x
RFXpress® RFX100
Advanced RF/IF/IQ Waveform Creation and Editing Software
for the AWG70000, AWG5000 & AWG7000 Series Signal
Generators
ZZZ
Quick Start User Manual
*P077015911*
077-0159-11
xx
RFXpress® RFX100
Advanced RF/IF/IQ Waveform Creation and Editing Software
for the AWG70000, AWG5000 & AWG7000 Series Signal
Generators
ZZZ
Quick Start User Manual
www.tektronix.com
077-0159-11
Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are
protected by na
tional copyright laws and international treaty provisions.
Tektronix pro
ducts are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all
previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved.
TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.
MATLAB
RFXpress
®
. Copyright 1984 - 2008 The MathWorks, Inc.
®
RFX100 is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc.
Contacting Tektronix
Tektronix, Inc.
14150 SW Karl Braun Drive
P.O. Box 500
Beaverton, OR 97077
USA
For product information, sales, service, and technical support:
In North America, call 1-800-833-9200.
Worldwide, visit www.tektronix.com to find contacts in your area.
Warranty
Tektronix warrants that the media on which this software product is furnished and the encoding of the programs on the media will be
free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3) months from the date of shipment. If any such medium or
encoding proves defective during the warranty period, Tektronix will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective medium.
Except as to the media on which this software product is furnished, this software product is provided “as is” without warranty of any
kind, either express or implied. Tektronix does not warrant that the functions contained in this software product will meet Customer's
requirements or that the operation of the programs will be uninterrupted or error-free.
In order to obtain s ervice under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty
period. If Tektronix is unable to provide a replacement that is free from defects in materials and workmanship within a reasonable
time thereafter, Customer may terminate the license for this software product and return this software product and any associated
materials for credit or refund.
THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX' RESPONSIBILITY TO REPLACE DEFECTIVE MEDIA OR REFUND
CUSTOMER'S PAYMENT IS THE SOLE A ND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF
THIS WARRANTY. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT B E LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDO R HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
[W9b – 15AUG04]
Table of Contents
General safety summary ..... . . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . ...... . . . . . ...... . . . . ...... . . . . . ..... . . . . . ...... iii
Preface................................................................................................................................. v
Key Features.....................................................................................................................vi
Documentation .................................................................................................................. vii
Conventions Used in This Manual....... . . . . ....... . . . . . ...... . . . . ....... . . . . ...... . . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . ...... . . . . . ..... viii
Installation.............................................................................................................................. 1
AWG70000 Series configurationutility .......................................................................................... 1
Starting the Software.............................................................................................................2
Closing the Software............................................................................................................. 2
Software Upgrades. ....... . . . . ...... . . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . ...... . . . . . ..... . . . . . ...... . . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . ...... . . . . . . 2
Using the Software .................................................................................................................... 3
Getting Acquainted with the
Generating a Single Carrier Signal.... . . . . . ...... . . . . ...... . . . . . ...... . . . . ...... . . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . . 3
Generating a Multi-Carrier RF Signal . . . . ...... . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . ...... . . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . ... 5
Replay a Captured Waveform to TestReceivers .............................................................................. 11
Calibrating a Generic RF Signal... . . . . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . ...... . . . . . ..... . . . . . ...... . . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . ..... 16
Calibrating a Generic IQ Signal... . . . . . . ....... . . . . ........ . . . . ...... . . . . . ...... . . . . . ....... . . . . . ....... . . . . ........ . . . . ...... . . 23
Applying Calibration to an Imported Custom Signal . ...... . . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . ...... . . . . . ..... . . . . . ...... . . . . . ....... . . 29
Characterizing a Low-pass Wideband Filter (DUT). . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . 35
Creating a UWB Waveform to Test Your Receivers ........................................................................... 40
Application Examples: Generic Signal.. . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . ...... . . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . .....42
Simulating a Multi-Path Environment for a Generic Signal. . . . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . ...... . . . . . 42
Creating a Hopping Waveform to Test Radio Signal Identification and Detection Systems ................................. 44
