Tektronix RFX100 Printed Help Document

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RFXpress® RFX100 Advanced RF/IF/IQ Waveform Creation and Editing Software

ZZZ

for the AWG5000 & AWG7000 Series Signal Generators

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RFXpress® RFX100 Advanced RF/IF/IQ Waveform Creation and Editing Software for the AWG5000 & AWG7000 Series Signal Generators

ZZZ

PrintedHelpDocument

www.tektronix.com

077-0045-12

Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions.

Tektronix products are covered by U.S. a nd foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Speciﬁcations and price change privileges reserved.

TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

Tektronix is pleased to acknowledge Mr. Joan Mercade as the author of portions of this Tektronix RFXpress Software providing baseband and modulation functionality.

SourceGrid LICENSE, Copyright (c ) 2006 www.devage.com, David Icardi.

MATLAB

RFXpress

RFX100 Online Help Version 4.1, part number 076-0081-12.

Contacting Tektronix

Tektronix, Inc. 14150 S P. O . Box 500 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA

WKarlBraunDrive

For product information, sales, service, and technical support:

rth America, call 1-800-833-9200.

In No Worldwide, visit www.tektronix.com to ﬁnd contacts in your area.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Welcome............................................................................................................. 1

Related Documentation ............................. .................................. ............................. 1

Conventions...... .................................. ................................ ................................ . 2

Feedback...................... .................................. ................................ ..................... 2

Getting Started

Minimum System Requirements..................... .................................. ........................... 3

Ordering RFXpress.............................. ................................ .................................. . 3

Installation........................................................................................................... 4

Connection Setups

Setup for RF Signal Generation........................... ................................ ................... 4

Setup for IF Signal Generation............................................................................... 5

Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation....................................................................... 6

Table of Contents

Operating Basics

About Basic Operations............................................................................................ 9

Overview of the Software ........................................................................................ 10

Starting the Software ............ ................................ .................................. ................ 12

Using the Software to Create a Signal........................................................................... 12

Exiting the Software. ... . . .... . .... .... . .... .... . .... .... . .... . .... .... . .... .... . .... .... . .... . .... .... . .... .... . .. 13

File Name Extensions and Directories .......................................................................... 13

Applications, Setup Files, and Data Files ........................... ................................ ............ 14

Menus and Toolbars

Menu Bar ...................................................................................................... 15

Standard Toolbar.............................................................................................. 18

Status Bar...................................................................................................... 19

Waveform List .. .................................. ................................ ............................ 19

Toolbar Options

Select Application ............................................................................................ 22

Signal Type .................. ................................ .................................. ................ 22

Compile.............. .................................. ................................ ........................ 22

On/Off............................ .................................. ................................ ............ 23

Run ............... .................................. ................................ ............................ 23

Dialog Boxes

Open Setup .................................................................................................... 23

Open Data ..................................................................................................... 23

Save Setup........... .................................. ................................ ........................ 23

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual i

Table of Contents

Save Data ...................... ................................ ................................ ................ 24

Import Data from a File .. ................................ .................................. .................. 24

Set Sampling Rate for Imported Waveforms .............................................................. 27

Resample Imported Waveform .............................................................................. 27

Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope.. ..... .... . .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... . .... ..... .... . .... . .... ..... ... 28

Find Instruments .............................................................................................. 29

Graph......................................... ................................ ................................ .. 30

Compile Settings.............................. .................................. .............................. 32

Option Installation ............................................................................................ 36

Overview .................... ................................ .................................. ................ 37

Generic Signal Dialog Boxes

PRBS Editor ............................. .................................. ................................ .... 41

Data Source Values........................................................................................... 42

Modulation File1(Samples).................... ................................ .............................. 43

Modulation File2(Symbols) ................................................................................. 45

Symbol Map................... ................................ .................................. .............. 46

Conﬁgure IF ......................... ................................ ................................ .......... 49

Calibration Wizard

Calibration for Generic, Radar, and OFDM Signals .................... .................................. 50

DUT Characterization

DUT Characterization Wizard..................... ................................ .......................... 53

UWB-WiMedia Dialog Boxes

Calibration for UWB-WiMedia Sig

Marker Mapping .............................................................................................. 57

Tone Nulling... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... ..... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... .... 59

Hopping Pattern............................................................................................... 60

Process Preferences........................................................................................... 60

Custom Settings............................................................................................... 62

Frame Payload .......... ................................ .................................. .................... 64

Radar Dialog

Compile Settings for the Radar Application................... ................................ ............ 65

Add Pulse Groups............................................................................................. 67

OFDM Dialog Boxes

Compile Settings for OFDM ................................................................................ 67

Reed Solomon Coding ......... ................................ ................................ .............. 69

Scramble Editor................. .................................. ................................ ............ 71

Convolution Coding.......................................................................................... 72

Tone Nulling... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... ..... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... .... 73

Frequency Hopping........................................................................................... 73

Gated Noise ................................................................................................... 74

Environment Dialog Boxes

Compile Settings for Environment Signals ................................................................ 74

nal........... ................................ .......................... 54

Boxes

ii RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Radar Conﬁgure............................................................................................... 76

Creating a Generic Signal

Setup

Single Carrier.................................. .................................. .............................. 79

Multi Carriers ......................... ................................ .................................. ...... 80

Editing Carrier Detai

Selecting the Base Data .................. ................................ ................................ .... 83

Modulation for Carriers...................................................................................... 84

Filter for Carriers ....................... .................................. ................................ .... 85

Hopping

Hopping Parameters.......................................................................................... 87

Power Ramping

Power Ramping Parameters ................................................................................. 89

I/Q Impairments

Carrier Leakage for Single Carr

Quadrature Error for Carriers................................................................................ 90

I/Q Imbalance for Carriers........................... ................................ ........................ 91

Nonlinear Distortions for Carriers .......................................................................... 92

Hardware Skew for Carriers..................... .................................. .......................... 93

I/Q Swap for Carriers................. .................................. ................................ ...... 93

Distortion Addition

Ampliﬁer Distortion for Carriers............................................................................ 93

MultiPath

Multipath Parameters for Carriers .... . .... . .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... .. 94

Interference Addition

Signal Addition for Carriers ... . .... . .... . .... ..... .... . .... . .... . .... ..... .... . .... . .... . .... ..... .... . .... . 95

Offset for Carriers ............................................................................................ 97

Sinusoidal for Carriers ....... ................................ ................................ ................ 98

Additive Noise for Carriers.... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... . .... ..... ..... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... 98

Subcarrier Modulation for Generic Signal

Subcarrier Modulation ............................. .................................. ...................... 100

Scattering Parameter for Generic Signal

S-Parameters .. ................................ .................................. ............................ 100

ls ....................................................................................... 81

Table of Contents

ier.......................................................................... 90

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal

Conformance Mode ............................................................................................. 103

Custom Mode ............ ................................ ................................ ........................ 103

Conformance Mode Setup

Packet Group Details for Conformance Mode........................................................... 105

Packet Details for Conformance Mode. ................................ ................................ .. 106

Hopping Details for Conformance Mode ................................................................ 108

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual iii

Table of Contents

Custom Mode Setup

Packet Group Details for Custom Mode . ................................ ................................ 109

Setting PPDU Details .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... ..... ... . . .... . .... ..... .... . .... . .... ... . . . 110

PLCP Preamble ................. ................................ .................................. .......... 111

PLCP Header................................................................................................ 112

PSDU............................. ................................ .................................. .......... 113

Packet Sync Sequence

PHY Header ................................................................................................. 117

MAC Header .......................... ................................ ................................ ...... 118

I/Q Impairments

Carrier Leakage for UWB-WiMedia ............................. ................................ ........ 119

Quadrature Error for UWB-WiMedia .................................................................... 119

I/Q Imbalance for UWB-WiMedia.................................. ................................ ...... 120

Nonlinear Distortion for UWB-WiMedia ................................................................ 121

Hardware Skew for UWB-WiMedia............................ .................................. ........ 122

I/Q Swap for UWB-WiMedia ................. .................................. .......................... 122

Distortion Addition

Ampliﬁer for UWB-WiMedia ............................................................................. 122

MultiPath

Multipath Parameters for UWB-WiMedia . .... ..... .... . .... . .... ..... .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... . .... . 123

Interference Addition

Signal Addition for UWB-WiMedia. .... . .... . .... ..... .... . .... . .... . .... ..... .... . .... . .... . .... ..... .. 124

Offset for UWB-WiMedia ................................................................................. 126

Gated Noise for UWB-WiMedia .................................. ................................ ........ 126

Sinusoidal for UWB-WiMedia........ ................................ .................................. .. 128

Real-World Signal Interference ....................... ................................ .................... 129

S-Parameters

........................ ................................ .............................. 114

S-Parameters.................................. ................................ .......................... 130

Calibration for U WB-WiMedia Signals

Using Calibration for IF/RF Signals........................................................................... 133

Creating a Radar Signal

Carrier Setup ......... ................................ ................................ ............................ 135

Pulse

Pulse Setup .................... ................................ ................................ .............. 135

Pulse Envelope.............................................................................................. 136

Staggered PRI ............................................................................................... 138

Modulation .................................................................................................. 140

Hopping...................................................................................................... 144

Hopping Parameters........................................................................................ 144

Pulse Impairments ........................ ................................ .................................. 147

iv RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Multipath . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... . .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ... . . ..... .... 148

Antenna ...................................................................................................... 148

Clutter ........................................................................................................ 150

I/Q Impairments

Hardware Skew for Radar ................................................................................. 151

Carrier Leakage for Radar ............. ................................ .................................. .. 151

Quadrature Error for Radar ................................................................................ 152

I/Q Imbalance for Radar ................................................................................... 152

I/Q Swap for Radar ............... ................................ .................................. ........ 152

Interference Addition

Signal Addition . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... ..... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... .... . .... . .... . .... . 153

Noise ............. ................................ ................................ ............................ 153

S-Parameters

S-Parameters.................................. ................................ .......................... 154

Creating an OFDM Signal

Basic Setup....................................................................................................... 157

Symbols............................. ................................ .................................. ............ 158

Packets............................................................................................................ 160

Frames ................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 161

Distortion ............... .................................. ................................ ........................ 163

S-Parameters ..................................................................................................... 164

Using Presets .................................................................................................... 165

Table of Contents

Creating an Environment Signal

Understanding the Environment Interface .......................... .................................. ........ 167

Conﬁguring Basic Settings for an Environment Signal ... ..... ... . . .... . .... ..... .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .. 167

Conﬁguring Advanced Settings for an Environment Signal

Advanced Settings for a Generic Signal. ..... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... ..... .. 169

Advanced Settings for a UWB Signal .... . .... . .... ..... ..... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . 169

Advanced Settings for a Radar Signal ..... ..... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... ..... 169

Advanced Settings for an OFDM Signal . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... . .... ..... .... . .... . .... . . 170

Advanced Settings for a WiFi Signal.... ..... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .. 170

Advanced Settings for a WiMax Signal . ..... ..... . .... . .... . .... . ..... ..... ..... ..... . .... . .... . .... . ... 171

Advanced Settings for a GSM Signal .... . .... . .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... ..... .... . .... . 171

Advanced Settings for a CDMA Signal .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... 173

Advanced Settings for a W-CDMA Signal .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... ..... ... . . .... . .... . .... .... . .... . 175

Advanced Settings for a DVB-T Signal . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . ..... . .... . ..... . ..... ..... . ..... . .... . . 176

Advanced Settings for a User Deﬁned Signal ............... ................................ ............ 176

Advanced Settings for a Noise Signal .... . .... . .... ..... ..... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... ..... .... . .... . 178

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual v

Table of Contents

Instrument Control

Controlling an Instrument . . .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... ..... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .. 179

Controlling an Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) .... ... . . .... . .... ..... .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... .. 180

Connecting to and Controlling an Oscilloscope.... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... . .... ..... ..... .... 182

Connecting to and Controlling a Performance Signal Generator (PSG). .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... .... . . 183

Connecting to a Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer.............................................................. 185

Instrument Control in the Radar Application

Controlling an Arbitrary Waveform Generator from the Radar Application.... ... . . .... . .... ..... .. 188

Settings View . . .... . .... . ..... .... . ..... ..... ..... ..... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . ..... .. 1 89

Sequence View ............................................................................................. 189

Trigger Options ............................................................................................. 191

Event Options ............................................................................................... 191

Graphing

oming Graphs........................... ................................ ................................ ...... 193

Pulse Shape....................................................................................................... 193

I(t), Q(t)........................................................................................................... 194

CCDF Plot........................................................................................................ 195

Spectrum.......................... ................................ ................................ ................ 196

Constellation Plotting .... . .... ... . . .... . .... ..... ... . . .... . .... ..... .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . . 197

Eye Diagram ..................................................................................................... 198

Spectrogram...................................................................................................... 199

FFT of Coherent Pulse Interval ................................................................................ 200

Reference

Error Messages

Error Messages for Generic Signal ................... .................................. .................. 201

Error Messages for UWB-WiMedia ...................................................................... 203

Error Messages for Radar.................................................................................. 204

Error Messages for OFDM ........................ ................................ ........................ 209

Error Messages for Environment Plug-In........ ................................ ........................ 213

DUT Characterization Errors.......................... ................................ .................... 214

RTSA Connectivity-Related Errors....................................................................... 215

Miscellaneous Error Messages ............................................................................ 215

Miscellaneous Error Messages 2...... ................................ .................................. .. 217

Shortcut Keys ................ ................................ .................................. .................. 218

RFXpress Options and AWG Models ......................................................................... 218

AWG Spe ciﬁcations............................................................................................. 221

Interleave ......................................................................................................... 221

PRBS Editor Starting Values . .................................. ................................ ................ 224

Ampliﬁer Distortions...................... ................................ .................................. .... 224

AWG Sequence Window-Related errors ................ ................................ ............ 208

vi RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Index

Table of Contents

Nonlinear Impairments.................................. ................................ ........................ 225

Image Calibration................................................................................................ 226

Types of Modul

Frequently Asked Questions ................................................................................... 239

ation ............................................................................................ 227

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual vii

Table of Contents

viii RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Introduction Welc ome

Welcome

RFXpress RFX100 is a software application that creates digitally modulated baseband, IQ, IF, RF, UWB-WiMedia, and Radar signals that can be generated through arbitrary waveform generators (AWG). This softwar and can also run from an external PC.

Using RFXpress RFX100 (referred to as RFXpress), you can deﬁne baseband I and Q signals with various modulation schemes and create single or multi-carrier signals where each carrier can be independently deﬁned. For each carrier, you can apply impairments such as quadrature error and I/Q imbalance, add interferences such as sinusoidal interference, and deﬁne the graphs to create. Upon compilation, the signal can be viewed as graphs, sent to an arbitrary waveform g enerator, and saved for later use. Compilation options include sending signals directly to the AWG and completely eliminating the wrap-around effects found in arbitrary waveform generators. This provides seamless signals that can be played back continuously without any discontinuity or glitch in the time, frequency, modulation, or channel coding domains. Waveform transfer and control of the AWG5000 and AWG7000 series can be performed directly from RFXpress.

