Tektronix RFX100 User manual

xx
RFXpress® RFX100 Advanced RF/IF/IQ Waveform Creation and Editing Software for the AWG70000, AWG7000, and AWG5000 Series Signal
ZZZ
Generators
PrintedHelpDocument
*P077004514*
RFXpress® RFX100 Advanced RF/IF/IQ Waveform Creation and Editing Software for the AWG70000, AWG7000, and AWG5000 Series Signal Generators
ZZZ
PrintedHelpDocument
www.tektronix.com
Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions.
Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Specications and price change privileges reserved.
TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.
Tektronix is pleased to acknowledge Mr. Joan Mercade as the author of portions of this Tektronix RFXpress Software providing baseband and modulation functionality.
SourceGrid LICENSE, Copyright (c ) 2006 www.devage.com, David Icardi.
®
MATLAB
RFXpress
. Copyright 1984 - 2008 The MathWorks, Inc.
®
RFX100 Help Version 5.1.
Contacting Tektronix
Tektronix, Inc. 14150 S P. O . B ox 5 0 0 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA
WKarlBraunDrive
For product information, sales, service, and technical support:
rth America, call 1-800-833-9200.
In No Worldwide, visit www.tektronix.com to nd contacts in your area.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Welcome............................................................................................................. 1
Related Documentation ............... ................................ .................................. ........... 2
Conventions ........ .................................. ................................ ............................... 2
Feedback................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 3
Getting Started
Minimum PC Requirements....................................................................................... 5
Installation........................................................................................................... 5
AWG70000A Series conguration utility. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . 5
Connection Setups (AWG70000A)
Setup for IF/RF Signal Generation (AWG70000A)........................................................ 6
Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation (AWG70000A)............... .................................. ... 7
Connection Setups (AWG5000 and AWG7000)
Setup for RF Signal Generation (AWG5000 and AWG7000) ............................................ 9
Setup for IF Signal Generation (AWG5000 and AWG7000) .... ................................ ........ 10
Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation (AWG5000 and AWG7000) .................................... 11
Table of Contents
Operating Basics
About Basic Operations........................................................................................... 13
Overview of the Software ........................................................................................ 14
Starting the Software.................. .................................. ................................ .......... 15
Using the Software to Create a Signal........................................................................... 16
Exiting the Software. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. 17
File Name Extensions and Directories .......................................................................... 17
Applications, Setup Files, and Data Files ............................... .................................. ...... 18
Menus and Toolbars
Menu Bar ...................................................................................................... 19
Standard Toolbar.............................................................................................. 22
Status Bar ...................................................................................................... 23
Waveform List ...................... .................................. ................................ ........ 23
Toolbar Options
Select Application ............................................................................................ 26
Signal Type ............ ................................ .................................. ...................... 26
Compile .................. ................................ ................................ ...................... 26
On/Off.................................... .................................. ................................ .... 27
Run ....................... ................................ .................................. .................... 27
Dialog Boxes
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual i
Table of Contents
Open Setup .................................................................................................... 27
Open Data ..................................................................................................... 27
Save Setup ......................... ................................ ................................ ............ 27
Save Data.... ................................ ................................ .................................. 28
Import Data from a File.... ................................ .................................. ................ 28
Set Sampling Rate for Imported Waveforms .............................................................. 31
Resample Imported Waveform .............................................................................. 31
Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope.. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. 32
Find Instruments.............................................................................................. 33
Graph........... ................................ ................................ ................................ 34
Compile Settings............ ................................ .................................. ................ 37
Option Installation............................................................................................ 40
Overview .................... ................................ ................................ .................. 41
Generic Signal Dialog Boxes
PRBS Editor............... .................................. ................................ .................. 45
Data Source Values ........................................................................................... 46
Modulation File1(Samples)...................................... .................................. .......... 47
Modulation File2(Symbols) ................................................................................. 49
Symbol Map....... ................................ ................................ ............................ 50
Congure IF............. .................................. ................................ .................... 53
Calibration Wizard
Calibration for Generic, Radar, and OFDM Signals ............ ................................ .......... 54
DUT Characterization
DUT Characterization Wizard..................... ................................ .......................... 57
UWB-WiMedia Dialog Boxes
Calibration for UWB-WiMedia Signal ................... ................................ .................. 58
Marker Mapping .............................................................................................. 61
Tone Nulling. . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . 63
Hopping Pattern............................................................................................... 64
Process Pref
Custom Settings............................................................................................... 66
Frame Payload ........ ................................ .................................. ...................... 68
Radar Dialog Boxes
Compile Settings for the Radar Application ............................. .................................. 69
Add Pulse Groups............................................................................................. 71
OFDM Dialog Boxes
Compile Settings for OFDM ................................................................................ 72
Reed Solomon Coding ... .................................. ................................ .................. 74
Scramble Editor ................... ................................ ................................ ............ 76
Convolution Coding .......................................................................................... 77
Tone Nulling. . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . 78
Frequency Hopping........................................................................................... 78
erences........................................................................................... 64
ii RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Gated Noise ................................................................................................... 79
Environment Dialog Boxes
Compile Settings for Environment Signals .................. ................................ .............. 79
Radar Congure............................................................................................... 82
Creating a Generic Signal
Setup
Single Carrier.... ................................ ................................ .............................. 85
Multi Carriers ..... .................................. ................................ .......................... 86
Editing Carrier Details .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. 87
Selecting the Base Data .......... ................................ ................................ ............ 89
Modulation for Carriers ...................................................................................... 90
Filter for Carriers ........... ................................ ................................ .................. 91
Hopping
Hopping Parameters.......................................................................................... 93
Power Ramping
Power Ramping Parameters ................................................................................. 95
I/Q Impairments
Carrier Leakage for Single Carrier.............................. ................................ ............ 96
Quadrature Error for Carriers................................................................................ 96
I/Q Imbalance for Carriers............................. .................................. .................... 97
Nonlinear Distortions for Carriers .......................................................................... 98
Hardware Skew for Carriers (AWG5000 and AWG7000 Series only) ................................. 99
I/Q Swap for Carriers....... ................................ ................................ .................. 99
Distortion Addition
Amplier Distortion for Carriers............................................................................ 99
MultiPath
Multipath Parameters for Carriers .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. 100
Interference Addition
Signal Addition for Carriers . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . 101
Offset for Carriers .......................................................................................... 103
Sinusoidal for Carriers ....................... ................................ .............................. 104
Additive Noise for Carriers . .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. 104
Subcarrier Modulation for Generic Signal
Subcarrier Modulation . ................................ ................................ .................... 106
Scattering Parameter for Generic Signal
S-Parameters .......... ................................ ................................ ...................... 106
Table of Contents
Creating a UWB-WiMedia Signal
Conformance Mode ............................................................................................. 109
Custom Mode .......................... ................................ ................................ .......... 109
Conformance Mode Setup
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual iii
Table of Contents
Packet Group Details for Conformance Mode........................................................... 111
Packet Details for Conformance Mode........................................... ........................ 112
Hopping Details for Conformance Mode ................................................................ 114
Custom Mode Setup
Packet Group Details for Custom Mode ................... ................................ .............. 115
Setting PPDU Details .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. 116
PLCP Preamble ........... .................................. ................................ ................ 117
PLCP Header................................................................................................ 118
PSDU..................................... .................................. ................................ .. 119
Packet Sync Sequence...................................................................................... 120
PHY Header................................................................................................. 123
MAC Header ...................... .................................. ................................ ........ 124
I/Q Impairments
Carrier Leakage for UWB-WiMedia ............................... ................................ ...... 125
Quadrature Error for UWB-WiMedia .................................................................... 125
I/Q Imba lance for UWB-WiMedia
Nonlinear Distortion for UWB-WiMedia ................................................................ 127
Hardware Skew for UWB-WiMedia (AWG5000 and AWG7000 Series only) ...................... 128
I/Q Swap for UWB-WiMedia ................. .................................. .......................... 128
Distortion Addition
Amplier for UWB-WiMedia............................................................................. 128
MultiPath
Multipath Parameters for UWB-WiMedia .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. 129
Interference Addition
Signal Addition for UWB-WiMedia. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . . 130
Offset for UWB-WiMedia ................................................................................. 132
Gated Noise for UWB-WiMedia.................................... ................................ ...... 132
Sinusoidal for UWB-WiMedia .............. ................................ .............................. 134
Real-World Signal Interference . ................................ ................................ .......... 135
S-Parameters
........................ ................................ ................ 126
S-Parameters.... ................................ ................................ ........................ 136
Calibration for U WB-WiMedia Signals
Using Calibration for IF/RF Signals........................................................................... 139
Creating a Radar Signal
Carrier Setup ....................... .................................. ................................ ............ 141
Pulse
Pulse Setup .... .................................. ................................ ............................ 141
Pulse Envelope .............................................................................................. 142
Staggered PRI ............................................................................................... 144
Modulation .................................................................................................. 146
iv RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Table of Contents
Hopping...................................................................................................... 150
Hopping Parameters........................................................................................ 150
Pulse Impairments .............................. ................................ ............................ 153
Multipath . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. . 154
Antenna ...................................................................................................... 154
Clutter........................................................................................................ 156
I/Q Impairments
Hardware Skew for Radar (AWG5000 and AWG7000 Series only).......................... ........ 157
Carrier Leakage for Radar ... .................................. ................................ ............ 157
Quadrature Error for Radar ................................................................................ 158
I/Q Imbalance for Radar ................................................................................... 158
I/Q Swap for Radar ........... ................................ ................................ .............. 158
Interference Addition
Signal Addition . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. 159
Noise ................... .................................. ................................ .................... 159
S-Parameters
S-Parameters.... ................................ ................................ ........................ 160
Creating an OFDM Signal
Basic Setup ....................................................................................................... 163
Symbols......................... .................................. ................................ ................ 164
Packets............................................................................................................ 166
Frames .......... ................................ ................................ .................................. 167
Distortion............... ................................ ................................ .......................... 169
S-Parameters ..................................................................................................... 170
Using Presets .................................................................................................... 171
Creating an Environment Signal
Understanding the Environment Interface ............................ ................................ ........ 173
Conguring Basic Settings for an Environment Signal ... .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. 173
Conguring Advanced Settings for an Environment Signal
Advanced Settings for a Generic Signal. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. 175
Advanced Settings for a UWB Signal .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . 175
Advanced Settings for a Radar Signal .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. . 175
Advanced Settings for an OFDM Signal . . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . 176
Advanced Settings for a WiFi Signal .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . 176
Advanced Settings for a WiMax Signal . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . .. .. .. . 177
Advanced Settings for a GSM Signal .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . .. . 177
Advanced Settings for a CDMA Signal .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . 179
Advanced Settings for a W-CDMA Signal .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. . 181
Advanced Settings for a DVB-T Signal . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. 182
Advanced Settings for a User Dened Signal ......... ................................ .................. 182
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual v
Table of Contents
Advanced Settings for a Noise Signal .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . 184
Instrument Control
Connecting to an Instrument ..... ................................ .................................. ............ 185
Controlling an AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generator . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . 187
Controlling an AWG5000 or AWG7000 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generator . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. . . 188
Connecting to and Controlling an Oscilloscope. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . 190
Connecting to and Controlling a Performance Signal Generator (PSG). .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. . . . .. .. .. 191
Connecting to a Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer.............................................................. 193
Instrument Control in the Radar and OFDM Applications
Controlling an AWG7000 or AWG5000 Series AWG from the Radar and OFDM Applications . 197
Settings View . .. .. .. . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 197
Sequence View ............................................................................................. 198
Trigger Options ............................................................................................. 200
Event Options ............................................................................................... 200
Graphing
Zooming Graphs ....................... .................................. ................................ ........ 201
Pulse Shape....................................................................................................... 201
I(t), Q(t)........................................................................................................... 202
CCDF Plot........................................................................................................ 203
Spectrum.................................. ................................ ................................ ........ 204
Constellation Pl
Eye Diagram ..................................................................................................... 206
Spectrogram...................................................................................................... 207
FFT of Coherent Pulse Interval ................................................................................ 208
otting . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. 205
Reference
Error Messages
Error Messages for AWG70000........................................................................... 209
Error Messages for Generic Signal ..................... .................................. ................ 209
Error Messages for UWB-WiMedia ...................................................................... 211
Error Messages for Radar .................................................................................. 213
AWG Sequence Window-Related errors ................................................................. 217
Error Messages for OFDM .................. ................................ .............................. 217
Error Messages for Environment Plug-In........ ................................ ........................ 222
DUT Characterization Errors.............................. ................................ ................ 223
RTSA Connectivity-Related Errors....................................................................... 224
Miscellaneous Error Messages ............................................................................ 224
Miscellaneous Error Messages 2............ ................................ .............................. 226
Shortcut Keys ...................... ................................ ................................ .............. 227
RFXpress Options and AWG Models ......................................................................... 227
vi RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Index
Table of Contents
AWG Spec ications............................................................................................. 229
Interleave (AWG7000 Series only) ............................................................................ 229
PRBS Editor St
Amplier Distortions............................................ .................................. .............. 232
Nonlinear Impairments...................................... ................................ .................... 233
Image Calibration................................................................................................ 234
Types of Modulation ............................................................................................ 235
Frequently Asked Questions ................................................................................... 247
arting Values..... .................................. ................................ ............ 232
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual vii
Table of Contents
viii RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Introduction Welc o me
Welcome
RFXpress RFX100 (referred to as RFXpress), is a software application that creates digitally modulated signals. Depending on optional plug-ins, you can generate baseband, IQ, IF, RF, UWB-WiMedia, Radar, and OFDM sign you can create signals that have elements of a variety of signal types.
als with an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG). With the optional Environment plug-in,
The RFXpres
AWG70000A Series arbitrary waveform generator.
AWG7000C series arbitrary waveform generators.
AWG5000C series arbitrary waveform generators.
This software can be run in several ways.
RFXpress Installed on a PC and connected to an AWG70000A Series arbitrary waveform generator via a LAN connection. See the section AWG70000A Series conguration utility with an AWG70000A Serie s arbitrary waveform generator.
An integral part of an AWG5000C or AWG7000C series arbitrary waveform generators (RFXpress installed on the AWG).
As a standalone product installed on a PC.
Using RFXpress, you can dene baseband I and Q signals with various modulation schemes and create single or multi-carrier signals where each carrier can be independently dened. For each carrier, you can apply impairments such as quadrature error and I/Q imbalance, add interferences such as sinusoidal interference, and dene the graphs to create. Upon compilation, the signal can be viewed as graphs, sent to
n arbitrary waveform generator, and saved for later use. Compilation options include sending signals
a directly to the AWG and completely eliminating the wrap-around effects found in arbitrary waveform generators. This provides seamless signals that can be played back continuously without any discontinuity or glitch in the time, frequency, modulation, or channel coding domains. Waveform transfer and control of the AWGs can be performed directly from RFXpress.
s software is designed to work with the following Tektronix arbitrary waveform generators:
AWG7000 and AWG7000B series arbitrary waveform generators have not been fully tested with RFXpress version 5.0 and above. RFXpress version 4.x is recommended for these products.
