Tektronix, Inc.
P.O. Box 500
Beaverton, Oregon 97077-0001
503 627-7111
Tektronix Model PA4000 Power Analyzer manual addendum.
WARNING - Risk of serious personal injury or death from electric shock. Please read
immediately before using your PA-4000.
The specification of the Tektronix Model PA-4000 has changed to 600 Vrms maximum.
Everywhere in this manual where a maximum voltage rating of 1000 Vrms is stated, it
should read 600 Vrms.
Your product should also be labeled for 600 Vrms maximum on the rear panel. If your
product is still labeled for 1000 Vrms, call your local Tektronix customer service center to
arrange a recall and correction of your instrument.
Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication
supersedes that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved.
TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.
Contacting Tektronix
Tektronix, Inc.
14150 SW Karl Braun Drive
P.O. Box 500
Beaverto
USA
For product information, sales, service, and technical support:
n, OR 97077
In North America, call 1-800-833-9200.
Worldwide, visit www.tektronix.com to find contacts in your area.
Warranty
Tektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three
(3) years from the date of shipment. If any such product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at
its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement
in exchange for the defective product. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty
work may be n
the property of Tektronix.
ew or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and products become
In order to o
the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsible
for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, with shipping
charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within
the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping
charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for product s returned to any other locations.
This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate
maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage
result
b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage
or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modified or
integrated with other p roducts when the effect of such modification or integration increases the time or difficulty
of servicing the product.
THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY
OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTIES O F MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
TRONIX' RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE
TEK
AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY.
TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS W IL L NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY IN DIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTR ONIX OR THE VENDOR H AS
ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
[W4 – 15AUG04]
btain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of
ing from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product;
Table of Contents
General safety summary .......... ................................ .................................. ..............vi
Compliance information .........................................................................................viii
Review the fo
this product or any products connected to it.
To avoid pot
Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures.
While using this product, you may need to access other parts of a larger system.
Read the safety sections of the other component manuals for warnings and
cautions r
Use proper power cord. Use only the power cord specified for this p roduct and
certified for the country of use.
Connect and disconnect properly. Do not connect or disconnect probes or test
leads while they are connected to a voltage source.
Connect and disconnect properly. De-energize the circuit under test before
connecting or disconnecting the current probe.
Ground the product. This product is grounded through the g rounding conductor
of the power cord. To avoid electric shock, the grounding conductor must be
connected to earth ground. Before making connections to the input or output
terminals of the product, ensure that the product is properly grounded.
llowing safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to
ential hazards, use this product only as specified.
elated to operating the system.
Observe all terminal ratings. To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe all ratings
and markings on the product. Consult the product manual for further ratings
information before making connections to the product.
Do not apply a potential to any terminal, including the common terminal, that
exceeds the maximum rating of that terminal.
Power disconnect. The power switch disconnects the product from the power
source. See instructions for the location. Do not block the power switch; it must
emain accessible to the user at all times.
r
Do not operate without covers. Do not operate this product with covers or panels
removed.
Do not operate with suspected failures. If you suspect that there is damage to this
product, have it inspected by qualified service personnel.
Avoid exposed circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and components when
power is present.
Use proper fuse. Use only the fuse type and rating specified for this product.
viPA4000 Power Analyzer
General safety summary
Terms in this manual
Symbols and terms on the
product
Do not operate i
Do not operate in an explosive a tmosphere.
Keep product surfaces clean and dry.
Provide prop
on installing the product so it has proper ventilation.
These terms may appear in this manual:
WAR NI NG .
in injury or loss of life.
CAUTION
damage to this product or other property.
These t
erms may appear on the product:
DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read
the ma
n wet/damp conditions.
er ventilation. Refer to the manual's installation instructions for details
Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result
. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in
rking.
WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you
the marking.
read
CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.
The following symbol(s) may appear on the product:
PA4000 Power Analyzervii
Compliance information
Compliance in
EMC compliance
EC Declaration of
Conformity – EMC
formation
This section
environmental standards with which the instrument complies.
Meets intent of Directive 2 004/108/EC for Electromagnetic Compatibility.
Compliance was demonstrated to the following specifications as listed in the
Official Journal of the European Communities:
EN 61326-1 2006. EMC requirements for electrical equipment for measurement,
control, and laboratory use.
CISPR 11:2003. Radiated and conducted emissions, Group 1, Class A
IEC 61000-4-4:2004. Electrical fast transient / burst im munity
IEC 61000-4-5:2001. Power line surge immunity
lists the EMC (electromagnetic compliance), safety, and
123
EC Declaration of
Conformity – EMC
IEC 61000-4-6:2003. Conducted RF immunity
IEC 61000-4-11:2004. Voltage dips and interruptions immunity
EN 61000-3-2:2006. AC power line harmonic emissions
EN 61000-3-3:1995. Voltage changes, fluctuations, and flicker
European contact.
Tektronix UK, Ltd.
Western Peninsula
West ern Road
Bracknell, RG12 1RF
United Kingdom
Meets intent of Directive 2 004/108/EC for Electromagnetic Compatibility.
Compliance was demonstrated to the following specifications as listed in the
Official Journal of the European Communities:
EN 61326-1:2006, EN 61326-2-1:2006. EMC requirements for electrical equipment
for measurement, control, and laboratory use.
CISPR 11:2003. Radiated and conducted emissions, Group 1, Class A
IEC 61000-4-4:2004. Electrical fast transient/burst immunity
IEC 61000-4-5:2001. Power line surge immunity
IEC 61000-4-6:2003. Conducted RF immunity
IEC 61000-4-11:2004. Voltage dips and interruptions immunity
4
EN 61000-3-2:2006. AC power line harmonic emissions
EN 61000-3
-3:1995. Vo ltage changes, fluctuations, and flicker
European contact.
Tektronix UK, Ltd.
Western Peninsula
Western Ro ad
Brackn
ell, RG12 1RF
United Kingdom
1
2
3
4
oduct is intended for use in nonresidential areas only. Use in residential areas may cause electromagnetic
This pr
interference.
ons which exceed the levels required by this standard may o ccur when this equipment is connected to a
Emissi
test object.
mpliance with the EMC standards listed here, high quality shielded interface cables should be used.
For co
Performance Criterion C applied at the 70%/25 cycle Voltage-Dip and the 0%/250 cycle Voltage-Interruption test
s (IEC 61000-4-11).
level
PA4000 Power Analyzerix
Compliance information
Safety compli
ance
EC Declaration of
Conformity – Low Voltage
U.S. natio
nally recognized
testing laboratory listing
Canadian certification
Additional compliances
Equipment type
Compliance was demonstrated to the following specification as listed in the
Official Journal of the European Communities:
Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC.
EN 61010-1: 2001. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for
measurement control and laboratory use.
UL 61010-1:2004, 2ndEdition. Standard for electrical measuring and test
equipment.
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1:2004. Safety requirements for electrical
equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use. Part 1.
IEC 61010-1: 2001. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for
measurement, control, and labor atory use.
nd measuring equipment.
Test a
Safety class
Pollution degree
description
Class 1 – grounded product.
A measure of the contaminants that could occur in the environment a round
and within a product. Typically the internal environment inside a product is
considered to be the same as the external. Products should be used only in the
environment for which they are rated.
Pollution Degree 1. No pollution or only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs.
Products in this category are generally encapsulated, hermetically sealed, or
catedincleanrooms.
lo
Pollution Degree 2. Norm ally only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs.
ccasionally a temporary conductivity that is caused by condensation must
O
be expected. This location is a typical office/home environment. Temporary
condensation occurs only when the product is out of service.
Pollution Degree 3. Conductive pollution, or dry, nonconductive pollution
that becomes conductive due to condensation. These are sheltered locations
where neither temperature nor humidity is controlled. The area is protected
from direct sunshine, rain, or direct wind.
Pollution Degree 4. Pollution that generates persistent conductivity through
conductive dust, rain, or snow. Typical outdoor locations.
xPA4000 Power Analyzer
Compliance information
Pollution d egr e e
Installation (overv oltage )
category descriptions
Overvoltage category
Pollution Degr
Terminals on this product may have different installation (overvoltage) category
designations. The installation categories are:
Measurement Category IV. For measurements performed at the source of
low-voltage installation.
Measurement Category III. For measurements performed in the building
installation.
Measurement Category II. For measurements perform ed on circuits directly
connected to the low-voltage installation.
Measurement Category I. For measurements performed on circuits not
directly connected to MAINS.
Overvol
ee 2 (as defined in IEC 61010-1). Note: Rated for indoor use only.
tage Category II (as defined in IEC 61010-1).
PA4000 Power Analyzerxi
Compliance information
Environmental considerations
This section provides information about the environmental impact of the product.
Product end-of-life
handling
Restriction of hazardous
substances
Observe the f
Equipment recycling. Production of this equipment required the extraction and
use of natural resources. The equipment may contain substances that could be
harmful to the environment or human health if improperly handled at the product’s
end of life. To avoid release of such substances into the environment and to
reduce the
an appropriate system that will ensure that most of the materials are reused or
recycled appropriately.
This pr
scope of the 2002/95/EC RoHS Directive.
ollowing guidelines when recycling an instrument or component:
use of natur al resources, w e encourage yo u to recycle this product in
This symbol indicates that this product complies with the applicable European
Union re
on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and batteries. For
information about recycling options, check the Support/Service section of the
Tektr on
oduct is classified as Monitoring and Control equipment, and is outside the
quirements according to Directives 2002/96/E C and 2006/66/EC
ixWebsite(www.tektronix.com).
xiiPA4000 Power Analyzer
Preface
Features and abilities
Preface
The Tektronix PA4000 is a powerful and versatile precision power analyzer.
Designed to provide clear and accurate measurements of electrical power and
energy on all electrical products, the PA4000 is both an easy to u se bench
instrument and a fast and programmable automatic test interface.
Basic features
Measures Watts, Volts, Amps, Volt-Amperes and Power Factor. Always
accurate, even on distorted waveforms.
100 harmonics for voltage, current, and Watts as standard.
1 to 4 channels for multiphase measurements.
Quick access to results, graphing and menus.
Built in 30 A and 1 A shunt.
Range of measurement from milliwatts to megawatts.
Bright color display.
Comprehensive range of computer interfaces including RS232, USB, GPIB
(optional) and Ethernet.
Data logging to USB memory device.
±15 V supply for external transducers (optional).
Easy-to-use menu system with context-sensitive help.
Built in math screen where any result can be manipulated and displayed. Ideal
for measu rements such as efficiency.
Package contents
The following items are supplied with your PA4000.
Please check that you have every item and report any m issing items to your
Tektronix supplier as soon as possible.
PA4000 Power Analyzer chassis containing the analog cards and any other
options you ordered.
Certificate of Conformance and Calibration for each analog card.
CD, which includes the user manual and calibration data.
Mains power cable.
PA4000 Power Analyzerxiii
Preface
Accessories
2 pairs of measu
1 USB cable.
WARNING. To a
PA4000.
Please see www.tek.com for available accessories. These include the following:
Spare meas uring le
A range of current transformers to extend the measuring range from < 1 mA
to 1200 A
Connectors for the 2 mm external shunt input
Communications leads (RS232, etc.)
ring leads for each analog card.
void injury, only use safety measuring leads supplied with the
ad set
xivPA4000 Power Analyzer
Getting started
Before you beg
Qualified personnel
in - safety
Carefully read and adhere to the following warning statements before you connect
the Power Analyzer.
WAR NI NG . To
• By connecting the Power Analyzer to active circuits, the terminals and certain
parts insi
• If possible, open the circuit before establishing a connection to the Power
Analyzer.
• Before connecting the circuits, ensure that the maximum measuring voltage and
maximum voltage to earth ground (1000 V
• Do not use leads and accessories that do not comply with relevant safety
standa
• Shunts and conductors can generate heat when in use and surfaces may burn
the skin.
This product may be operated only by qualified personnel. This means only
persons who are familiar with the installation, assembly, connection, inspection
of co
following areas:
avoid possible electric shock or personal injury:
de the Power Analyzer are live.
, CAT II) is not exceeded.
rms
rds, as th is could lead to seriou s injury or death from electric shock.
nnections, and operation of the analyz er and who have been trained in the
Installation
tching on/off, enabling, earth-grounding and identification of electrical
Swi
circuits and services/systems according to the applicable safety standards.
intenance and operation of appropriate sa fety gear, in accordance with the
Ma
applicable safety standards.
irst aid.
F
Ensure that all persons using the device have read and fully understood the
perators Manual and safety instructions.
O
Mains connection must conform to these ranges/values: 100 – 240 V,
50/60 Hz.
The device may only be used under certain ambient conditions. Ensure that
the actual ambient conditions conform to the admissible conditions specified
in this manual.
Ensure this product is installed in such a way that its power cable is accessible
at all times and can easily be disconnected.
PA4000 Power Analyzer1
Getting started
Before each use
Connection sequence
Ensure that the
connected d evices used in conjunction with this product are in proper working
order and clean.
Ensure that any third-party accessories used in conjunction with the device
conform to the applicable IEC61010-031 / IEC61010-2-032 standards and are
suitable for the respective measuring voltage range.
WARNING. To avoid possible electric shock or personal injury:
When the measuring circuit is used to measure MAINS, the voltage to earth may
not exceed 1000 V
For safety reasons, when c onnecting a circuit to the Power Analyzer, proceed
in the sequence outlined as follows:
1. Connect the Power Analyzer power cord to a properly grounded mains outlet.
The Power Analyzer is now connected to the protective earth ground wire.