Waveforms captured from oscilloscopes and real-time spectrum analyzers can be modiﬁed in RFXpress before they are regenerated.

e runs as an integral part of AWG5000 and AWG7000 series arbitrary waveform generators

You can creat conformance mode, you can either select a standard setup or deﬁne your own setup based on the UWB standards. In the Custom mode, you can create a customized signal by deﬁning packet parameters and setting processing preferences. The Calibration feature for the UWB-WiMedia module allows you to create correction ﬁles and apply these correction ﬁles to channels during compilation.

The RFXpress RFX100 radar application supports basic pulse generation of different shapes and modulation types.

e UltraWideBand WiMedia signals in the Conformance and Custom modes. In the

See also:

Calibration

Find I

(see page 133)

nstruments

(see page 29)

Setup for IF Signal Generation

1. Start the RFXpress installed on the AWG.

2. From the toolbar, select the signal type as IF/RF.

3. Connect the AWG Ch 1 Analog Output to the DUT where t he IF Signal must be fed.

4. Click Compile. The waveform is compiled according to the default settings in the Compile Settings

window. The compiled waveform is displayed in the Waveform List. This IF waveform is transferred to the AWG channels (Ch1) and this can also be seen in the Instrument Control > AWG tab.

5. Click On/Off to turn on the channel Ch1.

6. Click Run to generate the signal on the AWG.

See also:

Calibration

Find Instruments (see page 29)

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 5

(see page 133)

Getting Started Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation

Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation

1. Start the RFXpress installed on the AWG.

2. From the toolbar, select the signal type as IQ.

3. Make connections as shown in the ﬁgure:

Connect the AWG Ch1 Analog Output to the DUT where the I Signal must be fed.

Connect the

NOTE.

4. Click Compile. The waveform is compiled according to the default settings in the Compile Settings.

Both cables must be the same length, otherwise you would need to deskew them.

ompiled waveform is displayed in the Waveform List. This waveform is transferred to the AWG

The c channels (Ch1 and Ch2). This can also be seen in the Instrument Control > AWG tab.

AWG Ch2 Analog Output to the DUT where the Q Signal must be fed.

5. Cli

6. Click Run to generate the signal on the AWG.

ck On/Off to turn on the channels Ch1 and Ch2.

Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation with External Modulator

tart the RFXpress installed on the AWG.

1.S

2. Select the Signal type as IQ.

6 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Getting Started Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation

3. Make connections as shown in the ﬁgure:

Connect the AWG a nd Agilent performance signal generator® (E8267D with Option 015) through LAN or GPIB.

Connect the AWG Ch1 Analog Output to the Agilent performance signal generator's (PSG®) external I Input (in the rear panel).

Connect the AWG Ch2 Analog Output to the Agilent performance signal generator (PSG®) external Q Input (in the rear panel).

Connect the PSG RF output from the front to the DUT.

NOTE. Both cables must be the same length, otherwise you would need to deskew them.

4. Cli

5. Click On/Off to turn on the channels Ch1 and Ch2.

6. Cl

See also:

Calibration

Find Instruments (see page 29)

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 7

ck Compile. The waveform is compiled according to the default settings in the Compile Settings window. The compiled waveform is displayed in the Waveform List. This waveform is transferred to theAWGchannels(Ch1andCh2).ThiscanalsobeseenintheInstrumentControl>AWGtab.

ick Run to generate the signal on the AWG.

(see page 133)

Getting Started Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation

8 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics About Basic Operations

About Basic Operations

The basic operations section describes the software, tells how to start the software, use the menus and toolbars, and describes the dialog boxes.

In this online help, all menu selections are indicated with Menu name and Menu options separated by ">". You can access a command or a menu option in more than one way. Several main menu options are available i which open with a right-click, are provided for editing, creating and viewing graphs, importing data from a ﬁle or a Tektronix oscilloscope, and transferring a waveform to an arbitrary waveform generator.

Some dialog boxes also have a Help button that displays help for that dialog box.

n a toolbar that you can use instead of selecting the option from the main menu. Shortcut menus,

Detailed UWB-WiMedia, Radar, Calibration for WiMedia Signals, Instrument Control, and Graphing. The References section lists Error Messages, Shortcut Keys, and provides a note on Interleaving and Types of Modulation.

The following ﬁgure shows the application screen, the menu, the toolbar, and other elements of the user interface.

operations and parameters are described in the sections on Generic Signal, OFDM,

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 9

Operating Basics Overview of the Software

Overview of the Software

RFXpress is a software application that creates digitally modulated baseband, IQ, IF, RF, UWB-WiMedia, and Radar signals that can be generated through arbitrary waveform generators (AWG). This software runs as an integra from an external PC.

Features of RFXpress

Baseband data generation. Deﬁne baseband I and Q signals using a variety of modulation schemes such as No Mod, QPSK, PI/2 QPSK, BPSK, PI/4 QPSK, OQPSK, 8-PSK, O-8PSK, QAM-16, PI/2 QAM16, QAM-32, QAM-64, QAM-128, QAM-256, QAM-512, QAM-1024, GMSK, 2-FSK, 4-FSK, 8-FSK, 16-FSK, 32-FSK, ASK, AM, PM, FM, nDPSK, OOK, and Pi/2 BPSK.

Multi-carrier setup. Deﬁne multiple RF/IF carriers in a single waveform. Each carrier can be independently deﬁned with parameters such as carrier frequency, symbol rate, modulation type, and base

Single or multiple pulse groups to form a pulse train. Each pulse group can be independently deﬁned with va

l part of AWG5000 and AWG7000 series arbitrary waveform generators and can also run

band ﬁlters.

rious predeﬁned pulse shapes and user deﬁned shapes for a pulse group.

Allows you to apply various modulation schemes or deﬁne your own.

Allows you to have Pulse- t o-Pulse hopping within a pulse group and to apply impairments like Edge Jitter, Width Jitter, Overshoot, Ripple and Droop on a pulse group.

IQ impairments. Apply impairments including quadrature error and quadrature imbalance.

Generate the following graphs:

Frequency Domain: Spectrum

I v Q: Constellation

me Domain: I(t) and Q(t) versus time, and Pulse shape

Statistical: CCDF and Eye Diagram

Time versus Frequency: Spectrogram and Coherent Pulse Interval

Distortion measurement for system calibration. To maintain system integrity and coherency with Amplitude, Phase inband ﬂatness, and skew between separate channels. The setup includes capturing data from a TDS oscilloscope and a real-time spectrum analyzer and downloading the data to generate the correction data.

Noise/interference generation and addition. Generate and add interference for waveforms. Generate gated noise on speciﬁc frames designated by the user.

Capture and Replay. Waveforms captured from oscilloscopes and real-time spectrum analyzers can be modiﬁed in RFXpress before they are regenerated.

10 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Overview of the Software

Wrap around. RFXpress completely eliminates all the wrap-around effects found in arbitrary waveform generators, providing seamless signals that can be played back continuously without any discontinuit

Connectivity between AWG, oscilloscope, and Agilent Performance Signal Generator® (PSG). The ability t oscilloscope, and the Agilent PSG®, and to conﬁgure their setups remotely. The radar application uses the AWG sequence mode is to optimize the memory and create large number of pulses. However if Option 08 is not purchased, the radar application uses the Continuous Mode instead of Sequence Mode.

Remotely conﬁgure a Tektronix real-time spectrum analyzer and import I and Q trace data.

Characterize a DUT and provide S-parameter emulation of RF components.

y or glitch in the time, frequency, modulation, or channel coding domains.

o identify and connect to a Tektronix Arbitrary Signal Generator (AWG), a Tektronix

Deﬁne ant

Create multiple layers of modulation using subcarrier multiplexing.

Deﬁne a staggered PRI with ramp and user-deﬁned proﬁles, and add up to ten multipaths.

Conﬁgure all parameters of OFDM

Build custom OFDM frames from deﬁning base data, symbols, packets, and frames

Support Reed Solomon, Convolution coding, and Scrambling

Add Im

Deﬁne frequency hopping and gated noise

Support a variety of subcarrier modulation (BPSK, QPSK, QAM (16,32,64,256) and 8-PSK)

Support Tone Nulling and Clipping

Provide presets for WiFi and WiMax standards

enna beam proﬁle and simulate target returns for radar signals.

pairments Phase noise, Multipath, and Quantization

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 11

Operating Basics Starting the Software

Starting the Software

From the Start menu, click All Programs > Tektronix RFXpress > RFXpress. You can also double-click the RFXpress shortcut on the desktop.

You can use the software in three modes:

RFXpress on any AWG5000 or AWG7000 series instrument. In this case, the software automatically detects the AWG software. You can transfer data directly to the AWG. The status bar shows "AWGXXXX Online".

RFXpress on a PC with the AWG software running in the ofﬂine mode. In this case, the AWG software has to be started before starting RFXpress. You can transfer data to the AWG ofﬂine software. The statu

RFXpress on a PC without the AWG software. In this case, the software does not detect the AWG softwar for later use). The status bar shows "AWGXXXX Not Available".

s bar shows "AWGXXXX Ofﬂine".

e, and you cannot transfer data to the AWG (although you can create and store the waveform

Using t

Using

1. Select an application or module: Generic Signal, UWB-WiMedia, or Radar.

2. Select the signal type: IF/RF or IQ.

3. For a Generic signal, select the number of carriers: Single or Multi-carrier. For a UWB signal, select

4. For a Generic signal, deﬁne the carrier parameters: Frequency, Modulation, Amplitude, Filter and

5. Select the compilation options and compile the signal.

You can also specify the graphs that you want to create and view them in the Graph Preview window. You can transfer the signal to an arbitrary waveform generator in the Instrument Control window. Importing ﬁles and replicating waveform ﬁles work with only the following instruments:

he Software to Create a Signal

RFXpress, you can generate a signal as follows:

the mode: Conformance or Custom. For a Radar signal, select the number of pulses.

others. For a UWB signal, select the setup and deﬁne the selected packet group and packet parameters. For a Radar signal, select the pulse envelope, frequency, and other pulse parameters.

Oscilloscopes: Tektronix TDS6000, DPO/DSA70000, and DPO7000 series (*.wfm)

Arbitrary Waveform Generators: Tektronix AWG400, AWG500, AWG600, and AWG700 series (*.wfm)

Real-time Spectrum Analyzers: Tektronix RSA3000 and RSA60000 series (*.iqt, *.tiq)

Others: MATLAB binary formats (*.MAT)

12 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Exiting the Software

Exiting the Software

Select File > Exit to exit the application. If you have not saved the waveforms, you are prompted to do so.

File Name Extensions and Directories

Thesoftwareusesthefollowingﬁle name extensions:

Table 3: Fi

File name e

.rfs Setup ﬁle o

.rfd Data ﬁle o

.smp

.rfc Correction ﬁle

xxx

le name extensions

xtension

Descripti

band signal)

Symbol ﬁle

f the selected application

f the waveform (generic signal and ultra wide

The software uses the following directories:

Table 4: Directory names

Directory Description

C:\Program Files\Tektronix\RFXpress\System Contains the application ﬁles and executables

C:\Program Files\Tektronix\RFXpress\Documentation Contains the related documentation as text and PDF ﬁles

C:\Program Files\Tektronix\RFXpress\Samples Contains sample waveform ﬁles

xxx

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 13

Operating Basics Applications, Setup Files, and Data Files

Applications, Setup Files, and Data Files

An application is a module that you can use to create speciﬁc types of waveforms, for example Generic Signal and UWB-WiMedia. Applications that are available but have not been purchased appear in the Application

You can only have one Setup File (.rfs) open at a time and only one application in use at a time. If you change the a

Selecting an application: In the Select ﬁeld, select an application from the list. When you select an applica currently selected application.

list but are disabled.

pplication, you are prompted to save the open ﬁle.

tion (Generic Signal, UWB-WiMedia, or Radar), the default settings are displayed for the

Setup Fil

Once you compile the setup ﬁle (using Waveform > Compile), you can save the ﬁle as a Data File (.rfd). Compiled data ﬁles for the current session appear in the Waveform List. After you select the Application, a default Setup File opens automatically. If a setup ﬁle is open with unsaved changes and you try to create a new ﬁle or change applications, you are prompted to save the ﬁle. Toopenanexistingsetup ﬁle, select File > Open Setup.

The rfs ﬁle content varies depending on the selected application (Generic or UWB-WiMedia). By default, the name of the rfs ﬁle is derived from the application name.

Data File (.rfd): You can save a compiled Setup File as a Data File using File > Save Data or Save Data As. Files that you import from other instruments become data ﬁles. Select File > Save or Save As to save thes

NOTE. Each rfd ﬁle can store one of the three formats: IF/RF, I, and Q. An rfd ﬁle stores the version information and sampling rate.

e(.rfs):A Setup File is a collection of settings that describes a single or multiple waveforms.

edataﬁles. To open an existing data ﬁle, select File > Open Data.

14 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Menu Bar

Menu Bar

The RFXpress menu has the following items:

File

Use the File menu to:

ore the default setup for the currently active application

Rest

Create new waveform setups

Open, close and save waveform setups (.rfs format)

Open, close and save data ﬁles (.rfd format)

Import data from a ﬁle (created by another software)

Import data from a Tektronix oscilloscope

xit the software

View

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 15

Operating Basics Menu Bar

Use the View menu to:

View the Standard toolbar

Conﬁgure

Use th

View th e St

eConﬁgure menu to:

Select an application: Generic Signal, UWB-WiMedia, Radar, OFDM, or Environment. UWBpurchased

atus toolbar

WiMedia, Radar, OFDM, and Environment are available only if they have been

n the Find Instruments dialog box to make instrument connections

Ope

Waveform

16 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Menu Bar

Use the Waveform menu to:

Compile the currently active Waveform Setup

Set Compilation options

Open the Graph Setup dialog box to select the graphs

System

Use the System menu to:

Run

Stop

ll channel outputs on or off

Turn a

Open the Calibration wizard and set the parameters to calibrate the signal

Open the DUT Characterization wizard

Window

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 17

Operating Basics Standard Toolbar

Use the Window menu to:

View the Waveform List window

Preview the Graphs

Open Instrument Control window

Open the Overview window

Close all windows

Help

Use the Help menu to:

Open the online help

Display help speciﬁc to the currently active application

Display technical support on the Tektronix Web site

Display information about the application, such as version number

Standard Toolbar

The Standard toolbar is always displayed by default. Select View > Standard toolbar to hide or show the toolbar.

The Standard toolbar has the following options that you can select:

Select Application (see page 22)

Signal Type (see page 22)

Conﬁgure IF (see page 49)

Calibration (see page 50) Calibration for Generic Signal

18 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Status Bar

Overview (see page 37)

Find Instruments (see page 29)

Graph (see page 30)

Compile (see page 22) and Compile Settings (see page 32)

Status Bar

The Status Bar is always displayed by default. Select View > Status Bar to hide or show the status bar. The status bar shows the selected application, the AWG mode, and the active waveform names. The status of calibration (On/Off) is also displayed.

Waveform List

Window > Waveform List

The Waveform List is a ﬂoating window and can be moved anywhere in the display area. By default it opens in the leftmost area of the display window. The Waveform List window can be kept open by pushing the pin in the top right corner, or closed and opened as you like. To view the waveform list, from the menu select Window > Waveform List.