AWG5000 and AWG5000B series arbitrary waveform generators have not been fully tested with RFXpress version 5.0 and above. RFXpress version 4.x is recommended for these products.
(see page 5) to prepare RFXpress for use
Waveforms captured from oscilloscopes and real-time spectrum analyzers can be modied in RFXpress before they are regenerated.
You can create UltraWideBand WiMedia signals in the Conformance and Custom modes. In the conformance mode, you can either select a standard setup or dene your own setup based on the UWB standards. In the Custom mode, you can create a customized signal by dening packet parameters and setting processing preferences. The Calibration feature for the UWB-WiMedia module allows you to create correction les and apply these correction les to channels during compilation.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 1
Introduction Related Documentation
The RFXpress radar application supports basic pulse generation of different shapes and modulation types.
Related Documentation
In addition to this RFXpress Online Help, the following documentation is included with the software:
RFXpress Installation Manual (Tektronix part number 077-0160-XX). The installation manual has
information about installing and upgrading the software.
RFXpress Printed Help Document (User Manual) (Tektronix part number 077-0045-XX). The user
manual is adapted from the online help and is available in PDF format.
RFXpress Quick Start User Manual (Tektronix part number 077-0159-XX). The quick start user
manual has information about using the software creating IF/IQ/RF signal output.
RFXpress Programmer Online Help (Tektronix part number 076-0216-XX). The programmer online
help has information about the available programmer commands for RFXpress.
RFXpress Programmer Manual (Tektronix part number 077-0435-XX). The programmer manual is
adapted from the programmer online help and is available in PDF format.
For WiMedia standards, please refer to the MultiBand OFDM Physical Layer Specication Version 1.2 by WiMedia Alliance.
Conventions
The online help uses the following conventions:
When steps require a sequence of selections using the software interface, the ">" delimiter marks each
transition between a menu and an option. For example, File > Save.
DUT refers to the Device Under Test
ree dots (...) following a menu item indicates that the menu item will open a submenu.
Th
The terms "signal" and "waveform" are used interchangeably.
2 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Introduction Feedback
Feedback
Tektronix, Inc.
14200 SW Karl Braun Drive
P.O. Box 500
Beaverton, OR 97077
USA
For product information, sales, service, and technical support:
In North America, call 1-800-833-9200.
Worldwide, visit www.tektronix.com to nd contacts in your area.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 3
Introduction Feedback
4 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Getting Started Minimum PC Requirements
Minimum PC Requirements
The minimum PC requirements to run RFXpress are listed in the following table.
The minimum PC requirements to run RFXpress are as follows:
Supported OS: Windows 7 Professional
Minimum requirements:
xxx
Prerequisites
TekVisa version 4.0.0.80 or above to communicate with the AWG70000A Series signal generators (or other test instruments), over a LAN. If TekVisa is not already installed in your system, you can install it from the RFXpress application DVD or download the software from www.tektronix.com/software.
2.0 GHz or higher
512 MB RAM
2GBfreediskspace (Up to 1 TB may be required, depending on waveform length)
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.01 or higher
.NET 4.0 runtime
Installation
The RFXpress installation wizard installs the following software:
RFXpress RFX100 software (including MATLAB and .NET framework)
TekVISA
You can uninstall RFXpress in either of the two ways:
From Start > Programs > Tektronix RFXpress > Uninstall RFXpress.
From Add/Remove programs in Control Panel.
AWG70000A Series conguration utility
To use RFXpress with an AWG70000A Series arbitrary waveform generator, you must run the AWG70000A Conguration Utility. This should be done before starting RFXpress. The utility only needs to be run once to provide RFXpress with the AWG70000A Series model and its options. RFXpress stores these setting for all subsequent starts of RFXpress.
The conguration utility is located in the Tektronix RFXpress Program folder.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 5
Getting Started Setup f or IF/RF Signal G eneration (AWG70000A)
When the conguration utility starts, simply select your AWG70000A Series model number and its options. This information provides RFXpress with the information to properly adjust variables (such as sampling r
ate and waveform length) to accommodate the features of the AWG70000A Series generators.
Setup for IF/RF Signal Generation (AWG70000A)
1. Start RFXpress installed on the PC.
2. From the toolbar, select the signal type as IF/RF.
6 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Getting Started Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation (AWG70000A)
3. Make connections as shown in the gure:
Connect the AWG Ch 1 Analog Output to the DUT where the IF/RF signal must be fed.
4. Click Compile. The waveform is compiled according to the default settings in the Compile Settings window. The compiled waveform is displayed in the Waveform List. If the Compile Button Preferenc also seen in the Instrument Control > AWG tab.
NOTE. The default setting for the Compile Button Preferences is to compile only. If you want to compile and automatically send the waveform to the AWG, you need to change the Compile Button Preferences. See Compile Settings
es is set to Compile and Send, this waveform is transferred to the AWG channel (Ch1) and is
(see page 37).
5. Use the AWG70000A controls to turn the channel on or off and run (output) the signal.
See also:
Connecting to an Instrument
Find
Instruments
(see page 33)
(see page 185)
Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation (AWG70000A)
1. Start the RFXpress installed on the PC.
2. From the toolbar, select the signal type as IQ.
3. Make connections as shown in the gure:
Connect the AWG Ch1 Analog Output to the DUT where the I Signal must be fed.
Connect the AWG Ch2 Analog Output to the DUT where the Q Signal must be fed.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 7
Getting Started Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation (AWG70000A)
NOTE. Both cables must be the same length, otherwise you need to deskew them.
4. Click Compile. The waveform is compiled according to the default settings in the Compile Settings window. The compiled waveform is displayed in the Waveform List. If the Compile Button Preferences is set to Compile and Send, thes waveforms are tra nsf erred to the AWG channels (Ch1 and Ch2) and is also seen in the Instrument Control > AWG tab.
NOTE. The default setting for the Compile Button Preferences is to Compiles only. If you want to compile and auto Compiles and sends to. When set to compile and send, RFX sends the waveform, turns on the channel, and starts the playout of the waveform. See Compile Settings
matically send the waveform to the AWG, you need to change the Compile Button Preferences to
(see page 37).
5. Use the AWG70000A controls to turn the channel on or off and run (output) the signal.
Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation with External Modulator
1. Start the RFXpress installed on the PC.
2. Select the Signal type as IQ.
3. Mak
e connections as shown in the gure:
Connect the AWG and Agilent performance signal generator® (E8267D with Option 015)
rough LAN.
th
Connect the AWG Ch1 Analog Output to the Agilent performance signal generator's (PSG®)
xternal I Input (in the rear panel).
e
Connect the AWG Ch2 Analog Output to the Agilent performance signal generator (PSG®) external Q Input (in the rear panel).
Connect the PSG RF output from the front to the DUT.
8 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Getting Started Setup for RF Signal Generation(AWG5000 and AWG7000)
NOTE. Both cables must be the same length, otherwise you need to deskew them.
4. Click Compile. The waveform is compiled according to the default settings in the Compile Settings window. The compiled waveform is displayed in the Waveform List. This waveform is transferred to theAWGchannels(Ch1andCh2).ThiscanalsobeseenintheInstrumentControl>AWGtab.
NOTE. The default setting for the Compile Button Preferences is to Compiles only. If you want to compile and au Compiles and sends to. When set to compile and send, RFX sends the waveform, turns on the channel, and starts the p layout of the waveform. See Compile Settings
5. Use the AWG70000A controls to turn the channel on or off and run (output) the signal.
See
Find Instruments
tomatically send the waveform to the AWG, you need to change the Compile Button Preferences to
(see page 37).
also:
(see page 33)
Setup for RF Signal Generation (AWG5000 and AWG7000)
1. Start the RFXpress installed on the AWG.
2. From the toolbar, select the signal type as IF/RF.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 9
Getting Started Setup for IF Signal Generation(AWG5000 and AWG7000)
3. Make connections as shown in the gure:
Connect the AWG Ch 1 Analog Output to the DUT where the RF Signal must be fed.
When using the Interleave mode, the RF output should be taken from Interleave Output as shown.
4. Click Compile. The waveform is compiled according to the default settings in the Compile Settings window. The compiled waveform is displayed in the Waveform List. This IF/RF waveform is transferred to the AWG channel (Ch1) and this can also be seen in the Instrument Control > AWG tab.
5. Click On/Off to turn on the channel Ch1.
6. Click Run to generate the signal on the AWG.
See also:
Calibration
Find Instruments (see page 33)
(see page 139)
Setup for IF Signal Generation (AWG5000 and AWG7000)
1. Start the RFXpress installed on the AWG.
2. From the toolbar, select the signal type as IF/RF.
3. Connect the AWG Ch 1 Analog Output to the DUT where the IF Signal must be fed.
4. Click Compile. The waveform is compiled according to the default settings in the Compile Settings
window. The compiled waveform is displayed in the Waveform List. This IF waveform is transferred to the AWG channel (Ch1) and this can also be seen in the Instrument Control > AWG tab.
5. Click On/Off to turn on the channel Ch1.
6. Click Run to generate the signal on the AWG.
See also:
10 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Getting Started Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation (AWG5000 and AWG7000)
Calibration (see page 139)
Find Instruments (see page 33)
Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation (AWG5000 and AWG7000)
1. Start the RFXpress installed on the AWG.
2. From the toolbar, select the signal type as IQ.
3. Make connections as shown in the gure:
Connect the AWG Ch1 Analog Output to the DUT where the I Signal must be fed.
Connect the AWG Ch2 Analog Output to the DUT where the Q Signal must be fed.
NOTE. Both cables must be the same length, otherwise you would need to deskew them.
4. Click Compile. The waveform is compiled according to the default settings in the Compile Settings. The compiled waveform is displayed in the Waveform List. This waveform is transferred to t he AWG channels (Ch1 and Ch2). This can also be seen in the Instrument Control > AWG tab.
5. Click On/Off to turn on the channels Ch1 and Ch2.
6. Click Run to generate the signal on the AWG.
Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation with External Modulator
1. Start the RFXpress installed on the AWG.
2. Select the Signal type as IQ.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 11
Getting Started Setup for AWG IQ Signal Generation (AWG5000 and AWG7000)
3. Make connections as shown in the gure:
Connect the AWG and Agilent performance signal generator® (E8267D with Option 015) through LAN or GPIB.
Connect the AWG Ch1 Analog Output to the Agilent performance signal generator's (PSG®) external I Input (in the rear panel).
Connect the AWG Ch2 Analog Output to the Agilent performance signal generator (PSG®) external Q Input (in the rear panel).
Connect the PSG RF output from the front to the DUT.
NOTE. Both cables must be the same length, otherwise you would need to deskew them.
4. Cli
5. ClickOn/OfftoturnonthechannelsCh1andCh2.
6. Cl
See also:
Calibration
Find Instruments (see page 33)
12 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
ck Compile. The waveform is compiled according to the default settings in the Compile Settings window. The compiled waveform is displayed in the Waveform List. This waveform is transferred to the AWG channels (Ch1 and Ch2). This can also be seen in the Instrument Control > AWG tab.
ick Run to generate the signal on the AWG.
(see page 139)
Operating Basics About Basic Operations
About Basic Operations
The basic operations section describes the software, tells how to start the software, use the menus and toolbars, and describes the dialog boxes.
In this online help, all menu selections are indicated with Menu name and Menu options separated by ">". You can access a command or a menu option in more than one way. Several main menu options are available i which open with a right-click, are provided for editing, creating and viewing graphs, importing data from a le or a Tektronix oscilloscope, and transferring a waveform to an arbitrary waveform generator.
Some dialog boxes also have a Help button that displays help for that dialog box.
n a toolbar that you can use instead of selecting the option from the main menu. Shortcut menus,
Detailed UWB-WiMedia, Radar, Calibration for WiMedia Signals, Instrument Control, and Graphing. The References section lists Error Messages, Shortcut Keys, and provides a note on Interleaving and Types of Modulation.
The following gure shows the application screen, the menu, the toolbar, and other elements of the user interface.
operations and parameters are described in the sections on Generic Signal, OFDM,
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 13
Operating Basics Overview of the Software
Overview of the Software
RFXpress is a software application that creates digitally modulated baseband, IQ, IF, RF, UWB-WiMedia, and Radar signals that can be generated through arbitrary waveform generators (AWG).
Features of RFXpress
Baseband data generation. Dene baseb such as No Mod, QPSK, PI/2 QPSK, BPSK, PI/4 QPSK, OQPSK, 8-PSK, O-8PSK, QAM-16, PI/2 QAM16, QAM-32, QAM-64, QAM-128, QAM-256, QAM-512, QAM-1024, GMSK, 2-FSK, 4-FSK, 8-FSK, 16-FSK, 32-FSK, ASK, AM, PM, FM, nDPSK, OOK, and Pi/2 BPSK.
Multi-carrier setup. Dene multiple RF/IF carriers in a single waveform. Each carrier can be independently defined with parameters such as carrier frequency, symbol rate, modulation type, and baseband lters.
Single or multiple pulse groups to form a pulse train. Each pulse group can be independently dened with various predened pulse shapes and user dened shapes for a pulse group.
Allows you to apply various modulation schemes or dene your own.
Allows you to have Pulse- t o-Pulse hopping within a pulse group and to apply impairments like Edge Jitter, Width Jitter, Overshoot, Ripple and Droop on a pulse group.
IQ impairments. Apply impairments including quadrature error and quadrature imbalance.
Generate the following graphs:
Frequency Domain: Spectrum
I v Q: Constellation
Time Domain: I(t) and Q(t) versus time, and Pulse shape
and I and Q signals using a variety of modulation schemes
Statistical: CCDF and Eye Diagram
Time versus Frequency: Spectrogram and Coherent Pulse Interval
Distortion measurement for system Amplitude, Phase inband atness, and skew between separate channels. The setup includes capturing data from a TDS oscilloscope and a real-time spectrum analyzer and downloading the data to generate the correction data.
Noise/interference generation and addition. Generate and add interference for waveforms. Generate gated noise on specic frames designated by the user.
Capture and Replay. Waveforms captured from oscilloscopes and real-time spectrum analyzers can be modied in RFXpress before they are regenerated.
Wrap around. RFXpress completely eliminates all the wrap-around effects found in arbitrary waveform generators, providing seamless signals that can be played back continuously without any discontinuity or glitch in the time, frequency, modulation, or channel coding domains.