2. Power on the Power Analyzer.
power and connecting cables as well a s all accessories and
in a CAT II environment.
rms
Power on
During use
3. Conne
1. Check the power analyzer is in good condition with no signs of damage.
2. Follow the Connection Sequence described in the Before You Begin - Safety
ct the measuring circuit according to all instructions and as shown in
the connection diagrams in this manual.
For connection work, work in teams of at least two persons.
If you detect any d amage to the housing, controls, p ower cable , connecting
leads, or connected devices, immediately disconnect the unit from the power
ply.
sup
you are in doubt as regards the safe operation of the device, immediately
If
shut down the unit and the respective accessories, secure them against
inadvertent switching on, and have them serviced by a qualified service
person.
section. (See page 1.)
2PA4000 Power Analyzer
Getting started
3. After pressing
The PA4000 will start its power up sequence. This takes approximately
15 seconds.
During power up you will see the PA4000 serial number and firmware
version.
4. The instrument is now ready for use.
the power switch at the front to on ( I).
Concept of global, group and channel parameters
Definition of a group
Global, group and channel
settings
With a multiphase power analyzer there is often a requirement to link together
measurement channels. This is known as grouping. Within a group, one channel
will act as the frequency source and reference for all other channels in the group.
Grouping is commonly used in a pplications such as 3 phase mo tor measurements.
Channels 1 and 2 can be grouped together to allow for the measurement of the
input power, where channels 3 and 4 could be grouped together to measure the
output power. For more information on applying grouping to channels, see the
Wiring section of The Menu System chapter. (See page 44, Wiring.)
The PA4000 has many different settings that affect both the appearance of the
results and the actual results. To make the instrument easier to operate, settings
may have an effect on one or more parameters. Depending on the p arameter, the
influence or use of it may be on a global level, a per-group level or a per-channel
level. The split for parameters that have a n effect on measurements and results
is defined below.
Global settings
Groups settings
Global settings af
Blanking (See page 55, Blanking.)
Averaging (Se e page 56, Averaging.)
Update rate (See page 56, Update rate.)
Auto zero (See page 56, Auto Zero.)
Global settings will appear under the System Configuration menu.
Per-group settings affect every channel in a group. The settings affected are:
Measurements (See page 33, Measurements.)
Measurement configuration (that is, number of harmonics, THD, DF and TIF
set-up) (See page 37, Measurements configuration.)
Mode(See page 40, Modes.)
Wiring (See page 44, Wiring.)
fect all measurements. The following settings are global:
PA4000 Power Analyzer3
Getting started
Ranges(See pag
Shunt selection (See page 47, Shunts.)
Frequency source
Bandwidth (See page 48, Bandwidth.)
Channel settings
Channel setting are completely independent of any grouping. The following
settings are on a per-channel basis:
Scaling factor (See page 49, Scaling.)
When sett
ing a parameter that is a per-group or per-channel parameter, the group
or channel will be displayed at the top of the menu. To change the group or
channel, the left and right arrow hard k eys are used.
Connecting to the product under test
The PA4000 will measure up to 1000 V
using the 4 mm terminals on the rear o f each analog card. For measurements
outside the range (low or high power), see the information on using current and
voltage transducers. (See page 26, Connecting signals.)
e46,Ranges.)
rms
,CATIIand30A
rms
or 1 A
directly
rms
To measure power, connect the PA4000s measuring terminals in parallel with the
supply voltage and in series with the load current as shown below.
ING. To avoid injury always use good quality safety cables as supplied and
WARN
check that they are not damaged before use.
4PA4000 Power Analyzer
Getting started
Connect the AC supply live to the Vhi (1) terminal
Connect the AC supply neutral to the Vlo (2) terminal
Connect the load neutral to either the 30 A Ahi (4) or 1 A A1a (6) terminal
Connect the supply neutral to the Alo (5) terminal
lug-connected single phase products, the simplest and safest way to make a
For p
connection to the product under test is to use a Tektronix Break Out Box. This
providesalinesocketforconnectionoftheproductand4x4mmsocketsfor
direct connection to the PA4000 terminals as described above.
PA4000 Power Analyzer5
Getting started
Default measu
rements
Switch on the supply to the load and the PA4000 is now ready to make
measurements. Note that it is not necessary to switch the PA4000 either off or
on when the lo
ad is being connected.
The default display shows up to 4 columns of results (one for each channel).
isplay can be broken down into columns and rows. Each column is one
The d
of 4 colors. The color represents which group the results in the column belong
to. There can be many different columns within a group. In a single-phase
application, there may only be one column of results per group. If the minimum
and maximum hold columns were added, then this would expand the number
of columns to 3.
Within a group, the result name is listed in the group color on the left of the group.
All the results with the group are always shown in the same order. The results
reshownonseparaterows.
a
6PA4000 Power Analyzer
Getting started
In default mode
channel is contained with a different group. Each group is configured as a wiring
setup, for example: 1 phase, 2 wire. Each row clearly shows the meas urement
type ‘Vrms’, the measured value, ‘248.4’ and the measurement units, ‘V’. Normal
engineering notation is used to describe units, e.g. mV = milli-volts (10-3) and
MV = mega-volts (10+6).
Navigating the results screen
To scroll through the measurement rows, use the top two soft keys for scrolling
and paging
, each column represents one channel of the instrument, and each
up, and use the bottom two keys for scrolling and paging down:
PageUp
Row U p
Row Down
Page Down
To view the results in a larger size, the [ZOOM] key to the left of the display can
be used. It will cycle through 3 different zoom levels, which are:
4 columns of 12 results per column
2 columns of 6 resul
1 column of 3 results per column
If there are more column s to view than can be displayed on the screen at one time
(for example: 6 columns of results in 4 column mode), the left and right arrow
keys to the left o
f the display ca n be used.
ts per column
PA4000 Power Analyzer7
Getting started
The PA4000 has t
choose a fixed range, or the peak of the input signal it larger than the range, then
an over range condition will occur. This will be indicated on the results screen
by all the results in the over ranged channel flashing on and off. In addition, the
“Vrms” and / or “Arms” will flash to indicate whether the over range is on either
the voltage channel, the current channel, or both.
Navigating the menu system
The menu system provides complete access to all settings of the PA4000. To
access the m enu system, press the yellow [MENU] key.
To return to the measurement display at any time, simply press the [MENU ]
key again or press the [RESULT] k ey.
With the menu system active, the 5 soft keys to the right of the display may be
used to navigate and select options. A list of the menu keys can be found in the
soft key section of the manual. (See page 21, Soft keys.)
If the menu you are in displays a group or channel name, this means that the
setting is only for the displayed group or channel. To move to another group or
channel, use the left and right arrow keys.
he option of fixed or auto ranging. Default is auto range. If you
Example: Choosing
measurements to display
One of the first tasks that a user may want to carry out is change the list of
measurements that are displayed.
To choose the measurements on the display:
1. Press [MENU] (to show the menu)
2. Press
displ
3. Use the
enable it to be displayed.
4. If you want to change the order in which a measurement is shown, first select
the measurement you want to move and then press
will turn red.
5. Use
new position.
To remove a selected measurement, select it and press
to see the list of Measurements. Measurements with awill be
ayed in the order shown.
andkeys to select a measurement
andto move the measurement and then pressto accept the
to display and press
. The selection bar
.
to
8PA4000 Power Analyzer
On screen help
Getting started
Hint:
To restore the default list, see the User Configuration Menu. (See page 57, User
configuration
NOTE. Depending on the mode selected, some measurements will not be
selectable. (See page 40, Modes.) More details on selecting measurements are
available. (See page 33, Measurements.)
Throughout the menu system on screen help is available to provide the user with
summariz
button and then press the [HELP] button and help on the main menu will be
displayed. Press the [HELP] button again to remove the help and return back
to the previous screen.
As the user tunnels through the menu sy stemandrequireshelponaparticular
screen,simplypressthe[HELP]buttontogetabriefsummaryofhelponthat
subject. Help does not exist on every screen and at every level therefore if the
[HELP] button is pressed without any help showing then there is no help available
s level.
at thi
.)
ed help on the subject at hand. As an example, press the [MENU]
PA4000 Power Analyzer9
Getting started
10PA4000 Power Analyzer
Front panel operation
Front panel layout
1. Quick View buttons
2. Easy-to-reach USB connection for memory devices (optional Ethernet / USB
card is required)
3. 640 x 480 TFT display
4. 5softkeys
Quick view buttons
5. Operational and Alphabet buttons
6. Number and Equation buttons
7. Front mounted on / off switch.
To the left of the display are the quick view buttons. These allow easy access
to various different displays.
The first 7 keys change the display screen to show different information:
[RESULT] - Displays the normal results screen
[WAVE] - Displays waveforms
[BAR] - Display harmonics bar chart
[INTEG.] - Displays integrator waveforms
[VECTOR] - Displays a vector diagram
[MATH] - Displays the math results as configured from the math menu
[SETUP] - Displays a screen showing the current configuration of the unit
Pressing any one of these keys will change the display to the appropriate display.
Pressing it again will have no effect.
PA4000 Power Analyzer11
Front panel operation
Results screen
At the bottom th
The zoom key will change the number of results displayed o n the screen. It will
go from 4 colum
the display to 4 columns.
The left and
user to see more results (there can be up to 15 columns of results). The left and
the right arrow keys are also used in other screens such as the m enu screen for
changing groups or the waveform screen for moving the cursors.
The results screen is the default, power on screen for the PA4000.
ere is a [ZOOM] key, and left and right arrow keys.
ns, to 2 columns and then to 1 column. Pressing again will return
right arrow k eys will move the results left and right to enable the
The results screen displays all the requested results.
The size / number of results on the screen can be control by using the ZOOM key.
The actual results displayed, along with the order in which they are displayed,
is controlled by the [MEASUREMENTS] menu. (See page 33, Measurements.)
Also, the number of harmonics displayed, the minimum and maximum hold
columns displayed, and the display of the SUM column are controlled using the
[MEASUREMENT CONFIGURATION] menu.(See page 33, Main menu.)
12PA4000 Power Analyzer
Front panel operation
Waveform screen
The waveform ke
operating mode.
y will show waveforms of the measured data in continuous
The waveform screen consists of two sections. At the top right of the display are
the Volts, Amps and Watts values for each of the channels in the group. The label
for the channel is color coded to match the waveform. (See page 50, Graphs and
orms.) Measurement are displayed even if the waveform is not.
wavef
Below these measurements is the actual waveform which is plotted out against an
yaxis.
xand
Waveforms can be viewed by pressing the [WAVE] button to the left of the
lay. Waveforms for viewing can also be selected by pressing [MENU] and
disp
selecting Graphing and Waveforms and then Waveforms followed by the actual
selection of Vrms, Arms, or Watts to display as a waveform.
Waveform selection is done on a per-group basis. This means that only signals
within a specified group can be displayed on the same waveform graph.
Changing the group is done by using both the left and right arrow keys to the
bottom left of the display. This will change both the group for waveform selection
and the waveforms displayed.
PA4000 Power Analyzer13
Front panel operation
Barchart screen
When drawing a w
at the intersection of the X and Y axis. Choosing to display or not display the
reference waveform will not affect the position of the other waveforms. For
example, if channel 1 volts was the phase reference and channel 1 amps was 90
degrees lagging, but channel 1 volts was not displayed, then channel 1 amps
would still start at 90 degrees lagging.
For the x (time) axis, the range will be twice the period of the lowest frequency
signal being displayed, rounded up to time starting with 1, 2 or 5. For example, if
50 Hz were t
50 ms would be the time base. If there is no frequency measured on any of the
displayed waveforms (i.e. all DC) then 500 ms will be used for the time base.
For the y axis the range for all the channels being displayed of the same units
(Volts or Am ps or Watts) is examined. The maximum range is the range used.
The bar
form of a bar chart.
chart displays either Volts, Amps or Watts harmonic information in the
aveform, the phase reference signal for the group is started
The data used for the display is based on the harmonics setup for the group in
which the channel is in. All soft key actions are on a per-group basis. The left a nd
ight hard arrow keys are used to change channel (
r
Harmonics do not need to be displayed as results for the bar chart to show
harmonics. If harmonics is never displayed, and never configured, then the bar
chart would be based on the default harmonic setup.
14PA4000 Power Analyzer
).
Front panel operation
At the top of eac
h graph are 2 readings. The first is the fundamental value, in the
measured units, and phase angle. T he second result is the highlighted harmonic in
the same units as it would be d isplayed on the results screen (either percentage
or absolute as defined by the users setting for the group) and the phase angle.
The phase angle will be displayed irrespective of whether it is displayed o n the
results screen.
Next to the 2 readings is text stating the group and the channel that the bar c hart
reflects.
An individual harmonic can be selected by using the left and right arrow soft keys.
The selected h armonic will be yellow as opposed to green. The left and right
arrows wi
ll only change the selection of the harmonic with the active group. If the
display is only showing one bar chart, then using the selection is straightforward.
When the user then changes to the next channel using the left and right hard
keys, the harmonic selected will be based on possible changes when viewing
the previous channel.
For the x axis, the maximum number of harmonic values that can be displayed
is 50, even though there could be up to 400. The harmonic values displayed are
determined by the harmonic sequence and range for the appropriate group. For
le, if the unit has been configured to display odd and even harmonics up to
examp
the 50th, then 50 harmonics will be displayed. If only odd harmonics up to the
19th, then 10 harmonics will be displayed.