After you select a signal to generate and set the parameters for it, you must compile it to crea te the data. Once you compile a signal (using Compile from the toolbar), waveform data is created and added to the waveform list. The Waveform list displays the Name, Length, Sampling Rate and Format of the waveform data. The maximum number of waveforms that can be displayed in the waveform list is 13,000. When the number of waveforms exceeds this limit, a warning message appears: Number of waveforms is over the maximum limit of 13,000.

To save a waveform that is available in the list, select the waveform and select File > Save Data or Save Data As. You can also right-click the selected waveform and choose Save Data As. The compiled waveform or data ﬁle is saved as a data ﬁle (.rfd) in the speciﬁed location. The data ﬁles are stored in the path where the application is installed.

NOTE. If you close the software without saving the compiled waveform, the waveform is lost. You can compile the waveform again from the setup, if you have saved the setup using File > Save Setup or Save Setup As. The setup ﬁle is an rfs ﬁle.

You c an select the following options from the shortcut menu:

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 19

Operating Basics Waveform L ist

Table 5: Shortcut menu options

Selection

Send to AWG Enabled only if the AWG software is running and when a

Show Graph Enabled only when a waveform is selected. Plots a graph of

Save Data As... Enabled only when a waveform is selected. Saves the

Import from File... (see page 24) Imports data into the software from a ﬁle. Choose the ﬁle

Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope... (see page 28) Imports data from a Tektronix oscilloscope that is connected

Delete

Delete All

Rename...

Description

waveform is selected. Sends the selected waveform data to an Arbitrary Waveform Generator. Select the channel to which to send the data.

the selected type: Frequency Spectrum, Time Domain and CCDF. You can also select Graph Settings... and choose the graphs from those available.

selected waveform data as a .rfd ﬁle in the speciﬁed name and location.

and location from which to import data.

to the instrument on which the software is running.

Enabled only when a waveform is s elected. Deletes the selected w a veform .

Enabled only when a waveform or waveforms are available in the Waveform List. Deletes all the waveforms shown in the waveform list.

Enabled only when a waveform is selected. Opens a dialog box that allows you to enter a waveform name.

(see page 30)

20 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Waveform List

Table 5: Shortcut menu options (cont.)

Selection

Description

Apply Calibration Enabled only when a waveform is selected. Opens a

browser window where you can specify the correction ﬁle (.rfc) ﬁle to use for calibrating the selected waveform. The correction ﬁle must be generated using a generic signal with the same sampling rate as that of the signal you want to calibrate. You can also apply calibration to an imported waveform that was created using MATLAB.

Send to Environment plug-in Waveform List Enabled only when a waveform is selected. Sends

the selected waveform data to the Waveform list in the Environment plug-in.

xxx

You can also drag and drop a waveform from the Waveform List to Instrument Control. When you d rag and drop a waveform, the sampling rate is a utomatically set in the instrument.

The Rename…, Save As… and Delete buttons appear at the bottom of the Waveform List. T hese buttons are available only when a waveform is selected.

Table 6: Waveform list buttons

Selection

Rename...

Save... Saves the selected waveform as an .rfd ﬁle.

Delete

xxx

Description

Opens a dialog box and allows you to rename the selected waveform.

Deletes the selected waveform.

Generating Graphs

In the shortcut menu, from the Graph option you can select the following graphs: Time Domain, Spectrum, and CCDF. Not all the graphs are available for all waveform formats and all applications. The following table lists the availability of the graphs for various waveform formats.

Table 7: Waveform formats and available graphs

GraphsSelected waveform

format

When both I and Q

CCDF Spectrum

Available Available Not available

Time domain

waveforms are selected

When I waveform is

Not available Not available Available

selected

When Q waveform is

Not available Not available Available

selected

When IF/RF waveform is

Not available Available Available

selected

xxx

For the Radar application, the available graphs are Spectrum, Spectrogram, CPI, I Vs Time, and Q Vs time.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 21

Operating Basics Select Application

Select Application

Conﬁgure > Select Application

Before you create a new Waveform Setup and Setup File, you must identify the application. Do this by clicking on the Application ﬁeld and selecting either Generic Signal, UWB-WiMedia, Radar, OFDM, or Environment. The default settings for the currently selected application are displayed.

NOTE. The UW the options.

Signal Type

Set the signal type from the drop-down list to either RF, IF, or IQ. Another way to select the signal type is by using

Compile

B-WiMedia, Radar, OFDM, and Environment are enabled only if you have purchased

the Compile Settings

(see page 32) dialog box.

Waveform > Compile

To compile a currently active waveform:

1. Click Compile in the Standard toolbar. The waveform is compiled and displayed in the Waveform List.

2. From the Waveform List (see page 19),youcanselectSendtoAWG,ShowGraph,SaveData

as, Delete, or Rename the waveform.

22 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics On/Off

On/Off

Click the On/O channel output.

Run

Click the Run button to turn on or turn off the Run state of the arbitrary waveform generator (AWG). If the application is running on an AWG or using an ofﬂine mode of the AWG software, the compiled waveform is directly output to the channel. The channel is turned on and generates the signal. The signal generatio

Open Setup

File > Open Setup

Youcanopenasetupﬁle from the selected location. All ﬁleshavetheﬁle name extension .rfs.

ff button

n is indicated when the Run button changes to green.

to turn on or turn off the arbitrary waveform generator (AWG)

Open Data

File > Open Data

You can open a data ﬁle from the selected location. All ﬁleshavetheﬁle name extension: .rfd.

Save Setup

File > Save Setup, File > Save Setup As...

You can save the setup ﬁle in any of the following formats: .rfs and .txt.

Use File > Save Setup to save an exis ﬁrst time, the Save Setup option works exactly as the Save Setup As... option.

Use File > Save Setup As... to save

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 23

ting setup ﬁle with the same name. If you are saving the setup for the

the setup ﬁle with another ﬁle name.

Operating Basics Save Data

Save Data

File > Save Data, File > Save Data As...

You can save the data ﬁle in either .rfd or .txt format. You must compile a setup before you can save the data. If you try to save a setup as data without compiling, you are prompted to compile the setup.

UseFile>SaveDatatosaveanexistingdataﬁle with the same name. If you are saving the data for the ﬁrst time, the Save Data option works exactly as the Save Data As... option.

UseFile>SaveDataAs... tosavethedataﬁle with another ﬁle name.

Import Data from a File

File > Import from File

You can import a waveform ﬁle created in another software, and import the resulting waveform into RFXpress. To import data from a ﬁle, select File > Import from ﬁle. This dialog box is displayed. Navigate to the directory of choice and select the ﬁle to import.

24 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Import Data from a File

You can impo r t ﬁles of the following types:

from oscilloscopes and arbitrary waveform g enerators

.wfm

.iqt from real-time spectrum analyzers (RSA3000 series)

.tiq from real-time spectrum analyzers (RSA6000 series)

.pat from arbitrary waveform generators

.isf from oscilloscopes

.csv (comma separated ﬁle)

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 25

Operating Basics Import Data from a File

.txt (text ﬁle)

.mat (MATLAB) ﬁle

The following

options are available:

Table 8: File import options

Selection

Data Type: I Data, Q Data, IF/RF Data Select the data type to specify the type

CSV, Txt Format Speciﬁes the parameters contained in

Resample waveform in list When selected, transforms the

Overwrite waveform in list

Set as baseband signal

xxx

Description

of data contained in the ﬁle. Enabled only when the ﬁle formats are .csv and .txt.

the csv or text ﬁle:

Time, Volt <cr><lf> (TDS CSV format)

Points, Volt <c r><lf>

Volt <cr><lf>

Volt <cr><lf>, AWG710 format

Time<tb>Volt<cr><lf>(ADS format)

Volt, Volt<cr><lf> (VSA CSV format)

Enabled only when the ﬁle format is .csv or .txt.

imported waveform using the desired sampling rate you provided. This feature is available for all types of imported ﬁles.

When selected, overwrites the waveform present in the waveform list without any warning.

When selected, replaces any existing carriers with two carriers representing the baseband signal. This option is available only when an iqt or tiq ﬁle is selected for import and the selected application is Generic Signal.

A MATLAB (.mat) ﬁle should meet the following conditions:

Default value

IData

Time, Volt <cr><lf> (TDS CSV format)

When the AWG is in the online mode, the desired sampling rate must be within limits. In the ofﬂine mode, the sampling rate is restricted to within the AWG7122B (option 1, 6, 8) limits.

Disabled

It should contain a sampling rate and a variable with ‘n’ sample points or values (n > 1).

The sampling rate should be of the format 1 x 1 and the points should be of the format 1 x n.

or example,

SamplingRate = 15e9

SamplePoints = [ 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.7 ….]

26 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Set S ampling Rate for Imported Waveforms

Set Sampling Rate for Imported Waveforms

You can set the sampling rate for the waveform while importing it from a text ﬁle. This dialog box appears only when the text ﬁle does not have the sampling rate of the waveform stored in it. The application uses the default s

ampling rate (10 M S/s) if you do not enter a new sampling rate.

Resample Imported Waveform

You can use a different sampling rate while importing a waveform ﬁle created in another software.

1. Select File > Import from ﬁle.

2. Select the Resample waveform in list option. A dialog box appears.

The sampling rate and the number of samples (length) of the waveform being imported is displayed.

3. To change the sampling rate, click Turn On.

4. Enter the new sampling rate. As the sampling rate is changed, the Length is correspondingly changed.

When the AWG is in the online mode, the desired sampling rate must be within limits. In the ofﬂine mode, the sampling rate is restricted to within the AWG7122B (option 1, 6, 8) limits.

5. Click OK. If you click Cancel, the waveform is imported without changing the sampling rate.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 27

Operating Basics Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope

Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope

File > Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope

You can import a waveform ﬁle from a Tektronix oscilloscope that is connected to your instrument into RFXpress. To do this, select File > Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope. This dialog box is displayed.

A table displays a list of oscilloscopes on the network. Select an oscilloscope in the table and click Connect to connect to it. You can connect to more than one oscilloscope at a time. Click Disconnect to disconnect from an oscilloscope.

For a connected oscilloscope, you can set the following parameters:

Table 9: Waveform import options

Selection

Data Source Select the data from which to acquire

Waveform Type Select the type of waveform: I, Q, or

Waveform Name Specify the waveform name. The

Description

the waveform data: Ch1 to Ch4, Math1 to Math4, and Reference1 to Reference4.

RFIF.

imported waveform is saved in the speciﬁed name.

Default value

Ch1

N/A

28 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Find Instruments

Table 9: Waveform import options (cont.)

Selection

Acquisition Mode

Record Length

xxx

Click Acquire to import the data. The speciﬁed waveform name is used to list the waveform in the Waveform List.

Find Instruments

Conﬁgure > Find Instruments

You can ﬁnd instruments on the network and connect to them.

1. Click Find Instruments to ﬁnd other instruments on the network. The following dialog box opens. A table lists the instruments found with the Name of the instrument, Model, Status (connected or not), and the Connection type (Ethernet or GPIB).

Description

Set the acquisition mode to one of the following: Samples, Peak Detect, Envelope, or Average.

Displays the record length of the selected oscilloscope. Change the record length by entering a new value in the ﬁeld.

Default value

Samples

N/A

2. Select an instrument from the table. Use the following buttons.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 29

Operating Basics Graph

Table 10: Find instruments options

Button Description

Connect Connect to the instrument selected in the table. Connect

is enabled by d table; disabled if no instrument is highlighted.

Disconnect

Refresh Refresh the list of instruments.

Import... (see page 28) Open the Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope dialog box to

xxx

Disconnect the connected instrument. Enabled only if highlighted instrument is connected.

select a ﬁl

efault if an instrument is highlighted in the

etoimport.

3. Click Connect to connect to the selected instrument. The Status provides the current status during the refresh operation: Searching Instruments or Ready.

Graph

Waveform > Show Graph or Graph Settings

The software allows you to select the types of graphs before creating them. The graphs are displayed in two modes: as a set in a small window (for preview), and as individual graphs in large independent windows. At any time, a maximum of three graphs can be displayed in the small view.

To specify the graphs to create, click Graphs in the toolbar or Waveform > Graph from the menu. The Graph Setup dialog box opens.

Follow these steps to select the graphs to create:

1. Highlight a folder on the left. The graphs are grouped into the following folders: Frequency Domain, I Vs. Q, Statistical, Time Domain, and Time vs Freq.

2. Highlight a graph from Available Graphs on the right. Click Add to add the graph to the Selected Graphs area or drag and drop the graph to the Selected Graphs area.

30 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Graph

The following folders and graphs are available:

Frequency Domain: S

I Vs Q: Constellation

Statistical: CCDF and Eye Diagram

Time Domain: I & Q versus time, an

Time versus Frequency: Spectrogram and Coherent Pulse Interval

The Spectrum (Frequency D omain), I & Q versus time (Time Domain), and Spectrogram (Time versus Frequency) graphs are available for the Generic, UWB-WiMEdia, and Radar applications. However, the Coherent Pulse Interval is speciﬁc

NOTE. Once three graphs are added to Selected Graphs, the software will not allow you to add any more graphs. You must remove a graph before you can add another graph.

To remove a graph, highlight a graph in Selected Graphs and click Remove.

3. Click OK to view the graphs. The graphs are displayed in the Graph Preview tab. If you have selected fewer than three graphs, the other window (or windows) is empty.

You can also create graphs from the Waveform

1. Select a waveform from the Waveform List.

pectrum

d Pulse shape

to the radar application.

List

(see page 19) as follows:

2. Right-click to view the shortcut menu.

3. Select Show Graph and select the type of graph to generate. The graph is displayed in a large

independent window.

Graph Preview

Graph Preview is a tab in a window that is shared with Instrument Control. Click the Graph Window tab to open it as a docked window.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 31

Operating Basics Compile Settings

When RFXpress ﬁrst launches, Graph Preview is closed by default.

Large Graph Wi

1. In the Graph Preview tab, click Maximize to view a graph in a larger window. The selected graph is displayed in

NOTE. When no graphs a re selected, Maximize is not available.

The Zoom In a

Cursors, Cursor Readouts and the difference (Delta) between the cursors are available for the following graphs: Sp

2. Click to c

ndows

a larger window.

nd Zoom Out buttons are available in the following graphs: Spectrum, and I(t) Q(t).

ectrum, I(t) Q(t), and CCDF.

lose the graph and return to the small view.

Graphs from External D a ta

You can import data from a ﬁle (File > Import from File) and create graphs using the data. The imported ﬁle is displayed in the Waveform List

and click Show Graph.

(see page 19). Select the ﬁle from the Waveform List, right-click,

Compile Settings

Waveform > Compile Settings

To specify compilation settings for the currently active Waveform S etup, click Compile Settings. This dialog box is displayed.

32 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Compile Settings

RFXpress supports generation of two signal types. The number of waveforms generated varies depending on the

For example, if the waveform name is Test, the generated waveforms are: Test_I, Test_Q, and Test.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 33

signal format selected.

Baseband signals (IQ format). When the IQ signal format is selected, two baseband waveforms I and

generated. You must specify the names of each waveform.