S-Parameter Emulation of a High Pass Filter.................................................................................. 48
Application Examples: UWB-WiMedia............................................................................................... 52
Characterize Receiver Design for Receiver Verification and Stress Test..................................................... 52
Using Calibration to Increase the Flatness of a UWB Signal Path to the DUT..... . . . . ...... . . . . . ....... . . . . . ..... . . . . . ..... 54
Introducing Real-World Impairments in a UWB Signal . . . . . ....... . . . . ...... . . . . . . ...... . . . . . ...... . . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . 57
Application Examples: Radar . . . . . ..... . . . . . ...... . . . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . ...... . . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . ...... . . . . . . ...... . . . .. 59
Generating an LFM Waveform with Coherent Carrier for Pulse Compression Radar.. . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . .... 59
Generating a Hopping Radar Waveform: Creating a Pulse-to-Pulse Frequency Hopping Signal.. . . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . 62
Creating Costa’s Modulation. ....... . . . . . ..... . . . . . ........ . . . . ...... . . . . . ....... . . . . . ..... . . . . . ........ . . . . ...... . . . . . ....... . . 67
Creating a Radar Waveform using Staggered PRI for Better R ange Ambiguity . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . . 70
Simulating Multiple Targets for Radar Receiver Testing (Different Pulse Groups) . ...... . . . . ....... . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . 72
Simulating a Scanning Antenna with a Gaussian Shape. . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . . 76
Application Examples: OFDM ....................................................................................................... 78
Create a TG3c Standard OFDM Symbol. . ..... . . . . . ...... . . . . ....... . . . . ...... . . . . ..... . . . . . ....... . . . . ...... . . . . ....... . . . . .. 78
Create a WiFi Signal using a Preset and Adding Impairments....... . . . . ...... . . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . . ....... . . . . ...... . . 83
Application Examples: Environment ................................................................................................ 86
Create a Radar Signal with Wi-Fi and WiMAX Interference....... . . . . ...... . . . . . ....... . . . . . ..... . . . . . ........ . . . . ...... . . . . . 86
Index
Table of Content
Software........................................................................................... 3
s
RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual i
Table of Content
s
ii RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual
General safety s
ummary
General safet
Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it.
To avoid potential hazards, use this product only as specified.
Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures.
While using this product, you may need to access other parts of a larger system. Read the safety sections of the other
component manuals for warnings and cautions related to operating the system.
To avoid fire or personal injury
Connect and disconnect properly. Do not connect or disconnect probes or test leads while they are connected
to a voltag
Ground the
To avoid electric shock, the grounding conductor must be connected to earth ground. Before making connections to the input
or output terminals of the product, ensure that the product is properly grounded.
Observe all terminal ratings. To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe all ratings and markings on the product. Consult the
product m
Power di
must remain accessible to the user at all times.
Do not operate without covers. Do not operate this product with covers or panels removed.
e source.
product.
anual for further ratings information before making connections to the product.
sconnect.
y summary
This product is indirectly grounded through the grounding conductor of the mainframe power cord.
The power cord disconnects the product from the power source. Do not block the power cord; it
Do not operate with suspected failures. If you suspect that there is damage to this product, have it inspected by
qualified service personnel.
Avoid exposed circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and components when power is present.
RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual iii
General safety s
Termsinthismanual
These terms may appear in this manual:
WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result in injury or loss of life.
CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to this product or other property.
ummary
iv RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual
Preface
This document is targeted to product users and explains operation and/or installation procedures. It also provides information
about features and functions, and applications.
You can use RFXpress to:
Design, debug, and develop wideband wireless communications receivers
Generate UWB-WiMedia compliant and custom signals
Generate general purpose digitally modulated IQ, IF, and RF signals
Tektronix arbitrary waveform generators
The RFXpress software is designed to work with the following Tektronix arbitrary waveform generators:
AWG70000A series arbitrary waveform generators.
AWG7000C series arbitrary waveform generators.
AWG7000 and AWG7000B series arbitrary waveform generators have not been fully tested with RFXpress version
5.0 and ab
ove. RFXpress version 4.x is recommended for these products.
Preface
AWG5000
C series arbitrary waveform generators.
AWG5000
5.0 and above. RFXpress version 4.x is recommended for these products.
and AWG5000B series arbitrary waveform generators have not been fully tested with RFXpress version
Running the software
The RFXpress software can be run in several ways.
