Tektronix RFX100 Printed Help Document

RFXpress® RFX100 Advanced RF/IF/IQ Waveform Creation and Editing Software for the AWG5000/B & AWG7000/B Series Generators PrintedHelpDocument

www.tektronix.com

077-0045-02

Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions.

Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published m aterial. Speciﬁcations and price change privileges reserved.

TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

Tektronix is pleased to acknowledge Mr Joan Mercade a s the author of portions of this Tektronix RFXpress Software providing baseband and modulation functionality.

RFXpress RFX100 Online Help Version 2.0, part number 076-0081-02.

Contacting Tektronix

Tektronix, 14200 SW Karl Braun Drive P.O . B o x 5 0 0 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA

Inc.

For product

In North America, call 1-800-833-9200. Worldwide, visit ww w.tektronix.com to ﬁnd contacts in your area.

information, sales, service, and technical support:

Table of Contents

Introduction

Welcome............................................................................................................. 1

Related Documentation ........... .................................. ................................ ............... 1

Conventions.......... ................................ .................................. ............................. 2

Feedback.......................... ................................ .................................. ................. 2

Getting Started

Minimum System Requirements................................. .................................. ............... 3

Ordering RFXpress.................................. ................................ ............................... 3

Installation........................................................................................................... 4

Connection Setups

Setup for RF Signal Generation. .................................. .................................. ......... 4

Setup for IF Signal Generation............................................................................... 5

Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation....................................................................... 5

Table of Contents

Operating Basics

About Basic Operations............................................................................................ 9

Overview of the Software ........................................................................................ 10

Starting the Software .................... .................................. ................................ ........ 11

Using the Software to Create a Signal........................................................................... 11

Exiting the Software. .... . .... . .... ..... ... . . .... . .... ..... .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... ..... .... . .... . .... ... . 12

File Name Extensions and Directories .......................................................................... 12

Applications, Setup Files, and Data Files ..................... ................................ .................. 12

Menus and Toolbars

Menu Bar ...................................................................................................... 13

Standard Toolbar.............................................................................................. 16

Status Bar ...................................................................................................... 17

Waveform List ............ .................................. ................................ .................. 17

Toolbar Options

Select Application ............................................................................................ 19

Signal Type.. .................................. .................................. .............................. 19

Compile................ .................................. ................................ ...................... 20

On/Off.............................. .................................. .................................. ........ 20

Run ................. .................................. ................................ .......................... 20

Dialog Boxes

Open Setup .................................................................................................... 21

Open Data ..................................................................................................... 21

Save Setup............. .................................. .................................. .................... 21

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual i

Table of Contents

Save Data ...... ................................ .................................. .............................. 21

Import Data from a File ...... .................................. ................................ .............. 21

Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope. . .... ..... ..... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... .. 23

Find Instruments .............................................................................................. 25

Graph......................................... .................................. ................................ 26

Compile Settings.................................... .................................. ........................ 28

Option Installation............................................................................................ 31

Overview ...................... .................................. .................................. ............ 33

Generic Signal Dialog Boxes

Calibration for Generic and Radar Signals................................................................. 35

PRBS Editor ................................. .................................. ................................ 38

Data Source Values ........................................................................................... 39

Modulation File1(Samples).................................... ................................ .............. 40

Modulation File2(Symbols) ................................................................................. 41

Symbol Map........................... .................................. ................................ ...... 42

UWB-WiMedia Dialog Boxes

Calibration for UWB-WiMedia Signal ................................. .................................. .. 45

Marker Mapping .............................................................................................. 48

Tone Nulling. . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... ..... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... 49

Hopping Pattern............................................................................................... 50

Process Preferences........................................................................................... 51

Custom Settings............................................................................................... 53

Frame Payload .......................... .................................. .................................. .. 54

Radar Dialog Boxes

Compile Settings for the Radar Application .............................................................. 55

Creating a Generic Signal

Setup

Single Carrier........................................ .................................. ........................ 59

Multi Carriers ... ................................ .................................. ............................ 60

Editing Carrier Details ....................................................................................... 61

Selecting the Base Data.. ................................ .................................. .................. 63

Modulation for Carriers ...................................................................................... 63

Filter for Carriers . .... ... . . ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... ..... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... 64

Hopping

Hopping Parameters .......................................................................................... 66

Power Ramping

Power Ramping Parameters ................................................................................. 66

I/Q Impairments

Carrier Leakage for Single Carrier...................... .................................. .................. 67

Quadrature Error for Carriers................................................................................ 68

I/Q Imbalance for Carriers ............................... .................................. .................. 68

ii RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Nonlinear Distortions for Carriers .......................................................................... 69

Hardware Skew for Carriers......................... .................................. ...................... 69

I/Q Swap for Carriers............................... .................................. ........................ 70

Distortion Addition

Ampliﬁer Distortion for Carriers............................................................................ 70

MultiPath

Multipath Parameters for Carr iers ... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . . 71

Interference Addition

Signal Addition for Carriers . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... .. 72

Offset for Carriers ............................................................................................ 73

Sinusoidal for Carriers ... ................................ .................................. .................. 74

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal

Conformance Mode ............................................................................................... 77

Custom Mode ............................ .................................. .................................. ...... 77

Conformance Mode Setup

Packet Group Details for Conformance Mode............................................................. 78

Packet Details for Conformance Mode..................................... ................................ 80

Hopping Details for Conformance Mode .................................................................. 82

Custom Mode Setup

Packet Group Details for Custom Mode ............................... .................................. .. 83

Setting PPDU Details ... ..... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... .. 84

PLCP Preamble ......................... .................................. .................................. .. 85

PLCP Header ............................ .................................. .................................. .. 86

PSDU............................. .................................. .................................. .......... 87

Packet Sync Sequence.................................. ................................ ...................... 87

PHY Header................................................................................................... 90

MAC Header .................................................................................................. 91

I/Q Impairments

Carrier Leakage for UWB-WiMedia . ................................ .................................. .... 91

Quadrature Error for UWB-WiMedia ...................................................................... 92

I/Q Imbalance for UWB-WiMedia........................................ ................................ .. 92

Nonlinear Distortion for UWB-WiMedia .................................................................. 93

Hardware Skew for UWB-WiMedia.................................. ................................ ...... 93

I/Q Swap for UWB-WiMedia ........................... ................................ .................... 94

Distortion Addition

Ampliﬁer for UWB-WiMedia ............................................................................... 94

MultiPath

Multipath Parameters for UWB-WiMedia .. . . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . ... 95

Interference Addition

Signal Addition for UWB-WiMedia... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . . 96

Offset for UWB-WiMedia ................................................................................... 97

Table of Contents

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual iii

Table of Contents

Gated Noise for UWB-WiMedia.. .................................. ................................ ........ 98

Sinusoidal for UWB-WiMedia ............ .................................. .............................. 101

Real-World Signal Interference ..... .................................. ................................ .... 102

Calibration for UWB-WiMedia Signals

Using Calibration for IF/RF Signals........................................................................... 105

Creating a Radar Signal

Carrier Setup ............................... ................................ .................................. .... 107

Pulse

Pulse Setup .. ................................ .................................. .............................. 107

Pulse Envelope.............................................................................................. 108

Staggered PRI ............................................................................................... 109

Modulation .................................................................................................. 111

Hopping...................................................................................................... 114

Pulse Impairments .. .................................. ................................ ...................... 114

I/Q Impairments

Hardware Skew for Radar ................................................................................. 115

Carrier Leakage for Radar ................................... .................................. ............ 116

Quadrature Error for Radar................................................................................ 116

I/Q Imbalance for Radar ................................................................................... 117

I/Q Swap for Radar ................. .................................. .................................. .... 117

Interference Addition

Signal Addition ... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .. 117

Noise ............... ................................ .................................. ........................ 118

Instrument Control

Controlling an Instrument . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... ..... .... . .... . .. 119

Controlling an Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... .... . .... . .... . .... . .... 120

Connecting to and Controlling an Oscilloscope.. . ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... 122

Connecting to and Contr olling a Performance Signal Generator (PSG).. . .... ..... . .... ... . . .... . .... . ... 123

Instrument Contol in the Radar Application

Controlling an Arbitrary Waveform Generator from the Radar Application . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... 125

Settings View . .... . ... . . .... . ..... ..... . .... . .... . .... . ... . . .... . ..... ..... . .... . .... . .... . ... . . .... . ..... .. 125

Sequence View ............................................................................................. 126

Trigger Options ............................................................................................. 127

Event Options ............................................................................................... 128

iv RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Graphing

Zooming Graphs................................................................................................. 129

Pulse Shape....................................................................................................... 12

I(t), Q(t)................... ................................ .................................. ...................... 129

CCDF Plot.................................... .................................. .................................. 130

Spectrum.......................... .................................. ................................ .............. 131

Constellation Plotting .... . .... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ..... ..... ... . . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... . .... ... . 132

Eye Diagram ..................................................................................................... 133

Spectrogram...................................................................................................... 1

FFT of Coherent Pulse Interval ................................................................................ 134

Reference

Error Messages

Error Messages for Generic Signal . .................................. ................................ .... 137

Error Messag

Error Messages for Radar.................................................................................. 139

Miscellaneous Error Messages ............................................................................ 143

Miscellaneous Error Messages 2.... .................................. .................................. .. 145

Shortcut Keys .................. ................................ .................................. ................ 146

RFXpress Opt

AWG Spe ciﬁcations ............................................................................................. 148

Interleave ....... .................................. .................................. .............................. 148

PRBS Editor Starting Values....... .................................. .................................. ........ 150

Ampliﬁer Distortions............ .................................. .................................. ............ 151

Nonlinear Impairments.................................. .................................. ...................... 151

Image Calib

Types of Modulation ............................................................................................ 153

Frequently Asked Questions ................................................................................... 157

Table of Contents

es for UWB-WiMedia ................................ .................................. .... 138

AWG Sequence Window-related errors ............................................................. 143

ions and AWG Models ......................................................................... 146

ration................................................................................................ 152

Index

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual v

Table of Contents

vi RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Introduction Welc ome

Welcome

RFXpress RFX100 is a software application that creates digitally modulated baseband, IQ, IF, RF, UWB-WiMedia, and Radar signals that can be generated through arbitrary waveform generators (AWG). This software arbitrary waveform generators and can also run from an external PC.

runs as an integral part of AWG5000/AWG5000B and AWG7000/AWG7000B series

Using RFXpre modulation schemes and create single or multi-carrier signals where each carrier can be independently deﬁned. For each carrier, you can apply impairments such as quadrature error and I/Q imbalance, add interferences such as sinusoidal interference, and deﬁne the graphs to create. Upon compilation, the signal can be viewed as graphs, sent to an arbitrary waveform generator, and saved for later use. Compilation options include sending signals directly to the AWG and completely eliminating the wrap-around effects fo continuously without any discontinuity or glitch in the tim e, frequency, modulation, or channel coding domains. Waveform transfer a nd control of the AWG5000/AWG5000B and AWG7000/AWG7000B series can be performed directly from RFXpress.

Waveforms captured from oscilloscopes and real-time spectrum analyzers can be modiﬁed in RFXpress before they are regenerated.

You can create UltraWideBand WiMedia signals in the Conformance and Custom modes. In the conformance mode, you can either select a standard setup or deﬁne your own setup based on the UWB standards. In the Custom mode, you can create a customized signal by deﬁning packet parameters and setting processing preferences. The Calibration feature for the U WB-WiMedia module allows you to

correction ﬁles and apply these correction ﬁles to channels during compilation.

create

The RFXpress RFX100 radar application supports basic pulse generation of different shapes and

ation types.

modul

ss RFX100 (referred to as RFXpress), you can deﬁne baseband I and Q signals with various

und in arbitrary waveform generators. This provides seamless signals that can be played back

See also:

alibration (see page 105)

Find Instruments (see page 25)

Setup for IF Signal Generation

1. Start the RFXpress installed o n the AWG.

2. From the toolb

3. Connect the AWG Ch 1 Analog O utput to the DUT where the IF Signal must be fed.

4. Click Compile. The waveform is compiled according to the default settings in the Compile Settings

window. The compiled waveform is displayed in the Waveform List. This IF waveform will be transferre

5. Click On/Off to turn on the channel Ch1.

6. Click Run to generate the signal on the AWG.

See also:

alibration (see page 105)

Find Instruments (see page 25)

Setup for A

1. Start the R

2. From the toolbar, select the sign al type as IQ.

ar, select the signal type as IF/RF.

d to the AWG channels (Ch1) and this can also be seen in the Instrument Control > AWG tab.

WG IQ Signal Generation

FXpress installed on the AWG.

3. Make connections as shown in the ﬁgure:

Connect the AWG Ch1 Analog Output to the DUT where the I Signal must be fed.

Connect the AWG Ch2 Analog Output to the DUT where the Q Signal must be fed.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 5

Getting Started Setup for AWG IQ Signal G eneration

NOTE. Both ca bles must be the same length, otherwise you would need to deskew them.

4. Click Compile. The waveform is compiled according to the default settings in the Compile Settings. The compiled waveform is displayed in the Waveform List. This waveform will be transferred to the AWG channels (Ch1 and Ch2). This can also be seen in the Instrument Control > AWG tab.

5. ClickOn/OfftoturnonthechannelsCh1andCh2.

6. Click Run to generate the signal on the AWG.

Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation with External Modulator

1. Start the RFXpress installed on the AWG.

2. Select the Signal type as IQ.

3. Make connections as shown in the ﬁgure:

Connect the AWG and Agilent performance signal generator® (E8267D with Option 015) through LAN or GPIB.

Connect the AWG Ch1 Analog Output to the A gilent performance signal generator’s (PSG® ) external I Input (in the rear panel).

Connect the AWG Ch2 Analog Output to the A gilent performance signal generator’s (PSG®) external Q Input (in the rear panel).

Connect the PSG’s RF output from the front to the DUT.

6 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Getting Started Setup for AWG IQ Signal G eneration

NOTE. Both cables must be the same length, otherwise you would need to deskew them.

4. Click Compile. The waveform is compiled according to the default settings in the Compile Settings

window. The compiled w aveform is displayed in the Waveform List. This waveform will be transferred to the AWG channels (Ch1 and Ch2 ). This can also be seen in the Instrument Control > AWG tab.

5. ClickOn/OfftoturnonthechannelsCh1andCh2.

6. Click Run to generate the signal on the AWG.

See also:

ation (see page 105)

alibr

Find Instruments (see page 25)

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 7

Getting Started Setup for AWG IQ Signal G eneration

8 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics About Basic Operations

About B asic Operations

The basic operations section describes the software, tells how to start the software, use the menus and toolbars, and describes the dialog boxes.

In this online help, all menu selections are indicated with Menu name and Menu options separated by ">". Youcanaccessacommandoramenuoptioninmore than one way. Several main menu options are available in which open with a right-click, are provided for editing, creating and viewing graphs, importing data from a ﬁle or a Tektronix oscilloscope, and transferring a waveform to an arbitrary waveform generator.

Some dialog boxes also have a Help button that displays help for that dialog box.

a toolbar that you can use instead of selecting the option from the main menu. Shortcut menus,

Detailed op Radar, Calibration for WiMedia Signals, Instrument Control, and Graphing. The References section lists Error Messages, Shortcut Keys, and provides a note on Interleaving and Types of Modulation.

The following ﬁgure shows the application screen, the menu, the toolbar, and other elements of t he user interface.

erations and parameters are described in the sections on Generic Signal, UWB-WiMedia,

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 9

Operating Basics Overview of the Software

Overview of the Software

RFXpress is a software application that creates digitally modulated baseband, IQ, IF, RF, UWB-WiMedia, and Radar signals that can be generated through arbitrary waveform generators (AWG). This softw are runs as an integral part of AWG5000/AW G5000B and AWG7000/AWG7000B series arbitrary waveform generators and can also run from an external PC.

Features of RFXpress

Baseband data generation: Deﬁne baseband I and Q signals using a variety of modulation schemes such as, BPSK, QPSK, PI/4 QPSK, OQPSK, SDPSK, 8-PSK, O-8PSK, QAM16, QAM32, QAM64, QAM128, QAM256, QAM256, QAM512, QAM1024, GMSK, 2-FSK, 4-FSK, 8 -FSK, 16-FSK, 32-FSK, AM, FM, and PM.