If the number of harmonics to be displayed is less than 50, then they will be
spread across the allowed width of the graph. If the user has selected more than
50 harmonics to display, then the left and right arrow soft keys will be used to
scroll through the harmonics and the axis labels will be changed after the 50th
harmonic result has been reached.
A summary of the soft keys is detailed below:
ggles the harmonics displayed between
To
Volts, Amps and then Watts, returning back
to Volts. Works on a per-group basis.
Changes the harmonic selected by one to
the right (higher order).
Changes the harmonic selected by one to
the left (lower order).
Jumps to the harmonics setup menu.
PA4000 Power Analyzer15
Front panel operation
Integrator screen
The integrator
page 41, Integrator mode.) One of the following results can be displayed at any
one time:
1. Watt Hours
2. VA Hours
3. VA r H o u r s
4. Amp Hours
5. Watts Average
6. PF Average
7. Volts
8. Amps
9. Watts
10. Fundamental VA-Hours (VAHf)
11. Fundamental VAr-Hours (VArHf)
12. Correction VArs
As with the integrator itself, the results are displayed on a group-by-group basis.
This means that the maximum number of plot lines is 4, which will occur in
a 3p4w system with SUM results. There is the option of adding or removing
plot lines from the display within the constraints of the grou
you could select to see the channel 1 result and the SUM result. There are two
reasons for allowing this selection. Firstly, in a balanced three-phase system, the
integrated readings for each channel will be very similar and so the plot lines will
be overlaid one on top of the other. This could lead to confusion. Secondly, again
in a balanced three phase system, if a channel and the SUM results are displayed
on the same graph, the channel plot will never come higher u
way, at best. Removing the SUM result and rescaling the y axis) allows better
resolution for the channel plot.
screen allows you to display integrated results on a graph. (See
p. For example,
p the y axis than 1/3
At the top of the display is a reading for each channel in the group (including the
SUM channel). The reading is for the same result as is selected in the integrator
waveform setup screen to display on the screen i.e. if the plot is WHrs, then the
reading is WHrs.
The plot is always in the same color as the
At any time while the integration graph is being displayed, pressing the left
or right arrow hard keys will change to group results. If only one group is in
integrator mode, then graph will not change.
Both the x and y axis are automatically scaled. For the y axis, the time will
change automatically as the integration time increases. This allows for the best
viewing of the graph.
16PA4000 Power Analyzer
channel designator.
Front panel operation
Vector screen
Any time during
key. This will take the user directly to the integrator waveform setup menu with
the appropriate group selected.
The vector di
information in the form of a vector diagram.
integration, you change the plots by pressing the [INT] soft
agram displays one of Volts, Am ps or Volts and Amps harmonic
Vectors will be displayed on a per group basis. The left and right hard keys to the
left of the d isplay will be used to change the currently displayed group. The active
group is displayed in the top left corner in the appropriate group color.
The left and the right soft keys will be used to change the harmonic number
currently being displayed. The harmonics available for display will be the same
as the harmonics in the results screen. There are two differences. The first is
that if the results screen is configured to display magnitudes as a percentage of
the fundamental, the absolute magnitude will still be used. This will allow a true
comparison between the magnitudes of the selected harmonic for each channel in
the group. The second is that if the user has not enabled harmonics to display,
then the harmonic setup will still be used. This therefore provides a quick way to
view harmonic information without displaying harmonics.
The [V/A] top soft key toggles the display between displaying Volts vectors only,
Amps vectors only and both Volts and Amps vectors.
Each vector displayed is s ho wn in a different color. There can be up to 6 vectors
displayed on the graph at one time. This would be a for a 3p4w configuration
showing Volts and Amps.
PA4000 Power Analyzer17
Front panel operation
In addition to d
isplaying a vector line, the magnitude and phase angle of the vector
are displayed to the right of the vector diagram. Both the voltage and current
information is shown even if the vector is not.
The magnitude is based on the maximum range for the group being displayed
(in auto range channels can be on different ranges). The ranges will not change
when the harmonic num ber is changed, allowing a visual comparison between
harmonic numbers.
A summary of the soft keys is detailed below:
Toggles the vectors displayed between Volts
only, Amps only and Volt and Amps together.
Works on a per-group basis.
Changes the harmonic vector displayed by
one to the right (higher order). Works on a
per-group basis.
Changes the harmonic vector displayed by one
to the left (lower order). Works on a per-group
basis.
No action.
Math screen
Jumps to the harmonics setup menu. Jumps to
the appropriate group.
The Math screen is used to display user configured values. These could simply
be a selection of d esire d values displayed on one easy-to-read screen, or basic
measurements mathematically manipulated to show a required a value.
18PA4000 Power Analyzer
Front panel operation
Setup screen
Up to 30 m
function the following can be specified:
Name – U
label i.e. FN1). In the menus, the function label is always displayed alongside
the users name for the function.
Units – User friendly units such as W for Watts. (Default is blank). Scaling
such as u, m, k, M will be added to the unit as appropriate. Units will be up
to 4 characters.
Equation – The actual math formula, up to 100 characters.
For additional information see Math.(See page 52, Math.)
The setup screens are accessed by pressing the [SETUP] button. There are two
reens. The first screen displays the current configuration of the channels and
sc
groups, and also items such as blanking and comms settings.
ath functions, labelled FN1 through FN30, can be defined. For each
ser friendly nam e up to 10 characters. (Default is the same as the
PA4000 Power Analyzer19
Front panel operation
The second screen shows instrument configuration including information such as
when the
the firmware version, and information on the installed analog cards.
unit was last verified and last adjusted, the serial number of the unit and
20PA4000 Power Analyzer
Soft keys
Front panel operation
Soft keys are used to provide context sensitive functionality. Through the many
screens, common soft key images are used to provide common functionality.
The common so
ft keys are shown below. If the symbol on the key is grey, then
it means that you have reached the limit of that key. For example, if you are at
the top of the results, then the up arrow will be grey. Details on the specialized
soft keys are in the appropriate section of the manual.
Page up
Move up on
No functionality
Move do
line
Page down
Tunnel up to the previous menu
Tunnel down to the selected menu
Move the selected measurement up or down
in th
e result / menu line / help text line
wn one result / menu line / help text
elist
Move selected measurement up one row
Move selected measurement down one row
Select highlighted item
PA4000 Power Analyzer21
Front panel operation
Cancel
Save result
Operational and alphabetical buttons
To the right of the soft keys are the operational keys, which also function as a
way of entering alphabetical c h aracters.
[MENUS] – Toggles the on screen menus on and off. The menu will always
come on at the top level.
[HELP] – Toggles on screen help that is context sensitive based on the current
display. Pressing any other key, other than configured soft keys, when help
is displayed, will have no effect. Pressing [HELP] again will remove the
help screen.
[MENU 1] / [ABC], [MENU 2] / [DEF] – These keys provide quick access
to a set menu. Pressing and holding either of these keys for 2 seconds w hile
laying a menu will link the menu to the pressed key. For example, if
disp
you press and hold [MENU 1] while the Voltage range menu is sh owing,
then pressing [MENU 1] while any other screen is showing will display the
Voltage range menu.
Delete one c
Clear the text entry
haracter to the left of the cursor
[PRINT] / [GHI] – Send the displayed results to the designated printer /
device which can be either a USB printer, an RS232 printer or a memory
stick. NOT YET IMPLEMENTED.
[DATA OUT (DATA DUMP)] / [JKL] – Pressing this key will start or stop a
data log. If data is being logged, then the LED under this key will be flashing.
[RESET / CLEAR] / [MNO] – The fu n ctio n of this key will be dependent on
the configuration of the instrument. It can clear minimum / maximum hold
results and reset the integrator.
[INTEG. RUN] / [PQRS] - Pressing this key will start or stop the integrator. If
the integrator is running, then the LED under this key will be flashing.
22PA4000 Power Analyzer
Front panel operation
[HOLD] / [TUV] –
Pressing again lets the results change. If the display is held, then the red
LED below the [HOLD] key will be illuminated. If the integrator is running,
the values will still be accumulating.
[LOCAL] / [WXYZ] – Any time the instrument receives communications via
USB, GPIB, Ethernet or RS232, the front panel will be locked out. Pressing
the [LOCAL] key will return control to the front panel. When the front panel
is locked out, the yellow LED beneath the [LOCAL] key will be lit.
Each of the above keys also has an alternative function, which is highlighted in
blue. To access these functions, the [SHIFT] key has to be pressed. Basically this
will give
key is pressed the letter being entered will be changed in the order shown above
the key. If the key is not pressed for 1 second, or a different key is pressed, the
cursor will move to the next position.
Number and equation buttons
The main purpose of the numeric section of the keypad is for numeric and
equation entry. The keys are as follows:
[7] / [x] - Number seven or, with [SHIFT], multiply.
If pressed, the results stop updating on the screen.
access to letters for text entry within the menus. Each time the same
[8] / [-] - Number eight or, with [SHIFT], subtract.
[9] / [+] - Number nine or, with [SHIFT], add.
/ [/] - Number four or, with [SHIFT], divide.
[4]
[5] / [(] - Number five or, with [SHIFT], left parentheses.
[6] / [)] - Number six or, with [SHIFT], right parentheses.
[1] / [SIN()] - Number one or, with [SHIFT], SIN function.
[2] / [COS()] - Number two or, with [SHIFT], COSINE function.
[3] / [TAN()] - N umber three or, with [SHIFT], TAN function.
[0] / [:] - Number zero or, with [SHIFT], a colon).
[.] / [SPACE] - Decimal point or, with [SHIFT], space.
[=] / [xy] - Equals or, with [SHIFT], X to the power Y.
[+/-] / [x2] - positive or negative or, with [SHIFT], x squared.
[ SHIFT ] - Enable the blue shift options on both the numeric and general keys.
[ENTER] / [√] - Enter or, with [SHIFT], square root.
PA4000 Power Analyzer23
Front panel operation
Logging data to a memory device
The PA4000, can be used to log data to a USB flash drive. The unit will log all
selected measurements into a com ma separated value (CSV) formatted file that is
stored on the connected USB flash drive. Results will be logged once per second.
Prior to enabling data logging, insert a USB flash drive into the USB host port on
the front of the PA4000. The rear port cannot be used for flash drives.
CAUTION. If the USB flash drive is removed while data logging is enabled, data
corruptio
n will occur.
Logging data
Data storage and format
To start data logging press the [DATA OUT (DATA DUMP)] key. The LED
beneath the key flashing every second will indicate data logging. To stop data
logging
drive is safe to rem ove.
The data w ill be logged in a directory created by the PA4000 on the USB flash
drive
number of the PA4000 used and the date at the start of data logging. The file name
will reflect the time at the start of data logging in 24 hr format and will have a
.CSV extension.
For example, if a PA4000 with the serial number 100010200001 begins data
logging on 31 December 2011 at 2:18:56 PM, the directory tree will be as shown
below.
The first portion of the file will contain a header identifying the instrument used
by serial number and the time data logging began.
The second portion will contain information on the group configuration of the
PA4000. It will contain the group index, the name of the group, the number o f
channels in the group, and the number of results returned for the group.
, press the [DATA OUT (DATA DUMP)] key. Once the LED goes off, the
. The directory structure created will contain the last five digits of the serial
Root Dir\ PA4000 \00001\11-12-31\14-18-56.csv
The third portion of the file will contain column headers for every measurement
currently selected. Subsequent columns will contain an indexed set of the
measurements currently selected, in the order d isplayed on the PA4000 screen.
An example of the data returned is shown b elow.
24PA4000 Power Analyzer
Front panel operation
Math resu
results. Only enabled math results will be returned. The column name will consist
of the function name and the units specified by the user.
For additional information, see U SB Host(See page 99, USB host.)
lts are also returned when data logging. These w ill be after the channel
PA4000 Power Analyzer25
Connecting signals
Connecting si
Input overview
gnals
WARNING. To avoid possible electric shock or personal injury:
· Do not touch connections, internal circuits or measuring devices that are not
connected to earth ground.
· Always adhere to the instructions regarding the sequence of connection(See
page 2, Connection sequence.)
Signals are connected to the PA4000 on the rear of the PA 4000. There are multiple
inputs for e ach analog card as shown below.
1. Voltage high connection
2. Voltage low connection
3. T1AH, 250 V fuse to protect the 1 A shunt
4. 30 A current high connection
26PA4000 Power Analyzer
Connecting signals
Voltage
Current
External current inputs
5. Current low con
nection (common to both the 30 A and 1 A shunt)
6. 1 A current high connection
7. External shunt current input high
8. External shunt current input low
9. ±15 V supply for powering external transducers (optional)
Voltages o
fupto1000V
may be connected directly to the black and yellow
rms
4 mm VHI and VLO safety sockets at the rear of the PA4000.
The PA4000 has two built-in current shunts. The shunt first allows currents of up
to 30 A
, 200 A peak to be connected directly to the black and yellow 4 mm AHI
rms
and ALO safety sockets at the rear of each measurement channel of the PA4000.
The second shunt allows up to 1 A
, 5 A peak to be connected directly to the
rms
blue 1A and blue safety sockets also on the rear of each measurement channel.
The external current inputs accept a voltage of up to ±3 V peak that is proportional
to the current being measured. This input allows a very wide range of external
current transducers to be connected, from low milliamp current shunts to
mega-Amp current transformers. For each type of transducer, the PA4000 may be
scaled to re ad the correct current. (See page 44, Inputs.)