RFXpress Installed on a PC and connected to an AWG70000A Series arbitrary waveform generator via a LAN connection.
You must use the AWG70000 Series configuration utility to prepare RFXpress for use with an AWG70000A Series
arbitrary waveform generator. (See page 1, AWG70000 Series configuration utility.)
An integral part of an AWG5000C or AWG7000C series arbitrary waveform generators (RFXpress installed on the AWG).
As a standalone product installed on a PC.
RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual v
Preface
Key Features
The RFXpress RFX100 is a software product that allows you to create digitally modulated baseband, IF, and RF signals that
can be generated through arbitrary waveform generators (AWG). This software allows you to:
Define baseband I and Q signals using various modulation schemes
Create single- and multi-carrier signals where each carrier is independently defined
Apply impairments such as quadrature error and imbalance or non-linear impairments
Add interferences during waveform creation
Remotely connect to Tektronix oscilloscopes and to an Agilent Performance Signal Generator (PSG®)
Remotely configure a Tektronix real-time spectrum analyzer and import I and Q trace data
Characterize a DUT and provide S-parameter emulation of RF components
Create multiple layers of modulation using subcarrier multiplexing
UWB-WiMedia
Direct RF generation of WiMedia BG1 to BG6 waveforms
Generate IQ and IF waveforms including band hopping for all band groups
Define the IF frequency, including TFC pattern
Generate WiMedia signals for MAC and PHY layers
Create UWB-WiMedia correction files, which can be automatically applied as compensation to accurately generate
s
signal
Use Gat
Create
edNoisetodefine noise profiles for each section of the UWB packet
tone nulling with intermediate values (–40 dB to +20 dB) for OFDM carrier mapping
vi RFXpress R FX100 Quick Start User Manual
Radar
Create single or multiple pulse groups forming a pulse train
Define each pulse group independently or add different pulse groups to simulate simultaneous multiple target returns
Create different predefined pulse shapes including user defined shapes for a pulse group
Display a dynamic pulse plot showing the pulse shape, droop, and ripple parameters
Have pulse-to-pulse hopping within a pulse group
Apply impairments like Edge Jitter, Width Jitter, Overshoot, Ripple and Droop on a pulse group
Apply different modulation schemes including user defined modulation
Use the sequence mode to optimize the memory and create large numbers of pulses
Define antenna beam profile and simulate target returns
Define a staggered PRI with ramp and user-defined profiles, and add up to ten multi-paths
OFDM
Ability to configure all parameters of O FDM
Preface
Docum
RFXpress RFX100 Help, English Tektronix part number 076-0081-XX
RFXpress RFX100 User Manual, English, (PDF)
RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual, English (PDF)
RFXpress RFX100 Programmer Online Help, English
RFXpress RFX100 Programmer Manual (PDF), English
Custom build OFDM frames right from defining the base data, symbols, packets, and frames
Support for Reed Solomon, Convolution coding and Scrambling
Add Impairments, Phase Noise, Multi-path, and Quantization
Define frequency hopping and gated noise
Support for a variety of sub-carrier modulation (BPSK, QPS K, Q AM (16,32,64,256), and 8-PSK
Support for Tone Nulling and Clipping
Presets for WiFi and WiMAX standards
entation
Tektronix part number 077-0045-XX
Tektronix part number 077-0159-XX
Tektronix part number 076-0216-XX
Tektronix part number 077-0435-XX
RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual vii
Preface
Conventions Used in This Manual
When steps require a sequence of selections using the software interface, the ">" delimiter marks each transition between a
menu and an option. For example, File > Save.
The document MultiBand OFDM Physical Layer Specification version 1.2 by WiMedia Alliance is referred to as the “WiMedia
standard” or “WiMedia specification”.
The term “DUT” refers to a device under test.
The terms “signal” and “waveform” are used interchangeably in this manual.
viii RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual
Installation
The RFXpress installation w izard installs the following software:
RFXpress RFX100 software (including MATLAB and .NET framework)
TekV I SA
You can uninstall RFXpress in either of the two ways:
From Start > Programs > Tektronix RFXpress > Uninstall RFXpress.