Multi-carrier setup: Deﬁne multiple RF/IF carriers in a single waveform. Each carrier can be independently deﬁned with parameters such as carrier frequency, symbol rate, modulation type, and baseband ﬁlters.

Single or multiple pulse groups to form a pulse train: Each pul with various predeﬁned pulse shapes and user deﬁ ned shapes for a pulse group.

Allows you to apply various modulation schemes or deﬁne your own.

Allows you to have Pulse- to-Pulse hopping within a pulse group and to apply impairments like Edge Jitter, Width Jitter, Overshoot, Ripple and Droop on a pulse group.

IQ impairments: Apply impairments including quadrature error and quadrature imbalance.

Generate the following graphs:

Frequency Domain: Spectrum

I v Q: Constellation

Time Domain: I(t) and Q(t) vs. time, and Pulse shape

Statistical: CCDF and Eye Diagram

Time vs Frequency: Spectrogram and Coherent Pulse Interval

Distortion measurement for system calibration: To maintain system integrity and coherency with Amplitude, Phase inband ﬂatness, and skew between separate channels. The setup includes capturing data from a TDS oscilloscope and a real-time spectrum analyzer and downloading the data to generate the correction data.

Noise/interference generation and addition: Generate and add interference for waveforms. Generate gated noise on speciﬁc frames designated by the user.

se group can be independently deﬁned

Capture and Replay: Waveforms captured from oscilloscopes and real-time spectrum analyzers can be modiﬁed in RFXpress before they are regenerated.

10 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Starting the Software

Wrap around: RFXpress completely eliminates all the wrap-around effects found in arbitrary waveform generators, providing seamless signals that can be played back continuously without any discontinuit

Connectivity between AWG, oscilloscope, and Agilent Performance Signal Generator® (PSG). The ability to identify and connect to a Tektronix Arbitrary Signal Generator (AWG), a Tektronix oscilloscope, and the Agilent PSG®, and the AWG sequence mode is to optimize the memory and create large number of pulses.

y or glitch in the time, frequency, modulation, or channel c oding domains.

to conﬁgure their setups remotely. The radar application uses

Starting the Software

From the Start menu, click All Programs > Tektronix RFXpress > RFXpress. You can also double-click the RFXpress shortcut on the desktop.

You can use the software in three modes:

RFXpress on any AWG5000/AWG5000B or AWG7000/AWG7000B series instrument. In this case, the software automatically detects the AWG software. You can transfer data directly to the AWG. The status bar shows "AWGXXXX Online".

RFXpress on a PC with the AWG software running in the ofﬂine mode. In this case, the AWG software has to be started before starting RFXpress. You can transfer data to the AWG ofﬂine software. The status bar shows "AWGXXXX Ofﬂine".

RFXpress on a PC without the AWG software. In this case, the software does not detect the AWG software, and you cannot transfer data to the AWG (although you can create and store the waveform for later use). The status bar shows "AWGXXXX Not Available".

UsingtheSoftwaretoCreateaSignal

Using RFXpress, you can generate a signal as follows:

1. Select an application or module: Generic Signal, UWB-WiMedia, or Radar.

2. Select the signal type: IF/RF or IQ.

3. For a Generic signal, select the number of carriers: Single or Multi-carrier. For a UWB signal, select

the m od e: Conformance or Custom. For a Radar signal, select the number of pulses.

4. For a Generic signal, deﬁne the carrier parameters: Frequency, Modulation, Amplitude, Filter and

others. For a UWB signal, select the setup and deﬁne the selected packet group and packet parameters. For a Radar signal, select the pulse envelope, frequency, and other pulse par ameters.

5. Select the compilation options and compile the signal.

You can also specify the graphs that you want to create and view them in the Graph Preview window. You can transfer the signal to an arbitrary waveform generator in the I nstrument Control window. Importing ﬁles and replicating waveform ﬁles work with only the following instruments:

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 11

Operating Basics Exiting the Software

Oscilloscopes: Tektronix TDS6000, DPO70000, and DPO7000 series

Arbitrary Waveform Generators: Tektronix AWG400, AWG500, AWG600, and AWG700 series

Real-time Spectrum Analyzers: Tektronix RSA3000 and RSA60000 series

Exiting the Software

Select File > Exit to exit the application. If you have not saved the waveforms, you are prompted to do so.

File Name Extensions and Directories

The software uses the following ﬁle name extensions:

Table 3: File name extensions and their descriptions

File name extension Description

.rfs Setup ﬁle of the selected application

.rfd Data ﬁle of the waveform (generic signal and ultra wide

band signal)

.smp

.rfc Correction ﬁle

xxx

Symbol ﬁle

The software uses the following directories:

Table 4: Directory names and their descriptions

Directory Description

C:\Program Files\Tektronix\RFXpress\System Contains the application ﬁles and executables

C:\Program Files\Tektronix\RFXpress\Documentation Contains the related documentation as text and PDF ﬁles

C:\Program Files\Tektronix\RFXpress\Samples Contains sample waveform ﬁles

xxx

Applications, Setup Files, and D ata Files

An application is a module that you can use to create speciﬁc types of waveforms, for example Generic Signal and UWB-WiMedia. Applications that are available but have not been purchased appear in the Application list but are disabled.

You can only have one Setup File (.rfs) open at a time and only one application in use at a tim e. If you change the application, you will be prompted to save the open ﬁle.

12 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Menu Bar

Selecting an application: In the Select ﬁeld, select an application from the list. When you select an application (Generic Signal, UWB-WiMedia, or R adar), the default settings are displayed for the currently sel

Setup File (.rfs): A Setup File is a collection of settings that describes a single or multiple waveforms. Once you compi Compiled data ﬁles for the current session appear in the Waveform List. After you select the Application, a default Setup File opens automatically. If a setup ﬁle is open with unsaved c hanges and you try to create a new ﬁle or change applications, you are prompted to save the ﬁle. Toopenanexistingsetup ﬁle, select File > Open Setup.

The rfs ﬁle content varies depending on the selected application (Generic or UWB-WiMedia). By default, thenameoftherfsﬁle is derived from the application name.

Data F ile (.rfd): You can save a compiled Setup File as a Data File using File > Save Data or Save Data As. Files that you import from other instruments become data ﬁles. Select File > Save or Save As to save these data ﬁles. To open an existing data ﬁle, select File > Open Data.

ected application.

le the setup ﬁle (using Waveform > Compile), you can save the ﬁle as a Data File (.rfd).

NOTE. Eac information and sampling rate.

Menu Bar

The RFXpress menu has the following items:

File

hrfdﬁle can store one of the three formats: IF/RF, I, and Q. An rfd ﬁle stores the version

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 13

Operating Basic s Menu Bar

Use the File menu to:

Restore the default setup for the currently active application

Create new waveform setups

Open, close and save waveform setups (.rfs format)

Open, close and save data ﬁles (.rfd format)

t data from a ﬁle (created by another software)

Impor

Import data from a Tektronix oscilloscope

Exit the software

Vie w

Use the View menu to:

View the Standard toolbar

View the Status toolbar

Conﬁgure

Use the Conﬁgure menu to:

Select an application: Gen eric Signal, UWB-WiMedia, or Radar. UWB-WiMedia and Radar

are available only if they have been purchased

Open the Find Instruments dialog box to m ake instrument connections

Waveform

14 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Menu Bar

Use the Waveform menu to:

Compile the currently active Waveform Setup

Set Compilation options

Open the Graph Setup dialog box to select the graphs

System

Use the System menu to:

Run

Stop

Turn all channel outputs on o r o ff

Open the Ca

Window

libration dialog box and set the parameters to calibrate the signal

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 15

Operating Basic s Standard Toolbar

Use the Window menu to:

View the Waveform List window

Preview the Graphs

Open Instrument Control window

Open the Overview window

Close all windows

Help

Use the Help menu to:

Open the online help

Displayhelpspeciﬁc to the currently active application

Display technical support on the Tektronix Web site

Display information about the application, such as version number

Standard Toolbar

The Standard toolbar is always displayed by default. Select View > S tandard toolbar to hide or show the toolbar.

The Standard toolbar has the following options that you can select:

Select Application (see page 19)

Signal Type (see page 19)

Calibration (see page 35) Calibration for Generic Signal

Overview (see page 33)

Find Instruments (see page 25)

16 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Status Bar

Graph (see page 26)

Compile (see page 20) and Compile Settings (see page 28)

Status Bar

The S tatus Bar is always displayed by default. Select View > Status Bar to hide or show the status bar. The status bar shows the selected application, the AWG mode, and the active waveform names. The status of calibration (On/Off) is also displayed.

Waveform List

Window > Waveform List

The Waveform List is a ﬂoating window and can be moved anywhere in the display area. By default it opens in the leftmost area of the display window. The Waveform List window can be kept open by pushing the pin in the top right corner, or closed and opened as you like. To view the waveform list, from the menu select Window > Waveform List.

After you select a signal to generate and set the parameters for it, you must compile it to create the data. Once you compile a signal (using Compile from the toolbar), waveform data is created and added to the waveform data. The maximum number of w aveforms that can be displayed in the waveform list is 13,000. When the number of waveforms exceeds this limit, a warning message appears: Number of waveforms is over the maximum limit of 13,000.

To save a waveform that is available in the list, select the waveform and select File > Save Data or Save Data As. You can also right-click the selected waveform and choose Save Data As. The compiled waveform or data ﬁle is saved as a data ﬁle (.rfd) in the speciﬁed location. The data ﬁles are stored in the path where the application is installed.

NOTE.

compile the waveform again from the setup, if you have saved the setup using File > Save Setup or Save Setup As. The setup ﬁle is an rfs ﬁle.

You can select the following options from the shortcut menu:

list. The Waveform list displays the Name, Length, Sampling Rate and Format of the waveform

If you close the software without saving the compiled waveform, the waveform is lost. You can

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 17

Operating Basic s Waveform List

Table 5: Shortcut menu options and their description

Selection

Description

Send to AWG Enabled only if the AWG software is running and when a

waveform is selected. Sends the selected waveform data to an Arbitrary Waveform Generator. Select the channel to which to send the data.

Show Graph Enabled only when a waveform is selected. Plots a graph of

the selected type: Frequency Spectrum, Time Domain and CCDF. You can also select G

raph Settings... (see p age 26)

and choose the graphs from those available.

Save Data As... Enabled only when a waveform is selected. Saves the

selected waveform data as a .rfd ﬁle in the speciﬁed name and location.

Import from File... (see page 21) Imports data into the software from a ﬁle. Choose the ﬁle

and location from which to import data.

Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope... (see page 23) Imports data from a Tektronix oscilloscope that is connected

to the instrument on which the software is running.

Delete All

Enabled only when a waveform or waveforms are available in the Waveform List. Deletes all the waveforms shown in the waveform list.

Delete

Enabled only when a waveform is selected. Deletes the selected waveform.

Rename...

Enabled only when a waveform is selected. Opens a dialog box that allows you to enter a waveform name.

xxx

You can also drag and drop a waveform from the Waveform List to Instrument Control. When you drag and drop a waveform, the sampling rate is automatically set in the instrument.

The Rename…, Save As… and Delete buttons appear at the bottom of the Waveform List. These buttons are available only when a waveform is selected.

18 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Select Application

Table 6: Waveform list buttons and their description

Selection

Rename...

Save... Saves the selected waveform as an .rfd ﬁle.

Delete

xxx

Description

Opens a dialog waveform.

Deletes the selected waveform.

box and allows you to rename the selected

Generating Graphs

In the shortc and CCDF. Not all the graphs are available for all waveform formats and all applications. The following table lists the availability of the graphs for various waveform formats.

Table 7: Waveform formats and available graphs

format

When both I and Q waveforms are selected

When I waveform is selected

When Q waveform is selected

When IF/RF waveform is selected

xxx

For the Radar application, the available graphs are Spectrum, Spectrogram, CPI, I Vs Time, and Q Vs time.

ut menu, from the Graph option you can select the following graphs: Time Domain, Spectrum,

GraphsSelected waveform

CCDF Spectrum

Available Available Not available

Not available Not available Available

Not available Available Available

Time domain

Select Application

Conﬁgure > Select Application

Before you create a new Waveform S etup and Setup File, you must identify the application. Do this by clicking on the Application ﬁ eld and selecting either Generic Signal, UWB-WiMedia, or Radar. The default settings for the currently selected application will be displayed.

NOTE. The UWB-WiMedia Custom Mode and Radar are enabled only if you have purchased the options.

Signal Type

Set the signal type from the drop-down list to either IF/RF or IQ. Another way to select the signal type is by using the C

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 19

ompile Settings (see page 2 8) dialog box.

Operating Basic s Compile

Compile

Waveform > Compile

To compile a currently active waveform:

1. Click Compile in the Standard toolbar. The waveform is compiled and displayed in the Waveform List.

2. From th e Waveform List (see page 17), you can select Send to AWG, Show Graph, Save Data as,

On/Off

Click the On/Off button to turn on or turn off the arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) channel output.

Run

Click the Run button to turn on or turn off the Run state of the arbitrary waveform generator (AWG). If the application is running on an AWG or using an ofﬂine mode of the AWG software, the compiled waveform is directly output to the channel. The channel is turned on and generates the signal. The signal generation is indicated when the Run button changes to green.

Delete, or Rename the waveform.

20 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Open Setup

Open Setup

File > Open Setup

Youcanopenasetupﬁle from the selected location. All ﬁles have the ﬁle name extension .rfs.

Open Data

File > Open D ata

You can open a data ﬁle from the selected location. All ﬁles have the ﬁle name extension: .rfd.

Save Setup

File > Save Setup, File > Save Setup As...

You can save the setup ﬁle in any of the following formats: .rfs and .txt.

Use File > Save Setup to save an existing setup ﬁle with the same name. If you are saving the setup for the ﬁrst tim e, the Save Setup option works exactly as the Save Setup As... option.

Use File > Save Setup As... to save the setup ﬁle with another ﬁle name.

Save Data

File > Save Data, File > Save Data As...

You can save the data ﬁle in either .rfd or .txt format. You must compile a setup before you can save the data. If you try to save a setup as data without compiling, you are prompted to compile the setup.

UseFile>SaveDatatosaveanexistingdataﬁle with the same name. If you are saving the data for the ﬁrst tim e, the Save Data option works exactly as the Save Data As... option.

UseFile>SaveDataAs... tosavethedataﬁle with another ﬁle name.

ort Data from a File

Imp

e > Import from File

Fil

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 21

Operating Basics Import Data from a File

You can import a waveform ﬁle created in another software, and import the resulting waveform into RFXpress. To import data from a ﬁle, select File > Import from ﬁle. This dialog box is displayed. Navigate to the directo

ry of choice and select the ﬁle to import.

You can impor t ﬁles of the following types:

.wfm from oscilloscopes and arbitrary waveform generators

.iqt from real-time spectrum analyzers (RSA3000 series)

.tiq from real-time s pectrum analyzers (RSA6000 series)

.pat from arbitrary waveform generators

.isf from oscilloscopes

22 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope

.csv (comma separated ﬁle)

.txt (text ﬁle)

.mat (MATLAB) ﬁle

The following options are available:

Table 8: File import options and their description

Selection

Data Type: I Data, Q Data, IF/RF Data Select the data type to specify the type

CSV, Txt Format Speciﬁes the parameters contained in

Overwrite waveform in list

Set as baseband signal

xxx

Description

of data contained in the ﬁle. Enabled only when the ﬁle formats are .csv and .txt

the csv or text ﬁle:

Time, Volt <cr><lf> (TDS CSV format)

Points, Volt <cr><lf>

Volt <cr><lf>

Volt <cr><lf>, AWG710 format

Enabled only when the ﬁle format is .csv or .txt.

When selected, overwrites the waveform present in the waveform list without any warning.

When selected, replaces any existing carriers with two carriers representing the baseband signal. This option is available only when an iqt or tiq ﬁle is selected for import and the selected application is Generic Signal.