The choice of current transducer will depend on:
The current being measured, including peaks and transients.
The accuracy required.
The bandwidth required: Unless the waveforms are purely sinusoidal, a
bandwidth in excess of the fundamental frequency will be required.
Whether there is D C current present.
onvenience of connection – that is, using a clamp-on current transformer,
C
with jaws that open, for quick connection in a fixed wiring loom.
The effect of the transducer on the circuit.
PA4000 Power Analyzer27
Connecting signals
To connect a si
mple current transformer
To use a conventional current transformer (CT) like the Tektronix CL series (or any
other transducer with a current output), connect the normal AHI and ALO inputs
of the PA4000
instructions for the safe use and installation of the transducer. Depending on the
output level of the current transformer, you will need to choose between the 30 A
AHI input and the 1 A AHI input. The choice will be depend ent on the dynamic
range of the output of the current transformer that you are expecting.
Normally the positive or HI output of the transducer will be marked with the
point of an arrow or a + symbol. Connect this terminal to the appropriate AHI
input of the PA4000.
to the outputs of the current transformer. Follow the manufacturers
Current scaling
A current transformer produces an output current that is proportional to the load
current being measured. For example, the Tektronix CL200 produces an output
current that is 1/100 of the current being measured.
To measure the correct current on the PA4000, use the scaling function of the
analyzer to scale, or m ultiply, the CT output current.
For example, the CL200 is a 100:1 CT. When measuring 100A, its output is 1A.
To scale this on the PA4000, a scale factor of 100 must be entered:
Press [MENU]
Select
Select‘Scaling’ and press
Select‘Amps’ and press
Use thekey to clear the entry.
Type the ne w scale factor (100)
Press
Press [MENU] to return to the measurement display.
The PA4000 is now ready to make measurements using a CT.
‘Inputs’ and press
28PA4000 Power Analyzer
To connect an external resistive shunt
Using a resistive shunt is a straightforward method of extending the current
measuring range of the PA4000. The shunt resistor is connected in series with the
load and the voltage across the shunt is directly proportional to current.
That voltage may be connected directly to the External Current Inputs of the
PA4000.
For example, a 1 milliohm shunt is used to measure 200 A rms.
1. Check that the voltage that will be generated is suitable for the PA4000
V=IxR(Ohm’slaw)
Vshunt = I x Rshunt
Vshunt = 200 x 0.001 Ohms
Vshunt = 0.2 V
This is well within the 3 Vpk rating of the PA4000’s External Current Inputs
2. Connect the shunt in series with the load and to the EXT-HI and EXT-LO
inputs as shown.
Connecting signals
Remove any connections to the n orm al ALO terminal!
WAR NI NG . Connections to the normal AMPS terminals can have high voltage
on them.
To avoid errors and a risk of electric shock, remove all connections to ALO.
EXT-LO and ALO are connected inside the PA4000 and so connections to AHi,
ALo and A1A can ha ve the same potential as EXT-LO.
For the best noise immunity EXT-LO should be connected directly to ALO.
3. Set up the PA4000 to m easure current from the EXT-HI and EXT-LO
terminals. Press ’MENU’
Press [MENU]
PA4000 Power Analyzer29
Connecting signals
Select‘Inputs
Select‘Shunts’ and press
Select‘External’ and press
Press [MENU] to return to the measurement display.
4. Scale the measurement on the display.
The default scale is 1 V = 1 A.
In this example where R = 0.001 Ohms. The scaling factor is specified in
Amps per Volt, so in this case, the scaling factor is 1000.
To enter a scale factor for c urrent:
Press [MENU]
Select
Select‘Scaling’ and press
Select‘External Shunt’ and press
Use thekey to clear the entry.
Typethenewscalefactor(100)
‘Inputs’ and press
’ and press
Press
Press [MENU] to return to the measurement display.
The PA4000 is now ready to make measurements using an external shunt.
To connect a transducer with a voltage output
These transducers contain active circuits that help to improve performance at high
bandwidth. They may be of the ‘hall effect’ or Rogowski coil type.
The procedure is similar to that of installing an external shunt as described above.
1. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the safe use and installation of
the transducer.
2. Connect the voltage output to the EXT-HI and EXT-LO terminals of the
PA4000 channel as above.
3. Select ‘Inputs’ – ‘Shunts’ – ‘External’ as above.
Press [MENU]
Select
Select‘Shunts’ and press
‘Inputs’ and press
Select‘External’ and press
30PA4000 Power Analyzer
Connecting signals
Press [MENU] to
4. Select and input a scale factor. These types of transducers are often rated in
terms of mV / amp. For example a transducer with an output of 100mV / amp
is the equivalent of a 100 milliohm external shunt resistor. To convert the rated
scaling from Volts per Amp to the desired Am ps per Volt, invert the value.
Using the above example, 100 mV / Amps is equivalent to 10 Amps / Volt.
Press [MENU]
Select
Select‘Scaling’ and press
Select‘External Shunt’ and p r ess
Use thekey to clear the entry.
Type the new scale factor (such as 0.1)
ress
P
5. Press ‘MENU’ to return to the measurement display.
The PA4000 is now ready to make measurements using a current transducer with
a voltage output.
return to the measurement display.
‘Inputs’ and press
To connect a voltage transformer / transducer
The PA4000 may be used with a v oltage transformer (VT) or other transducer to
extend its measuring range. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the safe
use and installation of the transducer.
The output of the transducer is connected to the normal VHI and VLO terminals.
Normally the positive or HI output of the transducer will be marked with the point
of an arrow or a + s ym bol. Connect this terminal to the VHI input of the PA4000.
Voltage scaling
PA4000 Power Analyzer31
A voltage transformer (VT) produces a voltage output, which is proportional to
the voltage being measured.
Connecting signals
To measure the c
analyzer to scale, or multiply, the VT output current.
For example, w
be used.
Press [MENU
Select
Select‘Scaling’ and press
Select‘Volts’ and press
Use thekey to clear the entry.
Type the new scale factor (1000)
Press
Press MENU to return to the measurement display.
The PA4000 is now ready to make measurements using a VT.
orrect voltage on the PA4000, use the scale function of the
hen measuring with a 1000:1 VT a scale factor of 1000 must
]
‘Inputs’ and press
Power for external transducers
The PA4000 can have an optional ±15 V power supply for the purpose of
providing power to external transducers. The supply is capable of supplying
250 mA per rail on each analog card (250 mA on +15 V and 250 mA on -15 V).
The connector is conveniently placed next to the inputs on each analog.
If the ±15 V supply option is purchased, then 4 m ating connectors (Tektronix part
number 56-598) will be provided to aid in making a connection. These connectors
are Wago 231-303/026-000.
32PA4000 Power Analyzer
The menu system
Navigation
The PA4000’s menu is a powerful yet easy-to-use system for control of the
analyzer. See the Quick Start section of this manual for an overview of how to
access and u
For help at any time while using the PA4000 press the HELP key at any time.
Menu items
To switch the display of the menu system off or on, press the ‘MENU’ key at
any time.
Main menu
The menu system
se the menu system. (See page 8, Navigating the menu system.)
Measurements
To selec
Defau
The user can set the order in which the me asurements appear on the screen. This
is on
displayed in any order, including harmonics. However, harmonic results will
always be displayed as a block i.e. all the Voltage harmonics will be displayed
as a continuous block based on the parameters set.
A normal measurement screen is shown below:
t a menu, press the MENU key.
lt: V
rms,Arms
a per-group basis. The measurements, on a group-by-group basis, can be
, Watt, VA, PF, and Freq.
PA4000 Power Analyzer33
The menu system
On the measurements screen you will both be able to select a measurement to be
displayed as a result and also change the order in which the results are displayed.
When you enter the measurement screen you will have the following soft keys
available:
Tunnel Up
Selection Up or top of list
Move Measurement
34PA4000 Power Analyzer
The menu system
Selection down or bottom of list
Select measurement to be a result on the
screen or de-select measurement
or
To navigate to a desired result, use the up and down arrow soft keys. The current
selectio
n will be shown by the measurement highlighted in blue.
If a result is selected, then it will have a green check mark at the right hand edge
of the li
st. If it is not selected, then there will be no check mark.
The results screen shows all the s elected results, in the order in which they appear
in the m
easurement list, remembering that the list only applies to the group
selected.
NOTE. Unless the group is in Integrator mode, integration measurements cannot
be selected. These measurements are:
Hours
Watt-Hours
VA-Hours
VAr-Hours
-Hours
Amp
Average Watts
Average PF
Corrected VAr
Fundamental VA-Hours (VAHf)
Fundamental VAr-Hours (VArHf)
If you need to change the order of the results, then you should navigate to the
desired result and then click the “Move Measurement” soft key. When the move
measurement key is press ed, the highlight bar will change from blue to red.
The soft keys will then change as shown below:
PA4000 Power Analyzer35
The menu system
Tunnel Up. The move is cancelled, and the
user will return to the m ain menu screen.
Move selected measurement up (gray if at the
top o f the list already).
Cancel the move, and put the measurement
back where it
Move selected measurement down (gray if at
the bottom of the list already).
Place the measurement in the selected
position. The soft keys will change back to the
standard measurement screen keys.
was before the move was started.
An example of a measurement being moved is shown below:
36PA4000 Power Analyzer
The menu system
Measurements
Harmonics setup
configuration
The measurement configuration menu contains menus to set up Volts and
Amps harmonics as well as Volts and Amps THD, DF and TIF readings.
These measur
measurement configuration menus allow the selection of the SUM channel
column and the minimum and maximum hold columns.
The top-level menu consists of the following:
Harmonics Setup
Distortion Setup
Minimum Hold Colu mn
Maximum Hold Column
SUM Column
Under the harmonics menu item there are separate voltage, current and Watts
menus that allow the setting of the following:
Harmonic Sequence - Odd and even or odd harmonic only (default Odd and
even).
ements are selected in the measurement menu. In addition, the
Distortion setup
Range–1to100(default7)
Format – Absolute or percentage of fundam ental (default Absolute)
Display Phase Angle – On or off (default On) (Volts and Amps only)
The selection of harmonics results to display has no impact on the harmonic data
used in distortion calculations.
Please see the User Configuration section of this manual about update speed. (See
page 57, User configuration.) The instrument is not able to calculate and display
100 harmonics on V, A and Watts every 100 ms.
Under the Distortion Setup line item there will be separate menus for Vdf
(Distortion Factor), Vthd (Total Harmonic Distortion), Vtif (Telephone Influence
Factor), Adf, Athd and Atif.
Distortion Factor. The Distortion Factor formula (previously called the Difference
Formula) includes the effects of high frequency and noise. This equation only
produces a valid num ber if the RMS is not less than the fundamental. If the
fundamental is larger than the RMS the display shows ‘—-‘.
The equations are:
and
PA4000 Power Analyzer37
The menu system
The reference value can be either the fundamental reading or the rms reading. The
default reference is the fundamental value.
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) is a measure
of the distortion of a waveform.
Under the V and A Total Harmonic Distortion factor (THD) measuremen t menus
is the ability to set the following parameters:
Harmonic Reference – Fundamental or RMS (default Fundamental).
Harmonic Sequence - Odd and even or odd harmonic only (default is odd
and even).
Range – 2 to 100 (default 7). This is the last harmonic used in the calculation.
If odd only harmonics are specifiedandRangeissettoanevennumber,then
the preceding harmonic will be the last one used.
Harmonic Zero – Exclude or Include (default Exclude)
For the distortion settings and harmonics setting, the values will be remembered
whether the actual displaying of the reading is turned on or off. For example, if
the number of harmonics to be displayed is changed from 7 to 13, turning off and
then on again the display of voltage harmonics will not affect this setting.
The formula for voltage and current THD are:
and
The Total Harmonic Distortion formula (previously called the series formula) will
produce more accurate results for harmonic noise when the THD is less than 5%.
When selecting the TH D formula, it is important to set the MAX HARMONICS
setting to an appropriately large num ber to get valid results. The higher the
harmonic count the more accurate the calculation.
Telephone Influence Factor (TIF). TIF stands for telephone influence factor and is
a THD measurement weighted at frequencies within the bandwidth of a normal
telephone circuit. It is a measure of how the voltage or current distortio
electrical power circuits might interfere with adjacent telephone circuits. TIF
measurements are a requirement of standards such as ANSI C50.13 "Rotating
Electrical Machinery - Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generators" and are most
often used on standby power generators and UPS. The harmonics included in a
TIF measurement are from 1 to 73 odd and even.
nin
The formula for voltage and current TIF are:
38PA4000 Power Analyzer
The menu system
Default ref ere
nce = Fundamental
and
The weighting factors (K ) are:
Harmk
10.52160504110340
3302363704310600
5
6400256680499820
7
91320297320538740
112260307570
122760317820596730
133360338830616130
154350358830654400
175100369080673700
185400379330712750
195630399840732190
n
2252466504710210
650276970509670
Harmk
n
Harmk
55
n
8090
Minimum and maximum
hold columns
For maximum and minimum hold menus, the columns can independently be
enabled or disabled. To reset the values shown in the columns, press the [RESET]
key. Also, each time either the minimum or maximum hold column is enabled,
the values for both columns are reset.
SUM results column
SUM results will appear after the last channel in the group (and after that channels
max and min results if necessary). Sum Max will appear to the right of the SUM
results and Sum Min will appear to the left of the Sum results as appropriate.
SUM results are available in all wiring configurations except 1 phase, 2 wire
(1P2W). (See page 44, Wiring.)
PA4000 Power Analyzer39
The menu system
Modes
Default: Normal
Modes are used to set up the instrument in specific way to allow certain types of
measurements. These specific modes provide all necessary filtering and unique
configuration parameters necessary to measure specific signals found in certain
applications.
Modes are applied on a group basis. For example, in light ballast applications,
group A could be in normal mode measuring the input power and group B could
be in ballast mode measuring the output power.
Currently there are three available modes. These are:
Normal - This mode is used for m os t power measurements where signals are
uniform and there are no special measurement methods required.
Ballast - This mode is designed to confi gure the group to make measurements
on the complex ballast output modulated wave forms.
Standby Power- This mode integrates the Watts, Amps, VA and PF readings
over a user-specified measurement period. This is a requirement of many
standby power standards.
rmal mode
No
Ballast mode
It is often necessary to force the instrument in to a certain way of operating
when a particular mode is selected. An example is forcing high bandwidth
ballast mode is selected. In these cases two things will happen:
when
a. Reverting back to normal mode will restore any changed settings
b. When a setting is forced, it cannot be changed by the operator while the
PA4000 is in the non-normal mode
In normal mode, there are no special measurement methods used. Normal mode is
suitable for most power applications and is the default mode.
In modern electronic lighting ballasts, it is often difficult to make ac curate
measurements due to the fact that the output signals are high frequency waveforms
that are heavily modulated by the power frequency. Ballast mode provides a way
of locking the measurement period to the power frequency.
After selecting ballast mode you need to set up the fundamental frequency at which
power will be transmitted. This is typically 50, 60 or 400Hz. The setup screen can
be found under the Modes –> Setup Modes—> Ballast Setup. The analyzer will
then use this to adjust the measurement window to fit the specified frequency.
The frequency returned by the instrument is therefore not the fundamental power
frequency, but instead the ballast switching frequency. This is also the frequency
used for harmonic analysis.
40PA4000 Power Analyzer
The menu system
Standby power mode
When ballast mo
bandwidth is set to “High” for the group. These setting are locked out in ballast
mode and, upon the return to normal mode, they are r estored.
Driven by con
ever-increasing n eed to measure power consumption of product while they are
in standby mode. One of the most widely used standards for measurement is
IEC 62301. Part of this standard requires the measurement of power over a
prolonged period of time without missing any s hort duration power events. The
PA4000 standby power mode provides continuous sampling of voltage and current
to produc
In standby mode, you must specify the integration window in seconds. Watts,
Amps, Po
other results will be updated at the normal user specified update rate.
The inte
and the unit update rate. (See page 56, Update rate.) This is because the results
will be integrated over an exact multiple of the update rate. For example, if the
update rate is 0.5 seconds (default) then the integration period will always be
exactly as specified. However, if an update rate of 0.4 seconds is requested, then
integration period will sw itch between 1.2 seconds and 0.8 seconds.
For the most accurate measurements it is recommended that the ranges are fixed
during the measurement period. (See page 47, Fixed/Auto ranging.)
e an accurate Watts measurement over the user specified period.
wer Factor and VA will then be integrated over the specified period. All
gration period is dependent on the combination of the specified window
de is selected, the frequency range is set to “>10Hz” and the
sumer demand and energy efficiency legislation, there is an
egrator mode
Int
Integrator mode is used to provide measurements for determining energy
consumption. In addition, for certain parameters, average values are also available.
The required measurements are selected in the Measurements menu. (Seepage33,
Measurements.) The integrator measureme n ts are:
Hours
Watt-Hours
VA-Hours
VAr-Hours
Amp-Hours
Average Watts
Average PF
Corrected VAr
Fundamental VA-Hours (VAHf)
Fundamental VAr-Hours (VArHf)
PA4000 Power Analyzer41
The menu system
These measurem
selected and displayed when the group is in integrator mode. If an integrator
measurement is selecte d and the mode is changed to a non-integrator mode, then
the measurements will show as not being selected. Changing the group mode back
to integrator mode will restore the selection previously used.
Configuring
measurements to display, there are a number of options provided for starting
and stopping the integrator. These are set up in the Modes -> Setup Mode - >
Integrator Setup section of the menus.
Start method. Default: Manual
Manual starting:
RUN] key on the front panel. Pressing this key will start the integrator running
on all gr
currently not running. The LED under the key will be turned on.
Clock S
want the integrator to start for the group. The tim e and date are entered in the
user’s specified format (s ee System configuration -> Clock menus). (See page 56,
Clock.) Once the desired time has been reached, integration will start.
If, when the time / date combination in the clock start m ethod is set, the time is
before the current time and date, then integration will not start. Integration will
only start when at least one screen update has occurred before the start time.
oups that are configured as integrator mode with a manual start and are
tarting:
ents are on a per-group basis. The measurements can only be
integrator mode. After selecting integrator mode, and the
Manual starting of integration is triggere d pressing the [INTEG
In clock starting mode, you can set the time and date of when you
Level Starting:
when a certain parameter either goes above or below a user entered level. You
can configure the follow ing:
Select the channel, 1 through 4
Select the signal param eter from that channel. This can be any parameter
with the exception of integrated values and harmonic values (including
fundamentals)
Select the level threshold to be monitored. This is the actual parameter value
in decimal. For example for 80 mA enter 0.08, 80 V enter 80.
Select whether the signal should be greater than or equal to the level or less
than or equal to the level.
A trigger channel 1-4 may be selected from any group and used as a trigger
for integration. The trigger measurement does not have to be in the channel or
group you are then integrating.
Once the conditions have been m et, integration will start.
Stopping integration. The integration of a group can be stopped either manually
or after a certain period of tim e. If the duration for the group is set to zero, then
In this start m ethod, you have the ability to start integrating
42PA4000 Power Analyzer
The menu system
PWM Motor mode
the integratio
n will only stop if the [INTEG. RUN] key is pressed. The duration is
entered in minutes as a floating point number from 0.0 to 10,000.
Integration is manually stopped by pressing the [INTEG. RUN] key. This will
stop integration on all groups that are in integrator mode with the integrator
running where the d uration is set to zero. The LED under the key will be turned
off if there is no more integration going on within any group.
Resetting integration values. The [RESET/CLEAR] key will reset the integration
values to zero for all stopped groups. It will not have any effect on groups that
are running integration.
Correction VAr (CVArs). This parameter displays the values of VArs required to
correct the average power factor to a target power factor. The target power factor
is entered under the integrator setup screen under CVArs Power Factor.
The correction will calculate the necessary VArs to provide a phase shift to reach a
target power factor. It does not compute the total VArs (e.g. if a poor power factor
is completely due to distortion, no amount of phase lead or lag will improve it).
PWM Motor mode has been designed to overcome the difficulties associated with
making measurements on the complex waveforms found on the motor drive.
High frequency sampling is c om bined with digital filtering to reject the carrier
frequency and extract the motor frequency while still using pre-filtered data for
power parameters.
After selecting PWM mode, you should then select the frequency range of the
motor frequency (not the carrier frequency) under the Inputs -> Frequency Source
-> Frequency Range menu.
When in PWM mode, the maximum motor frequency is lim ited to 900 Hz, even if
a higher frequency ra nge is selected.
The selection of the frequency range will impact the rate at which results are
returned. The update rate for all the channels is set in the System Configuration
menu. (See page 56, Update rate.) However, if the frequency range in PWM
ode is set to either 1 – 100 Hz or 0.1 – 10 Hz, then the rate at which results are
m
returned for that group is altered per the table below:
Update rate
(seconds)
0.20.42.420.2
0.30.32.420.4
0.40.42.420.4
0.50.52.520.5
0.60.62.420.4
0.70.72.120.3
0.80.82.420.8
>10 Hz
<900 Hz1 – 100 Hz0.1 Hz – 10 Hz
PA4000 Power Analyzer43
The menu system
Inputs
Update rate
(seconds)
0.90.92.720.7
1.01.03.021.0
1.11.12.220.9
1.21.22.420.4
1.31.32.620.8
1.41.42.821.0
1.51.53.021.0
1.61.63.220.8
1.71.73.420.4
1.81.83.621.6
1.91.93.820.9
2.02.04.022.0
>10 Hz
<900 Hz1 – 100 Hz0.1 Hz – 10 Hz
Results from channels not in PWM Motor mode will be returned at the specified
rate.
Wiring
This menu may be used to set up the physical inputs of the PA4000. For normal
operation, with the exception of the shunt selection, it is not necessary to change
settings from default.
these
For multiphase measurements, a number of channels can be assigned to a group
allowing precise frequency and phase analysis of the multiphase signals. The
quency of the first channel in the group is used as the fundamental frequency
fre
for all channels in the group, and all phase measurements are relative to the phase
reference (Voltage by default) of the first channel in the group.
Below is a diagram showing how each channel would be connected for each
different wiring mode.
44PA4000 Power Analyzer
The menu system
Single-phase, two-wire and DC
measurements
wire mode.
Depending on the w iring configuration, not all groups will be available. For
example, if wiring is 1p2w for each channel, then the 4 channels will correspond
to the 4 groups. If the wiring is 1p3w for group A, then channels 1 and 2 will be
in-group A. This will leave channels 2 and 3 for a maximum of groups B and C.
Group D cannot exist in this condition.
Group A wiring takes priority, followed by groups B, C and then D. For example,
starting from a 1p2w configuration for all groups, if group A is set to 1p3w, then
group D can’t be set to anything and therefore group C will be 1p2w only. Group
B will have the choice of 1p2, 1p3w and 3p3w.
The ranges are set on a group basis. The ranges will be as follows:
Range #Volts30 A shunt1 A shuntExt. shunt
Auto
32 V0.2 A0.005 A0.003 V
45 V0.5 A0.0125 A0.00375 V
5
620 V2 A0.05 A0.03 V
7
8100 V10 A0.25 A0.15 V
9200 V20 A0.5 A0.3 V
10500 V50 A1.25 A0.375 V
111000 V100 A2.5 A1.5 V
122000 V200 A5 A3 V
10 V1 A0.025 A0.015 V
50 V5 A0.125 A0.0375 V
46PA4000 Power Analyzer
The menu system
Fixed/Auto ranging
Shunts
Default: auto r
For most measurements, auto-ranging is the best choice. Choosing a fixed range
may be useful i
that make the analyzer spend excessive time changing range.
If you choos
then an over range condition will occur. This will be indicated on the screen by
all the results in the over ranged channel flashing on and off. In addition, the
“Vrms” and/or “Arms” will flash to indicate whether the over-range is on either
the voltage channel, the current channel, or both.
Default: 30A shunt
The PA4000 has 3 different current inputs, or shunts. They are:
30A shunt – Used for normal current measurement in the range of 100mA
to 30Arms (200Apk). This selection uses the yellow Ahi and the black Alo
4mm sockets.
1A shunt – Used for small current measurements such as those found in
standby power applications in the range of 2.5mA to 1A. This selection uses
the bl
ange
f the voltage or current is changing continuously or has large peaks
eafixed range, or the peak of the input signal is larger than the range,
ue A1A and the b lack Alo 4mm sockets.
Frequency source
External shun t – Used for the measurement of current where an external
sducer is used and the transducer has a voltage output. The blue and black
tran
2mm sockets on each analog card are used for the external shunt inputs.
WAR NI NG . Passing an rms current of greater than 15 A through the 30 A shunt,
with the selected shunt set to either 1 A or external, can cause damage to the
30 A shunt.
e the Chapter ‘Using External Voltage and Current Transducers’ for further
Se
information.
There are 3 selections under the Frequency Source menu. They are:
Source
Phase Reference
Frequency Range
Source. Default: Voltage
Many measurements (including rms volts, amps and watts) are based on
calculations that are dependent on the correct fundamental frequency being
determined by the analyzer.
PA4000 Power Analyzer47
The menu system
The PA4000 uses
problems created by noise when simple zero-crossing techniques are u sed.
It is therefore not normally necessary to adjust the settings from the default of
voltage.
Volts. Volts is the default frequency source and is suitable for most applications.
Amps. Amps may be selected if the voltage waveform is heavily distorted, but
the current is not. The waveforms at the output of a PWM motor drive are an
example of this.
External Frequency 1 / 2. On the rear of the PA4000 there are 2 counter inputs
on the Auxiliary Inputs / Outputs connector. Either of these can be used as an
external frequency source for signals where there is too much noise on the voltage
and current waveforms. Apply a TTL compatible square wave to the external
input at the re quired frequency.
Phase Reference. Default:
Volts This is the zero reference for phase angle measurements in each group.
Volts. Phase is calculated with respect to the voltage signal on the first channel
in the group.
proprietary techniques to determine frequency that eliminate the
Amps. Phase is c alculated with respecttothecurrentsignalonth
in the group.
External Frequency 1 / 2. Phase is calculated with respect to the external input
signal.
Frequency range. Default: 10 Hz - 50 kHz
There are 4 frequency ranges:
10 Hz - 50 kHz
>10 Hz
1-100Hz
0.1 - 10 Hz (PWM Motor mode only)
For measurements where the fundamental is below 50 kHz, the range of “>10 Hz
and <50 kHz” is recommended, especially at low signal levels.
If the fundamental frequency is greater than >50 kHz, then the range should be
setto“>10Hz”.
1 - 100 Hz and 0.1 - 10 Hz are used in PWM motor mode.