14 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
calibration. To maintain system integrity and coherency with
Operating Basics Starting the Software
Connectivity between arbitrary waveform generators (AWG), oscilloscopes, and Agilent Performance Signal Generators® (PSG). The ability to identify and connect to a Tektronix Arbitrary Signal Generator (AW
AGW70000A Series arbitrary waveform generators require that the AWG70000A Series conguration utility be ru
The radar application uses the AW G7000 series sequence mode to optimize the memory and create large numbe Continuous Mode instead of Sequence Mode.
G), a Tektronix oscilloscope, and the Agilent PSG®.
n before starting RFXpress. See AWG70000A Series conguration utility
r of pulses. However if Option 08 is not purchased, the radar application uses the
(see page 5).
Remotely c
Characterize a DUT and provide S-parameter emulation of RF components.
Dene antenna beam prole and simulate target returns for radar signals.
Create multiple layers of modulation using subcarrier multiplexing.
Dene a staggered PRI with ramp and user-dened proles, and add up to ten multipaths.
Congure all parameters of OFDM .
Build c
Support Reed Solomon, Convolution coding, and Scrambling.
Add Impairments Phase noise, Multipath, and Quantization.
Dene frequency hopping and gated noise.
Support a variety of subcarrier modulation (BPSK, QPSK, QAM (16,32,64,256) and 8-PSK).
Support Tone Nulling and Clipping.
vide presets for WiFi and WiMax standards.
Pro
Create signals that mimic a your environment, mixing multiple signal types together (Environment
ug-in).
pl
ongure a Tektronix real-time spectrum analyzer and import I and Q trace data.
ustom OFDM frames from dening base data, symbols, packets, and frames.
Starting the Software
From the Start menu, click All Programs > Tektronix RFXpress > RFXpress. You can also double-click the RFXpress shortcut on the desktop.
You can use the software in three modes:
With AWG70000A Series instruments. RFXpress is installed on a PC and connected to an AWG70000A Series instrument via a LAN connection and the TekVISA communication software.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 15
Operating Basics Using the Software to Create a Signal
The RFXpress AWG70000A Conguration Utility must be run one time to use RFXpress with an AWG70000A Series instrument. The status bar shows "AWG70XXX Ofine"
RFXpress on any AWG5000 or AWG7000 series instrument. The software automatically detects the AWG software. You can transfer data directly to the AWG. The status bar shows "AWG5XXX Online" or "A
RFXpress on a PC as a stand-alone product. In this case, you cannot transfer data to an AWG (although y Not Available".
WG7XXX Online.
ou can create and store the waveform for later use). The status bar shows "AWGXXXX
Using the
Using RFX
1. Select an application or module: Generic Signal, UWB-WiMedia, Radar, OFDM, or Environment.
2. Select the signal type: IF/RF or IQ.
3. Make the following selections, based on the application or module selection:
4. Continue selections, based on the application or module selection:
Software to Create a Signal
press, you can generate a signal as follows:
For a Generic signal, select the number of carriers: Single or Multi-carrier.
For a UWB signal, select the mode: Conformance or Custom.
For a R
For an OFDM signal, select one of the Presets.
For an Environment, select the different signals to simulate an environment.
For a Generic s ignal, dene the carrier parameters: Frequency, Modulation, Amplitude, Filter and others.
For a UWB signal, select the setup and define the selected packet group and packet parameters.
adar signal, select the number of pulses.
For a Radar signal, select the pulse envelope, frequency, and other pulse parameters.
or an OFDM signal, continue adjusting the OFDM parameters if not using one of the Presets, or
F the Preset settings need adjustment.
For an Environment, congure each signal type added to the Environment.
5. Select the compilation options and compile the signal.
You can also specify the graphs that you want to create and view them in the Graph Preview window. (The Graph Preview window can only display waveformsupto64MSamples.)Youcantransferthesignal
16 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Exiting the Software
to an arbitrary waveform generator in the Instrument Control window. Importing files and replicating waveform les work with only the following instruments:
Oscilloscopes: Tektronix TDS6000, DPO/DSA70000, and DPO7000 series (*.wfm)
Arbitrary Waveform Generators: Tektronix AWG400, AWG500, AWG600, and AWG700 series (*.wfm)
Real-time Spectrum Analyzers: Tektronix RSA3000, RSA5000, and RSA6000 series (*.iqt, *.tiq)
Others: MATLAB binary formats (*.MAT)
Exiting the Software
Select File > Exit to exit the application. If you have not saved the waveforms, you are prompted to do so.
File Nam
The sof
Table 1: File name extensions
File name extension Description
.rfs Setup le of the selected application
.rfd Data le of the waveform (generic signal and ultra wide
.smp
.rfc Correction le
xxx
The software uses the following directories:
Table 2: Directory names
Directory Description
C:\Program Files\Tektronix\RFXpress\System Contains the application les and executables
C:\Program Files\Tektronix\RFXpress\Documentation Contains the related documentation as text and PDF les
C:\Program Files\Tektronix\RFXpress\Samples Contains sample waveform les
xxx
e Extensions and Directories
tware uses the following le name extensions:
band signal)
Symbol le
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 17
Operating Basics Applications, Setup Files, and Data Files
Applications, Setup Files, and Data Files
An application is a module that you can use to create specic types of waveforms, for example Generic Signal and UWB-WiMedia. Applications that are available but have not been purchased appear in the Application
You can only have one Setup File (.rfs) open at a time and only one application in u se at a time. If you change the a
Selecting an application: In the Select eld, select an application from the list. When you select an applicati displayed for the currently selected application.
list but are disabled.
pplication, you are prompted to save the open le.
on (Generic Signal, UWB-WiMedia, Radar, OFDM, or Environment), the default settings are
Setup Fil
Once you compile the setup le (using Waveform > Compile), you can save the le as a Data File (.rfd). Compiled data les for the current session appear in the Waveform List. After you select the Application, a default Setup File opens automatically. If a setup le is open with unsaved changes and you try to create a new le or change applications, you are prompted to save the le. Toopenanexistingsetup le, select File > Open Setup.
The rfs le content varies depending on the selected application (Generic or UWB-WiMedia). By default, the name of the rfs le is derived from the application name.
Data File (.rfd): You can save a compiled Setup File as a Data File using File > Save Data or Save Data As. Files that you import from other instruments become data les. Select File > Save or Save As to save thes
NOTE. Each rfd le can store one of the three formats: IF/RF, I, and Q. An rfd le stores the version information and sampling rate.
e(.rfs):A Setup File is a collection of settings that describes a single or multiple waveforms.
edatales. To open an existing data le, select File > Open Data.
18 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Menu Bar
Menu Bar
The RFXpress menu has the following items:
File
Use the File menu to:
ore the default setup for the currently active application
Rest
Create new waveform setups
Open, close and save waveform setups (.rfs format)
Open, close and save data les (.rfd format)
Import data from a le (created by another software)
Import data from a Tektronix oscilloscope
xit the software
E
View
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 19
Operating Basics Menu Bar
Use the View menu to:
View the Standard toolbar
Congure
Use th
View the St
eConfigure menu to:
Select an application: Generic Signal, UWB-WiMedia, Radar, OFDM, or Environment. UWB­purchased
atus toolbar
WiMedia, Radar, OFDM, and Environment are available only if they have been
n the Find Instruments dialog box to make instrument connections
Ope
Waveform
20 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Menu Bar
Use the Waveform menu to:
Compile the currently active Waveform Setup
Set Compilation options
Open the Graph Setup dialog box to select the graphs
System
Use the System menu to:
Run (AWG5000 a nd AWG7000 Series only)
Stop (AWG5000 and AWG7000 Series only)
Turn all channel outputs on or off (AWG5000 and AWG7000 Series only)
Open the Calibration wizard and set the parameters to calibrate the signal
Open the DUT Characterization wizard
Open the Option Installation wizard to upgrade your RFXpress application.
Window
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 21
Operating Basics Standard Toolbar
Use the Window menu to:
View the Waveform List window
Preview the Graphs
Open Instrument Control window
Open the Overview window
Close all windows
Help
Use the Help menu to:
Open the online help
Display help specic to the currently active application
Display technical support on the Tektronix Web site
Display information about the application, such as version number
Standard Toolbar
The Standard toolbar is always displayed by default. Select View > Standard toolbar to hide or show the toolbar.
The Standard toolbar has the following options that you can select:
Select Application (see page 26)
Signal Type (see page 26)
Congure IF (see page 53)
Calibration (see page 54) Calibration for Generic Signal
22 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Status Bar
Overview (see page 41)
Find Instruments (see page 33)
Graph (see page 34)
Compile (see page 26) and Compile Settings (see page 37)
Status Bar
The Status Bar is always displayed by default. Select View > Status Bar to hide or show the status bar. The status bar shows the selected application, the AWG mode, and the active waveform names. The status of calibration (On/Off) is also displayed.
Waveform List
Window > Waveform List
The Waveform List is a oating window and can be moved anywhere in the display area. By default it opens in the left-most area of the display window. The Waveform List window can be kept open by pushing the pin in the top right corner, or closed and opened as you like. To view the waveform list, from the menu select Window > Waveform List.
After you select a signal to generate and set the parameters for it, you must compile it to crea te the data. Once you compile a signal (using Compile from the toolbar), waveform data is created and added to the waveform list. The Waveform list displays the Name, Length, Sampling Rate and Format of the w aveform data. The maximum number of waveforms that can be displayed in the waveform list is 13,000. When the number of waveforms exceeds this limit, a warning message appears: Number of waveforms is over the maximum limit of 13,000.
To save a waveform that is available in the list, select the waveform and select File > Save Data or Save Data As. You can also right-click the selected waveform and choose Save Data As. The compiled waveform or data le is saved as a data le (.rfd) in the specied location. The data les are stored in the path where the application is installed.
NOTE. If you close the software without saving the compiled waveform, the waveform is lost. You can compile the waveform again from the setup, if you have saved the setup using File > Save Setup or Save Setup As. The setup le is an .rfs le.
You can select the following options from the shortcut menu:
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 23
Operating Basics Wavef o r m L ist
Table 3: Shortcut menu options
Selection
Send to AWG Enabled only if RFXpress is connected to an AWG
Show Graph Enabled only when a waveform is selected. Plots a graph of
Save Data As... Enabled only when a waveform is selected. Saves the
Apply S-Parameter... Click to navigate to a saved S-Parameter le to add
Import from File... (see page 28) Imports data into the software from a le. Choose the le
Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope... (see page 32) Imports data from a Tektronix oscilloscope that is connected
Delete
Delete All
Rename...
Description
instrument. Sends the selected waveform data to the connected arbitrary waveform generator. Select the AWG channel to which to send the data.
the selected type: Frequency Spectrum, Time Domain and CCDF. You can also select Graph Settings... and choose the graphs from those available.
selected waveform data as a .rfd le in the specied name and location.
scattering impairments.
and location from which to import data.
to the instrument on which the software is running.
Enabled only when a waveform is s elected. Deletes the selected w a veform .
Enabled only when a waveform or waveforms are available in the Waveform List. Deletes all the waveforms shown in the waveform list.
Enabled only when a waveform is selected. Opens a dialog box that allows you to enter a waveform name.
(see page 34)
24 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Waveform List
Table 3: Shortcut menu options (cont.)
Selection
Description
Apply Calibration Enabled only when a waveform is selected. Opens a
browser window where you can specify the correction le (.rfc) le to use for calibrating the selected waveform. The correction le must be generated using a generic signal with the same sampling rate as that of the signal you want to calibrate. You can also apply calibration to an imported waveform that was created using MATLAB.
Send to Environment plug-in Waveform List Enabled only when a waveform is selected. Sends
the selected waveform data to the Waveform list in the Environment plug-in.
xxx
When connected to an AWG5000 or AWG7000 Series instrument, you can also drag and drop a waveform from the Waveform List to Instrument Control. Whenyoudraganddropawaveform,thesamplingrate is automatically set in the instrument.
The Rename…, Save As… and Delete buttons appear at the bottom of the Waveform List. These buttons are available only when a waveform is selected.
Table 4: Waveform list buttons
Selection
Rename...
Save... Saves the selected waveform as an .rfd le.
Delete
xxx
Description
Opens a dialog box and allows you to rename the selected waveform.
Deletes the selected waveform.
Generating Graphs
In the shortcut menu, from the Graph option you can select the following graphs: Time Domain, Spectrum, and CCDF. Not all the graphs are available for all waveform formats and all applications. The following table lists the availability of the graphs for various waveform formats.
Table 5: Waveform formats and available graphs
GraphsSelected waveform
format
When both I and Q
CCDF Spectrum
Available Available Not available
Time domain
waveforms are selected
When I waveform is
Not available Not available Available
selected
When Q waveform is
Not available Not available Available
selected
When IF/RF waveform is
Not available Available Available
selected
xxx
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 25
Operating Basics Select Application
For the Radar application, the available graphs are Spectrum, Spectrogram, CPI, I Vs Time, and Q Vs time.
Select Application
Congure > Select Application
Before you cr clicking on the Application eld and selecting either Generic Signal, UWB-WiMedia, Radar, OFDM, or Environment. The default settings for the currently selected application are displayed.
NOTE. The UWB-WiMedia, Radar, OFDM, and Environment are enabled only if you have purchased the options.
Signal Type
Set the signal type from the drop-down list to either RF, IF, or IQ. Another way to select the signal type is by using the Compile Settings
eate a new Waveform Setup and Setup File, you must identify the application. Do this by
(see page 37) dialog box.
Compile
Waveform > Compile
ompile a currently active waveform:
To c
1. Click Compile in the Standard toolbar. The waveform is compiled and displayed in the Waveform List.
rom the Waveform List
2.F
as, Delete, or Rename the waveform.
26 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
(see page 23),youcanselectSendtoAWG,ShowGraph,SaveData
Operating Basics On/Off
On/Off
Click the On/O output. The On/Off button is only active when connected with an AWG5000 or AWG7000 series arbitrary waveform generator.
Run
Click the Run button to turn on or turn off the Run state of the arbitrary waveform generator (AWG). If the application is running on an AWG or using an ofine mode of the AWG software, the compiled waveform is directly output to the channel. The channel is turned on and generates the signal. The signal generation is indicated when the Run button changes to green. The Run button is only active when connected with an AWG5000 or AWG7000 series arbitrary waveform generator.
Open Setup
File > Open Setup
Youcanopenasetuple from the selected location. All setup les have the le name extension .rfs.
ff button
to turn on or turn off the arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) channel
Open Data
File > Open Data
You can open a data le from the selected location. All data leshavethele name extension: .rfd.
Save Setup
File > Save Setup, File > Save Setup As...
Setup les are saved with the le name extension .rfs.
Use File > Save Setup to save an existing setup le with the same name. If you are saving the setup for the rst time, the Save Setup option works exactly as the Save Setup As... option.
Use File > Save Setup As... to save the setup le with another le name.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 27
Operating Basics Save Data
Save Data
File > Save Data, File > Save Data As...
Data les are saved with the le name extension .rfd. You must compile a setup before you can save the data. If you try to save a setup as data without compiling, you are prompted to compile the setup.
UseFile>SaveDatatosaveanexistingdatale with the same name. If you are saving the data for the rst time, the Save Data option works exactly as the Save Data As... option.
UseFile>SaveDataAs... tosavethedatafile with another file name.
Import Data from a File
File > Import from File
You can import a waveform le created in another software, and import the resulting waveform into RFXpress. To import data from a le, select File > Import from le. This dialog box is displayed. Navigate to the directory of choice and select the le to import.
28 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Import Data from a File
You can im po r t les of the following types:
from oscilloscopes and arbitrary waveform g enerators
.wfm
.iqt from real-time spectrum analyzers (RSA3000 series)
.tiq from real-time spectrum analyzers (RSA6000 series)
.pat from arbitrary waveform generators
.isf from oscilloscopes
.csv (comma separated le)
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 29
Operating Basics Import Data from a File
.txt (text le)
.mat (MATLAB) le
The following
options are available:
Table 6: File import options
Selection
Data Type: I Data, Q Data, IF/RF Data Select the data type to specify the type
CSV, Txt Format Species the parameters contained in
Resample waveform in list When selected, transforms the
Overwrite waveform in list
Set as baseband signal
xxx
Description
of data contained in the le. Enabled only when the le formats are .csv and .txt.
the csv or text le:
Time, Volt <cr><lf> (TDS CSV format)
Points, Volt <c r><lf>
Volt <cr><lf>
Volt <cr><lf>, AWG710 format
Time<tb>Volt<cr><lf>(ADS format)
Volt, Volt<cr><lf> (VSA CSV format)
Enabled only when the le format is .csv or .txt.
imported waveform using the desired sampling rate you provided. This feature is available for all types of imported les.
When selected, overwrites the waveform present in the waveform list without any warning.
When selected, replaces any existing carriers with two carriers representing the baseband signal. This option is available only when an iqt or tiq le is selected for import and the selected application is Generic Signal.
®
A MATLAB (.mat) le should meet the following conditions:
Default value
IData
Time, Volt <cr><lf> (TDS CSV format)
®
When the AWG is in the online mode, the desired sampling rate must be within limits. In the ofine mode, the sampling rate is restricted to within the AWG7122B (option 1, 6, 8) limits.
Disabled
Disabled
It should contain a sampling rate and a variable with ‘n’ sample points or values (n > 1).
The sampling rate should be of the format 1 x 1 and the points should be of the format 1 x n.
or example,
F
SamplingRate = 15e9
SamplePoints = [ 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.7 ….]
30 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Set S ampling Rate for Imported Waveforms
Set Sampling Rate for Imported Waveforms
You can set the sampling rate for the waveform while importing it from a text le. This dialog box appears only when the text le does not have the sampling rate of the waveform stored in it. The application uses the default s
ampling rate (10 M S/s) if you do not enter a new sampling rate.
Resample Imported Waveform
You can use a different sampling rate while importing a waveform le created in another software.
1. Select File > Import from le.
2. Select the Resample waveform in list option. A dialog box appears.
The sampling rate and the number of samples (length) of the waveform being imported is displayed.
3. To change the sampling rate, click Turn On.
4. Enter the new sampling rate. As the sampling rate is changed, the Length is correspondingly changed.
When the AWG is in the online mode, the desired sampling rate must be within limits. In the ofine mode, the sampling rate is restricted to within the AWG7122B (option 1, 6, 8) limits.
5. Click OK. If you click Cancel, the waveform is imported without changing the sampling rate.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 31
Operating Basics Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope
Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope
File > Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope
You can import a waveform le from a Tektronix oscilloscope that is connected to your instrument into RFXpress. To do this, select File > Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope. This dialog box is displayed.
A table displays a list of oscilloscopes on the network. Select an oscilloscope in the table and click Connect to connect to it. You can connect to more than one oscilloscope at a time. Click Disconnect to disconnect from an oscilloscope.
For a connected oscilloscope, you can set the following parameters:
Table 7: Waveform import options
Selection
Data Source Select the data from which to acquire
Waveform Type Select the type of waveform: I, Q, or
Waveform Name Specify the waveform name. The
Description
the waveform data: Ch1 to Ch4, Math1 to Math4, and Reference1 to Reference4.
RFIF.
imported waveform is saved in the specied name.
Default value
Ch1
I
N/A
32 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Find Instruments
Table 7: Waveform import options (cont.)
Selection
Acquisition Mode
Record Length
xxx
Click Acquire to import the data. The specied waveform name is used to list the waveform in the Waveform List.
Find Instruments
Congure > Find Instruments
You c a n nd instruments on the network and connect to them.
1. Click Find Instruments to nd other instruments on the network. The following dialog box opens. A table lists the instruments found with the Model, Status (connected or not), Connection type (Ethernet or GPIB), and Name of the instrument.
Description
Set the acquisition mode to one of the following: Samples, Peak Detect, Envelope, or Average.
Displays the record length of the selected oscilloscope. Change the record length by entering a new value in the eld.
Default value
Samples
N/A
NOTE. Instrument Name will be blank unless a name is provided for the instrument in the TekVISA application.
2. Select an instrument from the table. Use the following buttons.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 33
Operating Basics Graph
Table 8: Find instruments options
Button Description
Connect Connect to the instrument selected in the table. Connect
is enabled by d table; disabled if no instrument is highlighted.
Disconnect
Refresh Refresh the list of instruments.
Import... (see page 32) Open the Import from Tektronix Oscilloscope dialog box to
xxx
Disconnect the connected instrument. Enabled only if highlighted instrument is connected.
select a fil
efault if an instrument is highlighted in the
etoimport.
3. Click Connect to connect to the selected instrument. The Status provides the current status during the refresh operation: Searching Instruments or Ready.
Graph
Waveform > Show Graph or Graph Settings
The software allows you to select the types of graphs before creating them. The graphs are displayed in two modes: as a set in a small window (for preview), and as individual graphs in large independent windows.
Two conditions for plotting waveform graphs:
y time, a maximum of three graphs can be displayed in the small view.
At an
Waveforms must be 64 M samples or less to be plotted.
To specify the graphs to create, click Graphs in the toolbar or Waveform > Graph from the menu. The Graph Setup dialog box opens.
34 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Graph
Follow these steps to select the graphs to create:
1. Highlight a folder on the left. The graphs are grouped into the following folders: Frequency Domain, I Vs. Q, Statistical, Time Domain, and Time vs Freq.
2. Highlight a graph from Available Graphs on the right. Click Add to add the graph to the Selected Graphs area or dr ag and drop the graph to the Selected Graphs area.
The following folders and graphs are available:
Frequency Domain: Spectrum
I Vs Q: Constellation
Statistic
Time Domain: I & Q versus time, and Pulse shape
Time versus Frequency: Spectrogram and Coherent Pulse Interval
The Spectrum (Frequency D omain), I & Q versus time (Time Domain), and Spectrogram (Time versus Frequency) graphs are available for the Generic, UWB-WiMEdia, and Radar applications. However, the Coherent Pulse Interval is specic to the radar application.
NOTE. O graphs. You must remove a graph before you can add another graph.
3. Click OK to view the graphs. The graphs are displayed in the Graph Preview tab. If you have selected
You can also create graphs from the Waveform List
1. Select a waveform from the Waveform List.
2. Right-click to view the shortcut menu.
nce three graphs are added to Selected Graphs, the software will not allow you to add any more
move a graph, highlight a graph in Selected Graphs and click Remove.
To r e
er than three graphs, the other window (or windows) is empty.
few
al: CCDF and Eye Diagram
(see page 23) as follows:
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 35
Operating Basics Graph
3. Select Show Graph and select the type of graph to generate. The graph is displayed in a large independent window.
Graph Preview
Graph Preview is a tab in a window that is shared with Instrument Control. Click the Graph Window tab to open it as a docked window.
When RFXpress rst launches, Graph Preview is closed by default.
Large G
1. In the Graph Preview tab, click Maximize to view a graph in a larger window. The selected graph is
NOTE. When no graphs are selected, Maximize is not available.
The Z
Cursors, Cursor Readouts and the difference (Delta) between the cursors are available for the following gra
2. Cl
raph Windows
ayed in a larger window.
displ
oom In and Zoom Out buttons are available in the following graphs: Spectrum, and I(t) Q(t).
phs: Spectrum, I(t) Q(t), and CCDF.
ick
to close the graph and return to the small view.
Graphs from External D a ta
You can import data from a le (File > Import from File) and create graphs using the data. The importedle is displayed in the Waveform List
and click Show Graph.
(see page 23). Select the le from the Waveform List, right-click,
36 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Compile Settings
Compile Settings
Waveform > Compile Settings
To specify compilation settings for the currently active Waveform Setup, click Compile Settings. A dialog box for the Waveform Setup is displayed.
Sample of a Compile Settings dialog box
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 37
Operating Basics Compile Settings
RFXpress supports generation of three signal types. The number of waveforms generated varies depending on the signal format selected.
Baseband signals (IQ format). When the IQ signal format is selected, two baseband waveforms I and Q are generated. You must specify the names of each waveform.
RF signals (IF/RF format). When the RF signal format is selected, the baseband waveforms I and Q are also g enerated. So after compiling, three different les are generated.
IF signals (IF+UP format). When the IF+UP signal format is selected, the output signal generated by RFXpress is at IF frequency. The user gives RF frequency, Local oscillator frequency and the IF mode as input. Based on this input the IF frequency is calculated and the output signal is generated at IF frequency. This option is currently available only in Generic Signal plug-in.
For example, if the waveform name is Test, the generated waveforms are: Test_I, Test_Q, and Test.
The Compile Button Prefs option is available only when the AWG software is detected.
NOTE. The following table describes all the parameters. Not all the parameters are available in all plug-ins.
Table 9: Compile settings options
Selection Description Range, default value
Waveform length (Symbols, Samples)
Oversampling
Automatic Automatically calculates the
Signal Format
IF/RF Sets the signal format to IF/RF. N/A
IQ Sets the signal format to IQ. N/A
IF+UP
Oversampling
Automatic Automatically calculates the
1
2
Species the time domain length of the resulting waveform. It can be expressed in Samples or Symbols.
This is available only when Automatic is disabled.
oversampling based on the setup parameters and the AWG model. To enter the oversampling value, disable this option.
Sets the signal format to IF. This is used where an AWG is used as an IF signal generator and an external mixer/local oscillator is used to upconvert IF to RF. This option is available only in generic signal plug-in.
Specify the oversampling value.
oversampling based on the setup parameters and the AWG model. To enter the oversampling value, disable this option.
Determined by the maximum waveform memory of the instrument.
Enabled
N/A
Automatic
Enabled
38 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Compile Settings
Table 9: Compile settings options (cont.)
Selection Description Range, default value
RF Waveform Name Enter the name of the waveform to be
generated after compilation. Uses the name entered here for the generated RF waveform.
I Waveform N ame Enter the name of the I waveform
to be generated after compilation. Uses the name entered here for the generated I waveform.
Q Waveform Name Enter the name o f the Q waveform
to be generated after compilation. Uses the name entered here for the generated Q waveform.
Compile Button Prefs
Compiles and sends to Compiles the currently active
waveform setup and sends it to the specied channel.
Compile only Compiles the currently active
waveform setup.
Correction Files
When compiling, apply correction les to these channels: Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4.
Normalization
Mode
Division factor
Adjust for Wrap-Around When selected, adjusts the waveform
Available and enabled for each channel on the instrument. For two-channel instruments, only Ch1 and Ch2 are visible. When a channel is selected, the corrections are applied from the le during c ompilation. If no le exists, you are prompted to either create a correction le in the Calibration window, or compile without applying correction les.
Select the normalization mode from the following: Auto, Manual.
You can normalize a waveform such that all points on it lie between +1 and –1.
Enabled when the Normalization Mode is Manual. Specify the division factortousetodividethewaveform values.
for wrap around during oversampling. When cleared, the following message appears: The signal generated from the AWG might have wrap-around artifacts in continuous mode.
Waveform1
Waveform1_I
Waveform1_Q
Ch1
N/A
Disabled
Auto
0.01 to 100, 1
Enabled
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 39
Operating Basics Option Installation
Table 9: Compile settings options (cont.)
Selection Description Range, default value
Overwrite waveform in list
I Invert
Q Invert When selected, inverts the phase of
xxx
1
If the Waveform Length is expressed in symbols, the number of samples is approximately given by the product of the number of symbols and the
g rate divided by the symbol rate.
samplin
2
For IF/RF signals, the sampling rate is approximately the product of the maximum carrier frequency and the oversampling. For IQ signals, the sampling rate is approximately the product of the anchor carrier symbol rate and the oversampling. For UWB-WiMedia signals, sampling rate is approximately the product of the highest band group centre frequency and the oversampling.
When selected, overwrites any existing waveform of the same name in the waveform list. When this option is disabled, you are prompted to enter a waveform le name.
When selected, inverts the phase of the I signal.
the Q signal.
Enabled
Disabled
Disabled
Click Compile to compile the waveform. A progress bar is displayed during compilation. You can abort the compilation by clicking Cancel.
NOTE. When Adjust for Wrap-Around is enabled and the waveform length is set in samples, the symbol rate of the compiled waveform may be close to, and not exactly the same as, the value specied in the Setup waveform may be close to, and not exactly the same as, the value specied in the Setup tab.
on Installation
Opti
tem > Option Installation...
Sys
You can use the RFXpress application to generate all types of waveforms available in Waveform function
lection list, regardless if the optional plugin is enabled. But you cannot transfer or save the waveform
se unless the plugin is enabled with an option (license) key.
ick System > Option Installation.... This dialog box is displayed.
Cl
tab. Similarly, when the waveform length is set in symbols, the carrier frequency of the compiled
40 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Overview
Table 10: Option installation information
Selection
User Name Enter the user name.
Serial Number Enter the serial number that is provided with the software.
Option Key String Enter the option key string that is provided with the software.
Option Information The option information is displayed in the table.
xxx
ClickCopyOptionInfotocopytheinformationinthe table to the clipboard. Click Apply to apply the entered values.
Overview
Window > Overview
Description
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 41
Operating Basics Overview
Click Window > Overview to open the overview window. A block view of the active waveform appears in a new window. This window is a oating window and can be moved around the screen. Each larger grouping in th
The On/Off button in the upper right corner of each block in a block corresponds to the Turn On check box in the appropriate group.
If the group does not have a Turn On check box, then no On/Off button appears on the block.
If the check box is cleared, the button text is Off (red), and the block appears dimmed.
If the check box is selected, the button text is On (green) and the block appears active. The button on the block and the check box in the group box are linked; if you change one, the change is reected in the other. The on/off values for each block correspond to the currently selected carrier or packet group.
For a Generic signal, you must select a carrier before you select the Overview option. The Overview window for a carrier has the following blocks:
e diagram corresponds to a tab.
Setup includes Base Data, Modulation, and Filter/Window
Hopping
Power Ramping
I/Q Impairments includes Carrier Leakage, Nonlinear Distortions, I/Q Swap, Quad Error, and I/Q Imbalance
Distortion Addition includes Amplier Distortion
Multi-Path includes Dene Path
Interference Addition includes Signal addition, Offset, Sinusoidal Interference, and Noise Interference
42 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Overview
Subcarrier modulation
S-Parameter
Hardware Skew
NOTE. When no carriers are selected in the Carrier table, selecting Overview will open the Overview Window with all the On/Off buttons set to Off (default). Clicking the On/Off buttons will not have any effect.
For a UWB signal, you must select a packet group before you select the Overview option. The Overview window has the following blocks:
Setup includes Packet Group, Packet Denitions, and Hopping
I/Q Impairments includes Carrier Leakage, Nonlinear Distortions, I/Q Swap, Quad Error, and I/Q Imbalance
Distortion Addition includes Amplier Distortion
Multi-Path includes Dene Path
Interference Addition includes Signal Addition, Offset, Gated Noise, Sinusoidal Interference, and Real World Signal
Hardware Skew
Clicking a block (even if dimmed) brings the File window forward with the corresponding tab at front. Within the tab, the rst setting in the group box that corresponds to the block is highlighted.
To turn on or turn off the calibration corrections, click Congure > Calibration
For a Radar signal, you must select a pulse before you select the Overview option. The Overview window has the following blocks:
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 43
(see page 54).
Operating Basics Overview
Pulse includes Envelope, Amplitude Deviation, Staggered PRI, Jitter, Modulation, Hopping, and Frequency Offset
I/Q Impairments includes Carrier Leakage, Quad Error, I/Q Imbalance, and I/Q Swap
Multi-Path
Antenna
Interference Addition includes Noise and Signal Addition
Hardware Skew
For an OFDM signal, you must select a carrier before you select the Overview option. The Overview has the following blocks:
Basic Setup includes Base Data, Reed Solomon, Scrambler, and Convolution Encoder
Symbol Setup includes Symbol Denition and Tone Nulling
Packet Setup includes Dene Packet, Hopping, and Gated Noise
44 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics PRBS Editor
Frame Setup includes Dene Frame, Multipath, and Phase Noise
Distortion Addition includes Quantization
PRBS Editor
This dialog box is displayed upon clicking PRBS Editor when PRBS is set to User DenedintheBase Data eld (Setup tab).
This data source can generate different pseudo-random binary sequences. You can select PRBS 7, PRBS 9, PRBS 15, PRBS 16, PRBS 20, PRBS 21 and PRBS 23 in the eld to the right of the PRBS button.
PRBS sequences are generated by a feedback shift register. The number (#) following PRBS indicates the
gth of the generating shift register. For instance, a shift register with 16 memory cells is required to
len
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 45
Operating Basics Data Source Values
generate a PRBS 16 sequence. The pseudo-random sequence of a PRBS generator is determined by the number of registers and the feedback.
Table 11: PRBS editor options
Selection
Use differen
Initial PRB
PRBS polynomial expression Enter an expression in the format
Shift register initial value D1– D31 Enter values in the shift registers to create
xxx
t PRBS at beginning of segment
S polynomial expression
Description
Allows you to expression. The polynomial that you dene is used at the beginning of every sequence. The value of
Enter an exp Xn1+Xn2+1 to add to the initial part of the PRBS polynomial expression. The value of Xn ranges b Use different PRBS at beginning of segment is disabled.
Xn1+Xn2+ sequence. The value of Xn ranges between 1 and 31.
the seq can take the values 0 and 1.
dene a PRBS polynomial
X ranges between 1 and 31.
ression in the format
etween 1 and 31. Enabled when
1 to generate the pseudo-random
uence. The registers D1 through D31
Default value
Disabled
X31+X30+1
X31+X30+1
D1– D31
Click Apply to effect the changes. Click Reset to Default to restore the editor to the default values. Refer to the Appendix for more information on the taps and the seed (starting values).
See also:
PRBS Editor Starting Values
Data Source Values
This dialog box is displayed when you set the Base Data selection to File and browse for the le. The le formats supported are .txt and .dat. Once you select a le, the data values are taken from that le.
(see page 232)
46 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Modulation File1(Samples)
The following conditions must be met for a valid le:
Any ASCII le, delimited or not, can be used as the data source.
The next bit is generated by reading the le until a 0, 1, x, or X character is found. 0 and 1 will add the corresponding bit to the sequence; the x and X character add a new random bit.
Any other intermediate character is ignored.
When the end of the le is reached, the le is read again from the beginning based on the record length.
The data can be organized by columns or rows.
Any nu
Empty lines or invalid lines at the beginning and end of the le are ignored.
mber of space, tab, or comma characters can be used as a delimiter.
Modulation File1(Samples)
This dialog box is displayed when File1(Samples) is selected in the Modulation eld(Setuptab).
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 47
Operating Basics Modulation File1(Samples)
Table 12: Modulation File1(Samples) options
Selection
External
Internal
File
Data Org Specify the organization of data within the selected le: I/Q, Q/I, I
Format
xxx
Description
Select Extern path.
Select Internal to specify a le to be taken from the Waveform List. Click the icon next to the File eld and a list of waveforms appears.
Select the m browsing to the le. The le formats supported are: .txt, .dat, and .bin.
Only, or Q O are I Only and Q Only.
Specify the format of the selected le: ASCII, Binary(oat), or Binary(double). This option is not available when External is selecte
al to specify an external le taken from a specied
odulation le to be used by entering the path or
nly. When Internal is selected, the available options
d.
Default value
External
N/A
N/A
IOnly
ASCII
The Data Org eld is used to indicate the organization of data as follows within the selected le:
I/Q. The rst value of data (until a delimiter) read is considered as I and the next as Q. This will continue to the end of the le.
Q/I. The rst value of data read (until a delimiter) is considered as Q and the next as I . This will continue to the end of the le.
I Only. All the data read are considered as I, and Q is assigned to zero.
y. All the data read are considered as Q, and I is assigned to zero.
QOnl
NOTE. If you have dened different les for the I and Q components, then you must dene two carriers in the list with the same basic parameters and select the corresponding component in the Data Organization eld.
The Format eldisusedtospecifythele format. The following conditions must be met for a selectedle format:
When the le format is ASCII, the data should be in oating point precision. Spaces and tabs are ignored. Any other characters are considered invalid. RFXpress stops reading data when it encounters invalid data.
When the le format is Binary(oat), the data should be in binary format with oating p oint precision.
When the le format is Binary(double), the data should be in binary format with double point precision.
When the end of the le is reached, the le is read again from the beginning, based on the Record Length.
NOTE. The external le should contain signals with average power of 1 V appropriately to ensure that the le contains signals with an average power of 1 V
. You should scale the data
RMS
.
RMS
48 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Modulation File2(Symbols)
Modulation File2(Symbols)
This dialog box is displayed when File2(Symbols) is selected in the Modulation eld (Setup tab).
Table 13: Modulation File2(Symbols) options
Selection
File
Data Org Specify the organization of data within the selected le: I/Q, Q/I,
Format
xxx
Description
Select the modulation le to be used by entering the path or browsing and .bin.
I Only, or Q Only.
Specify the format of the selected le: ASCII, Binary(oat), or Binary
to the le. The le formats supported are: .txt, .dat,
(double).
Default value
N/A
IOnly
ASCII
TheDataOrgeld is used to indicate the organization of data as follows within the selected le:
I/Q. The rst value of data read (until a delimiter) is considered as I and the next as Q. This will continue to the end of the le.
Q/I. The rst value of data read (until a delimiter) is considered as Q and the next as I. This will continue to the end of the le.
I Only. All the data read are considered as I, and Q is assigned to zero.
nly. All the data read are considered as Q, and I is assigned to zero.
QO
NOTE. If you have dened different les for the I and Q components, then you must dene two carriers in the list with the same basic parameters and select the corresponding component in the Data Organization eld.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 49
Operating Basics Symbol Map
The Format eldisusedtospecifythele format. The following conditions must be met for a selected le format:
When the le format is ASCII, the data should be in oating point precision. Spaces and tabs are ignored. Any other characters are considered invalid. RFXpress stops reading data when it encounters invalid data
.
When the le format is Binary(oat), the data should be in binary format with oating p oint precision.
When the le format is Binary(double), the data should be in binary format with double point precision.
When the end of the le is reached, the le is read again from the beginning, based on the Record Length.
NOTE. The external le should contain signals with average power of 1 V appropriately to ensure that the le contains signals with an average power of 1 V
Symbol Map
This dialog box is displayed when File3(Map) is selected in the Modulation eld (Setup tab).
. You should scale the data
RMS
.
RMS
50 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Symbol Map
Use the symbol map editor to create user defined modulation schemes. The Symbol Map created is stored in a binary format. This is useful for unsupported modulation schemes and to introduce impairments with the simul
ated waveform.
Table 14: Symbol map options
Selection
Total symbols
Description
Displays the total number of symbols
Range, default value
2 to 512, 4
entered.
Modulation mode
Select the modulation mode: Normal,
Normal Diff (Continuous), Diff (Alternate). Sets the selected modulation mode.
Rotation angle
Specify the rotation angle between I
–180° to +180°, 0° and Q.
Offset modulation Indicates whether to apply offset
No modulation or not: Yes, No. Selecting Yes applies offset modulation.
Predened map Causes a dropdown list to appear with
QPSK the following selections: None, BPSK, QPSK, QAM16, QAM32, QAM64, QAM128, and QAM256.
Add/Edit Symbols
I component
Specify the I component of the
–100 to +100, 1 modulation.
Q component Specify the Q component of the
–100 to +100, 1 modulation.
Magnitude
1
Specify the magnitude of the
0 to 141.421, 1.414214 modulation.
1
Phase
Specify the phase of the modulation. –180° to +180°, 45°
Map - Settings apply to all symbols
Offset I Specify the offset for the I component.
Offset Q Specify the offset for the Q component.
Rotation I/Q phase Specify the phase rotation between I
–100 to +100, 0
–100 to +100, 0
–180° to +180°, 0° and Q.
Scale I axis (%) Specify the scale factor for the I
0% to 500%, 100% component.
Scale Q axis (%) Specify the scale factor for the Q
0% to 500%, 100% component.
xxx
1
The Magnitude and Phase parameters depend on the value of the I and Q components. If you change the value o f the I and Q components, the Magnitude and Phase values are recalculated and updated. Similarly, if you change the Magnitude and Phase values, the values of the I and Q components are recalculated and updated.
Clicking Apply Offset, Apply Rotation, and Apply Phase applies the values to the Map Settings parameters. The table is updated according to the newly applied values.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 51
Operating Basics Symbol Map
The following buttons work as listed:
Table 15: Symbol map buttons
Selection
Description
Circle... Denes a circular constellation with equal magnitude.
Opens a dialog box with the following parameters: Number of Symbols, Radius, Phase offset.
Add
Update
Delete
Adds I, Q, Magnitude, and Phase values to the table.
Updates the selected row from the table.
Deletes the selected row from the table.
Default Settings Clears all the symbol map information and resets to default
values. This is equivalent to opening the Symbol Map dialog box.
Preview... Previews the table values as a plot.
Load
Loads a previously saved symbol le (.smp) and displays the values in the elds.
Save As Saves all the parameters in a user-specied le (.smp) and
location.
xxx
e
Circl
Click Circle to dene a constellation window that allows you to create equally spaced symbols in a circle of a specied radius. You can dene an offset angle to rotate the constellation. The Circle dialog box has the following options:
Table 16: Circle options
Selection
Number of symbols Enter the number of symbols to use
Radius
hase offset
P
eset Phase Offset
R
0 degrees
Half the angle between consecutive signals
Reset
xxx
Description
ile creating the constellation.
wh
ter the radius of the circle.
En
nter the phase offset.
E
Select this option to set the phase offset to zero.
Press Reset to set the phase to 0 degrees.
Select this option to set the phase offset to half the angle between consecutive signals.
Press Reset to set the phase to half the angle between consecutive signals.
Resets the phase offset to 0 or 90 depending on the selected phase offset.
Range, Default
2 to 512, 4
–5.0 to +5.0, 1
180° to +180°, 0°
Selected
N/A
N/A
52 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Congure IF
NOTE. The external le should contain signals with average power of 1 V appropriately to ensure that the le contains signals with an average power of 1 V
Congure IF
This dialog box is displayed when selecting Congure IF in the toolbar. Congure IF is only available for Generic signal and when IF + U P signal type is selected.
. You should scale the data
RMS
.
RMS
Table 17: Congure IF options
Selection
IF Mode
LO Frequency Species the frequency of the local oscillator. The local oscillator
xxx
Description
Species the IF mode. Upper Side Band, Lower
is the external hardware used to up-convert the IF signal to an RF signal.
Default value
Side Band - High side injection, Lower Side Band - Low side injection, Upper Side Band
0to30GHz,1GHz
IF frequency calculation for different IF modes is base on the following equations.
Upper Side band: RF Frequency = IF Frequency + Local Oscillator Frequency
Lower Side band - High Side Injection: RF Frequency = IF Frequency – Local Oscillator Frequency
Lower Side band - Low Side Injection: RF Frequency = Local Oscillator Frequency – IF Frequency.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 53
Operating Basics Calibration for Generic, Radar, and OFDM Signals
Calibration for Generic, Radar, and OFDM Signals
Click Calibration from the toolbar. The Calibration Wizard opens. The wizard helps you create a correction le that can be applied on a generated signal. The RF, IF, and IQ signals are supported and the steps are sim
RF calibration requires an AWG5000, AWG7000, or AWG70000A series instrument and an oscilloscope or RSA. Set up the equipment as follows:
IF calibration requires an AWG5000, AWG7000, or AWG70000A series instrument, an oscilloscope or RSA, and devices to change the frequency range generated by the AWG. Set up the equipment as follows:
ilar.
IQ calibration requires an AWG5000, AWG7000, or AWG70000A series instrument, an oscilloscope or RSA, and IQ modulator to u pconvert the IQ signal to RF.
54 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Calibration for Generic, Radar, and OFDM Signals
IQ calibration can be done in one of the two ways:
Calibration using an IQ modulator. The I and Q signals generated from the AWG is upconverted to RF using an IQ modulator. In this case, the software provides the total system calibration up to RF output.
Direct calibration. The I and Q signals generated from the AWG is directly calibrated without upconversion.
NOTE. Direct IQ calibration can be done only on an oscilloscope.
Set up the equipment as follows:
NOTE. To calibrate the RF, IF, and IQ signals using RSA, replace the Tektronix oscilloscope with RSA.
To calibrate the signal:
1. Sele
ct and connect to an oscilloscope. A table displays a list of instruments on the network. The instrument model, status, connection type, and instrument name (alias) are shown but they are not editable. The following buttons are available:
Table 18: Instrument setup buttons
Button Description
Connect Connects to the instrument selected in the table and updates the status to Connected in
the table.
Disconnect Disconnects the instrument selected in the table and updates the status in the table.
Test Connection Returns the current status of the instrument selected in the table and displays the status as
Connected (in green) or Not Connected (in red).
Refresh List Refreshes the list of connected instruments.
xxx
2. Enter the AWG and calibration parameters.
For an RF signal, enter the AWG parameters like sampling rate, select the Interleave/Zeroing
modes, DAC resolution, and the channel (Ch1 or Ch2). Inter leave and Zeroing
(see page 229)
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 55
Operating Basics Calibration for Generic, Radar, and OFDM Signals
Select the signal or signal image to calibrate. Calibrate the Signal Image (see page 234)
Enter frequency parameters like Start Frequency, End Frequency, Frequency Resolution, Average iterations, and the name of the correction le.
For an IF signal, enter the AWG parameters like sampling rate, select the Interleave/Zeroing modes, DAC resolution, and the channel (Ch1 or Ch2). Enter frequency parameters like IF Start Frequency, IF End Frequency, Frequency Resolution, LO Frequency, and Average iterations. Select the l
ower or upper side band to calibrate and enter the name of the correction le.
For an IQ signal, enter the AWG parameters like sampling rate, select the I channel and Q channels,
and enter the amplitude of the I and Q signals. Enter the Bandwidth, Baseband Offset,
Frequency Resolution, Average iterations, Carrier frequency, and the name of the correction le.
Table 19: Calibration setup options
Selection
Calibration Setup
Sampling rate (samples/sec) Displays the sampling rate of the
Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4
DAC Res (bits): 8, 10 Selects the DAC resolution
Interleave (see page 229) Enabled if the signal type is either RF
Zeroing Enabled only when Interleave is
Start Frequency Enter the start frequency of the signal. 10 MHz to Sampling Rate*0.49 Hz,
End Frequency
LO Frequency Enter the low oscillator frequency of
Lower Side Band/Upper Side Band Select the frequency band which is to
Average (iterations) Enter the number of times the software
Frequency Resolution
Calibrate the Signal Select this to correct the actual signal. N/A
Description
instrument. If you change the sampling rate, it is updated in the instrument.
Applies corrections to the selected channels w hen you click Compile. If the corrections le is not found, you are warned. However, you can continue without applying calibration.
or IF.
available on the instrument.
Enter the end frequency of the signal. 10 MHz to Sampling Rate*0.49 Hz,
the signal.
be calibrated.
sends and captures the signal through the user dened conguration to create an average.
Enter the frequency resolution of the signal. This is used to pick the number of samples between start and end frequencies.
Range, default value
N/A
Ch1
8
N/A
N/A
10 MHz
Sampling Rate*0.49 Hz
N/A
Upper Side Band
1 to 100, 1
N/A
56 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics DUT Characterization Wizard
Table 19: Calibration setup options (cont.)
Selection
Bandwidth
Baseband Offset Enter the baseband offset of the
Carrier Frequency Enter the carrier frequency of the
Calibrate the Signal Image (see page 234)
Select the correction le Browse and select the correction le.
xxx
Description
Enter the bandwidth of the signal. 10 MHz to Sampling rate/2, 10 MHz
signal. This is the offset of the signal from the center frequency.
signal. The carrier signal is generated by the IQ modulator instrument.
Select this to correct the image of the signal.
Only one correction le (rfc) is created; information on all the channels stored in it.
Range, default value
0 MHz to Sampling rate/2
N/A
Disabled
N/A
3. Select the instrument on which to perform calibration (oscilloscope and RSA).
To perform calibration using oscilloscope, select the oscilloscope channel(s) to which the AWG channels are connected.
4. Proceed with the calibration. When the calibration is complete, the amplitude and phase plots are displayed.
Use the correction le in the Compile Settings dialog box to calibrate the signal.
DUT Characterization Wizard
RFXpress allows you to get the characteristicsofyourDUT.TheDUTindicatesaMixerorAmplifier,
t receivers or IQ Modulators. From the toolbar, select Calibration > DUT Characterization. The DUT
no Characterization wizard opens and guides you through the process.
UT Characterization is a two-step process. The rst step calibrates the AWG and the creates the
D correction le. The second step determines the characteristics of the DUT and stores them in a le that is later used as an input to the S-parameter feature.
To calibrate the AWG:
1. Select and connect to an oscilloscope.
2. Enter the setup parameters. Enter the AWG parameters like sampling rate, select the Interleave/Zeroing
modes, DAC resolution, and the channel (Ch1 or Ch2). Enter frequency parameters like Start Frequency, End Frequency, Frequency Resolution, and Average iterations.
3. Select the oscilloscope channel(s) to which the AWG is connected.
4. Proceed with the calibration
(see page 54).
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 57
Operating Basics Calibration for UWB-WiMedia Signal
To determine the characteristics of the DUT:
5. Enter the DUT setup parameters. Enter the DUT Center Frequency, Upper or Lower Side Band, and select the output le.
6. Connect the DUT between the AWG and the oscilloscope.
7. Proceed with the characterization. During DUT characterization, the correction le from the
calibration process is used to send a clean signal from AWG.
Once the characterization is complete, the wizard displays the Amplitude and Phase plots of the DUT.
Calibra
System
To calibrate the signal, click System > Calibration. A set of parameters called Calibration Settings are commo calibration, compile your setup so that the sampling rate is automatically set in the Calibration dialog box. You are prompted with a message to compile your setup before you proceed with calibration. If you choose not to compile the setup, you must enter the sampling rate manually.
This dialog box is displayed. The calibration settings are as follows:
tion for UWB-WiMedia Signal
> Calibration
n across channels. Channel-specic settings are provided in each channel tab. Before you start
58 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Calibration for UWB-WiMedia Signal
Table 20: Instrument setup option
Selection
Instrument Setup
Signal Type Select the signal type for calibration: RF, IF
xxx
Description
Default value
IF
The table displays a list of instruments on the network. The instrument model, status, connection type, and
trument name (alias) are shown but they are not editable. The following buttons are available:
ins
Table 21: Instrument setup buttons
Button Description
Connect Connects to the instrument selected in the table and updates the status to Connected in
the table.
Disconnect Disconnects the instrument selected in the table and updates the status in the table.
Test Connection Returns the current status of the instrument selected in the table and displays the status as
Connected (in green) or Not Connected (in red).
xxx
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 59
Operating Basics Calibration for UWB-WiMedia Signal
The Calibration Settings and Channel-specic settings are as follows. All the calibration settings that are set in RFXpress are updated on the connected instrument.
Table 22: Calibration setup options
Selection
Calibration
Sample rate
Interleav
(Menu only displays when connected to an AWG7000 Series with option 06)
Zeroing
(Menu only displays when connected to an AWG7
Band Gro
Calibration Reminder Select a reminder to create calibration
Aver
Gen
andgroup Center Freq (MHz)
B
Sideband: Lower, Upper Set the sideband value to the lower
Setup
(samples/sec)
e
(see page 229)
000 Series with option 06)
up
age (iterations)
erator Center Freq (MHz)
Description
Displays th instrument. If you change the sampling rate, the same is updated in the instrum
Enabled if or IF.
Enabled only when Interleave is available on the instrument.
Select t from the following options: User dened, BandGroup1, BandGroup2, BandGr BandGroup5, and BandGroup6.
For direct RF generation, the availa BandGroup1 and BandGroup2.
les periodically: Once a day, Once a week,
Ente sends and captures the signal through the user dened conguration to crea
Ent generated signal. This should be same as Band Group Center
equency when the signal type is RF.
Fr
Enabled only for signal type IF with the range of 800 MHz to 10 GHz. Not
ailable for signal types RF and IQ.
av
nter the center frequency for the
E user dened band group. Enabled only when Bandgroup is set to
ser Dened for RF and IQ signals in
U the range of 500 kHz to 10 GHz and for IF signals in the range of 1 GHz to 20 GHz.
or the upper limit. Enabled only for IF signals.
e sampling rate of the
ent.
the signal type is either RF
he band group of the signal
oup3, BandGroup4,
ble options are: User Dened,
Once a month, and Never.
r the number of times the software
te an average.
er the center frequency for the
Range, defaul
N/A
N/A
N/A
BandGro
Never
1 to 100, 10
N/A
N
Lower
up1
/A
t value
60 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Marker Mapping
Table 22: Calibration setup options (cont.)
Selection
When compiling, apply corrections to these channels: Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4.
Bands: Band1, Band2, Band3
Channel-specic parameters
Amplitude (Vpp) Displays the amplitude of the channel.
Offset (V) Displays the offset of the channel.
Use the same amplitude and offset for all channels.
Select the Correction le Specify the correction le to create.
xxx
Description
Applies corrections to the selected channels and bands (within the selected Bandgroup) when you click Compile. If the corrections le is not found, you are warned. However, you can continue without applying calibration.
To change it, set a new value for the amplitude.
To change it, set a new value for the offset.
Uses the amplitude and offset set for a channel for all available channels.
The correction le that you s pecify is used when you compile the signal.
Range, default value
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
The Calibration dialog box has an option to plot each band id. The amplitude and phase plot of the
bration le is plotted only for a v alid rfc le. You can plot any of the three bands by selecting the band.
cali
Click Calibrate to create the correction les. The correction le that is created can be used to pre-distort
signal so that the nal signal that is generated is an ideal signal.
the
Click OK to set the correction le and parameters that are used during compile. In Compile Settings
ge
37) if the option "When compiling apply correction les to these channels" is selected, the correction
pa
le specied in the Calibration dialog box is used to apply corrections.
NOTE. Interleave and Zeroing are available only on the AWG7000 series of instruments with Option 06.
Marker Mapping
This dialog box is displayed when you click Marker Mapping... in the Setup tab (UWB-WiMedia) in both Custom and Conformance modes. The markers M1 and M2 are tightly coupled to the band ID. Marker mappingisusedtoprovidehoppinginformationtothe external RF hopper. The marker information is transferred with IF/RF, I, and Q data. You can use marker information from any channel where analog data is generated.
(see
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 61
Operating Basics Marker Mapping
You can set the following options for markers M1 and M2. The marker pattern generated, based on the following settings, can be used for triggering an external device.
Table 23: Marker mapping options
Selectio
n
M1, M2 Description
Band 1 Enter M1 and M2 values. The values
canbe0o
r1
Band 2 Enter M1 and M2 values. The values
canbe0o
r1
Band 3 Enter M1 and M2 values. The values
or 1
Marker
delay (ns)
canbe0
N/A
Sets the
Sets the
Sets th
marker pattern for Band 1
marker pattern for Band 2
e marker pattern for Band 3
Enter the marker delay in
conds. It denes the
nanose delay in marker transition with
Default v
0, 1
1, 0
1, 1
Range: –312.5 to + 312.5
Default: 0.0 ns
alue
ns
respect to the symbols.
xxx
NOTE. The Marker Mapping dialog box shows a warning message when the AWG is set with 10-bit DAC resolution.
62 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Tone Nulling
Tone Nulling
This dialog box is displayed when you click Tone Nulling... in the Setup tab (UWB-WiMedia) in both Custom and Conformance modes. For the selected Band Group, the tone nulling table shows the carrier number, the a elds are editable. Double-click the eld and enter a new amplitude for the selected carrier and band.
mplitudes, and the phases of Band 1, Band 2, and Band 3 in dB. The amplitude and phase
The amplitude values are relative to the amplitudes specied for each band. The tone nulling value ranges
en –40 dB and +20 dB. For example, if a carrier or tone value is set to –40 dB, the amplitude of
betwe the tone is 40 dB less than that specied for the band to which it belongs. The phase value ranges from –180 degrees to +180 degrees.
Click Default to restore the band values to their default values.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 63
Operating Basics Hopping Pattern
Hopping Pattern
This dialog box is displayed when you set the TF Code and click Hopping... in the Setup tab in the Custom Mode (UWB-WiMedia). The hopping pattern for the selected Band Group and TF Code is displayed. The X-axis (hori Band Group. The hopping pattern is not editable.
zontal) shows Time and the Y-axis (vertical) shows the Center Frequencies for the selected
To c ust clicking the black squares in each column. This sets the frequency at which a packet is transmitted for each band in a band group. After you have dened the hopping pattern, assign a TFC number (between 1 to 15) to the pattern and click OK.
omize a hopping pattern, set the TF Code to User Dened. You can dene a hopping pattern by
Process Preferences
This dialog box is displayed when you click Process Preferences in the Setup tab (UWB-WiMedia) in the custom mode. The dialog box displays several parameters. In the custom mode, all these parameters can be set for each PPDU or packet listed in the PPDUs in Group table. The elds corresponding to the parameters are editable and take either Binary or Hexadecimal values. You can change these values and
e your values when the packet is processed. When the parameters are enabled, the software uses your
us values while processing the packet. When the parameters are disabled, the software uses calculated v alues while processing the packet.
64 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Process Preferences
Table 24: Process preferences
Selection
FCS If selected, processes the FCS value
HCS If selected, processes the HCS value
olomon
Reed-S
PHY header tail bits
Pad bits
FCS tail bits If selected, processes the FCS header
HCS tail bits If selected, processes the HCS tail
Description
e eld. If cleared, the default
set in th value for FCS value is used.
set in the eld. If cleared, the default
or HCS v alue is used.
value f
cted, processes the
If sele Reed-Solomon value set in the eld. If cleared, the default value for
Solomon value is used.
Reed-
ected, processes the PHY header
If se l tail bits value set in the eld. If cleared, the default value for PHY header tail
is used.
bits
elected, processes the Pad tail bits
If s value set in the eld. If cleared, the default value for Pad bits is used.
il bits value set in the eld. If cleared,
ta the default value for FCS header tail bits is used.
its value set in the eld. If cleared,
b the default value for HCS header tail bits is used.