A MATLAB (.mat) ﬁle should meet the following conditions:

Default value

IData

Time, Volt <cr><lf> (TDS CSV format)

Disabled

It should contain a sampling rate and a variable with ‘n’ sample p

oints or values (n > 1).

The sampling rate s hould be of the format 1 x 1 and the points should be of the format 1 x n.

For example,

SamplingRate = 15e9

SamplePoints = [ 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.7 ….]

Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope

File > Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 23

Operating Basics Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope

You can import a waveform ﬁle from a Tektronix oscilloscope that is connected to your instrument into RFXpress. To do this, select File > Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope. This dialog box is displayed.

A table displays a list of oscilloscopes on the network. Select an oscilloscope in the table a nd click Connect to connect to it. You can connect to more than one oscilloscope at a time. Click Disconnect to disconnect from an oscilloscope.

For a connected oscilloscope, you can set the following parameters:

Table 9: Waveform import options and their description

Selection

Data Source Select the data from which to acquire

Waveform Type Select the type of waveform: I, Q, or

Waveform Name Specify the waveform name. The

Acquisition Mode

Record Length

xxx

Description

the waveform data: Ch1 to Ch4, Math1 to Math4, and Reference1 to Reference4.

RFIF.

imported waveform is saved in the speciﬁed name.

Set the acquisition mode to one of the following: Samples, Peak De Envelope, or Average.

Displays the record length of the selected oscilloscope. Change the record length by entering a ne in the ﬁeld.

tect,

w value

Default value

Ch1

N/A

Samples

N/A

24 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Find Instruments

Click Acquire to import the data. The speciﬁed waveform name is used to list the waveform in the Waveform List.

Find Instruments

Conﬁgure > Find Instruments

You can ﬁnd instruments on the network and connect to them.

1. Click Find Instruments to ﬁnd other instruments on the network. The following dialog box opens. A

table lists the instruments found along with the Name of the instrument, Model, Status (connected or not), and the Connection type (Ethernet or GPIB).

2. Select an instrument from the table. Use the following buttons to:

Table 10: Find instruments options and their description

Button Description

Connect Connect to the instrument selected in the table. Connect

is enabled by default if an instrument is highlighted in the

disabled if no instrument is highlighted.

table;

Disconnect

Refresh Refresh the list of instruments.

Import... (see page 23) Open the Import from Tektronix O scilloscope dialog box to

xxx

3. Click

Connect to connect to the selected instrument. The Status provides the current status during the

nect the connected instrument. Enabled only if

Discon highlighted instrument is connected.

select a ﬁle to import.

refresh operation: Searching Instruments or Ready.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 25

Operating Basic s Graph

Graph

Waveform > Show Graph or Graph Settings

The software allows you to select the types of graphs before creating them. The graphs are displayed in two modes: as a set in a small window (for preview), and as individual graphs in large independent windows. At any time, a maximum of three graphs can be displayed in the small view.

To specify the graphs to create, click Graphs in th e toolbar or Waveform > Graph from the menu. The Graph Setup dialog box opens.

Follow these steps to select the graphs to create:

1. Highlight a folder on the left. The graphs are grouped into the following folders: Frequency Domain, I vs. Q, Statistical, and Time Domain.

2. Highlight a graph from Available Graphs on the right. Click Add to add the graph to the Selected Graphs a rea or drag and drop the graph to the Selected Graphs area.

The following folders and graphs are available:

Frequency Domain: Spectrum

I Vs Q: Constellation

tical: CCDF and Eye Diagram

Statis

Time Domain: I & Q vs. time, and Pulse shape

Time vs Frequency: Spectrogram and Coherent Pulse Interval

The Spectrum (Frequency Domain), I & Q vs. time (Time Domain), and Spectrogram (Time vs Frequency) graphs are available for the Generic, UWB-WiMEdia, and Radar applications. However, the Coherent Pulse Interval is speciﬁc to the radar application.

26 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Graph

NOTE. Once three graphs are added to Selected Graphs, the software will not allow you to add any more graphs. You m ust remove a graph before you can add another graph.

To remove a graph, highlight a graph in Selected Graphs and click Remove.

3. Click OK to view the graphs. the graphs are displayed in the Graph Preview tab. If you have selected

fewer than three graphs, the other window (or windows) will be empty.

You can also create graphs from the W

1. Select a waveform from the Waveform List.

2. Right-click to view the shortcut menu.

3. Select S

independent window.

how Graph and select the type of graph to generate. The graph is displayed in a large

aveform List (see page 17) as follows:

Graph Preview

Graph Preview is a tab in a window that is shared with Instrument Control. Click the Graph Window tab to open it as a docked window.

When RFXpress ﬁrst launches, Graph Preview is closed by default.

Large Graph Windows

1. In the Graph Preview tab, c lick Maximize to view a graph in a larger w indow. The selected graph is

displayed in a larger window.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 27

Operating Basic s Compile Settings

NOTE. When no graphs are selected, Maximize is not available.

The Zoom In and Zoom Out buttons are available in the following graphs: Spectrum, and I(t) Q(t)

Cursors, Cursor Readouts and the difference (Delta) between the cursors are available for the following graphs: Spectrum, I(t) Q(t), and CCDF.

2. Click to close the graph and return to the small view.

Graphs from External Data

You can import data from a ﬁle (File > Import from File) and create graphs using the data. The imported ﬁle is displayed in the W

andclickSh

ow Graph.

aveform List (see page 17). Select the ﬁle from the Waveform List, right-click,

Compile Settings

Waveform > Compile Settings

To specify compilation settings for the currently active Waveform Setup, click Compile Settings. This dialog box is displayed.

28 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Compile Settings

RFXpre on the signal format selected.

For e

The Correction Files option is available only when the selected application is UWB-WiMedia and the Comp

ss supports generation of two signal types. The number of waveforms generated varies depending

and signals (IQ format): When the IQ signal format is selected, two baseband wa veforms I and

Baseb Q are generated. You must specify the names of each waveform.

nals (IF/RF format): When the RF signal format is selected, the baseband waveforms I and Q are

RF sig also generated. So after com piling, three different ﬁles are generated.

xample, if the waveform name is Test, the generated waveforms are: Test_I, Test_Q, and Test.

ile Button Prefs option is available only when the AWG software is detected.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 29

Operating Basic s Compile Settings

Table 11: Compile settings options and their description

Selection Description Range, Default

Waveform leng Samples)

th (Symbols,

Speciﬁes the t

ime domain length of

the resulting waveform. It can be

Determined by the maximum waveform memo

expressed in Samples or Symbols.

Automatic

Calculates the waveform length automatical

ly, based on the setup

Enabled

parameters and the AWG model. To enter the waveform length, disable this option.

Correction F

When compil to these channels: Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4

iles

ing apply correction ﬁles

Available a

nd enabled for each channel on the instrument. For two-channel instruments, only Ch1 and Ch2 are v

isible. When a channel

Disabled

is selected, the corrections are applied from the ﬁle during compilation. If no ﬁle exis

ts, you are prompted to either create a correction ﬁle in the Calibration window, or compile without applying

Signal Fo

rmat

IF/RF Sets the s

IQ Sets the s

Oversamp

Automatic

ling

Specify t

Calcula

correction ﬁles.

ignal format to IF/RF.

ignal format to IQ.

he oversampling value.

tes the oversampling

N/A

Automatic

Enabled automatically, based on the setup parameters and the AWG model. To

e oversampling value, disable

enter th this option.

RF Waveform Name Enter the name of the waveform to be

Waveform1 generated after compilation. Uses the name en

tered here for the generated

RF waveform.

I Waveform Name Enter the name of the I waveform

Waveform1_I to be generated after compilation.

he name entered here for the

Uses t generated I waveform.

Q Waveform Name Enter the name of the Q waveform

Waveform1_Q to be generated after compilation.

he name entered here for the

Uses t generated Q waveform.

Compile Button Prefs

Compiles and sends to Compiles the currently active

Ch1 waveform setup and sends it to the

iﬁed channel.

spec

value

ry of the instrument.

30 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Option Installation

Table 11: Compile settings options and their description (cont.)

Selection Description Range, Default value

Compile only Compiles the currently active

N/A

waveform setup.

Normalization

Mode

Select the normalization mode from

Auto

the following: Auto, Manual.

You can normalize a waveform such that all points on it lie between +1 and –1.

Division factor

Enabled when the Normalization

0.01 to 100, 1 Mode is Manual. Specify the division factortousetodividethewaveform values.

Adjust for Wrap-Around When selected, adjusts the waveform

Enabled for wrap around during oversampling. When cleared, the following message appears: The signal generated from the AWG might have wrap-around artifacts in continuous mode.

Overwrite waveform in list

When selected, overwrites any

Enabled existing waveform of the same name in the waveform list. When this option is disabled, you are prompted to enter a waveform ﬁle name.

xxx

If the Waveform Length is expressed in symbols, the number of samples is approximately given by the product of the number of symbols and the sampling rate divided by the symbol rate.

For IF/RF signals, the sampling rate is approximately the product of the maximum carrier frequency and the oversampling. For IQ signals, the sampling rate is approximately the product of the anchor carrier symbol rate and the oversampling. For UWB-WiMedia signals, sampling rate is approximately the product of the highest band group centre frequency and the oversampling.

Click C ompile to compile the waveform. A progress bar is displayed during com pilation. You can abort the compilation by clicking Cancel.

NOTE. When Adjust for Wrap-Around is enabled and the waveform length is set in samples, the symbol rate of the compiled waveform may be close to, and not exactly the same as, the value speciﬁed in the Setup tab. Similarly, when the waveform length is set in symbols, the carrier frequency of the compiled waveform may be close to, and not exactly the same as, the value speciﬁed in the Setup tab.

Option Installation

System > Option Installation...

You can use the RFXpress application to generate wav eforms but you cannot transfer the waveform unless you enable the function w ith a option (license) key.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 31

Operating Basics Option Installation

Click System > Option Installation.... This dialog box is displayed.

Table 12: Option installation information and their description

Selection

User Name Enter the user name.

Serial Number

Option Key String

Option Information The option information is displayed in the table.

xxx

Description

he serial number that is provided along with the

Enter t software.

he option key string that is provided along with the

Enter t software.

ClickCopyOptionInfotocopytheinformationinthetable to the clipboard. Click Apply to apply the entered values.

32 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Overview

Overview

Window > Overview

Click Window > Overview to open the overview window. A block view of the active waveform appears in a new window. This window is a ﬂoating window and can be moved around the screen. Each larger grouping in the diagram corresponds to a tab.

The On/Off button in the upper right corner of each block in a block corresponds to the Turn On check box in the appropriate group.

If the group does not ha ve a Turn On check box, then no On/Off button appears on the block.

If the check box is cleared, the button text is Off (red), and the block appears dimmed.

If the check box is selected, the button text is On (green) and the block a ppea rs active. The button on the block and the check box in the group box are linked; if you change one, the change is reﬂected in the other. The on/off values for each block correspond to the currently selected carrier or packet group.

For a Generic signal, you must select a carrier before you select the Overview option. The Overview window for a carrier has the following blocks:

Setup includes Base Data, Modulation, and Filter/Window

Hopping

Power Ramping

I/Q Impairments includes Carrier Leakage, Nonlinear Distortions, I/Q Swap, Quad Error, and I/Q Imbalance

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 33

Operating Basic s Overview

Distortion Addition includes Ampliﬁer Distortion

Multi-Path includes Deﬁne Path

Interference Addition includes Signal addition, O ffset, and Sinusoidal Interference

Hardware Skew

NOTE. When no carriers are selected in the Carrier table, selecting Overview will open the Overview Window with all the On/Off buttons set to Off (default). Clicking the On/Off buttons will not have any effect.

For a UWB signal, you must select a packet group before you select the Overview option. The Overview window has the following blocks:

Setup includes Packet Group, Packet Deﬁnitions, and Hopping

I/Q Imp Imbalance

Disto

Multi-Path includes Deﬁne Path

Interference Addition includes Signal Addition, Offset, Gated Noise, Sinusoidal Interference, and Real World Signal

Hardware Skew

Clicking a block (even if dimmed) brings the File window forward with the corresponding tab at front. Within the tab, the ﬁrst setting in the group box that corresponds to the block is highlighted.

34 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

airments includes Carrier Leakage, Nonlinear Distortions, I/Q Swap, Quad Error, and I/Q

rtion Addition includes Ampliﬁer Distortion

Operating Basics Calibration for Generic and Radar Signals

To turn on or turn off the calibration corrections, click Conﬁgure > Calibrat ion (see page 35).

For a Radar signal, you must select a pulse before you select the Overview option. The Overview window has the following blocks:

Pulse includes Envelope, Amplitude Deviation, Staggered PRI, Jitter, Modulation, Hopping, and Frequenc

I/Q Imp airm ents includes Carrier Leakage, Quad Error, I/Q Imbalance , and I/Q Swap

Interference Addition includes Noise and Signal Addition

Hardware Skew

yOffset

Calibration for Generic and Radar Signals

System > Calibration

To calib common across channels. Before you s tart calibration, compile your setup so that the sampling rate is automatically set in the Calibration dialog box. You will be prompted with a message to compile your setup before you proceed with calibration. If you choose not to compile the setup, you must enter the sampling rate manually.

The following dialog box is displa yed. The calibration settings are as follows:

rate the signal, click System > Calibration. A set of parameters called Calibration Settings are

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 35

Operating Basics Calibration for Generic and Radar Signals

Table 13: Instrument setup option and description

Selection

Instrument Setup

Signal Type Select the signal type for calibration: RF, IF

xxx

The tab

le displays a list of instrum ents on the network. The instrument model, status, connection type, and

Description

Default value

instrument name (alias) are shown but they are not editable. The following buttons are available:

Table 14: Instrument setup buttons and their description

Button Description

Connect Connects to the instrument selected in the table and updates the status to Connected in

ble.

the ta

Disconnect Disconnects the instrument selected in the table and updates the status in the table.

Test Connection Returns the current status of the instrument selected in the table and displays the status as

cted (in green) or Not Connected (in red).

Conne

xxx

The Calibration Settings are as follows. All the calibration settings that are set in RFXpress are updated on the connected instrument.

36 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Calibration for Generic and Radar Signals

Table 15: Calibration setup options and their description

Selection

Calibration S

Sampling rate

Interleave (

Zeroing Enabled only

Start Frequency Enter the start frequency of the signal. 10 MHz to Sampling Rate*0.49 Hz,

End Frequency

Average (it

Frequency Resolution

Calibrat

Calibrat page 152)

Select the correction ﬁle Browse and select the correction ﬁle.

When compiling, apply correction ﬁles to: Chx

xxx

etup

(samples/sec)

see page 148)

erations)

e the Signal

e the Signal Image (see

Description

Displays the s instrument. If you change the sampling rate, it is updated in the instrument.

Enabled if th or IF.

available on the instrument.

Enter the end frequency of the signal. 10 MHz to Sampling Rate*0.49 Hz,

Enter the nu sends and captures the signal through the u ser deﬁned conﬁguration to create an a

Enter the f signal. T his is used to pick the number of samples between start and end frequenc

Select th

Select th signal.

Only one correction ﬁle (rfc) is created; informa in it.

Applies channels when you click Compile. If the corrections ﬁle is not found, you are continue without applying calibration.

ampling rate of the

e signal type is either RF

when Interleave is

mber of times the software

verage.

requency resolution of the

ies.

is to correct the actual signal.

is to correct the image of the

tion on all the channels stored

corrections to the selected

warned. However, you can

Range, Default

N/A

10 MHz

Sampling Ra

1 to 100, 10

N/A

Disabled

N/A

value

te*0.49 Hz

You can plot the signal using the option in the Calibration dialog b ox. The amplitude and phase plot of the calibration ﬁle is plotted only for a valid rfc ﬁle.

Click Calibrate to create the correction ﬁles. The correction ﬁle that is created can be used to pre-distort the signal so that the ﬁnal signal that is generated is an ideal signal.

