Tektronix Series 3400 Pulse Pattern Generators User's Manual User manual
www.keithley.com
A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE
Series 3400 Pulse Pattern Generators
User’s Manual
3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007
WARRANTY
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of
1 year from date of shipment.
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables,
rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.
During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective.
To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley Instruments representative, or contact
Keithley Instruments headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio. You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions.
Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product
returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original
warranty period, or at least 90 days.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley Instruments’ express
written consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software,
non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow
instructions.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES
PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.
NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF
ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS BEEN ADVISED IN
ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT
ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT
OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.
A G R E A T E R M E A S U R E O F C O N F I D E N C E
Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Corporate Headquarters • 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139
440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168 • 1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) • www.keithley.com
12/06
Series 3400
Pulse/Pattern Generators
User’s Manual
©2007, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Document Number:
All rights reserved.
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007
Manual Print History Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual
Manual Print History
The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this
manual. The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent
updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change information that the
user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially. When a new
Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated
into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page.
Revision A (Document Number 3400S-900-01)..................................................... July 2006
Revision B (Document Number 3400S-900-01)...............................................January 2007
All Keithley Instruments product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007
The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although
some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous
conditions may be present.
This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions
required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using
the product. Refer to the manual for complete product specifications.
If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product may be impaired.
The types of product users are:
Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the
equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.
Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the
instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.
Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line
voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The procedures explicitly state
if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.
Safety Precautions
Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly
trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.
Keithley Instruments products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Measurement Category I and
Measurement Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most
measurement, control, and data I/O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or
to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages. Measurement Category II connections require protection for high transient
over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are
for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the Manual.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test
fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than
30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any
unknown circuit before measuring.
Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators
are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential
human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock.
If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.
Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources.
NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to
limit fault current and voltage to the card.
Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the
connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.
12/06
When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input
!
power disconnect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.
For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under
test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting
cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.
Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground.
Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being
measured.
The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the
equipment may be impaired.
Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating
information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.
When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use
of a lid interlock.
If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.
The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.
The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of
normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.
The symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot. Avoid personal contact to prevent burns.
The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.
The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated
information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the
warranty.
Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits, including the power transformer,
test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety
approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related may be purchased
from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only
through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a
replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.
To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply
cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with
no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled
according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the
factory for proper cleaning/servicing.
Table of Contents
Section Topic Page
1 Pulse/Pattern Generators Overview .................................................. 1-1
Series 3400 summary ................................................................................. 1-2
Features................................................................................................ 1-2
Basic pulse parameters............................................................................... 1-3
Pulse level parameters ......................................................................... 1-4
Pulse timing and triggering parameters................................................ 1-5
Operating modes......................................................................................... 1-5
Pulse mode........................................................................................... 1-5
Burst mode ........................................................................................... 1-5
Pattern mode ........................................................................................ 1-6
External Width mode ............................................................................ 1-7
Additional pulse characteristics................................................................... 1-8
Duty cycle ............................................................................................. 1-8
Interchannel delay (skew)..................................................................... 1-8
Jitter ...................................................................................................... 1-9
Distortion............................................................................................... 1-9
2 Getting Started........................................................................................ 2-1
General information..................................................................................... 2-2
Warranty information ............................................................................ 2-2
Keithley Instruments website – contact information.............................. 2-2
Inspection ............................................................................................. 2-2
Options and accessories ...................................................................... 2-2
Front and rear panel familiarization............................................................. 2-3
Front panel............................................................................................ 2-3
Rear panel ............................................................................................ 2-4
Power-up..................................................................................................... 2-5
Ventilation............................................................................................. 2-5
Display ........................................................................................................ 2-6
Editing parameter values and settings.................................................. 2-8
Defaults ....................................................................................................... 2-9
3 Signal Connections ............................................................................... 3-1
Introduction ................................................................................................. 3-2
Out 1 and Out 2 connections ...................................................................... 3-2
Trig Out and Ext In connections.................................................................. 3-3
Strobe Out connection................................................................................. 3-4