Default value
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
Enabled
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 65
Operating Basics Custom Settings
Table 24: Process preferences (cont.)
Selection
Reed-Solomon tail bits If selected, processes the
Reserved bits
xxx
When you click Process This Packet in the custom mode, the software processes the packet and displays the output in the elds.
Custom Settings
This dialog box is displayed when you click Rate (Selected PPDU Details) in the Setup tab (UWB-WiMedia) in the Custom mode. It displays the custom settings that directly affect the data rate of the selected PPDU.
Description
Reed-Solomon tail bits value set in the eld. If cleared, the default value for Reed-Solomon tail bits is used.
If selected, processes the Reserved bits value set in the eld. If cleared, the default value for Reserved bits value is used.
Default value
Enabled
Enabled
The settings in the custom mode are as follows:
Table 25: Custom s
Selection
Modulation
Convolution encoder Select the convolution encoder and
ettings
Description
Select the modulation to QPSK or DCM.
set it to one of t 1/3, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4.
he following selections:
Default value
QPSK
Enabled, 5/8
66 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Custom Settings
Table 25: Custom settings (cont.)
Selection
Interleaver
Conjugate symmetry Select or clear conjugate symmetry.
Time domain spreading
xxx
Description
Select or clear interleaver.
Select or clear time domain spreading.
Default value
Enabled
Disabled
Enabled
The following table lists the PSDU data rate-dependent modulation parameters.
Table 26: PSDU data rate-dependent modulation parameters
Data rate (Mb/s)
53.3
80
106.7
160
200
320
400
480
xxx
Modulation
Coding rate Conjugate
QPSK 1/3
QPSK 1/2
QPSK 1/3
QPSK 1/2
QPSK 5/8
DCM 1/2
DCM 5/8
M
DC
3/
symmetr
y
Yes Yes
Yes Yes
No Yes
No Yes
No Yes
No No
No No
4
No No
TDS
NOTE. If you select one of the standard settings that results in a standard data rate, the MAC for the data rate takes the bits from the standard. If the setting results in a nonstandard data rate, the bit setting is " 11111".
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 67
Operating Basics Frame Payload
Frame Payload
This dialog box is displayed when you click Frame Payload (Selected PPDU Details) in the Setup tab (UWB-WMedia) in the Custom mode.
Table 27: Frame payload options
Selection
Source Select the source for the data to be transmitted from the
File
Packet Data Length Displays the packet data length. Used with the payload data
xxx
Description
following selections: WiMedia Spec Example, All 0, All 1, PRBS 7, PRBS 9, PRBS 15, PRBS 16, PRBS 20, PRBS 21, PRBS 23, and From File.
Select the le to be used by entering the path or browsing to the le. Uses the specied le (.txt or .dat) as the source of data to be transmitted.
length and the number of packets to calculate the data to be sent in one packet.
The following conditions must be met for a valid le:
Any A
SCII le, delimited or not, can be used as the data source.
The next bit is generated by reading the le until a 0, 1, x, or X character is found. 0 and 1 will add the
responding bit to the sequence while the x and X character will add a new random bit.
cor
Any other intermediate character is ignored.
When the end of the le is reached, the le is read again from the beginning, based on the Record Length.
The data can be organized in columns or rows.
Any number of space, tab, comma characters can be used as a delimiter.
Empty lines or invalid lines at the beginning and end of the le are ignored.
68 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Compile Settings for the Radar Application
CompileSettingsfortheRadarApplication
Waveform > Compile Settings
To specify compilation settings for the currently active Waveform Setup, click Compile Settings to display the dialog box.
RFXpress supports generation of two signal types. The number of waveforms generated varies depending on the signal format selected.
Baseband signals (IQ format). When the IQ signal format is selected, two baseband waveforms I and Q are generated. You must specify the names of each waveform.
RF signals (IF/RF form at). When the RF signal format is selected, the baseband waveforms I and Q are also generated. So after compiling, three different les are generated.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 69
Operating Basics Compile Settings for the Radar Application
For example, if the waveform name is Test, the generated waveforms are: Test_1_I, Test_1_Q, and Test_1_RF, where the number indicates the pulse index.
Table 28: Compile settings for radar
Selection Description Range, default value
Compile Button Preferences
Compiles and sends to: Compiles the currently active
waveform se specied channel.
Compiles only Compiles the currently active
waveform setup.
Signal Format
IQ Sets the signal format to IQ. N/A
IF/RF Sets the signal format to IF/RF. N/A
Pulse name:
ng Rate
Sampli
ampling
Overs
Automatic
Correction Files
n compiling, apply correction
Whe les to these channels: Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4.
r two-channel instruments, only
Fo Ch1andCh2arevisible.
WG Run Mode
A
Continuous
Enter the name of the pulse to be genera
Specif
This is available only when Automatic is dis
Auto Rate and Oversampling based on the setup parameters and the AWG mode the values directly.
Available and enabled for each channel on the instrument. When a
annel is selected, the corrections
ch are applied from the le during compilation. If no le exists, you
e prompted to either create a
ar correction le in the Calibration window, or compile without applying
orrection les.
c
When selected, the application uses the Continuous mode during compilation.
AWG70000A series instruments without Option 03, Continuous is the default setting.
AWG7000 B/C series instruments without Option 08, Continuous is the default setting.
tup and sends it to the
ted after compilation.
y the sampling rate.
abled.
matically calculates the Sample
l. Disable this option to enter
Ch1
N/A
Waveform1
Automatic
Automatic
Enabled
abled
Dis
70 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Add Pulse Groups
Table 28: Compile settings for radar (cont.)
Selection Description Range, default value
Sequence
Adjust Pulse Time/Frequency Parameters
Time parameters
Frequency parameters
Overwrite waveform in RFXpress list
I Invert
Q Invert When selected, inverts the phase of
xxx
When selected, the application uses the Sequence mode during compilation.
AWG70000A series instruments require Option 03.
AWG7000 B/C series instruments with Option 08, Sequence is the default setting.
Adjust the pulse parameters of the signal to meet the AWG requirements like granularity, minimum sequence waveform length, coherency, and so on.
When selected, overwrites any existing waveform of the same name in the w aveform list. When this option is disabled, you are prompted to enter a waveform le name.
When selected, inverts the phase of the I signal.
the Q signal.
Time parameters
Enabled
Disabled
Disabled
Click Compile to compile the waveform. A progress bar is displayed during compilation. You can abort
compilation by clicking Cancel.
the
Add Pulse Groups
The Radar module allows to add two or more pulse groups. The time window of the largest pulse group
n the list will have all the pulses added together.
i
NOTE. Dead time is not a part of the added pulse groups.
In the radar module, click the Pulse tab and click Add Pulse Groups. This dialog box is displayed.
A table displays the pulses that make the pulse train. In the Check to add pulse column, select the pulse groups to add together. You can use the Check All button to select all pulse groups and Uncheck All to deselect all pulse groups.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 71
Operating Basics Compile Settings for OFDM
Compile Settings for OFDM
To specify compilation settings for the currently active Waveform Setup, click Compile Settings to display the dialog box.
Waveform > Compile Settings
To specify compilation settings for the currently active Waveform Setup, click Compile Settings.
RFXpress supports generation of two signal types. The number of waveforms generated varies d on the signal format selected.
Baseband signals (IQ format). When the IQ signal format is selected, the waveforms are generated based on various parameters. If the AWG Run mode is set to Continuous, then two or three waveforms are generated. If phase noise and multipath are not specifie packet. Spacing waveforms are also generated.
RF signals (IF/RF format). When the RF signal format is selected, the baseband waveforms I and Q are also g enerated. So after compiling, three different les are generated.
72 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
d, then a waveform is created for each
epending
Operating Basics Compile Settings for OFDM
The Compile Button Prefs option is available only when an AWG instrument is detected.
Table 29: Compile settings for OFDM
Selection Description Range, default value
Compile Button Preferences
Compiles and sends to: Compiles the currently active
waveform setup and sends it to the specied channel.
Compiles only Compiles the currently active
waveform setup.
Signal Form at
IF/RF Sets the signal format to IF/RF. N/A
IQ Sets the signal format to IQ. N/A
Waveform name Enter the name of the waveform to
be generated after compilation.
Sampling Rate Specify the sampling rate.
Oversampling
Automatic
Correction Files
When compiling, apply correction les to these channels: Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4.
AWG Run Mode
Continuous
This is available only when Automatic is disabled.
Automatically calculates the Sample Rate and Oversampling based on the setup parameters and the AWG model. Disable this option to enter the values directly.
Available and enabled for each channel on the instrument. For two-channel instruments, only Ch1 and Ch2 are visible. When a channel is selected, the corrections are applied from the le during compilation. If no le exists, you are prompted to either create a correction le in the Calibration window, or compile without applying correction les.
When selected, the application uses the Continuous mode during compilation.
AWG70000A series instruments without Option 03, Continuous is the default setting.
AWG7000 B/C series instruments without Option 08, Continuous is the default setting.
Ch1
N/A
Waveform1
Automatic
Enabled
Disabled
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 73
Operating Basics Reed Solomon Coding
Table 29: Compile settings for OFDM (cont.)
Selection Description Range, default value
Sequence
Overwrite waveform in RFXpress list
I Invert
Q Invert When selected, inverts the phase of
xxx
When selected, the application uses the Sequence mode during compilation.
AWG70000A series instruments require Option 03.
AWG7000 B/C series instruments with Option 08, Sequence is the default setting.
When selected, overwrites any existing waveform of the same name in the waveform list. When this option is disabled, you are prompted to enter a waveform le name.
When selected, inverts the phase of the I signal.
the Q signal.
Enabled
Disabled
Disabled
Click Compile to compile the waveform. A progress bar is displayed during compilation. You can abort the compilation by clicking Cancel.
Reed Solomon Coding
Reed Solomon (RS) codes are a block-based error-correcting mechanism in a wide range of applications in digital transmission and storage. The Reed Solomon encoder takes a block of data and adds extra redundant bits. A block of Reed Solomon codes shown in the following gure consists of “K” information symbols added by “2t” parity symbols to make an N symbol codeword. The RS decoder can correct up to “t” symbols that contain errors in the codeword, and specied as RS(N,K). For a symbol size of m-bits, the maximum codeword length is N=2m-1.
RFXpress uses a generic Reed-Solomon encoder, whose characteristics can be altered by modifying the parameters. They are: Number of symbols (K), length of parity symbol (2t), number of bits per symbol (m), primitive polynomial p(x), and the initial power of the primitive element (b). The generator polynomial P(x) is automatically generated by RFXpress.
74 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Reed Solomon Coding
A Reed Solomon code is constructed by forming the code generator polynomial g(x), consisting of 2t (or N–K) factors.
Generator polynomial g(x)= g(x)= (x–α
)(x-α
b+1
)(x–α
b+2
)…… (x-α
b+2t–1
)
b
where alpha is the primitive element.
Based on the application, b can take different values, and thus starting roots with different power. The starting value of b can be set using initial power of the primitive element which is provided as an input to RFXpress.
To use Reed Solomon coding:
1. Click the Basic Setup tab and dene the base data.
2. For eac
h base data, you can set Reed Solomon coding. Select Reed Solomon Coding and click
Tur n O n. Set the following parameters:
Table 30: Reed-Solomon coding options
ction
Sele
per Symbol
Bits
ut number of
Inp Symbols
Encoded number of Symbols
Primitive Polynomial Enter the primitive polynomial. None, X8+X4+X3+X2+1
Initial power of the
rimitive element (b)
p
Generator Polynomial
xxx
Description
r the number of bits in a symbol (m in the equation).
Ente
er the number of symbols (K in the equation).
Ent
Enter the encoded number of symbols.
N, N=K+2t, where 2t is the number of parity symbols. Note the
mber of parity symbols has to be even, thus N-K has to be even.
nu
Enter the power (index) of the primitive polynomial.
Displays the polynomial based on the inputs provided. X6+126X5+4X4+
e, default value
Rang
1to16,8
1 to 100000, 17
50000, 23
1to
0 to 100, 1
158X3+58X2+49X1+117
3. Click Apply.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 75
Operating Basics Scramble Editor
Scramble Editor
You can apply scrambling on the dened data. The initial seed and the polynomial expression are required for the scrambling to be applied.
Scramblers a
re used in wireless standards to randomize the bits. This is done to avoid long sequence of
ones and zeros.
1. Click the Basic Setup tab, and select Scramble Editor. Set the following parameters
Table 31: Scramble editor options
Selection
Scramble polynomial express
Shift register initial value Enter values in the shift registers to create the sequence. The
xxx
Description
Enter an expression in the format Xn1+Xn2+1 to generate the scramble sequence. The value of Xn ranges between 1 and 31.
registers D1 through D31 can take the values 0 and 1.
Default value
X31+X30+ =0
D1–D31
2. Click OK.
76 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Convolution Coding
Convolution Coding
The Convolution Coding dialog box is displayed when you click Convolution Coding... in the Basic Setup tab (OFDM).
Convolutional code is a type of error-correcting code in which:
Each m-bit information symbol (each m-bit string) to be encoded is transformed into an n-bit symbol, where m/n is the code rate (n m). So in a 1/2 mother rate, for every bit we have two bit output.
The transformation is a function of the last k information symbols, where k is the constraint length of thecode. Thenumberofstageskisdefi ned in the shift register.
1. Click t
he Basic Setup tab, and dene the base data.
2. For each Base Data, you can set Convolution coding. Select Convolution Coding... to dene the g, then lick Tu r n O n. You can also quickly turn on the coding by clicking the check box in the
codin Convolution Coding... button. Set the following parameters:
Table 32: Convolution coding options
ction
Sele
straint
Con
Mother Rate
lynomial Value (Octal)
Po
Puncturing Scheme Dene the puncturing scheme by changing the values in the
xxx
uncturing is a process of omitting some of the encoded bits in the transmitter, thereby reducing the
P
Description
er the length of the constraint.
Ent
ect from the following: 1/2, 1/3. 1/4, 1/5.
Sel
ter the values (in Octal) in the table. The number of rows in
En the table depends on the selected Mother Rate.
table to 0.
e, default value
Rang
1to10,1
1/2
number of transmitted bits. This is done to obtain higher data rates.
3. Click OK.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 77
Operating Basics Tone Nulling
Tone Nulling
The Tone Nulling dialog box is displayed when you click Tone Nulling in the Symbol tab (OFDM). For the selected symbol, the tone nulling table shows the carrier index, the amplitude (dB), and the phase (degrees).
Click Tur n O n. The amplitude and phase elds are editable. Double-click the eld and enter a new amplitude for the selected carrier. The amplitude values range from –40 dB to +20 dB, with the default at 0 dB. The p
hase values range from –180° to +180°, with the default at 0°. If a user-dened le is the input (specied in User-dened Frequency Weight), the number of carriers shown depends on the I and Q values in the le.
Frequency Hopping
The Frequency Hopping dialog box is displayed when you click Frequency Hopping in the Packets tab (OFDM).
1. Click the Packets tab.
a. Add the number of packets required. At least one packet is present in the table by default.
b. Specify the packet parameters.
2. For each packet, you can set frequency hopping.
a. Select Frequency Hopping and click Tur n On .
b. Set the following parameters:
Table 33: Frequency hopping options
Selection
Start Symbol ID
End Symbol ID
Frequency Offset (± MHz)
Relative Amplitude (± dB)
xxx
Description
Enter the symbol at which to start hopping. The start symbol cannot be greater then the end symbol.
Enter the symbol at which to end hopping.
Enter the relative frequency at which to hop. The frequency offset can be positive o r negative.
Enter the relative amplitude at which to hop. The amplitude can be positive or negative.
Range, default value
N/A
N/A
Depends on the instrument and options, 0kHz
–60 to 0 dB, 0 dB
3. Enable Repeat frequency/amplitude hopping to repeat the frequency offset and relative amplitude
values for all the pulses. When disabled, the frequency offset and relative amplitude values are used for only those symbols and 0 is used for all other symbols.
4. Click OK.
78 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Gated Noise
Gated Noise
The Gated Noise dialog box is displayed when you click Gated Noise in the Packets tab (OFDM).
You can apply gated noise to either certain segments of the packets or through a range of symbols. You can dene a range of symbols to which to apply noise.
A negative signal-to-noise value indicates that the noise added will be greater than the signal amplitude. Conversely, a positive signal-to-noise value indicates that the noise added will be smaller than the signal amplitude.
1. Click the Packets tab.
a. Add the number of packets required. At least one packet is present in the table by default.
b. Specify the packet parameters.
2. For each packet, set gated noise.
a. Select G
ated Noise and click Tur n O n.
b. Set the following parameters:
Table 34: Gated noise options
Selection
Start Symbol ID
End Symbol ID
S/N (dB)
xxx
3. Sel
ect Repeat gated noise to repeat the S/N (signal-to-noise ratio) values for all the symbols. When
Description
Enter the symbol at which to apply noise. The start symbol cannot be greater than the end symbol.
Enter the symbol at which to end the noise.
Enter the signal-to-noise ratio to be applied. The value can be positive or negative.
disabled, the S/N values are used for only those symbols and 0 is used for all other symbols.
ick OK.
4. Cl
Compile Settings for Environment Signals
Waveform > Compile Settings
To specify compilation settings for the currently active Waveform Setup, click Compile Settings to display the dialog box.
Range, default value
N/A
N/A
–60 to +60 dB, 20 dB
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 79
Operating Basics Compile Settings for Environment Signals
RFXpress supports generation of two signal types. The number of waveforms generated varies depending on the signal format selected:
Baseband signals (IQ format). When the IQ signal format is selected, the waveforms are generated based on various parameters. If AWG Run Mode is set to Continuous, then two waveforms are generated.
RF signals (IF/RF format). When the RF signal format is selected, the baseband waveforms I and Q are also generated. After compiling, three different les are generated.
80 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Compile Settings for Environment Signals
Table 35: Compile settings for Environment
Selection Description Range, default
Waveform leng
Automatic Automatically calculates the
Compile Button Preferences
Compiles and sends to: Compiles the currently active
Compiles
Signal Form at
IQ Sets the signal format to IQ. N/A
IF/RF Sets the signal format to IF/RF. N/A
Waveform name Enter the name of the waveform to
Sampling Rate Specify the sampling rate.
Automatic
rection Files
Cor
When compiling, apply correction
es to these channels: Ch1, Ch2,
l Ch3, Ch4.
AWG Run Mode
th:
only
Species the t the resulting waveform. It can be expressed as Time only.
waveform length based on the setup parameters. length, disable this option.
waveform setup and sends it to the specied c
Compiles waveform setup.
be generated after compilation.
Automatically calculates the Sample
and Oversampling based on
Rate the setup parameters and the AWG model. Disable this option to enter
values directly.
the
ailable and enabled for each
Av channel on the instrument. For two-channel instruments, only
1 and Ch2 a re visible. When a
Ch channel is selected, the corrections are applied from the le during
ompilation. If no le exists, you
c are prompted to either create a correction le in the Calibration
indow, or compile without applying
w correction les.
ime domain length of
To enter the waveform
hannel.
the currently active
Determined by the maximum waveform memo
Enabled
Ch1
N/A
Waveform1
Automatic
Enabled
Disabled
value
ry of the instrument
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 81
Operating Basics Radar Congure
Table 35: Compile settings for Environment (cont.)
Selection Description Range, default value
Continuous
Sequence
Overwrite waveform in RFXpress list
Periodically repeat for integer multiples only
xxx
When selected, the application uses the Continuous mode during compilation.
AWG70000A series instruments without Option 03, Continuous is the default setting.
AWG7000 B/C series instruments without Option 08, Continuous is the default setting.
When selected, the application uses the Sequence mode during compilation.
AWG70000A series instruments require Option 03.
AWG7000 B/C series instruments with Option 08, Sequence is the default setting.
When selected, overwrites any existing waveform of the same name in the waveform list. When this option is disabled, you are prompted to enter a waveform le name.
This option works with the Periodically Extend check box in the conguration box for each Environment signal element. (For more information, see Conguring
Basic Settings (see page 173).)
If you select this option and Periodically Extend,thewaveform is repeated X number of times (where X is an integer) until the total duration of the waveform is less than or equal to the nal waveform duration.
Enabled
Disabled
Click Compile to compile the waveform. A progress bar is displayed during compilation. You can abort the compilation by clicking Cancel.
Radar Congure
The Radar Congure dialog box lets you congure interference parameters for a Radar signal that you add to an Environment signal. Follow these steps to congure the signal:
82 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Operating Basics Radar Congure
1. Click Environment from the toolbar.
2. Double-click Radar in the list of signal types.
3. In the Radar conguration box, click Congure.
4. Set the following parameters:
Table 36: Radar Congure options
Item Descriptio
Pulse Width Enter the pulse width. Based on the instrument
Pulse Offtime Enter the offtime.
Pulse Repetition
xxx
5. To c onfig
ure more advanced options for the Radar signal, click Advanced.
Enter the number of repetitions.
n
Range, defa
and options 1 μs
Based on th and options installed, 10 μs
Based on the instrument and options installed, 1
ult value
installed,
e instrument
The advanced Radar Congure window opens. For information on this window, see Carrier Setup
ge
(see pa
141).
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 83
Operating Basics Radar Congure
84 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Creating a Generic Signal Single Carrier
Single Carrier
In the Setup tab (Generic Signal) by default, Single Carrier is selected in the Carriers eld. A carrier is displayed in the carrier table and is selected. When Single Carrier is selected, you cannot add another carrier; you must switch to Multi Carrier to add another carrier.
IF/RF Signa
l
When the signal type is IF/RF, the table displays the following: Carrier number, Frequency (MHz), Amplitude
(dBm), Symbol rate (MHz), Modulation, Filter, Alpha/B*T parameter, and State (ON by
default).
The Single Carrier group options show Frequency in Hz and Amplitude in dBm in 50 load.
Table 37: Single carrier group options for IF/RF signal
Selection
Signal type: IF/RF
Frequency (Hz) Enter the carrier frequency in Hz.
Amplitude (dBm) Enter the amplitude of output signal in dB.
xxx
Description
Range, default value
Depends on the instrument bandwidth, 10M
–100.00 dBm to +30 dBm, 0
IQ Signal
When the s ignal type is IQ, the table displays the following: Carrier number, Offset (MHz), Amplitude (V
), Symbol rate (MHz), Modulation, Filter, Alpha/B*T parameter, and State (ON by default).
RMS
The Single Carrier group options show Baseband Offset in Hz and Amplitude in V
le 38: Single carrier group options for IQ signal
Tab
cription
Selection
Des
Signal type: IQ
Baseband Offset (MHz) Enter the carrier frequency offset in Hz.
Amplitude (V
xxx
) Enter the amplitude of output signal in V
RMS
RMS
Range, default value
pends on the instrument bandwidth, 0
De
to5V
0
.
RMS
,1
RMS
.
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 85
Creating a Generic Signal Multi Carriers
NOTE. None of the items in the shortcut menu are available in the single carrier table.
Multi Carriers
In the Setup tab (Generic Signal), select Multi Carrier in the Carriers eld. An anchor carrier is displayed in the table. To add a carrier, in the Add Carrier eld, type the number of carriers to add. The maximum number of carriers you can have in the table is 1024. Each row in the table corresponds to one carrier. If you try to en
A signal must be repeated to obtain a continuous output for AWGs. To avoid discontinuities at the transitio all the “wrap-around” artifacts. For a modulated carrier, to have a signal free of wrap-around artifacts, a set of conditions must be met by the signal:
An integer number of carrier cycles must be available in the segment for any given carrier.
ter m ore than 1024 carriers, you are reminded that the maximum number of carriers is 1024.
n between the end and the beginning of any pair of segments, the application takes care to avoid
An integ
In general, it is difcult to meet these criteria for any given set of carriers if the record length in the target
ment is a nite and integer number. This means that some rounding must be performed. You can
instru select one of the carriers as an anchor carrier to act as a reference. The application calculates the output clock (sampling rate) to preserve some of the frequency c haracteristics of the anchor carrier. If record length is expressed in samples, the carrier fre quency is preserved. If record length is expressed in symbols, the symbol rate is the preserved. The actual clock output is also inuenced by the maximum carrier frequency in the carrier table and the oversampling fac tor. The actual values for carrier frequencies and
ol rates are shown in the carrier table after compilation.
symb
NOTE. For each carrier, you can dene the parameters in each of the tabs: Setup, Hopping, Power Ramping, I/Q Impairments, Distortion Addition, Multi-Path, and Interference Addition.
er number of symbols must be available in the segment for any given carrier.
IF/RF Signal
When the signal type is IF/RF, the table displays the following: Carrier number, Frequency (MHz), Amplitude (dBm), Symbol rate (MHz), Modulation, Filter, Alpha/B*T parameter, and State (ON by default).
Select the Base Data group options allow you add carriers based on:
(see page 89) and set the Amplitude in dBm in 50-ohm load. The Multi Carrier
Center frequency, where y ou must provide the Center frequency and Bandwidth.
Range, where you must provide the Base Frequency and Carrier Spacing.
86 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
Creating a Generic Signal Editing Carrier Details
Table 39: Multi carrier group options for I F/RF signal
Selection
Signal type: I
Center
Center Frequ
Bandwidth (Hz) Enter the bandwidth of the carrier.
Range
Base frequ
Carrier spacing (Hz)
Phase shift Enter the phase shift between the
Random When selected, uses a random phase
xxx
F/RF
ency (Hz)
ency (Hz)
Description
Enter the cen carrier.
Enter the b carriers.
Enter the
carriers (degrees). Disabled when Random i
shift v
ter frequency of the
ase frequency of the
spacing between carriers.
s selected.
alue.
Range, default
1 Hz to the maximum supported by the AWG, 50 MH
1Hztothema the AWG, 100 MHz
1 Hz to the maximum supported by the AWG, 10
1Hztothe the AWG, 10 MHz
–180° to +180°, 0°
Disabled
value
z
ximum supported by
MHz
maximum supported by
IQ Signal
When the s ignal type is IQ, the table displays the following: Carrier number, Offset (MHz), Amplitude (V
), Symbol rate (MHz), Modulation, Filter, Alpha/B*T parameter, and State (ON by default).
RMS
Select the Base Data
(see page 89) and set the Amplitude in V
you to enter the Initial Offset (Hz) and Carrier Spacing (Hz).
Table 40: Multi carrier group options for IQ signal
Selection
Signal type: IQ
Initial Offset (Hz) Enter the initial offset of the carriers.
Carrier Spacing (Hz) Enter the frequency spacing between
xxx
Editing Carrier Details
If you have more than one carrier and you select a carrier in the table, the Multi Carrier options change to Selected Carrier options. You can set the options for each selected carrier. To edit carrier parameters, highlight the carrier in the table, and then do one of the following:
Description
arriers.
c
. The Multi Carrier group options allow
RMS
Range, default value
Depends on the instrument bandwidth
1 Hz to the maximum supported by the AWG, 10 MHz
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual 87
Creating a Generic Signal Editing Carrier Details
Change the values directly in the elds for the selected carrier. As you change the values in the elds, the new values are committed immediately.
In the table, double-click the parameter that you want to change and directly enter new values. If you select File1 (samples), File2 (Symbols) or File3 (Maps), the corresponding dialog boxes open for you to edit the valu
es. Changing the State to ON or OFF includes or excludes the carrier during compilation.
The Add, Delete and Set Anchor buttons work as follows:
Table 41: Carrier editing options
Selection
Add
Delete
Set Anchor Sets the selected carrier as the anchor carrier.
xxx
Description
Adds one or more carriers to the table. All of the carrier parameters use default states.
Deletes the selected carrier from the table. Select multiple carriers using the Shift or Control keys and dragging the pointer. The carriers are renumbered when you delete a carrier from w ithin the sequence.
By default, the rst carrier in the table is the anchor carrier.
State
Add is always enabled.
Delete is disabled when an empty row or no carrier is selected in the table.
Set anchor is disabled when an empty row or no carrier is selected in the table.
NOTE. When you add more than one carrier at a time, the Setup tab automatically shows options to allow adding multiple carriers.
If you change from Multi Carrier to Single Carrier, the following message appears: The current anchor carrier will become the single carrier. Do you want to continue? You can click Continue and make the anchor carrier the only carrier in the single carrier mode. You can click Cancel to cancel the operation.
Edit operations are available in the shortcut menu (when you right-click a selected carrier in the table). The available operations are: Cut, Copy, Paste, Delete, Delete All, and Set Anchor.
Table 42: Editing options in the shortcut menu
Selection
Cut Cuts the current selected row
Copy Copies the current selected row
Paste
Delete
Description
(carrier) and copies the contents to clipboard.
(carrier) and copies the contents to clipboard.
Pastes the contents from memory on to the selected row or carrier (replaces the selected row).
Deletes the selected row (carrier).
State
Enabled when a carrier is selected.
Enabled when a carrier is selected.
Enabled only after a cut or copy operation.
Enabled when a carrier is selected.
88 RFXpress RFX100 User Manual
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