Click OK to set the correction ﬁle and parameters that will be used during compile. In C

ompile Settings

(see page 28) if the option "When compiling apply correction ﬁles to these channels" is selected, the

ection ﬁ le speciﬁed in the C alibration dialog box is used to apply corrections.

corr

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 37

Operating Basic s PRBS Editor

NOTE. Interleave and Zeroing are available only on the AWG7000/AWG7000B series of instruments with Option 06.

PRBS Editor

This dialog box is displayed upon clicking PRBS Editor when PRBS is set to User Deﬁned in the Base Data ﬁeld (Setup tab).

ata source can generate different pseudo-random binary sequences. You can select PRBS 7, PRBS 9,

This d PRBS 15, PRBS 16, PRBS 20, PRBS 21 and PRBS 23 in the ﬁeld to the right of the PRBS button.

PRBS s length of the generating shift register. F or instance, a shift register w ith 16 memory cells is required to generate a PRBS 16 sequence. The pseudo-random sequence of a PRBS generator is determined by th e number of registers and the feedback.

38 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

equences are generated by a feedback shift register. The number (#) following PRBS indicates the

Operating Basics Data Source Values

Table 16: PRBS editor options and their description

Selection

Use different

Initial PRBS polynomial expression Enter an expression in the format

PRBS polyno

Shift regi

xxx

Click App

PRBS at beginning of segment

mial expression

ster initial value D1– D31

ly to effect the changes. Click Reset to Default to restore the editor to the default values. Refer

Description

When selected polynomial expression. The polynomial that you deﬁne will be used at the beginning of every sequenc between 1 and 31.

Xn1+Xn2+1 to add to the initial part of the PRBS polynom Xn ranges between 1 and 31. Enabled when Use different PRBS at beginning of segment is disabled

Enter an exp Xn1+Xn2+1 to generate the pseudo-random sequence. The value of Xn ranges between 1 and 31.

Enter valu the sequence. The registers D1 through D31 can take the values 0 and 1.

, allows you to deﬁneaPRBS

e. The value of X ranges

ial expression. The value of

ression in the format

es in the shift registers to create

to the Appendix for more information on the the taps and the seed (starting values).

See also:

Default value

Disabled

X31+X30+1

D1– D31

RBS Editor Startin g Values ( s ee page 150)

Data Source Values

This dialog box is displayed when you set the Base Data selection to File and browse for the ﬁle. The ﬁle formats supported are .txt and .dat. Once you select a ﬁle, the data values are taken from that ﬁle.

The following conditions m ust be met for a valid ﬁle:

Any ASCII ﬁle, delimited or not, can be used as the data source.

The next bit will be gener ated by reading the ﬁle until a 0, 1, x, or X character is found. 0 and 1 will add the corresponding bit to the sequence; the x and X c haracter will a dd a new random bit.

Any other intermediate character will be ignored.

When the end of the ﬁle has been reached, the ﬁle is read again from the beginning b ased on the record length.

The data can be organized by columns or rows.

Any number of space, tab, or comma characters can be used as a delimiter.

Empty lines or invalid lines at the beginning and end of the ﬁle are ignored.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 39

Operating Basics Modulation File1(Samples)

Modulation F ile1(Samples)

This dialog box is displayed when File1(Samples) is selected in the Modulation ﬁeld (Setup tab).

Table 17: Modulation File1(Samples) options and their description

Selection

External

Internal

File

Data Org Specify the organization of data within the selected ﬁle: I/Q, Q/I, I

Format

xxx

Description

Select External to specify an external ﬁle taken from a speciﬁed path.

Select Internal to specify a ﬁle to be tak en from the Waveform List. Click the icon next to the File ﬁeld and a list of waveforms appears.

Select the modulation ﬁle to be used by entering the path or browsing to the ﬁle. The ﬁle formats supported are: .txt, .dat, and .bin.

Only, or Q Only. When Internal is selected, the available options are I Only and Q Only.

Specify the format of the selected ﬁle: ASCII, Binary(ﬂoat), or Binary(double). This option is not available when External is selected.

Default value

External

N/A

IOnly

ASCII

The Data Org ﬁeld is used to indicate the organization of data as follows within the selected ﬁle:

I/Q: The ﬁrst value of data (until a delimiter) read is considered as I and the next as Q. This will continue to the end of the ﬁ le.

Q/I : The ﬁrst value of data read (until a delimiter) is considered as Q and the next as I. This will continue to the end of the ﬁ le.

I Only: All the data read are considered as I, and Q is assigned to zero.

Q Only: All the data read are considered as Q, and I is assigned to zero.

NOTE. If you have deﬁned different ﬁles for the I and Q components, then you must deﬁne two c arriers in the list with the same basic parameters and select the corresponding component in the Data O rganization ﬁeld.

40 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Modulation File2(Symbols)

The Format ﬁeldisusedtospecifytheﬁle format. The following conditions must be met for a selected ﬁle format:

When the ﬁle format is ASCII, the data should be in ﬂoating point precision. Spaces and tabs are ignored. Any other characters are considered invalid. RFXpress stops reading data when it encounters invalid data.

When the ﬁle format is Binary(ﬂoat), the data should be in binary format with ﬂoating point precision.

When the ﬁle format is Binary(double), the data should be in binary format with double point precision.

When the end of the ﬁle has been reached, the ﬁle is read again from the beginning, based o n the Record Length.

NOTE. The external ﬁle should contain signals with average power of 1 Vrms. You should scale the data appropriat

ely to ensure that the ﬁle contains signals with an average power of 1 Vrms.

Modulation File2(Symbols)

This dialog box is displayed when File2(Symbols) is selected in the Modulation ﬁeld (Setup tab).

Table 18: Modulation File2(Symbols) options and their description

Selection

File

Data Org Specify the organization of data within the selected ﬁle: I/Q, Q/I,

Format

xxx

Description

Select the modulation ﬁle to be used by entering the path or browsing to the ﬁle. The ﬁle formats supported are: .txt, .dat, and .bin

I Only, or Q Only

Specify the format of the selected ﬁle: ASCII, Binary(ﬂoat), or Binary(double)

Default value

N/A

IOnly

ASCII

TheDataOrgﬁeld is used to indicate the organization of data as follows within the selected ﬁle:

I/Q: The ﬁrst value of data read (until a delimiter) is considered as I and the next as Q. This will continue to the end of the ﬁle.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 41

Operating Basic s Symbol Map

Q/I : The ﬁrst value of data read (until a delimiter) is considered as Q and the next as I. This will continue to the end of the ﬁ le.

I Only: All the data read are considered as I, and Q is assigned to zero.

Q Only: All the data read are considered as Q, and I is assigned to zero.

The Format ﬁeldisusedtospecifytheﬁle format. The following conditions must be met for a selected ﬁle format:

When the ﬁle format is ASCII, the data should be in ﬂoating point precision. Spaces and tabs a re ignored. A invalid data.

ny other characters are considered invalid. RFXpress stops reading data when it encounters

When the ﬁl

When the ﬁle format is Binary(double), the data should be in binary format with double point precision.

When the end of the ﬁle has been reached, the ﬁle is read again from the beginning, based on the Record Length.

NOTE. The appropriately to ensure that the ﬁle contains signals with an average power of 1 Vrms.

Symbol M

This dia

eformatisBinary(ﬂoat), the data should be in binary format with ﬂoating point precision.

external ﬁle should contain signals with average power of 1 Vrms. You should scale the data

log box is displayed when File3(Map) is selected in the M odulation ﬁeld (Setup tab).

42 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Symbol Map

Use the symbol map editor to create user deﬁne d modulation schemes. The Symbol Map created is stored in a bina

ry format. This is useful for unsupported modulation schemes and to introduce impairments

with the simulated waveform.

Table 19: Symbol map options and their description

Selection

Total symbols

Modulation mode

Rotation angle

Offset modulation Indicates whether to apply offset

Predeﬁned map Causes a dropdown list to appear with

Add/Edit Symbols

Description

Displays the total number of symbols entered.

Select the modulation mode: Normal, Diff (Continuous), Diff (Alternate). Sets the selected modulation mode.

Specify the rotation angle between I and Q.

modulation or not: Yes, No. Selecting Yes applies offset modulation.

the following selections: None, BPSK, QPSK, QAM16, QAM32, QAM64, QAM128, and QAM256.

Range, Default value

2 to 512, 4

Normal

–180° to +180°, 0°

QPSK

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 43

Operating Basic s Symbol Map

Table 19: Symbol map options and their description (cont.)

Selection

I component

Description

Specify the I component of the

Range, Default value

–100 to +100, 1

modulation.

Q component Specify the Q component of the

–100 to +100, 1

modulation.

Magnitude

Specify the magnitude of the

0 to 141.421, 1.414214

modulation.

Phase

Specify the phase of the modulation. –180° to +180°, 45°

Map - Settings apply to all symbols

Offset I Specify the offset for the I component.

Offset Q Specify the offset for the Q component.

Rotation I/Q phase Specify the phase rotation between I

–100 to +100, 0

–180° to +180°, 0°

and Q.

Scale I axis (%) Specify the scale factor for the I

0% to 500%, 100%

component.

Scale Q axis (%) Specify the scale factor for the Q

0% to 500%, 100%

component.

xxx

The Magnitude and Phase parameters depend on the value of the I and Q components. If you change the value of the I and Q components, the Magnitude and Phase values are recalculated and updated. Similarly, if you change the Magnitude and Phase values, the values of the I and Q components are recalculated and updated.

Clicking Apply Offset, Apply Rotation, and Apply Phase applies the values to the Map Settings parameters. The table is updated according to the newly applied values.

The following buttons work as listed:

Table 20: Symbol map buttons and their description

Selection

Circle... Deﬁnes a circular constellation with equal magnitude.

Add

Update

Delete

Default Settings Clears all the symbol map information and resets to default

Preview... Previews the table values as a plot.

Load

Save As Saves all the parameters in a user-speciﬁed ﬁle (.smp) and

xxx

Description

Opens a dialog box with the following parameters: Number of Symbols, Radius, Phase offset.

Adds I, Q, Magnitude, and Phase values to the table.

Updates the selected row from the table.

Deletes the selected row from the table.

values. This is equivalent to opening the Symbol Map dialog box.

Loads a previously saved symbol ﬁle (.smp) and displays the values in the ﬁelds.

location.

44 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Calibration for UWB-WiMedia Signal

Circle

Click Circle to deﬁne a constellation window that allows you to create equally spaced symbols in a circle of a speciﬁed radius. You can deﬁne an offset angle to rotate the constellation. The Circle dialog box has the following options:

Table 21: Circle options and their description

Selection

Number of symbols Enter the number of symbols to use

Radius

Phase offse

Reset Phase

0 degrees

Half the an signals

Reset

xxx

NOTE. Th

Offset

gle between consecutive

e ex t ernal ﬁle should contain signals with average power of 1 Vrms. You should scale the data

Description

while creati

Enter the rad

Enter the ph

Select this offset to zero.

Press Reset to set the phase to 0 degrees.

Select thi offset to half the angle between consecutive signals.

Press Rese half the angle between consecutive signals.

Resets the phase offset to 0 or 90 dependin offset.

ng the constellation.

ius of the circle.

ase offset.

option to set the phase

s option to set the phase

t to set the phase to

g on the selected phase

Range, Default

2 to 512, 4

–5.0 to +5.0, 1

–180° to +18

Selected

N/A

0°, 0°

appropriately to ensure that the ﬁle contains signals with an average power of 1 Vrms.

Calibration for UWB-WiMedia Signal

System > Calibration

To calibrate the signal, click System > Calibration. A set of parameters called Calibration Settings are common across channels. Channel-speciﬁc settings are provided in each channel tab. Before you start calibration, compile your setup so that the sampling rate is automatically set in the Calibration dialog box. You will be prompted with a message to compile your setup before you proceed with calibration. If you

e not to compile the setup, you must enter the sampling rate manually.

choos

This dialog box is displayed. The calibration settings are as follows:

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 45

Operating Basics Calibration for UWB-WiMedia Signal

Table 22: Instrument setup option and description

Selection

Instrument Setup

Signal Type Select the signal type for calibration: RF, IF

xxx

The table displays a list of instruments on the network. The instrument model, status, con

Description

Default value

nection type, and

instrument name (alias) are shown but they are not editable. The following buttons are available:

Table 23: Instrument setup buttons and their description

Button Description

Connect Connects to the instrument selected in the table and updates the status to Connected in

the table.

Disconnect Disconnects the instrument selected in the table and updates the status in the table.

Test Connection Returns the current status of the instrument selected in the table and displays the status as

Connected (in green) or Not Connected (in red).

46 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Calibration for UWB-WiMedia Signal

Table 23: Instrument setup buttons and their description (cont.)

xxx

The Calibrat

ion Settings and Channel-speciﬁc settings are as follow s. All the calibration settings that are

set in RFXpress are updated on the connected instrument.

Table 24: Calibration setup options and their description

Selection

Calibratio

n Setup

Sample rate

(samples/sec)

Description

Displays th

e sampling rate of the instrument. If you change the sampling rate, the same is updated in

ment.

the signal type is either RF

Interleav

e (see page 148)

the instru

Enabled if or IF.

Zeroing Enabled on

ly when Interleave is

available on the instrument.

Band Group Select the band group of the signal

from the following options: User deﬁned, B

andGroup1, BandGroup2, BandGroup3, BandGroup4, BandGroup5, and BandGroup6.

For direc

t RF generation, the available options are: User Deﬁned, BandGroup1 and BandGroup2.

Calibration Reminder Select a reminder to create calibration

iodically: Once a day, Once a

ﬁles per week, Once a month, and Never.

Average (iterations) Enter the number of times the software

sends and captures the signal through

rdeﬁned conﬁguration to

the use create an average.

Generator Center Freq (MHz) Enter the center frequency for the

generated signal. This should

e as Band Group Center

be sam Frequency when the signal type is RF.

Enabled only for signal type IF with

nge of 800 MHz to 10 GHz. Not

the ra available for signal types RF and IQ.

Bandgroup Center Freq (MHz) Enter the center frequency for the

user deﬁned band group. Enabled

hen BandGroup is set to

only w User Deﬁned for RF and IQ signals in the range of 500 KHz to 10 GHz and

F signals in the range of 1 GHz to

for I 20 GHz.

Range, Defa

N/A

BandGroup1

Never

1 to 100,

N/A

ult value

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 47

Operating Basic s Marker Mapping

Table 24: Calibration setup options and their description (cont.)

Selection

Sideband: Lower, Upper Set the sideband value to the lower

When compiling, apply corrections to these channels: Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4

Bands: Band1, Band2, Band3

Channel-speciﬁc parameters

Amplitude (Vpp) Displays the amplitude of the channel.

Offset (V) Displays the offset of the channel.

Use the same amplitude and offset for all channels

Select the Correction ﬁle Specify the correction ﬁle to create.

xxx

Description

or the upper limit. Enabled only for IF signals.

Applies corrections to the selected channels and bands (within the selected BandGroup) when you c lick Compile. If the corrections ﬁle is not found, you are warned. However, you can continue without applying calibration.

To change it, set a new value for the amplitude.

To change it, set a new value for the offset.

Uses the amplitude and offset set for a channel for all available channels.

The correction ﬁle that you specify will be used when you compile the signal.

Range, Default value

Lower

N/A

The Calibration dialog box has an option to plot each band id. The amplitude and phase plot of the calibration ﬁle is plotted only for a valid rfc ﬁle. You can plot any of the three bands by selecting the band.

Click Calibrate to create the correction ﬁles. The correction ﬁle that is created can be used to pre-distort the signal so that the ﬁnal signal that is generated is an ideal signal.

Click OK to set the correction ﬁle and parameters that will be used during compile. In C

(see page 28) if the option "When compiling apply correction ﬁles to these channels" is selected, the

correction ﬁle speciﬁed in the Calibration dialog box is used to apply corrections.

NOTE.

Interleave and Zeroing are available only on the AWG7000/AWG7000B series of instruments

with Option 06.

Marker Mapping

This dialog box is displayed when you click Marker Mapping... in the Setup tab (UWB-WiMedia) in both

tom and Conformance modes. The markers M1 and M2 are tightly coupled to the band ID. Marker

Cus mapping is used to provide hopping information to the external RF hopper. The marker information

ompile Settings

48 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Tone Nulling

will be transferred along with IF/RF, I, and Q data. You can use marker information from any channel where analog data is generated.