(PWM Motor mode only)
e first channel
Bandwidth
48PA4000 Power Analyzer
Default: High
The menu system
Scaling
The bandwidth i
s set on a per-group basis. Setting the bandwidth will apply a
10 kHz, two-pole filter to the voltage and current channel inputs.
WAR NI NG . If low bandwidth mode is selected, damage can be caused to the 30 A
shunt if the current applied has a fundamental frequency of greater than 10 kHz
and an rms value of greater than 20 A
rms
.
Scaling is used to adj ust the scaled output of transducers such as current
transformers so that the true measured current is displayed on the PA4000. The
scaling fa
ctor will affect every measured value related to the input to which it is
applied.
Maximum s
cale factor: 100000
Minimum scale factor: 0.00001
Volts scaling. Default: 1.0000
he scale factor of the transducer. For example, a 100:1 voltage transformer
Enter t
is used to measure 15 kV. The output of the transformer is 15000 / 100 = 150 V.
Enter the scale factor 100, and the PA4000 will display 15,000 V.
Amps scaling. Default: 1.0000
External phase
compensation
Enterthescalefactorofthetransducerbeing used. For example, the Tektronix
CL1200 produces 1 amp for every 1000 amps flo w ing in the opening of the CL.
It is a 1000:1 current transformer. Enter the scale factor 1000 and the PA4000
l display the correct current.
wil
Scale factor = Transducer Input Current / Transducer Output Current
External shunt scaling. Default: 1.000
is scaling is applied to the current measurement channel voltage inputs. This is
Th
used for current transducers that h ave a voltage output. These include Hall-effect
transducers as well as simple resistive shunts.
The scaling factor is expressed in Amps (read) per Volt (applied).
The default value is 1. This means that with 1 V
will read 1 A
rms
.
applied, the current channel
rms
An example would be a clam p -on Hall-effect current transducer measures up to
100 A. It has a voltage output of 10 mV per Amp, which is equivalent to 100 Amps
per Volt. Enter ‘100.00’ and the PA4000 will display the correct system current.
Not yet implemented.
PA4000 Power Analyzer49
The menu system
Analog inputs
Graphs and waveforms
Default: ±10 V r
The PA4000 has 4 analog inputs on the rear of the instrument. Each of the
4 inputs can used to measure signal from a device such as a torque sensor. Each
of the four inputs has 2 different ranges. The ranges are ±10 V and ±1 V. Each
input is sampled every millisecond the average value over the update rate of
the instrum ent.
Analog inputs are made available to the MATH setup. They can be incorporated
into the MATH formula and displayed on the MATH screen. (See page 52, Math.)
The PA4000 provides 4 graphical ways of displaying data:
Waveforms
Harmonic bar chart
Vector diagram
Integrator graphing
There are menu opt
and vector diagrams. (See page 11, Quick view buttons.)
ange
ions for both waveforms and integrator graphing, bar charts
Waveforms
Integrator parameters
The waveform menu allow s you to select which waveforms to display on the
waveform screen. For each group, you can select any voltage, current or Watts
waveform for each channel in the group for d isplaying on the waveform graph.
(See page 11, Quick view buttons.)
To change groups use the left and right arrow keys at the bottom left of the display.
The Integrator parameter menu allows you to select one parameter to display on
the integrator graphing screen from the list of available integrator parameters
below:
Watt Hou rs
VA Hours
VA r H o u r s
Amp Hours
Watts Average
PF Average
Volts
Amps
50PA4000 Power Analyzer
Interfaces
The menu system
Watts
Fundamental VA-Hours (VAHf)
Fundamental VAr-Hours (VArHf)
Correction VAr
For each waveform selected, there is a choice on the graph menu to turn on or off
the selected parameter for each channel in the group.
Integrator graphing parameters are set on a per-group basis. To change groups use
theleftandrightarrowkeysatthebottomleftofthedisplay.
For more information on setting up the integrator, (See page 41.). For more
information on displaying the integrator waveforms, (See page 16.)
This menu may be used to set up the interfaces of the PA4000.
RS232 baud rate
GPIB Address
Printing
Ethernet Configure
Default: 38400
9600, 19200 and 38400 (default) are available.
The PA4000 uses h ardware handshaking (RTS / CTS) with no parity, 8 data bits
and 1stop bit (N,8,1).
The RS232 baud rate is unchanged after a “*RST” or “:DVC” command.
Default: 6
Enter the GPIB address.
Default address is 6. The address is unchanged after a “*RST” or “:DVC”
command.
Not yet implemented.
The PA4000 offers Ethernet communications through an Ethernet port using
TCP/IP.
The Ethernet port will make a TCP/IP connection o n port 5025. Port 5025 is
designated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to be a SCPI port.
Use the IP Selection Method menu, to opt for a dynamically assigned IP address,
by selecting “Set IP using DHCP”, or a fixed/static IP address by selecting “Fix
IP Address”.
To view the current IP settings, press the [SETUP] key.
PA4000 Power Analyzer51
The menu system
Datalog
Math
To con figure the
Setup menu. This allows entry of the IP address, the subnet mask and the default
gateway. After entering the relevant data press the OK button, in each menu,
to apply.
For basic com m unication needs via TCP/IP the user can try the Agilent
Connection Expert contained in the Agilent IO Libraries Suite 15.0.
The Ethernet mode (Static/DHCP), IP address, default gateway and subnet mask
are unchanged after a “*RST” or “:DVC” command.
Future implementation.
The math results are displayed on a different results screen from the other results.
This improves the ability to view math results. Normal m easurement parameters
can be displa ye d on the m ath results screen. They just have to be specified in a
formula. (See page 18, Math screen.)
static IP address, choose “Static IP Settings” in the Ethernet
The user is able to set the values of up to 3 0 math functions, labelled FN1 through
FN30. For each function you can specify the following:
Name – User-friendly name up to 10 characters. (Default is the same as the
label i.e. FN1). In the menus, the function label is always displayed alongside
the users name for the function.
Units – User friendly units such as W for Watts. (Default is blank). Scaling
such as u, m, k, M will be added to the unit as appropriate. Units are up to
4 characters .
Equation – The actual math formula, up to 100 characters.
Example: W = 21.49, VA = 46.45
Name = “PF”
Units = “PF”
Equation = “CH1:W / CH1:VA” W = 21.49 and VA = 46.45
To select this equation for viewing go to the MATH menu list showing FN1
– FN30 and apply the green tick to the one you wish to view. Next press
the [MATH] hard key to display your equation, the math’s results display
will show “PF 4 63.27 mPF”
Example: CH1:W = 21.49, CH2:W = 53.79
Name = “EFFICIENCY”
52PA4000 Power Analyzer
The menu system
Units = “W”
Equation = “CH1:W / CH2:W”
To select this equation for viewing go to the MATH menu list showing FN1 –
FN30andapplythegreenticktotheoneyouwishtoview. Nextpressthe
[MATH] hard key to display your equation, the math’s results display will
show “EFFICIENCY 399.95 mW “
You can specify any channel or group parameter listed below in addition to the
voltage input on each of the 4 analog inputs.
Valid character are A-Z, 0-9,., x, -, +, /, (, ), :, space, and ^
No more than 255 characters can be used
The number format i
When entering a form ula you can use the left and right arrow keys (
s [+/-] <decimal digits][E[+ /-]exponent]
)tomove
the cursor. This allow s for easy correction and changing of complex formulae.
Each math function can be either enabled or disabled. Only enabled results are
available for display.
The valid channel parameters are CH <1-4> followed by ":" and then one of the
following parameters:
VRMSVolts RMSARMSAmps RMS
WWatts
VAVolt-AmpsVARVolt-Amps Reactive
VDCVolts DCADCAmps DC
VRMN
PFPower FactorVPKPVolts Peak
VPKN
APKN
Rectified Mean Volts
Volts Peak (negative)
Amps Peak (negative)VCFVolts Crest Factor
FREQ
ARMN
APKPAmps P eak
Frequency
Rectified Mean
Amps
(positive)
(positive)
ACFAmps Crest Factor
WFFundamental WattsVARFFundamental
VFFundamental VoltsAFFundamental Amps
PFFFundamental Power FactorRResistance
XReactanceVDFVoltage Distortion
VTHDVoltage Total H armonic
Distortion
ZImpedance
Volt-Amps Reactive
Factor
VTIFVoltage Telephone
Influence Factor
PA4000 Power Analyzer53
The menu system
ADF
ATI F
VHA<1-99>Voltage Harmonic Angle
AHA<1-99>
VRNG
AHRAmpere Ho
VAHRVA HoursVARHWatt Hours
WAVWatts AveragePFAVPF average
CORRVARsCorrection VArs
Current Distortion Factor
Current Telephone Influence
Factor
(1-99)
Current Harmonic Angle
(1-99)
Voltage Range
urs
ATHD
VHM<1-99>Voltage Harmonic
AHM<1-99>
WHM<1-99>Watts Harmonic
ARNGCurrent Range
WHRWatt Hour
TINTIntegra
Current Total
Harmonic Dist
Magnitude (1-99)
Current Harmonic
Magnitude (
Magnitude (1-99)
(Hours)
ortion
1-99)
s
tion Time
The valid group parameters are GRP<A-D > followed by ":SUM:" and then one
of the following parameters:
VRMSVolts RMSARMSAmps RMS
WWattsVAVolt-Amps
VARVolt-Amps ReactivePFPower Factor
AHRAmpere HoursWHRWatt Hours
VAHRVA HoursVARHVAr Hours
WAVWatts AveragePFAVPF average
TINTIntegration Time
WFFundamental WattsVFFundamental Volts
AFFundamental AmpsVARFFundamental
PFFFundamental
Power Factor
CORRVARsCorrection VArs
Volt-Amps Reactive
The follow parameters are used to return the values from the analog inputs:
ANA1Analog Input 1ANA2Analog Input 2
ANA3Analog Input 3ANA4Analog Input 4
In addition, a function can refer to another function by using “FNx” where x is the
function number. Functions will be calculated in the order of 1 through 30, so this
will have to be factored in when writing equations.
Operators available from the front panel keyboard are:
+-x/()
X2- {shown as ^2 and will square the preceding number}
54PA4000 Power Analyzer
The menu system
Xy-{shownas^a
following number}
√ - {shown as SQ
the brackets }
Operators t
SIN(),COS(),TAN(){whichtakeanangle in degrees which is b etween the
brackets an
ASIN(), ACOS() {which take a number between -1 and 1 which is between
the bracke
ATAN() {which takes a number that is between the brackets and return an
angle in d
LN(), LOG() {which returns the logarithm o f the number between the
bracket
Constants that may be typed:
PI() (3.14159)
Tip:.
and TAN() will be entered as whole words whereas ACOS(), ASIN(), ATAN(),
LN() and LOG() must be typed as individual letters when the blue shift key
L.E.D is illuminated.
hat may be typed:
d return its sine, cosine or tangent)
tsandreturnanangleindegrees}
egrees}
s. LN is log to the base e, LOG is log to the b ase 10}
When the blue shift key LED is illuminated operators such as COS(), SIN()
nd will take the preceding number to the power of the
RT() and will take the square root of the number between
System configuration
Blanking
The formula is checked for validity when OK is selected. If there is an error, then
an error message is displayed. If there are no errors then a dialog box will be
displayed showing the calculated value.
To leave the formula entry screen press the back arrow button (
If the math result is invalid (for example, infinity because of a divide by zero)
the display will show 4 dashes.
Default: Enabled
Normally enabled, select Disable to measure voltage or current that is small.
The blanking levels are set to 5% of the currently selected range, with the
exception of the lowest current range. For the lowest current range, blanking
is set to 10%.
If blanking operates on either voltage or current then all rela ted measurements
would be blanked including W, VA and PF.
).
PA4000 Power Analyzer55
The menu system
Update rate
Averaging
Auto Zero
Default: 0.5
The update determines the period over which samples are accumulated and
updated.
The range is 0.2 second to 2 seconds in 0.1 second increments. With update rates
below 0.5 seconds, the number of results that can be updated at that rate is limited.
Default: 1
An averaging depth of between 1 and 10 c an be specified. The default value
is 10. Wit
values being averaged over 5 seconds.
If the range is changed, then the averaging is reset.
Default: On
Normal
automatically. This is called Auto Zero.
Auto Zero should normally be enabled. If it is disabled, then the values obtained
from the last auto zero run will be used.
0
h the update rate set to 0.5 seconds (the default), this corresponds to
ly the PA4000 will canc el any small dc offsets in the meas urement
Host / Client
Clock
Power saving
Selecting Run Now and pressing
takes approximately 100 ms. The state of whether auto zero is either enabled or
disabled will not be changed, and there is no feedback to indicate it has run. The
o zero will only be run on the currently selected ranges.
aut
Future implementation.
These options may be used to check or set the PA4000’s internal c lock:
Set Time - Enter the time using the format shown and press OK to con fi rm.
et Date - Enter the date using the format shown and press OK to confirm.
S
Time Format - Select 12 Hour or 24 Hour and pressto confirm.
Date Format - Select the required date format and pressto confirm.
The PA4000 has the ability to reduce its own power consumption by switching
off the display.
Display. Default: Always on
will run the auto zero immediately. This
56PA4000 Power Analyzer
The menu system
Analyzer configuration
In the display m
Always On – This is the default mode and the display will always be on.