From Add/Remove programs in Control Panel.
Minimum PC requirements
The minimum PC requirements to run RFXpress are as follows:
Supported OS: Windows 7 Professional
Minimum requirements:
Installation
2.0 GHz or higher
512 MB RAM
2GBfreediskspace
(Up to 1 TB may be required, depending on waveform length)
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.01 or higher
.NET 4.0 runtime
AWG70000 Series configuration utility
To use RFXpress with an AWG70000 Series arbitrary waveform generator, you must run the AWG70000 Configuratio
Utility. This should be done before starting RFXpress. The utility only needs to be run once to provide RFXpress with the
AWG70000 Series model and its options. RFXpress stores these setting for all subsequent starts of RFXpress.
The configuration utility is located in the Tektronix RFXpress Program folder.
When the configuration utility starts, simply enter your AWG70000 Series model number and its options. This information
provides RFXpress with the information to properly adjust variables (such as sampling rate and waveform length) to
accommodate the features of the AWG70000 Series generators.
n
RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual 1
Installation
NOTE. All instrument information entered here must match your AWG70000 Series instrument exactly, including all options.
Any mismatch of
information will cause a an error when attempting to connect to the instrument.
Starting the Software
Start the software in either of the following ways:
From Start > Program Files > Tektronix
Double-click the RFXpress icon on your desktop.
Closing the Software
Click File > Exit to close the software.
Software Upgrades
Periodic software upgrades may become available. The software is operational only if you have a valid option key for the
specific instrument model and serial number.
To check for upgrades:
1. Go to w ww.tektronix.com/software.
2. Enter the product name (RFXpress).
RFXpress, click RFXpress.
2 RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual
Using the Softwa
re
Using the Soft
The procedures in this section show you how to use the software to create, compile, and graph signals.
ware
Getting Acquainted with the Software
Use the keyboard or mouse to make selections in the software.
Use menus, toolbars, check boxes, and on-screen buttons to control the software functions. Use Microsoft Windows
techniques to navigate menus and select or clear check boxes.
Generatin
g a Single Carrier Signal
This section shows you a step-by-step procedure for creating a single carrier QP SK baseband signal.
1. Start RFXpress.
2. From the toolbar, click Select > Generic
signal.
3. Set the signal type to IQ.
RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual 3
Using the Softwa
4. Click Carriers > Single Carrier.
5. Select the carrier and set the following:
6. Ensure that the following parameters are
set:
re
Baseband Offset to 0 Hz.
Amplitude to 1 Vrms.
Modulation is QPSK.
Filter is Raised Cosine.
Symbol rate is 1 MHz.
Alpha/B*T is 0.35.
Window is None.
Compiling a Signal
Follow these steps to compile and generate a signal using the parameters that you just defined.
1. From the toolbar, click Compile >
Compile Settings.
4 RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual
2. Retain the default values as they are.
Ensure that the Automatic options are
selected.
Using the Softwa
re
3. Click Compile
4. The compiled waveform is displayed in
the waveform list.
.
NOTE. If the waveform list is not visible, click Window > Waveform List to view it.
Generating a Multi-Carrier RF Signal
1. From the toolbar, click Select > Generic
signal.
2. Select the signal type as IF/RF.
RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual 5
Using the Softwa
3. Select Multi Carrier.
re
4. You can either
delete the existing carrier and add new
ones. Select the carrier in the table and
click Delete
5. Click Add ca
6. Click Range
10 M and the Carrier spacing to 10 M.
7. Click Add.
8. Select the first carrier from the table.
In the Setup tab, set the Base data to
PRBS and select 15 from the adjacent
field.
add carriers directly or
.
rriers and type 3.
. Set the Base frequency to
9. Set the Modulation forthecarrierto
QPSK.
10. Repeat steps 8 and 9 for the remaining
carriers, setting the Base data to
S 21 and PRBS 7, and Modulation
PRB
to QPSK.
6 RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual
Adding Power Ramping, I/Q Impairments, and Interference
Using the Softwa
re
1. Select the firs
the table. Select the Power
Ramping tab.
2. Select Turn on.
3. Set the Ramp parameters:
Function to Linear.
Time to 100 ns.
4. Set the Position parameters:
Symbol to 0.
Level to 0.00.
5. Click Add.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 two more
times, adding these parameters:
Symbol = 100
Level = –60 dB
and
t carrier from
Symbol
Level =
= 200
0dB
RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual 7
Using the Softwa
7. Select the second carrier
from the table. Select the I/Q
Impairments t
re
ab.
8. In the Carrie
select Turn on . Set the following
parameters:
I to 5.0.
Q to 5.0.
9. Select the third carrier from the
table. Select the Interference
Additi
r Leakage group,
on tab.
10. In the O
ffset group, select Turn
on.SettheFrequency to 10 M.
8 RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual
CompileSettingsandCompile
Using the Softwa
re
1. From the toolb
Compile Settings.
2. Clear Automatic.
3. Set the Waveform length to 500 k and
the units to sa m ples.
4. Clear Automatic.
5. Set the Oversampling to 6.00.
6. Click Compile.
ar, click Compile >
7. The compiled waveform is displayed in
veform list.
the wa
RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual 9
Using the Softwa
Previewing Graphs
re
1. From the toolb
2. In Graph S etup, select the folder and
click Add to add the following graphs:
Frequency Domain: Spectrum.
I Vs Q: Constellation.
Statistical: CCDF.
3. The graphs are added to the Selected
Graphs.
4. Click OK.
5. Click Graph Preview at the lower left of
the screen to view the graphs.
ar, click Graph.
10 RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual
Replay a Captured Waveform to Test Receivers
You can capture a real-world signal in a real-time spectrum analyzer and play it back in multiple locations to test your DUTs.
Import an RTSA File
1. Start RFXpress.
2. Ensure that the selected application is
set to Generic signal and the signal type
is IF/RF.
3. From the menu, click File>Importfrom
File.
Using the Softwa
re
4. Select iqt in the Files of type field.
5. Select an iqt file.
6. Select Set as baseband signal.
RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual 11
Using the Softwa
7. A message appears. Click Continue.
8. Click Open.
re
9. The wa
veform list displays the I and Q
signals.
10. O b serve that the Input File Sample
Rate automatically takes the v alue with
htheiqtfile was created.
whic
12 RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual
11. Select the first carrier and set the
following:
Frequency to 50 M.
Amplitude to 0 dBm.
Using the Softwa
re
12. Click Inte
rference Addition.Inthe
Sinusoidal Interference group, select
Turn on.
13. Set the following:
C/I to 0 dB.
Offset from Carrier to –10 M.
14. Select
the second carrier and repeat
steps 11 through 13.
RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual 13
Using the Softwa
15. Click Compile > Compile Settings.
Ensure that Automatic is selected.
16. Click Compile. The software uses the
default compi
waveform.
re
le settings to generate the
17. Add the following graphs in Graph Setup:
Frequency Domain: Spectrum.
Time Domain: I & Q.
18. Click OK.
14 RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual
19. The Spectrum graph is as shown.
Using the Softwa
re
RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual 15
Using the Softwa
re
Calibrating a Generic RF Signal
When creating signals for testing wideband receivers, it is important that the test equipment generate signals with flat
frequency and linear phase response. As the signal bandwidth is increased, because of the DAC roll-off and bandwidth
limitation of the arbitrary waveform generator, the signal that is created does not have flat frequency and linear phase
response. Calibration (predistortion) is applied to signals to correct amplitude and phase distortions.
1. Set up the instruments as shown. The
instruments must be c onnected over a
LAN.
You will need:
A Tektronix AWG7122C with Option
06, running RFXpress software.
or
A Tektronix AWG70000A Series
instrument with the RFXpress
software running on a PC
connected to the AWG70000A
Series instrument.
A Tektronix DPO oscilloscope to
capture the signal. Ensure that the
oscilloscope is calibrated.
Connecting cable.
2. Start RFXpress.
3. From the toolbar, click Select > Generic
signal and signal type to IF/RF.
4. For the carrier, set the following:
Base data to PRBS and User
Defined.
Frequency to 6 GHz.
Symbol rate to 3 GHz.
5. From the toolbar, click Compile >
Compile Settings.
16 RFXpress RFX100 Quick Start User Manual
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