You can set the following options for markers M1 and M2. The marker pattern generated, based on the following

settings, can be used for triggering an external device.

Table 25: Marker mapping options and their description

Selection

Band 1 Enter M1 and M2 values. The values

Band 2 Enter M1 and M2 values. The values

Band 3 Enter M1 and M2 values. The values

Marker delay (ns) N/A

xxx

NOTE. The Marker Mapping dialog box shows a warning message when the AWG is set with 10-bit DAC resolution.

Tone Nulling

M1, M2 Description

Sets the marker pattern for Band 1

can be 0 or 1

Sets the marker pattern for Band 2

can be 0 or 1

Sets the marker pattern for Band 3

can be 0 or 1

Enter the marker delay in nanoseconds. It deﬁnes the delay in marker transition with respect to the symbols.

Default value

0, 1

1, 0

1, 1

Range: –312.5 to + 312.5 ns

Default: 0.0 ns

This dialog box is displayed when you click Tone N ulling... in the Setup tab (UWB-WiMedia) in both Custom and Conformance modes. For the selected Band Group, the tone nulling table shows the carrier number, the amplitudes, and the phases of Band 1, Band 2, and Band 3 in dB. The amplitude and phase ﬁelds are editable. Double-click the ﬁeld and enter a new amplitude for the selected carrier and band.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 49

Operating Basic s Hopping Pattern

The amplitude values are relative to the amplitudes speciﬁed for each band. The tone nulling value ranges between – thetoneis40dBlessthanthatspeciﬁed for the band to which it belongs. The phase value ranges from –180 degrees to +180 degrees.

Click Default to restore the band values to their default values.

Hoppin

This di Mode (UWB-WiMedia). The hopping pattern for the selected Band Group and TF Code is displayed. The X-axis (horizontal) shows Time and the Y-axis (vertical)shows the Center Frequencies for the selected Band Group. The hopping pattern is not editable.

40 dB and +20 dB. For example, if a carrier or tone value is set to –40 dB, the amplitude of

g Pattern

alog box is displayed when you set the TF Code and click Hopping... in the Setup tab in the Custom

50 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basic s Process Preferences

To customize a hopping pattern, set the TF Code to User Deﬁned. You can deﬁne a hopping pattern by clicking each band in a band group. After you have deﬁned the hopping pattern, assign a TFC number (between 1 to 15) to the pattern and click OK.

the black squares in each column. This sets the frequency at which a packet is transmitted for

Process Preferences

This dialog box is displayed when you click Process Preferences in the Setup tab (UWB-WiMedia) in the custom mode. The dialog box displays several parameters. In the custom mode, all these parameters can be set for each PPDU or packet listed in the PPDUs in Group table. The ﬁelds corresponding to the parameters are editable and take either Binary or Hexadecimal v alues . You can change these values and use y our values when the packet is processed. When the parameters are enabled, the software uses your

s while processing the packet. When the paramete rs are disabled, the software uses calculated values

value while processing the p acket.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 51

Operating Basic s Process Preferences

Table 26: Process preferences and their description

Selection

FCS If selected, processes the FCS value

HCS If selected, processes the HCS value

Reed-So

PHY header tail bits

Pad bits

FCS tail bits If selected, processes the FCS header

HCS tail bits If selected, processes the HCS tail

lomon

Description

set in the value for FCS value is used.

set in the ﬁeld. If cleared, the default value fo

If selec Reed-Solomon value set in the ﬁeld. If cleared, the default value for Reed-So

If sele tail bits value set in the ﬁeld. If cleared, the default value for PHY header tail bits is

If sele value set in the ﬁeld. If cleared, the default value for Pad bits is used.

tail b the default value for FCS header tail bits is used.

bits the default value for HCS header tail bits is used.

ﬁeld. If cleared, the default

r HCS value is used.

ted, processes the

lomon value is used.

cted, processes the PHY header

used.

cted, processes the Pad tail bits

its value set in the ﬁeld. If cleared,

value set in the ﬁeld. If cleared,

Default value

Enabled

52 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Custom Settings

Table 26: Process preferences and their description (cont.)

Selection

Reed-Solomon tail bits If selected, processes the

Reserved bits

xxx

When you click Process This Packet in the custom mode, the software processes the packet and displays the output in the ﬁelds.

Custom Settings

This dialog box is displayed when you click Rate (Selected PPDU Details) in the Setup tab (UWB-WiMedia) in the Custom mode. It displays the custom settings that directly affect the data rate of the selected PPDU.

Description

Reed-Solomon tail bits value set in the ﬁeld. If cleared, the default value for Reed-Solomon tail bits is used.

If selected, processes the Reserved bits value set in the ﬁeld. If cleared, the default value for Reserved bits value is used.

Default value

Enabled

ettings in the custom mode are as follows:

The s

Table 27: Custom settings and their description

Selection

Modulation

Description

Select the modulation to QPSK or DCM.

Default value

QPSK

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 53

Operating Basic s Frame Payload

Table 27: Custom settings and their description (cont.)

Selection

Convolution encoder Select the convolution encoder and

Interleaver

Conjugate symmetry Select or clear conjugate symmetry.

Time domain spreading

xxx

Description

set it to one of the following selections: 1/3, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4.

Select or clear interleaver.

Select or clear time domain spreading.

Default value

Enabled, 5/8

Enabled

Disabled

Enabled

The follow ing table lists the PSDU data rate-dependent modulation parameters.

Table 28: P

Data rate (Mb/s)

53.3

106.7

160

200

320

400

480

xxx

SDU data rate-dependent modulation parameters

Modulatio

QPSK 1/3

QPSK 1/2

QPSK 1/3

QPSK 1/2

QPSK 5/8

DCM 1/2

DCM 5/8

DCM 3/4

Coding rate Conjugate

symmetry

Yes Yes

No Yes

No No

TDS

NOTE. If you select one of the standard settings that results in a standard data rate, the MAC for the data rate takes the bits from the standard. If the setting results in a non-standard data rate, the bit setting will be " 11111".

Frame P

This d (UWB-WMedia) in the Custom mode.

ayload

ialog box is displayed when you click Frame Payload (Selected PPDU Details) in the Setup tab

54 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Compile Settings for the Radar Application

Table 29: Frame payload options

Selection

Source Select the source for the data to be transmitted from the

File

Packet Data Length Displays the packet data length. Used along with the

xxx

Description

following selections: WiMedia Spec Example, All 0, All 1, PRBS 7, PRBS 9, PRBS 15, PRBS 16, PRBS 20, PRBS 21, PRBS 23, and From File.

Select the ﬁle to be used by entering the path or browsing to the ﬁle. Uses the speciﬁed ﬁle (.txt or .dat) as the source of data to be transmitted.

payload data length and the number of packets to calculate the data to be sent in one packet.

The following conditions m ust be met for a valid ﬁle:

Any ASCII ﬁle, delimited or not, can be used as the data source.

The next bit will be gener ated by reading the ﬁle until a 0, 1, x, or X character is found. 0 and 1 will add the corresponding bit to the sequence while the x and X character will add a new random bit.

Any other intermediate character will be ignored.

When the

end of the ﬁle has be en reached, the ﬁle is read again from the beginning, based on the

Record Length.

The dat

a can be organized in columns or rows.

Any number of space, tab, comma characters can be used as a delimiter.

Empty lines or invalid lines at the beginning and end of the ﬁle are ignored.

Compile Settings for the Radar Application

Waveform > Compile Settings

To specify compilation settings for the currently active Waveform Setup, click Compile Settings. This dialog box is displayed.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 55

Operating Basics Compile Settings for the Radar Application

RFXpress supports generation of two signal types. The number of waveforms generated varies depending on the signal format selected.

Baseband signals (IQ format): When the IQ signal format is selected, two baseband waveforms I and Q are generated. You must specify the names of each waveform.

RF signals (IF/RF format): When the RF signal format is selected, the baseband waveforms I and Q are also generated. So after com piling, three different ﬁles are generated.

For example, if the waveform name is Test, the generated waveforms are: Test_1_I, Test_1_Q, and Test_1_RF, where the number indicates the oulse index.

The Correction Files option is available for all applications and the Compile Button Prefs option is available only when the AWG software is detected.

Table 30: Compile settings options for radar and their description

Selection Description Range, Default value

Signal Format

IF/RF Sets the signal format to IF/RF. N/A

IQ Sets the signal format to IQ. N/A

Sampling Rate Specify the sampling rate.

Automatic

Calculates the oversampling automatically, based on the setup parameters and the AWG model. To enter the oversampling value, disable this option.

Automatic

Enabled

56 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Operating Basics Compile Settings for the Radar Application

Table 30: Compile settings options for radar and their description (cont.)

Selection Description Range, Default value

Pulse Name

Enter the name of the pulse to be

Waveform1 generated after compilation. Uses the name entered here for the generated RF waveform.

Compile Button Prefs

Compiles and sends to Compiles the currently active

Ch1 waveform setup and sends it to the speciﬁed channel.

Compile only Compiles the currently active

N/A waveform setup.

Overwrite waveform in RFXpress list

When selected, overwrites any

Enabled existing waveform of the same name in the waveform list. When this option is disabled, you are prompted to enter a waveform ﬁle name.

I Invert

When selected, inverts the phase of

Disabled the I signal.

Q Invert When selected, inverts the phase of

Disabled the Q signal.

xxx

Click C ompile to compile the waveform. A progress bar is displayed during com pilation. You can abort the compilation by clicking Cancel.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 57

Operating Basics Compile Settings for the Radar Application

58 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a Generic S ignal Single Carrier

Single Carrier

In the Setup tab (Generic Signal) by default, Single Carrier is selected in the Carriers ﬁeld. A carrier is displayed in the carrier table and is selected. When Single Carrier is selected, you cannot add another carrier; you must switch to Multi Carrier to add another carrier.

IF/RF Signal

When the signal type is IF/RF, the table displays the follow ing: Carrier number, Frequency (MHz), Amplitude (d default).

Bm), Symbol rate (MHz), Modulation, Filter, Alpha/B*T parameter, and State (ON by

TheSingleC

arrier group options show Frequency in Hz and Amplitude in dBm in 50-ohm load.

Table 31: Single carrier group options for IF/RF signal

Selection

Signal type: IF/RF

Frequency (Hz) Enter the carrier frequency in Hz.

Amplitude (dBm) Enter the amplitude of output signal in dB.

xxx

Description

Range, Default value

Depends on the instrument bandwidth, 10M

–100.00 dBm to +30 dBm, 0

IQ Signal

When the signal type is IQ, the table displays the following: Carrier number, Offset (MHz), Amplitude (Vrms), Symbol rate (MHz), Modulation, Filter, Alpha/B*T parameter, and State (ON by default).

The Single Carrier group options show Baseband Offset in Hz and Amplitude in Vrms.

Table 32:

Selection

Signal type: IQ

Baseband Offset (MHz) Enter the carrier frequency offset in Hz.

Amplitude (Vrms) Enter the amplitude of output signal in Vrms.

xxx

Single carrier group options for IQ signal

Descript

ion

Range, Default value

Depends o

0to5Vrm

n the instrument bandwidth, 0

s, 1

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 59

Creating a Generic S ignal Multi Carriers

NOTE. None of the items in the shortcut menu are available in the single carrier table.

Multi Carriers

In the Setup tab (Generic Signal), select Multi Carrier in the Carriers ﬁeld. An anchor carrier is displayed in the table. To add a car rier, in the Add Carrier ﬁeld, type the number of carriers to add. The maximum number of carriers you can have in the table is 512. Each row in the table corresponds to one carrier. If you trytoenterm

A signal must be repeated to obtain a continuous output for AWGs. To avoid discontinuities at the transition all the “w rap-around” artifacts. For a modulated carrier, to have a signal free of wrap-around artifacts, a set of conditions must be met by the signal:

An integer number of carrier cycles must be available in the segment for any given carrier.

ore than 512 carriers, you will be reminded that the maximum number of carriers is 512.

between the end and the beginning of any pair of segments, the application takes care to avoid

An integer

In general, it is difﬁcult to meet these criteria for any given set of carriers if the record length in the target instrumen select one of the carriers as an anchor carrier to act as a reference. The application calculates the output clock (sampling rate) to preserve some of the frequency characteristics of the anchor carrier. If record length is expressed in samples, the carrier frequency will be preserved. If record length is expressed in symbols, the symbol rate will be the p reserved. The actual clock output will be also inﬂuenced by the maximum carrier frequency in the carrier table and the oversampling factor. The actual values for carrier

ncies and symbol rates will be shown in the carrier table after compilation.

freque

NOTE. For each carrier, you can deﬁne the parameters in each of the tabs: Setup, Hopping, P ower Ramping, I/Q Impairments, Distortion Addition, Multi-Path, and Interference Addition.

number of symbols must be available in the segment for any given carrier.

tisaﬁnite and integer number. This means that some rounding must be performed. You can

IF/RF Signal

When the signal type is IF/RF, the table displays the following: Carrier number, Frequency (MHz), Amplitude (dBm), Symbol rate (MHz), Modulation, Filter, Alpha/B*T parameter, and State (ON by default).

Select the B group options allow you add carriers based on:

ase Data (see page 63) and set the Amplitude in dBm in 50-ohm load. The Multi Carrier

Center frequency, where you must provide the Center frequency and Bandwidth.

Range, w here you must provide the Base Frequency and Carrier Spacing.

60 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a Generic S ignal Editing Carrier Details

Table 33: Multi carrier group options for IF/RF signal

Selection

Signal type: I

Center

Center Freque

Bandwidth (Hz) Enter the bandwidth of the carrier.

Range

Base frequen

Carrier spacing (Hz)

Phase shift Enter the phase shift between the

Random When selected, uses a random phase

xxx

F/RF

ncy (Hz)

cy (Hz)

Description

Enter the cent carrier.

Enter the bas carriers.

Enter the spa

carriers (degrees). Disabled when Random is se

shift value

er frequency of the

e frequency of the

cing between carriers.

lected.

Range, Default

1 Hz to the maximum supported by

the AWG, 50 M Hz

1Hztothemaxi

the AWG, 100 MHz

1 Hz to the maximum supported by

the AWG, 10 MH

1Hztothemax

the AWG, 10 M Hz

–180° to +180°, 0°

Disabled

value

mum supported by

imum supported by

IQ Signal

When the signal type is IQ, the table displays the following: Carrier number, Offset (MHz), Amplitude (Vrms), Symbol rate (MHz), Modulation, Filter, Alpha/B*T parameter, and State (ON by default).

Select the B

ase Data (see page 63) and set the Amplitude in Vrms. The Multi Carrier group options allow

you to enter the Initial Offset (Hz) and Carrier Spacing (Hz).

Table 34: Multi carrier group options for IQ signal

Selection

Signal type: IQ

Initial Offset (Hz) Enter the initial offset of the carriers.

Carrier Spacing (Hz) Enter the frequency spacing between

xxx

Editing Carrier Details

If you have more than one carrier and you select a carrier in the table, the Multi Carrier options change to Selected Carrier options. You can set the options for each selected carrier. To edit carrier parameters, highlight the carrier in the table, and then do one of the following:

Description

carrier

Range, Default value

Depends on the instrument bandwidth

1 Hz to the maximum supported by

the AWG, 10 M Hz

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 61

Creating a Generic Signal Editing Carrier Details

The values for all the settings are displayed in the corresponding ﬁelds for the selected carrier. As you change the values in the ﬁelds, the new values are committed immediately.

In the table, double-click the parameter that you want to change and directly enter new values. If you select File1 (samp les), File2 (Symbols) or File3 (Maps), the corresponding dialog boxes open for you to edit the value

s. Changing the State to ON or OFF includes or excludes the carrier during compilation.

The Add, Delete and Set Anchor buttons work as follows:

Table 35: Carrier editing options

Selection

Add

Delete

Set Anchor Sets the selected carrier as the anchor carrier.

xxx

Description

Adds one or more carriers to the table. All of the carrier parameters use default states.