Switch off after 10 minutes – With this selection, the display will switch off
after 10 minutes if no key is pressed. Pressing any key will bring the display
back on. The
Switch off in remote mode – With this selection, if the PA4000 receives a
command via
Pressing any key will turn the display back on, but the PA4000 will remain in
remote mode until the [LOCAL] key is pressed. Pressing the [LOCAL] key to
switch the display on will not return the PA4000 to local mode.
The analyzer configuration menu has the same function a s the [SETUP] key.
Selecting this will display the complete setup of the instrument. You can use the
up and down soft keys to s croll through the configuration.
Pressing the right arrow key will change the configuration screen to display
information on the physical unit. This includes the serial number of the unit, the
firmware version a nd information on the main card and analog cards, including
calibration date.
enu you have 3 options:
key press will perform no other action.
any of the communication interfaces, the display will go off.
nal functionality
Optio
User configuration
Future implementation.
PA4000 has the ability to store and recall up to 8 user configurations and
The
also to recall a default c on figuration.
first option is to ‘Load Default Configuration’. Choosing this option by
The
pressing
defaults are listed in previous sections of this chapter.
Rename – give the configuration a meaningful name. A name can be up to
16 char acte rs.
Save Current Configuration– save a configuration. This is always the
complete setting of the PA4000 at the time you choose this option.
Print – Not yet implemented.
sets every menu option of the PA4000 to its factory default. The
pply – apply the saved configuration.
PA4000 Power Analyzer57
The menu system
Save to USB – Not
LoadfromUSB–Notyetimplemented.
NOTE. Loadin
message. The current configuration of the unit will not be changed.
gaconfiguration that has never been saved will result in an error
yet implemented.
58PA4000 Power Analyzer
Remote operation
Overview
Using the remote commands the PA4000 can be used to perform high
speed, complex or repetitive measurements. All PA4000s have the ability to
communicat
port can be added.
Interfacing with RS232 systems
The RS232 port is a standard PC type 9-way male D-type located on the rear of
the instrument and may be used for remote control of the PM6000. A modem
cable should be used.
The RS232 port uses 8 bits, no parity, one stop bit and hardware flow control.
See Serial Port for a detailed pin description of the RS232 connector. (See
page 98, Serial port.)
Remote operation
e via RS232, Ethernet, or via USB as standard. Optionally, a GPIB
See RS232 Baud Rate for details on the interface menus.(See page 51, RS232baud rate.)
Interfacing with USB systems
The PA4000 supports USB control using the Test and Measurement class.
A detailed pin description of the port, along with speed and connection
information is given in the specifications. (See page 99, USB peripheral.)
Interfacing with Ethernet systems
The PA4000 supports Ethernet control using a 10Base-T network.
See Ethernet Port for more information on the Ethernet connection. (See
page 100, Ethernet port.)
See Ethernet Configure for information on how to set up the Ethernet addressing
information.(See page 51, Ethernet Configure.)
PA4000 Power Analyzer59
Remote operation
Interfacing w
ith GPIB systems (optional)
Status reporting
Status byte
The PA4000 optionally supports control via a GPIB port. This option must be
installedbyanauthorizedTektronix representative.
See IEEE 488/GPIB for a detailed pin description of the GPIB connector. (See
page 98 , IEEE 488 / GPIB (optional).)
The PA4000 uses a similar status byte to IEEE488.2. The PA4000 Status Byte
Register
non-zero state in the Standard Event Status Register (ESR) or the Display Data
Status Register (DSR) respectively.
The ESR and DSR each have enable registers, ESE and DSE respectively, that is
set by the user. These enable registers act as a mask to reflect chosen elements of
the appropriate status registers to the Status Byte Register. Setting the appropriate
bit of the enable register to 1 configures transparency.
If a status register is read, that register is reset to zero.
(STB) contains the ESB and DAS bits. These two bits indicate a
60PA4000 Power Analyzer
Remote operation
Status Byte Register (STB)
PA4000 Power Analyzer61
Read by “*STB?”.
Bit 5 - ESB Summary bit to show standard event status.
Remote operation
Display Data Status
Register (DSR)
Bit 0 - DAS Summa
Read by “:DSR?” or in summary by *STB? DAS bit. On power-up DSR is
initialized to zero. When read using the “:DSR?” comm and the register bits are
cleared as li
Bit4-OVV. Set to indicate there is a voltage range overload. Automatically
cleared when range overload clears.
Bit3-OVA. Set to indicate there is a current range overload. Automatically
cleared when range overload clears.
Bit1-NDV. Set to indicate that new data has become available since the last
:DSR? command. Cleared when read.
sted below.
ry bit to show display data available.
Display Data Status Enable
Register (DSE)
Bit0-DVL. Set to indicate the availability of data. Cleared when read.
Read by “:DSE?” and set by “:DSE <value>”.
Bit4-OVV. Enable OVV bit in DSR.
Bit3-OVA. Enable OVA bit in DSR.
Bit1-NDV. Enable N DV bit in DSR. (Default to enabled on power-up.)
Bit0-DVL. Enable DVL bit in DSR. (Default to enabled on power-up.)
62PA4000 Power Analyzer
Remote operation
Standard Event Status
Register (ESR)
Standard Event Status
Enable Register (ESE)
Read by “*ESR ?”
Bit5-CME. Command error; command not recognized.
Bit 4 – EXE. Command execution error.
Read by “*ESE?” and set by “*ESE <value>”. Cleared when read.
Bit5-CME. Enable CME bit in ESR. (Default to enabled on power-up.)
or in summary by the ESB bit in STB.
Command listing
Bit4-EXE. Enable EXE bit in ESR. (Default to enabled on power-up.)
The following conventions are used for command syntax:
Square brackets indicate optional parameters or keywords [ ]
Triangle brackets indicate values to be specified < >
Vertical bar indicates the choice of parameters |
Commands and res ponses are sent as ASCII strings terminated with a line feed.
The PA4000 is not case sensitive and white space characters are ignored except
where required between command and parameter.
Multiple commands cannot be sent in a single string w here a ‘;’ character is used
at the end of each command.
For all commands where a parameter is supplied, a space is required between the
end of the command and the first parameter i.e. “:SYST:CTYPE? 1” will work.
“:SYST:CTYPE?1” will cause a time out error.
The list of comma nds is split into relevant sections. In general each section
corresponds to a menu option from the main menu on the PA4000.
PA4000 Power Analyzer63
Remote operation
IEEE 488.2 standard commands and status commands
*IDN?
*CLS
*ESE
Unit identity
Syntax*IDN?
Return format
Description
Tektronix, PA4000, serial number, Firmware version
The serial number is the serial number of the main chassis. The firmware
version is the version of the firmware suite, which includes all processors
Clear event status
Syntax*CLS
Return format
Description
Set stan
Syntax*ESE <flags>
Default
Description
dard event status enable register
None
Clears the standard event status register to 0
Where flags = value for enable register as a decimal 0 – 255
48
Sets the bits that are enabled in the standard event status register. The
enable register uses the same bit definitions as the standard event
status
status register
*ESE?
*ESR?
Read standard event status enable register
Syntax*ESE?
Return format
DescriptionReturns the value in the standard event status enable register.
0 - 255
Read event status register
Syntax*ESR?
Return format
DescriptionReturns the value in the standard event status register, AND’ed with the
0 - 255
value in the standard event status enable register. The event status
gister is cleared once it has been read
re
64PA4000 Power Analyzer
Remote operation
*RST
*STB?
:DSE
Reset device
Syntax*RST
Return format
Description
None
Resets the unit configuration to default values (performs the same action
as Load Default Configuration menu option on the front panel)
Tip. Allow 5 – 10 seconds after *RST has been sent prior to executing further
commands to allow all defaults to processed and set.
Read status byte
Syntax*STB?
Return format
DescriptionReturns the value in the status byte, masked by the service request enable
0 - 255
register. Once read, the status byte is cleared to 0
Set Data Status Enable Register
Syntax:DSE <flags>
Default
Description
255
Sets the bits that are enabled in the display status register
:DSE?
:DSR?
:DVC
Read Data Status Enable Register
Syntax:DSE?
Return format
DescriptionReturns the value in the data status enable register
0 – 255
Read Data Status Register
Syntax:DSR?
Return format
DescriptionReturns the value in the data status register, AND’ed with the value in the
0 – 255
data status enable register. The data status register is cleared once it
has been read
Device clear
Syntax:DVC
Return format
Description
None
Performs a soft reboot. This is has the same affect as *RST or
:CFG:USER:LOAD 0 (loading the default user configuration)
PA4000 Power Analyzer65
Remote operation
Channel and gr
:INST:NSEL
:INST:NSEL?
oup commands
The following commands are used to select the active group or channel. They are
similar in concept to pressing the left and right arrow keys to c hange the group or
channel whil
Set active group
Syntax:INST:NSEL <group number>
Return format
Descript
Read active group
Syntax:INST:NSEL?
Return format
Description
ion
e displaying a menu screen.
<group num
of groups available in the PA4000
None
Sets the specified group as the active group for command and actions
that may follow
<group number>
Returns the number of the group selected (between 1 and 4 depending on
wiring configuration)
ber> is an integer between 1 and 4, depending on the number
:INST:NSELC
:INST:NSELC?
Select active channel
Syntax:INST:NSELC <channel number>
<channel number> is an integer between 1 and 4, depending on the
number of channels installed in the PA4000
Return format
Description
None
Sets the number of the channel selected (between 1 and 4 depending on
number of channels installed in the PA4000)
Return active channel
Syntax:INST:NSELC?
Return format
Description
<channel number>
Returns the number of the channel selected (between 1 and 4 depending
on number of channels installed)
66PA4000 Power Analyzer
Remote operation
Unit informat
:CAL:DATE?
:SYST:CTYPE?
ion commands
The Unit Information commands are commands that are used to return information
on the unit beyond the information returned by the *IDN? command.
Calibration date
Syntax:CAL:DATE? <channel number, <date type>
Return formatAppropriate calibration date in the format dd-mm-yyyy
Description
Card type
Syntax:SYST:C
Return
Description
format
Where <channel number> is 1 through 4.
<date type> is 1 through 2
Returns the calibration date from the designated analog card. <date type>
canbeeither:
1=Dateverified
2 = Date adjusted
TYPE? <channel number>
Where <channel number> is 0 through 4
<serial number> is a 12 character string
Facto
IMP - Impedance
RES - Resistance
REA - R
HR - Integrator time *1
WHR - Watt Hours *1
VA Hours *1
VAH VRH - VAr Hours *1
AHR - Amp Hours *1
Average Watts *1
WAV PFAV - Average Power Factor *1
CVAR - Correction
s *1 VF - Fundamental Volts rms
VAr
AF - Fundamental Amps rms
ement>
rement> is:
ncy
s peak (negative)
sDC
srectified mean
lts Total Harmonic
lts Telephone Influence
eactance
68PA4000 Power Analyzer
Select results (cont.)
WF - Fundamental Watts
VAF - Fundamental VA
VARF - Fundamental VAr
PFF - Fundamental Power Factor
VHM - Volts harmonics
AHM - Amps harmonics
WHM - Watts harmonics
*1 – These results are only available
for displaying / returning when the
group is in integrator mode.
Description
:SEL determines which results
are displayed on the screen also
the results returned by the FRD?
command. To see the currently
selected command the “FRF?”
command should be used.
SEL:CLR clears all the results
selected for all groups. Adding the
secondary command of :”GRP” allows
only those results within the specified
group to be cleared.
To add results to a group the
command “:INST:NSEL <group> must
be used first. If it is not, then the last
selected group will be affected (or
group 1 if no group has previously
been selected).
Remote operation
PA4000 Power Analyzer69
Remote operation
:FRF?
Read selected r
Syntax:FRF?
Description
esults
:FRF:GRP<group>?
:FRF:CH<chan
Where <group> is a group number 1 through 4
Where <channel> is a channel number 1 through 4
FRF? and FRF:GRP? commands are used to return a list of the displayed
results. Th
<group>, <number of measurements selected>, <number of results
returned>, <measurement 1>,<measurement 2>,…. and so forth,
<group>,<
<number of measurements selected> is the number of measurements
selected using either the front panel or the SEL command
<number of
used. When harmonics are selected, the number of results returned will
exceed the number of measurements selected
<measure
The returned data will be the same as the label used on the results display.
For harmonics “Vharm”, “Aharm and ‘Wharm” will be returned
Each valu
FRF? will return the selections for all groups
:FRF:CH<channel>? will return the list of results for a particular channel.
This is u
command will be the s ame as “FRF:GRP?, except the channel number
will also be included. For example:
<group
results returned>, <measurement 1>,<measurement 2>,…. and so forth,
<group>,<channel>, <number of measurements selected>,…
nel>?
e actual result is not returned. The return format is:
number of measurements selected>,…
results returned> equates to the number of rows on the display
ment 1> and so fort, is the name of the measurement selected.
e will be returned separated by a comma
seful for ease of measurements. The data returned for this
>, <channel>, <number of measurements selected>, <number of
iption
sults
<measurement> is the list of measurements defined in :SEL.
osition> is the position in the list of results on the screen and is
<new p
in the range 1 through 43.
The move command is used to change the order of results on both the
screen in the returned results using FRD?. FRF? can be used to confirm
rder of results.
the o
:MOVE
Move re
Syntax:MOVE:<measurement> <new position>
Descr
70PA4000 Power Analyzer
Remote operation
:FRD?
Read foregroun
Syntax:FRD?
Description
d data
:FRD:CH<ch>?
:FRD:GRP<gro
Where <ch> is a channel number 1 through 4
Where <group> is a group number 1 through 4
The FRD commands returns results from the analyzer. The results are
returned in
result is a floating point number separated by a comma
The sequence is determined by order in which results are displayed on the
front panel
the order using the front panel of the instrument, or by using the :MOVE
command
Results wi
display. This means that if the user has selected SUM results or maximum
and minimum results to be display ed, then these results will also be
returned
For :FRD:CH<ch>?, if minimum or maximum results are selected, these
will be returned. The o rder will be <min>, <ch>, <max>
For :FRD:
selected, these will be returned. The order will be <min>, <ch>, <max>,
For :FRD
of the results with the group will be the same as the :FRD:GRP<group
>? command
up>?
the order in which they are displayed on the screen. Each
. The sequence can be configured either by the user changing
ll be returned column by column starting from the left of the
GRP<group>?, if minimum, maximum or SUM results are
?, each group will be returned starting with group A. The order
Measurement configuration commands
rement configuration commands correspond to the Measurement
Measu
Configuration Menu. (See page 37, Measurements configuration.)
:HMX:VLT/AMP
Commands for configuring the display of harmonics.
Harmonics configuration
tax
Syn
Description
X:VLT:SEQ <value>
:HM
:HMX:AMP:SEQ <value>
Where <value> equals 0 for odd and even and 1 for odd only.
If harmonics measurements are selected (see :SEL), the PA4000 can
splay all harmonics, or just the odd number harmonics from the first
di
harmonic up to the number specified.
This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command first
select the active group.
to
PA4000 Power Analyzer71
Remote operation
Harmonics configuration (cont.)
Syntax:HMX:VLT:RNG <value>
:HMX:AMP:RNG <value>
Where value> = the maximum harmonic to be display in the range of 1
to 100.
Description
Syntax:HMX:VLT:FOR <value>
Description
If harmonics measurements are selected (see :SEL), the PA4000 will
display all the harmonics up to the number specified by <value >. The
harmonics displayed can be restricted to odd numbered harmonics only
using the harmonic sequence command.
This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command first
to select the active group.
:HMX:AMP:FOR <value>
Where <value>
= 0 absolute values
= 1 percentage values
If harmonics measurements are selected (see :SEL), the PA4000 can
display all harmonics (except the first) as an absolute value or as a
percentage of the fundamental (first) harmonic.
This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command first
to select the active group.
:HMX:VLT/AMP:DF
Commands for setting up the distortion factor measurements.
tortion factor setup
Dis
X:VLT:DF:REF <value>
Syntax
Description
:HM
:HMX:AMP:DF:REF <value>
Where <value> = 0 fundamental
ms
=1r
r distortion factor readings (also known as the difference formula),
Fo
the reference on the denominator of the equation can be either the rms
reading or the fundamental harmonic reading.
is command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command first
Th
to select the active group.
72PA4000 Power Analyzer
Remote operation
:HMX:VLT/AMP:THD
Commands for se
tting up the total harmonic distortion measurements.
Total harmonic distortion setup
Syntax
Description
Syntax:HMX:VLT:THD:SEQ <value>
Description
Syntax:HMX:VLT:THD:RNG <value>
Description
Syntax
Description
:HMX:VLT:THD:REF <value>
:HMX:AMP:THD:REF <value>
Where <value> = 0 fundamental
=1rms
For total harmonic distortion (THD) readings (also known as the series
formula), the reference on the denominator of the equation can be either
the rms reading or the fundamental harmonic reading.
This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command first
to select the active group.
:HMX:AMP:THD:SEQ <value>
Where <value> = 0 for odd and even
= 1 for odd only
For total harmonic distortion (THD) readings (also known as the series
formula), the harmonics used in the measurement can include all
harmonics up to the specified number or only the odd harmonics.
This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command first
to select the active group.
:HMX:AMP:THD:RNG <value>
Where <value> = the maximum harmonic to be display in the range of 2
to 100.
For total harmonic distortion (THD) readings (also known as the series
formula), <value > is used to specify the maximum harmonic number
used in the formula.
This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command first
to select the active group.
:HMX:VLT:THD:NZ <value>
:HMX:AMP:THD:NZ <value>
Where <value> = 0 for exclude
= 1 for include
For total harmonic distortion (THD) readings (also known as the series
formula), the formula can either include or exclude the DC component.
This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command first
to select the active group.
PA4000 Power Analyzer73
Remote operation
:HMX:VLT/AMP:TIF
:MIN
Telephone influ
Syntax
Description
ence factor set-up
:HMX:VLT:TIF
:HMX:AMP:TIF:REF <value>
Where <value> = 0 fundamental
=1rms
For telephon
of the equation can be either the rms reading or the fundamental harmonic
reading.
This comman
to select the active group.
:REF <value>
einfluence factor readings, the reference on the denominator
d works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command first
Minimum column
Syntax
DescriptionThe MIN command adds a column to the results that displays the minimum
Syntax:MIN?
Return0 or 1
Description
:MIN <value>
Where <value> = 0 for disabled
= 1 for enabled
value of each parameter since the last time the minimum values were
reset. A column is added for each channel in the group, as well as for
SUM results if they are selected.
Enabling the column will always reset the MIN and MAX values for the
currently selected group. The values can also be reset by using the :RES
command or pressing the [RESET/CLEAR] button on the front panel.
To reset the MIN hold values, send the command :MIN 1 to re-enable the
column. N ote that both MIN and MA X hold values will be reset.
This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command first
to select the active group.
Returns the status of the minimum value c olumn. A 0 will be returned
if disabled; a 1 if enabled.
This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command first
to select the active group.
74PA4000 Power Analyzer
Remote operation
:MAX
Maximum column
Syntax
DescriptionThe MAX command adds a column to the results that displays the
Syntax:MAX?
Return0 or 1
ion
Descript
:MAX <value>
Where <value> = 0 for disabled
= 1 for enabled
maximum value of each parameter since the last time the maximum values
were reset. A
for SUM results if they are selected.
Enabling the column will always reset the MIN and MAX values for the
currently s
command or pressing the [RESET/CLEAR] button on the front panel.
To reset the MAX hold values, send the command :MAX 1 to re-enable the
column. Not
This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command first
to select the active group.
Returns the status of the maximum value column. A 0 will be returned
if disabled; a 1 if enabled.
This com
to select the active group.
column is added for each channel in the group, as well as
elected group. The values can also be reset by using the :RES
e that both MIN and MAX hold values will be reset.
mand works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command first
:SUM
SUM results
Syntax:SUM <value>
Where <value> = 0 for disabled
= 1 for enabled
Description
Syntax:SUM?
Return0 or 1
Description
The SUM command adds a column to the results that displays the SUM
values of each parameter selected (where applicable) for a group. This
command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command first to select
the active group. If the currently selected groups wiring mode is 1 phase, 2
wire, then a request to add SUM results will be ignored.
Returns the status of the SUM results column. A 0 will be returned if
disabled; a 1 if enabled.
This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command first
to select the active group.
PA4000 Power Analyzer75
Remote operation
Mode setup commands
The mode set up commands correspond to the Modes menu. (See page 40,
Modes.) They are used to control how groups are configured to measure
parameters in certain conditions.
:MOD
Mode
Syntax:MOD:NOR (normal mode)
:MOD:BAL (ballast mode)
:MOD:SBY (standby power mode)
:MOD:INT (integrator mode)
:MOD:PWM (PWM Motor mode)
Description
Syntax:MOD?
Return formatMode number from 0 to 4.
Description
This command will set the mode for the group. Since this command works
with a group, use the :INST:NSEL command first to select the active group.
This command will return a reference to mode for the active group. Since
this command works with a group, use the :INST:NSEL command first
to select the active group.
The returned values are:
0 – Normal Mode
1 – Ballast Mode
2 – Standby Power Mode
3 – Integrator Mode
4–PWMMotorMode
:MOD:BAL
Ballast mode
Syntax:MOD:BAL:FREQ <value>
Where <value> is the power frequency in the range of 45 to 1000Hz.
Description
Syntax:MOD:BAL:FREQ?
Return formatBallast frequency for the selected group.
Description
This command will set the power frequency for ballast mode. (See
page 40, Ballast mode.) Since this command works with a group, use the
:INST:NSEL command first to select the active group.
This command returns the ballast frequency for the active group. Since
this command works with a group, use the :INST:NSEL command first
to select the active group.
76PA4000 Power Analyzer
Remote operation
:MOD:SBY
:MOD:INT
Standby mode
Syntax:MOD:SBY:PER <value>
Where <value> is the standby power integration period in the range of
1 to 1200 secon
Description
Syntax:MOD:SBY:PER?
Return
Description
This command
(See page 41, Standby power mode.) Since this command works with a
group, use the :INST:NSEL command first to select the active group.
Integration period for the selected group.
This command will return integration period for the active group. Since
this com m
to select the active group.
ds as an integer.
will set the integration period for standby power mode.
and works with a group, use the :INST:NSEL command first
Integrator mo de
Syntax:MOD:INT:ST:METH <method> Where < method >
0 = manual
1=clock
2=level
NOTE: Since the integrator is a group function, use the :INST:NSEL
command first to select the active group.
Description
Syntax:MOD:INT:ST:CLK:TIME <time>
Description
Syntax:MOD:INT:ST:CLK:DATE <date>
DescriptionThis will set integrator start date when used in clock start method. Data in
Syntax:MOD:INT:ST:LVL:CH <channel>
Description
Syntax:MOD:INT:ST:LVL:SIG: <measurement>
Description
Syntax:MOD:INT:ST:LVL:THRES <threshold>
Description
Sets the starting method for the integrator.
Where <time> is either hh:mm:ssA/P or :hh:mm:ss.
Sets integrator start time when used in clock start method. Data in input
in the same format a s the user has requested.
Where <date> is either dd:mm:yyyy or :mm:dd:yyyy or yyyy:m m :dd.
input in the same format as the user has requested.
Where <channel> is 1 through 4
Sets the channel to use for level trigger. Specified as 1,2, 3 or 4. If the
channel number is not valid, then the ESR bit will be set.
Where <measurement> is the measurement as defined in the :SEL
command. (See page 68, :SEL.)
Sets the signal to be monitored for comparison against the threshold. The
command is followed by the normal signal selection parameter such as
VRMS or PWF.
Set the threshold level. A float from ± 1E9.
PA4000 Power Analyzer77
Remote operation
Integrator mode (cont.)
Syntax:MOD:INT:ST:LVL:DIR <direction>
Where <direction> is 0 for “≥” and 1 for “≤”
Description
Syntax:MOD:INT:DUR <duration> Where <duration> is the time in minutes
Description
Syntax:MOD:INT:PF <power factor">
Description
Syntax:MOD:INT:RUN
Description
Syntax:MOD:INT:STOP
Description
Syntax:MOD:INT:RESET
Description
Sets the direction of signal change when using level trigger start.
Sets the duration for integration. Value of 0.0 to 10,000.
Where <power factor"> is the desired power factor in the r ange of +1 to –1
Sets the desired power factor for correction VArs. Value of +1.0 to –1.0.
Starts integration for the currently selected group.
Stops integration on all running integrators.
Resets integration for the currently selected group.
D:PWM
:MO
Input setup commands
:WRG
motor mode
PWM
NOTE: There are no specific PWM Motor mode command other than the
normal :MOD:PWM command to select PWM Motor mode.
The input setup commands correspond to the Inputs menu. (See page 44, Inputs.)
hey are used to control how signal inputs to the PA4000 are channelled and
T
controlled.
Wiring configuration
Syntax:WRG:1P2 - Set 1 phase, 2 wire
:WRG:1P3 - Set 1 phase, 3 wire
:WRG:3P3 - Set 3 phase, 3 wire
:WRG:3P4 - Set 3 phase, 4 wire
Description
Sets up the wiring configuration for the group currently selected. Use the
:INST:NSEL command first to select the active group.
78PA4000 Power Analyzer
Remote operation
:NAME
:RNG
Group name
Syntax
Description
Syntax:NAME?
Return formatGroup name up to 8 characters.
Descripti
on
:NAME <value>
Where <value> = 8 characters for group name
This command will set the display name for the group. The limit is 8
characters, per group name. Since this c ommand works with a group, use
the :INST:NS
Where <value> = 8 characters for group name
This command will return the display name for the active group. Since
this command works with a group, use the :INST:NSEL command first
to select
EL command first to select the active group.
the active g roup.
Ranging
Syntax:RNG:VLT | AMP:FIX <range>
:RNG:VLT | AMP:AUT
VLT = set voltage ranging
AMP = set current ranging
FIX = Fixed ranging
AUT = auto ranging
Where <range> = range number from 1 to 12.
Description
Range #
Auto
32 V0.2 A0.005 A0.003 V
45 V0.5 A0.0125 A0.0075 V
5
620 V2 A0.05 A0.03 V
7
8100 V10 A0.25 A0.15 V
9200 V20 A0.5 A0.3 V
10500 V50 A1.25 A0.75 V
111000 V100 A2.5 A1.5 V
122000 V200 A5 A3 V
Syntax:RNG:VLT | AMP?
Return0 through 12.
Description
Sets the range for the currently selected group, Use the :INST:NSEL
command first to select the active group.
The range numbers for each input are defined below:
Volts30 A shunt1 A shuntExt. shunt
10 V1 A0.025 A0.015 V
50 V5 A0.125 A0.075 V
Returns the range confi guration that applies to the currently selected group.
If the currently selected group is in auto-range, then 0 will be returned.
PA4000 Power Analyzer79
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