Clk In connections....................................................................................... 3-4
Ref Out and Ref In connections .................................................................. 3-5
Table of Contents Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual
Section Topic Page
4 Pulse/Pattern Generators Operation................................................. 4-1
Pulse, Burst and External Width operation ................................................. 4-3
Pulse mode .......................................................................................... 4-4
Burst mode ........................................................................................... 4-6
External Width mode ............................................................................ 4-7
Pattern operation ........................................................................................ 4-8
Saving and recalling setups ...................................................................... 4-12
Saving a setup.................................................................................... 4-12
Recalling a setup................................................................................ 4-12
Returning to default settings............................................................... 4-12
Pulse/pattern parameters.......................................................................... 4-13
Ampl – amplitude................................................................................ 4-13
Bit # .................................................................................................... 4-14
Block................................................................................................... 4-14
Brst Cnt – burst count......................................................................... 4-14
Cal – calibration.................................................................................. 4-14
ChAdd (3402 only) – channel add...................................................... 4-15
Channel .............................................................................................. 4-15
ClkIn – clock input .............................................................................. 4-15
Delay .................................................................................................. 4-15
Display................................................................................................ 4-16
Double ................................................................................................ 4-16
Edit ..................................................................................................... 4-16
Emul – emulation................................................................................ 4-16
ExtIn – external input.......................................................................... 4-17
Format ................................................................................................ 4-17
Freq – frequency ................................................................................ 4-17
GPIBAdd – GPIB address .................................................................. 4-17
Hi Cur – high current limit................................................................... 4-17
HiLvl – high level ................................................................................ 4-18
Hi Volt – high voltage limit .................................................................. 4-18
IOPort – I/O port (interface)................................................................ 4-18
I/V – current or voltage ....................................................................... 4-18
LeadE – leading edge ........................................................................ 4-18
Length ................................................................................................ 4-19
LoadZ – load impedance.................................................................... 4-20
Lo Cur – low current limit.................................................................... 4-21
LoLvl – low level ................................................................................. 4-21
Lo Volt – low voltage limit ................................................................... 4-21
Offset.................................................................................................. 4-21
On/Off (limits) ..................................................................................... 4-22
Per – period........................................................................................ 4-22
PerSrc – period source....................................................................... 4-22
Pol – polarity....................................................................................... 4-23
PLLRef – PLL reference..................................................................... 4-23
PRBS n – pseudo random bit sequence ........................................... 4-23
Recall ................................................................................................. 4-24
Save ................................................................................................... 4-24
SrcZ – source impedance .................................................................. 4-24
System ............................................................................................... 4-24
TrailE – trailing edge........................................................................... 4-24
TrgFreq – trigger frequency................................................................ 4-25
TrgMode – trigger mode ..................................................................... 4-25
TrigPer – trigger period....................................................................... 4-25
TrgSlope – trigger slope ..................................................................... 4-25
TrgSrc – trigger source....................................................................... 4-26
Update................................................................................................ 4-26
Width .................................................................................................. 4-26
ii 3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007
Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual Table of Contents
Section Topic Page
5 Triggering................................................................................................. 5-1
Triggering overview..................................................................................... 5-2
Double pulse ........................................................................................ 5-2
Period source (PerSrc)......................................................................... 5-2
Trigger source (TrgSrc) ........................................................................ 5-3
Trigger Out and Strobe Out .................................................................. 5-3
PLL reference (PLLRef) ...................................................................... 5-3
Continuous.................................................................................................. 5-4
Continuous Pulse mode ....................................................................... 5-4
Continuous Burst mode........................................................................ 5-4
Continuous Pattern mode..................................................................... 5-5
Triggered..................................................................................................... 5-6
Triggered Pulse mode .......................................................................... 5-6
Triggered Burst mode........................................................................... 5-8
Triggered Pattern mode...................................................................... 5-10
Gated ........................................................................................................ 5-13
Gated Pulse mode.............................................................................. 5-13
Gated Burst mode .............................................................................. 5-14
Gated Pattern mode ........................................................................... 5-16
External Width........................................................................................... 5-17
User Interface and remote programming mapping ................................... 5-18
6 Remote Programming........................................................................... 6-1
Introduction ................................................................................................. 6-2
Remote interfaces....................................................................................... 6-2
Selecting an interface........................................................................... 6-2
IEEE-488 interface ............................................................................... 6-2
USB interface ....................................................................................... 6-3
Status model ............................................................................................... 6-4
Status register sets............................................................................... 6-5
Status byte and service request (SRQ) ................................................ 6-5
Standard Event Status Register ........................................................... 6-6
Operation Status group ........................................................................ 6-7
Questionable Status group ................................................................... 6-7
Service request programming example................................................ 6-7
Common commands................................................................................... 6-7
Command summary ............................................................................. 6-7
Command examples ............................................................................ 6-8
SCPI command reference........................................................................... 6-9
Command summary ............................................................................. 6-9
Command descriptions....................................................................... 6-14
Appendix Topic Page
A Specifications............................................................................................ A-1
Index I-1
3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007 iii
Table of Contents Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual
This page left blank intentionally.
iv 3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007
List of Figures
Section Figure Title Page
1 Figure 1-1 Default pulse level and timing parameter settings
(Pulse mode, continuous triggering) .............................................. 1-3
Figure 1-2 Example output pattern for RZ and NRZ data formats................... 1-6
Figure 1-3 External Width mode ...................................................................... 1-7
Figure 1-4 Example of 50% duty cycle ............................................................ 1-8
Figure 1-5 Interchannel delay (skew) .............................................................. 1-8
Figure 1-6 Distortion – Preshoot, overshoot and ringing ................................. 1-9
2 Figure 2-1 Front panel familiarization (Model 3402-F)..................................... 2-3
Figure 2-2 Rear panel familiarization (Model 3402-R)..................................... 2-4
Figure 2-3 VOLTS menu options (default parameters).................................... 2-6
3 Figure 3-1 Out 1 and Out 2 connections ......................................................... 3-2
Figure 3-2 Trig Out connections ...................................................................... 3-3
Figure 3-3 Ext In connections.......................................................................... 3-3
Figure 3-4 Strobe Out connections.................................................................. 3-4
Figure 3-5 Clk In connections.......................................................................... 3-4
Figure 3-6 Ref Out and Ref In connections ..................................................... 3-5
4 Figure 4-1 Select operating mode .................................................................. 4-3
Figure 4-2 Configure Pulse mode parameters ............................................... 4-4
Figure 4-3 Configure triggering ....................................................................... 4-5
Figure 4-4 Setting Burst mode count............................................................... 4-6
Figure 4-5 PATTERN menu ........................................................................... 4-8
Figure 4-6 Block soft key options ................................................................... 4-9
Figure 4-7 Insert bit and delete bit examples ................................................ 4-10
Figure 4-8 Series 3400 output diagrams ....................................................... 4-20
Figure 4-9 Polarity ......................................................................................... 4-23
List of Figures Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual
Section Figure Title Page
5 Figure 5-1 Continuous Pulse mode ................................................................ 5-4
Figure 5-2 Continuous Burst mode ................................................................ 5-5
Figure 5-3 Continuous Pattern mode............................................................. 5-6
Figure 5-4 Triggered Pulse mode (positive slope) ......................................... 5-7
Figure 5-5 Triggered Pulse mode (negative slope) ........................................ 5-7
Figure 5-6 Triggered Pulse mode (positive and negative slope) .................... 5-8
Figure 5-7 Triggered Burst mode (VCO period source) ................................. 5-9
Figure 5-8 Triggered Burst mode (PLL or ClkIn period source) .................... 5-10
Figure 5-9 Triggered Pattern mode (VCO period source) ............................ 5-11
Figure 5-10 Triggered Pattern mode (PLL or ClkIn period source) ................ 5-12
Figure 5-11 Gated Pulse mode (VCO period source) .................................... 5-13
Figure 5-12 Gated Pulse mode (PLL or ClkIn period source) ........................ 5-14
Figure 5-13 Gated Burst mode (VCO period source) ..................................... 5-15
Figure 5-14 Gated Burst mode (PLL or ClkIn period source)......................... 5-15
Figure 5-15 Triggered Pattern mode (VCO period source) ............................ 5-16
Figure 5-16 Triggered Pattern mode (PLL or ClkIn period source) ................ 5-17
6 Figure 6-1 IEEE-488 and USB connector locations on rear panel.................. 6-3
Figure 6-2 Status model .................................................................................. 6-4
vi 3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007
List of Tables
Section Table Title Page
1 Table 1-1 Pulse level parameters................................................................... 1-4
Table 1-2 Pulse timing and triggering parameters.......................................... 1-5
2 Table 2-1 Menu summary .............................................................................. 2-7
Table 2-2 Power-on defaults .......................................................................... 2-9
4 Table 4-1 Pulse mode triggering .................................................................... 4-5
Table 4-2 Burst mode triggering..................................................................... 4-6
Table 4-3 External Width mode triggering...................................................... 4-7
Table 4-4 PRBS length settings ................................................................... 4-11
Table 4-5 Pattern mode triggering................................................................ 4-11
Table 4-6 Soft key parameters ..................................................................... 4-13
Table 4-7 Programmed voltage vs. actual voltage (VDUT)
for DUT impedance variations...................................................... 4-21
5 Table 5-1 Triggering summary ....................................................................... 5-2
Table 5-2 Mapping for User Interface settings and remote
programming commands ............................................................. 5-18
6 Table 6-1 Status Byte Register and Service Request Enable Register bits ... 6-6
Table 6-2 Standard Event Status Register bits............................................... 6-6
Table 6-3 Common commands ...................................................................... 6-7
Table 6-4 SCPI command summary ............................................................ 6-10
Table 6-5 :ARM:SOUR source selections.................................................... 6-17
Table 6-6 :DIG:PATT:DATA[1|2|3]................................................................. 6-19
Table 6-7 :TRIG:SOUR ................................................................................ 6-42
List of Tables Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual
This page left blank intentionally.
viii 3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007
In this section:
Top ic Page
Series 3400 summary ................................................................... 1-2
Basic pulse parameters .................................................................... 1-3
Operating modes............................................................................... 1-5
Section 1
Pulse/Pattern Generators Overview
Features........................................................................................ 1-2
Pulse level parameters ................................................................. 1-4
Pulse timing and triggering parameters ........................................ 1-5
Pulse mode................................................................................... 1-5
Burst mode ................................................................................... 1-5
Pattern mode ................................................................................ 1-6
External Width mode .................................................................... 1-7
Additional pulse characteristics ...................................................... 1-8
Duty cycle ..................................................................................... 1-8
Interchannel delay (skew)............................................................. 1-8
Jitter .............................................................................................. 1-9
Distortion....................................................................................... 1-9
Section 1: Pulse/Pattern Generators Overview Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual
Series 3400 summary
The Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators, currently available in two basic models, offer extensive
control over pulse parameters - including amplitude, offset, leading and trailing edge times, pulse
width and duty cycle. The Model 3401 is a single-channel, 165MHz pulse/pattern generator; the
Model 3402 is similar, but includes a second signal output channel.
NOTE Each basic model is available with connectors located on the front panel (Model 3401-F
and Model 3402-F) or with all connectors located on the rear panel (Model 3401-R and
Model 3402-R).
The operational flexibility and pattern generation capability of the Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern
Generators makes them readily suitable to the specific needs of many different applications,
including simplified simulation of serial data patterns when testing devices to characterize their
performance under sub-optimal conditions.
Features
• Frequency Output Range: 1mHz to 165MHz
• Pulse Amplitude: ±10V (50Ω source impedance)
±20V (1kΩ source impedance)
• Pulse Width: Programmable from 3.02ns to (Period - 3.02ns)
• Leading and Trailing Edge Times: Programmable from 2.0ns to 200ms
• Pulse output programmable as voltage or current
• Four Operating Modes: Pulse mode
Burst mode
Pattern mode
External Width mode
• Channel Add (Model 3402 only): Make complex waveforms by adding pulse output for
Channel 1 and Channel 2
• Internal PLL and VCO period sources
• Save up to nine pulse/pattern generator setups in non-volatile memory
• GPIB and USB interfaces
• 2U full-rack design
1-2 Return to Section Topics 3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007
Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual Section 1: Pulse/Pattern Generators Overview
Ampl
(Amplitude)
1Vpp
Width
+500mV
-500mV
Per
(Period)
LeadE
(Leading Edge)
2.5ns
Trigger
Delay
0ps
0V
HiLvl
(High
Level)
LoLvl
(Low Level)
Offset
(Median)
100ns
1µs
Freq
(Frequency)
1MHz
SrcZ (Source Impedance) = 50W
LoadZ (Load Impedance) = 50W
LeadE
(Leading Edge)
2.5ns
TrailE
(Trailing Edge)
2.5ns
Time Parameters
Not Drawn To Scale
Basic pulse parameters
On power-up, the instrument is in the Pulse mode with continuous triggering selected. When a
channel is enabled, it will continuously output pulses.
Figure 1-1 shows the first two pulses of the continuous pulse output. Shown are the fundamental
default settings. The parameter names in italic correspond to the parameter names in the front
panel VOLTS and TIME menus.
Figure 1-1
Default pulse level and timing parameter settings (Pulse mode, continuous triggering)
3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007 Return to Section Topics 1-3
The basic pulse level, timing and triggering parameters are summarized in Table 1-1 and
Table 1-2. The last column (“yes” or “no”) in the two tables does not apply to the Model 3401.
Section 1: Pulse/Pattern Generators Overview Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual
Pulse level parameters
Table 1-1
Pulse level parameters
Independent
Channel
Settings*
Parameter Description
Output Function Configure pulse output as Current or Voltage. Yes
Source Impedance Set the source impedance of the Series 3400 for 50 Ohms or 1k Ohms. Ye s
Load Impedance The allowable setting ranges for pulse parameters are specified for a
Ω load. However, the load impedance setting of the Series 3400 can
50
be set to match the impedance of the DUT. Load impedance can be set
from 0.1 Ohm to 1M Ohm.
High Level
Low Level
Amplitude Amplitude is the low-to-high magnitude of the pulse. The Amplitude
Offset Offset is the median (average) value of the high and low levels:
Polarity Polarity can be set to Norm (normal) or Comp (complement).
Channel Add 3402 Only – Enable or Disable Channel Add. When enabled, Channel
Pulse Level Limits To protect DUT, high and low limits can be set for pulse output. Limits
* Yes = The parameter can be independently set for each of the two channels of the Model 3402.
No = The parameter setting applies to both channels of the Model 3402.
Configure the pulse high/low levels by setting the High Level and the
Low Level. Setting range depends on the source impedance setting:
50Ω into 50Ω: 0 to ±10V (or 0 to ±200mA)
1kΩ into 50Ω: 0 to ±20V (or 0 to ±400mA)
Changing the high and/or low level may change the amplitude and
offset.
setting range depends on the source impedance setting:
50Ω into 50Ω: 100mV to 10Vpp (or 2mApp to 200mApp)
1kΩ into 50Ω: 200mV to 20Vpp (or 4mApp to 400mApp)
Changing the amplitude will change the high and low levels. Offset is
not affected.
Offset = (High Level + Low Level) / 2.
The offset can be set to any value that allows the pulse to fit within the
level window. For a 100mVpp amplitude, offset can be programmed up
to 9.95V.
Changing the offset will change the high and/or low levels. Amplitude is
not affected.
Complement means that the pulse transitions from the High Level to
the Low Level.
1 pulse output is added to Channel 2 pulse output. The complex result
is available on channel 1; Channel 2 is disabled.
can be enabled (On) or disabled (Off). The Hi Lim and Lo Lim setting
ranges are the same as the setting ranges for High Level and Low
Level.
(3402 only)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
1-4 Return to Section Topics 3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007
Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual Section 1: Pulse/Pattern Generators Overview
Pulse timing and triggering parameters
Table 1-2
Pulse timing and triggering parameters
Independent
Channel
Settings*
Parameter Description
Frequency
Period
Width Pulse width is measured at the 50% amplitude level of the pulse. Width
Delay A delay between the trigger event and the start of each pulse can be set
Leading Edge
Trailing Edge
Pulse Number With Single pulse selected, one pulse per period will be output. With
Period Source The source for period generation can be PLL, VCO or an external clock
Trigger Source Select the trigger source to start pulse output: ExtIn (external input),
Trigger Mode Select the trigger mode: Cont (continuous), Trig’ d (triggered) or Gated. No
Trigger Frequency
Trigger Period
* Yes = The parameter can be independently set for each of the two channels of the Model 3402.
No = The parameter setting applies to both channels of the Model 3402.
Pulse cycle time can be set as frequency or period. Frequency can be
set from 1mHz to 165MHz. Period can be set from 6.06ns to 1000s.
can be set from 3.02ns to (Period - 3.02ns).
from 0 to (Period - 3.02ns).
Time intervals between corresponding 10% and 90% amplitude points
on the leading/trailing edge of the pulse. Leading and trailing edge
times (LeadE and Trai lE) can be individually set from 2ns to 200ms.
Double pulse selected, two pulses per period will be output.
input (ClkIn).
PLL or Manual.
Trigger speed for the PLL trigger source can be set as frequency or
period. Trigger Frequency can be set from 1mHz to 165MHz. Trigger
Period can be set from 6.06ns to 1000s.
(3402 only)
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Operating modes
The Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators have four operating modes: Pulse mode, Burst mode,
Pattern mode and External Width mode.
Pulse mode
Outputs a single pulse or continuous pulses per trigger event to the two output channels. The
basic pulse level, timing and triggering parameters are summarized in
Burst mode
This mode is similar to the Pulse mode, except that each trigger event will output a series (burst) of
pulses. In Burst mode, two to 65,536 pulses can be output.
Table 1-1 and Table 1-2.
3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007 Return to Section Topics 1-5
Section 1: Pulse/Pattern Generators Overview Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual
RZ format
11
00
1
0
1
0
5V
0V
Logic 1 = 5V
Logic 0 = 0V
NRZ format
11
00
1
0
1
0
5V
Output Pattern
11100010
0V
Period Period PeriodPeriod PeriodPeriod Period Period
Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 Bit 8
Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 Bit 8
Pattern mode
Each channel can output a user configured bit pattern that consists of Logic 0’s and 1’s. The length
of the bit pattern can be two to 16,384 bits.
The two channels of a Model 3402 can have different bit patterns, but must be the same length.
Logic 0 represents the low pulse level (e.g., 0V) and Logic 1 represents the high pulse level. The
following example shows different 8-bit output patterns for the two channels:
Channel 1 Output Pattern: 00110011
Channel 2 Output Pattern: 11100010
Pattern data formats
There are two data formats for output patterns: RZ (return-to-zero) and NRZ (non-return-to-zero).
Figure 1-2 shows the difference between the RZ format and the NRZ format. The 8-bit pattern is
the same for both formats (11100010), and the logic levels are the same (Logic 0 = 0V, Logic 1 =
5V):
• RZ Format – For 50% duty cycle, a Logic 1 bit goes to 5V for the first half of the period, then
returns to 0V for the second half of the period (return-to-zero). A Logic 0 bit remains at 0V
for the entire period.
• NRZ Format – A Logic 1 bit goes to 5V and stays at 5V for the entire period (non-return-tozero). A Logic 0 bit goes to 0V and remains at 0V for the entire period.
NOTE For either data format, the level for Logic 0 does not have to be 0V. It simply must be less
positive (more negative) than Logic 1.
Example 1: Example 2:
Logic 1 = 4V Logic 1 = 0V
Logic 0 = 1V Logic 0 = -3V
Figure 1-2
Example output pattern for RZ and NRZ data formats
Pseudo Random Bit Sequencer (PRBS)
The PRBS is used to output a pseudo random pattern for testing purposes. The number of bits for
the PRBS output pattern can be set as follows:
1-6 Return to Section Topics 3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007
PRBS size = 2n-1 where n = 5 to 14
The RZ or NRZ data format can be used for the PRBS pattern.
Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual Section 1: Pulse/Pattern Generators Overview
Amplitude
3 to 6V
(±)
External Input
(Ext In)
Pulse Output
(Out 1, Out 2)
Leading edge of external trigger
causes output to go high
Trailing edge causes
output to go low
External Width mode
In this mode, pulse output follows the edges of an external input trigger that is applied to the Ext In
connector. As shown in
causes the output to go low.
The external input trigger can be positive or negative polarity up to 6V. However, the external input
trigger voltage must be at least ±10mV in order to be detected by the pulse/pattern generator as a
valid trigger.
Figure 1-3
External Width mode
Figure 1-3, a rising edge causes the output to go high, while a falling edge
3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007 Return to Section Topics 1-7
Section 1: Pulse/Pattern Generators Overview Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual
Period
1µs
Amplitude
50%
Width
500ns
Duty Cycle = (Width / Period) x 100%
= (500ns / 1µs) x 100%
= 0.5 x 100%
= 50%
Channel A
Output
Channel B
Output
Interchannel Delay Skew
Amplitude
Amplitude
Additional pulse characteristics
The following are characteristics inherent to pulse generation, and may or may not be affected by
various instrument settings and/or the load.
Duty cycle
The duty cycle is the amount of time – as a percentage of the pulse period – that the pulse is on
(pulse width). Duty cycle (as a percentage) is calculated as follows:
Duty Cycle = (Width / Period) x 100
Figure 1-4 shows an example for duty cycle.
Figure 1-4
Example of 50% duty cycle
Interchannel delay (skew)
As shown in Figure 1-5, interchannel delay is the time interval between the leading pulse edge of
the two Model 3402 output channels (Channel 1 and Channel 2). Skew can be adjusted through
the use of the pulse Delay for each individual channel.
Figure 1-5
Interchannel delay (skew)
1-8 Return to Section Topics 3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007
Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual Section 1: Pulse/Pattern Generators Overview
0
100%
Preshoot (e.g., 2%)
Ringing (negative)
(e.g., -2%)
Ringing (positive)
(e.g., +3%)
Overshoot
(e.g., 5%)
Amplitude
Time
Jitter
Jitter is the short-term instability of one edge relative to a reference edge. Jitter is usually specified
as an RMS value, which is one standard deviation (or sigma). If distribution is assumed Gaussian,
six sigma represents 99.74% of peak-to-peak jitter.
The reference edge for period jitter is the previous leading edge. The reference edge for delay
jitter is the leading edge of the trigger output. Width jitter is the stability of the trailing edge with
respect to the leading edge.
Distortion
Distortion includes preshoot, overshoot and ringing. Preshoot and overshoot are peak distortions
preceding/following an edge. Ringing is the positive-peak and negative-peak distortion (excluding
overshoot) on pulse top or base. Distortion for a pulse is shown in
preshoot, overshoot and ringing specification of 5% implies an overshoot and undershoot <5% of
pulse amplitude.
Figure 1-6
Distortion – Preshoot, overshoot and ringing
Figure 1-6. A combined
3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007 Return to Section Topics 1-9
Section 1: Pulse/Pattern Generators Overview Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual
This page left blank intentionally.
1-10 Return to Section Topics 3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007
In this section:
Top ic Page
General information........................................................................... 2-2
Front and rear panel familiarization ................................................. 2-3
Power-up ............................................................................................ 2-5
Section 2
Getting Started
Warranty information ..................................................................... 2-2
Keithley Instruments website – contact information ...................... 2-2
Inspection ...................................................................................... 2-2
Options and accessories ............................................................... 2-2
Front panel .................................................................................... 2-3
Rear panel..................................................................................... 2-4
Ventilation...................................................................................... 2-5
Display ................................................................................................ 2-6
Editing parameter values and settings .......................................... 2-8
Defaults............................................................................................... 2-9
Section 2: Getting Started Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual
General information
Warranty information
Warranty information is located at the front of this manual. Should your instrument require
warranty service, contact the Keithley representative or authorized repair facility in your area for
further information. When returning the instrument for repair, be sure to fill out and include the
service form at the back of this manual to provide the repair facility with necessary information.
Keithley Instruments website – contact information
Visit the Keithley website at www.keithley.com for information on contacting Keithley for your
customer service needs, such as calibration and repair.
Inspection
The instrument was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before shipment. After
unpacking all items from the shipping carton, check for any obvious signs of physical damage that
may have occurred during transit. (there may be a protective film over the display lens, which can
be removed). Report any damage to the shipping agent immediately. Save the original packing
carton for possible future shipment. The following items are included with every instrument order:
• Series 3400 with line cord.
• Rack Mount/Handle Kit
• Accessories as ordered.
• CD with the Quick Start Guide, User’s Manual and any Release Notes
• Hardcopy of the Quick Start Guide
Options and accessories
Cables/adapters
• Model 7051-2 General Purpose BNC to BNC Cable (2 ft)
• Model 7007-1 Shielded GPIB Cable, 1m
• Model 7007-2 Shielded GPIB Cable, 2m
• Model 7051-2 General Purpose BNC to BNC Cable, 0.6m (2 ft)
• Model 7051-5 General Purpose BNC to BNC Cable, 1.5 (5 ft)
• 7755 50Ω Feed-Through Terminator
Communication interfaces
• Model KPCI-488 GPIB/IEEE488 Interface Board for PCI Bus
• Model KUSB-488 USB-to-GPIB interface adapter for USB
• When using USB directly, use one of the following USB cables:
– USB-B-1 USB Cable Type A to B, 1m
– USB-B-3 USB Cable Type A to B, 3m
2-2 Return to Section Topics 3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007
Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual Section 2: Getting Started
On/Off
Switch
1
2
LCD Display
Channel 1
Parameters
2a
Selected
Parameter
2c
Channel 2
Parameters
2b
5
Rotory Knob
Cursor Keys
7
6
Numeric Keypad
3
Menu
Keys
Clock, Trigger and
Strobe Connectors
(BNC)
10
Clock
Input
10a
External
Input
10b
Trigger
Output
10c
Strobe
Output
10d
8
Output Enable
Pulse/Pattern
Output
Connectors
(BNC)
9
Soft Keys
4
Soft Key
Options
For the Rear Panel Output option,
items 9 and 10 connectors are
moved to the rear panel.
2 Width
Delay
LeadE
TrailE
3.00 ns
0 ps
2.5 ns
2.5 ns
Pulse Mode
Ch 1 Width
3.04 ns
Trigger = PLL
1 Width
Delay
LeadE
TrailE
3.04 ns
0 ps
2.5 ns
2.5 ns
Freq 165.0 MHz Per 6.06 ns
Channel Freq Per Width Delay More
+/-
Front and rear panel familiarization
Front panel
The front panel of the Model 3402-F is shown in Figure 2-1. The front panel controls and
connectors for the Model 3401-F single-channel pulse/pattern generator are similar except there is
only one channel. For the Model 3401, disregard all references to the second channel.
Figure 2-1
Front panel familiarization (Model 3402-F)
1. On/Off Switch – Push button switch toggles instrument on and off. When on, the green
indicator in the button turns on. Note that the main power switch for the rear panel Power
Module must be on (refer to
Figure 2-2).
2. LCD Display – On the Time and Volts menu keys, the display is divided into three areas:
a. Channel 1 Parameters – Displays Channel 1 parameters for the selected Function.
b. Channel 2 Parameters – Displays Channel 2 parameters for the selected Function.
c. Parameter Value – Displays the value of the selected parameter. Also displays related
information.
3. Menu Select Keys – The various menus are selected using these keys. The display then
shows the parameters, options and other choices available for the selected menu.
4. Soft Keys – The options that can be selected depend on the selected menu and are positioned in the display immediately above the soft keys.
5. Rotary Knob – Use this knob to modify (increase or decrease) the displayed parameter
value.
6. Numeric Keypad – Use this keypad to enter parameter values. After keying in a value,
available options (e.g., MHz range) are displayed as soft keys.
7. Cursor Keys – Use to increment/decrement parameter values.
8. Output Enable – Push button toggles output enable for each channel on and off. When on,
the green indicator in the button turns on. A trigger event will then start pulse/pattern output.
9. Pulse/Pattern Output Connectors – Output for the two channels is available at these
female BNC connectors. For the Rear Panel Output option, these connectors are moved to
3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007 Return to Section Topics 2-3
the rear panel for greater convenience in rack-mounted environments.
Section 2: Getting Started Series 3400 Pulse/Pattern Generators User’s Manual
2
Pulse/Pattern
Output
Connectors
(BNC)
3
Strobe, Trigger and
Clock Connectors
(BNC)
Reference
Output
Connector
(BNC)
5
Reference
Input
Connector
(BNC)
4
USB
Connector
6
IEEE-488
Connector
7
1
Power
Module
3a
Clock
Input
3b
External
Input
3c
Trigger
Output
3d
Strobe
Output
For the Front Panel Output
option, items 2 and 3
connectors are moved to the
front panel.
Cooling Vents
8
10. Clock, Trigger and Strobe Connectors – The following input/output female BNC connectors are provided:
NOTE For the Rear Panel Output option, these connectors are moved to the rear panel for
greater convenience in rack-mounted environments:
a. Clock Input – Connect an external clock.
b. External Input – Connect an external signal for external triggering.
c. Trigger Output – Provides a trigger pulse on each period.
d. Strobe Output – Programmable NRZ in Pattern mode, marks burst width in Burst mode.
Rear panel
The rear panel of the Model 3402-R is shown in Figure 2-2. The connectors for the Model 3401-R
single-channel pulse/pattern generator are similar except there is only one pulse/pattern output
channel. For the Model 3401, disregard all references to the second channel.
Figure 2-2
Rear panel familiarization (Model 3402-R)
1. Power Module – Contains the AC line receptacle, main power switch and the power line
fuse. Uses a toggle switch for AC power. The “0” position is off, and the “1” position is on.
This toggle switch must be in the “1” (on) position to enable the front panel On/Off Switch
(refer to
Figure 2-1).
2. Pulse/Pattern Output Connectors – Output for the two channels is available at these
3. Clock, Trigger and Strobe Connectors – The following input/output female BNC connec-
female BNC connectors. For the Rear Panel Output option, these connectors are moved to
the rear panel for greater convenience in rack-mounted environments:
tors are provided:
NOTE For the Rear Panel Output option, these connectors are moved to the rear panel for
greater convenience in rack-mounted environments.
a. Clock Input – Connect an external clock.
b. External Input – Connect an external signal for arming.
c. Trigger Output – Provides a trigger pulse on each period.
d. Strobe Output – Programmable NRZ in Pattern mode, marks burst width in Pulse mode.
2-4 Return to Section Topics 3400S-900-01 Rev. B / January 2007