Deletes the selected carrier from the table. Select multiple carriers using the Shift or Control keys and dragging the pointer. The carriers are renumbered when you delete a carrier from within the sequence.

By default, the ﬁrst carrier in the table is the anchor carrier.

State

Add is always enabled.

Delete is disabled when an empty row or no carrier is selected in the table.

Set anchor is disabled when an empty row or no carrier is selected in the table.

NOTE. When you add more than one carrier at a time, the Setup tab automatically shows options to allow adding multiple carriers.

If you change from Multi Carrier to Single Carrier, the following message appears: The curre nt anchor carrier will become the single carrier. Do y ou want to continue? You can click Continue and make the anchor carrier the only carrier in the single carrier mode. You can click C ance l to cancel the operation.

Edit operations are available in the shortcut menu (when you right-click on a selected carrier in the table). The available operations are: Cut, Copy, Paste, Delete, Delete All, and Set Anchor.

Table 36: Editing options in the shortcut menu

Selection

Cut Cuts the current selected row

Copy Copies the current selected row

Paste

Delete

Description

(carrier) and copies the contents to clipboard.

Pastes the contents from memory on to the selected row or carrier (replaces the selected row).

Deletes the selected row (carrier).

State

Enabled when a carrier is selected.

Enabled only after a cut or copy operation.

Enabled when a carrier is selected.

62 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a Generic Signal Selecting the Base Data

Table 36: Editing options in the shortcut menu (cont.)

Selection

Delete All

Set Anchor Sets the currently selected row’s

xxx

Description

Deletes all the rows (carriers) i n the table.

frequency as anchor frequency.

Selecting the Base Data

Follow these steps to select the base data for a signal:

1. Select the Setup tab.

2. Select a carrier from the table.

3. IntheBaseD

ﬁeld:

Table 37: Multi carrier options for IF/RF signal

Selection

Base data

All 0

All 1

PRBS Select the PRBS type from the following: 7, 9, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, and

Pattern

File

xxx

ata ﬁeld, select the data source. The following table lists the choices for the Base Data

Description

Select the data source from the following: All 0, All 1, PRBS, Pattern, File. PRBS

Sends a sequence of binary 0 symbols. An example is a data sequence with the length ten {d} = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}.

Sends a sequence of binary 1 symbols. An example is a data sequence with the length ten {d} = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}.

User Deﬁned.

To edit the bit sequence, select User Deﬁned in the PRBS dropdown menu. This causes the P

Enter a pattern of 0s and 1s up to a maximum of 80 digits in the text ﬁeld that appears.

Select the base data ﬁle to be used by entering the path or browsing to the ﬁle. T he supported formats are .txt and .dat.

State

Always enabled.

Enabled when a carrier is selected.

Default value

N/A

RBS Editor… (see page 38) button to appear.

N/A

NOTE. If you try to compile the signal without specifying a base data ﬁle, the following message appears: RFXpress cannot compile. You must select a ﬁle for base data ﬁrst or change the selection.

Modulation for Carriers

Follow these steps to select the modulation parameters for a signal:

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 63

Creating a Generic S ignal Filter for Carriers

1. Select the Setup tab.

2. Select a carrier from the table.

3. Set the following modulation parameters:

Table 3 8: Modulation options for carriers

Selection

Modulation

FSK Peak Deviation (Hz) Enter the FSK peak deviation value. Deﬁned

ASK Mod Index (%) Enter the ASK modulation index. Deﬁned

AM Mod Index (%) Enter the AM modulation index. Deﬁned only

Phase Deviation (degrees)

Frequency Deviation (Hz)

Coding Speciﬁes the coding parameter: None, Gray,

Symbol rate (Hz) Enter the symbol rate for modulation.

xxx

Description

Select a modulation type from the following: No Mod, QPSK, BPSK,

PI/4 QPSK, OQPSK, 8-PSK, O-8PSK, QAM-16, QAM-32, QAM-64, QAM-128, QAM-256, QAM-512, QAM-1024, GMSK, 2-FSK, 4-FSK, 8-FSK, 16-FSK, 32-FSK, ASK, AM, PM, FM, F

(see page 40), File2(Symbols) (see page 40),File3(Maps) (see page 42), and

SDPSK.

only when the modulation type is set to FSK.

only when modulation type is set to ASK.

when modulation type is set to AM.

Enter the phase deviation. Deﬁned only when modulation type is set to PM.

Enter the frequency deviation. De ﬁned only when modulation type is set to FM.

Differential, Gray differential, NADC, TFTS, and MSAT.

ile1(Samples)

Range, Default value

No Mod

Depends on the instrument bandwidth, 1000 KHz

0 to 200%, 1%

0 to 200%, 50%

0° to +180°, 10°

0 KHz to 10 GHz, 100 KHz

None

Depends on the instrument bandwidth

Default: 1 MHz

When the Modulation parameter is set to File1 (Samples), Base Data, Coding and Filter parameters are not available. The Symbol Rate parameter changes to Input File Sample Rate. When the Modulation parameter is set to File 2 (Symbols), Base Data and C oding parameters are unavailable. When Modulation is set to AM, FM, or PM, the Symbol Rate parameter changes to Modulating Frequency.

You can edit the Modulation parameters from the table by selecting the values in the dropdown list for the parameter. If you select File1 (samples), File2 (Symbols), or File3 (Maps), the corresponding dialog boxes open for you to edit the values.

Filter for Carriers

Follow these steps to select the ﬁlter and window parameters for a signal:

64 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a Generic Signal Filter for Carriers

1. Select the Setup tab.

2. Select a carrier from the table.

3. Set the following Filter/Window param eters. The Filter/Window parameters are not available when the

modulation type is Amplitude Modulation, Frequency Modulation or Phase Modulation.

Table 39: Filt

Selection

Filter

er options for carriers

Description

Select the ﬁlter from the following options: Rectangular, Raised Cosine, Root Raised Cosine, Gaus

sian (Dirac Delta), Gaussian (Rectangular, Triangular, Edge), User deﬁned, and No Filter.

Alpha/B*T Enabled for Raised Cosine, Root Raised

ssian, and Gaussian-2.

ponse. To keep the pulse shape

Convolution length (symbols)

Cosine, Gau

Enter the convolution length. Convolution length is used to calculate the FIR ﬁlters impulse res symmetric, the convolution length has to be given in odd number.

Window

Select the window type from the following

: N one, Rectangular, Triangular, Hamming, Hanning, Blackman, Kaiser, Blackman-Harris, Exact Blackman, Flat Top, Tapered C

osine, and Chebyshev Ripple.

Enabled for Raised Cosine, Root Raised Cosine, Gaussian, Gaussian-2, Triangular, and Edge.

Kaiser Pa

Chebyshe

rameter (dB)

v ripple

Enter the Kaiser parameter. Appears only when Wind

Enter the

ow is set to Kaiser.

Chebyshev Ripple. Appears only

when Window is set to Chebyshev.

xxx

Range, Default value

No Filter

Raised Cosine: 0.0 to 1, 0.35

Root Raised

Cosine: 0.0 to 1, 0.35

Gaussian Filter B*T: 0.1 to 3.0, 0.5

3 to 201, 21 (odd numbers only)

None

1 to 10, 2.2

10 dB to 80 dB, 40 dB

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 65

Creating a Generic Signal Hopping Parameters

The window parameter is available only for Chebyshev and Kaiser Windows.

4. When Filter is set to User Deﬁned, a dialog box appears where you can select a ﬁle. The supported ﬁle name extensions are .txt, .dat and .bin. The Format ﬁeldisusedtospecifytheﬁle format. Ensure that the following conditions are met for a selected ﬁle format:

When the ﬁle format is Binary(ﬂoat), the data should be in binary format with ﬂoating point precision.

When the ﬁle format is Binary(double), the data should be in binary format with double point precision.

Filters must be deﬁned with 50 samples per symbol time as the software will take care of resampling and interp

Filter coefﬁcients m ust be in columns.

You can edit the Filter parameters from the table by selecting the values in the dropdown list for the parameter.

s invalid data.

olate these values to the resolution required by any speciﬁc settings.

Hopping Parameters

Hopping allows you to add frequency and amplitude hopping for a selected carrier. You can add up to 100 hops f

Follow these steps to deﬁne carrier frequency/amplitude hopping:

1. Select a carrier and click Turn On.

2. Enter the start symbol, end symbol, relative amplitude in dB, and frequency offset in Hz for the selected

NOTE. The start symbol value has to be less than stop symbol value. If the s ymbol range is not completely speciﬁed, then such ranges are considered as dead band.

3. Click Add to add the values to the table. Clicking Add with no values entered adds a row with all

Power

carrier. The relative amplitude and frequency offset can be positve or negative values. Based on the start and stop symbol values, frequency deviation is applied to all the symbols within this range. Also the rel

values set to 0.

Ramping Parameters

or a carrier.

ative amplitude value is taken for this range and the amplitude is changed.

Power these steps to deﬁne power ramping for a signal:

66 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

ramping allows you to deﬁne the power ramping proﬁle for the signal to be transmitted. Follow

Creating a Generic Signal Carrier Leakage for Single Carrier

1. Select the Power Ramping tab.

2. Select a carrier from the table.

3. Select Turn On to include power ramping parameters. (Select Turn On again if you want to exclude

power ramp ing parameters for the carriers. By default, Turn On is set to off.)

4. Set the following power ramping parameters:

Table 40: Power ramping parameters for carriers

Selection Description Range, Default value

Ramp

Function

Time (secs) Enter the duration of ramp.

Position

Symbol Enter the location of the power

Level / dB Enter the level of the power ramping.

Periodically extended power ramping When selected, the time characteristic

xxx

Select the power ramping function from the following: None, Linear and Cosine.

ramping.

of the power ramping is continued periodically until the end of the signal.

None

1nsto1sec,0.1usec

0 to depends on the instrument model and option installed , 0

–60 dB to +20 dB, 0

Disabled

5. Click Add to add the power ramping parameters to the table and D elete to delete the power ramping

parameters from the table. The table contains the Symbol and Level/dB values that you entered.

Carrier Leakage for Single Carrier

Follow these steps to deﬁne carrier leakage for a signal:

1. Select the I/Q Impairments tab.

2. Select a carrier from the table.

3. Select Turn On to include carrier leakage (I and Q) impairments to the carrier. (Select Turn On again if

you want to exclude carrier leakage (I and Q) impairments. By default, Turn On is set to off.)

4. Set the carrier leakage for I and Q modulator signa l in percentage.

Table 41: Carrier leakage parameters for carriers

Selection

I (%) Enter the carrier leakage for the I

Q (%) Enter the carrier leakage for the Q

Description

signal.

Range, Default value

–50% to +50%, 0%

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 67

Creating a Generic Signal Quadrature Error for Carriers

Table 41: Carrier leakage parameters for carriers (cont.)

xxx

Quadrature Er

Quadrature E to deﬁne quadrature error for a signal:

1. Select the I/

2. Select a carrier from the table.

3. Select Turn On to include quadrature error for the ca rrier. (Select Turn On again if you want to exclude

quadrature error. By default, Turn On is set to off.)

4. Quadrature error is deﬁned in degrees. A positive value indicates that the phase angle is greater than 90 degrees. Set the following parameter:

Table 42: Quadrature error parameters for carriers

Selection

Degrees Enter the phase angle between the I

xxx

I/Q Imbal

ance for C arriers

ror for C a rriers

rror allows you to control the phase angle between the I and Q signals. Follow these steps

Q Impairments tab.

Description

and Q signals.

Range, Default value

–30° to +30°, 0°

I/Q Imbal

ance allows you to create gain imbalance between I and Q. Follow these steps to deﬁne I/Q

imbalance for a signal:

1. Select t

he I/Q Impairments tab.

2. Select a carrier from the table.

3. Select Turn On to include I/Q imbalance for the carrier. (Select Turn On again if you want to exclude

I/Q imbalance. By default, Turn On is set to off.)

4. I/Q imbalance is deﬁned in percentage. Set the following parameter:

Table 43: I/Q imbalance parameters for carriers

Selection

Percentage Enter the imbalance between the I

xxx

Description

and Q signals.

Range, Default value

–30% to +30%, 0%

68 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a Generic Signal Nonlinear Distortions for Carriers

Nonlinear Distortions for Carriers

Nonlinear Distortions allow you to simulate the nonlinearity of IQ modulators. Follow these steps to deﬁne nonlinear distortions for a signal:

1. Select the I/Q Impairments tab.

2. Select a carrier from the table.

3. Select Turn On to include nonlinear distortions for the carrier. (Select Turn On again if you want to

exclude nonlinear distortions. By default, Turn On is set to off.)

4. Set the following AM /AM and AM /PM parameters:

The variation of the signal amplitude with respect to the original amplitude is called AM/AM conversion.

Table 44: AM/AM parameters for carriers

Selection

k2 dB

k3 dB

xxx

Description

Enter the second order coefﬁcient for the magnitude.

Enter the third order coefﬁcient for the magnitude.

Range, Default value

–3 dB to +3 dB, 0 dB

The variation of the phase with respect to the original amplitude is called AM/PM conversion.

Table 45: AM/PM parameters for carriers

Selection

k2 degrees

k3 degrees

xxx

Description

Enter the second order coefﬁcient for the phase.

Enter the third order coefﬁcient for the phase. –30° to +30°, 0°

Range, Default value

–30° to +30°, 0°

See also:

onlinear Impairment s (see page 151)

Hardware Skew for Carr

Hardware skew is commo

iers

n for all carriers. The number of channels shown depends on the AWG model

being used. Follow these steps to de ﬁne hardware skew for a signal:

1. Select the I/Q Impair

ments tab.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 69

Creating a Generic S ignal I/Q Swap for Carriers

2. Select Turn On to include hardware skew for the carrier. (Select Turn On again if you want to exclude hardware skew. By default, Turn On is set to off.)

3. Set the following parameters:

Table 46: Hardware skew parameter for carriers

Selection

Channel N (ps) Enter a value for each channel.

xxx

Description

Adjusting the skew dynamically updates the dialog box display. The adjustment applies to analog output and marker output.

I/Q Swap for Carriers

1. Select the I/Q Impairments tab.

2. Enable I/Q Swap to interchange I and Q signal outputs.

Ampliﬁer Distortion for Carriers

Ampliﬁer Distortion simulates the nonlinearity in the ampliﬁer. You can set the ampliﬁer distortion to Non-Linear, Hardlimiting, or Softlimiting. Hardlimiting and softlimiting ampliﬁers affect only the amplitude of the output signal. The phase of the output signal is not affected.

Follow these steps to deﬁne ampliﬁer distortion for a s ignal:

Range, Default value

AWG7000/B: –100 ps to +100 ps, 0 ps

AWG5000/B: –5 ns to +5 ns, 0 ns

1. Select the Distortion Addition tab.

2. Select a carrier from the table.

3. Select Turn On to include ampli

ﬁer distortion for the carrier. (Select Turn On again if you want to

exclude ampliﬁer distortion. By default, Turn On is disabled.)

4. Set the following parameters

Table 47: Ampliﬁer distortion parameters for carriers

Selection

Ampliﬁer Select the ampliﬁer distortion from the followi

Operating point Enter the operating point of the nonlinear ampliﬁer.

Limiting Level

xxx

The following AM/AM parameters are available

Description

ng: Non-Linear,

Hardlimiting, and Softlimiting.

Enter the limiting level for the Hardlimiting and Softlimiting ampliﬁers.

for a nonlinear ampliﬁer:

Range, Default value

Non-Linear

0.01 to 1000, 0.01

0.1 to 1000, 0.1

70 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a Generic Signal Multipath Parameters for Carriers

Table 48: AM/AM paramete r s for ampliﬁer distortion

Selection

k3 (dB) Enter the thir

k5 (dB) Enter the ﬁfth

xxx

Description

d order coefﬁcient for the magnitude.

order coefﬁcient for the magnitude.