Qare

RF signals (IF/RF form at). When the RF signal format is selected, the baseband waveforms I and Q

also generated. So after compiling, three different ﬁles are generated.

are

IF signals (IF+UP format). When the IF+UP signal format is selected, the output signal generated by

Xpress is at IF frequency. The user gives RF frequency, Local oscillator frequency and the IF mode

RF as input. Based on this input the IF frequency is calculated and the output signal is generated at IF frequency. This option is currently available only in Generic Signal plug-in.

Operating Basics Compile Settings

The Correction Files option is available only when the selected application is UWB-WiMedia and the Compile Button Prefs option is available only when the AWG software is detected.

NOTE. The foll

owing table describes all the parameters. Not all the p arameters are available in all

plug-ins.

Table 11: Co

Selection Description Range, default value

Waveform length (Symbols, Samples)

Oversamp

Automatic Automatically calculates the

Signal

IF/RF Sets th

IQ Sets t

IF+UP

Oversampling

Automatic Automatically calculates the

RF Waveform Name Enter the name of the waveform to be

I Waveform Name Enter the name of the I waveform

Q Waveform Name Enter the name of the Q waveform

Compile Button Prefs

mpile settings options

ling

Format

Speciﬁes the time domain length of the resulting waveform. It can be expressed

This is available only when Automatic is disabl

oversamp parameters and the AWG model. To enter the oversampling value, disable this opt

Sets t is used where an AWG is used as an IF signal generator and an exte to upconvert IF to RF. This option is available only in generic signal plug-in.

Specify the oversampling value.

oversampling based on the setup par enter the oversampling value, disable this option.

nerated after compilation. Uses the

ge name entered here for the generated RF waveform.

to be generated after compilation. Uses the name entered here for the generated I waveform.

to be generated after compilation. Uses the name entered here for the generated Q waveform.

in Samples or Symbols.

ed.

ling based on the setup

ion.

e signal format to IF/RF.

he signal format to IQ.

he signal format to IF. This

rnal mixer/local oscillator is used

ameters and the AWG model. To

Determined waveform memory of the instrument.

Enabled

N/A

Automatic

Enabled

Waveform1

Waveform1_I

Waveform1_Q

by the maximum

34 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Compile Settings

Table 11: Compile settings options (cont.)

Selection Description Range, default value

Compiles and sends to Compiles the currently active

waveform setup and sends it to the speciﬁed channel.

Compile only Compiles the currently active

waveform setup.

Correction Files

When compiling, apply correction ﬁles to these channels: Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4.

Available and enabled for each channel on the instrument. For two-channel instruments, only Ch1 and Ch2 are visible. When a channel is selected, the corrections are applied from the ﬁle during c ompilation. If no ﬁle exists, you are prompted to either create a correction ﬁle in the Calibration window, or c ompile without applying correction ﬁles.

Normalization

Mode

Select the normalization mode from the following: Auto, Manual.

You can normalize a waveform such that all points on it lie between +1 and –1.

Division factor

Enabled when the Normalization Mode is Manual. Specify the division factortousetodividethewaveform values.

Adjust for Wrap-Around When selected, adjusts the waveform

for wrap around during oversampling. When cleared, the following message appears: The signal generated from the AWG might have wrap-around artifacts in continuous mode.

Overwrite waveform in list

When selected, overwrites any existing waveform of the same name in the waveform list. When this option is disabled, you are prompted to enter a waveform ﬁle name.

I Invert

When selected, inverts the phase of the I signal.

Q Invert When selected, inverts the phase of

the Q signal.

xxx

If the Waveform Length is expressed in symbols, the number of samples is approximately given by the product of the number of symbols and the sampling rate divided by the symbol rate.

For IF/RF signals, the sampling rate is approximately the product of the maximum carrier frequency and the oversampling. For IQ signals, the sampling rate is approximately the p roduct of the anchor carrier symbol rate and the oversampling. For UWB-WiMedia signals, sampling rate is approximately the product of the highest band group centre frequency and the oversampling.

Ch1

N/A

Disabled

Auto

0.01 to 100, 1

Enabled

Disabled

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 35

Operating Basics Option Installation

Click Compile to compile the waveform. A progress bar is displayed during compilation. You can abort the compilation by clicking Cancel.

NOTE. When Adj rate of the compiled waveform may be close to, and not exactly the same as, the value speciﬁed in the Setup tab. Similarly, when the waveform length is set in symbols, the carrier frequency of the compiled waveform may be close to, and not exactly the same as, the value speciﬁed in the Setup tab.

ust for Wrap-Around is enabled and the waveform length is set in samples, the symbol

Option Installation

System > Option Installation...

You can use the RFXpress application to generate waveforms but you cannot transfer the waveform unless you enable the function with a option (license) key.

Click System > Option Installation.... This dialog box is displayed.

36 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Overview

Table 12: Option installation information

Selection

User Name Enter the user name.

Serial Number Enter the serial number that is provided with the software.

Option Key String Enter the option key string that is provided with the software.

Option Information The option information is displayed in the table.

xxx

Click Copy entered values.

Overview

Window >

Click Window > Overview to open the overview window. A block view of the active waveform appears in a new grouping in the diagram corresponds to a tab.

The On box in the appropriate group.

If th

Description

Option Info to copy the information in the table to the clipboard. Click Apply to apply the

Overview

window. This window is a ﬂoating window and can be moved around the screen. Each larger

/Off button in the upper right corner of each block in a block corresponds to the Turn On check

e group does not have a Turn On check box, then no On/Off button appears on the block.

If the check box is cleared, the button text is Off (red), and the block appears dimmed.

If the check box is selected, the button text is On (green) and the block appears active. The button on the block and the check box in the group box are linked; if you change one, the change is reﬂected in

other. The on/off values for each block correspond to the currently selected carrier or packet group.

the

For a Generic signal, you must select a carrier before you select the Overview option. The Overview

ndow for a carrier has the following blocks:

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 37

Operating Basics Overview

Setup includes Base Data, Modulation, and Filter/Window

Hopping

Power Ramping

I/Q Impairments includes Carrier Leakage, Nonlinear Distortions, I/Q Swap, Quad Error, and I/Q Imbalance

Distortion Addition includes Ampliﬁer Distortion

Multi-Path includes Deﬁne Path

rference Addition includes Signal addition, Offset, Sinusoidal Interference, and Noise Interference

Inte

Subcarrier modulation

S-Parameter

Hardware Skew

NOTE. When no carriers are selected in the Carrier table, selecting Overview will open the Overview Window with all the On/Off buttons set to Off (default). Clicking the On/Off buttons will not have any effect.

For a UWB signal, you must select a packet group before you select the Overview option. The Overview window has the following blocks:

38 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Overview

Setup includes Packet Group, Packet Deﬁnitions, and Hopping

I/Q Impai Imbalance

Distort

Multi-Path includes Deﬁne Path

Interference Addition includes Signal Addition, Offset, Gated Noise, Sinusoidal Interference, and Real World Signal

Hardware Skew

Clicking a block (even if dimmed) brings the File window forward with the corresponding tab at front. Within the tab, the ﬁ rst setting in the group box that corresponds to the block is highlighted.

To turn on or turn off the calibration corrections, click Conﬁgure > Calibration

For a Radar signal, you must select a pulse before you select the Overview option. The Overview window has the following blocks:

rments includes Carrier Leakage, Nonlinear Distortions, I/Q Swap, Quad Error, and I/Q

ion Addition includes Ampliﬁer Distortion

(see page 50).

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 39

Operating Basics Overview

Pulse includes Envelope, Amplitude Deviation, Staggered PRI, Jitter, Modulation, Hopping, and Frequency Offset

I/Q Impairments includes Carrier Leakage, Quad Error, I/Q Imbalance, and I/Q Swap

Multi-Path

Antenna

Interference Addition includes Noise and Signal Addition

Hardware Skew

For an OFDM signal, you must select a carrier before you select the Overview option. The Overview has the following blocks:

Basic Setup includes Base Data, Reed Solomon, Scrambler, and Convolution Encoder

Symbol Setup includes Symbol Deﬁnition and Tone Nulling

Packet Setup includes Deﬁne Packet, Hopping, and Gated Noise

40 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics PRBS Editor

Frame Setup includes Deﬁne Frame, Multipath, and Phase Noise

Distortion Addition includes Quantization

PRBS Editor

This dialog box is displayed upon clicking PRBS Editor when PRBS is set to User DeﬁnedintheBase Data ﬁeld (Setup tab).

This data source can generate different pseudo-random binary sequences. You can select PRBS 7, PRBS 9, PRBS 15, PRBS 16, PRBS 20, PRBS 21 and PRBS 23 in the ﬁeld to the right of the PRBS button.

PRBS sequences are generated by a feedback shift register. The number (#) following PRBS indicates the

gth of the generating shift register. For instance, a shift register with 16 memory cells is required to

len

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 41

Operating Basics Data Source Values

generate a PRBS 16 sequence. The pseudo-random sequence of a PRBS generator is determined by the number of registers and the feedback.

Table 13: PRBS editor options

Selection

Use differen

Initial PRB

PRBS polynomial expression Enter an expression in the format

Shift register initial value D1– D31 Enter values in the shift registers to create

xxx

t PRBS at beginning of segment

S polynomial expression

Description

Allows you to expression. The polynomial that you deﬁne is used at the beginning of every sequence. The value of

Enter an exp Xn1+Xn2+1 to add to the initial part of the PRBS polynomial expression. The value of Xn ranges b Use different PRBS at beginning of segment is disabled.

Xn1+Xn2+ sequence. The value of Xn ranges between 1 and 31.

the seq can take the values 0 and 1.

deﬁne a PRBS polynomial

X ranges between 1 and 31.

ression in the format

etween 1 and 31. Enabled when

1 to generate the pseudo-random

uence. The registers D1 through D31

Default value

Disabled

X31+X30+1

D1– D31

Click Apply to effect the changes. Click Reset to Default to restore the editor to the default values. Refer to the Appendix for more information on the taps and the seed (starting values).

See also:

PRBS Editor Starting Values

Data Source Values

This dialog box is displayed when you set the Base Data selection to File and browse for the ﬁle. The ﬁle formats supported are .txt and .dat. Once you select a ﬁle, the data values are taken from that ﬁle.

(see page 224)

42 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Modulation File1(Samples)

The following conditions must be met for a valid ﬁle:

Any ASCII ﬁle, delimited or not, can be used as the data source.

The next bit is generated by reading the ﬁle until a 0, 1, x, or X character is found. 0 and 1 will add the corresponding bit to the sequence; the x and X character add a new random bit.

Any other intermediate character is ignored.

When the end of the ﬁle is reached, the ﬁle is read again from the beginning based on the record length.

The data can be organized by columns or rows.

Any nu

Empty lines or invalid lines at the beginning and end of the ﬁle are ignored.

mber of space, tab, or comma characters can be used as a delimiter.

Modulation File1(Samples)

This dialog box is displayed when File1(Samples) is selected in the Modulation ﬁeld(Setuptab).

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 43

Operating Basics Modulation File1(Samples)

Table 14: Modulation File1(Samples) options

Selection

External

Internal

File

Data Org Specify the organization of data within the selected ﬁle: I/Q, Q/I, I

Format

xxx

Description

Select Extern path.

Select Internal to specify a ﬁle to be taken from the Waveform List. Click the icon next to the File ﬁeld and a list of waveforms appears.

Select the m browsing to the ﬁle. The ﬁle formats supported are: .txt, .dat, and .bin.

Only, or Q O are I Only and Q Only.

Specify the format of the selected ﬁle: ASCII, Binary(ﬂoat), or Binary(double). This option is not available when External is selecte

al to specify an external ﬁle taken from a speciﬁed

odulation ﬁle to be used by entering the path or

nly. When Internal is selected, the available options

Default value

External

N/A

IOnly

ASCII

The Data Org ﬁeld is used to indicate the organization of data as follows within the selected ﬁle:

I/Q. The ﬁrst value of data (until a delimiter) read is considered as I and the next as Q. This will continue to the end of the ﬁle.

Q/I. The ﬁrst value of data read (until a delimiter) is considered as Q and the next as I . This will continue to the end of the ﬁle.

I Only. All the data read are considered as I, and Q is assigned to zero.

y. All the data read are considered as Q, and I is assigned to zero.

QOnl

NOTE. If you have deﬁned different ﬁles for the I and Q components, then you must deﬁne two carriers in the list with the same basic parameters and select the corresponding component in the Data Organization ﬁeld.

The Format ﬁeldisusedtospecifytheﬁ le format. The following conditions must be met for a selected ﬁle format:

When the ﬁle format is ASCII, the data should be in ﬂoating point precision. Spaces and tabs are ignored. Any other characters are considered invalid. RFXpress stops reading data when it encounters invalid data.

When the ﬁle format is Binary(ﬂoat), the data should be in binary format with ﬂoating p oint precision.

When the ﬁle format is Binary(double), the data should be in binary format with double point precision.

When the end of the ﬁle is reached, the ﬁle is read again from the beginning, based on the Record Length.

NOTE. The external ﬁle should contain signals with average power of 1 V appropriately to ensure that the ﬁle contains signals with an average power of 1 V

. You should scale the data

RMS

44 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Modulation File2(Symbols)

Modulation File2(Symbols)

This dialog box is displayed when File2(Symbols) is selected in the Modulation ﬁeld (Setup tab).

Table 15: Modulation File2(Symbols) options

Selection

File

Data Org Specify the organization of data within the selected ﬁle: I/Q, Q/I,

Format

xxx

Description

Select the modulation ﬁle to be used by entering the path or browsing and .bin.

I Only, or Q Only.

Specify the format of the selected ﬁle: ASCII, Binary(ﬂoat), or Binary

to the ﬁle. The ﬁle formats supported are: .txt, .dat,

(double).

Default value

N/A

IOnly

ASCII

TheDataOrgﬁeld is used to indicate the organization of data as follows within the selected ﬁle:

I/Q. The ﬁrst value of data read (until a delimiter) is considered as I and the next as Q. This will continue to the end of the ﬁle.

Q/I. The ﬁrst value of data read (until a delimiter) is considered as Q and the next as I. This will continue to the end of the ﬁle.

I Only. All the data read are considered as I, and Q is assigned to zero.

nly. All the data read are considered as Q, and I is assigned to zero.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 45

Operating Basics Symbol Map

The Format ﬁeldisusedtospecifytheﬁle format. The following conditions must be met for a selected ﬁle format:

When the ﬁle format is Binary(ﬂoat), the data should be in binary format with ﬂoating p oint precision.

When the ﬁle format is Binary(double), the data should be in binary format with double point precision.

When the end of the ﬁle is reached, the ﬁle is read again from the beginning, based on the Record Length.

NOTE. The external ﬁle should contain signals with average power of 1 V appropriately to ensure that the ﬁle contains signals with an average power of 1 V

Symbol Map

This dialog box is displayed when File3(Map) is selected in the Modulation ﬁeld (Setup tab).

. You should scale the data

RMS

46 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Symbol Map

Use the symbol map editor to create user deﬁned modulation schemes. The Symbol Map created is stored in a binary format. This is useful for unsupported modulation schemes and to introduce impairments with the simul

ated waveform.

Table 16: Symbol map options

Selection

Total symbols

Description

Displays the total number of symbols

Range, default value

2 to 512, 4

entered.

Modulation mode

Select the modulation mode: Normal,

Normal Diff (Continuous), Diff (Alternate). Sets the selected modulation mode.

Rotation angle

Specify the rotation angle between I

–180° to +180°, 0° and Q.

Offset modulation Indicates whether to apply offset

No modulation or not: Yes, No. Selecting Yes applies offset modulation.

Predeﬁned map Causes a dropdown list to appear with

QPSK the following selections: None, BPSK, QPSK, QAM16, QAM32, QAM64, QAM128, and QAM256.

Add/Edit Symbols

I component

Specify the I component of the

–100 to +100, 1 modulation.

Q component Specify the Q component of the

–100 to +100, 1 modulation.

Magnitude

Specify the magnitude of the

0 to 141.421, 1.414214 modulation.

Phase

Specify the phase of the modulation. –180° to +180°, 45°

Map - Settings apply to all symbols

Offset I Specify the offset for the I component.

Offset Q Specify the offset for the Q component.

Rotation I/Q phase Specify the phase rotation between I

–100 to +100, 0

–180° to +180°, 0° and Q.

Scale I axis (%) Specify the scale factor for the I

0% to 500%, 100% component.

Scale Q axis (%) Specify the scale factor for the Q

0% to 500%, 100% component.

xxx

The Magnitude and Phase parameters depend on the value of the I and Q components. If you change the value of the I and Q components, the Magnitude and Phase values are recalculated and updated. Similarly, if you change the Magnitude and Phase values, the values of the I and Q components are recalculated and updated.

Clicking Apply Offset, Apply Rotation, and Apply Phase applies the values to the Map Settings parameters. The table is updated according to the newly applied values.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 47

Operating Basics Symbol Map

The following buttons work as listed:

Table 17: Symbol map buttons

Selection

Description

Circle... Deﬁnes a circular constellation with equal magnitude.

Opens a dialog box with the following parameters: Number of Symbols, Radius, Phase offset.

Add

Update

Delete

Adds I, Q, Magnitude, and Phase values to the table.

Updates the selected row from the table.

Deletes the selected row from the table.

Default Settings Clears all the symbol map information and resets to default

values. This is equivalent to opening the Symbol Map dialog box.

Preview... Previews the table values as a plot.

Load

Loads a previously saved symbol ﬁle (.smp) and displays the values in the ﬁelds.

Save As Saves all the parameters in a user-speciﬁed ﬁle (.smp) and

location.

xxx

Circl

Click Circle to deﬁne a constellation window that allows you to create equally spaced symbols in a circle of a speciﬁed radius. You can deﬁne an offset angle to rotate the constellation. The Circle dialog box has the following options:

Table 18: Circle options

Selection

Number of symbols Enter the number of symbols to use

Radius

hase offset

eset Phase Offset

0 degrees

Half the angle between consecutive signals

Reset

xxx

Description

ile creating the constellation.

ter the radius of the circle.

nter the phase offset.

Select this option to set the phase offset to zero.

Press Reset to set the phase to 0 degrees.

Select this option to set the phase offset to half the angle between consecutive signals.

Press Reset to set the phase to half the angle between consecutive signals.

Resets the phase offset to 0 or 90 depending on the selected phase offset.

Range, Default

2 to 512, 4

–5.0 to +5.0, 1

180° to +180°, 0°

–

Selected

N/A

48 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Conﬁgure IF

NOTE. The external ﬁle should contain signals with average power of 1 V appropriately to ensure that the ﬁle contains signals with an average power of 1 V

Conﬁgure IF

This dialog box is displayed when selecting Conﬁgure IF in the toolbar. Conﬁgure IF is only available for Generic signal and when IF + U P signal type is selected.

. You should scale the data

RMS

Table 19: Conﬁgure IF options

Selection

IF Mode

LO Frequency Speciﬁes the frequency of the local oscillator. The local oscillator

xxx

Description

Speciﬁes the IF mode. Upper Side Band, Lower

is the external hardware used to up-convert the IF signal to an RF signal.

Default value

Side Band - High side injection, Lower Side Band - Low side injection, Upper Side Band

0to30GHz,1GHz

IF frequency calculation for different IF modes is base on the following equations.

Upper Side band: RF Frequency = IF Frequency + Local Oscillator Frequency

Lower Side band - High Side Injection: RF Frequency = IF Frequency – Local Oscillator Frequency

Lower Side band - Low Side Injection: RF Frequency = Local Oscillator Frequency – IF Frequency.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 49

Operating Basics Calibration for Generic, Radar, and OFDM Signals

Calibration for Generic, Radar, and OFDM Signals

Click Calibration from the toolbar. The Calibration Wizard opens. The wizard helps you create a correction ﬁle that can be applied on a generated signal. The RF, IF, and IQ signals are supported and the steps are sim

RF calibration requires an AWG5000 or AWG7000 series instrument and an oscilloscope or RSA. Set up the equipment as follows:

IF calibration requires an AWG5000 or AWG7000 series instrument, an oscilloscope or RSA, and devices to change the frequency range generated by the AWG. Set up the equipment as follows:

ilar.

IQ calibration requires an AWG5000 or AWG7000 series instrument, an oscilloscope or RSA, and IQ modulator to upconvert the IQ signal to RF.

50 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Calibration for Generic, Radar, and OFDM Signals

IQ calibration can be done in one of the two ways:

Calibration using an IQ modulator. The I and Q signals generated from the AWG is upconverted to RF using an IQ modulator. In this case, the software provides the total system calibration up to RF output.

Direct calibration. The I and Q signals generated from the AWG is directly calibrated without upconversion.

NOTE. Direct IQ calibration can be done only on an oscilloscope.

Set up the equipment as follows:

NOTE. To calibrate the RF, IF, and IQ signals using RSA, replace the Tektronix oscilloscope with RSA.

To calibrate the signal:

1. Sele

ct and connect to an oscilloscope. A table displays a list of instruments on the network. The instrument model, status, connection type, and instrument name (alias) are shown but they are not editable. The following buttons are available:

Table 20: Instrument setup buttons

Button Description

Connect Connects to the instrument selected in the table and updates the status to Connected in

the table.

Disconnect Disconnects the instrument selected in the table and updates the status in the table.

Test Connection Returns the current status of the instrument selected in the table and displays the status as

Connected (in green) or Not Connected (in red).

Refresh List Refreshes the list of connected instruments.

xxx

2. Enter the AWG and calibration parameters.

For an RF signal, enter the AWG p arameters like sampling rate, select the Interleave/Zeroing

modes, DAC resolution, and the channel (Ch1 or Ch2). Inter leave and Zeroing

(see page 221)

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 51

Operating Basics Calibration for Generic, Radar, and OFDM Signals

Select the signal or signal image to calibrate. Calibrate the Signal Image (see page 226)

Enter frequency parameters like Start Frequency, End Frequency, Frequency Resolution, Average iterations, and the name of the correction ﬁle.

For an IF signal, enter the AWG parameters like sampling rate, select the Interleave/Zeroing modes, DAC resolution, and the channel (Ch1 or Ch2). Enter frequency parameters like IF Start Frequency, IF End Frequency, Frequency Resolution, LO Frequency, and Average iterations. Select the l

ower or upper side band to calibrate and enter the name of the correction ﬁle.

For an IQ signal, enter the AWG parameters like sampling rate, select the I channel and Q channels,

and enter the amplitude of the I and Q signals. Enter the Bandwidth, Baseband Offset,

Frequency Resolution, Average iterations, Carrier frequency, and the name of the correction ﬁle.

Table 21: Calibration setup options

Selection

Calibration Setup

Sampling rate (samples/sec) Displays the sampling rate of the

Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4

DAC Res (bits): 8, 10 Selects the DAC resolution

Interleave (see page 221) Enabled if the signal type is either RF

Zeroing Enabled only when Interleave is

Start Frequency Enter the start frequency of the signal. 10 MHz to Sampling Rate*0.49 Hz,

End Frequency

LO Frequency Enter the low oscillator frequency of

Lower Side Band/Upper Side Band Select the frequency band which is to

Average (iterations) Enter the number of times the software

Frequency Resolution

Calibrate the Signal Select this to correct the actual signal. N/A

Description

instrument. If you change the sampling rate, it is updated in the instrument.

Applies corrections to the selected channels w hen you click Compile. If the corrections ﬁle is not found, you are warned. However, you can continue without applying calibration.

or IF.

available on the instrument.

Enter the end frequency of the signal. 10 MHz to Sampling Rate*0.49 Hz,

the signal.

be calibrated.

sends and captures the signal through the user deﬁned conﬁguration to create an average.

Enter the frequency resolution of the signal. This is used to pick the number of samples between start and end frequencies.

Range, default value

N/A

Ch1

N/A

10 MHz

Sampling Rate*0.49 Hz

N/A

Upper Side Band

1 to 100, 1

N/A

52 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics DUT Characterization Wizard

Table 21: Calibration setup options (cont.)

Selection

Bandwidth

Baseband Offset Enter the baseband offset of the

Carrier Frequency Enter the carrier frequency of the

Calibrate the Signal Image (see page 226)

Select the correction ﬁle Browse and select the correction ﬁle.

xxx

Description

Enter the bandwidth of the signal. 10 MHz to Sampling rate/2, 10 MHz

signal. This is the offset of the signal from the center frequency.

signal. The carrier signal is generated by the IQ modulator instrument.

Select this to correct the image of the signal.

Only one correction ﬁle (rfc) is created; information on all the channels stored in it.

Range, default value

0 MHz to Sampling rate/2

N/A

Disabled

N/A

3. Select the instrument on which to perform calibration (oscilloscope and RSA).

To perform calibration using oscilloscope, select the oscilloscope channel(s) to which the AWG channels are connected.

4. Proceed with the calibration. When the calibration is complete, the amplitude and phase plots are displayed.

Use the correction ﬁle in the Compile Settings dialog box to calibrate the signal.

DUT Characterization Wizard

RFXpress allows you to get the characteristicsofyourDUT.TheDUTindicatesaMixerorAmpliﬁer,

t receivers or IQ Modulators. From the toolbar, select Calibration > D UT Characterization. The DUT

no Characterization wizard opens and guides you through the process.

UT Characterization is a two-step process. The ﬁrst step calibrates the AWG and the creates the

D correction ﬁle. The second step determines the characteristics of the DUT and stores them in a ﬁle that is later used as an input to the S-parameter feature.

To calibrate the AWG:

1. Select and connect to an oscilloscope.

2. Enter the setup parameters. Enter the AWG parameters like sampling rate, select the Interleave/Zeroing

modes, DAC resolution, and the channel (Ch1 or Ch2). Enter frequency parameters like Start Frequency, End Frequency, Frequency Resolution, and Average iterations.

3. Select the oscilloscope channel(s) to which the AWG is connected.

4. Proceed with the calibration

(see page 50).

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 53

Operating Basics Calibration for UWB-WiMedia Signal

To determine the characteristics of the DUT:

5. Enter the DUT setup parameters. Enter the DUT Center Frequency, Upper or Lower Side Band, and select the output ﬁle.

6. Connect the DUT between the AWG and the oscilloscope.

7. Proceed with the characterization. During DUT characterization, the correction ﬁle from the

calibration process is used to send a clean signal from AWG.

Once the characterization is complete, the wizard displays the Amplitude and Phase plots of the DUT.

Calibra

System

To calibrate the signal, click System > Calibration. A set of parameters called Calibration Settings are commo calibration, compile your setup so that the sampling rate is automatically set in the Calibration dialog box. You are prompted with a message to compile your setup before you proceed with calibration. If you choose not to compile the setup, you must enter the sampling rate manually.

This dialog box is displayed. The calibration settings are as follows:

tion for UWB-WiMedia Signal

> Calibration

n across channels. Channel-speciﬁc settings are provided in each channel tab. Before you start

54 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Calibration for UWB-WiMedia Signal

Table 22: Instrument setup option

Selection

Instrument Setup

Signal Type Select the signal type for calibration: RF, IF

xxx

Description

Default value

The table displays a list of instruments on the network. The instrument model, status, connection type, and

trument name (alias) are shown but they are not editable. The following buttons are available:

ins

Table 23: Instrument setup buttons

Button Description

Connect Connects to the instrument selected in the table and updates the status to Connected in

the table.

Disconnect Disconnects the instrument selected in the table and updates the status in the table.

Test Connection Returns the current status of the instrument selected in the table and displays the status as

Connected (in green) or Not Connected (in red).

xxx

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 55

Operating Basics Calibration for UWB-WiMedia Signal

The Calibration Settings and Channel-speciﬁc settings are as follows. All the calibration settings that are set in RFXpress are updated on the connected instrument.

Table 24: Calibration setup options

Selection

Calibration

Sample rate

Interleav

Zeroing Enabled o

Band Group Select the band group of the signal

Calibration Reminder Select a reminder to create calibration

Average (iterations) Enter the number of times the software

Generator Center Freq (MHz) Enter the center frequency for the

Bandgroup Center Freq (MHz) Enter the center frequency for the

Sideband: Lower, Upper Set the sideband value to the lower

Setup

(samples/sec)

(see page 221)

Description

Displays th instrument. If you change the sampling rate, the same is updated in the instrum

Enabled if or IF.

available on the instrument.

from the following options: User deﬁned, BandGroup3, BandGroup4, BandGroup5, and BandGroup6.

For dir available options are: User Deﬁned, BandGroup1 and BandGroup2.

ﬁles p week, Once a month, and Never.

sends and captures the signal through the u create an average.

generated signal. This should be s Frequency when the signal type is RF.

Enabled only for signal type IF with the available for signal types RF and IQ.

user deﬁned band group. Enabled

nly when Bandgroup is set to

o User Deﬁned for RF and IQ signals i n the range of 500 kHz to 10 GHz and

or IF signals in the range of 1 GHz to

f 20 GHz.

or the upper limit. Enabled only for IF signals.

e sampling rate of the

ent.

the signal type is either RF

nly when Interleave is

BandGroup1, BandGroup2,

ect RF generation, the

eriodically: Once a day, Once a

ser deﬁned conﬁguration to

ame as Band Group Center

range of 800 MHz to 10 GHz. Not

Range, defaul

N/A

BandGroup1

Never

0, 10

1to10

N/A

Lower

t value

56 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Marker Mapping

Table 24: Calibration setup options (cont.)

Selection

When compiling, apply corrections to these channels: Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4.

Bands: Band1, Band2, Band3

Channel-speciﬁc parameters

Amplitude (Vpp) Displays the amplitude of the channel.

Offset (V) Displays the offset of the channel.

Use the same amplitude and offset for all channels.

Select the Correction ﬁle Specify the correction ﬁle to create.

xxx

Description

Applies corrections to the selected channels and bands (within the selected Bandgroup) when you click Compile. If the corrections ﬁle is not found, you are warned. However, you can continue without applying calibration.

To change it, set a new value for the amplitude.

To change it, set a new value for the offset.

Uses the amplitude and offset set for a channel for all available channels.

The correction ﬁle that you s pecify is used when you compile the signal.

Range, default value

N/A

The Calibration dialog box has an option to plot each band id. The amplitude and phase plot of the

bration ﬁle is plotted only for a v alid rfc ﬁle. You can plot any of the three bands by selecting the band.

cali

Click Calibrate to create the correction ﬁles. The correction ﬁle that is created can be used to pre-distort

signal so that the ﬁnal signal that is generated is an ideal signal.

the

Click OK to set the correction ﬁle and parameters that are used during compile. In Compile Settings

32) if the option "When compiling apply correction ﬁles to these channels" is selected, the correction

ﬁle speciﬁed in the Calibration dialog box is used to apply corrections.

NOTE. Interleave and Zeroing are available only on the AWG7000 series of instruments with Option 06.

Marker Mapping

This dialog box is displayed when you click Marker Mapping... in the Setup tab (UWB-WiMedia) in both Custom and Conformance modes. The markers M1 and M2 are tightly coupled to the band ID. Marker mappingisusedtoprovidehoppinginformationtothe external RF hopper. The marker information is transferred with IF/RF, I, and Q data. You can use marker information from any channel where analog data is generated.

(see

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 57

Operating Basics Marker Mapping

You can set the following options for markers M1 and M2. The marker pattern generated, based on the following settings, can be used for triggering an external device.

Table 25: Marker mapping options

Selectio

M1, M2 Description

Band 1 Enter M1 and M2 values. The values

canbe0o

Band 2 Enter M1 and M2 values. The values

canbe0o

Band 3 Enter M1 and M2 values. The values

or 1

Marker

delay (ns)

canbe0

N/A

Sets the

Sets th

marker pattern for Band 1

marker pattern for Band 2

e marker pattern for Band 3

Enter the marker delay in

conds. It deﬁnes the

nanose delay in marker transition with

Default v

0, 1

1, 0

1, 1

Range: –312.5 to + 312.5

Default: 0.0 ns

alue

respect to the symbols.

xxx

NOTE. The Marker Mapping dialog box shows a warning message when the AWG is set with 10-bit DAC resolution.

58 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Tone Nulling

Tone Nulling

This dialog box is displayed when you click Tone Nulling... in the Setup tab (UWB-WiMedia) in both Custom and Conformance modes. For the selected Band Group, the tone nulling table shows the carrier number, the a ﬁelds are editable. Double-click the ﬁeld and enter a new amplitude for the selected carrier and band.

mplitudes, and the phases of Band 1, Band 2, and Band 3 in dB. The amplitude and phase

The amplitude values are relative to the amplitudes speciﬁed for each band. The tone nulling value ranges

en –40 dB and +20 dB. For example, if a carrier or tone value is set to –40 dB, the amplitude of

betwe the tone is 40 dB less than that speciﬁed for the band to which it belongs. The phase value ranges from –180 degrees to +180 degrees.

Click Default to restore the band values to their default values.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 59

Operating Basics Hopping Pattern

Hopping Pattern

This dialog box is displayed when you set the TF Code and click Hopping... in the Setup tab in the Custom Mode (UWB-WiMedia). The hopping pattern for the selected Band Group and TF Code is displayed. The X-axis (hori Band Group. The hopping pattern is not editable.

zontal) shows Time and the Y-axis (vertical) shows the Center Frequencies for the selected

To c ust clicking the black squares in each column. This sets the frequency at which a packet is transmitted for each band in a band group. After you have deﬁned the hopping pattern, assign a TFC number (between 1 to 15) to the pattern and click OK.

omize a hopping pattern, set the TF Code to User Deﬁned. You can deﬁne a hopping pattern by

Process Preferences

This dialog box is displayed when you click Process Preferences in the Setup tab (UWB-WiMedia) in the custom mode. The dialog box displays several parameters. In the custom mode, all these parameters can be set for each PPDU or packet listed in the PPDUs in Group table. The ﬁelds corresponding to the parameters are editable and take either Binary or Hexadecimal values. You can change these values and

e your values when the packet is processed. When the parameters are enabled, the software uses your

us values while processing the packet. When the parameters are disabled, the software uses calculated values while processing the packet.

60 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Process Preferences

Table 26: Process preferences

Selection

FCS If selected, processes the FCS value

HCS If selected, processes the HCS value

olomon

Reed-S

PHY header tail bits

Pad bits

FCS tail bits If selected, processes the FCS header

HCS tail bits If selected, processes the HCS tail

Description

e ﬁeld. If cleared, the default

set in th value for FCS value is used.

set in the ﬁeld. If cleared, the default

or HCS v alue is used.

value f

cted, processes the

If sele Reed-Solomon value set in the ﬁeld. If cleared, the default value for

Solomon value is used.

Reed-

ected, processes the PHY header

If sel tail bits value set in the ﬁeld. If cleared, the default value for PHY header tail

is used.

bits

elected, processes the Pad tail bits

If s value set in the ﬁeld. If cleared, the default value for Pad bits is used.

il bits value set in the ﬁeld. If cleared,

ta the default value for FCS header tail bits is used.

its value set in the ﬁeld. If cleared,

b the default value for HCS header tail bits is used.

Default value

Enabled

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 61

Operating Basics Custom Settings

Table 26: Process preferences (cont.)

Selection

Reed-Solomon tail bits If selected, processes the

Reserved bits

xxx

When you click Process This Packet in the custom mode, the software processes the packet and displays the output in the ﬁelds.

Custom Settings

This dialog box is displayed when you click Rate (Selected PPDU Details) in the Setup tab (UWB-WiMedia) in the Custom mode. It displays the custom settings that directly affect the data rate of the selected PPDU.

Description

Reed-Solomon tail bits value set in the ﬁeld. If cleared, the default value for Reed-Solomon tail bits is used.

If selected, processes the Reserved bits value set in the ﬁeld. If cleared, the default value for Reserved bits value is used.

Default value

Enabled

The settings in the custom mode are as follows:

Table 27: Custom s

Selection

Modulation

Convolution encoder Select the convolution encoder and

ettings

Description

Select the modulation to QPSK or DCM.

set it to one of t 1/3, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4.

he following selections:

Default value

QPSK

Enabled, 5/8

62 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Custom Settings

Table 27: Custom settings (cont.)

Selection

Interleaver

Conjugate symmetry Select or clear conjugate symmetry.

Time domain spreading

xxx

Description

Select or clear interleaver.

Select or clear time domain spreading.

Default value

Enabled

Disabled

Enabled

The following table lists the PSDU data rate-dependent modulation parameters.

Table 28: PSDU data rate-dependent modulation parameters

Data rate (Mb/s)

53.3

106.7

160

200

320

400

480

xxx

Modulation

Coding rate Conjugate

QPSK 1/3

QPSK 1/2

QPSK 1/3

QPSK 1/2

QPSK 5/8

DCM 1/2

DCM 5/8

symmetr

Yes Yes

No Yes

No No

TDS

NOTE. If you select one of the standard settings that results in a standard data rate, the MAC for the data rate takes the bits from the standard. If the setting results in a nonstandard data rate, the bit setting is " 11111".

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 63

Operating Basics Frame Payload

Frame Payload

This dialog box is displayed when you click Frame Payload (Selected PPDU Details) in the Setup tab (UWB-WMedia) in the Custom mode.

Table 29: Frame payload options

Selection

Source Select the source for the data to be transmitted from the

File

Packet Data Length Displays the packet data length. Used with the payload data

xxx

Description

following selections: WiMedia Spec Example, All 0, All 1, PRBS 7, PRBS 9, PRBS 15, PRBS 16, PRBS 20, PRBS 21, PRBS 23, and From File.

Select the ﬁle to be used by entering the path or browsing to the ﬁle. Uses the speciﬁed ﬁle (.txt or .dat) as the source of data to be transmitted.

length and the number of packets to calculate the data to be sent in one packet.

The following conditions must be met for a valid ﬁle:

SCII ﬁle, delimited or not, can be used as the data source.

Any A

The next bit is generated by reading the ﬁle until a 0, 1, x, or X character is found. 0 and 1 will add the

responding bit to the sequence while the x and X character will add a new random bit.

cor

Any other intermediate character is ignored.

When the end of the ﬁle is reached, the ﬁle is read again from the beginning, based on the Record Length.

The data can be organized in columns or rows.

Any number of space, tab, comma characters can be used as a delimiter.

Empty lines or invalid lines at the beginning and end of the ﬁle are ignored.

64 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Compile Settings for the Radar Application

CompileSettingsfortheRadarApplication

Waveform > Compile Settings

To specify compilation settings for the currently active Waveform Setup, click Compile Settings. This dialog box is displayed.

RFXpress supports generation of two signal types. The number of waveforms generated varies depending

he signal format selected.

on t

Baseband signals (IQ format). When the IQ signal format is selected, two baseband waveforms I and

re generated. You must specify the names of each waveform.

RF signals (IF/RF form at). When the RF signal format is selected, the baseband waveforms I and Q

re also generated. So after compiling, three different ﬁles are generated.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 65

Operating Basics Compile Settings for the Radar Application

For example, if the waveform name is Test, the generated waveforms are: Test_1_I, Test_1_Q, and Test_1_RF, where the number indicates the pulse index.

The Correction Files option is available for all applications and the Compile Button Prefs option is available only when the AWG software is detected.

Table 30: Compile settings options for radar

Selection Description Range, default value

Compile Button Preferences

Compiles and sends to Compiles the currently active

waveform s speciﬁed channel.

Compile only Compiles the currently active

waveform setup.

Signal Format

IF/RF Sets the signal format to IF/RF. N/A

IQ Sets the signal format to IQ. N/A

Pulse Name

Sampling Rate Specify the sampling rate.

Oversampling

Automatic Automatically calculates the

Adjust Pulse Time/Frequency

rameters

AWG Run Mode

Continuous

Enter the name of the pulse to be gener name entered here for the generated RF waveform.

This is available only when Automatic is disabled.

oversampling based on the setup par enter the oversampling value, disable this option.

Adjust the pulse parameters (Time

rameters or Frequency parameters)

pa of the signal to meet the AWG requirements like granularity,

inimum sequence waveform length,

m coherency, and so on.

When selected, the application uses the Continuous mode during compilation.

For the AWG B-series instruments without Option 08, the Continuous mode is the default setting. Override the default setting by selecting the AWG Run Mode Option.

etup and sends it to the

ated after compilation. Uses the

ameters and the AWG model. To

Ch1

N/A

Waveform1

Automatic

Enabled

Time parameters

Enabled

66 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Add Pulse Groups

Table 30: Compile settings options for radar (cont.)

Selection Description Range, default value

Sequence

Overwrite waveform in RFXpress list

I Invert

Q Invert When selected, inverts the phase of

xxx

When selected, the application uses the Sequence mode during compilation.

If Option 08 is present, by default the application uses Sequence mode. You can override the default by selecting the AWG Run Mode option.

When selected, overwrites any existing waveform of the same name in the waveform list. When this option is disabled, you are prompted to enter a waveform ﬁle name.

When selected, inverts the phase of the I signal.

the Q signal.

Disabled

Enabled

Disabled

Click Compile to compile the waveform. A progress bar is displayed during compilation. You can abort the compilation by clicking Cancel.

Add Pulse Groups

The Radar module allows to add two or more pulse groups. The time window of the largest pulse group in the list will have all the pulses added together.

NOTE. Dead time is not a part of the added pulse groups.

In the radar module, click the Pulse tab and click Add Pulse Groups. This dialog box is displayed.

A table displays the pulses that make the pulse train. In the Check to add pulse column, select the pulse groups to add together. You can use the Check All button to select all pulse groups and Uncheck All to deselect all pulse groups.

Compile Settings for OFDM

Waveform > Compile Settings

To specify compilation settings for the currently active Waveform Setup, click Compile Settings.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 67

Operating Basics Compile Settings for OFDM

RFXpress supports generation of two signal types. The number of waveforms generated varies depending on the signal format selected.

Baseband signals (IQ format). When the IQ signal format is selected, the waveforms are generated based on various parameters. If the AWG Run mode is set to Continuous, then two or three waveforms are generate

d. If phase noise and multipath are not speciﬁed, then a waveform is created for each

packet. Spacing waveforms are also generated.

RF signals (

IF/RF format). When the RF signal format is selected, the baseband waveforms I and Q

are also g enerated. So after compiling, three different ﬁles are generated.

The Correction Files option is available for all applications and the Compile Button Prefs option is available only when the AWG software is detected.

Table 31: Compile settings options for OFDM

Selection Description Range, default value

Signal Format

IF/RF Sets the signal format to IF/RF. N/A

IQ Sets the signal format to IQ. N/A

Waveform Name Enter the name of the pulse to be

generated after compilation. Uses the name entered here for the generated RF waveform.

Sampling Rate You can specify either the Sampling

Rate or Oversampling by disabling Automatic.

Oversampling

Automatic Automatically calculates the

Compile Button Prefs

Compiles and sends to Compiles the currently active

Compile only Compiles the currently active

AWG Run Mode

Continuous

This is available only when Automatic is disabled.

oversampling based on the setup parameters and the AWG model. To enter the oversampling value, disable this option.

waveform setup and sends it to the speciﬁed channel.

waveform setup.

When selected, the application uses the Continuous mode during compilation.

For the AWG B-series instruments without Option 08, the Continuous mode is the default setting. Override the default setting by selecting the AWG Run Mode Option.

Waveform1

Automatic

Enabled

Ch1–Ch4 (depending on the instrument)

N/A

Enabled

68 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Reed Solomon Coding

Table 31: Compile settings options for OFDM (cont.)

Selection Description Range, default value

Sequence

Overwrite waveform in RFXpress list

I Invert

Q Invert When selected, inverts the phase of

xxx

When selected, the application uses the Sequence mode during compilation.

If Option 08 is present, by default the application uses Sequence mode. You can override the default by selecting the AWG Run Mode option.

When selected, overwrites any existing waveform of the same name in the waveform list. When this option is disabled, you are prompted to enter a waveform ﬁle name.

When selected, inverts the phase of the I signal.

the Q signal.

Disabled

Enabled

Disabled

Click Compile to compile the waveform. A progress bar is displayed during compilation. You can abort the compilation by clicking Cancel.

Reed Solomon Coding

Reed Solomon (RS) codes are in digital transmission and storage. The Reed Solomon encoder takes a block of data and adds extra redundant bits. A block of Reed Solomon codes shown in the following ﬁgure consists of “K” information symbols added by “2t” parity symbols to make an N symbol codeword. The RS decoder can correct up to “t” symbols that contain errors in the codeword, and speciﬁed as RS(N,K). For a symbol size of m-bits, the maximum codeword length is N=2m-1.

RFXpress uses a generic Reed-Solomon encoder, whose characteristics can be altered by modifying the parameters. They are: Number of symbols (K), length of parity symbol (2t), number of bits per symbol (m), primitive polynomial p(x), and the initial power of the primitive element (b). The generator polynomial P(x) is automatically generated by RFXpress.

A Reed Solomon code is constructed by forming the code generator polynomial g(x), consisting of 2t (or N–K) factors.

a block-based error-correcting mechanism in a wide range of applications

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 69

Operating Basics Reed Solomon Coding

Generator polynomial g(x)= g(x)= (x–αb)(x-α

b+1

)(x–α

b+2

)…… (x-α

b+2t–1

)

where alpha is the primitive element.

Based on the application, b can take different values, and thus starting roots with different power. The starting value of b can be set using initial power of the primitive element which is provided as an input to RFXpress.

To use Reed Solomon coding:

1. Click the Basic Setup tab and deﬁne the b ase data.

2. For eac

h base data, you can set Reed Solomon coding. Select Reed Solomon Coding and click

Turn O n . Set the following parameters:

Table 32: Reed-Solomon coding options

tion

Selec

per Symbol

Bits

t number of

Inpu Symbols

Encoded number of Symbols

Primitive Polynomial Enter the primitive polynomial. None, X8+X4+X3+X2+1

Initial power of the

imitive element (b)

enerator Polynomial

xxx

Description

r the number of bits in a symbol (m in the equation).

Ente

r the number of symbols (K in the equation).

Ente

Enter the encoded number of symbols.

N, N=K+2t, where 2t is the number of parity symbols. Note the

ber of parity symbols has to be even, thus N-K has to be even.

num

Enter the power (index) of the primitive polynomial.

Displays the polynomial based on the inputs provided. X6+126X5+4X4+

, default value

Range

1to16,8

1 to 100000, 17

50000, 23

1to

0 to 100, 1

58X3+58X2+49X1+117

3. Click Apply.

70 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Scramble Editor

Scramble Editor

You can apply scrambling on the deﬁned data. The initial seed and the polynomial expression are required for the scrambling to be applied.

Scramblers a

re used in wireless standards to randomize the bits. This is done to avoid long sequence of

ones and zeros.

1. Click the Basic Setup tab, and select Scramble Editor. Set the following parameters

Table 33: Scramble editor options

Selection

Scramble polynomial express

Shift register initial value Enter values in the shift registers to create the sequence. The

xxx

Description

Enter an expression in the format Xn1+Xn2+1 to generate the scramble sequence. The value of Xn ranges between 1 and 31.

registers D1 through D31 can take the values 0 and 1.

Default value

X31+X30+ =0

D1–D31

2. Click OK.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 71

Operating Basics Convolution Coding

Convolution Coding

The Convolution Coding dialog box is displayed when you click Frequency Hopping in the Packets tab (OFDM).

Convolutional code is a type of error-correcting code in which:

Each m-bit information symbol (each m-bit string) to be encoded is transformed into an n-bit symbol, where m/n is the code rate (n ≥ m). So in a 1/2 mother rate, for every bit we have two bit output.

The transformation is a function of the last k information symbols, where k is the constraint length of the code. The number of stages k is deﬁned in the shift register.

1. Click t

he Basic Setup tab, and deﬁne the base data.

2. For each base data, you can set Convolution coding. Select Convolution Coding and click Turn O n .

e following parameters:

Set th

Table 34: Convolution coding options

Selection

Constraint Enter the length of the constraint.

Mother Rate

Polynomial Value (Octal) Enter the values (in Octal) in the table. The number of rows in

Puncturing Scheme Deﬁne the puncturing scheme by changing the values in the

xx x

Description

Select from the following: 1/2, 1/3. 1/4, 1/5. 1/2

the table depends on the selected Mother Rate.

tableto0.

Range, default value

1to10,1

Puncturing is a process of omitting some of the encoded bits in the transmitter, thereby reducing the

umber of transmitted bits. This is done to obtain higher data rates.

3. Click Apply.

72 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Tone Nulling

Tone Nulling

The Tone Nulling dialog box is displayed when you click Tone Nulling in the Symbol tab (OFDM). For the selected symbol, the tone nulling table shows the carrier index, the amplitude (dB), and the phase (degrees).

Click Turn On. The amplitude and phase ﬁelds are editable. Double-click the ﬁeld and enter a new amplitude for the selected carrier. The amplitude values range from –40 dB to +20 dB, with the default at 0 dB. The p

hase values range from –180° to +180°, with the default at 0°. If a user-deﬁned ﬁle is the input (speciﬁed in User-deﬁned Frequency Weight), the number of carriers shown depends on the I and Q values in the ﬁle.

Frequency Hopping

The Frequency Hopping dialog box is displayed when you click Frequency Hopping in the Packets tab (OFDM).

1. Click the Packets tab.

a. Add the number of packets required. At least one packet is present in the table by default.

b. Specify the packet parameters.

2. For each packet, you can set frequency hopping.

a. Select Frequency Hopping and click Tu r n O n.

b. Set the following parameters:

Table 35: Frequency hopping options

Selection

Start Symbol ID

End Symbol ID

Frequency Offset (± MHz)

Relative Amplitude (± dB)

xxx

Description

Enter the symbol at which to start hopping. The start symbol cannot be greater then the end symbol.

Enter the symbol at which to end hopping.

Enter the relative frequency at which to hop. The frequency offset can be positive or negative.

Enter the relative amplitude at which to hop. The amplitude can be positive or negative.

Range, default value

N/A

Depends on the instrument and options, 0kHz

–60to0dB,0dB

3. Enable Repeat frequency/amplitude hopping to repeat the frequency offset and relative amplitude

values for all the pulses. When disabled, the frequency offset and relative amplitude values are used for only those symbols and 0 is used for all o ther symbols.

4. Click OK.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 73

Operating Basics Gated Noise

Gated Noise

The Gated Noise dialog box is displayed when you click Gated Noise in the Packets tab (OFDM).

You can apply gated noise to either certain segments of the packets or through a range of symbols. You can deﬁne a range of symbols to which to apply noise.

A negative signal-to-noise value indicates that the noise added will be g reater than the signal amplitude. Conversely, a positive signal-to-noise value indicates that the noise added will be smaller than the signal amplitude.

1. Click the Packets tab.

a. Add the number of packets required. At least one packet is present in the table by default.

b. Specify the packet parameters.

2. For each packet, set gated noise.

a. Select G

ated Noise and click Tu rn O n.

b. Set the following parameters:

Table 36: Gated noise options

Selection

Start Symbol ID

End Symbol ID

S/N (dB)

xxx

3. Sel

ect Repeat gated noise to repeat the S/N (signal-to-noise ratio) values for all the symbols. When

Description

Enter the symbol at which to apply noise. The start symbol cannot be greater than the end symbol.

Enter the symbol at which to end the noise.

Enter the signal-to-noise ratio to be applied. The value can be positive or negative.

disabled, the S/N values are used for only those symbols and 0 is used for all other symbols.

ick OK.

4. Cl

Compile Settings for Environment Signals

Waveform > Compile Settings

To specify compilation settings for the currently active Waveform Setup, click Compile Settings.

Range, default value

N/A

–60 to +60 dB, 20 dB

RFXpress supports generation of two signal types. The number of waveforms generated varies depending on the signal format selected:

74 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Compile Settings for Environment Signals

Baseband signals (IQ format). When the IQ signal format is selected, the waveforms are generated based on various parameters. If AWG Run Mode is set to Continuous, then two waveforms are generated.

RF signals (IF/RF form at). When the RF signal format is selected, the baseband waveforms I and Q are also gene

rated. After compiling, three different ﬁles are generated.

Table 37: Compile settings options for environment

Selection Description Range, default value

Waveform length Speciﬁes the time domain length of

the resulting waveform. It can be expressed as Time only.

Automatic

Signal Form at

IF/RF Sets the signal format to IF/RF. N/A

IQ Sets the signal format to IQ. N/A

Waveform Name Enter the name of the pulse to be

Periodically repeat for integer multiples only

Sampling Rate Specify e ither the Sampling Rate

Automatic Automatically calculates the sampling

Compile Button Preferences

Compiles and sends to Compiles the currently active

Compile only Compiles the currently active

Automatically calculates the waveform length based on the setup parameters. To enter the w aveform length, disable this option.

generated after compilation. Uses the name entered here for the generated RF waveform.

This option works with the Periodically Extend check box in the conﬁguration box for each Environment signal element. (For more information, see Conﬁguring

Basic Settings (see page 167).)

If you select this option and Periodically Extend,thewaveformis repeated X number of times (where X is an integer) until the total duration of the waveform is less than or equal to the ﬁnal waveform duration.

or Oversampling by disabling Automatic.

rate based on the setup parameters. To enter the sampling rate value, disable this option.

waveform setup and sends it to the speciﬁed channel.

waveform setup.

Determined by the m aximum waveform memory of the instrument

Enabled

Waveform1

Disabled

Automatic

Enabled

Ch1–Ch4 (depending on the instrument)

N/A

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 75

Operating Basics Radar Conﬁgure

Table 37: Compile settings options for environment (cont.)

Selection Description Range, default value

AWG Run Mode

Continuous

Sequence

Overwrite waveform in R FXpress list

I Invert

Q Invert When selected, inverts the phase of

xxx

When selected, the application uses Continuous mode during compilation.

Continuous mode is the default compilation mode for the Environment plug-in.

When selected, the application uses Sequence mode during compilation.

Continuous mode is the default compilation mode for the Environment plug-in.

When selected, overwrites any existing waveform of the same name in the waveform list. When this option is disabled, you are prompted to enter a waveform ﬁle name.

When selected, inverts the phase of the I signal.

the Q signal.

Enabled

Disabled

Enabled

Disabled

Click Compile to compile the waveform. A progress bar is displayed during compilation. You can abort the compilation by clicking Cancel.

Radar Conﬁgure

The Radar Conﬁgure dialog box lets you conﬁgure interference parameters for a Radar signal that you add to an Environment signal. Follow these steps to conﬁgure the signal:

1. Click Environment from the toolbar.

2. Double-click Radar in the list of signal types.

3. In the Radar conﬁguration box, click Conﬁgure.

4. Set the following parameters:

76 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Radar Conﬁgure

Table 38: Radar Conﬁgure options

Item Description Range, default

value

Pulse Width Enter the pulse width. Based on the instrument

and options in

stalled,

1 μs

Pulse Offtime Enter the offtime.

Based on the i

nstrument

and options installed, 10 μs

Pulse Repetition

Enter the number of repetitions.

Based on the instrument and options installed, 1

xxx

5. To c onﬁgur

e more advanced options for the Radar signal, click Advanced.

The advanced Radar Conﬁgure window opens. For information on this window, see Carrier Setup

(see page

135).

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 77

Operating Basics Radar Conﬁgure

78 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a Generic Signal Single Carrier

Single Carrier

In the Setup tab (Generic Signal) by default, Single Carrier is selected in the Carriers ﬁeld. A carrier is displayed in the carrier table and is selected. When Single Carrier is selected, you cannot add another carrier; you must switch to Multi Carrier to add another carrier.

IF/RF Signa

When the signal type is IF/RF, the table displays the following: Carrier number, Frequency (MHz), Amplitude

(dBm), Symbol rate (MHz), Modulation, Filter, Alpha/B*T parameter, and State (ON by

default).

The Single Carrier group options show Frequency in Hz and Amplitude in dBm in 50 Ω load.

Table 39: Single carrier group options for IF/RF signal

Selection

Signal type: IF/RF

Frequency (Hz) Enter the carrier frequency in Hz.

Amplitude (dBm) Enter the amplitude of output signal in dB.

xxx

Description

Range, default value

Depends on the instrument bandwidth, 10M

–100.00 dBm to +30 dBm, 0

IQ Signal

When the s ignal type is IQ, the table displays the following: Carrier number, Offset (MHz), Amplitude (V

), Symbol rate (MHz), Modulation, Filter, Alpha/B*T parameter, and State (ON by default).

RMS

The Single Carrier group options show Baseband Offset in Hz and Amplitude in V

le 40: Single carrier group options for IQ signal

Tab

cription

Selection

Des

Signal type: IQ

Baseband Offset (MHz) Enter the carrier frequency offset in Hz.

Amplitude (V

xxx

) Enter the amplitude of output signal in V

RMS

Range, default value

pends on the instrument bandwidth, 0

to5V

RMS

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 79

Creating a Generic Signal Multi Carriers

NOTE. None of the items in the shortcut menu are available in the single carrier table.

Multi Carriers

In the Setup tab (Generic Signal), select Multi Carrier in the Carriers ﬁeld. An anchor carrier is displayed in the table. To add a carrier, in the Add Carrier ﬁeld, type the number of carriers to add. The maximum number of carriers you can have in the table is 1024. Each row in the table corresponds to one carrier. If you try to en

A signal must be repeated to obtain a continuous output for AWGs. To avoid discontinuities at the transitio all the “wrap-around” artifacts. For a modulated carrier, to have a signal free of wrap-around artifacts, a set of conditions must be met by the signal:

An integer number of carrier cycles must be available in the segment for any given carrier.

ter m ore than 1024 carriers, you are reminded that the maximum number of carriers is 1024.

n between the end and the beginning of any pair of segments, the application takes care to avoid

An integ

In general, it is difﬁcult to meet these criteria for any given set of carriers if the record length in the target

ment is a ﬁnite and integer number. This means that some rounding must be performed. You can

instru select one of the carriers as an anchor carrier to act as a reference. The application calculates the output clock (sampling rate) to preserve some of the frequency c haracteristics of the anchor carrier. If record length is expressed in samples, the carrier fre quency is preserved. If record length is expressed in symbols, the symbol rate is the preserved. The actual clock output is also inﬂuenced by the maximum carrier frequency in the carrier table and the oversampling fac tor. The actual values for carrier frequencies and

ol rates are shown in the carrier table after compilation.

symb

NOTE. For each carrier, you can deﬁne the parameters in each of the tabs: Setup, Hopping, Power Ramping, I/Q Impairments, Distortion Addition, Multi-Path, and Interference Addition.

er number of symbols must be available in the segment for any given carrier.

IF/RF Signal

When the signal type is IF/RF, the table displays the following: Carrier number, Frequency (MHz), Amplitude (dBm), Symbol rate (MHz), Modulation, Filter, Alpha/B*T parameter, and State (ON by default).

Select the Base Data group options allow you add carriers based on:

(see page 83) and set the Amplitude in dBm in 50-ohm load. The Multi Carrier

Center frequency, where you must provide the Center frequency and Bandwidth.

Range, where you must provide the Base Frequency and Carrier Spacing.

80 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a Generic Signal Editing Carrier Details

Table 41: Multi carrier group options for I F/RF signal

Selection

Signal type: I

Center

Center Frequ

Bandwidth (Hz) Enter the bandwidth of the carrier.

Range

Base frequ

Carrier spacing (Hz)

Phase shift Enter the phase shift between the

Random When selected, uses a random phase

xxx

F/RF

ency (Hz)

Description

Enter the cen carrier.

Enter the b carriers.

Enter the

carriers (degrees). Disabled when Random i

shift v

ter frequency of the

ase frequency of the

spacing between carriers.

s selected.

alue.

Range, default

1 Hz to the maximum supported by the AWG, 50 MH

1Hztothema the AWG, 100 MHz

1 Hz to the maximum supported by the AWG, 10

1Hztothe the AWG, 10 MHz

–180° to +180°, 0°

Disabled

value

ximum supported by

MHz

maximum supported by

IQ Signal

When the s ignal type is IQ, the table displays the following: Carrier number, Offset (MHz), Amplitude (V

), Symbol rate (MHz), Modulation, Filter, Alpha/B*T parameter, and State (ON by default).

RMS

Select the Base Data

(see page 83) and set the Amplitude in V

you to enter the Initial Offset (Hz) and Carrier Spacing (Hz).

Table 42: Multi carrier group options for IQ signal

Selection

Signal type: IQ

Initial Offset (Hz) Enter the initial offset of the carriers.

Carrier Spacing (Hz) Enter the frequency spacing between

xxx

Editing Carrier Details

If you have more than one carrier and you select a carrier in the table, the Multi Carrier options change to Selected Carrier options. You can set the options for each selected carrier. To edit carrier parameters, highlight the carrier in the table, and then do one of the following:

Description

arriers.

. The Multi Carrier group options allow

RMS

Range, default value

Depends on the instrument bandwidth

1 Hz to the maximum supported by the AWG, 10 MHz

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 81

Creating a Generic Signal Editing Carrier Details

Change the values directly in the ﬁelds for the selected carrier. As you change the values in the ﬁelds, the new values are committed immediately.

In the table, double-click the parameter that you want to change and directly enter new values. If you select File1 (samples), File2 (Symbols) or File3 (Maps), the corresponding dialog boxes open for you to edit the valu

es. Changing the State to ON or OFF includes or excludes the carrier during compilation.

The Add, Delete and Set Anchor buttons work as follows:

Table 43: Carrier editing options

Selection

Add

Delete

Set Anchor Sets the selected carrier as the anchor carrier.

xxx

Description

Adds one or more carriers to the table. All of the carrier parameters use default states.

Deletes the selected carrier from the table. Select multiple carriers using the Shift or Control keys and dragging the pointer. The carriers are renumbered when you delete a carrier from w ithin the sequence.

By default, the ﬁrst carrier in the table is the anchor carrier.

State

Add is always enabled.

Delete is disabled when an empty row or no carrier is selected in the table.

Set anchor is disabled when an empty row or no carrier is selected in the table.

NOTE. When you add more than one carrier at a time, the Setup tab automatically shows options to allow adding multiple carriers.

If you change from Multi Carrier to Single Carrier, the following message appears: The current anchor carrier will become the single carrier. Do you want to continue? You can click Continue and make the anchor carrier the only carrier in the single carrier mode. You can click Cancel to cancel the operation.

Edit operations are available in the shortcut menu (when you right-click a selected carrier in the table). The available operations are: Cut, Copy, Paste, Delete, Delete All, and Set Anchor.

Table 44: Editing options in the shortcut menu

Selection

Cut Cuts the current selected row

Copy Copies the current selected row

Paste

Delete

Description

(carrier) and copies the contents to clipboard.

Pastes the contents from memory on to the selected row or carrier (replaces the selected row).

Deletes the selected row (carrier).

State

Enabled when a carrier is selected.

Enabled only after a cut or copy operation.

Enabled when a carrier is selected.

82 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a Generic Signal Selecting the Base Data

Table 44: Editing options in the shortcut menu (cont.)

Selection

Delete All

Set Anchor Sets the currently selected row’s

xxx

Description

Deletes all the rows (carriers) in the table.

frequency as anchor frequency.

Selecting the Base Data

Follow these steps to select the base data for a signal:

1. Select the Setup tab.

2. Select a carrier from the table.

3. In the B

ﬁeld:

Table 45: Multi carrier options for IF/RF signal

tion

Selec

Base data

All 0

All

PRBS Select the PRBS type from the following: 7, 9, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, and

Pattern

File

xxx

ase Data ﬁeld, select the data source. The following table lists the choices for the Base Data

Description

ct the data source from the following: All 0, All 1, PRBS, Pattern, File.

Sele

ds a s equence of binary 0 symbols. An example is a data sequence

Sen with the l ength ten {d} = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}.

Sends a s equence of binary 1 symbols. An example is a data sequence with the l ength ten {d} = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}.

er Deﬁned.

To edit the bit sequence, select User Deﬁned in the PRBS dropdown menu. This causes the PRBS Editor…

Enter a pattern of 0s and 1s up to a maximum of 80 digits in the text ﬁeld

hat appears.

Select the base data ﬁle to be used by entering the path or browsing to the ﬁle. The supported formats are .txt and .dat.

State

Always enabled.

Enabled when a carrier is selected.

(see page 41) button to appear.

Defau

PRBS

N/A

lt value

NOTE. If you try to compile the signal without specifying a base data ﬁle, the following message appears: RFXpress cannot compile. You must select a ﬁle for base data ﬁrst or change the selection.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 83

Creating a Generic Signal Modulation for Carriers

Modulation for Carriers

Follow these steps to select the modulation parameters for a signal:

1. Select the Setup tab.

2. Select a carrier from the table.

3. Set the following modulation parameters:

Table 46: Modulation options for carriers

Selection

Modulation

FSK Pea

ASK Mod Index (%) Enter the ASK modulation index. Deﬁned

AM Mod Index (%) Enter the AM modulation index. Deﬁned only

Phase Deviation (deg

Pha

Fr Deviation (Hz)

Coding Specify the coding parameter: None, Gray,

k Deviation (Hz)

rees)

se Rotation

equency

Description

Select a mo No Mod, QPSK, PI/2 QPSK, BPSK, PI/4 QPSK, OQPSK, 8-PSK, O-8PSK, QAM-16, PI/2 QAM1 QAM-256, QAM-512, QAM-1024, GMSK, 2-FSK, 4-FSK, 8-FSK, 16-FSK, 32-FSK, ASK, AM, BPSK, and Gaussian Noise, File1(Samples)

(see page 43), Modulation File2(Symbols) (see pag

Enter t only when the modulation type is set to FSK.

only when modulation type is set to ASK.

when

Ente when modulation type is set to PM.

Set the phase in degrees for the Differential PSK Modulation. Deﬁned only when the mod

t the n value of n-DPSK modulation. n can

Se be only power of 2.

Enter the frequency deviation. Deﬁned only when modulation type is set to FM.

ifferential, Gray differential, NADC, TFTS,

D and MSAT. Deﬁned when the modulation type is set to n-DPSK, PI/2 BPSK, PI/2 QPSK, PI/2 8-PSK, and PI/2 QAM16.

dulation type from the following:

6, QAM-32, QAM-64, QAM-128,

PM, FM, nDPSK, OOK, Pi/2

49), File3(Maps) (see page 46).

he FSK peak deviation value. Deﬁned

modulation type is set to AM.

r the phase deviation. Deﬁned only

ulation type is set to n-DPSK.

Range, def

No M o d

Depends on the instrument bandwidth, 1000 kH

0 to 200%, 1%

0 to 200%, 50%

0° to

0° to +180°, 45°

0 kHz to 10 GHz, 100 kHz

None

ault value

+180°, 10°

84 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a Generic Signal Filter for Carriers

Table 46: Modulation options for carriers (cont.)

Selection

Symbol rate (Hz) Enter the symbol rate for modulation.

Bandwidth

xxx

Description

Deﬁned when the modulation type is set to n-DPSK, OQPSK, PI/2 BPSK, PI/2 QPSK, PI/2 8-PSK and PI/2 QAM16.

Enter the bandwidth for the modulation. this appears only when the modulation type is Gaussian Noise.

Range, default value

Depends on the instrument bandwidth

Default: 1 MHz

1Hzto3.5GHz,1MHz

When the Modulation parameter is set to File1 (Samples), Base Data, Coding and Filter parameters are not available. The Symbol Rate parameter changes to Input File Sample Rate. When the Modulation parameter is set to File 2 (Symbols), Base Data and Coding parameters are unavailable. When Modulation is set to

AM, FM, or PM, the Symbol Rate parameter changes to Modulating Frequency.

You can edit the Modulation parameters from the table by selecting the values in the dropdown list for the par

ameter. If you select File1 (samples), File2 (Symbols), or File3 (Maps), the corresponding dialog

boxes open for you to edit the values.

NOTE. When the modulation type is Gaussian Noise, the Power Ramping, I/Q Impairments, Distortion Addition, Multi-Path, and Interference Addition features are not available.

Filter for Carriers

Follow these steps to select the ﬁlter and window parameters for a signal:

1. Select the Setup tab.

lect a carrier from the table.

2. Se

3. Set the following Filter/Window parameters. The Filter/Window parameters are not available when

he modulation type is Amplitude Modulation, Frequency Modulation or Phase Modulation.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 85

Creating a Generic Signal Filter for Carriers

Table 47: Filter options for carriers

Selection

Filter

Alpha/B*T Enabled for Raised Cosine, Root Raised

Convoluti (symbols)

Window

Kaiser Parameter (dB)

Chebyshev ripple Enter the Chebyshev Ripple. Appears only

xxx

on length

The window parameter is available only for Chebyshev and Kaiser Windows.

Description

Select the ﬁlt Rectangular, Raised Cosine, Root Raised Cosine, Gaussian (Dirac Delta), Gaussian (Rectangula Half-Sine, and No Filter.

Cosine, Gaussian, and Gaussian-2.

Enter the c is used to calculate the FIR ﬁlters impulse response. To keep the pulse shape symmetric, the convol number.

Select the window type from the following: None, Rectangular, Triangular, Hamming, Hanning Exact Blackman, Flat Top, Tapered Cosine, and Chebyshev Ripple.

Enabled Cosine, Gaussian, Gaussian-2, Triangular, and Edge.

Enter the Kaiser parameter. Appears only when Window is set to Kaiser.

when W

er from the following options:

r, Triangular, Edge), U ser deﬁned,

onvolution length. Convolution length

ution length has to be given in odd

, Blackman, Kaiser, Blackman-Harris,

for Raised Cosine, Root Raised

indow is set to Chebyshev.

Range, default

No F ilter

Raised Cosine: 0.0 to 1, 0.35

Root Raised Cosine: 0.0 to 1, 0.35

Gaussian Fi

3 to 201, 21

None

1 to 10, 2.2

10 dB to 80 dB, 40 dB

value

lter B*T: 0.1 to 3.0, 0.5

(odd numbers only)

4. When Filter is set to User Deﬁned, a dialog box appears where you can select a ﬁle. The supported ﬁle name extensions are .txt, .dat and .bin. The Format ﬁeld is used to specify the ﬁle format. Ensure that the following conditions are met for a selected ﬁle format:

When the ﬁle format is Binary(ﬂoat), the data should be in binary format with ﬂoating p

oint

precision.

When the ﬁle format is Binary(double), the data should be in binary format with double point precision.

Filters must be deﬁned with 50 samples per symbol time as the software will take care of resampling and interpolate these values to the resolution required by any speciﬁc settings.

Filter coefﬁcients must be in columns.

You can edit the Filter parameters from the table by selecting the values in the dropdown list for the parameter.

86 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a Generic Signal Hopping Parameters

Hopping Parameters

Hopping allows you to add frequency and amplitude hopping for a selected carrier.

Follow these steps to deﬁne frequency/amplitude hopping:

1. SelectacarrierandclickTurnOn.

2. Deﬁne the Hop Frequency parameters. Select the pattern from the following: Custom Table,

Pseudo-Random (Range), Pseudo-Random (List), and Pseudo-Random (Avoid List). The default pattern is Custom Table.

If you select Custom Table, you must directly enter the values into the table. Click Add to add a row to the table and edit the values. You can enter values as Absolute Frequency (MHz) or as Frequency Offset (±MHz). The table columns change depending on the selected Hop Time Method. You can add up to 500 hops for a carrier.

The relative amplitude takes only negative values (0 to –60 dB) and frequency offset takes positive and negative values.

NOTE. I

f the hop frequency is not deﬁned for a time interval, then the application sets the hop

frequency during that time interval to a frequency offset of 0 Hz with a relative amplitude of 0 dB.

select Pseudo-Random (Range), the signal will hop using the speciﬁed interval within the

If you frequency range speciﬁed. Enter the following:

Table 48: Hop frequency parameters for Pseudo-Random Range

ction

Sele

imum Frequency/Minimum

Min Frequency Offset

Maximum Frequency/Minimum Frequency Offset

Channel Spacing (Hz) Specify the minimum frequency

PRBS Select the PRBS pattern for hopping:

xxx

ription

Desc

er the frequency range within

Ent which to hop. Specify the start frequency for the range.

Specify the end frequency for the range.

intervals for hopping. The signal will hop in this interval or at multiples of this interval.

7, 9, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, User-deﬁned.

e, default value

Rang

IF/RF: 100 Hz to the maximum

For supported by the instrument and installed options, 10 MHz

r IQ: Depends on the instrument

Fo and installed options, –10 MHz

For IF/RF: 100 Hz to the maximum supported by the instrument and

nstalled options, 100 MHz

For IQ: Depends on the instrument and installed options, +10 MHz

100 Hz to (Max freq–Min Freq), 10 MHz

7 (default)

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 87

Creating a Generic Signal Hopping Parameters

The signal will hop in the speciﬁed frequency range.

If you select Pseudo-Random (List), the signal will hop randomly using the frequencies speciﬁed in the table. Click Add to add a row to the table and edit the frequency values. All frequency values are in absolute terms.

If you select Pseudo-Random (Avoid List), the signal will avoid hopping in the frequencies speciﬁed in the table. Click Add to add a row to the table and edit the frequency values. Enter the followi

ng:

Table 49: Hop frequency parameters for Pseudo-Random Avoid

Selection Description Range, default value

Minimum Frequency/Minimum Frequency Offset

Maximum Frequency/Minimum Frequency Offset

Channel Spacing (Hz) Specify the minimum frequency

PRBS Select the PRBS pattern for hopping:

xxx

Enter the frequency range within which to hop. Specify the start frequency for the range.

Specify the end frequency for the range.

intervals for hopping. The signal will hop avoiding the frequencies speciﬁed in the table in this interval or at multiples of this interval.

7, 9, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, User-deﬁned.

For IF/RF: 100 Hz to the maximum supported by the instrument and installed options, 10 MHz

For IQ: Depends on the instrument and installed options, –10 MHz

For IF/RF: 100 Hz to the maximum supported by the instrument and installed options, 100 MHz

For IQ: Depends on the instrument and installed options, +10 MHz

100 Hz to (Max freq–Min Freq), 10 MHz

7 (default)

3. Deﬁne how the values are entered – Absolute Frequency (MHz) or Frequency Offset (±MHz). Both options are available for Custom Table. Only Absolute Frequency (MHz) is available for Pseudo-Random (List), and Pseudo-Random (Avoid List) for IR /RF signals and Frequency Offset

MHz) for IQ signals.

(±

4. Deﬁne the Hop Time parameters. Select the Method from the following: Symbols per hop (ﬁxed),

ops per second (ﬁxed), Symbol Index (each hop), and Time in hop (variable). All options are

H available for Custom Table. Only Symbols per hop (ﬁxed) and Hops per second (ﬁxed) are available for Pseudo-Random (Range), Pseudo-Random (List), and Pseudo-Random (Avoid). For the selected method, specify the Symbols per hop (ﬁxed) or Hops per second (ﬁxed).

88 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Tektronix RFX100 Printed Help Document

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual