Tektronix RSA3408A User Manual

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User Manual

RSA3408A 8 GHz Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer

071-1617-03

This document applies to firmware version 3.30 and above.

www.tektronix.com

Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and internati onal treaty provisions.

Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supercedes that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved.

TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

Contacting Tektronix

Tektronix, Inc. 14200 SW Karl Braun Drive P.O. Box 500 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA

For product information, sales, service, and technical support:

H In North America, call 1-800-833-9200. H Worldwide, visit www.tektronix.com to find contacts in your area.

End User License Agreement for Microsoft Software

You have acquired a device (“DEVICE”) that includes software licensed by Tektronix Japan, Ltd. (“TJ”) from Microsoft Licensing Inc. or its affiliates (“MS”). Those installed software products of MS origin, as well as associated media, printed materials, and “online” or electronic documentation (“SOFTWARE”) are protected by international intellectual property laws and treaties. The SOFTWARE is licensed, not sold. All rights reserved.

IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THIS END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT (“EULA”), DO NOT USE THE DEVICE OR COPY THE SOFTWARE. INSTEAD, PROMPTLY CONTACT TJ FOR INSTRUCTIONS ON RETURN OF THE UNUSED DEVICE(S) FOR A REFUND. ANY USE OF THE SOFTWARE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO

USE ON THE DEVICE, WILL CONSTITUTE YOUR AGREEMENT TO THIS EULA (OR RATIFICATION OF ANY PREVIOUS CONSENT).

GRANT OF SOFTWARE LICENSE. This EULA grants you the following license:

You may use the SOFTWARE only on the DEVICE.

NOT FAULT TOLERANT.

THE SOFTWARE IS NOT FAULT TOLERANT. TJ HAS INDEPENDENTLY DETERMINED HOW TO USE THE SOFTWARE IN THE DEVICE, AND MS HAS RELIED UPON TJ TO CONDUCT SUFFICIENT TESTING TO DETERMINE THAT THE SOFTWARE IS SUITABLE FOR SUCH USE.

NO WARRANTIES FOR THE SOFTWARE.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND WITH ALL FAULTS. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO SA TISFACTORY QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, ACCURACY, AND EFFORT (INCLUDING LACK OF NEGLIGENCE) IS WITH YOU. ALSO, THERE IS NO WARRANTY AGAINST INTERFERENCE WITH YOUR ENJOYMENT OF THE SOFTWARE OR AGAINST INFRINGEMENT. IF YOU HAVE RECEIVED

ANY WARRANTIES REGARDING THE DEVICE OR THE SOFTWARE, THOSE WARRANTIES DO NOT ORIGINATE FROM, AND ARE NOT BINDING ON, MS.

N O T E O N J AVA S UP P O RT.

The SOFTWARE may contain support for programs written in Java. Java technology is not fault tolerant and is not designed, manufactured, or i ntended for use or resale as online control equipment in hazardous environments requiring fail--safe performance, such as in the operation of nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation or communication systems, air traffic control, direct life support machines, or weapons systems, in which the failure of Java technology could lead directly to death, personal injury, or severe physical or environmental damage. Sun Microsystems, Inc. has contractually obligated MS to make this disclaimer.

NO LIABILITY FOR CERTAIN DAMAGES.

EXCEPT AS PROHIBITED BY LAW, MS SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE. THIS LIMITATION SHALL APPLY EVEN IF ANY REMEDY FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL MS BE LIABLE FOR ANY AMOUNT IN EXCESS OF U.S. TWO HUNDRED FIFTY DOLLARS (U.S.$250.00).

LIMITATIONS ON REVERSE ENGINEERING, DECOMP ILATION, AND DISASSEMBLY.

You may not reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the SOFTWARE, except and only to the extent that such activity is expressly permitted by applicable law notwithstanding this limitation.

SOFTW ARE TRANSFER ALLOWED BUT WITH RESTRICTIONS.

You may permanently transfer rights under this EULA only as part of a permanent sale or transfer of the Device, and only if the recipient agrees to this EULA. If the SOFTWARE is an upgrade, a ny tra nsfer must also include all prior versions of the SOFTWARE.

EXPORT RESTRICTIONS.

You acknowledge that SOFTWARE is of US--origin. You agree to comply with all applicable international and national laws that apply to the SOFTWARE, including the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, as well as end--user, end--use and country destination restrictions issued by U.S. and other governments. For additional information on exporting the SOFTWARE, see http://www.microsoft.com/exporting/.

LIMITATION ON SOFTWARE PROGRAMS USED ON THE DEVICE.

The combination of software programs you use on the DEVICE shall address not more than two (2) general office automation or consumer computing functions. Such functions include, but are not limited to: email, word processing, spreadsheets, database, network browsing, scheduling, and personal finance.

STORAGE/NETWORK USE.

The SOFTWARE may not be installed, accessed, displayed, run, shared or used concurrently on or from different computers, including a workstation, term inal or other digital electronic device (“Computing System”). Notwithstanding the foregoing and except as otherwise provided below, any number of Computing Systems, may access or otherwise utilize the file and print services and internet information services of the SOFTWARE, if included.

You may use the SOFTWARE on a single DEVICE as interactive workstation software, but not as server software. However, you may permit a maximum of ten (10) Computing Systems to connect to the DEVICE to access and use services of the SOFTWARE, such as file and print services and internet information services. The ten--connection maximum includes any indirect conne ctions made through other software or hardware which pools or aggregates connections.

Warranty 2

Tektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment. If any such product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and products become the property of Tektronix.

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for t he pe rformance of service. Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, with shipping charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.

This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under t his warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product; b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modified or integrated with other products when the effect of such modification or integration increases the time or difficulty of servicing the product.

THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX’ RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

Service Options

Tektronix provides service to cover repair under warranty as well as other services that are designed to meet your specific service needs. Advancing technology has brought incredible change to the power of measurement instruments. Manufacturing methods and calibration techni ques have been revolutionized, making the service challenge tougher than ever. By using Tektronix as your service provider you make use of our technology and product knowledge, our world-wide logistics infrastructure, and our ISO9000 approved service centers. Tektronix technicians are trained on the latest products and are equipped with the most current information on product improvements and upgrades for optimum product performance.

Warranty Repair Service. Tektronix technicians provide warranty service at most Tektronix service locations worldwide. The warranty period for this product can be found behind the title page in this manual.

Calibration and Repair Service. Tektronix offers calibrations, non-warranty repair, and support for customers performing their own service. Where appropriate, calibrations are compliant to ANSI/NCSL Z--540/ISO17025 and ISO9000 Quality Systems. If you prefer to perform your own service, Tektronix supports repair to the replaceable-part level through providing for circuit board exchange. All services can be purchased through a variety of agreements to fit your specific requirements.

For more information regarding service offerings or service locations worldwide, please see the Tektronix product catalog or visit us on our Customer Services World Center web site at:

http://www.tek.com/Measurement/Service.

Getting Started

General Safety Summary xv...................................

Preface xvii...................................................

About This Manual xvii...............................................

Related Documents xviii...............................................

Conventions xix....................................................

Product Overview 1--1.........................................

Features 1--1........................................................

Application 1--2.....................................................

Real-Time Analysis 1--3..............................................

Architecture 1--6....................................................

Installation 1--9...............................................

Unpacking to Check Contents 1--9......................................

Applying Power 1--10.................................................

Setting Up the Stand 1--13..............................................

Functional Check 1--14................................................

Powering Off the Analyzer 1--18.........................................

Restarting the Analyzer 1--19...........................................

Backing Up User Files 1--20............................................

Installing Other Applications 1--20.......................................

Calibration 1--21...............................................

Cal Menu 1--22......................................................

Calibrating Gain 1--23.................................................

Calibrating Center Offset 1--24..........................................

Calibrating DC Offset 1--25.............................................

Calibrating IF Flatness 1--25............................................

Adjusting Display Brightness 1--26.......................................

Confirming Performance 1--26..........................................

Operating Basics

RSA3408A User Manual

Interface Maps 2--1............................................

Controls and Connectors 2--2..........................................

Display Screen 2-- 9..................................................

Functional Overview 2--15.......................................

Menu Keys 2--15.....................................................

Menu Operations 2--18................................................

Measurement Basics 2--23..............................................

Setting System Parameters 2--25.........................................

Using Windows XP 2--28...............................................

Table of Contents

Reference

Tutorial 2--31..................................................

Preparations 2--32....................................................

Displaying Spectrum 2--35.............................................

Using Markers and Peak Search 2--42.....................................

Using Averaging and Comparison Displays 2--47............................

Displaying a Spectrogram 2--50.........................................

Spectrum Analysis 2--53...............................................

Modulation Analysis 2--57..............................................

Turning Off the Power 2--64............................................

Spectrum Analysis (S/A Mode) 3--1..............................

Measurement Screen Layout 3--2.......................................

Spectrum Analysis 3--4...............................................

Spectrogram Display 3--18.............................................

Real-Time Analysis 3--20..............................................

Zoom Function 3--24..................................................

Modulation Analysis (Demod Mode) 3--27..........................

Measurement Screen Layout 3--29.......................................

Analog Modulation Analysis 3--37.......................................

Digital Modulation Analysis (Option 21 Only) 3--44.........................

RFID Analysis (Option 21 Only) 3--61....................................

Time Analysis (Time Mode) 3 --83.................................

Measurement Screen Layout 3--83.......................................

Time Variation Measurement 3--84.......................................

CCDF Measurement 3--88..............................................

Pulse Measurements 3-- 93..............................................

Signal Source Analysis (Option 21 Only) 3--103.............................

Setting Frequency and Span 3--119.................................

Frequency and Span Setting Menu 3--120...................................

Using the Channel Table 3--122..........................................

Using the Marker and Peak Search 3--123..................................

Frequency Setting Range 3--124..........................................

Vector Span 3--126.....................................................

Setting Amplitude 3--127.........................................

Amplitude Menu 3--127.................................................

Over-Voltage Input 3--131...............................................

Amplitude Correction 3--132.............................................

Setting Timing Parameters 3--141..................................

Timing Menu 3--141...................................................

Seamless Acquisition 3--145.............................................

Trigger 3--147...................................................

Trigger Menu 3--148...................................................

Creating a Trigger Mask (Option 02 Only) 3--155............................

Trigger Point Indicator 3--161............................................

Synchronous Operation with External Instruments 3--162......................

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Table of Contents

FFT and RBW 3--163............................................

RBW/FFT Menu 3--164.................................................

FFT Points 3--167.....................................................

FFT Window 3--168....................................................

Trace Comparison Disp lay and Average Function 3--173...............

Trace/Avg Menu 3--174.................................................

Displaying Trace 1 and 2 3--176..........................................

Averaging the Waveform 3--177..........................................

Saving/Loading Waveform Data 3--180....................................

Trace Compression 3--180...............................................

Setting Views 3--183.............................................

View Menu 3--184.....................................................

Basic Procedure 3--185.................................................

Spectrum View Setting 3--186............................................

Spectrogram View Setting 3--187.........................................

Time Domain View Setting 3-- 189........................................

CCDF View Setting 3--191..............................................

Constellation View Setting (Option 21 Only) 3--192..........................

EVM View Setting (Option 21 Only) 3--193.................................

Symbol Table Setting (Option 21 Only) 3--196..............................

Eye Diagram Setting (Option 21 Only) 3--196...............................

AM/AM View Setting (Option 21 Only) 3--198..............................

AM/PM View Setting (Option 21 Only) 3--199..............................

PDF View Setting (Option 21 Only) 3--200.................................

Noisogram View Setting (Option 21 Only) 3--201............................

Display Line 3--203..............................................

Display Line Operation (Other than Real Time S/A) 3--204....................

Multi Display Lines (Real Time S/A Only) 3--207............................

Marker Operation and Peak Search 3--211..........................

Markers Menu 3--212...................................................

Using Markers 3--215..................................................

Peak Search 3--220.....................................................

Using the Online Help 3--223......................................

Displaying the Online Help 3--223........................................

Using a Mouse and Keyboard 3--226......................................

Selecting Input Source 3--227......................................

Input Menu 3--227.....................................................

File Operations 3--229............................................

File Type 3--229.......................................................

Load/Save Menu 3--230.................................................

Saving and Loading Files 3--232..........................................

Entering a File Name 3--238.............................................

Deleting a File 3--240..................................................

Making/Deleting a Directory 3--240.......................................

File Format 3--241...............................................

Data File Format 3--241.................................................

Trace File Format 3--249................................................

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Table of Contents

Appendices

Screen Copy 3--253..............................................

Print Menu 3--253.....................................................

Printing a Screen Copy 3--254............................................

Creating a File 3--255..................................................

Appendix A: Menu Tree A-- 1....................................

Appendix B: Digital Demodulation Symbol Mapping B--1............

Appendix C: Digital IQ Output Connector Pin Assignment

(Option 05) C--1............................................

Appendix D: Using the Removable Hard Disk Drive (Option 06) D--1..

Replacing the Hard Drive D--1..........................................

Using the USB Memory D--1...........................................

Appendix E: Inspection and Cleaning E--1.........................

Inspecting the Exterior E--1............................................

Cleaning the Exterior E--2.............................................

Lubrication E-- 2.....................................................

Cleaning the Interior E-- 2..............................................

Appendix F: Options and Accessories F--1.........................

Options F--1........................................................

Standard Accessories F--3.............................................

Optional Accessories F--4.............................................

Glossary Index

RSA3408A User Manual

List of Figures

Table of Contents

Figure 1--1: Concept of the swept spectrum analyzer 1--3............

Figure 1--2: Sweep of resolution filter 1--3.........................

Figure 1--3: Concept of the r eal-time spectrum analyzer 1--4..........

Figure 1--4: Concurrent acquisition 1--4...........................

Figure 1--5: Frame acquisition 1--5...............................

Figure 1--6: Block diagram 1--6..................................

Figure 1--7: AC Input (rear panel) 1--10............................

Figure 1--8: Principal power switch (rear panel) 1--11................

Figure 1--9: Front panel power switch (ON/STANDBY switch) 1--11....

Figure 1--10: Initial screen 1--12..................................

Figure 1--11: RF INPUT connector 1--12...........................

Figure 1--12: Setting up the stand 1-- 13............................

Figure 1--13: Spectrum of the calibration signal (100 MHz, about

--20 dBm) 1--14.............................................

Figure 1--14: Setup display 1--15..................................

Figure 1--15: Reference level setting and A/D overflow indicator 1--16...

Figure 1--16: Spectrogram disp lay 1--17............................

Figure 1--17: Calibration menu structure 1--22......................

Figure 1--18: UNCAL display 1--23................................

Figure 1--19: Center offset 1--24...................................

Figure 1--20: DC offset 1--25......................................

Figure 1--21: System menu 1--26..................................

RSA3408A User Manual

Figure 2--1: Front panel 2--2.....................................

Figure 2--2: Rear panel 2--4.....................................

Figure 2--3: Side panel 2--6......................................

Figure 2-- 4: Connecting USB devices 2--7..........................

Figure 2--5: Operation with mouse and keyboard 2--8...............

Figure 2--6: Display screen configuration 2--9......................

Figure 2--7: Status display 2--11...................................

Figure 2--8: Pre- and post-trigger regions 2--11......................

Figure 2--9: Key lock display 2--12................................

Figure 2--10: Setup display 2--13..................................

Figure 2--11: Menu keys 2--16....................................

Figure 2--12: Example menu item display 2--18......................

Table of Contents

Figure 2--13: Menu item types 2--19...............................

Figure 2--14: Numeric setting menu 2--19...........................

Figure 2--15: Changing value with the knob 2--20....................

Figure 2--16: Changing value with the keypad 2--21..................

Figure 2--17: Numeric keypad 2--21...............................

Figure 2--18: Step size for the center frequency 2-- 22.................

Figure 2--19: Changing the step size to the predetermined values 2--22..

Figure 2--20: Selecting the measurement mode 2--23..................

Figure 2--21: Starting/Stopping data acquisition 2--24................

Figure 2--22: Restoring default settings 2--24........................

Figure 2--23: System menu 2--25..................................

Figure 2--24: Displaying versions and options 2--26..................

Figure 2--25: Displaying the Windows XP accessory menu 2--29........

Figure 2--26: Cable connection 2--32...............................

Figure 2--27: Principal power switch (rear panel) 2--33...............

Figure 2--28: Power switch (ON/STANDBY) 2--33...................

Figure 2--29: Initial screen 2--34..................................

Figure 2--30: Frequency, span, and amplitude settings 2--35...........

Figure 2-- 31: Menu items for numeric value input 2--36...............

Figure 2--32: Numeric value entry keypad 2--36.....................

Figure 2--33: Center frequency of 100 MHz, span of 36 MHz 2--37......

Figure 2--34: Center frequency of 100 MHz, span of 20 kHz 2--38......

Figure 2--35: Setting amplitude 2--39..............................

Figure 2-- 36: Menu items for numeric value input 2--40...............

Figure 2--37: Reference level of 10 dBm 2--40.......................

Figure 2--38: Status indicator 2--41................................

Figure 2--39: Measurement with a single marker 2--43................

Figure 2--40: Measurement with the delta marker 2--44...............

Figure 2--41: Searching for the peak 2--46..........................

Figure 2--42: Averaging a waveform 2--48..........................

Figure 2--43: Comparison display with averaged waveform 2--49.......

Figure 2--44: Concurrent display of spectrum and spectrogram 2--50...

Figure 2--45: Tall display of spectrum and spectrogram 2--51..........

Figure 2--46: Spectrogram view 2--52..............................

Figure 2--47: Channel power measurement 2--54.....................

Figure 2--48: Channel power measurement (Channel Bandwidth

=40kHz) 2--55.............................................

Figure 2--49: Carrier frequency measurement 2--56..................

Figure 2--50: MODE keys 2--57...................................

RSA3408A User Manual

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Figure 2--51: AM signal measurement 2--58.........................

Figure 2--52: Analysis range settings 2--60..........................

Figure 2--53: Frame and block 2--60...............................

Figure 2--54: Changing the acquisition length 2--61..................

Figure 2--55: Single view display 2--62.............................

Figure 2--56: Scale settings 2--63..................................

Figure 3--1: S/A menu structure 3--1..............................

Figure 3--2: S/A measurement screen 3--2..........................

Figure 3--3: “Flex” grid style 3--3................................

Figure 3--4: Channel power measurement band power markers 3--5...

Figure 3--5: Channel power measurement 3-- 6......................

Figure 3--6: ACPR measurement band power markers 3-- 7...........

Figure 3--7: Example of ACPR measurement 3--8...................

Figure 3--8: C/N measurement band power markers 3--9.............

Figure 3--9: Example of C/N measurement 3--10.....................

Figure 3-- 10: OBW measurement band power marker 3--11...........

Figure 3--11: Example of OBW measurement 3--12...................

Figure 3--12: Carrier frequency measurement 3--13..................

Figure 3--13: EBW measurement band power markers 3--14...........

Figure 3--14: EBW measurement 3--15.............................

Figure 3-- 15: Setting up spurious signal measurement 3--16...........

Figure 3--16: Example of spurious signal measurement 3--17..........

Figure 3--17: Spectrum and spectrogram concurrent display 3--18......

Figure 3--18: Vi ew orientation 3--19...............................

Figure 3--19: Single display 3--19..................................

Figure 3--20: Difference between normal and real-time modes 3--20.....

Figure 3--21: Real-time mode 3--22................................

Figure 3--22: Zoom function 3--24.................................

Figure 3-- 23: Zoom domain settings using the Timing menu 3--25......

Figure 3--24: Zoomed area settings using the marker 3--26............

Figure 3--25: Demod menu structure 3--27..........................

Figure 3--26: Demod mode screen 3--29............................

Figure 3--27: Analysis range setting in the overview 3--30.............

Figure 3--28: MARKERS keys 3--31...............................

Figure 3--29: Specifying the range with the marker and the

reference cursor 3--32........................................

Figure 3-- 30: Specifying the analysis range using the mouse 3--33.......

Figure 3--31: FFT processing range setting on the overview 3--34.......

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Figure 3--32: Changing the overview and subview 3--35...............

Figure 3--33: One-view display 3--36...............................

Figure 3--34: AM demod measurement 3--39........................

Figure 3--35: FM demod measurement 3--40........................

Figure 3--36: PM demod measurement 3--41........................

Figure 3--37: IQ versus time measurement 3--42.....................

Figure 3--38: Pulse spectrum measurement 3--43.....................

Figure 3--39: Process flow for digitally-modulated signals 3--48........

Figure 3--40: Constellation analysis 3--50...........................

Figure 3--41: EVM measurement 3--51.............................

Figure 3--42: IQ/Frequency versus time measurement 3--52...........

Figure 3--43: Power variance measurement 3--53....................

Figure 3--44: Symbol table analysis 3--54...........................

Figure 3--45: Eye diagram analysis 3--55...........................

Figure 3--46: Setting Linear Signal Region 3--56.....................

Figure 3--47: AM/AM measurement 3--57...........................

Figure 3--48: AM/PM measurement 3--58...........................

Figure 3--49: CCDF measurement 3--59............................

Figure 3--50: PDF measurement 3--60..............................

Figure 3--51: RFID waveform and measurement items 3--62...........

Figure 3--52: Carrier measurement 3--65...........................

Figure 3--53: Spurious measurement 3--66..........................

Figure 3--54: ACPR measurements 3--68...........................

Figure 3--55: Modified Miller code 3--71............................

Figure 3--56: Transmission power on/down measurement

parameters 3--72............................................

Figure 3--57: Power on/down measurements 3--74....................

Figure 3--58: RF envelope measurement (main view) 3--76............

Figure 3--59: RF envelope measurement parameters 3--77.............

Figure 3--60: Constellation, eye diagram, and symbol table

(main view) 3--79............................................

Figure 3--61: Definition of the modulation depth and index 3--81.......

Figure 3--62: Time menu structure 3--83............................

Figure 3--63: IQ versus Time measurement 3--85....................

Figure 3--64: Power variance measurement 3--86....................

Figure 3--65: Frequency measurement 3-- 87.........................

Figure 3--66: CCDF calculation process 3--88.......................

Figure 3--67: CCDF single view 3--91..............................

Figure 3--68: CCDF multi-view 3--92..............................

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Figure 3--69: Definition of pulse characteristics 3--94.................

Figure 3--70: Definition of pulse-on/off 3--94........................

Figure 3--71: Setting for View Results For... 3--98....................

Figure 3-- 72: Setting the View Define menu 3--99....................

Figure 3--73: Waveform display in the su bview 3--102.................

Figure 3--74: Phase noise measurement parameters 3--106..............

Figure 3--75: Phase noise measurement 3--107........................

Figure 3--76: Spurious measurement 3 --110..........................

Figure 3--77: Real-time phase noise measurement parameters 3--112.....

Figure 3--78: Real-time phase noise measurement 3--113...............

Figure 3--79: Settling time displayed in the subview 3 --114.............

Figure 3--80: Real-time spurious measurement 3--116.................

Figure 3--81: Frequency versus Time measurement parameters 3--117....

Figure 3--82: Frequency versus Time measurement 3--118..............

Figure 3--83: Setting frequency and span 3--121......................

Figure 3-- 84: Setting the center frequency using MARKER ➡ 3--123.....

Figure 3--85: Relationship between the frequency and span settings 3--125

Figure 3--86: Vector mode and scalar mode 3--126....................

Figure 3--87: Amplitude menu structure 3-- 127.......................

Figure 3--88: Setting the amplitude 3--128...........................

Figure 3--89: A/D overflow indicator 3--131..........................

Figure 3--90: The amplitude correction concept 3--132.................

Figure 3--91: Amplitude correction example 3--134....................

Figure 3--92: Amplitude correction data input 3-- 137..................

Figure 3--93: Amplitude offset 3--139...............................

Figure 3--94: Frequency offset 3--139...............................

Figure 3--95: Amplitude correction setup display 3--140................

Figure 3--96: Timing menu structure 3--141..........................

Figure 3--97: Timing parameters 3 --143.............................

Figure 3--98: Timing parameters in the zoom mode 3--144..............

Figure 3--99: Frame cycle 3--145...................................

Figure 3--100: Seamless acquisition 3--145...........................

Figure 3--101: Trigger menu structure 3--148.........................

Figure 3--102: Trigger position 3--150...............................

Figure 3--103: Power trigger detection range 3--151...................

Figure 3--104: Trigger level and slope 3--152.........................

Figure 3--105: Acquiring and displaying data by Trigger and

Repeat modes 3--153..........................................

Figure 3--106: Trigger mask 3--155.................................

RSA3408A User Manual

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Figure 3--107: Filling operation for creating a mask 3--156.............

Figure 3--108: Example mask 3--157................................

Figure 3--109: Default mask 3--158.................................

Figure 3--110: Changing the position of Point A 3--158.................

Figure 3--111: Changing the position of Point B 3--159.................

Figure 3--112: Addin g Point C 3--159...............................

Figure 3--113: Trigger point display 3-- 161...........................

Figure 3--114: Synchronous operation of two RSA3408A analyzers 3--162.

Figure 3--115: FFT and RBW process 3--163.........................

Figure 3--116: RBW/FFT menu tree 3--164...........................

Figure 3--117: Process flow when RBW/FFT = FFT 3--165..............

Figure 3--118: FFT overlap 3--166..................................

Figure 3--119: Generating spurious signals by increasing the

number of FFT points 3--167...................................

Figure 3--120: Windowing process of time domain data 3--169..........

Figure 3--121: Comparison display of Trace 1 and 2 3--173.............

Figure 3--122: RBW/FFT menu structure 3--174......................

Figure 3--123: Displaying an averaged waveform 3--178................

Figure 3--124: Compared display 3--179.............................

Figure 3--125: Relationships between frame, bin, and pixel 3--181.......

Figure 3--126: Compression method for displaying the waveform 3--182..

Figure 3--127: View keys 3--184....................................

Figure 3-- 128: Setting the scale in spectrum view 3--186................

Figure 3--129: Scale and format settings in spectrogram view 3--188.....

Figure 3-- 130: Setting the scale in time domain view 3 --190.............

Figure 3--131: Setting the scale in CCDF view 3--191..................

Figure 3--132: Vector and constellation displays 3--192.................

Figure 3-- 133: Setting the scale in EVM view 3--193...................

Figure 3--134: EVM, magnitude and phase error displays 3--194........

Figure 3--135: Constellation view and error vectors in 1/4π QPSK 3--195.

Figure 3--136: Symbol table 3--196.................................

Figure 3--137: Eye diagram view 3--197.............................

Figure 3--138: Vector and dot displays for AM/AM view 3--198.........

Figure 3--139: Vector and dot displays for AM/PM view 3--199..........

Figure 3--140: Setting the scale in PDF view 3--200....................

Figure 3--141: Setting the scale in noisogram view 3--202...............

Figure 3--142: Display line 3--203..................................

Figure 3--143: Lines menu structure (other than Real Time S/A) 3--204...

Figure 3--144: Two horizontal lines 3--205...........................

RSA3408A User Manual

Table of Contents

Figure 3--145: Two horizontal and two vertical lines 3--206.............

Figure 3--146: Multi d isplay lines (Real Time S/A mode) 3--207.........

Figure 3--147: Lines menu structure (Real Time S/A) 3--208............

Figure 3--148: Marker display 3--211...............................

Figure 3--149: Markers menu structure 3--212........................

Figure 3--150: Measurement with a single marker 3--215...............

Figure 3--151: Using the delta marker to take measurements 3--216......

Figure 3--152: Measurement with the reference cursor 3--217...........

Figure 3--153: Changing the Trace 3--218............................

Figure 3--154: Interlocked markers 3--219...........................

Figure 3--155: Functions of the peak search keys 3--220................

Figure 3--156: Setting the minimum frequency jump 3--221............

Figure 3--157: Online help for the front panel key 3--224...............

Figure 3--158: Online user manual 3--225............................

Figure 3--159: Word search using the keyboard 3--226.................

Figure 3--160: Input menu tree 3--227...............................

Figure 3--161: Load/Save menu structure 3--230......................

Figure 3--162: Save to the preset file (lower right of the screen) 3--233....

Figure 3-- 163: Selecting the folder 3--234............................

Figure 3--164: Save to File menu 3--235.............................

Figure 3--165: Load from the preset file (lower right of the screen) 3--236.

Figure 3--166: Load from File menu 3-- 237..........................

Figure 3--167: Alphan umeric keypad 3--238..........................

Figure 3--168: Data file structure 3--241.............................

Figure 3--169: Addi ng dummy frames 3--243.........................

Figure 3--170: Data block 3--245...................................

Figure 3--171: Trace file structure 3--249............................

Figure 3--172: Trace file example 3--249.............................

Figure 3--173: Data block 3--251...................................

Figure 3--174: Print menu structure 3--253...........................

RSA3408A User Manual

Figure A--1: Menu keys A--1.....................................

Figure B--1: Symbol mapping: GFSK/BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM,

32QAM, and 64QAM B--1...................................

Figure B--2: Symbol mapping: 256QAM B--2.......................

Figure C-- 1: Digital IQ output connector pin assignment C--1.........

Figure C--2: Definition of the setup and hold time C--5...............

Figure D-- 1: Detaching the removable hard disk drive D--2...........

Table of Contents

List of Tables

Table 1--1: Span and RBW 1--15..................................

Table 2--1: Key functions of the keyboard 2--8.....................

Table 2--2: Status display 2--11...................................

Table 2--3: Setup display 2--13...................................

Table 2--4: Menu key summary 2--16..............................

Table 2--5: Measurement modes 2--23.............................

Table 3--1: Standard menu in the S/A mode 3-- 1...................

Table 3--2: Measurement items in the S/A mode 3-- 4................

Table 3--3: Features of the real-time mode 3--21.....................

Table 3--4: Span setting range 3 --21...............................

Table 3--5: Standard menu in the Demod mode 3--28................

Tabl e 3--6: Communication standard and parameters 3--45...........

Table 3--7: Modulation type and available measurement item 3--45.....

Table 3--8: Measurement items for RFID analysis 3--62..............

Table 3--9: Standard settings 3 --69................................

Table 3--10: Details of the RF envelope measurement table 3--76.......

Table 3--11: Symbol value definition 3--80..........................

Table 3--12: Measurement result display items 3--80.................

Table 3--13: Signal source measurement items 3--103..................

Table 3--14: Phase noise measurement frequency band 3--108..........

Table 3--15: Bin width for each decade 3--108........................

Table 3--16: The number of waveform points 3--109..................

Table 3--17: Frequency and span setting range 3--124.................

Table 3--18: Reference level setting range 3--128......................

Table 3--19: Vertical scale setting range 3--130.......................

Table 3--20: How to acquire a waveform 3--149......................

Table 3--21: Trigger level setting range 3--151........................

Table 3--22: Characteristics and usage of FFT windows 3--168.........

Table 3--23: FFT window and bandpass filter 3--170..................

Table 3--24: Averaging method 3--175..............................

Table 3--25: Number of bins 3--180.................................

Table 3--26: Front panel keys for online help 3--225...................

Table 3--27: File save operation 3-- 232..............................

Table 3--28: Preset file names 3--233................................

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RSA3408A User Manual

Table of Contents

Table 3--29: File load operation 3--236..............................

Table 3--30: Combinations of validA, P, I and Q 3--246................

Tabl e B -- 1: π/4 shift DQPSK B--3................................

Table B--2: GMSK B -- 3........................................

Table C--1: I OUTPUT connector pin assignment C--1...............

Table C--2: Q OUTPUT connector pin assignment C--3..............

Table E--1: External inspection check list E--1.....................

Table F--1: Power cord identification F--2.........................

Table F--2: Standard accessories F--3.............................

Table F--3: Accessories for optional software F--3...................

Table F--4: Optional accessories F--4.............................

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Table of Contents

xiv

RSA3408A User Manual

General Safety Summary

Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it. To avoid potential hazards, use this product only as specified.

Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures.

To Avoid Fire or

Personal Injury

Use Proper Power Cord. Use only the power cord specified for this product and

certified for the country of use.

Connect and Disconnect Properly. Do not connect or disconnect probes or test leads while they are connected to a voltage source.

Ground the Product. This product is grounded through the grounding conductor of the power cord. To avoid electric shock, the grounding conductor must be connected to earth ground. Before making connections to the input or output terminals of the product, ensure that the product is properly grounded.

Observe All Terminal Ratings. To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe all ratings and markings on the product. Consult the product manual for further ratings information before making connections to the product.

Do Not Operate Without Covers. Do not operate this product with covers or panels removed.

Avoid Exposed Circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and components when power is present.

Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures. If you suspect there is damage to this product, have it inspected by qualified service personnel.

Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions.

Symbols and Terms

RSA3408A User Manual

Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere.

Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry.

Provide Proper Ventilation. Refer to the manual’s installation instructions for

details on installing the product so it has proper ventilation.

Terms in this Manual. These terms may appear in this manual:

WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result in injury or loss of life.

General Safety Summary

CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to this product or other property.

Terms on the Product. These terms may appear on the product:

DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking.

WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking.

CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.

Symbols on the Product. The following symbols may appear on the product:

Protective Ground

(Earth) Terminal

CAUTION

Refer to Manual

xvi

RSA3408A User Manual

Preface

About This Manual

This is the user manual for the RSA3408A 8 GHz Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer. It covers the following information:

H Describes the capabilities of the analyzer and how to install it

H Explai ns how to operate the analyzer: how to control acquisition of,

processing of, and input/output of information

H Shows the menu structure and lists accessories of the analyzer

This manual is composed of the following chapters:

H Getting Started describes the product overview, architecture, installation, and

calibration of the analyzer.

H Operating Basics explains the functions of the front, rear, and side panels

and menu items of the analyzer, and describes the basic menu operations.

This section also provides tutorials for beginners. It gives step-by-step

procedures for measurement using a signal generator .

H Reference explains the basic concepts of measurement processes and

application-specific operations. It also describes the front panel keys and

menus.

H Appendices provide additional information including the menu tree,

accessories, and cleaning information.

First time users should install the analyzer in Getting Started,thengoto Operating Basics and perform the tutorials beginning on Page 2--31.

The analyzer uses Microsoft Windows XP as the operating system. This manual does not describe common usage of Windows XP. Refer to your Windows manuals as necessary .

RSA3408A User Manual

xvii

Preface

Conventions

Preface

H RSA3408A Option 28: TD-SCDMA Analysis Software User Manual

provides operating basics for the TD-SCDMA analysis.

H RSA3408A Option 29: WLAN 802.11a/b/g Analysis Software User Manual

provides operating basics for the WLAN analysis.

H RSA3408A Option 40: 3GPP Release 6 (HSUPA) Analysis Software

User Manual provides operating basics for the 3GPP Release 6 analysis.

This manual uses the following conventions:

H Front-panel key and control labels are printed in the manual in upper case

text. For example, SPAN, PEAK, PRINT. If it is part of a procedure, the key

or control label is printed in boldface. For example:

Press SPAN.

H To identify keys on the front panel, the area name label precedes the key .

For example:

Press the MODE: DEMOD key.

H Me nu and on-screen form titles are printed in the manual in the same case

(initial capitals) as they appear on the analyz er screen, such as Span, Source,

and Channel Power. If it is part of a procedure, the menu title is shown in

boldface. For example:

Press the Source side key.

H A series of keys, controls, and/or menu items separated by an arrow symbol

(→) indicates the order in which to perform the listed tasks. For example:

Select RBW/FFT → Filter Shape...→ Gaussian.

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xix

Preface

RSA3408A User Manual

Getting Started

Product Overview

The RSA3408A is a portable real-time spectrum analyzer having RF measurement capability up to 8 GHz with wide vector span of 36 MHz. The real-time spectrum analyzer has a vastly different architecture from traditional t ools, and is uniquely capable of capturing continuous, intermittent, or random signals with equal ease. The waveform and measurement results of data acquired seamlessly can be displayed i n various formats such as spectrum, spectrogram containing three dimensional information of frequency, time, and amplitude/phase, time versus amplitude/frequency/phase, AM/F M/PM demodulation, and optionally, digital demodulation.

Features

H DC to 8 GHz measurement frequency range

H 100 Hz to 3 GHz measurement span and 36 MHz vector span

H Real-time analysis for seamless capture of time-varying RF signals

H Spectrum analysis of power, ACPR, C/N, OBW, EBW, and spurious

H Analog modulation analysis of AM, PM, FM, ASK and FSK signals

H Digital modulation analysis ranging from BPSK to 256QAM (Option 21)

H Time characteristic analysis including pulse measurements

H CCDF analysis

H AM/AM and AM/PM distortion analyses (Option 21)

H Time-correlated simultaneous views

H Spectrum display

H Spectrogram display (frequency versus time versus power)

H Time domain display (IS-95 standard)

H Analog demodulation display:

time versus modulation factor, phase, or frequency

H Digital demodulation display (Option 21):

constellation, eye diagram, symbol table, or EVM

H 8.4 inch TFT color display and sturdy cabinet

RSA3408A User Manual

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Product Overview

Application

The RSA3408A can perform real-time analysis for the following purposes:

H Signal quality analysis of analog and digital modulation

H Understanding frequency and spectral occupancy behavior over time

H Capture and characterization of undesired, unknown, or interfering signals

H Device/system design or operational diagnostic measurement

H Getting answers to elusive EMI problems

H VCO/synthesizer design

H RFID device characterization

H General purpose digital modulation vector signal analysis (Option)

H Spectrum monitoring

H Radar measurements

H Characterization, troubleshooting, and verification of wireless designs

(Option):

H GSM/EDGE

H W-CDMA

H HSDPA

H cdma2000 1x

H cdma2000 1xEV--DO

H TD-SCDMA

H WLAN 802.11a/b/g

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RSA3408A User Manual

Real-Time Analysis

Product Overview

This section explains real-time analysis with the comparison of conventional swept spectrum analyzer and real-time spectrum analyzer.

Conventional Swept

Spectrum A nalyzer

Figure 1--1 is a block diagram of the conventional swept spectrum analyzer. There are two RF input signals in this example. The RF signal is converted to IF (intermediate frequency) by the swept local oscillator. IF output goes through a bandpass filter, where resolution of the spectrum analyzer is defined.

RF input

Mixer

Resolution

Local oscillator

filter

Detector

Display

Figure 1- 1: Concept of the swept spectrum analyzer

The filter is swept from F

start

to F

. See Figure 1--2. Only signals within the

stop

filter bandwidth are observed at one point in time. Signal A is detected first and then signal B is detected and displayed.

RSA3408A User Manual

NOTE. An intermittent signal, such as a burst phenomenon, will not be detected unless it is present at the exact moment that the filter is being swept past it.

Sweep

start

stop

Figure 1- 2: Sweep of resolution filter

1- 3

Product Overview

Real-Time Spectrum

Analyzer

The real-time spectrum analyzer is conceptually equipped with a series of bandpass filters as shown in Figure 1 --3. Signals passing through those filters are concurrently observed and recorded continuously. Signals A and B are concurrently acquired and displayed as shown in Figure 1--4.

Resolution

filter 1

RF input

Resolution

filter 2

Resolution

filter 3

Resolution

filter N

Detector 1

Detector 2

Display

Detector 3

Detector N

Figure 1- 3: Concept of the real-time spectrum analyzer

Concurrent acquisition

start

Figure 1- 4: Concurrent acquisition

stop

1- 4

RSA3408A User Manual

Product Overview

The method used to concurrently acquire signals in a certain frequency range is not bandpass filters, but FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation). The RSA3408A first acquires a series of frames of data in the time domain, as shown in Figure 1--5, and then performs the FFT process for each frame. This method enables continuous analysis of spectra and ensures the capture of real-time phenomenon such as burst signals in digital mobile communication. The RSA3408A is equipped with a 102.4 MHz A/D converter to analyze the spectrum by single scanning for spans up to 36 MHz.

Time

Frame

F F F

F F

Figure 1- 5: Frame acquisition

RSA3408A User Manual

1- 5

Product Overview

Architecture

Figure 1--6 shows the block diagram of the signal processing system.

RF input

Option

down converter

External trigger input Trigger detection

Q input

I Input

8GHz

IF sampling

A/D converter

(optional)

IF sampling

A/D converter

Memory controller

Local bus

Digital

down converter

FFT

Extended trigger

(optional)

Data memory 64 MB (standard) 256 MB (optional)

Digital IQ output (optional)

1- 6

Display

Mass Storage

Devices

HDD

FDD

Figure 1- 6: Block diagram

PCI bridge

Windows board PC

Front panel key

USB

LAN

External interface

GPIB

VGA

RSA3408A User Manual

Product Overview

8GHz

Down Converter

IF Sampling A/D Converter

Digital Down Converter

Converts the RF signal, applied through the front-panel INPUT connector, into a 76 MHz IF signal. This converter processes signals up to 8 GHz by IF conversions in three stages. A 10 MHz oscillator provides a high-accuracy reference for all stages of IF conversion. The converter also adjusts signals for A/D conversion using a low-noise amplifier, fine-tuning attenuator, and anti-alias filter. The output signal from the down converter is sent to the IF sampling A/D converter.

The IF analog output from the down converter enters the A/D converter through the fine-tuning attenuator, low-noise amplifier, and anti-alias filter, to be converted into a digital signal. The sampling rate of the A/D converter is

102.4 MHz with a resolution of 14 bits. The I/Q splitter separates the real signal from the A/D converter into complex (I and Q) components. With Option 03, you can input I and Q signals from the rear panel connectors.

Performs center frequency and span fine-tuning. The digital data from the A/D converter is transformed to a complex signal of maximum ±20 MHz, setting any center frequency to 0 Hz. A decimating filter composed of FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filters changes the span by effectively reducing the sampling rate. It allows extremely accurate filtering with minimal spurious emissions. The data streams from the digital down converter are then divided into frames and saved in the data memory.

FFT/Extended Trigger

(Optional)

Option 05 provides the digital IQ data output from the rear panel connectors to store and analyze on an external PC.

Option 02 provides a real-time digital trigger function that monitors the frequency spectrum for the occurrence of specific events. A trigger mask is used to set conditions for trigger.

The FFT processor performs high-speed calculations to create extended trigger signals. The FFT processor performs 1024-point complex FFT at high speed to create extended trigger signals. The FFT processor consists of an input buffer, FFT calculation DSP, output buffer, and timing control circuit. Performing a 1024-point complex FFT at 10 real time in spans up to 36 MHz.

Because the trigger comparator is continuously operating at the maximum rate, no events will be missed. The pre-trigger and post-trigger positions can be set as needed; events before and after the trigger event can be measured.

times per second allows the trigger to operate in

RSA3408A User Manual

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Product Overview

Data Memory

Windows Board PC

A high-speed 64 MB standard SDRAM stores spectrum data. It is expanded to 256 MB with Option 02. For each data point, I and Q data use 2 bytes. This memory can store 16, 000 frames for 1 waveform = 1024 points of analysis, and 64,000 frames for Option 02. For example, W-CDMA communication data can be captured for up to 2.5 seconds on standard and 10 seconds on Option 02. The memory is accessed from the system controller via the ISA/PCI bridge.

The system controller board has an Intel Celeron 1.2 GHz CPU. It runs on Windows XP, and controls menu operation from the front panel keys. It is equipped with a 10 GB hard disk and 3.5 inch disk drive to store data and settings. Waveforms, menus, and measurement results are shown on the color display, which uses an 8.4 inch XGA TFT-LCD module.

The standard analyzer has the following external interfaces:

H USB (for a mouse, keyboard, printer and so on)

H LAN (Ethernet 10/100BASE-T)

H GPIB

H VGA (for an external monitor)

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RSA3408A User Manual

Installation

This section describes how to install this instrument. The topics are organized as follows:

H Unpacking to check contents

H Applying the power

H Setting up the stand

H Functional check

H Powering off the analyzer

H Restart

H Backing up the user file

Before starting installation, you should become familiar with the General Safety Summary on page xv.

Unpacking to Check Contents

1. This product is packed in a cardboard box for delivery. Before opening the

box, make sure that there is no damage on the surface.

2. Open the box, check that the product has no damage and that all the standard

accessories are found inside. For a list of accessories, refer to Standard

Accessories on page F--3. If you find any damaged or missing components,

contact your local Tektronix representative.

3. It is recommended to keep the box and packing materials. Y ou may need

them to send this product to Tektronix for calibration or repair.

CAUTION. The analyzer has exhaust fans on the side panel. Leave a space of at least 5 cm (2 in) on both sides for proper air circulation.

RSA3408A User Manual

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Installation

Applying Power

Power on the analyzer using the following procedure:

AC Power Requirements

Connecting the Power

Cord

The analyzer operates from an AC line frequency of 47--63 Hz, over the range of 90--250 Volts, without the need for configuration, except the power cord. Refer to page F--2 for the power cord options.

The maximum power consumption is 350 W. Refer to Specifications in the RSA3408A Technical Reference for additional information on power and environmental requirements.

CAUTION. Use only power cords that are approved for the country of use. Using non-approved power cords could result in fire or shock hazard.

1. Plug the power cord into the AC input on the rear panel.

1- 10

AC input

Figure 1- 7: AC Input (rear panel)

2. Connect the plug of the power cord to a properly grounded outlet.

RSA3408A User Manual

Installation

Turning on the Analyzer

1. Turn on the principal power switch on the rear panel.

Principal power switch

Figure 1- 8: Principal power switch (rear panel)

When you turn on the principal power switch, a voltage is applied to the

analyzer standby circuit. Make sure the LED next to the power switch on the

front panel lights up in orange.

2. Turn on the power switch (ON/STANDBY) on the lower left of the front

panel. The LED next to the power switch changes to green.

Power switch

RSA3408A User Manual

LED

Figure 1- 9: Front panel power switch (ON/STANDBY switch)

When you turn on the analyzer, Windows XP boots up. After several

minutes, the analyzer application starts up.

The initial screen appears as shown in Figure 1--10. The displayed spectrum

represents the noise floor of the analyzer.

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Installation

Figure 1- 10: Initial screen

If “UNCAL” is displayed on top of the screen, run the gain calibration routine (refer to Calibrating Gain on page 1--23).

CAUTION. Never apply signals with a combined amplitude greater than +30 dBm to the RF INPUT connector. If you exceed this input rating, you can permanently damage the analyzer. (The RF INPUT connector is shown in Figure 1--11.)

RF INPUT connector Max +30 dBm AC + DC

1- 12

Figure 1- 11: RF INPUT connector

RSA3408A User Manual

Setting Up the Stand

Installation

To set up the stand, place the analyzer on a table. Lift the front of the analyzer and pull out the stand until it is perpendicular to the analyzer.

RSA3408A User Manual

Stand

Figure 1- 12: Setting up the stand

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Installation

Functional Check

The analyzer has a built-in calibration signal source with a frequency of 100 MHz and an amplitude of approximately --20 dBm. Using t his source, perform this quick functional check to verify that your instrument is operating correctly.

1. Turn on the analyzer.

2. Display the spectrum of the calibration signal:

a. Press the S/A key on the front panel and then press the

Spectrum Analyzer side key.

b. Press the PRESET key on the front panel to reset the analyzer.

c. Press the INPUT key on the front panel.

d. Press the Signal Input Port... side key to select Cal100M.

The spectrum of the calibration signal appears.

e. Check that “INPUT: CAL” and “FREE RUN” are displayed in the status

indicator at the upper right of the screen (see Figure 1--13).

Status indicator

Marker readout

Marker

1- 14

Figure 1- 13: Spectrum of the calibration signal (100 MHz, about - 20 dBm)

RSA3408A User Manual

Installation

3. Check the center frequency and peak amplitude using the marker:

a. Press the PEAK key on the front panel to place the marker on the peak

(see Figure 1--13).

b. Check the marker readouts on screen. The frequency should be 100 MHz

and the amplitude should be approximately --20 dBm.

c. Press the MARKER SETUP key on the front panel and then the

Markers side key to select Off. Check that the marker disappears.

4. Check the RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) while changing the span setting.

a. Press the SPAN key on the front panel.

b. Confirm that the span is 36 MHz and the RBW is 100 kHz in the setup

display on the upper part of the screen (see Figure 1--14).

Setup display

Span RBW

Span setting

Figure 1- 14: Setup display

c. Using the general purpose knob, change the span setting as listed in

Table 1--1 and check that the RBW is displayed correctly.

Table 1- 1: Span and RBW

Span RBW

36 MHz 100 kHz

15 MHz 80 kHz

5MHz 20 kHz

100 kHz 500 Hz

1kHz 20 Hz

RSA3408A User Manual

d. Using the numeric keypad, set the span back to 36 MHz.

(Press 3 → 6 → MHz, in that order, on the keypad.)

1- 15

Installation

5. Check the reference level:

a. Press the AMPLITUDE key on the front panel.

b. Make sure that the reference level is set to 0 dBm with the Ref Level

side key. Check that 0 dBm is displayed on the upper left side of the graticule (see Figure 1-- 15).

c. Use the general purpose knob to set t he reference level to --30 dBm.

d. Confirm that A/D OVERFLOW is indicated in the red box at the top

center of the screen. Make sure that --30 dBm is displayed on the upper left side of the graticule and that the spectrum waveform is distorted as shown in Figure 1--15.

A/D overflow indicator Reference level setting

Reference level

Figure 1- 15: Reference level setting and A/D overflow indicator

e. Using the numeric keypad, set the reference level back to 0 dBm.

(Press 0 → ENTER, in that order, on the keypad.)

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RSA3408A User Manual

Installation

6. Check the spectrogram display:

a. Press the S/A key on the front panel.

b. Press the S/A with Spectrogram side key. Check that the spectrogram is

displayed on the lower side of the screen (see Figure 1--16).

c. Press the RUN/STOP key on the front panel to stop data acquisition.

Confirm that the trace display freezes and PAUSE is displayed in the status indicator at the top right of the screen.

Status indicator

Spectrogram

RSA3408A User Manual

Figure 1- 16: Spectrogram display

1- 17

Installation

Powering Off the Analyzer

Turn off the power switch on the front panel.

CAUTION. When you power on or off the analyzer, you must use the front-panel power switch. Failure to do so may cause the operating system to s hut down improperly.

When you power on the analyzer again, wait at least 10 seconds after the last power off.

When you press the front-panel ON/STANDBY switch, the analyzer starts a shutdown process (including a Windows shutdown) to preserve settings and then power off. The LED next to the power switch changes to orange. Avoid using the rear-panel power switch or disconnecting the power cord to power off the analyzer.

To completely remove power to the analyzer, perform the shutdown just described, and then set the power switch on the rear panel to off.

NOTE. Turning off the front-panel power switch does not shut down the principal power supply completely. To turn off the principal power supply, press the principal power switch on the rear panel. Turning off the principal power switch turns off the front-panel LED. When you do not use the analyzer for a long time or in case of emergency, you should unplug the power cord.

1- 18

RSA3408A User Manual

Restarting the Analyzer

Installation

When the analyzer operates abnormally, use the following procedure to turn the analyzer off and on again.

NOTE. When the analyzer operates abnormally, it will not be shut down by turning off the front-panel pow er switch alone.

1. Make sure that the front-panel power switch is in the turned-off position.

2. Turn off the principal power switch on the rear panel.

3. Wait at least 10 seconds and then turn on the principal power switch again.

4. Turn on the front-panel power switch.

When Scan Disk Appears

When the Display

Brightness Is Not Even

If the analyzer was not shut down properly, Windows Scan Disk may run when you turn on the analyzer. When the Scan Disk screen appears, wait until the Scan Disk is completed. If an error is detected, refer to the Windows manual for treatment. For more information on accessing Windows on the analyzer, refer to Using Windows XP on page 2--28.

It is a characteristic of the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) panel to sometimes have uneven brightness, dead pixels (dots t hat never turn on) or stuck pixels (dots that always stay on). This is neither a malfunction nor a defect, and not a cause for repair or exchange.

RSA3408A User Manual

1- 19

Installation

Backing Up User Files

You should back up your user files on a regular basis to ensure against system failures. The Back Up tool is located in the System Tool folder in the Accessory folder of Windows. Start this tool to select the files and folders to back up. For more information, use Windows online help. For more information about access to Windows on the analyzer, refer to Using Windows XP on page 2--28.

The following files should be backed up more frequently:

H Status files (*.sta)

H Data files (*. iqt)

H Trace files (*.trc)

H Correction files (*.cor)

Refer to page 3--229 for details on file operations.

Using LAN

The analyzer is equipped with a LAN Ethernet interface as standard, allowing you to save data in peripheral devices such as other PCs, hard disks, and MO via a network. Refer to page 2--6 for connecting to LAN.

Installing Other Applications

The analyzer incorporates Windows XP as the operating system. Some combinations of internal measurement applications and external applications may cause deterioration in the basic performance or conflicts between these applications. It is not recommended that you install other applications, including Microsoft Word, Excel, and Outlook, on the analyzer. If you install an external application, you do so at your own risk, keeping in mind that it may lower the performance of the analyzer.

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RSA3408A User Manual

Calibration

Perform these routines to optimize the analyzer performance:

H Gain calibration

H Center offset calibration

H DC offset calibration

H IF flatness calibration

H Display brightness adjustment

Each item is explained in this section.

RSA3408A User Manual

1- 21

Calibration

Cal Menu

Use the CAL key to calibrate the analyzer.

Calibrate All Calibrate Gain Calibrate Center Offset Calibrate DC Offset Calibrate IF Flatness Auto Calibration Service...

Figure 1- 17: Calibration menu structure

Yes / No

The Cal menu contains the following controls:

Calibrate All. Performs all possible calibration operations.

Calibrate Gain. Calibrates the internal gain steps.

Refer to page 1--23 for the gain calibration.

Calibrate Center Offset. This calibration cancels a center offset. Refer to page 1--24 for the center offset calibration.

Calibrate DC Offset. This calibration cancels DC offset in baseband. Refer to page 1--25 for the DC offset calibration.

Calibrate IF Flatness. Calibrates the IF (intermediate frequency) flatness. Refer to page 1--25 for the IF flatness calibration.

Auto Calibration. Determines whether to automatically perform all possible calibration operations. The default setting is On.

Service... This menu item is only to be used by qualified personnel for repair and calibration. Refer to the RSA3408A Technical Reference and Service Manual (optional accessory) for details.

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RSA3408A User Manual

Calibrating Gain

Calibration

If you want to perform all possible calibration operations together, press the Calibrate All side key. When Auto Calibration is set to Yes, they will be performed automatically any time the analyzer is in an uncal state.

NOTE. When you run the calibration during signal acquisition, the calibration starts after the acquisition is completed.

The gain calibration calibrates the analyzer’s amplifier gain using the internal signal generator. Run this internal calibration routine as required when you boot the analyzer or when UNCAL (uncalibrated) is displayed during operation.

Allow the analyzer to warm up for 20 minutes before you begin the calibration. The warm-up period allows electrical performance of the analyzer to stabilize.

During normal operation, when the ambient temperature changes by more than ±5 °C from the temperature at the last calibration, UNCAL is displayed in the yellow box at the top of the screen (see Figure 1--18). If this happens, run the gain calibration.

When UNCAL is displayed,

run the gain calibration

UNCAL FREE RUN

Frequency Span Input Att

Figure 1- 18: UNCAL display

To run the gain calibration, do the following:

1. Press the CAL key on the front panel.

RSA3408A User Manual

2. Press the Calibrate Gain side key.

The calibration runs. It takes several seconds to complete the process.

1- 23

Calibration

Calibrating Center Offset

When you display a spectrum and no input signal is present, a spurious emission at the center frequency may appear regardless of frequency settings. The center offset calibration cancels those spurious emissions. If the spurious emission is too obvious when you narrow the span, run the calibration.

NOTE. Option 03 only. When you input I and Q signals from the rear panel connectors, set the IQ input signal level to zero externally.

When the spurious emission appears at

the center of the screen with no input

signal, run the center offset calibration.

1- 24

Figure 1- 19: Center offset

To run the center offset calibration, do the following:

1. Press the CAL key on the front panel.

2. Press the Calibrate Center Offset side key.

The calibration runs. It takes several seconds to complete the process.

RSA3408A User Manual

Calibrating DC Offset

Calibration

The DC offset calibration cancels DC offset that appears at 0 Hz in the baseband (DC to 40 MHz). When you change the amplitude setting and the DC offset is too obvious, run the DC offset calibration.

When DC offset appears at 0 Hz in the baseband, run the calibration.

Calibrating IF Flatness

Figure 1- 20: DC offset

To run the DC offset calibration, do the following:

1. Press the CAL key on the front panel.

2. Press the Calibrate DC Offset side key.

The calibration runs. It takes several seconds to complete the process.

The IF flatness calibration adjusts the IF (intermediate frequency) flatness using the internal signal generat or. It optimizes the flatness of gain and phase within the IF bandwidth automatically. This calibration i s recommended in digital modulation analysis.

To run the IF flatness calibration, do the following:

1. Press the CAL key on the front panel.

2. Press the Calibrate IF Flatness side key.

RSA3408A User Manual

The calibration runs. It takes several seconds to complete the process.

1- 25

Calibration

Adjusting Display Brightness

Adjust the brightness of the display according to your environment.

1. Press the SYSTEM key on the front panel (see Figure 1--21).

SYSTEM menu

Display Brightness

SYSTEM key

Figure 1- 21: System menu

2. Press the Display Brightness side key.

3. Turn the general purpose knob to adjust the brightness.

Confirming Performance

The electrical characteristics described in the RSA3408A Technical Reference can be checked only by our service personnel. If you need any service, contact your local Tektronix representative.

The setting range is 0 to 100.

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RSA3408A User Manual

Operating Basics

Interface Maps

This section describes the controls, connectors, and display:

H Controls and connectors

H Front panel

H Rear panel

H Side panel

H Using a mouse and keyboard

H Display screen

H Elements of the display

H Status display

H Front panel key lock

H Setup display

For using the removable hard disk drive (Option 06), refer to Appendix D.

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2- 1

Interface Maps

Controls and Connectors

Figures 2--1 through 2--3 on the following pages show the controls and connectors on the front, the side, and the rear panels. For the connector specifications, refer to the RSA3408A Technical Reference.

123

Figure 2- 1: Front panel

578910

2- 2

RSA3408A User Manual

Interface Maps

Front-Panel Interface

1. Display. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).

Size: 21.3 cm (8.4 inch) Resolution: 800 × 600 dots Color: 256 colors maximum

2. Side Keys. Select menu items associated with menu keys.

3. Menu keys. Select menus. Refer to page 2-- 15 for details.

Refer to page 2--18 for menu operations.

4. Keypad. Enters alphanumeric characters. Refer to page 2--19 for entering a

numeric value and page 3--238 for entering a file name.

5. RF input connector. Connects an input signal.

Type: N-type connector Input impedance: 50 Ω Maximum capacity of non-breakdown input: 30 dBm

CAUTION. Do not apply a signal of more than +30dBm; to do so may damage the instrument.

6. Preamplifier power source. Provides power source for a preamplifier

(optional accessory). Refer to the RSA3408A Technical Reference for

specifications.

7. General purpose knob. C hanges a setting.

8. Up/Down keys. Increases or decreases a value.

Refer to page 2--20 for changing a setting using the general purpose knob or

the up/down keys.

9. Power switch (ON/STANDBY). Refer t o page 1 --10 for applying power.

10. LED. Green on operating, orange on standby.

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2- 3

Interface Maps

12345

Figure 2- 2: Rear panel

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RSA3408A User Manual

Interface Maps

Rear-Panel Interface

1. REF IN/OUT connector. A50Ω BNC connector for reference signal

input/output to synchronize the analyzer with other instrument.

2. I+/I-- INPUT connector (Option 03 only). A50Ω BNC connector for

I signal differential input. When using one connector as a single-ended input,

terminate the other end in 50 Ω.

3. Q+/Q-- INPUT connector (Option 03 only)

. A50Ω BNC connector for

Q signal differential input. When using one connector as a s ingle-ended

input, terminate the other end in 50 Ω.

For the connectors 1, 2,and3 above, refer to Selecting Input Source on

page 3--227 to control the reference signal input/output and I/Q input.

4. TRIG IN/OUT connector. A50Ω BNC connector for trigger signal

input/output. Refer to page 3--147 for trigger.

5. 421 MHz IF OUT connector. A50Ω BNC connector for 421 MHz IF

(Intermediate Frequency) output.

6. GPIB connector. Used to control t he analyzer from an external controller.

Refer to the RSA3408A Programmer Manual for GPIB control.

7. DIGITAL IQ OUT (Option 05 only). MDR (3M) 50-pin connectors for

generating I and Q data after A/D conversion (refer to Architecture on

page 1--6) to store and analyze on an external PC. For the pin assignment,

refer t o Appendix C.

NOTE. IQ Input (option 03) and Digital IQ Output (option 05) function connectors are factory pre-installed. The functions are enabled by software key code entry. Ensure that the required key code has been accepted by the instrument before you use these functions. Refer to Displaying Versions and Installed Options on page 2--26 for entering the key code.

8. AC line connector. Connect an AC power cable.

WARNING. The instrument uses a power plug as a disconnecting device. The instrument shall be installed where the plug can be easily reached by the operator. When you do not use the instrument for a long time or in case of emergency, you should unplug the power cord.

9. PRINCIPAL POWER SWITCH. When this switch is on, the internal

standby circuit is energized. Refer to page 1--10 for applying power.

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Interface Maps

Side-Panel Interface

Figure 2- 3: Side panel

1. Indicator. Indicates whether the disk drive is active.

CAUTION. When this indicator is lit, you must not remove the disk from the disk drive. If you do so, the data stored on the medium may be destroyed or an error may occur.

2. Floppy disk drive. A 3.5-inch 2HD (1.44MB) or 2DD (720KB) disk formatted for MS-DOS can be used to save and load data and settings.

3. LAN Ethernet connector. 10/100BASE-T connector. When you reboot the analyzer after connecting to LAN, the analyzer recognizes the network speed automatically and sets it to 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps. You can share resources such as files or disks on the network.

NOTE. The Windows XP default network settings are done when the instrument is shipped from the factory. Contact your system administrator for information about setting network parameters in your LAN.

2- 6

For using Windows XP on the analyzer, refer to page 2--28.

RSA3408A User Manual

Interface Maps

4. VGA output connector. 15 pin D-sub connector (female) to send the display of this instrument to another monitor.

NOTE. When you use an external monitor, connect a VGA cable to the analyzer and to the monitor, then turn on the monitor before you turn on the analyzer.

5. USB connectors (two ports). Connect USB devices such as a mouse, keyboard, and printer. You can connect the devices any time, with no setup (plug & play), to either or both ports. You can also connect a mouse to a USB port on a keyboard (see Figure 2--4).

USB

Figure 2- 4: Connecting USB devices

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Interface Maps

Using a Mouse and

Keyboard

Click the menu to

select the item

You can directly input the

value with the keyboard

You can operate the analyzer using the standard accessory mouse and keyboard instead of the side keys and the front panel keypad.

The mouse and keyboard operations are as follows:

H Click the menu item instead of pressing the side keys.

H If the menu item has arrow buttons, click them to select the value.

Span (Hz)

Click the arrow buttons to adjust the value

XXX

Figure 2- 5: Operation with mouse and keyboard

Table 2- 1: Key functions of the keyboard

Key Purpose Function

Numeric keys Numeric input Enter a numeric value in a numeric input field.

Left/Right arrow keys

Home Caret move Moves the caret to the beginning of an input field.

End Caret move Moves the caret to the end of an input field.

Backspace Alphanumeric input Deletes the character before the caret.

Delete Alphanumeric input Deletes the character after the caret.

ESC Alphanumeric input Aborts a numeric entry and restores the original value.

ENTER Alphanumeric input Accepts a value in the input field.

Korkkey Alphanumeric input Kilo (103). Press ENTER to complete entry of the value.

Mkey Alphanumeric input Mega (106). Press ENTER to complete entry of the value.

Gorgkey Alphanumeric input Giga (109). Press ENTER to complete entry of the value.

mkey Alphanumeric input milli (10

Uorukey Alphanumeric input micro (10

Nornkey Alphanumeric input nano (10

Caret move Moves the caret in an alpha or numeric input field.

-- 3

). Press ENTER to complete entry of the value.

-- 6

). Press ENTER to complete entry of the value.

-- 9

). Press ENTER to complete entry of the value.

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RSA3408A User Manual

Display Screen

Interface Maps

Figure 2--6 shows the elements of the display screen.

RSA3408A User Manual

76 5

Figure 2- 6: Display screen configuration

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Interface Maps

Elements of the Display

1. Setup display area. Displays the current hardware value. Refer to Setup Display on page 2--13.

2. Progress bar. Indicates the progress of the acquisition cycle on the left bar and the measurement cycle on the right bar. The progress fills up in blue fromlefttoright.

3. Date/Time disp l ay area. Shows the current date and time.

4. Status display area. Shows the trigger status. Refer to Status Display on

page 2--11.

5. Side menu display area. When you press a menu key on the front panel, the menu associated with that key is displayed. Refer to page 2--15 for details of menu items.

6. Menu setting display area. Displays the last setting of the menu item that can be set with the general purpose knob.

7. View. The View window displays the waveform or the measurement results. Multiple views can be displayed on one display screen, depending on the measurement mode.

For more information, refer to: Spectrum Analysis (S/A mode) page 3--1 Modulation Analysis (Demod mode) page 3--27 Time Analysis (Time mode) page 3--83 Setting Views page 3--183

8. Measurement function display area. Displays the measurement function currently in use (the settings of the Mode and Measure menus).

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RSA3408A User Manual

Interface Maps

Status Display

The status display area in the upper right side of the screen (see Figure 2-- 7) shows the instrument status as listed in Table 2--2.

Status display

Figure 2- 7: Status display

Table 2- 2: Status display

Item Description

ARM The pre-trigger portion of the acquisition record is filling.

A trigger event occurring during this state will not be recognized.

READY Pre-trigger data has been acquired, and the instrument is waiting for a

trigger event.

TRIG’D Pre-trigger data has been acquired, and a trigger event has been detected.

The instrument is now acquiring post-trigger data.

FREE RUN The instrument acquires and measures without waiting for a trigger event.

PAUSE The user has temporarily stopped acquisition/measurement cycling.

The acquired data is stored in the data memory from address zero in order of acquisition. When you set a trigger condition, the acquired data is stored in the pre-trigger region until the trigger event occurs. Thereafter, it is stored in the post-trigger region (see Figure 2--8).

Pre-trigger region Post-trigger regionData memory

Time

Trigger point

Figure 2- 8: Pre- and post-trigger regions

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Interface Maps

Front Panel Key Lock

When controlling t his instrument through GPIB, you can disable all the keys on the front panel except the power switch using the :SYSTEM:KLOCK command. At this time, the message “PANEL LOCK” is displayed on the top side key (see Figure 2--9).

PANEL LOCK

Front-panel key lock display

Figure 2- 9: Key lock display

To cancel the key lock, the following two methods can be used:

H Use the :SYSTEM:KLOCK command to cancel.

H Turn off the power and then on.

Refer to the RSA3303A and RSA3308A Programmer Manual for information about the GPIB commands.

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RSA3408A User Manual

Interface Maps

Setup Display

Setup display

The setup display area in the upper part of the screen shows the analyzer hardware settings (see Figure 2--10). The contents differ depending on the measurement mode: spectrum analysis (S/A), m odulation analysis (Demod), or time analysis (Time), as shown in Table 2--3.

Figure 2- 10: Setup display

Table 2- 3: Setup display

Item Description Mode

Frequency Indicates the center frequency. All

Span Indicates the span.

Input Att. Indicates the attenuation of an input signal

before it enters the internal mixer.

RBW Indicates RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) for

compatibility with swept spectrum analyzers. Refer to FFT and RBW on page 3--163.

NBW Indicates NBW (Noise Bandwidth) instead of

RBW when FFT-processed data does not go through RBW process.

Trace 1 and 2 Indicates the Trace 1 and 2 trace type.

Spectrum Length Indicates time length of a 1024-point FFT frame.

It is determined by the span.

Spectrum Interval Indicates time interval between FFT frames.

Refer to FFT Start Point on page 3--166.

Acquisition Length Indicates time to acquire a block of data.

It can be set in the Timing menu.

S/A

Real Time S/A

Demod and Time

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Interface Maps

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RSA3408A User Manual

Functional Overview

This section provides the operating fundamentals:

H Menu Keys

H Menu Operations

H Measurement Basics

H Setting System Parameters

H Using Windows XP

Menu Keys

Menu keys on the front panel (shown in Figure 2--11 on page 2--16) are divided into the following three functional groups:

H MEASUREMENT

Sets frequency, amplitude, and time parameters for specified measurement and controls data acquisition.

H DISPLAY

The Display group is divided into the following three subgroups:

H MODE. Selects a measurement mode.

H VIEW. Selects a view content and scales a measurement graph.

H MARKERS. Controls markers.

H UTILITY

Provides system initialization, waveform storage facilities, instrument calibration, screen hard copy, and miscellaneous other functions.

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Functional Overview

(pg

)

Measurement group Display group Utility group

Figure 2- 11: Menu keys

Table 2 --4 summarizes the front-panel menu key functions. For details, refer to each section listed in the Reference column.

Table 2- 4: Menu key summary

Menu group Menu key Function Reference

MEASUREMENT FREQUENCY

/CHANNEL

SPAN Sets span.

AMPLITUDE Sets amplitude. Setting Amplitude (page 3--127)

TIMING Sets timing parameters. Setting Timing Parameters

RUN/STOP Start or stop data acquisition. Starting/Stopping Data Acquisition

TRIG Controls trigger. Trigger (page 3--147)

RBW/FFT Sets RBW and FFT parameters. FFT and RBW (page 3--163)

TRACE/AVG Controls trace display and average function. Trace Comparison Display and

Sets frequency or channel. Setting Frequency and Span

(page 3--119)

(page 3--141)

(page 2--24)

Average Function (page 3--173)

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RSA3408A User Manual

Functional Overview

Spect

rumAnalysis(S/AMode

)

(page31

)

(

27)

Analysis(TimeMode)

TimeAnalysis(TimeMode

)

SettingViews(page3183

)

(

211

)

g,y

Table 2- 4: Menu key summary (Cont.)

Menu group ReferenceFunctionMenu key

MEASUREMENT M EASURE Selects a measurement item.

MEAS SETUP Sets measurement parameters.

DISPLAY: MODE S/A Selects spectrum analysis.

DEMOD Selects modulation analysis.

TIME Selects time analysis.

DISPLAY: VIEW SELECT Selects a view on screen.

DEFINE Sets view format.

SCALE Scales a graph.

LINES Controls display lines. Display Line (page 3--203)

DISPLAY: MARKERS PEAK Searches for peak on waveform.

YBA" Move the marker to the next peak.

SELECT Selects a marker.

MARKER ➡ Sets parameters based on the marker position.

MARKER SETUP Sets marker parameters.

UTILITY HELP Displays online help. Using Online Help (page 3--223)

INPUT Selects the input source. Selecting Input Source (page 3--227)

CAL Calibrates the analyzer. Calibration (page 1--21)

SYSTEM Controls system parameters. Setting System Parameters

PRESET Returns settings to the factory defaults. Restoring Default Settings

LOAD Load data from a file. File Operations

SAVE Savedatatoafile.

PRINT Prints the screen image. Screen Copy (page 3--253)

MACRO Shows a menu listing all macros. For installing macros, contact your

MACRO SETUP Shows a menu to configure macros.

(page 3--1)

Modulation Analysis (Demod Mode)

page3--

Time

(page 3--83)

Setting Views (page 3--183)

Marker Operation and Peak Search

page3--

(page 2--25)

(page 2--24)

(page 3--229)

local Tektronix sales office.

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Functional Overview

Menu Operations

This section describes basic operations of the analyzer menus and how to select menu items and input numeric values.

Menu Item Information

Up to nine soft keys can be displayed down the right side of the screen (see Figure 2--12). Cancel - Back is always displayed at the top, and the other eight keys select menu items.

Cancel - Back (always displayed) Returns to the last displayed menu or cancels a partial numeric entry from the keypad.

Opens a menu.

2- 18

Figure 2- 12: Example menu item display

NOTE. When the setting is prohibited or is not available, the item is displayed in gray.

RSA3408A User Manual

Functional Overview

Menu Item Types

The different types of menu items are shown in Figure 2--13.

Numeric entry

The current value of parameter is displayed. To change the value, press the associated side key and use the general purpose knob, up/down keys, or the keypad.

Toggle

You can switch selection items by pressing the associated side key.

Function execution

The function indicated on the label is executed by pressing the associated side key. In this example, the “Channel Power” measurement is performed.

Move to sub-menu

If the label is followed by “...”, you can move to a lower-level menu by pressing the associated side key.

Move between pages

When the number of menu items is greater than seven, this menu appears. To move to the next page, press the associated side key. If you are on the last page, you will return to the first page.

Numeric Input

Invalid

Menu items without labels do not cause any action.

Figure 2- 13: Menu item types

An example numeric input field is shown in Figure 2--14. In this type of field, you can change the numeric value by turning the general purpose knob, by pressing the up/down (▲B) keys, or by entering a value using the keypad.

Numeric input field

Figure 2- 14: Numeric setting menu

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Functional Overview

Changing a Setting Using the General Purpose Knob or the Up/Down Keys.

1. Press the side key for setting a numeric value. For example, press FREQUENCY/CHANNEL → Center Freq to set a center frequency.

The menu item changes to the display as shown in Figure 2--15.

Indicates that numeric values can be changed with the general purpose knob.

Numeric input field

Figure 2- 15: Changing value with the knob

2. Turn the general purpose knob to increase or decrease the value.

You can also use the up and down (▲B) keys to increase or decrease a setting value, respectively.

Down key:

Decreases the value.

Up key: Increases the value.

General purpose knob: Rotate clockwise to increase the value and counterclockwise to decrease the value.

The up and down keys have the same functions as the general purpose knob except the step size (the amount per click by which the general purpose knob changes a setting value or the amount per press for the up and down keys) as follows:

H For the general purpose knob, the step size is determined internally.

You can not change the step size.

H For the up and down keys, the step size is set with the Step Size side key.

Refer to Changing the Step Size on page 2--22 for the detail.

The changed value is immediately reflected on the analyzer settings and displays.

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RSA3408A User Manual

Functional Overview

Entering a Value Using the Keypad. You can enter values using the front panel keypad, shown in Figure 2--17.

1. Press the side key for setting a numeric value. For example, press FREQUENCY/CHANNEL → Center Freq to set a center frequency.

The menu item changes to the display shown in Figure 2--16.

Indicates that numeric values can be changed with the general purpose knob.

Numeric input field

Figure 2- 16: Changing value with the keypad

2. Press the keys required to enter the desired numeric value. For example, t o enter the frequency 123.45 MHz, press 123.45MHz.

To delete an entered number, press the BKSP (Backspace) key.

Deletes a character before the cursor.

Accepts the input.

Numeric value keys

The unit keys also function as the ENTER key. Input is immediately accepted when one of those keys is pressed.

Figure 2- 17: Numeric keypad

3. Confirm the input by pressing the unit key or ENTER key. The confirmed value is immediately reflected to the analyzer settings and display.

RSA3408A User Manual

Press the Cancel - Back side key to cancel the change.

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Functional Overview

Changing the Step Size

When using the up and down (YB) keys to increase or decrease a setting value, you can change the step s ize (the amount per press by which the up or down key changes the setting value) with the Step Size side key. (The step size cannot be changed for menu items that do not display Step Size.)

In the example shown in Figure 2--18, the step size for the center frequency is set to 100 kHz; the displayed frequency set value changes by 100 kHz step for each press of the up or down key.

Step size

Figure 2- 18: Step size for the center frequency

Step Size for Center Frequency. The step size is set with the Step Size side key.

The center frequency step size can be also set with two side keys in the Frequency/Channel menu (see Figure 2--19 below).

H Center Freq Step Same As C.F. Useful for quickly locating harmonics of a

signal seen at the center frequency.

H Center Freq Step Same As Span. Useful for quickly analyzing a larger

frequency area without overlapping span windows.

Sets the center frequency step size to the same value as the center frequency.

Sets the center frequency step size to the same value as the span.

Figure 2- 19: Changing the step size to the predetermined values

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RSA3408A User Manual

Measurement Basics

Functional Overview

Selecting the

When you start a measurement, first select the measurement mode.

Measurement Mode

Spectrum Analyzer

Spectrum analysis

Modulation analysis

Time analysis

Figure 2- 20: Selecting the measurement mode

For details on each mode, refer to the section shown in Table 2--5.

Table 2- 5: Measurement modes

Menu key Measurement mode Description Reference

S/A with Spectrogram Real Time S/A Real Time S/A with Zoom Standard...

Analog Demod Digital Demod (Option 21) Standard...

Transient CCDF Pulse Measurements Signal Source Analysis (Option 21)

Spectrum analysis

S/A Spectrum Analyzer General spectrum analysis Spectrum Analysis

S/A with Spectrogram Spectrum analysis with spectrogram

(S/A Mode)

page3--

Real Time S/A Real-time spectrum analysis

Real Time S/A with Zoom Real-time spectrum analysis with zoom function

Standard...

Communication standard specific analysis

Modulation analysis

DEMOD Analog Demod Analog modulation analysis Modulation Analysis

Digital Demod Digital modulation analysis (Option 21)

Standard...

Communication standard specific analysis

(Demod Mode)

page3--

Time analysis

TIME Transient Time characteristics analysis Time Analysis

CCDF CCDF analysis

(Time Mode)

page3--

Pulse Measurements Pulse characteristics analysis

Signal Source Analysis Signal source analysis (Option 21)

Contains optional analysis functions. Refer to Appendix F: Options and Accessories for optional software.

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Functional Overview

Starting/Stopping Data

Acquisition

Restoring D efault Settings

Use the RUN/STOP key on the front panel to start or stop data acquisition.

RUN/STOP Starts or stops data acquisition.

Figure 2- 21: Starting/Stopping data acquisition

If acquisition and measurements are waiting for a trigger, or are paused/stopped, pressing this key will start the acquisition. If acquisition and measurements are running, pressing this key will stop acquisition and measurements, aborting the current acquisition.

The analyzer saves the settings when it is turned off. When you turn on the analyzer, it starts with the settings as they were when it was shut down.

2- 24

PRESET key restores default settings for current measurement mode.

SYSTEM → Reset All to F actory Defaults restores all default settings for the analyzer.

Figure 2- 22: Restoring default settings

H Pressing the PRESET key returns the instrument settings to the factory

defaults for the current measurement mode.

H Pressing SYSTEM → Reset All to Factory Defaults sets all parameters for

all measurements and modes to the default values.

RSA3408A User Manual

Setting System Parameters

The System menu sets system-wide parameters such as the display brightness, factory defaults, and GPIB address.

Display Brightness Reset All to Factory Defaults Remote Setup... Version and Installed Options... Instrument Setup...

Functional Overview

Scroll Option Key Change Option Key

Figure 2- 23: System menu

System Menu

Angular Units (Phase) Digital IQ Output

Degrees / Radians

On / Off

The System menu contains the following controls:

Display Brightness. Adjusts the brightness of display. Setting range: 0 to 100.

Reset All to Factory Defaults. Sets all parameters for all measurements and

modes to the default values.

Remote Setup... Sets GPIB parameters. Refer to the RSA3408A Programmer Manual for details.

Versions and Installed Options. Displays the current versions of all standard and optional software, and any third party software licenses. Refer to page 2--26 for information about displaying versions and installed options.

Instrument Setup... Sets the fundamental parameters for measurements.

H Angular Units. Selects degree (default) or radian for the angular unit.

RSA3408A User Manual

H Digital IQ Output. Option05Only.Turns on or off the digital IQ output

from the rear panel connectors.

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Functional Overview

Displaying Versions and

Installed Options

You can see the system versions and i nstalled options. For information on options for the analyzer, refer to Appendix F: Options and Accessories.

1. Press the SYSTEM key on the front panel.

2. Press the Versions and Installed Options... side key.

The screen appears as shown in Figure 2--24.

Scroll

Scroll the option list when there are many options.

System version

Installed options

Option Key / Change Option Key

Allow you to use option (if available). To check on the availability of option, contact your local Tektronix office.

Figure 2- 24: Displaying versions and options

The following information is shown on the screen:

H Version

H Main System: Basic application software version

H Sub System: Firmware version

H Option

The table shows version and name of the option installed. The “Option Key” field tells you the following information:

H Present: Indicates that you can use the option.

H Not Present: Indicates that you cannot use the option.

For information about how to remove the protection and use the option, refer to Enabling the Option.

3. To exit the version display, press any front-panel key.

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RSA3408A User Manual

Functional Overview

Enabling the Option.

1. Contact your local Tektronix office to order the option. You will receive an option key (alphanumeric code).

2. Press the Option Key side key (see Figure 2--24) and enter the option key using the alphanumeric keypad on the front panel.

NOTE. To input “--” (hyphen), press the “.” (period) key.

3. Press the Change Option Key side key to accept the input.

Now you can use the option on the analyzer.

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Functional Overview

Using Windows XP

This analyzer operates under Windows XP. You can switch to a Windows XP desktop screen or execute a Windows XP application program.

Displaying the

Windows Desktop

Starting Windows XP

Applications

To display the Windows desktop screen, follow these steps:

1. Connect a USB mouse and keyboard to the analyzer. For the USB connectors on the side panel, see Figure 2--3 on page 2--6.

2. Use a mouse to move the pointer to the bottom of screen (see Figure 2--25). The task bar appears.

3. Locate the pointer on the RSA3408A icon in the task bar and right-click. A menu appears.

4. Select Close from the menu. The analyzer system program terminates and the Windows XP desktop screen appears.

Switching from Windows Desktop to the Analyzer View. To switch from the Windows desktop screen to the analyzer view display, from the task bar, select Start → Program → TEK RTSA. The analyzer program starts.

When you use a mouse to move the pointer to the bottom of screen, a task bar appears (see Figure 2--25). The task bar contains Start and the analyzer application icons. Follow the Windows XP operating procedure and access Windows applications using the Start menu.

Setting Date and Time

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The screen displays the date and time managed by the Windows XP operating system. You can use the Windows time setting program to set the date and time.

RSA3408A User Manual

Functional Overview

When you move the mouse pointer to the bottom of the screen, the task bar appears.

RSA icon

Figure 2- 25: Displaying the Windows XP accessory menu

Task bar

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Functional Overview

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RSA3408A User Manual

Tutorial

This section provides some basic procedures such as applying power, displaying the results of measurements, and shutting off the analyzer. This section uses default settings in most examples.

H Preparations: Connecting devices and applying the power

H Displaying spectrum

H Using markers and peak search

H Using averaging and comparison displays

H Displaying spectrogram

H Spectrum analysis

H Modulation analysis

H Turning off the power

NOTE. You must complete the installation procedures (starting on page 1--9) before performing any of the following steps.

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Tutorial

Preparations

This tutorial uses a digitally-modulated signal. The following equipment is used as a signal source:

H Analog signal generator (example: HP8657B)

H One 50 Ω coaxial cable

Connecting the Signal

Generator

1. Connect the output of the signal generator to the RF INPUT connector on the analyzer front panel using a coaxial cable (see Figure 2--26).

RF INPUT (N type connector)

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Figure 2- 26: Cable connection

2. Set the signal generator as follows:

Center frequency 100 MHz...........

Output level --10 dBm..............

Modulation type AM...........

Modulation source Internal 10 kHz.........

Modulation depth 50%..........

RSA3408A User Manual

Tutorial

Applying the Power

1. Apply power to the signal generator.

2. Turn on the principal power switch (PRINCIPAL POWER SWITCH)on

the rear panel, as shown in Figure 2--27. The orange LED on the front panel lights.

Principal power switch

Power switch

LED

Figure 2- 27: Principal power switch (rear panel)

3. Turn on the power switch (ON/STANDBY) on the front panel, as shown in Figure 2--28.

Figure 2- 28: Power switch (ON/STANDBY)

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Tutorial

The initial screen shown i n Figure 2--29 appears after Windows XP starts up (the background color is in white in this manual to make figures more viewable).

Restoring D efault Settings

Figure 2- 29: Initial screen

The analyzer saves the settings when it is turned off. When you turn on the analyzer, it starts with the settings as they were when it was shut down.

This tutorial starts with the factory default settings. Perform the following steps to restore the factory default settings:

1. Press the SYSTEM key.

2. Press the Reset All to Factory Defaults side key.

The instrument is now ready to take measurements.

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Displaying Spectrum

Amplitude

Tutorial

This section describes how to set t he frequency, span, and amplitude, and then appropriately display the spectrum. Figure 2--30 shows the settings.

Frequency

(Center frequency)

Setting Center Frequency

and Span

FREQUENCY/CHANNEL key

Span

Figure 2- 30: Frequency, span, and amplitude settings

The center frequency is set to 1.5 GHz, and span is set to 36 MHz when you power on the analyzer. Change the settings of center frequency and span to display the waveform around 100 MHz.

1. Press the FREQUENCY/CHANNEL key on the front panel.

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Tutorial

The FREQUENCY/CHANNEL menu, shown in Figure 2--31, is displayed on the right side of the screen. Notice that the Frequency menu item is available for entering the numeric value for center frequency.

Center Freq (Hz)

XXX

Indicates that the general purpose knob is available

Numeric value input field

Figure 2- 31: Menu items for numeric value input

You can change the value using the general purpose knob or enter the value using the numeric value entry keypad, shown in Figure 2--32.

2. Enter the new center frequency at 100 MHz. Because the interval between

1.5 GHz (current setting) and 100 MHz is wide, it is more convenient to use the keypad here.

Press 100MHz, in order, on the keypad.

The GHz, MHz, kHz,andHz keys also function as enter keys. When you press any of these keys, the numeric value you enter will be set immediately.

If you enter incorrect values, clear them using the BKSP (back space) key and then enter the correct digit.

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Clears the character preceding the cursor.

The unit keys also function as enter keys. When you press any of these keys, the numeric value you enter will be set immediately.

Accepts the inputs.

Numeric keys

Figure 2- 32: Numeric value entry keypad

RSA3408A User Manual

Tutorial

The spectrum waveform is displayed on the screen as shown in Figure 2--33. The current setting is displayed on the bottom of the screen (“Center Freq (MHz): 100” in this example).

The current setting is

displayed in this field.

SPAN key

Figure 2- 33: Center frequency of 100 MHz, span of 36 MHz

The next step is to set the span. It is currently set to 36 MHz as the default value. Change the setting to 20 kHz.

3. Press the SPAN key on the front panel.

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Tutorial

The Span menu item is selected.

Span

Indicates that the general purpose knob is available

(Hz)

XXX

4. Turn the general purpose knob to the left to select 20k. The hardware is set with the selected value immediately.

The spectrum waveform is displayed on the screen as shown in Figure 2--34.

Numeric value input field

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Figure 2- 34: Center frequency of 100 MHz, span of 20 kHz

RSA3408A User Manual

Tutorial

Setting Up Amplitude

--100 dBm

In Figure 2--35, the vertical scale shows the spectrum view, set up for 10 dB per division. Ref level is the maximum value of the vertical axis, and it is set to 0 dBm when the analyzer is powered on. Observe the change in the waveform as you change this setting in the following procedure:

0dBm

Ref Level setting

10 dB

Figure 2- 35: Setting amplitude

AMPLITUDE key

1. Press the Amplitude key on the front panel.

The Amplitude menu is displayed on the right side of the screen. Notice that the Ref Level item is available for entering amplitude (see Figure 2--36).

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Tutorial

Ref Level

Indicates that the general purpose knob is available

(dBm)

XXX

Figure 2- 36: Menu items for numeric value input

2. Observe the changes in the waveform as you turn the general purpose knob.

H As you turn the knob to the right, the amplitude increases and the

waveform shifts to a relatively lower position.

H As you turn the knob to the left, the amplitude decreases and the

waveform shifts to a relatively higher position.

In Figure 2--37, the amplitude is set to 10 dBm. When the amplitude is set to 0 dBm or higher, a blue standard line is displayed indicating 0 dBm.

3. Set the Ref Level back to 0 dBm after confirming the amplitude operation.

Numeric value input field

0 dBm reference line

Figure 2- 37: Reference level of 10 dBm

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Tutorial

Starting and Stopping

Data Acquisition

Use the RUN/STOP key to start or stop data acquisition. There are two acquisition modes: the continuous mode, in which data is acquired repeatedly, and the single mode, in which one waveform is acquired. You can select the mode using the Trig menu.

RUN/STOP key

TRIG key

By default, the analyzer is now acquiring data in the continuous mode.

1. Press the RUN/STOP key to stop data acquisition.

When acquisition stops, “PAUSE” is shown in the status indicator on screen (see Figure 2--38).

Status indicator

Figure 2- 38: Status indicator

2. Acquire data in the single mode using the following steps:

a. Press the TRIG key on the front panel.

b. Press the Repeat... side key and select Single.

c. Press the RUN/STOP key to acquire data. One waveform is acquired

and displayed every time you press the key.

3. Press the Repeat... side key again and select Continuous to return to the continuous mode.

When acquisition starts, “READY” is displayed in the status indicator, indicating that the analyzer is ready for trigger.

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Tutorial

Using Markers and Peak Search

The markers are used to measure amplitude or frequency (and also t o find the peak signal).

One or two markers can be displayed as Marker 1 and 2. To measure an absolute value, only Marker 1 is used, and that is called “single marker mode.” To measure a relative value, Markers 1 and 2 are used, and that is called “delta marker mode.” To position the markers, use the general purpose knob or the numeric input keypad.

Measuring with a

Single Marker

1. Press the MARKER SETUP key on the front panel.

MARKER SETUP key Selects the behavior of the markers.

2. Press the Markers side key to select Single.

The marker (V) appears at center on the waveform.

3. The Marker X Position menu item is selected by default. Turn the general purpose knob to move the marker to a measurement point (see Figure 2--39).

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RSA3408A User Manual

Tektronix RSA3408A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Warranty 2

Service Options

Table of Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

General Safety Summary

Preface

About This Manual

Related Documents

Conventions

Product Overview

Features

Application

Real-Time Analysis

Architecture

Installation

Unpacking to Check Contents

Applying Power

Setting Up the Stand

Functional Check

Powering Off the Analyzer

Restarting the Analyzer

Backing Up User Files

Installing Other Applications

Calibration

Cal Menu

Calibrating Gain

Calibrating Center Offset

Calibrating DC Offset

Calibrating IF Flatness

Adjusting Display Brightness

Confirming Performance

Interface Maps

Controls and Connectors

Display Screen

Functional Overview

Menu Keys

Menu Operations

Measurement Basics

Setting System Parameters

Using Windows XP

Tutorial

Preparations

Displaying Spectrum

Using Markers and Peak Search