The following AM/PM parameters are available for a nonlinear ampliﬁer:

Table 49: AM/PM parameters for ampliﬁer distortion

Selection

k3 (degrees) Enter the third order coefﬁcient for the phase. –30° to +30°, 0°

k5 (degrees) Enter the ﬁfth order coefﬁcient for the phase. –30° to +30°, 0°

xxx

Description

See also:

mpliﬁer Distortion s (see page 151)

Multipath Parameters for Carriers

Follow these steps to set multipath parameters for a signal:

1. Select the Multi-Path tab.

Range, Default

value

–3 dB to +3 dB, 0 dB

Range, Default value

2. Select a carrier from the table.

3. Select Turn On to deﬁne the path for the carrier. (Select Turn On again if you want to exclude multipath

parameters. By default, Turn On is disabled.)

4. Set the following parameters:

Table 50: Multipath parameters for carriers

Selection

Delay (symbols) Enter the delay in symbols from the

Amplitude (dB) Enter the amplitude in dB from the

Phase (deg) Enter the phase in degrees from the

xxx

Description

reference path. The delay can be positive or negative. The delay values cannot be repeated.

reference path. The amplitude is always negative.

reference path. The phase can be positive or negative.

Range, Default value

–80 to +80 symbols, 0 symbols

–60 to 0 dB, 0 dB

–180 to +180 degrees, 0 degree

5. Click Add to add the parameters to the table. Select one or more rows and click Delete to delete

it from the table.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 71

Creating a Generic S ignal Signal Addition for Carriers

You c a n deﬁne a maximum of ten multipaths, including the reference path that has the delay, amplitude and phase values set to zero. You can neither delete the reference path with a d ela y of 0 symbols nor change the del

ay value. However, you can change the amplitude and phase values. No two paths can have the same delay value. The table rows are automatically sorted in the ascending order of the delay value. The table contains the Delay, Amplitude, and Phase that you entered.

Depending on the entered delay value, the application might have to recompute the convolution length. This happens if convolution length provided is not enough for the given multipaths. In this case, the following message appears: Convolution length will be adjusted to take care of multipaths. Do you want to adjust? You can choose to adjust or not adjust the convolution length.

Multi-path is created by applying the right algorithm to the baseband I and Q signals. The application generates a new complex isolated pulse by conv olving the direct isolated pulse and the channel impulse response (it is a complex impulse response at the baseband level). This implies that to have the right convolut

ion, the total length of the resulting process must be long enough to accommodate the new

isolated pulse.

Signal Addition for Carriers

Follow these steps to deﬁne signal interference for a signal:

1. Select t

he Interference Addition tab.

2. Select Turn On to include signal interference for the carrier. (Select Turn O n again if you want to exclude

signal interference. By default, Turn On is disabled.)

3. Set the following parameters:

Table 51: Signal addition parameters for carriers

Selection

Format

I/Q Speciﬁes the signal format of the ﬁle to be added. I/Q

IF/RF Speciﬁes the signal format of the ﬁle to be added. N/A

Add Interference via:

Software Speciﬁes that the interference addition will be through software. Software

Hardware

Waveform_I Click the icon next to the Waveform_I ﬁeld and a list of waveforms

Waveform_Q Click the icon next to the Waveform_Q ﬁeld and a list of waveforms

Waveform_RF Click the icon next to the Waveform_RF ﬁeld and a list of waveforms

xxx

Description

Speciﬁes that the interference addition will be through hardware. N/A

appears. Select the I waveform to use.

appears. Select the Q waveform to use.

appears. Select the RF waveform to use.

Default value

N/A

When the Signal format is IQ, two interference channels are required, which means that an AWG5000/AWG5000B series with four channels is required. If you do not have a 4-channel AWG, the message appears: AWG has only X channels, cannot send interference data to channel.

72 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a Generic Signal Offset for Carriers

When the Signal format is IF/RF, at least one channel should be available for interference, otherwise a message appears: AWG7101, AWG7102 interleave mode cannot be used.

4. If you set Add Interference via to Hardware, the interference shouldgotoCh2andyouneedtoconnect

Ch1 output to Ch2 external signal a ddition input.

NOTE. The AWG

7000/AWG7000B series does not support external signal addition via hardware.

Signal Addition via Software

The follow ing table shows the combinations of the signal you want to generate after compilation and the interference signal that you want to add.

Table 52: Valid combinations of Signal Addition via Software

Compilation format Add Signal format

IQ IQ

IF/RF IF/RF

IF/RF IQ Valid combination. I/Q interference signals

IQ IF/RF

xxx

Remarks

Valid combination.

will be added before modulation.

Not a valid combination.

Signal Addition via Hardware

The follow ing table shows the combinations of the signal you want to generate after compilation and the interference signal that you want to add.

Table 53: Valid combinations of Signal Addition via Hardware

Compilation format Add Signal format

IQ IQ

IF/RF IF/RF

IF/RF IQ

IQ IF/RF

xxx

Offset for Carriers

Follow these steps to add frequency offsets to a signal:

1. Select the Inter ference Addition tab.

2. Select a carrier from the table.

Remarks

Valid combination.

Not a valid combination.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 73

Creating a Generic Signal Sinusoidal for Carriers

3. Select Turn On to include frequency offsets for the carrier. (Select Turn On again if you want to exclude frequency offsets. By default, Turn On is set to off.)

4. Set the following parameter:

Table 54: Offset parameters for carriers

Selection

Frequency (Hz) Enter the frequency offset to add. AWG7000 options 02/06: –2.9 GHz

xxx

Sinusoidal for C arriers

Follow these steps to add sinusoidal interference to a signal:

1. Select the Interference Addition tab.

2. Select a carrier from th

3. Select Turn On to include sinusoidal interference for the carrier. (Select Turn On again if you want to

exclude s inusoidal interference. By default, Turn On is set to off.)

etable.

Description

Range, Default value

to +2.9 G Hz , 0

AWG7000 standard option: –1.75 GHz to +1.75 GHz, 0

AWG7000B options 02/06 : –6 to +6 GHz, 0

AWG7000B standard option : –3 to +3 Ghz, 0

AWG5000: –185 MHz to +185 MHz, 0

AWG5000B : –185 MHz to + 185 MHz, 0

4. Set the following parameters:

Table 55: Sinusoidal parameters for carriers

Selection

C/I (dB) Enter the carrier-to-interference ratio.

Offset from Carrier (Hz) Enter the offset from the carrier

Description

frequency.

Range, Default value

–40 dB to 40 dB, 20 dB

AWG7000 options 02/06: –2.9 GHz to +2.9 G Hz , 0

AWG7000 standard option: –1.75 GHz to +1.75 GHz, 0

AWG7000B options 02/06: –6 GHz to +6 GHz, 0

AWG7000B standard option: –3 GHz to +3 G Hz , 0

AWG5000: –185 MHz to +185 MHz, 0

AWG5000B: –185 MHz to +185 MHz, 0

74 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a Generic Signal Sinusoidal for Carriers

Table 55: Sinusoidal parameters for carriers (cont.)

xxx

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 75

Creating a Generic Signal Sinusoidal for Carriers

76 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal Conformance Mode

Conformance Mode

For a selected signal type (IF/RF or IQ), you can generate a signal in either of these modes:

Conformance Mode

Custom Mode

In the conformance mode, all packet group settings conform to those deﬁned in the standard. However, you can change some of the parameters for a packet group conforming to the standard.

1. In the Select Setup ﬁeld, select one of the following standard setups or select My Setup to create

your ow

W may have made are lost unless you save the setup. The follow ing message is displayed: All altered settings will be lost. Do you wish to continue?

n setup:

WiMedia Sp ec Example Packet

53.3, 80, and 106 Mbps Packets

480 Mbps Burst Mode Packets

hen you change the setup selection from one standard to another selection, any changes that you

However, when you change the setup selection from My Setup to another, changes to My Setup are saved.

2. In the Add Number of Packet Groups ﬁeld, type the number of packet groups to add. The maximum

number of packets is 100. Click Add to Table to add the packet group to the table. The newly added packet group can be renamed by clicking the ﬁeld and typing new text. Use the Up and Down arrow buttons to move the packet group up or down.

Select a packet group from the table and click Delete to delete it. The subsequent packet groups in the table are renumbered.

3. Click M

each packet group. Keeping M1 and M2 on indicate when symbols in each frequency hopping band are being output. If the signal format is RF/IF, M1 and M2 of the channel where the RF/IF signal is output will be used. If the signal format is IQ, M1 and M2 of the channel where the I signal is output will be used.

arker Mapping... (see page 48) to set the marker (M1 and M2) levels to On (1) or Off (0) for

Custom Mode

For a selected signal type (IF/RF or IQ), you can generate a signal in either of these modes:

Conformance Mode

Custom Mode

In the custom mode, you can deﬁne packet parameters for a packet group. Most packet group settings will be carried from the packet group param eters deﬁned in the conformance mode.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 77

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal Packet Group Details for Conformance Mode

1. In the Selec t Setup ﬁeld, select one of the following standard setups or select My Setup to create your own setup:

WiMedia Spec Example Packet

53.3, 80, a nd 106 Mbps Packets

480 Mbps Burst Mode Packets

When you change the setup selection from one standard to another selection, any changes that you may have made are lost unless you save the setup. The following message is displayed: All the altered settings will be lost. Do you wish to continue?

However, when you change the setup selection from My Setup to another, changes to My Setup are saved.

2. In the Add Number of Packet Groups ﬁeld, type the number of packet groups to add. The maximum number of packets is 100. Click Add to Table to add the packet group to the tab le. The newly added packet group can be renamed by clicking the ﬁeld and typing new text. The newly added packet group will have one packet (or PPDU).

Select a packet group from the table and click Delete to delete it. The subsequent packet groups in the table are renumbered. Use the Up and Down arrow buttons to move the packet group up or down.

For a selected packet group, the packets or PPDUs are displayed in a table.

3. In the Add Num be r of Packets ﬁeld, type the number of packets to add. The maximum number of packets in a packet group is 30. Click Add to Table to add the packets to the table. Use the Up and Down arrow buttons to move the PPDUs up or down.

For a selected packet, the P these values, process a selected packet, or set process preferences.

4. Click M each packet group. Keeping M1 and M2 on indicate when symbols in each frequency hopping band are b ei output will be used. If the signal format is IQ, M1 and M2 of the channel where the I signal is output will be used.

5. Click Restore All to Compliance to restore all the settings as set in the conformance mode.

6. Click

NOTE. When you switch to the Custom mode, settings from the Conformance mode are carried over. If you switch back to Conformance mode, the settings will be the same as when you left the Conformance mode. All the custom mode settings will be lost.

arker Mapping... (see page 48) to set the marker (M1 and M2) levels to On (1) or Off (0) for

ng output. If the signal format is RF/IF, M1 and M2 of the channel where the RF/IF signal is

rocess Preferences (see page 51) to set the processing preferences for the selected packet.

PDU details (see page 84) are displayed graphically. You can set or edit

Packet Group Details for Conformance Mode

The packet group details in the conformance mode are as follows:

78 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal Packet Group Details for Conformance Mode

Table 56: Packet Group Details for Conformance mode

Selection

Repeat this group (times) Enter the number of times the group

Group start delay (symbols)

Group end delay (symbols)

Number of packets in group Enter the number of packets in a

Spacing between packets

Payload data source

File

xxx

Description

is repeated.

Enter the delay in symbols at the start of a group.

Enter the delay in symbols at the end of a group.

group. The maximum number would be limited by the m emory size of AWG that is the number of samples. This will depend on the oversampling, signal format (RF or IQ) and the center frequency.

Enter the distance between the packets to the speciﬁed value in symbols, pMIFS, or pSIFS. The value deﬁnes the time between packets.

Enter the source for the packet group from the following selections: WiMedia Spec Example, All 0 (Zeros), All 1 (Ones), PRBS 7, PRBS 9, PRBS 15, PRBS 16, PRBS 20, PRBS 21, PRBS 23, and User Deﬁned.

Select the payload data ﬁle (.txt or .dat) to be used by entering the path or browsing to the ﬁle. Enabled when payload data source is set to User Deﬁned.

Range, Default value

1 to 100, 1

0 to 200, 32 symbols

0 to 200, 0 symbols

1 to 30, 1

The maximum number would be limited by the memory size of AWG (the number of samples). The number of samples will depend on the oversampling, signal format (RF or IQ) and the center frequency.

Standard Mode: 6 to 200, 6 symbols

Burst Mode: 6 symbols

If Payload length is zero, the Packet separation is ﬁxedto32symbols(1 pSIFS).

WiMedia Spec Example

N/A

Click Tone Nulling (see page 49) to set the amplitudes for the b ands in each packet group.

The following conditions m ust be met for a valid ﬁle:

Any ASCII ﬁle, delimited or not, can used as the data source.

The nex

t bit will be generated b y reading the ﬁle until a 0, 1, x, or X character is found. 0 and 1 will

add the corresponding bit to the sequence; the x and X c haracter will a dd a new random bit.

Any oth

er intermediate character will be ignored.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 79

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal Packet Details for Conformance Mode

When the end of the ﬁle is reached, the ﬁle is read again from the beginning, based on the Record Length.

The data can be organized in columns or rows.

Any number of space, tab, or comma characters can be used as a delimiter.

Empty lines or invalid lines at the beginning and end of the ﬁle are ignored.

NOTE. When a packet group is repeated many times, the end delay of one packet group and the start delay of the next packet group are added.

NOTE. If Payload length is zero, the Packet separation is ﬁxedto32symbols(1pSIFS).

Packet Details for Conformance Mode

The packet details in the conformance mode are as follows:

80 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal Packet Details for Conformance Mode

Table 57: Packet Details for Conformance mode

Selection

MAC header Select the MAC

Data (HEX) Enter the MAC Header data in

Packet mode

Data rate (

Preamble type

Packet size (bytes) Enter the size of the packet in bytes. Standard Mode: 0 to 4095

xxx

Mbps)

Description

header type from the following: WiMedia Spec Example, All Zeros, All Ones, PRBS 7, PRBS 9, PRBS 15, PRBS 1 21, PRBS 23, User Deﬁned Data (in Hex), and User Deﬁned File.

hexadecimal. Enabled when MAC Header is se (in Hex).

Select the transmission mode for the packet from the following: Standard, Burst.

Select the from the following: 53.3, 80, 106.7, 160, 200, 320, 400, and 480 Mbps.

Select the preamble type from the follow Standard preamble has 24 symbols and a Burst preamble has 12 symbols.

ing: Standard, Burst. A

6, PRBS 20, PRBS

ttoUserDeﬁned Data

data rate for the packet

Default value

The maximum le header is 10 bytes. If you enter values less than 10 bytes, the rest will be padded with ze

A user speciﬁed ﬁle has the path C:\Program Files\Tektronix\RFXpress\Syste default.

Maximum leng

The default value depends on the selected setup.

The defaul selected setup.

When the Packet mode is set to Standard, the preamble type is always Standard.

When the Packet mode is set to Burst and the data rate ≤200 Mbps, the preamble

When the Packet mode is set to Burst and the data rate > 200 Mbps, preamble Burst.

Burst Mode: 1 to 4095

The defau selected setup.

ngth of the MAC

ros.

m\Samples\Mac.txtby

th is 10 bytes.

t value depends on the

type is always Standard.

type can be Standard or

lt values depend on the

NOTE. If

Payload length is zero, the Packet separation is ﬁxedto32symbols(1pSIFS).

Auserdeﬁne d ﬁle must meet the following conditions:

Input ﬁles are ASCII ﬁles with .txt extension.

The data should contain hexadecimal values and arranged in a single row (with no spaces or tabs). Any other characters are invalid (including tab and space). The application stops reading data when it encounters invalid data.

The maximum length of the ﬁle is 600 hex c haracters.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 81

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal Hopping Details for Conformance Mode

Hopping Details for Conformance M ode

The hopping details in the conf ormance mode are as follows:

Table 58: Hopping Details for Conformance mode

Selection

Band group

TF code

Band group center frequency (MHz) Displays the center frequency for

xxx

Description

Select a band group from the following: BandGroup 1, BandG roup 2, BandGroup 3, BandGroup 4, BandGroup 5, and BandGroup 6. Sets the band group to use for transmission for the select packet or PPDU.

Select the TF code from the following: TFC 1, TFC 2, TFC 3, TFC 4, TFC 5, TFC 6, TFC 7, TFC 8, TFC 9, and TFC 10. Sets the time frequency code to use to deﬁne the hopping sequence of the packet group.

the selected band group. You can change the center frequency to your requirement.

Range, Default value

1 to 6. The default values depend on the quick setup selected. For a newly added packet group, the default value is 1.

1 to 10. The default values depend on the quick setup selected. For a newly added packet group, the default value is 1.

The center frequency is restricted by the sampling rate set for the instrument and oversampling.

For a selected combination of Band Group and TF Code, the software displays the channel number. For example, for Band Group 4 and TFC 8, the channel number is 96. The hopping pattern is dynamically shown in the Time Vs Centre frequency table. The hopping pattern is as shown:

82 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal Packet Group Details for Custom Mode

Packet Group Details for Custom Mode

The packet group settings in the custom mode are as follows:

Table 59: Packet Group Details for Custom Mode

Selection

Repeat this group (times) Enter the number of times the group

Group sta

Group end

Number of

Spacing between packets (symbols)

rt delay (symbols)

delay (symbols)

packets in group

Description

is repeat

Enter the delay in symbols at the start of a group

Enter the delay in symbols at the end of a group

Enter the group.

Enter the distance between the packets to the speciﬁed value in symbols the time between packets.

ed.

number of packets in a

, pMIFS, or pSIFS. Indicates

Range, Default value

1 to 100

0 to 200 symbols, 32

0 to 200 symbols, 0

1 to 100

The maxim the memory size of AWG (the number of samples). The number of samples depends o format (RF or IQ) and the center frequency.

Standard Mode: 6 to 200, 6 symbols.

Burst Mo

um number is limited by

n the oversampling, signal

de: 6 symbols.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 83

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal Setting PPDU Details

Table 59: Packet Group Details for Custom Mode (cont.)

Selection

Band group

TF code

No hopping

Band group center frequency (MHz) Displays the center frequency for

xxx

Description

Select a band group from the following: BandGroup 1, BandG roup 2, BandGroup 3, BandGroup 4, BandGroup 5, and BandGroup 6. Sets the band group to use to transmit the selected packet or PPDU.

Select the TF code from the following: User deﬁned, TFC 1, TFC 2, TFC 3, TFC 4, TFC 5, TFC 6, TFC 7, TFC 8, TFC 9, and TFC 10. Sets the time frequency code to use to deﬁne the hopping sequence of the packet group. For Band G roup 5, the selections are TFC 5, TFC 6, TFC 8, and User Deﬁned.

Select this option to generate s ignals for the selected TF code without hopping. However, markers still continue to hop based on the TFC pattern.

the selected band group. You can change the center frequency to your requirement. The changed frequency is updated in the Hopping Pattern dialog box.

Range, Default value

N/A

When User deﬁned TFC is selected, you can set your own hopping pattern along with TFC number ranging between 0 to 15. For standard TFCs, TFC 1 to TFC 10, the hopping sequence cannot be changed.

Disabled

N/A

NOTE. When a packet group is repeated many times, the end delay of one packet group and the start delay of the next packet group are added.

NOTE. If you change the TF Code, the change is not reﬂected in the Packet Sync Sequence (Base Time Domain Sequence and the Cover Sequence).

When the TF Code is set to User Deﬁned, the Hopping Pattern (see page 50) dialog box is displayed. You can d e ﬁne the hopping pattern by clicking on the frequency bands. Assign a TFC number for the pattern and click OK to save the hopping pattern.

Setting PPDU Details

The packet parameters for a selected packet are displayed graphically.

84 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal PLCP Preamble

For a packet, you can set the PLCP Preamble (see page 85), PLCP Header (see page 86) and PSDU (see

page 87) parameters . Many parameters have either a dropdown list to select values from, or a text box to

enter valu

es (in hexadecimal or binary). Other parameters open the next le vel of choices or a dialog box.

Click P select a p

rocess Preferences (see page 51) to set your preferences for the selected parameters. When you

articular parameter in the process preferences, your input for that parameter is used (instead of

the computed values).

When you c

lear a particular parameter i n the process preferences, your input for that parameter is ignored.

The software will use the computed values.

You c an i

nclude the PLCP Header and PSDU while processing the packet. By default they are enabled. To exclude the PLCP Header, disable it. The resulting packet after processing w ill not include PLCP Header information. Similarly, to exclude the PSDU, disable it. The resulting packet after processing will not include PSDU Header information. Both you disable both, then resulting packet will not include PLCP Header and PSDU Header information.

When you c lick Process This Packet, the PPDU frame is formed according to your preferences. After processing, the packet value is displayed at the lower end of the box.

PLCP Preamble

You can view the PLCP Preamble parameters by clicking the + sign in the PLCP box. The following options can be set the PLCP Preamble parameters:

Table 60: PLCP Preamble options for Custom Mode

Selection

Packet Sync Sequence (see page 87) Opens a dialog box with two tabs: Base Time Domain

Channel Estimation Sequence Displays the default channel estimation sequence value.

xxx

Displays

Sequence and Cover Sequence.

Enter a value between 1 and 1000.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 85

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal PLCP Header

PLCP Header

You can choose whether to include the PLCP Header in the packet. Select the check box to include the PLCP Header in the packet. Clear the check box to exclude the PLCP Header in the packet.

The following options are available to set the PLCP Header parameters:

Table 61: PLCP Header options for Custom Mode

Selection

PHY Header (see page 90) Displays a set of parameters. N/A

Tail Bits

MAC Header (see page 91) Opens a dialog box where you can set

HCS Displays the current HCS value.

Tail Bits

Reed-Solomon Parity Bits Displays the current value of

Tail Bits

xxx

Displays

Displays the current value of the tail bits. U se the text box to set another value.

there MAC Header from the following: WiMedia Spec Example, All Zeros, All Ones, PRBS 7, PRBS 9, PRBS 15, PRBS 16, PRBS 20, PRBS 21, PRBS 23, User Deﬁned Data (in Hex), and User Deﬁned File.

HCS is either a calculated value or is determined by the inputs. Use the text box to set another value.

Displays the current value of the tail bits. U se the text box to set another value.

the Reed-Solomon Parity bits. Reed-Solomon Parity is either a calculated value or is determined by the inputs. Use the text box to set another value.

Displays the current value of the tail bits. U se the text box to set another value.

Default value

000000 bits

The maximum length of the MAC header is 10 bytes. If you enter values less than 10 bytes, the rest will be padded with zeros.

The Mac header can be set for individual packets by giving separate ﬁles.

HCS depends on Non-Scrambled MAC Header and PHY Header.

000000 bits

Reed-Solomon Parity bits depends on Scrambled MAC Header+ HCS + PHY Header.

0000 bits

You can set the following parameters in Process Preferences (see page 51) to take your input: Tail Bits, HCS Tail Bits, Reed Solomon Parity Bits, and Tail Bits.

Auserdeﬁned ﬁle MAC header must meet the following conditions:

Input ﬁles are ASCII ﬁles with .txt extension.

86 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal PSDU

The data should be hexadecimal values and arranged in a single row (with no spaces or tabs). Any other characters are invalid (including tab and space). The application stops reading data when it encounters in

valid data.

The maximum length of the ﬁle is 600 hex c haracters.

PSDU

You can choose whether to include the PSDU in the packet. Select the check box to include the PLCP Header in the packet. Clear the check box to exclude the PSDU in the packet.

The following options are available to set the PSDU. PSDU is enabled only if the Length ﬁeld in PHY header is not zero.

Table 62: PSDU options for Custom Mode

Selection

Frame Payload

File

FCS Displays the current value of the FCS. Use the text box to

Tail Bit s

Pad Bits

xxx

Displays

Displays the current value of the frame payload (data source). Click within the box to open a dialog box where you can choose the payload data source from the following: WiMedia Spec Example, All Zeros, All Ones, PRBS 7, PRBS 9, PRBS 15, PRBS 16, PRBS 20, PRBS 21, PRBS 23, and User Deﬁned.

Select the payload data ﬁle(.txtor.dat)tobeusedby entering the path or browsing to the ﬁle. Enabled when payload data source is set to User Deﬁned.

set another value. FCS is either a c alculated value or is determined by the inputs. FCS is calculated on the Payload data.

Displays the current value of the tail bits. Use the text box to set another value.

Displays the current value of the pad bits. Use the text box to set another value.

You can set the following parameters in Process Preferences (see page 51) to take your input: FCS, Tail Bits, and Pad Bits.

The length of payload for each packet is taken from the Length ﬁeldinthePHYheader.

Packet Sync Sequence

The Packet Sync Sequence dialog box has two tabs: Base Time Domain Sequence and Cover Sequence. The Packet Sync File consists of the Base time domain sequence. It will consist of 128 values, which will be used as the preamble.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 87

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal Packet Sync Sequence

The parameters that can be set are as follows:

88 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal Packet Sync Sequence

Table 63: Packet Sync Sequence parameters for Custom Mode

Selection

Base Time Doma

TF Code Select the TF C

Cover Sequence

TF Code Select the TF Code from the following

Preamble t

Total synchronization sequence length

xxx

in Sequence

ype

Displays

ode from the following selections: User deﬁned, TFC 1 (Normal), TFC 2 (Normal), TFC 3 (Normal), TFC 4 (Normal TFC 6 (Normal), TFC 7 (Normal), TFC 8 (Normal), TFC 9 (Normal), TFC 10 (Norma TFC 2 (Alternate), TFC 3 ( Alternate), TFC 4 (Alternate), TFC 5 ( Alternate), TFC 6 (Alter

If you set the TF code to User Deﬁned, browse and select the ﬁle from which to take values.

selection TFC 4, TFC 5, TFC 6, TFC 7, TFC 8, TFC 9, and TFC 10.

When you se can set the total synchronization length.

Select the preamble type: Standard or Burst. Depending on the preamble type, the index will change to

Displays sequence length. For Standard Preamble, the synchronization length is 24 and for Burst Preambl you set the TF Code to User Deﬁned, you can set the synchronization value between 1 and

24.

), TFC 5 (Normal),

l), TFC 1 ( Alternate),

nate), and TFC 7 (Alternate).

s: User deﬁned, TFC 1, TFC 2, TFC 3,

t the TF code to User Deﬁned, you

24 or 12.

the value of the synchronization

e the synchronization length is 12. If

Default value

TFC 1 (Normal)

TFC 1

Standard

1 to 24, 1

The Alternate TFC information is available in Appendix D of the latest release of MultiBand OFDM Physical Layer Speciﬁcation.

NOTE. The number of symbols in the time domain synchronization sequence is equal to the length of the cover sequence.

The Time Domain Sequence table displays the Index and standard SBase values for the selected T F Code. You can double-click on the SBase value in any row and edit it. When the TF Code is set to User Deﬁned, you must specify a ﬁle from which to take data.

The following conditions m ust be met for a valid ﬁle:

The ﬁle name extensions are .txt a nd .dat. The ﬁle consists of the Base Time Domain sequence o f 128 values which are used as the preamble.

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 89

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal PHY Header

Time domain sequence val ues must be stored in columns. The ﬁle with the Base Time Domain sequence should contain 128 data values. If the ﬁle contains more than 128 values, the other values will be ignored. If

it contains less than 128 values, zeros will be added to make up the 128 values.

Thedatashouldbeinﬂoating point precision. Spaces and tabs are ignored. Any other characters, including bla

nk lines, are considered invalid. RFXpress stops reading data when it encounters invalid

data.

The Cover Seq can double-click the SCover value in any row and edit it. The total sequence synchronization length is displayed. When the values are taken from an ASCII ﬁle, if ﬁle contains more than 128 va lues, the rest are ignored.

Click Reset to Default to restore the SCover and SBase values to their default values.

PHY Header

The PHY Header parameters that can be set are as follows:

Table 64: PHY Header parameters for Custom Mode

Selection

Rsvd Displays the current value in the text box. Use this box to

ate (see page 53) Displays the data rate of the PHY header. Click Rate to

Length

Rsvd Displays the current value in the text box. Use this box to

Scrambler INIT Displays the initial value for scrambling. To change this,

Rsvd Displays the current value in the text box. Use this box to

Burst Mode

Preamble Type

TX TFC Displays the TX TFC number.

Band Group Displays the Band Group.

Rsvd Displays the current value in the text box. Use this box to

xxx

uence table displa ys the Index and standard SCover values for the selected TF Code. You

Displays

set another value.

display a dialog box to set the Modulation to DCM or QPSK, Convolution Encoder to 1/3, 1/2, 5/8, or 3/4, Interleaver, Conjugate Symmetry, and Time Spreading.

Displays the length of the PHY header in bytes between 0 to 4095. Use this ﬁeld to set another length.

set another value.

select from Seed 00, Seed 01, Seed 10, and Seed 11.

set another value.

Displays the Burst Mode for the next packet. In each packet, the next packet can be conﬁgured to: Standard and Burst. The ﬁrst packet is always Standard.

Displays the Preamble Type. To change this, select from Standard and Burst.

set another value.

90 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal MAC Header

You can set the Rsvd bits in Process Preferences (see page 51) to take your input.

MAC Header

This dialog box is displayed when you click MAC Header (Selected PPDU Details) in the Setup tab (UWB-WiMedia) in the Custom mode. The MAC Header parameters that can be set are as follows:

Table 65: MAC Header parameters for Custom Mode

Selection

MAC Header Displays the default MAC Header. To

Field

xxx

Displays

change this, select from the following: WiMedia Spec Example, All Zeros, All Ones,PRBS7,PRBS9,PRBS15, PRBS 16, PRBS 20, PRBS 21, PRBS 23, and User Deﬁned Data (in Hex).

Enter the MAC Header data in hexadecimal. Enabled when MAC Header is set to User Deﬁned Data (in Hex).

Carrier Leakage for UWB-WiMedia

Follow these steps to deﬁne carrier leakage for a signal:

1. Select the I/Q Impairments tab.

2. Select Turn On to include carrier leakage (I and Q) impairments to a packet group. (Select Turn On

again if you want to exclude carrier leakage (I and Q) impairments. By default, Turn On is disabled.)

3. Set the carrier leakage for I and Q modulator signa l in percentage.

Default value

The maximum length of the MAC header is 10 bytes. If you enter values less than 10 bytes, the rest will be padded with zeros.

D3C2368C8F360DBBEDBA

RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 91

Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal Quadrature Error for UWB-WiMedia

Table 66: Carrier leakage parameters for UWB-WiMedia

Selection

I(%) Enterthecarr

Q (%) Enter the carrier leakage for the Q

xxx

Quadrature E

Quadrature E to deﬁne quadrature error for a signal:

1. Select the I

2. Select Turn On to include quadrature error for a packet group. (Select Turn On again if you want to

exclude qua

3. Quadrature error is deﬁned in degrees. A positive value indicates that the phase angle is greater than 90 degrees. S

Table 67: Quadrature error parameters for UWB-WiMedia

Description

signal.

ier leakage for the I

Range, Default

–50% to +50%, 0

–50% to +50%, 0%

value

rror for UWB-WiMedia

rror allows you to control the phase angle between the I and Q signals. Follow these steps

/Q Impairments tab.

drature error. By default, Turn On is disabled.)

et the following parameter:

Selection

Degrees Enter the phase angle between the I

xxx

Description

and Q signals.

I/Q Imbalance for UWB-WiMedia

I/Q Imbalance allows you to create gain imbalance between I imbalance for a signal:

1. Select the I/Q Impairments tab.

2. Select Turn On to include I/Q imbalance for a packet group. (Select Turn On again if you want to

exclude I/Q imbalance. By default, Turn On is disabled.)

3. I/Q imbalance is deﬁned in percentage. Set the following parameter:

Table 68: I/Q imbalance parameters for UWB-WiMedia

Selection

Percentage Enter the imbalance between the I

xxx

Description

and Q signals.

Range, Default value

–30° to +30° , 0°

and Q. Follow these steps to deﬁne I/Q

Range, Default value

–30% to +30%, 0%

92 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual

Tektronix RFX100 Printed Help Document

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual