referred to as Presets, open selected displays and load settings that are optimized to address specific application requirements. You can also make your own User presets to fit your application. Any User preset can be added to the Favorites bar, enabling one-button access to your most used setups.

Preset Options

Select the Presets > Preset Options menu to open the Options control panel. Once you have chosen these settings, you can access any preset or list of presets from Presets on the menu bar.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 28

Get Started

• Preset type: Select the Preset type.

• Presets: Select the specific preset you want to display for the selected preset type.

• Preset action: Selecting a preset from the Preset drop down menu results in one of two actions depending on which item you choose in the Preset action list: Recall selected preset will immediately execute a preset when it is selected from the Presets menu. Show

list will display a list of presets subtypes from which you can then select the preset you want to recall.

vailable Presets

Select Presets from the menu bar to access the presets shown in the following table. Preset subtypes are managed in the Presets >

Preset Options on page 28 menu.

Preset Description

Main This Preset is the original factory preset used with your original

SignalVu software. This version of the factory preset is included to allow you to maintain compatibility with existing remote control software.

Standards

WLAN Measurements Overview on page 169 This preset sets the analyzer to display the WLAN Summary, WLAN

Constellation, and SEM displays. After you select the standards and bandwidth, the software configures these displays to apply the parameters appropriate for typical WLAN analysis tasks.

P25 Overview on page 276 This preset sets the analyzer to display the P25 MCPR, Summary,

P25 Constellation, and Time Overview displays. After you select the standard and modulation type, the software configures these displays to apply the parameters appropriate for typical P25 analysis tasks.

Overview on page 398 This preset loads a set of Bluetooth displays and test setup to

perform Bluetooth SIG RF tests. The software configures these displays to apply the parameters appropriate for Bluetooth analysis tasks.

LTE Overview on page 311 This preset loads a set of LTE displays and a test setup,

frame structure, and channel bandwidth to perform LTE tests. The software configures these displays to apply the parameters appropriate for LTE analysis tasks.

5GNR Analysis This preset loads a set of 5GNR displays and a test setup,

frame structure, and channel bandwidth to perform 5GNR tests. The software configures these displays to apply the parameters appropriate for 5GNR analysis tasks.

Overview of 802.11ad and 802.11ay on page 199

This preset loads a set of standards (Control PHY and Single carrier PHY) for 802.11ad and 802.11ay for offline analysis.

Application

Application Preset: Modulation Analysis on page 34

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 29

The Modulation Analysis setup application preset provides you with the most common displays used during modulation analysis. Only present when Option SVM is installed.

Get Started

Application Preset: Pulse Analysis on page 34

Application Preset: Time-Frequency Analysis on page

Application Preset: Spectrum Analysis on page 35

Application Preset: Spur Search Multi Zone 9k-1GHz on page 36

User (Favorites)

User Preset 1

User Preset 2

Other user presets

The Pulse Analysis application preset provides you with the most common displays used during pulse analysis, and makes changes to the default parameters to settings better optimized for pulsed signal analysis. Only present when Option SVP is installed.

The Time-Frequency preset configures the analyzer with settings suited to analyzing signal behavior over time.

The Spectrum Analysis application preset provide you with the settings commonly used for general purpose spectrum analysis.

The Spur Search application preset sets the analyzer to display all spurs that exceed the Threshold and Excursion values for the entire 9 kHz through 1 GHz range.

This preset sets the analyzer to show these displays: Frequency vs Time, Time Overview, Spectrogram, and Spectrum. Settings commonly used for general purpose analysis are loaded.

This preset sets the analyzer to show the Spurious display. Settings commonly used for spur analysis are loaded.

User presets you create and save will appear in the Preset drop down menu of the User Presets window. Any User preset that you have designated as a Favorite will be marked with an *.

Recalling a Preset

o recall a preset, select Presets and then the desired preset type.

ou can set which presets to recall from the Presets > Preset Options on page 28 control panel.

Note: Y

ou can also click the Preset button on the top right side of the menu bar to load the Main preset.

Configuring a User Preset

After you have selected a preset, adjust the span to show the necessary detail.

User (Favorites) Presets

Select the Presets > User (Favorites) menu to open the User Presets window presets provided with the software.

. The Presets drop-down list shows the three default user

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 30

Get Started

• User Preset 1: Sets up the Spectrum, Time Overview, Spectrogram, and Frequency vs Time displays.

• User Preset 2: Sets up the Spurious display.

Make a User preset

You can add your own User presets to the list that appears in the User Presets dialog box as follows:

1. Select Save As from the File menu to open the Save As dialog box.

2. Select to save to C:\SIGNALVU\User Presets.

3. Enter a file name. The name you give the file will appear in the User Presets dialog box list.

4. Select the .Setup file type file from the Save as type drop-down list.

5. Click Save.

Make a User preset a Favorite preset. You can place one or more User presets on the Favorites bar as a Favorite preset for quick

access. Do this as follows:

1. Select Presets > User to open the User Presets window.

2. Select the desired preset from the Presets drop-down list.

3. Click the Add Favorite button. The preset will now have an * next to it. You can do this for more than one preset.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 31

Get Started

4. If desired, add a note for this preset in the Notes field and then click the Save button. Whenever you recall this preset, this note will appear in a separate window

5. Click the OK button in the User Presets window

6. Click on the

7. When you are ready to recall a Favorite preset, click and select the preset from the list that appears.

8. T

o remove a Favorite preset, select it from the User Presets window and click the Remove Favorite button. The * should disappear

from the list.

icon on the Favorites bar and you will see the recently added Favorite preset listed.

, as shown below.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 32

Get Started

Standards Presets

The Standards presets allow you to recall preconfigured displays for the standards that you select. You can select from the following standards groups.

• WLAN: The IEEE wireless LAN (WLAN) standards specify the wireless interface between two wireless clients or a wireless client and a base station. The WLAN presets allow you to access displays preconfigured for the WLAN standards and bandwidths you select.

Note: More information is available about WLAN standards WLAN Measurements Overview on page watch a video tutorial about WLAN Presets at www.youtube.com/user/tektronix. Click here for information about searching the Tektronix YouTube channel for videos.

• P25: The Project 25 (P25) TIA-102 standards specify the design of interoperable digital two-way wireless communications products. The P25 presets allow you to access displays preconfigured for the P25 standards you select. You can choose either the Phase 1 (FDMA) standard or the Phase 2 (TDMA) standard.

Note: More information is available about P25 standards #unique_14/unique_14_Connect_42_B-Overview on page 276.

• Bluetooth: The Bluetooth standards specify short range RF signals. The Bluetooth presets allow you to access displays preconfigured for the specific Bluetooth standards you select: Basic Rate, Low Energy

Note: More information is available about Bluetooth standards Bluetooth Analysis.

• L

TE: The LTE standards ensure that the RF signals meet 3GPP measurements specifications. The LTE presets test setups load

pre-configured displays and control setting as suggested by the selected standard to accelerate the test setup of the analyzer.

, and Enhanced Data Rate (EDR).

169. You can also

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 33

Get Started

Note: More information is available about L

• 5GNR: The 5GNR standards ensure that the RF signals meet 3GPP measurements specifications. The 5GNR presets test setups load pre-configured displays and control setting as suggested by the selected standard to accelerate the test setup of the analyzer

Note: More information is available about 5GNR standards and test setups 5GNR Overview .

• 802.1

1ad and 802.11ay: Supports the set of standards for 802.11ad (Control PHY and Single carrier PHY) and for 802.11ay (single carrier PHY at RF up to 70 GHz in DPO70000 DX series oscilloscopes, the DPO70000SX (with ATI) series oscilloscopes, and on personal computers running SignalVu-PC for offline analysis. The ATI oscilloscope supports real time data analysis at RF, without any downconverters.

Note: More information is available about 802.1

TE standards and test setups on page 311.

1ad and 802.11ay standards 802.11ad and 801.11ay Overview.

Application Preset: Modulation Analysis

The Modulation Analysis application preset opens the following displays:

•

Signal Quality: Shows a summary of modulation quality measurements (EVM, rho, Magnitude Error, Phase Error, and others).

• Constellation: Shows the I and Q information of the signal analyzed in an I vs Q format.

• Symbol Table: Shows the demodulated symbols of the signal.

To use the Modulation Analysis preset (assuming the Preset action is set to Show list in the Presets tab of the Options control panel):

1. Select Presets > Application. Select Modulation Analysis and then click OK.

2. Set the measurement frequency.

3. Set the reference level so that the peak of your signal is about 10 dB below the top of the Spectrum display.

4. Set the modulation parameters for your signal. This includes the Modulation Type, Symbol Rate, Measurement Filter, Reference Filter,

and Filter Parameter. All of these settings are accessed by selecting Tools > Settings.

For most modulated signals, the Modulation Analysis application preset should present a stable display of modulation quality. Additional displays can be added by selecting Setup > Displays, and other settings can be modified to better align with your signal requirements.

Application Preset: Pulse Analysis

The Pulse Analysis application preset opens the following displays:

• Time Overview: Shows amplitude vs. time over the analysis period.

• Pulse Table: This shows a full report for the user-selected pulse measurements. If you want to clear the Pulse Table results for a new acquisition, open the Time Overview window and select Autoscale. This causes the pulse table to refresh.

• Pulse Trace: Shows the trace of the selected pulse and a readout of the selected measurement from the pulse table.

• Pulse Cumulative Histogram: Shows a histogram that support statistics over multiple acquisitions. It shows basic pulse measurements and has user definable bins for the cumulated pulses. It provides detailed information about the bins and its content.

• Pulse Cumulative Statistics Table: Shows a statistics table that provides information on Standard Deviation, Average, Max, and Min over different acquisitions.

• Pulse-Ogram: Shows a correlated Amplitude Time vs Time and frequency vs time display, where Y is pulse parameter, X is pulse duration, and Z is number of pulses. It shows you a definable number of stacked pulses in amplitude versus time (reference being

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 34

Get Started

the trigger time), as well as in amplitude versus frequency. This display will also show the information as an 'ogram, where the pulse number is being scanned over time.

ou can make a selected pulse and measurement appear in the Pulse Trace display by highlighting it in the Pulse Measurement Table.

Y Key pulse-related parameters that are set by the Pulse Analysis application preset are:

• Measurement Filter: No Filter-Max BW

• Measurement Bandwidth: This is set to the maximum real-time bandwidth of the instrument.

Note: The label on the “Measurement Bandwidth” setting is just “Bandwidth”. Like the main instrument Preset command and the other application presets, the Pulse Analysis application preset also sets most other instrument controls to default values.

• Analysis Period: This is set to 2 ms to ensure a good probability of catching several pulses for typical signals.

o use the Pulse Analysis preset (assuming the Preset action is set to Show list in the Presets tab of the Options control panel):

1. Select Presets > Application. Select Pulse Analysis and then click OK.

2. Set the Center Frequency control to the carrier frequency of your pulsed signal.

3. Set the Reference Level to place the peak of the pulse signal approximately 0-10 dB down from the top of the Time Overview display.

You may need to trigger on the signal to get a more stable display. This is set up with the oscilloscope's controls. A rising-edge trigger works well for many pulsed signals.

4. Set the Analysis Period to cover the number of pulses in your signal that you want to analyze. To do this, click in the data entry field of the Time Overview window and set the analysis length as needed.

Application Preset: Spectrum Analysis

The Spectrum Analysis application preset opens a Spectrum display and sets several parameters. The Spectrum Analysis preset sets the analyzer as follows.

• Spectrum Analysis : Sets the frequency range to maximum for the analyzer, and sets the RF/IF optimization to Minimize Sweep Time.

To use the Spectrum Analysis preset (assuming the Preset action is set to Show list in the Presets tab of the Options control panel):

1. Select Presets > Application. Select Spectrum Analysis and then click OK.

2. Set the measurement frequency using the front-panel knob or keypad.

3. Adjust the span to show the necessary detail.

Application Preset: Time-Frequency Analysis

The Time-Frequency Analysis application preset opens the following displays:

• Time Overview: Shows a time-domain view of the analysis time ‘window’.

• Spectrogram: Shows a three-dimensional view of the signal where the X-axis represents frequency, the Y-axis represents time, and color represents amplitude.

• Frequency vs. Time: This display's graph plots changes in frequency over time and allows you to make marker measurements of settling times, frequency hops, and other frequency transients.

• Spectrum: Shows a spectrum view of the signal. The only trace showing in the Spectrum graph after selecting the Time-Frequency Analysis preset is the Spectrogram trace. This is the trace from the Spectrogram display that is selected by the active marker. Stop acquisitions with the Run button because its easier to work with stable results. In the Spectrogram display, move a marker up or down to see the spectrum trace at various points in time.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 35

Get Started

The analysis period (scale) is set to 5 ms.

o use the Time-Frequency Analysis preset (assuming that Time-Frequency Analysis is the selected preset on the list of Application

T Presets and Preset action is set to Recall selected preset):

1. Select Presets > Application. Select Time-Frequency Analysis and then click OK.

2. When the preset's displays and settings have all been recalled and acquisitions are running, adjust the center frequency and span to

capture the signal of interest.

3. Set the Reference Level to place the peak of the signal approximately 0-10 dB down from the top of the Spectrum graph.

4. If the signal is transient in nature, you might need to set a trigger to capture it. You will need to use the oscilloscope triggering functions

to capture the signal.

When the signal has been captured, the spectrogram shows an overview of frequency and amplitude changes over time. To see frequency transients in greater detail, use the Frequency vs. Time display.

The Time-Frequency Analysis preset sets the analysis period to 5 ms. The Spectrum Span is 40 MHz. The RBW automatically selected for this Span is 300 kHz. For a 300 kHz RBW, the amount of data needed for a single spectrum transform is 7.46 μs. A 5 ms Analysis Length yields 671 individual spectrum transforms, each one forming one trace for the Spectrogram to display as horizontal colored lines. This preset scales the Spectrogram time axis (vertical axis) to -2, which means that the Spectrogram has done two levels of time compression, resulting in one visible line for each four transforms. This results in 167 lines in the Spectrogram for each acquisition, each covering 29.84 μs.

Application Preset: Spur Search Multi Zone 9k-1GHz

The Spur Search Multi Zone 9k-1GHz application preset opens the Spurious display, which is set to display all spurs that exceed the Threshold and Excursion values for the entire 9 k through 1 GHz range.

To use the Spur Search Multi Zone 9k-1GHz preset (assuming that Preset action is set to Recall selected preset):

1. Select Presets > Application. Select Spur Search Multi Zone 9k-1GHz and then click OK.

2. Click Setup > Settings when the preset's display and settings have all been recalled and acquisitions are running.

3. Select the Ranges and Limits tab in the Spurious Settings control panel to view the spur information. You can click the Expand button

to view the table in a separate window.

ou can read more about the Spurious display on page 124 and its various parameters and settings in the RF

Note: Y Measurements section.

Setting Options

Main menu bar: T

There are several settings you can change that are not related to measurement functions. The Option settings control panel is used to change these settings.

ools > Options

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 36

Get Started

Settings tab Description

Presets Use this tab to configure Presets. You can specify the action to take when a preset is recalled and

which preset to recall when the Preset button is selected.

Analysis Time Use this tab to specify the method used to automatically set the analysis and spectrum offsets when

ime Zero Reference on page 517 is set to Trigger.

the T

Save and Export Use this tab to specify whether or not save files are named automatically and what information is

saved in acquisition data files.

GPIB Do not use this tab to set the GPIB address for the instrument. Use the Utilities > GPIB

Configuration control window in the TekScope application to set the instrument GPIB address.

Security Selecting the Hide Sensitive readouts check box causes the instrument to replace measurement

readouts with a string of asterisks.

Prefs Use this tab to select different color schemes for the measurement graphs and set markers to

automatically jump to the next peak when dragged. When this setting is deselected, you can drag a marker to any point on the trace.

Presets

The Presets tab in the Options control panel allows you to specify actions taken when you press the Preset button. Y about this tab here.

ou can read more

Analysis Time

The Analysis Time tab in the Options control panel is used to specify the method used to automatically set the analysis and spectrum offsets when the Time Zero Reference on page 517 is set to Trigger. The available settings are:

• Include trigger point – Selects an algorithm that uses the measurements to determine how far in advance of the trigger to set the analysis offset. The analyzer tries to ensure that data about the trigger point is included in the analyses.

• Start at trigger point (legacy) – The method used by the instrument in prior versions, which sets the Analysis Offset to zero when possible. The analyzer tries to ensure that data following the trigger point is included in the analyses. Use this method if your measurements or procedures depend on past behavior of the Auto Analysis Offset function.

Save and Export

The Save and Export tab allows you to specify whether or not files are saved with an automatically generated name, and how much data is saved in an acquisition data file.

All files. The Automatically increment filename/number function can automatically name saved files by appending a number to a base file name. Use this tab to enable/disable automatic naming of files. For example, if Automatically Increment Filename Number is disabled, when you select Save from the File menu, you will have to enter a name for the file.

Acquisition data files. This setting specifies whether saved data files include the entire acquisition record or only the data for the analysis length (a subset of the acquisition record).

TIQ acquisition data files. Specifies which data records to save. You can choose from the following:

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 37

Get Started

• Current acquisition: Saves the current acquisition.

Current frame: If Fast Frame is enabled, saves only the current frame. The current frame is the one most recently analyzed.

•

• Selected frames: If Fast Frame is enabled, saves the specified frames.

• All in history: Saves all acquisition records in the history.

• Save TIQ file now: Invokes the Save As dialog box with the Save as type drop-down list set to TIQ.

Setup and data in MAT. Specifies which MATLAB data type to save. You can choose from the following:

• MAT v6 (Level 5)

• MAT v7.3 (Level 7.3)

MATLAB Level 5 file size is limited to 2 GB. If you try to save more than 2 GB in MATLAB Level 5 (v6 format), the following warning shows and prompts you to select Level 7.3 format.

Security

The Security tab enables you to hide sensitive readouts in displays with readouts, such as the OFDM Summary display

Prefs

The Prefs tab enables you to set properties that apply to all displays.

Color scheme. The Color scheme setting provides three color schemes for the measurement graphs. The color scheme setting does not change the overall instrument application or Windows color scheme.

Thunderstorm – This scheme displays graphs in shades of blue. This provides a less vibrant color scheme than the default setting.

•

• Blizzard – This scheme displays graphs with a white background to save ink when printing.

• Classic – The default setting. This scheme displays the graph area with a black background.

Markers snap to peaks when dragged. When selected, this setting causes makers to automatically jump to the next peak when you drag them. When this setting is deselected, you can drag a marker to any point on the trace.

Show “Data from warm-up period” message. When selected, this setting allows the data warm-up message to show in the status area of the display.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 38

Get Started

Show “External Connections enabled for traces” message. When selected, this setting allows the external connections message to

show

Show “Decimal separator warning” message. When unchecked, the message that warns users that the application only supports point decimal separators is disabled. Check the box to allow the message to pop up when users enter non-point decimal separators.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 39

Measurements

Selecting Displays

Main menu bar: Setup > Displays

Favorites toolbar:

Use the Select displays dialog to choose the displays that appear on the screen.

Measurements

To select displays:

1. Select Setup > Displays or click the icon.

2. Select one of the choices under Measurements. The measurement chosen determines the choices available in A

3. Double-click the desired display in the Available displays box or select the desired display and click Add.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 40

vailable displays.

Measurements

4. Click OK.

Interactions Between Displays

ferent displays can require different settings, for example acquisition bandwidth, analysis length, or resolution bandwidth, to achieve

Dif optimum results. The application automatically adjusts some settings to optimize them for the selected display. The check mark indicator in the upper, left-hand corner of the display indicates the display for which the application is optimized. Depending on application settings, some displays might stop displaying results if they are not the selected display.

Available Measurements

Available automatic measurements include RF power measurements, OFDM analysis, WLAN analysis, APCO P25 analysis, Bluetooth analysis, LTE analysis, 5GNR analysis, 802.11.ad and 802.11ay, audio analysis, analog modulation measurements, digital modulation measurements, and pulsed RF measurements.

See the specific measurement topic in this document for information about how to take a measurement.

Power measurements

Measurement Description

Channel Power The total RF power in the selected channel (located in the Chan Pwr and ACPR display).

Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR)

Signal Strength Measure of signal strength (channel power and peak channel power).

Multi-Carrier Power Ratio (MCPR) The ratio of the signal power in the reference channel or group of channels to the power in adjacent

Peak/Avg Ratio Ratio of the peak power in the transmitted signal to the average power in the transmitted signal

CCDF The Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) shows how much time a signal spends

Measure of the signal power leaking from the main channel into adjacent channels.

channels.

(located in the CCDF display).

at or above a given power level relative to the average power of a measured signal.

OFDM analysis

Measurement view Description

Channel Response Plots the channel response (magnitude or phase) versus the subcarrier or frequency. Here, the

channel refers to all sources of signal frequency response impairment up to the analyzer input, including the transmitter itself, as well as any transmission medium through which the signal travels between the transmitter and the analyzer

Constellation Shows the WLAN signal modulation amplitude and phase in I (horizontal) versus Q (vertical) form.

For multicarrier WLAN OFDM signals, the points show all data symbol subcarriers' modulation. For single-carrier 802.11b, each point corresponds to a single modulated chip.

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 41

Measurements

Measurement view Description

EVM The normalized RMS value of the error vector between the measured signal and the ideal reference

signal over the analysis length. The EVM is generally measured on symbol or chip instants and is reported in units of percent and dB. EVM is usually measured after best-fit estimates of the frequency error and a fixed phase of length. Displays RMS and Peak values with location of Peak value.

Flatness Ratio of the peak power in the transmitted signal to the average power in the transmitted signal

Mag Error The RMS magnitude difference between the measured signal and the reference signal magnitude.

Displays RMS and Peak values with location of Peak value.

Phase Error The RMS phase difference between the measured signal and the ideal reference signal. Displays

RMS and Peak values with location of Peak value.

Power shows the data symbols' individual subcarrier Power values versus symbol interval (time) and

subcarrier (frequency).

fset have been removed. These estimates are made over the analysis

WLAN measurements

Measurement view Description

Channel Response Plots the channel response (magnitude or phase) versus the subcarrier or frequency. Here, the

Constellation Shows the WLAN signal modulation amplitude and phase in I (horizontal) versus Q (vertical) form.

For multicarrier WLAN OFDM signals, the points show all data symbol subcarriers' modulation. For single-carrier 802.11b, each point corresponds to a single modulated chip.

EVM The normalized RMS value of the error vector between the measured signal and the ideal reference

signal over the analysis length. The EVM is generally measured on symbol or chip instants and is reported in units of percent and dB. EVM is usually measured after best-fit estimates of the frequency error and a fixed phase offset have been removed. These estimates are made over the analysis length. Displays RMS and Peak values with location of Peak value.

Flatness Ratio of the peak power in the transmitted signal to the average power in the transmitted signal

Mag Error The RMS magnitude difference between the measured signal and the reference signal magnitude.

Displays RMS and Peak values with location of Peak value.

Phase Error The RMS phase difference between the measured signal and the ideal reference signal. Displays

RMS and Peak values with location of Peak value.

Power vs Time The signal power amplitude versus time. For 802.11b signals, the packet Power-On and Power-Down

ramp times are also measured.

Summary Shows several measurements of WLAN signal quality.

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 42

Measurements

Measurement view Description

Symbol Table Shows decoded data values for each data symbol in the analyzed signal packet. For OFDM

(non-802.1 dimension and symbol (time) intervals in the vertical dimension. For 802.11b signals, the Preamble, Header, and Data (PSDU) symbol values are presented sequentially, with symbol indices in the left column.

1b) signals, results are presented with subcarrier (frequency) indices in the horizontal

802.11ad and 802.11ay measurements

This option is available for of

Measurement view Description

Constellation Shows the 802.11ad/ay signal modulation amplitude and phase in I (horizontal) versus Q (vertical)

EVM vs Time Shows the EVM plotted against time in seconds or symbols. The analysis region in which the

Symbol Table Shows decoded data values for each data symbol in the analyzed signal packet.

Summary Shows several measurements of 802.11ad/ay signal quality.

fline analysis only.

form.

measurement is done is indicated by a purple line in the T of analysis.

ime Overview display to indicate the region

Audio measurements

Measurement Description

Audio Spectrum Shows audio modulation characteristics. You can choose to show just the spectrum of the audio

signal or show the audio spectrum of the signal and the results of distortion measurements. The Audio Spectrum display can show a table listing the frequency of a Harmonic Distortion (HD) and Non-Harmonic Distortion (NHD) and its level. The Spectrum graph indicates these harmonics and non-harmonics with special markers.

Digital Modulation measurements

Table 1: Measurements for all modulation types except nFSK, C4FM, OQPSK and SOQPSK

Measurement Description

EVM The normalized RMS value of the error vector between the measured signal and the ideal reference

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 43

fset have been removed. These estimates are made over the analysis

Measurements

Measurement Description

Phase Error The RMS phase difference between the measured signal and the ideal reference signal. Displays

RMS and Peak values with location of Peak value.

Mag Error The RMS magnitude difference between the measured signal and the reference signal magnitude.

Displays RMS and Peak values with location of Peak value.

MER (RMS) The MER is defined as the ratio of I/Q signal power to I/Q noise power; the result is indicated in dB.

IQ Origin Offset The magnitude of the DC offset of the signal measured at the symbol times. It indicates the magnitude

of the carrier feed-through signal.

Frequency Error The frequency difference between the measured carrier frequency of the signal and the user-selected

center frequency of the instrument.

Gain Imbalance The gain difference between the I and Q channels in the signal generation path. Constellations with

gain imbalance show a pattern with a width that is dif

Quadrature Error The orthogonal error between the I and Q channels. The error shows the phase difference between I

and Q channels away from the ideal 90 degrees expected from the perfect I/Q modulation. Not valid for BPSK modulation type.

ferent form height.

Rho The normalized correlated power of the measured signal and the ideal reference signal. Like EVM,

Rho is a measure of modulation quality. The value of Rho is less than 1 in all practical cases and is equal to 1 for a perfect signal measured in a perfect receiver.

Table 2: Measurements for OQPSK and SOQPSK modulation types

Measurement Description

EVM The normalized RMS value of the error vector between the measured signal and the ideal reference

Offset EVM Offset EVM is like EVM except for a difference in the time alignment of the I and Q samples. For EVM,

I and Q samples are collected at the same time, for every symbol decision point (twice the symbol rate for offset modulations). For Offset EVM, the I and Q symbol decision points are time-aligned before collecting the I and Q samples. In this case, one I and one Q sample is collected for each symbol (half as many samples as the same number of symbols for (non-offset) EVM.

Phase Error The RMS phase difference between the measured signal and the ideal reference signal. Displays

RMS and Peak values with location of Peak value.

fset have been removed. These estimates are made over the analysis

Mag Error The RMS magnitude difference between the measured signal and the reference signal magnitude.

Displays RMS and Peak values with location of Peak value.

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 44

Measurements

Measurement Description

MER (RMS) The MER is defined as the ratio of I/Q signal power to I/Q noise power; the result is indicated in dB.

IQ Origin Offset The magnitude of the DC offset of the signal measured at the symbol times. It indicates the magnitude

of the carrier feed-through signal.

Frequency Error The frequency difference between the measured carrier frequency of the signal and the user-selected

center frequency of the instrument.

Gain Imbalance The gain difference between the I and Q channels in the signal generation path. Constellations with

gain imbalance show a pattern with a width that is dif

Quadrature Error The orthogonal error between the I and Q channels. The error shows the phase difference between I

and Q channels away from the ideal 90 degrees expected from the perfect I/Q modulation. Not valid for BPSK modulation type.

Rho The normalized correlated power of the measured signal and the ideal reference signal. Like EVM,

Rho is a measure of modulation quality. The value of Rho is less than 1 in all practical cases and is equal to 1 for a perfect signal measured in a perfect receiver.

ferent form height.

Table 3: Measurements for nFSK modulation types

Measurement Description

Peak FSK err Peak value of the frequency deviation error at the symbol point.

RMS FSK Err RMS value of the frequency deviation error at the symbol point.

Peak Mag Err The Peak magnitude difference between the measured signal and the reference signal magnitude.

RMS Mag Err The RMS magnitude difference between the measured signal and the reference signal magnitude.

Freq Error The frequency difference between the measured carrier frequency of the signal and the user-selected

center frequency of the instrument.

Freq Deviation Frequency distance from the center frequency at the symbol point.

Symbol Rate Error This compares the user-entered symbol rate to the instrument calculated symbol rate of the analyzed

signal.

Symbol Rate When in Auto-symbol rate, the instrument calculates the symbol rate of the signal and the instrument

calculates the error between the user entered value and the instrument calculated value.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 45

Table 4: Measurements for C4FM modulation type

Measurement Description

RMS Error Magnitude RMS value of the frequency deviation error at the symbol point.

Carrier Frequency Error Frequency difference between averaged signal frequency and the center frequency.

Deviation Frequency distance from the center frequency at the symbol point.

Length Number of symbols in the analysis area.

Analog Modulation measurements

Table 5: Measurements for AM modulation

Measurement Description

+AM Positive peak AM value.

Measurements

-AM Negative peak AM value.

Total AM Total AM value, which is equal to the peak-peak AM value divided by 2.

Table 6: Measurements for FM modulation

Measurement Description

+Pk Positive peak frequency deviation.

–Pk Negative peak frequency deviation.

RMS RMS value of the frequency deviation.

Pk-Pk/2 Peak-to-peak frequency deviation divided by 2.

Pk-Pk Peak-to-peak frequency deviation.

Table 7: Measurements for PM modulation

Measurement Description

+Pk Positive peak phase deviation.

–Pk Negative peak phase deviation.

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 46

Measurements

Measurement Description

RMS RMS value of the phase deviation.

Pk-Pk Peak-to-peak phase deviation.

APCO P25 measurements

Measurement Description

RF output power Measure of RF output power when the transmitter is connected to the standard load during defined

duty cycle.

Operating frequency accuracy Measure of the ability of the transmitter to operate on its assigned frequency.

Unwanted emissions (ACPR) Ratio of the total power of a transmitter under prescribed conditions and modulation to that of the

output power that falls within a prescribed bandwidth centered on the nominal frequency of adjacent channels.

Frequency deviation Measurement of the amount of frequency deviation that results for a Low Deviation and High

Deviation test pattern.

Modulation fidelity Measures the degree of closeness to which the modulation follows the ideal theoretical modulation

determined by the rms dif transmitted symbols.

Symbol rate accuracy Measures the ability of the transmitter to operate at the assigned symbol rate (4.8 kHz for Phase 1, 6

kHz for Phase 2).

Transmitter power and encoder attack time

Transmitter power and encoder attack time with busy/idle operations

Transmitter throughput delay Measures the time it requires for audio changes in the microphone to be encoded and transmitted

Transient frequency behavior Measures the difference of the actual transmitter frequency and assigned transmitter frequency as a

HCPM transmitter logical channel time alignment

Measures the time required for a transmitter to prepare and transmit information on the radio channel after changing state from standby to transmit (applies to conventional mode).

Measures the time required for a transmitter to prepare and transmit information on the radio channel after the receiving channel changes state from busy to idle.

over the air.

function of time when the RF output power is switched on or off.

Measures the ratio of total transmitter power under prescribed conditions and modulation to the peak power that falls in a prescribed bandwidth centered on the nominal frequency of the adjacent channel during the transmitter power ramping interval.

ference between the actual deviation and the expected deviation for the

Bluetooth measurements

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 47

Measurements

Measurement Description

Modulation characteristics Verifies that the modulation characteristics of the transmitted signal are correct. This measurement

can only be done if the payload has the bit pattern 10101010 or 1

Carrier frequency offset and drift Verifies that the carrier frequency offset and carrier drift of the transmitted signal is within the specified

limits for the Basic Rate and Low Energy standards. This test can be done only if the payload contains 10101010 bit pattern.

Output power Verifies the maximum peak and average power emitted from the EUT. The standard recommends this

test be done for a PRBS payload pattern.

In-band emission / ACPR Verifies that the in-band spectral emission is within limits. The standard document recommends

that this measurement be done with Hopping off, finding the integrated power in 1 MHz band (with RBW 100 kHz) in 80 channels starting from 2401 MHz to 2481 MHz. The integrated power values calculated in the adjacent channels are compared against recommended limits (except the three channels around transmitted frequency). This measurement is referred to as ACPR in the Basic Rate standards document.

20 dB bandwidth Verifies if the emissions inside the operating frequency range are within limits. This measurement is

done with Hopping off. The difference between frequency points at which the power level drops to 20 dB below the peak power of the emission is found as 20 dB bandwidth.

1110000.

Frequency range These measurements verify if the emissions inside the operating frequency range are within the limits.

Power density This measurement verifies the maximum RF output power density.

Out-of-band spurious emission This measurement can be done for FCC or ETSI masks using the Spurious display.

Relative power Verifies the relative power in the GFSK and PSK part of the Enhanced Data Rate signal. This

measurement is supported only when an Enhanced Data Rate signal is detected.

LTE measurements

Measurement Description

Cell ID detection The Cell ID is detected from the input LTE signal.

For TDD and FDD.

Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR)

The Adjacent Channel integrated power is calculated and shown. The relative power compared to the reference signal is also computed. The computed power is compared against limits suggested by the selected standard and pass/fail is reported.

For TDD and FDD.

Channel Power The channel power is calculated in the channel bandwidth.

For TDD and FDD.

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 48

Measurements

Measurement Description

Occupied Bandwidth The Occupied bandwidth is calculated as bandwidth containing 99% of the total integrated power in

the selected span around the selected center frequency

For TDD and FDD.

Operating Band Unwanted Emission

The power in off-slot region is computed and compared against selected limits.

OFF

The power in the offset regions is calculated and presented and compared against limits set in the offset and limits table and pass/fail is reported.

For TDD and FDD.

For TDD only.

5GNR measurements

Measurement Description

Modulation Accuracy (ModACC) It measures the deviation of the received symbol relative to the ideal transmitted symbol. The IQ data

is processed to identify the OFDM Symbol boundaries and FFT is performed using the various settings under the Modulation Accuracy tab. The subcarrier data is equalized and then data and DMRS are extracted to perform various EVM measurements as per the 3GPP Spec and then used for display in Constellation Display Frequency Offset estimation and corrections.

Channel Power (CHP) The measurement is used to verify the maximum carrier output power across the frequency range. It

includes the measurement of individual carrier power under carrier aggregation mode. The Integrated Bandwidth type can be chosen between Channel and Signal Bandwidth to include or remove the Guard Bands between carriers respectively.

Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) It measures the power leakage from the carrier channels into the neighboring frequency channels,

commonly referred to as offset channels. The RBW, sweep time, and Spectral Window can be selected from the measurement options tab. By default, 2 offset channels are enabled for measurement.

Spectral Emission Mask (SEM) It measures the spurious emissions of a transmitter in the immediate frequency bands and compares

against the limit chosen in the settings. The RBW settings and the width of the bands can be selected from the measurement options tab. Predefined band settings as per 3GPP are also provided in the options.

Occupied Bandwidth (OBW) The OBW is the bandwidth containing 99% of the total integrated power of the transmitted spectrum,

centered on the assigned channel frequency.

Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) The EVM vs Symbol or EVM vs Time will give the EVM of OFDM symbols present in the number of

symbols considered or the time within a slot.

Power vs Time (PVT) The PVT measurement measures the time domain power dynamics of the NR signal.

. The Estimation tab provides advanced settings related to IQ Impairments and

Pulse measurements

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 49

Measurements

Measurement Description

Average ON Power The average power transmitted during pulse on.

Peak Power Maximum power during pulse on.

Average Transmitted Power The average power transmitted, including both the time the pulse is on and the time it is off, and all

transition times.

Pulse Width The time from the rising edge to the falling edge at the –3 dB / –6 dB level (50%) of the user selected

100% level. Level is user selectable for V

Rise Time The time required for a signal to rise from 10% to 90% (or 20% to 80%) of the user selected 100%

level.

Fall Time The time required for a signal to fall from 90% to 10% (or 80% to 20%) of the user selected 100%

level.

Repetition Interval The time from a pulse rising edge to the next pulse rising edge.

Repetition Rate The inverse of repetition interval.

olts or Watts.

Duty Factor (%) The ratio of the width to the pulse period, expressed as a percentage.

Duty Factor (Ratio) The ratio of the pulse width to the pulse period.

Ripple Ripple is the peak-to-peak ripple on the pulse top. It does not include any preshoot, overshoot,

or undershoot. By default, the first 25% and the last 25% of the pulse top is excluded from this measurement to eliminate distortions caused by these portions of the pulse.

If the Amplitude units selected in the Amplitude panel (affects all amplitude measurements for the analyzer) are linear, the Ripple results will be in %Volts. For log units, the Ripple results will be in %Watts. The default for the general Units control is dBm, so the Ripple results default is %Watts.

General Signal Viewing

Overview

General Signal Viewing

The displays in General Signal V

• Amplitude vs Time

• Frequency vs Time

• Phase vs Time

• RF I & Q vs Time

• Spectrogram

• Spectrum

• Time Overview

These displays provide extensive time-correlated multi-domain views that connect problems in time, frequency, phase and amplitude for enabling you to more quickly understand cause and effect when troubleshooting.

iewing (Displays > Measurements > General Signal Viewing) are:

Time Overview Display

The Time Overview display shows the entire acquisition record and shows you how the spectrum time and analysis time fit within the acquisition record. This enables you to see how you can adjust the spectrum time and analysis time to measure portions of the data.

You can specify the maximum number of trace points in the Time Overview display. You can set the maximum number of trace points to 1K, 10K, 100K, 1M points or to Never decimate. If the Acquisition Length includes more than 10,000 sample points (and Max trace points is not set to Never decimate), the trace is decimated (using the +Peak method, similar to +Peak detection in a Spectrum display) to 10,000 points. This decimated trace is what is used for marker measurements.

The Time Overview window displays the Spectrum Length and Analysis Length. The Spectrum Length is the period of time within the acquisition record over which the spectrum is calculated. The Analysis Length is the period of time within the acquisition record over which all other measurements (such as Amplitude vs. Time) are made. The Spectrum Length and Analysis Length can be locked together so that the data used to produce the Spectrum display is also used for measurement displays; however, they do not have to be tied together. They are by default specified separately and used to analyze different parts of the acquisition record.

Elements of the Time Overview Display

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 52

General Signal Viewing

Item Element Description

1 Time Select the type of time analysis to be performed. You can select Analysis, Spectrum, or

Linked.

2 Offset Sets the offset of the selected analysis time control.

3 Length Sets the length of the selected analysis time control.

4 Position and Scale Adjusts the vertical scale and position.

5 Scale indicators Shows the vertical scale.

6 Autoscale button Resets the horizontal scale to display the entire acquisition record and the vertical scale to

show all trace points.

7 Horizontal offset Adjusts the horizontal offset.

8 Results Timeline This fuchsia line indicates the portion of the record actually used for calculating the

selected result. For example: if a pulse measurement is selected, it shows the period of the specific pulse. For a constellation display demodulation.

, it shows the points included in the

9 Amplitude vs. Time graph The trace represents the entire acquisition record (at full horizontal scale). The graph

indicates the Analysis Length or Spectrum Length on the graph with a darker background.

10 Horizontal Scale Adjusts the span of the graph. By decreasing the scale, the graph essentially becomes a

window that you can move over the acquisition record by adjusting the offset.

11 Spectrum Length and Offset

Indicator (red line, top of graph)

12 Analysis Length and Offset

Indicator (blue line, top of graph below red line)

Note: The area with black background (not gray) in the Amplitude vs. T Time Control drop-down list.

Changing the Time Overview Display Settings

ime Overview Settings

Main menu bar: Setup > Settings

This red line indicates the Spectrum Length and Offset. The longer the time, the longer the bar. Adjusting the offset shifts the bar left or right.

The blue line indicates the Analysis Length and Offset. The longer the time, the longer the bar. Adjusting the offset shifts the bar left or right.

ime Graph highlights the control selected in the Analysis

The Setup settings for Time Overview are shown in the following table.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 53

General Signal Viewing

Settings tab Description

Scale Adjusts the vertical and horizontal scale and offset of the display.

Trace Allows you to select the types of trace to display and its function.

Prefs Specifies whether or not certain display elements are shown.

Navigator View

ime Overview Navigator View places the Time Overview display across the top of the application screen. This allows you to adjust

The T the area of interest in the Navigator View and see the results simultaneously in the other displays. For example, in the following image, adjusting the mask in the Navigator View moves the trace and markers in all of the other displays.

Show Navigator View

o show the Navigator View, select View > Navigator View. To remove the Navigator View, deselect Navigator View in the View menu.

Trace Tab

race Tab allows you to set the display characteristics of displayed traces.

The T

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 54

General Signal Viewing

Setting Description

Show Shows / hides the selected trace.

Detection Sets the Detection method used for the trace. Not available for saved traces. Available detection

methods are +Peak, -Peak, +/-Peak, A

vg (VRMS), and Sample. Not all detection methods are

available in all displays.

Function Selects the trace processing method. Available settings are: Normal, Average, Max Hold, and Min

Hold.

(Number of Traces) Sets the number of traces averaged to generate the displayed trace. (Present only when Function is

set to Average.)

Freeze Halts updates to the selected trace.

Save Trace As Saves the selected trace to a file for later recall and analysis.

Show Recalled trace Displays a saved trace instead of a live trace.

Detection

race Detection occurs when the trace is being decimated by the measurement. For example, if the maximum number of trace points is

T 100,000, and the selected analysis region is 200,000 samples, the measurement must decimate the 200,000 resulting trace points by 2 to prevent exceeding the 100,000 trace point limit. Since only one value can be selected for each trace point, an algorithm must be used to select (detect) the appropriate value to use.

The IQ samples in a data acquisition can be detected in a variety of ways. The number of IQ samples available to each trace point varies with both analysis length and trace length. For example, with Spectrum Length set to ‘Auto’ in the Analysis menu, the instrument analyzes just enough samples to produce one IQ sample pair per trace point. In this case, the detection method chosen has very little effect, as the +Peak, -Peak, Avg (VRMS) and Sample values are all equal. Changing the Spectrum Length causes the available detection methods to differ in value because they have a larger set of samples for the various detection methods to process.

The available detection methods (depending on the display) are:

• +Peak – Each point on the trace is the result of detecting the positive peak value present in the set of IQ samples available to that trace point.

• -Peak – Each point on the trace is the result of detecting the negative peak value present in the set of IQ samples available to that trace point.

• +/-Peak – Selects the highest and lowest values of all the samples contained in two consecutive acquisition intervals.

• Avg (VRMS) [Average V available to the trace point. When displayed in either linear (Volts, Watts) or Log (dB, dBm), the correct RMS value results. When the

] – Each point on the trace is the result of determining the RMS Voltage value for all of the IQ samples

RMS

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 55

General Signal Viewing

averaging function is applied to a trace, the averaging is performed on the linear (Voltage) values, resulting in the correct average for RMS values.

• Sample – The result is calculated based on the first sample available in the set of IQ samples for each trace point.

race Processing

Traces can be processed to display in different ways. The Function setting controls trace processing.

• Normal - Each new trace is displayed and then replaced by the next trace. Each data point contains a single vertical value.

• Average - Multiple traces are averaged together to generate the displayed trace. There is one vertical value for each underlying frequency data point. Once the specified number of traces have been acquired and averaged to generate the displayed trace, each new trace takes the place of the oldest trace in the calculation. The Number of Traces setting specifies how many traces averaged.

• Max Hold - Displays the maximum value in the trace record for each display point. Each new trace display point is compared to the previous maximum value and the greater value is retained for display and subsequent comparisons.

• Min Hold - Displays the minimum value in the trace record for each display point. Each new trace display point is compared to the previous minimum value and the lesser value is retained for display and subsequent comparisons.

Saving Traces

To save a trace for later analysis:

1. Select the Save icon

2. Navigate to the desired folder or use the default.

3. T

ype a name for the saved trace and click Save.

. This displays the Save As dialog box.

Recalling Traces

You can recall a previously saved trace for analysis or comparison to a live trace.

To select a trace for recall:

1. Select the trace into which the recalled trace will be loaded, from the Trace drop-down list.

2. Check the Show check box.

3. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box.

4. Navigate to the desired file and click Open.

5. Check the Show Recalled T

6. Verify that the trace's Show check box is selected (either on this tab or next to the drop-down list located at the top-left corner of the

graph).

race check box.

Spectrum Display

To display a spectrum:

1. Click the Displays button or select Setup > Displays.

2. From the Measurements box, select General Signal Viewing.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 56

General Signal Viewing

3. Double-click the Spectrum icon in the A removes it from the Available displays box). Alternatively, you can click the Spectrum icon and then click the Add button to select Spectrum for display.

4. Click the OK button.

vailable displays box. This adds the Spectrum icon to the Selected displays box (and

Elements of the Spectrum Display

Item Display element Description

1 Vertical position Sets the top of graph value. This is only a visual control for panning the graph. The

Reference Level is adjusted in the T Vert Position = Ref Level.

2 Units Sets the global Amplitude units for all the views in the analysis window. This will change

the Amplitude selection in the Units tab of Analysis Control panel.

3 dB/div Sets the vertical scale value. The maximum value is 20.00 dB/division.

4 RBW Sets the resolution bandwidth. Note that when the RBW is set to Auto, its value is

italicized.

5 VBW Enables the VBW (Video Bandwidth) filter. See Setup > Settings > BW Tab on page 77.

6 Autoscale Adjusts the Vertical and Horizontal scaling to display the entire trace on screen.

7 Position Default function is CF - center frequency (equivalent to the Freq setting). If Horizontal

scaling has been manually adjusted in Settings > Scale, then Offset will replace CF as the setting at the bottom-left corner of the screen.

Table continued…

oolbar and the Amplitude control panel. By default,

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 57

General Signal Viewing

Item Display element Description

8 CF indicator Indicates the center frequency.

9 Span / Scale Default function is Span - frequency difference between the left edge of the display and

the right edge. If Horizontal scaling has been manually adjusted in Settings > Scale, then Scale will replace Span as the setting at the bottom-right corner of the screen.

10 Clear Restarts multi-trace functions (Avg, Hold).

11 Function Readout of the Detection and Function selections for the selected trace.

12 Show Controls whether the selected Trace is visible or not. When trace is Off, the box is not

checked.

13 Trace Selects a trace. Clicking here pops up a context menu listing the available traces, whether

they are enabled or not. If you select a trace that is not currently enabled, it will be made enabled.

Changing the Spectrum Display Settings

Spectrum Settings

Main menu bar: Setup > Settings

The settings for the Spectrum display are shown in the following table.

Settings tab Description

Freq & Span Sets frequency and span parameters for the Spectrum Analysis display.

BW Sets Resolution Bandwidth and windowing parameters.

Traces Sets Trace display parameters.

Traces (Math) Sets the traces used to create the Math trace.

Scale Tab on page 58 Sets vertical and horizontal scale and position parameters.

Prefs Tab on page 79 Specifies whether or not certain display elements are shown.

Scale Tab

The Scale tab allows you to change the vertical and horizontal scale settings. Changing the scale settings changes how the trace appears on the display but does not change control settings such as Measurement Frequency controls.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 58

. In effect, these controls operate like pan and zoom

General Signal Viewing

Setting Description

Vertical

Scale Changes the vertical scale.

Position Vertical Position adjusts the top of graph amplitude value. This control allows you to move (“pan”) the

traces up and down in the graph without changing the Reference Level.

Autoscale Resets the Offset so that the trace appears below the top of the graph.

Horizontal

Scale Allows you to change the range of frequencies shown in the graph without changing the span or

measurement frequency

Position Allows you pan the graph.

Autoscale Resets Scale to the Span setting.

Reset Scale Resets all settings to their default values.

Log scale Resets the display to show the frequency axis in a logarithmic scale.

Spectrogram Display

The Spectrogram is a display with the vertical axis (time) composed of successive spectral displays, each having the amplitude represented by color or intensity the bottom of the spectrogram. The addition of a new spectrum can occur at the fastest rate that new spectra can be plotted, or, if you choose, new spectra can be added at a timed rate. The spectrogram view is well-suited to displaying long-term trends of spectral data. The maximum number of lines that can be displayed in a spectrogram is 125,000.

The spectrogram can also be displayed in a 3-D waterfall format. In the 3-D waterfall format, the spectrogram displays the time axis along a simulated Z-axis.

Note: Spectrogram data is shared with the Spectrum display

. The horizontal axis represents frequency. The most recently acquired spectrum results are added to

To display a Spectrogram:

1. Select the Displays button or select Setup > Displays. This displays the Select Displays dialog box.

2. From the Measurements box, select General Signal V

3. Double-click the Spectrogram icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Spectrogram icon to the Selected displays box.

4. Click the OK button. This displays the spectrogram view.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 59

iewing.

o display a 3-D version of the spectrogram, select the 3-D checkbox.

5. T

Elements of the Spectrogram Display

General Signal Viewing

Item Display element Description

1 Check mark indicator The check mark indicator in the upper, left-hand corner of the display shows when the

Spectrogram display is the optimized display

Note: When Best for multiple windows is selected in the Amplitude control panel's RF & IF Optimization control, none of the measurement displays shows a checkmark, as there is not a single optimized measurement.

2 Time/div Sets the length of time represented by each vertical division. Divisions are indicated by tick

marks along the left edge of the graph.

3 RBW Sets the resolution bandwidth. Note that when the RBW is set to Auto, its value is

italicized.

4 VBW Enables the VBW (Video Bandwidth) filter. See Setup > Settings > BW T

5 3-D checkbox Enables and disables the 3-D view.

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 60

ab on page 77 .

General Signal Viewing

Item Display element Description

6 Shows the positions of the start and stop records selected on the Select data records

tab. Drag the indicators to select which records will be played by Replay All. Note that these are not visible while acquisitions are running; the instrument must be stopped for the indicators to be visible.

7 Selected records indicators Trigger indicator. This icon indicates the trigger point within the current acquisition.

8 Pos Position indicates the bottom line visible in graph. Changing this setting scrolls the window

up and down through the displayed acquisition records.

9 Autoscale Resets Vertical and Horizontal scale and Pos to default values.

10 CF Sets the Center Frequency.

11 Span Sets the span of the spectrogram display.

12 Current data record indicator A blue line indicates the current data record. When the analysis length is short, the blue

line appears as a thin line much like the selected indicator line. When the analysis length is relatively long, the blue line appears more like a blue bar

13 Position scroll bar Changes the position of the trace in the window. Changing the position scroll bar is the

same as adjusting the Pos setting.

14 Selected indicator This inverse-colored line indicates the Spectrogram line that will appear in the Spectrum

display when the Spectrogram trace is enabled. This line is attached to the selected marker.

15 Clear Clears the spectrogram display; however, data records in acquisition history remain in

memory and are available for replay. To clear memory, select File > Acquisition Data Info > Delete All Data.

16 Marker indicators These icons indicate the position of markers in the spectrogram. You can move markers

by dragging the desired marker indicator.

17 Detection setting Displays the selected Detection method (see Trace Tab on page 62 tab).

18 Marker readout Marker readout for the selected marker. In the Spectrogram display, the marker readout

includes a date and timestamp. The time is displayed in a 24-hour format. The timestamp readout can be shown or hidden independently of the other marker readouts (see Prefs

Tab on page 79).

19 Time Scale status readout Three readouts can appear here depending on settings: Time/update, Spectrums/line, and

Overlap. See Time Scale Status Readout on page 61.

Time Scale Status Readout

Three types of readouts can appear in the display depending on settings:

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 61

General Signal Viewing

• Time/update – Displays minutes:seconds when Spectrum Monitor is selected in the Settings > T (Time) section.

• Spectrums/line – Displays an integer number when vertical scale is Normal and each line contains the results from one or more frequency transforms (whether zoomed out or not).

• Overlap – Displays the overlap percentage when vertical scale is Normal and each line's transform shares some points with the transforms of lines before and after it (zoomed in). Overlap can only be done when the Analysis Length > 2x RBW frame length.

The Spectrogram can show results from one or multiple acquisitions and it can show one or multiple lines for each acquisition.

Changing the Spectrogram Display Settings

ime & Freq Scale tab in the Vertical

Spectrogram Settings

Main menu bar: Setup > Settings

The Setup settings for the Spectrogram display are visible when Spectrogram is the selected display.

Settings tab Description

Freq & Span Tab Sets frequency and span parameters for the Spectrogram display.

BW Tab on page 77 Sets Resolution Bandwidth and windowing parameters.

Trace Tab on page 62 Sets Trace display parameters.

Amplitude Scale Tab on page 63 Selects between 2-D and 3-D, sets height scale, position and orientation for 3-D display. Sets color

parameters for the spectrogram trace.

Time & Freq Scale Tab Sets the vertical and horizontal scale parameters for the spectrogram trace. The Spectrum Monitor

controls are also on this tab.

Prefs Tab on page 79 Specifies whether or not certain display elements are shown.

Trace Tab

The Spectrogram T Spectrogram Trace tab does not have all the controls that other Trace tabs contain, however, it does have a unique display element, the Selected Line readout. For details on Detection, Freeze, and saving and recalling traces, see the Traces Tab on page 74.

race tab controls let you specify the Detection method, save traces, and recall saved traces for display. The

Selected Line

Displays the time at the Selected Line. If Markers are enabled, the selected line is positioned by the selected marker enabled, the selected line is the first line in the current analysis period.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 62

. If no markers are

Amplitude Scale Tab

General Signal Viewing

The Amplitude Scale tab allows you to change the vertical and horizontal scale settings, enable the 3-D W scheme used for the spectrogram trace.

Setting Description

Height (3-D only)

Scale Changes the vertical scale for trace Amplitude in the graph (not the vertical scale for Time).

Position Specifies the level displayed at the bottom edge of the graph. (Bottom front edge in the 3-D view).

Autoscale Adjusts the vertical position and scale of the trace lines to bring them into the visible portion of the

graph.

3–D Waterfall Displays the spectrogram in a 3-D format.

aterfall display, and set the color

Northeast Shifts the perspective of the 3-D graph so that the oldest traces move back and to the right.

Northwest Shifts the perspective of the 3-D graph so that the oldest traces move back and to the left.

Reset Scale Resets the Height and Color settings to their default values.

Color (Power)

Color Displays a drop-down list that allows you to set the color scheme used for the spectrogram trace.

Max Sets the maximum power level represented by the top of the color scale.

Min Sets the minimum power level represented by the bottom of the color scale.

Time & Freq Scale Tab

ime and Freq Scale tab allows you to change the vertical and horizontal scale settings, enable the 3-D Waterfall display, and set the

The T color scheme used for the spectrogram trace.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 63

General Signal Viewing

Setting Description

Vertical (Time)

Normal For most Spectrogram applications. Primary time scale control is Time/div. Time scale can be zoomed

in or out.

Spectrum Monitor For long-term signal monitoring applications. In spectrum monitor mode, each line in the spectrogram

represents the period of time specified by the T but not zoomed in (no overlap).

Time/update Sets the time, in minutes and seconds, represented by each line of the spectrogram. Only available in

Spectrum Monitor.

Reset Scale Resets the Time/div and Pos settings to their default values.

Autoscale Scales the vertical (time) axis to compress all existing trace lines into the visible area of the graph.

Resets the Position value to zero, placing the most recent spectrogram line at the bottom of the spectrogram display. Only Position is affected by Autoscale when Spectrum Monitor is selected.

Time/div Sets the time displayed per division.

ime/update parameter. Time scale can be zoomed out,

Visible elapsed time Displays the length of time visible in the display. This does not represent the total time available to

view.

Position Adjusts vertical position of the trace within the graph area. Setting represents the offset, in divisions,

between the bottom of the graph and the bottom (most recent) line in the results trace.

Time at position Displays the time of the spectrogram line shown at the bottom of the graph. This time is relative to the

Time Zero Reference of the current acquisition.

Horizontal (Frequency)

Scale Sets the frequency range of the graph without changing the Span value.

Position Sets the frequency displayed at the center of the graph. Changing this value does not change the

Freq setting.

Autoscale Sets the frequency scale to the Spectrogram Span value.

Spectrum Monitor

Spectrum Monitor performs long term monitoring. The monitor mode compresses time into each line of the spectrogram, which enables you to monitor long periods of time (from 1 second per line up to 600 minutes per line). Y

ou can capture up to 31,250 lines.

During each line's collection period, spectrum transforms are computed for each acquisition taken by the instrument. As each transform completes, it is incorporated into the current spectrogram line. How each line of the spectrogram is created in spectrum monitor mode depends on the detection setting (Settings > Trace). For example, if Detection is set to +Peak, each spectrogram line is effectively a peak hold display of all the spectral data captured since the prior line.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 64

Amplitude Vs Time Display

General Signal Viewing

The Amplitude vs. T along the horizontal axis.

Note that the trace(s) in the Amplitude vs. Time display can be set to a maximum of 100,000 points (however, the actual number of trace points can extend up to 1,000,000 points if Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). If the Analysis Length includes more than the selected Max trace points value, the trace is decimated (using the method specified with the Detection control) to be equal to or less than the Max trace points setting (except when Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). This decimated (or undecimated) trace is what is used for marker measurements and for results export. You can set the Max trace points on the Settings > Prefs tab.

To show Amplitude vs. Time display:

1. Press the Displays button or select Setup > Displays.

2. In the Select Displays dialog, select General Signal Viewing in the Measurements box.

3. In the Available displays box, double-click the Amplitude vs. Time icon or select the icon and click Add. The Amplitude vs. Time icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays.

4. Click OK.

ime display plots the signal amplitude against time. The amplitude appears on the vertical axis while time is plotted

Elements of the Display

Item Display element Description

1 Vertical scale adjustment Adjusts the vertical scaling.

2 Span Adjust the bandwidth of the data to be analyzed. (Not the period of time shown in the

display

3 Autoscale Adjusts the vertical and horizontal settings to provide the best display.

4 Offset Adjust the horizontal offset.

5 Max and Min readouts Displays the maximum and minimum amplitudes, as well as when those values occur.

6 Scale Sets the time spanned by the graph.

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 65

General Signal Viewing

Item Display element Description

7 Clear button Restarts multi-trace functions (Avg, Hold).

8 Trace function Displays the current trace function setting (Settings > Trace tab > Function).

Reference. Changing Amplitude vs T

ime Display Settings

Amplitude Vs Time Settings

Main menu bar: Setup > Settings

The settings for the Amplitude vs. Time display are shown in the following table.

Settings tab Description

Freq & BW Tab Sets the Bandwidth Method used for setting the measurement bandwidth.

Traces Tab on page 74 Allows you to select the type of trace to display and their functions.

Traces (Math) Sets the traces used to create the Math trace.

Scale Tab on page 79 Sets the vertical and horizontal scale parameters.

Prefs Tab on page 79 Specifies whether certain display elements are visible.

Freq & BW Tab

The Freq > BW (Bandwidth) tab allows you to specify the bandwidth parameters used for setting measurement bandwidth. This determines what Acq BW the measurement will request.

Settings Description

Time-domain Bandwidth filter Time-domain BW is a filter used to process the trigger input signal before the trigger system analyzes

the signal. The frequency edge trigger point must lie within the range of time domain bandwidth. This makes the range of the frequency edge trigger = Center Frequency (Time Domain Bandwidth) Measurement BW, no filter

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 66

Settings Description

This control limits the bandwidth of measurements. Y measurement bandwidth setting to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement, resulting in lower measurement uncertainty. However, if the measurement bandwidth is set too low, resulting in fewer samples per second, it can reduce the number of points within the measurement length below the 256 stable samples required, thus causing the analysis to fail.

ou use the

Frequency Vs Time Display

General Signal Viewing

The Frequency vs. T

Note that the trace(s) in the Frequency vs. Time display can be set to a maximum of 100,000 points (however, the actual number of trace points can extend up to 1,000,000 points if Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). If the Analysis Length includes more than the selected Max trace points value, the trace is decimated (using the method specified with the Detection control) to be equal to or less than the Max trace points setting (except when Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). This decimated (or undecimated) trace is what is used for marker measurements and for results export. You can set the Max trace points on the Settings > Prefs tab.

To display the Frequency vs. Time Display:

1. Select the Displays button or Setup > Displays.

2. In the Select Displays dialog, select General Signal Viewing in the Measurements box.

3. In the Available displays box, double-click the Frequency vs. Time icon or select the icon and click Add. The Frequency vs. Time icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays.

4. Click OK to display the Freq vs. Time display.

ime Display shows how the signal frequency varies with time.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 67

Elements of the Display

Item Display element Description

General Signal Viewing

1 Top of graph adjustment Use the knob to adjust the frequency range displayed on the vertical axis.

2 Offset adjustment Adjusts the frequency shown at the center of the display.

3 Autoscale button Adjusts the offset and range for both vertical and horizontal to provide the best display.

4 Maximum and Minimum

frequency readouts

5 Horizontal Scale Sets the time spanned by the graph.

6 Clear button Restarts Average trace.

7 Trace function Displays the current trace function setting (Settings > Trace > Function).

Changing Frequency vs Time Display Settings

Frequency Vs T

Main menu bar: Setup > Settings

The Setup settings for Frequency vs. Time are shown in the following table.

ime Settings

Displays the maximum and minimum values, as well as when those values occur.

Settings tab Description

Freq & BW Sets the frequency and bandwidth parameters.

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 68

Settings tab Description

Traces Sets the trace display parameters.

Scale Sets the Vertical and Horizontal scale and offset parameters.

Prefs Specifies whether certain display elements are visible.

Phase Vs Time Display

General Signal Viewing

The Phase vs. T horizontal axis.

Note that the trace(s) in the Phase vs. Time display can be set to a maximum of 100,000 points (however, the actual number of trace points can extend up to 1,000,000 points if Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). If the Analysis Length includes more than the selected Max trace points value, the trace is decimated (using the method specified with the Detection control) to be equal to or less than the Max trace points setting (except when Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). This decimated (or undecimated) trace is what is used for marker measurements and for results export. You can set the Max trace points on the Settings > Prefs tab.

To display Phase vs. Time:

1. Press the Displays button or select Setup > Displays.

2. In the Select Displays dialog, select General Signal Viewing in the Measurements box.

3. In the Available displays box, double-click the Phase vs. Time icon or select the icon and click Add. The Phase vs. Time icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays.

4. Click OK to show the Phase vs. Time display.

ime display plots the signal phase against time. The phase appears on the vertical axis while time is plotted along the

Elements of the Display

Item Display element Description

1 Top of graph adjustment Adjusts the vertical scale. Use the knob to adjust the value of the top of the graph.

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 69

General Signal Viewing

Item Display element Description

2 Vertical offset adjustment Adjusts the phase error shown at the vertical center of the display.

3 Autoscale button Adjusts the vertical and horizontal settings so that the entire trace fits in the view.

4 Horizontal Offset Adjusts the horizontal position of the trace.

5 Max and Min readouts Displays the maximum and minimum value of the phase error within the analysis times

and the times at which they occurred.

6 Horizontal Scale Sets the time spanned by the graph.

7 Clear button Restarts multi-trace functions (Avg, Hold).

8 Trace function Shows the trace function as set on the Settings > Trace tab.

Changing the Phase vs Time Display Settings

Phase Vs T

Main menu bar: Setup > Settings

The settings for the Phase vs. Time display are shown in the following table.

Settings tab Description

Freq & BW Sets the frequency and bandwidth parameters.

Traces Sets the trace display parameters.

Scale Sets the Vertical and Horizontal scale and offset parameters.

Prefs Specifies whether certain display elements are visible.

ime Settings

RF I & Q vs Time Display

This is a plot of the baseband In-Phase (I) and Quadrature (Q) components of a modulated carrier and/or Q values the Y-axis.

Note that the trace(s) in the RF I & Q vs. Time display can be set to a maximum of 100,000 points (however, the actual number of trace points can extend up to 1,000,000 points if Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). If the Analysis Length includes more than the selected Max trace points value, the trace is decimated (using the method specified with the Detection control) to be equal to or less than the Max trace points setting (except when Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). This decimated (or undecimated) trace is what is used for marker measurements and for results export. You can set the Max trace points on the Settings > Prefs tab.

. The plot is in the time domain, with I

To display an RF I & Q vs. Time display:

1. Select the Displays button or select Setup > Displays. This shows the Select Displays dialog box.

2. From the Measurements box, select General Signal Viewing.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 70

General Signal Viewing

3. Double-click the RF I & Q vs. T box.

4. Click the OK button.

Elements of the Display

ime icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the RF I & Q vs. Time icon to the Selected displays

Item Display element Description

1 Top of Graph adjustment Use the knob to adjust the vertical scaling.

2 Vertical offset adjustment Adjusts the level shown at the center of the display.

3 Autoscale button Adjusts the offset and scale for both vertical and horizontal to provide the best display.

4 Maximum and Minimum level

readouts

5 Scale Sets the time spanned by the graph.

6 Clear button Restarts multi-trace functions (Avg, Hold).

7 Trace function Displays the current trace function setting (Settings > Trace > Function). If the traces are

8 Trace Control Selects which trace is displayed (using the drop-down list) and which trace is active (click

Changing the RF I & Q vs Time Display Settings

Displays the maximum and minimum values, within the Analysis Time, as well as the times at which they occurred.

averaged, the number of averages is displayed.

on the trace name to display a menu).

RF I & Q vs T

Main menu bar: Setup > Settings

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 71

ime Settings

General Signal Viewing

The Setup settings for RF I&Q vs. Time are shown in the following table.

Settings tab Description

Freq & BW Tab Sets the frequency and bandwidth parameters.

Traces Sets the trace display parameters.

Scale Sets the Vertical and Horizontal scale and offset parameters.

Prefs Specifies whether certain display elements are visible.

Common Controls General Signal Viewing Shared Measurement Settings

The control panel tabs in this section are identical or very similar for each of the displays in the General Signal V Displays). Some tabs are shared by all the displays, some tabs are shared by only a couple of displays.

For some tabs, the control values are shared across all the General Signal Viewing displays. For other control values, each display has unique values for the controls. Details are provided for the specific tabs.

iewing folder (Setup >

Table 8: Common controls for general signal viewing displays

Settings tab Description

Freq & Span Sets the frequency and span parameters.

Traces Sets the trace display parameters.

Traces – Math Sets the traces used to create the Math trace.

BW Sets the Bandwidth Method used for setting the measurement bandwidth.

Scale Sets the Vertical and Horizontal scale and offset parameters.

Prefs Specifies whether certain display elements are visible.

Freq & BW Tab — Freq vsTime, Phase vs Time, RF I & Q vs Time Display

The Freq & BW tab provides access to settings that control frequency settings for the Freq vs T display.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 72

ime, Phase vs Time, RF I & Q vs Time

General Signal Viewing

Setting Description

Measurement Freq The frequency at the which measurements are made. This value is the same as the setting for

Frequency in the Application bar

Measurement BW This control limits the bandwidth of measurements. You use the measurement bandwidth setting to

improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement, resulting in lower measurement uncertainty. However, if the measurement bandwidth is set too low, resulting in fewer samples per second, it can reduce the number of points within the measurement length below the 256 stable samples required, thus causing the analysis to fail.

Link to Span When enabled, the measurement bandwidth of the RF I & Q display is determined by the span of the

analyzer. When unchecked, the measurement bandwidth is specified by the user, and no additional filter is applied.

Set to max BW Sets the measurement bandwidth to the maximum acquisition bandwidth of the instrument.

Freq & Span Tab

The Freq & Span tab provides access to settings that control frequency settings for the trace display shared by all the General Signal Viewing displays.

Setting Description

Frequency The frequency at the center of the selected span.

Start The lowest frequency in the span.

Stop The highest frequency in the span.

Span The difference between the start and stop frequencies. This is the measurement bandwidth for the

general signal viewing displays.

. The control values set in this tab are

Step Size Sets the increment/decrement size for Frequency, Start, and Stop values.

Dwell time (DPX display only) The amount of time the DPX sweep remains in a frequency segment collecting data and updating the

bitmap and traces before moving on to the next higher frequency segment. The minimum Dwell Time setting is 50 ms, the normal update rate for DPX computations. Maximum Dwell Time per frequency segment is 100 s. The number of frequency segments and their start/stop frequencies are internally determined based on span, acquisition bandwidth, RBW, and other parameters.

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 73

Setting Description

Max Span Sets the span to the maximum value.

Auto checkbox Sets the Step Size and Dwell time automatically when checked.

Frequency, Start, Stop, and Span frequencies are correlated

General Signal Viewing

Changing the values for center frequency depending on which setting you change. For example, if you change the center frequency, the start and stop frequencies will be adjusted automatically to maintain the same span.

If, however, the start and stop frequencies are changed so that they are closer than the minimum span setting, the start and stop frequencies will be adjusted to maintain the minimum span setting.

Setting changed manually Settings changed automatically as a result Setting not automatically changed

Start Center, Span Stop

Stop Center, Span Start

Center Frequency Start, Stop Span

Span Start, Stop Center

, start frequency, stop frequency or span will change the values for the other settings,

Traces Tab

races Tab allows you to set the display characteristics of displayed traces.

The T

Setting Description

Trace Selects a trace. (This setting is not present for every display.)

Show Shows / hides the selected trace.

Detection Sets the Detection method used for the trace. Not available for saved traces. Available detection

methods are +Peak, -Peak, +/-Peak, A Not all detection methods are available in all displays.

(CISPR detection requires Option SVQPNL or SVQPFL.)

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 74

vg (VRMS), Sample, CISPR Avg, CISPR Pk, and CISPR QPk.

General Signal Viewing

Setting Description

Function Selects the trace processing method. Available settings are: Normal, Average, Max Hold, and Min

Hold.

Count Sets the number of traces averaged to generate the displayed trace. (Present only when Function is

verage, Min Hold, or Max Hold.)

set to A

Freeze Halts updates to the selected trace.

Save Trace As Saves the selected trace to a file for later recall and analysis.

Show Recalled trace Displays a saved trace instead of a live trace. When a trace is recalled, controls such as show, freeze,

function, and detection of trace will be disabled.

Trace

vailable traces for Spectrum are: Trace 1, Trace 2, Trace 3, Math, and Spectrogram. Other displays support fewer traces. Traces 1-3 are

A based on the input signal and enable you to display the input signal using different processing. For example, you could display Trace 1 with Function set to Normal, Trace 2 with Function set to Max Hold and Trace 3 with Function set to Min Hold.

The Math trace is the result of subtracting one trace from another.

The Spectrogram trace applies only to the Spectrum display and is available only if the Spectrogram display is shown. The Spectrogram trace shows the trace selected in the Spectrogram as a spectrum trace.

Detection

Trace Detection is used to reduce the results of a measurement to the desired number of trace points. For example, if the maximum number of trace points is 100,000, and a measurement over the selected analysis length yields 200,000 points, the measurement must decimate these 200,000 trace points by 2 to prevent exceeding the 100,000 trace point limit. Since only one value can be represented for each trace point, an algorithm must be used to select (detect) the appropriate value to use.

The results array from an analysis can be detected (or “decimated”) in a variety of ways. The number of results points produced for each trace point varies with both analysis length and trace length. For example, the frequency transform used for the Spectrum display produces just one output value for each desired trace point. In this case, the detection method chosen has no effect, as no decimation is required. Increasing the Analysis Length (or for the Spectrum display, the Spectrum Length), causes the available detection method's output traces to differ from each other because they have a larger set of samples for the various detection methods to process.

The available detection methods (depending on the display) are:

• +Peak – The highest value is selected from the results to be compressed into a trace point.

• -Peak – The lowest value is selected from the results to be compressed into a trace point.

• +/-Peak – Both the highest and lowest values are selected from the results to be compressed into a trace point.

• Avg (VRMS) [Average V includes. When displayed in either linear (Volts, Watts) or Log (dB, dBm), the correct RMS value results.

• Avg (of logs) – The detector is used to emulate legacy spectrum analyzer results and for the specification of displayed average noise level. In older swept analyzers, a voltage envelope detector is used in the process of measuring signal level, and the result is then converted to Watts and then to dBm. Averaging is then applied to the resultant traces.

] – Each point on the trace is the result of determining the RMS Voltage value for all of the results values it

RMS

For CW signals, this method results in an accurate power measurement. However, with random noise and digitally modulated carriers, errors result from this 'average of logs' method. For random noise, the average of logs methods results in power levels -2.51 dB lower

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than that measured with a power meter, or with a signal analyzer that measures the rms value of a signal, and performs averaging on the calculated power in W

This detector should be used when following a measurement procedure that specifies it, or when checking the Displayed Averaged Noise Level (DANL) of the instrument. The 'average of logs' detection and trace function is used for DANL specification to provide similar results to other spectrum/signal analyzers for comparison purposes. Use of the Average of Logs method of measurement is not recommended for digitally modulated carriers, as power measurement errors will occur.

atts and not dBm or other log-power units.

Note: The Detection setting does not af

• Sample – The first value is selected from the set of results to be compressed into a trace point.

• CISPR Peak – The trace value is calculated by the methods described for peak detectors in the CISPR documents.

• CISPR QPk – The trace value is calculated by the methods described for quasi peak detectors in the CISPR documents.

(Requires Option SVQPNL or SVQPFL.)

• CISPR A

(Requires Option SVQPNL or SVQPFL.)

vg – The trace value is calculated by the methods described for average detectors in the CISPR documents.

fect the trace until the spectrum length is longer than the Auto setting.

Trace Processing

Traces can be processed to display in different ways. The Function setting controls trace processing.

• Normal - Each new trace is displayed and then replaced by the next trace. Each data point contains a single vertical value.

• Average - Multiple traces are averaged together to generate the displayed trace, which will contain just one vertical value for each underlying frequency data point. Once the specified number of traces have been acquired and averaged to generate the displayed trace, additional traces contribute to the running average, except in Single Sequence run mode. In the case of Single Sequence, the instrument stops running after the specified number of traces have been averaged together. The Number of Traces setting specifies how many traces are averaged. The averaging is performed on the linear (Voltage) values, resulting in the correct RMS average).

• Max Hold - Displays the maximum value in the trace record for each display point. Each new trace's display point is compared to the previous maximum value and the greater value is retained for display and subsequent comparisons.

• Min Hold - Displays the minimum value in the trace record for each display point. Each new trace's display point is compared to the previous minimum value and the lesser value is retained for display and subsequent comparisons.

Saving Traces

To save a trace for later analysis:

1. Select the Save Trace As button. This displays the Save As dialog box.

2. Navigate to the desired folder or use the default.

3. Type a name for the saved trace and click Save.

Recalling Traces

You can recall a previously saved trace for analysis or comparison to a live trace.

To select a trace for recall:

1. Select the trace into which the recalled trace will be loaded, from the Trace drop-down list.

2. Check the Show check box.

3. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box.

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4. Navigate to the desired file and click Open.

5. Check the Show Recalled T

6. Verify that the trace's Show check box is selected (either on this tab or next to the drop-down list located at the top-left corner of the

graph).

race check box.

Traces tab - Math Trace

This tab is not a distinct tab, it is just how the Traces tab appears when Math is selected in the Traces drop-down list.

Trace 4 is a mathematically-derived trace defined as Trace A minus Trace B. You can select Trace 1, 2, or 3 to serve as either Trace A or Trace B.

Setting Description

Trace When set to Trace 4 (Math), this tab is displayed.

Show Shows / hides the selected trace.

Freeze Halts updates to the selected trace.

Save Trace As Saves the selected trace to a file for later recall and analysis.

Trace minus Trace Selects which traces serve as Trace A and Trace B.

BW Tab

The BW (bandwidth) tab allows you to change Resolution Bandwidth and V by the transform process by selecting a filter shape (not present for all displays).

ideo Bandwidth settings, and set the windowing method used

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Setting Description

RBW Sets the Resolution Bandwidth value to be used in the spectrum analysis view. The value is italicized

when Auto is selected.

Auto When Auto is checked, the RBW is calculated as a percentage of the Span. Kaiser is selected as

the windowing method. When Auto is unchecked, the RBW is set by the user other than Kaiser changes the RBW setting to manual.

Span/RBW ratio If Auto is checked, this value is used to calculate the RBW. If Auto is unchecked, this setting is not

selectable.

Filter Shape Specifies the windowing method used for the transform (when Auto is unchecked). (Spectrum and

Spectrogram displays only.)

VBW Adjusts the VBW (Video Bandwidth) value. (Spectrum and Spectrogram displays only.)

. Selecting any Window

Filter shape settings

In the analyzer Transform) are generally employed to transform time-domain signals into frequency-domain spectra. There is an assumption inherent in the mathematics of Discrete Fourier Transforms that the data to be processed is a single period of a periodically repeating signal. The discontinuities between successive frames will generally occur when the periodic extension is made to the signal. These artificial discontinuities generate spurious responses not present in the original signal, which can make it impossible to detect small signals in the presence of nearby large ones. This phenomenon is called spectral leakage.

Applying a filter, such as Kaiser, to the signal to be transformed is an effective method to combat the spectral leakage problem. Generally the filter has a bell shape. Multiplying the transform frame by the filter function eliminates or reduces the discontinuities at the ends of the frame, however, at the expense of increased RBW.

, computationally efficient discrete Fourier transform algorithms such as FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) or CZT (Chirp-Z

Filter shape characteristics

The choice of filter shape depends on its frequency response characteristics such as side-lobe level, equivalent noise bandwidth and maximum amplitude error. Use the following guidelines to select the best filter shape.

Filter Shape Characteristics

Kaiser (RBW) Best side-lobe level, shape factor closest to the traditional Gaussian RBW.

-6dB RBW (MIL) These filters are specified for bandwidth at their -6 dB point, as required by military EMI regulations.

CISPR These filters comply with the requirements specified in the P-CISPR 16 -1-1 document for EMI

measurements.

Blackman-Harris 4B Good side-lobe level.

Uniform (None) Best frequency resolution, poor side-lobe level and amplitude accuracy.

Flat-Top (CW ampl) Best amplitude accuracy, best representation of brief events captured near the beginning or end of the

time-domain data frame, poor frequency resolution.

Hanning Good frequency resolution, high side-lobe roll-off rate.

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VBW

General Signal Viewing

The VBW setting enables/disables the V the displayed signal. The VBW algorithm in the analyzer emulates the VBW filters of traditional swept analyzers.

The maximum VBW value is 10 times the current RBW setting. The minimum VBW value is 1/10,000 of the RBW setting. VBW is disabled when the Filter shape is set to CISPR.

Note: If you are following a procedure that says to "set VBW to three times the RBW value or greater", it means that the test should be conducted with no VBW ef

ideo Bandwidth filter. VBW is used in traditional swept analyzers to reduce the effect of noise on

fects. In the SignalVu-PC software, this condition is met by disabling the VBW function.

Scale Tab

The Scale tab values are unique to each display. Also, note that each display uses horizontal and vertical units that are appropriate for the display. For example, for the Spectrum display uses power (dBm) units and frequency (Hz) units; the Amplitude vs. Time display uses power (dBm) and time (seconds) units; and the Phase vs. Time display uses phase (degrees) and time (seconds) units.

. In effect, these controls operate like pan and zoom

Setting Description

Vertical Controls the vertical position and scale of the trace display.

Scale Changes the vertical scale.

Position Vertical position adjusts the reference level away from top of the graph.

Autoscale Resets the scale of the vertical axis to contain the complete trace.

Horizontal Controls the horizontal position and scale of the trace span of the trace display and position of the

trace.

Scale Changes the range shown between the left and right sides of the graph.

Position Changes the position of the acquisition record shown at the left edge of the graph.

Reset Scale Resets all settings to their default values.

Prefs Tab

The Prefs tab enables you to change parameters of the measurement display on the selected display, but include such items as enabling/disabling marker Readout and switching the Graticule display on/off.

. The parameters available on the Prefs tab vary depending

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Each of the General Signal Viewing displays maintains its own separate values for the controls that appear on the Prefs tab. Some parameters appear with most displays while others appear with only one display

For example, in the following image, the Show Marker readout in graph check box appears in the Prefs tab for every display. However, the Show Power Trigger level check box only appears on the Amplitude vs Time Prefs tab.

The following image shows the Prefs tab for the Time Overview display.

The following image shows the Prefs tab for the DPX display when DPXogram or Split is the selected view.

The following image shows the Prefs tab for the DPX display when Spectrum is the selected view.

The following table explains the controls that can appear on the Prefs tab.

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Setting Description

Show Sets the horizontal settings that appear below the graph area. You can select Start, Stop or Center,

Span.

Trace points Sets the number of trace points used for marker measurements and for results export.

Max trace points

ime Overview display only)

Show trace legend Enables display of a legend in the measurements area that shows the Detection method and Function

Show graticule Check to display the graticule. Uncheck to hide the graticule.

Navigator View

(Time Overview display only)

Show parameter readouts For the DPX display, enables/disables the display of DPX parameters. The parameters readout shows

Show Marker readout in graph (selected marker)

Show timestamp in graph (selected line)

Sets the maximum number of trace points used for marker measurements and for results export.

setting for displayed traces. The color of the legend text matches the color of the associated trace.

Places the Time Overview display across the top of the application window, above all other active displays.

100% Probability of Intercept, Transforms/s, and FFT Points.

For the Spectrum display, enables/disables display of Sweep speed and FFT Points.

Note: Using the Cable Loss, RL/DTF the Spectrum display can cause the sweep speed in Spectrum to be reduced. Closing the non-Spectrum display will return the sweep speed to the correct speed.

Shows or hides the readout for the selected marker in the graph area.

For spectrogram displays, this readout shows or hides the timestamp associated with the selected line or marker position.

, or Transmission Gain displays at the same time as

DPX shows only trigger frames For the DPX Spectrum display, check to show only trigger frames.

Show Power Trigger Level Displays or hides a green line in the graph that indicates the level at which the power trigger is set.

The line is not displayed if Trigger is set to Free Run.

Show parameter readouts for DPX Spectrum

The elements of the Show parameter readouts are:

100% POI

This is the minimum event duration required to ensure 100% Probability of Intercept or event capture. This duration depends on interaction between span, RBW of its captured amplitude being less than the actual signal.

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, and FFT length. You can use the POI time value to determine if you are at risk of either missing a narrow transient or

Table 9: Minimum signal duration for 100% probability of trigger at 100% amplitude

Minimum signal duration, 100% probability of intercept, Frequency-Mask and DPX density

Frequency-Mask and DPX signal processing

Span RBW (kHz) FFT length Spectrums/sec Standard

165 MHz 20000 1024 390,625 15.5 15.4

10000 1024 390,625 15.6 15.4

1000 1024 390,625 17.8 15.7

300 2048 195,313 23.4 16.3

100 8192 48,828 44.5 23.4

30 32768 12,207 161.9 91.7

trigger (μs)

Full amplitude -3 dB

General Signal Viewing

85 MHz 10000 1024 390,625 15.6 15.4

1000 1024 390,625 17.8 15.7

500 1024 390,625 20.2 15.9

300 1024 390,625 23.4 16.3

100 4096 97,656 44.5 23.4

30 16384 24,414 121.0 50.7

20 16384 24,414 161.0 55.6

40 MHz 5000 1024 390,625 15.8 15.4

1000 1024 390,625 17.8 15.7

300 1024 390,625 23.3 16.3

100 2048 195,313 39.4 18.3

30 4096 97,656 90.4 21.8

20 8192 48,828 140.7 36.3

10 16384 24,414 281.3 72.6

Table continued…

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Minimum signal duration, 100% probability of intercept, Frequency-Mask and DPX density

Frequency-Mask and DPX signal processing

Span RBW (kHz) FFT length Spectrums/sec Standard

25 MHz 3800 1024 390,625 16.0 15.4

1000 1024 390,625 17.7 15.7

300 1024 390,625 23.4 16.3

200 1024 390,625 27.4 16.8

trigger (μs)

Full amplitude -3 dB

Transforms/s

This is the number of transforms/second being performed by the DPX engine. It is a function of the selected resolution bandwidth and number of trace points. The desired RBW determines the number of points required in each transform, which alters the transform rate. Additionally selected resolution bandwidth.

, the selected trace length may place requirements on the number of points required in the transform independent of the

FFT Points

The approximate number of points in the FFT of the input signal. FFT points provides an indication of frequency resolution, but it is not an exact measurement. Note that higher numbers for FFT points mean that the instrument is taking a longer string of input samples for each FFT, which decreases the time resolution.

Table 10: Minimum FFT length versus trace length - independent of span and RBW

Trace length (points) Minimum FFT length

801 1,024

2,401 4,096

4,001 8,192

10,401 16,384

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Analog Modulation

Overview

The displays in Analog Modulation (Displays > Measurements > Analog Modulation) are:

•

• FM

• PM

The Analog Modulation displays provide measurements and time-domain trace displays.

AM Display

The Amplitude Modulation Display is a graph of Modulation Factor vs Time. The AM display includes three numeric readouts.

To show the AM display:

1. Select the Displays button or select Setup > Displays. This shows the Select Displays dialog box.

2. From the Measurements box, select Analog Modulation.

3. Double-click the AM icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the AM icon to the Selected displays box.

4. Click the OK button. This shows the AM display.

Elements of the Display

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Item Element Description

1 Check mark indicator The check mark indicator in the upper, left-hand corner of the display shows when the AM

display is the optimized display

2 Top of Graph Sets the %AM indicated at the top of the graph by increasing or decreasing the vertical

scale. Changing the top value af about vertical center. Also, note that the top of graph setting interacts with the internal vertical scale setting (which is not user settable).

3 Position Specifies the %AM shown at the center of the graph display.

4 Bottom Readout Displays the value of the modulation factor shown at the bottom of graph.

5 Measurement readouts Displays numeric values for the +AM (positive modulation factor), –AM (negative

modulation factor), and Total AM.

fects the bottom of graph value because the graph scales

6 Position Specifies the horizontal position of the trace on the graph display.

7 Scale Adjusts the horizontal range of the graph. By decreasing the scale (time across the entire

graph), the graph essentially becomes a window that you can move over the trace by adjusting the position.

8 Clear Erases the trace from the graph.

9 Trace Detection readout Displays the Settings > Trace > Detection setting.

Changing the AM Settings

AM Settings

Main menu bar: Setup > Settings

The AM Settings control panel provides access to settings that control parameters of the AM Display.

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Setting Description

Parameters Sets the Carrier Amplitude Detection method. You can choose either Average or Median.

Trace Sets Trace display parameters.

Scale Sets vertical and horizontal scale and position parameters.

Prefs Specifies whether or not certain display elements are shown. Specifies the maximum number of

points shown in the display graph.

Parameters Tab

The Parameters tab enables you to specify two parameters that control the carrier amplitude detection.

Setting Description

Average Selects the Average method for computing the average baseline for measurements.

Median Selects the Median method for computing the average baseline for measurements.

Measurement BW Specifies the bandwidth about the center frequency at which measurements are made.

AM Modulation

An amplitude modulated carrier can be described mathematically by:

A, in the above equation, represents the carrier amplitude, a(t) represents the time-varying modulation and ω0 represents the carrier frequency

The signal modulation envelope is given by:

There are several ways to express the AM modulation depth, expressed as a percentage.

Peak method

Trough Method

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Max-Min Method

In each case, the value of the carrier amplitude, A, needs to be estimated from the input signal.

The instrument represents signals in a sampled form. The sampled envelope can be expressed as a function of sample index K and sampling period T as:

The instrument allows the choice of two methods for estimating the carrier amplitude:

verage Method

Median Method

In both cases, the instrument computes the average and the median over the analysis period. It should be noted that the two methods give the same result for sinusoidal modulation where the sampling frequency is much higher than the modulation frequency

Trace Tab

The Trace Tab allows you to set the display characteristics of a trace.

Setting Description

Show Shows/hides the trace. If the instrument continues to run, the measurement results below the graph

display continue to update even if the trace is hidden.

Detection Sets the Detection method used for the trace. Available detection methods are +Peak, -Peak, and

Avg (VRMS). Not available for saved traces.

Function Selects the trace processing method. The only available setting is Normal.

Freeze Halts updates to the trace.

Save Trace As Saves the trace to a file for later recall and analysis.

Table continued…

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Setting Description

Show recalled trace Displays a saved trace instead of a live trace.

Detection

Detection refers to the method of processing the data acquisition points when creating a trace. The IQ samples in a data acquisition can be detected in a variety of ways. The number of IQ samples available to each trace point varies with both analysis length and trace length. For example, with Spectrum Length set to ‘Auto’ in the Analysis menu, the instrument analyzes just enough samples to produce one IQ sample pair per trace point. In this case, the detection method chosen has very little ef Changing the Spectrum Length causes the available detection methods to differ in value because they have a larger set of samples for the various detection methods to process.

The available detection methods are:

• +Peak – Each point on the trace is the result of detecting the positive peak value present in the set of IQ samples available to that trace point.

• -Peak – Each point on the trace is the result of detecting the negative peak value present in the set of IQ samples available to that trace point.

• Avg (VRMS) [Average V available to the trace point. When displayed in either linear (Volts, Watts) or Log (dB, dBm), the correct RMS value results. When the

averaging function is applied to a trace, the averaging is performed on the linear (Voltage) values, resulting in the correct average for RMS values.

] – Each point on the trace is the result of determining the RMS Voltage value for all of the IQ samples

RMS

fect, as the +Peak, -Peak, and Avg (VRMS) are all equal.

Trace Processing

Traces can be processed to display in different ways. The Detection setting controls trace decimation, when needed. When the trace points each cover more than one sample data point, the vertical results values for multiple data points are combined into each trace point. Each trace point ends up with a single vertical value.

• Average - Each trace point is computed by averaging together the multiple results points it represents.

• +Peak - Each trace point represents the highest vertical value among the results it includes.

• –Peak - Each trace point represents the lowest vertical value among the results it includes.

Saving Traces

To save a trace for later analysis:

1. Select the Save Trace As button. This displays the Save As dialog box.

2. Navigate to the desired folder or use the default.

3. Type a name for the saved trace and click Save.

Recalling Traces

You can recall a previously saved trace for analysis or comparison to a live trace.

To select a trace for recall:

1. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box.

2. Navigate to the desired file and click Open.

3. Check the Show Recalled Trace check box.

4. Verify that the Show check box is selected.

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Scale Tab

Setting Description

Vertical

Scale Changes the range shown between the top and bottom of the graph.

Position Adjusts the level shown at the center of the graph.

. In effect, these controls operate like pan and zoom

Autoscale Resets the Position so that the entire trace is in the graph.

Horizontal

Scale Changes the range shown between the left and right sides of the graph.

Position Adjusts the position of the acquisition record shown at the left edge of the graph.

Autoscale Resets the Scale and Position settings to provide the optimum display.

Prefs Tab

The Prefs tab enables you to change appearance characteristics of the AM display

Setting Description

Show graticule Shows or hides the graticule.

Show Marker readout in graph (selected marker)

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 89

Shows or hides the readout for the selected marker in the graph area.

Analog Modulation

Setting Description

Max trace points The trace in the AM display can be set to a maximum of 100,000 points (however, the actual number

of trace points can extend up to 500,000 points if Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). If the Analysis Length includes more than the selected Max trace points value, the trace is decimated (using the method specified with the Detection control) to be equal to or less than the Max trace points setting (except when Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). This decimated (or undecimated) trace is what is used for marker measurements and for results export.

FM Display

The Frequency Modulation Display shows Frequency Deviation vs. T seconds. When taking measurements, only the first burst in the Analysis period is analyzed. No trace points are shown for data outside the first detected burst, nor are measurements made on data outside the first detected burst.

To show the FM display:

1. Select the Displays button or select Setup > Displays. This shows the Select Displays dialog box.

2. From the Measurements box, select Analog Modulation.

3. Double-click the FM icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the FM icon to the Selected displays box.

4. Click the OK button. This shows the FM display.

ime. The vertical axis units are Hertz and the horizontal axis units are

Elements of the Display

Item Element Description

1 Check mark indicator The check mark indicator in the upper, left-hand corner of the display shows when the FM

display is the optimized display

Table continued…

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Item Element Description

2 Top of Graph control Sets the frequency indicated at the top of the graph. Since the Position value at the

vertical center of this graph remains constant as the T the Vertical Scale increases as the Top of Graph value increases, which also affects the bottom of graph readout. Vertical Scale can also be controlled from the Settings control panel's Scale tab.

3 Position Specifies the frequency shown at the center of the graph display. Changing this value

moves the trace up and down in the graph, which affects the Top of Graph and Bottom of Graph values as well.

4 Bottom of Graph Readout Displays the frequency value at the bottom of the graph.

5 Measurement readouts Displays numeric values for the +Pk (positive frequency deviation), –Pk (negative

frequency deviation), RMS (RMS value of the deviation), Pk-Pk (peak-to-peak frequency deviation), and Pk-Pk/2 (peak-to-peak frequency deviation divided by two).

6 Position Specifies the horizontal position of the trace on the graph display.

7 Scale Adjusts the time range of the graph. By decreasing the scale (full-scale time over

10 divisions), the graph essentially becomes a window that you can move over the acquisition record by adjusting the horizontal position.

op of Graph value is adjusted,

8 Clear Clears the trace and numeric measurement results.

9 Trace Detection readout Displays the Settings > Trace > Detection setting.

10 Freq Error This readout can show Freq Error or Freq Offset. When it displays Freq Error, it shows

the difference between the instrument Frequency setting and the measured value of the signal's carrier frequency. When it displays Freq Offset, it shows the frequency offset specified on the Settings > Parameters tab. If Freq Error is displayed, it also indicates that the Carrier frequency detection setting is Auto. If Freq Offset is displayed, it indicates that the Carrier frequency detection setting is manual.

Changing the FM Settings

FM Settings

Main menu bar: Setup > Settings

The FM Settings control panel provides access to settings that control parameters of the FM Display.

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Analog Modulation

Setting Description

Parameters Sets the burst detection threshold, measurement bandwidth, and carrier frequency detection method.

Trace Sets Trace display parameters.

Scale Sets vertical and horizontal scale and position parameters.

Prefs Specifies whether or not certain display elements are shown. Specifies the maximum number of

points shown in the display graph.

Parameters Tab

The Parameters tab enables you to specify parameters for carrier detection.

Setting Description

Burst detect threshold This parameter specifies the power level used to determine whether a burst is present. A valid burst

is required to take measurements. The burst detected first is used for the analysis. The units for burst detect threshold are dBc, relative to the maximum acquisition sample data points level.

Measurement BW Specifies the bandwidth about the center frequency at which measurements are made.

Frequency offset Displays the carrier signal's offset from the instrument's measurement frequency. Auto is used to

select the method for determining the carrier frequency determines the carrier frequency by analyzing the signal. When Auto is deselected, you can set the carrier frequency offset using Frequency Offset.

Load from Marker Pressing this button sets the frequency offset to the frequency offset of the selected marker. (Pressing

this button automatically deselects Auto.)

. When Auto is selected, the instrument

Frequency Offset

In Auto (Auto is selected), the instrument scans the measurement bandwidth about the measurement frequency and looks for the highest-powered signal. This is defined as the carrier frequency adding/subtracting the specified Frequency offset from the measurement frequency. Range: -(Measurement BW*1.1)/2 to +(Measurement BW*1.1)/2. If the Load from Marker button is pressed, the frequency offset is determined from the phase difference between the two markers on screen compared to the time between the two markers. This function is useful for removing frequency slope from the phase modulated signal.

. In Manual (Auto is deselected), the carrier frequency is specified by

Load from Marker

When the Auto check box is selected, the instrument scans the measurement bandwidth about the center frequency and looks for the highest-powered signal. This is defined as the carrier frequency. When the Auto check box is deselected, the carrier frequency is specified

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Analog Modulation

by adding/subtracting the specified Frequency offset from the center frequency. Pressing the Load from Marker button loads the marker frequency into the Frequency of

fset box.

Trace Tab

The Trace Tab allows you to set the display characteristics of displayed traces.

Setting Description

Show Shows / hides the trace. If the instrument continues to run, the measurement results below the graph

display continue to update even if the trace is hidden.

Detection Sets the Detection method used for the trace. Available detection methods are +Peak, -Peak, and

vg (VRMS). Not available for saved traces.

Function Selects the trace processing method. The only available setting is Normal.

Freeze Halts updates to the trace.

Save Trace As Saves the trace to a file for later recall and analysis.

Show Recalled trace Displays a saved trace instead of a live trace.

Detection

The available detection methods are:

• +Peak – Each point on the trace is the result of detecting the positive peak value present in the set of IQ samples available to that trace point.

• -Peak – Each point on the trace is the result of detecting the negative peak value present in the set of IQ samples available to that trace point.

• Avg (VRMS) [Average V available to the trace point. When displayed in either linear (Volts, Watts) or Log (dB, dBm), the correct RMS value results. When the

averaging function is applied to a trace, the averaging is performed on the linear (Voltage) values, resulting in the correct average for RMS values.

] – Each point on the trace is the result of determining the RMS Voltage value for all of the IQ samples

RMS

fect, as the +Peak, -Peak, and Avg (VRMS) are all equal.

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Trace Processing

races can be processed to display in different ways. The Function setting controls trace processing.

• Normal - Each new trace is displayed and then replaced by the next trace. Each data point contains a single vertical value.

• Average - Each trace point is computed by averaging together the multiple results points it represents.

• +Peak - Each trace point represents the highest vertical value among the results it includes.

• –Peak - Each trace point represents the lowest vertical value among the results it includes.

Saving Traces

To save a trace for later analysis:

1. Select the Save Trace As button. This displays the Save As dialog box.

2. Navigate to the desired folder or use the default.

3. Type a name for the saved trace and click Save.

Recalling Traces

You can recall a previously saved trace for analysis or comparison to a live trace.

To select a trace for recall:

1. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box.

2. Navigate to the desired file and click Open.

3. Check the Show Recalled Trace check box.

4. Verify that the Show check box is selected.

Scale Tab

Setting Description

Vertical

Scale Changes the range shown between the top and bottom of the graph.

Position Adjusts the frequency shown at the center of the graph.

Autoscale Resets the Position so that the entire trace fits within the graph.

Horizontal

Table continued…

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Setting Description

Scale Changes the range shown between the left and right sides of the graph.

Position Adjusts the position of the acquisition record shown at the left edge of the graph.

Autoscale Resets the Scale and Position settings to provide the optimum display.

Prefs Tab

Analog Modulation

The Prefs tab enables you to change appearance characteristics of the FM display

Setting Description

Show graticule Shows or hides the graticule.

Show Marker readout in graph (selected marker)

Max trace points The trace in the FM display can be set to a maximum of 100,000 points (however, the actual number

Shows or hides the readout for the selected marker in the graph area.

PM Display

The Phase Modulation Display shows Phase vs. T taking measurements, only the first burst in the Analysis period is analyzed. No trace points are shown for data outside the first detected burst, nor are measurements made on data outside the first detected burst.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 95

ime. The vertical axis units are degrees and the horizontal axis units are seconds. When

Elements of the Display

Analog Modulation

Item Element Description

1 Check mark indicator The check mark indicator in the upper, left-hand corner of the display shows when the PM

display is the optimized display

2 Top of Graph control Sets the phase value indicated at the top of the graph. Since the Position value at the

3 Position Specifies the phase shown at the center of the graph display. Changing this value moves

the trace up and down in the graph, which affects the Top of Graph and Bottom of Graph values as well.

4 Bottom of Graph Readout Displays the phase value at the bottom of the graph.

5 Measurement readouts Displays numeric values for the +Pk (positive phase deviation), –Pk (negative phase

deviation), Pk-Pk (peak-to-peak phase deviation), and RMS (RMS value of the phase deviation).

op of Graph value is adjusted,

6 Position Specifies the horizontal position of the trace on the graph display.

7 Scale Adjusts the time range of the graph. By decreasing the scale (full-scale time over

10 divisions), the graph essentially becomes a window that you can move over the acquisition record by adjusting the horizontal position.

Table continued…

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 96

Analog Modulation

Item Element Description

8 Clear Clears the measurement results.

9 Trace Detection readout Displays the Trace Detection setting (see Settings > Trace > Detection).

10 Freq Error This readout can show Freq Error or Freq Offset. When it displays Freq Error, it shows

ference between the instrument Frequency setting and the measured value of the

the dif signal's carrier frequency. When it displays Freq Offset, it shows the frequency offset specified on the Settings > Parameters tab. If Freq Error is displayed, it also indicates that the Carrier frequency detection setting is Auto. If Freq Offset is displayed, it indicates that the Carrier frequency detection setting is manual.

Changing the PM Settings

PM Settings

Main menu bar: Setup > Settings

The PM Settings control panel provides access to settings that control parameters of the PM Display.

Setting Description

Parameters Sets the Carrier Frequency Detection method. You can choose either Automatic or Manual. Sets burst

threshold and phase detection method.

Trace Sets Trace display parameters.

Scale Sets vertical and horizontal scale and position parameters.

Prefs Specifies whether or not certain display elements are shown. Specifies the maximum number of

points shown in the display graph.

Parameters Tab

The Parameters tab enables you to specify parameters that control the carrier frequency and phase detection.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 97

Analog Modulation

Setting Description

Burst detect threshold Specifies the power level used to determine whether a burst is present. A valid burst is required

to take measurements. The burst detected first is used for the analysis. The units for burst detect threshold are dBc, relative to the maximum acquisition sample data points level.

Measurement BW Specifies the bandwidth about the center frequency at which measurements are made.

Frequency offset Displays the carrier signal's frequency offset from the instrument's Measurement Frequency. Auto

is used to select the method for determining the carrier frequency instrument determines the carrier frequency by analyzing the signal. When Auto is deselected, you can set the carrier frequency offset using Frequency Offset.

. When Auto is selected, the

Load Δ from Marker Pressing this button disables the Auto Frequency Offset function and sets the Frequency offset to the

frequency offset calculated from the difference between MR (the marker reference) and the selected marker (or M1 if MR is currently the selected marker).

Phase offset Displays the phase offset. When Auto is selected, the instrument determines the phase offset. When

Auto is deselected, the user sets the phase offset with this control.

Load from marker Pressing this button sets the phase offset to the phase offset of the selected marker. (Pressing this

button automatically deselects Auto.)

Frequency Offset

In Auto (Auto is selected), the instrument scans the measurement bandwidth about the Measurement Frequency and looks for the highest-powered signal. This is defined as the carrier frequency adding/subtracting the specified Frequency offset from the Measurement Frequency. Range: -(Measurement BW*1.1)/2 to +(Measurement BW*1.1)/2. If the Load Δ from marker button is pressed, the frequency offset is determined from the phase difference between the two markers on screen compared to the time between the two markers. This function is useful for removing frequency slope from the phase modulated signal.

. In Manual (Auto is deselected), the carrier frequency is specified by

Phase Offset

In Auto (Auto is selected), the instrument sets the phase offset to fit the waveform to the screen centering 0° phase on the vertical axis. The actual phase offset is indicated on the Phase Offset readout. In Manual (Auto is deselected), the instrument sets the phase offset using the value specified in Phase offset. For example, when Phase offset is set to 10°, the waveform shifts upward by 10° on screen. Selecting Load from marker sets the phase offset to the value of the selected marker. Range: –180 to +180°.

Trace Tab

The Traces Tab allows you to set the display characteristics of displayed traces.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 98

Analog Modulation

Setting Description

Show Shows / hides the trace. If the instrument continues to run, the measurement results below the graph

display continue to update even if the trace is hidden.

Detection Sets the Detection method used for the trace. Available detection methods are +Peak, -Peak, and

vg (VRMS). Not available for saved traces.

Function Selects the trace processing method. The only available setting is Normal.

Freeze Halts updates to the trace.

Save Trace As Saves the trace to a file for later recall and analysis.

Show Recalled trace Displays a saved trace instead of a live trace.

Detection

The available detection methods are:

• +Peak – Each point on the trace is the result of detecting the positive peak value present in the set of IQ samples available to that trace point.

• -Peak – Each point on the trace is the result of detecting the negative peak value present in the set of IQ samples available to that trace point.

• Avg (VRMS) [Average V available to the trace point. When displayed in either linear (Volts, Watts) or Log (dB, dBm), the correct RMS value results. When the

averaging function is applied to a trace, the averaging is performed on the linear (Voltage) values, resulting in the correct average for RMS values.

] – Each point on the trace is the result of determining the RMS Voltage value for all of the IQ samples

RMS

fect, as the +Peak, -Peak, and Avg (VRMS) are all equal.

Trace Processing

Traces can be processed to display in different ways. The Function setting controls trace processing.

• Normal - Each new trace is displayed and then replaced by the next trace. Each data point contains a single vertical value.

• Average - Each trace point is computed by averaging together the multiple results points it represents.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 99

• +Peak - Each trace point is represents the highest vertical value among the results it includes.

• –Peak - Each trace point is represents the lowest vertical value among the results it includes.

Analog Modulation

Saving T

To save a trace for later analysis:

1. Select the Save Trace As button. This displays the Save As dialog box.

2. Navigate to the desired folder or use the default.

3. Type a name for the saved trace and click Save.

races

Recalling Traces

You can recall a previously saved trace for analysis or comparison to a live trace.

To select a trace for recall:

1. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box.

2. Navigate to the desired file and click Open.

3. Check the Show Recalled Trace check box.

4. Verify that the Show check box is selected.

Scale Tab

Setting Description

Vertical

Scale Changes the range shown between the top and bottom of the graph.

Position Adjusts the phase shown at the center of the graph.

Autoscale Resets the Position so that the entire trace in the graph.

Horizontal

Scale Changes the range shown between the left and right sides of the graph.

Position Adjusts the phase shown at the left edge of the graph.

Autoscale Resets the Scale and Position settings to show the entire trace within the graph.

SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help 100

Tektronix SignalVu Vector Signal Analysis Software Help User manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Table of Contents

Get Started

Welcome

Options

Available product documentation

Video tutorials

How to manage the 5GNR analysis license

Connecting Signals and Selecting the Analysis Channel

Front-panel controls

Touch Screen Actions

Elements of the Display

Restoring Default Settings

Presets

Setting Options

Measurements

Selecting Displays

Available Measurements

General Signal Viewing

Overview

Time Overview Display

Navigator View

Trace Tab

Spectrum Display

Spectrum Settings

Scale Tab

Spectrogram Display

Spectrogram Settings

Trace Tab

Amplitude Scale Tab

Time & Freq Scale Tab

Amplitude Vs Time Display

Amplitude Vs Time Settings

Freq & BW Tab

Frequency Vs Time Display

Phase Vs Time Display

RF I & Q vs Time Display

Common Controls General Signal Viewing Shared Measurement Settings

Freq & BW Tab — Freq vsTime, Phase vs Time, RF I & Q vs Time Display

Freq & Span Tab

Traces Tab

Traces tab - Math Trace

BW Tab

Scale Tab

Prefs Tab

Analog Modulation

Overview

AM Display

AM Settings

Parameters Tab

Trace Tab

Scale Tab

Prefs Tab

FM Display

FM Settings

Parameters Tab

Trace Tab

Scale Tab

Prefs Tab

PM Display

PM Settings

Parameters Tab

Trace Tab

Scale Tab