Tektronix PA4000 Manual Addendum

Tektronix, Inc. P.O. Box 500 Beaverton, Oregon 97077-0001 503 627-7111

Tektronix Model PA4000 Power Analyzer manual addendum.

WARNING - Risk of serious personal injury or death from electric shock. Please read immediately before using your PA-4000.

The specification of the Tektronix Model PA-4000 has changed to 600 Vrms maximum.

Everywhere in this manual where a maximum voltage rating of 1000 Vrms is stated, it should read 600 Vrms.

Your product should also be labeled for 600 Vrms maximum on the rear panel. If your product is still labeled for 1000 Vrms, call your local Tektronix customer service center to arrange a recall and correction of your instrument.

The correct rear panel label is shown:

Revision A - May, 2015

PA4000

ZZZ

Power Analyzer

User Manual

*P077081501*

077-0815-01

PA4000

ZZZ

Power Analyzer

User Manual

Firmware version 1.0.037

www.tektronix.com

077-0815-01

Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions.

Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Speciﬁcations and price change privileges reserved.

TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

Contacting Tektronix

Tektronix, Inc. 14150 SW Karl Braun Drive P.O. Box 500 Beaverto USA

For product information, sales, service, and technical support:

n, OR 97077

In North America, call 1-800-833-9200. Worldwide, visit www.tektronix.com to ﬁnd contacts in your area.

Warranty

Tektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3) years from the date of shipment. If any such product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be n the property of Tektronix.

ew or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and products become

In order to o the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, with shipping charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for product s returned to any other locations.

This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage result b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modiﬁed or integrated with other p roducts when the effect of such modiﬁcation or integration increases the time or difﬁculty of servicing the product.

THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES O F MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

TRONIX' RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE

TEK AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS W IL L NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY IN DIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTR ONIX OR THE VENDOR H AS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

[W4 – 15AUG04]

btain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of

ing from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product;

Table of Contents

General safety summary .......... ................................ .................................. .............. vi

Compliance information ......................................................................................... viii

EMC compliance ............. .................................. .................................. ........... viii

Safety compliance ............................................................................................. x

Environmental considerations.............................................................................. xii

Preface ............................................................................................................. xiii

Features and abilities . . . ..... . ..... . .... . . ...... . ..... . ..... . . .... . . ..... . ..... . .... . . ...... . ..... . ..... . . ... xiii

Package contents............................................................................................. xiii

Accessories ................................................................................................... xiv

Getting started...... . ..... . ..... . . ... . . . ... . . . ..... . ..... . .... . . .... . . . ..... . ..... . ..... . . ... . . . ..... . ..... . ..... . . .. 1

Before you begin - safety ................ .................................. .................................. . 1

Power on ................................. .................................. ................................ ..... 2

Concept of global, group and channel parameters ......................................................... 3

Connecting to the product under test ........................................................................ 4

Default measurements......................................................................................... 6

Navigating the results screen ................................................................................. 7

Navigating the menu system.................................................................................. 8

On screen help .............. ................................ .................................. ................. 9

Front panel operation.............................................................................................. 11

Front panel layout............................................................................................. 11

Quick view buttons ........................................................................................... 11

Soft keys....................................................................................................... 21

Operational and alphabetical buttons ....................................................................... 22

Number and equation buttons ............................................................................... 23

Logging data to a memory device....................................... .................................. .. 24

Connecting signals ................ .................................. .................................. ............ 26

Input overview ...................... .................................. .................................. ...... 26

To connect a simple current transformer ............. ................................ ...................... 28

To connect an external resistive shunt .................................. ................................ .... 29

To connect a transducer with a voltage output............................................................. 30

To connect a voltage transformer / transducer............................................................. 31

Power for external transducers .............................................................................. 32

The menu system .................................................................................................. 33

Navigation ............... .................................. .................................. .................. 33

Menu items .................................. ................................ .................................. 33

Main menu..................................................................................................... 33

Measurements ................................................................................................. 33

Measurements conﬁguration........................................... .................................. .... 37

Modes .......................................................................................................... 40

PA4000 Power Analyzer i

Table of Contents

Inputs........................................................................................................... 44

Graphs and waveforms....................................................................................... 50

Interfaces ...................................................................................................... 51

Datalog......................................... ................................ ................................ 52

Math.... ................................ .................................. .................................. .... 52

System conﬁguration......... .................................. .................................. ............ 55

User conﬁguration ............................................................................................ 57

Remote operation .................................................................................................. 59

Overview ................ .................................. ................................ .................... 59

Interfacing with RS232 systems ................ .................................. .......................... 59

Interfacing with USB systems............................................................................... 59

Interfacing with Ethernet systems........... .................................. .............................. 59

Interfacing with GPIB systems (optional) ................................................................. 60

Status reporting ..................... .................................. ................................ ........ 60

Command listing.............................................................................................. 63

IEEE 488.2 standard commands and status commands .................................................. 64

Channel and group commands .............................................................................. 66

Unit information commands..... .................................. .................................. ........ 67

Measurement selection and reading commands ................... .................................. ...... 67

Measurement conﬁguration commands .................................................................... 71

Mode setup commands... ................................ .................................. .................. 76

Input setup commands ....................................................................................... 78

Graph and waveform commands.................... .................................. ...................... 83

Interface commands .. .................................. ................................ ...................... 83

Datalog command .............. ................................ .................................. ............ 85

Math commands .................... .................................. .................................. ...... 86

System conﬁguration commands............................................................................ 87

User conﬁguration commands................... .................................. .......................... 90

Sending and receiving commands .......................................................................... 90

Communications examples .......................... ................................ ........................ 91

Software .................. .................................. .................................. ...................... 94

PA4000 download software.................................................................................. 94

Speciﬁcations .......................... .................................. .................................. ........ 96

Measurement channel ...................... .................................. ................................ 96

Power input........................................ ................................ ............................ 97

Mechanical and environmental.............................................................................. 97

Optional parts ................................................................................................. 97

Communication ports......................................................................................... 98

Auxiliary inputs/outputs ................................................................................... 100

Host/Client port....... .................................. ................................ .................... 101

Measured parameters....................................................................................... 101

ii PA4000 Power Analyzer

Table of Contents

One phase, thre

Three phase, four wire SUM formulae ....... ................................ ............................ 104

Measurement accuracy ......................... .................................. .......................... 104

Index

e wire SUM formulae...... .................................. ............................ 103

PA4000 Power Analyzer iii

Table of Contents

List of Figure

iv PA4000 Power Analyzer

List of Tables

Table 1: Phase measurements .................. .................................. .............................. 101

Table of Contents

PA4000 Power Analyzer v

General safety summary

General safet

To avoid ﬁre or personal

injury

ysummary

Review the fo this product or any products connected to it.

To avoid pot

Only qualiﬁed personnel should perform service procedures.

While using this product, you may need to access other parts of a larger system. Read the safety sections of the other component manuals for warnings and cautions r

Use proper power cord. Use only the power cord speciﬁed for this p roduct and certiﬁed for the country of use.

Connect and disconnect properly. Do not connect or disconnect probes or test leads while they are connected to a voltage source.

Connect and disconnect properly. De-energize the circuit under test before connecting or disconnecting the current probe.

Ground the product. This product is grounded through the g rounding conductor of the power cord. To avoid electric shock, the grounding conductor must be connected to earth ground. Before making connections to the input or output terminals of the product, ensure that the product is properly grounded.

llowing safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to

ential hazards, use this product only as speciﬁed.

elated to operating the system.

Observe all terminal ratings. To avoid ﬁre or shock hazard, observe all ratings and markings on the product. Consult the product manual for further ratings information before making connections to the product.

Do not apply a potential to any terminal, including the common terminal, that exceeds the maximum rating of that terminal.

Power disconnect. The power switch disconnects the product from the power source. See instructions for the location. Do not block the power switch; it must

emain accessible to the user at all times.

Do not operate without covers. Do not operate this product with covers or panels removed.

Do not operate with suspected failures. If you suspect that there is damage to this product, have it inspected by qualiﬁed service personnel.

Avoid exposed circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and components when power is present.

Use proper fuse. Use only the fuse type and rating speciﬁed for this product.

vi PA4000 Power Analyzer

General safety summary

Terms in this manual

Symbols and terms on the

product

Do not operate i

Do not operate in an explosive a tmosphere.

Keep product surfaces clean and dry.

Provide prop

on installing the product so it has proper ventilation.

These terms may appear in this manual:

WAR NI NG .

in injury or loss of life.

CAUTION

damage to this product or other property.

These t

erms may appear on the product:

DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the ma

n wet/damp conditions.

er ventilation. Refer to the manual's installation instructions for details

Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result

. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in

rking.

WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you

the marking.

read

CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.

The following symbol(s) may appear on the product:

PA4000 Power Analyzer vii

Compliance information

Compliance in

EMC compliance

EC Declaration of Conformity – EMC

formation

This section environmental standards with which the instrument complies.

Meets intent of Directive 2 004/108/EC for Electromagnetic Compatibility. Compliance was demonstrated to the following speciﬁcations as listed in the Ofﬁcial Journal of the European Communities:

EN 61326-1 2006. EMC requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use.

CISPR 11:2003. Radiated and conducted emissions, Group 1, Class A

IEC 61000-4-2:2001. Electrostatic discharge immunity

IEC 61000-4-3:2002. RF electromagnetic ﬁeld immunity

IEC 61000-4-4:2004. Electrical fast transient / burst im munity

IEC 61000-4-5:2001. Power line surge immunity

lists the EMC (electromagnetic compliance), safety, and

123

EC Declaration of Conformity – EMC

IEC 61000-4-6:2003. Conducted RF immunity

IEC 61000-4-11:2004. Voltage dips and interruptions immunity

EN 61000-3-2:2006. AC power line harmonic emissions

EN 61000-3-3:1995. Voltage changes, ﬂuctuations, and ﬂicker

European contact.

Tektronix UK, Ltd. Western Peninsula West ern Road Bracknell, RG12 1RF United Kingdom

Meets intent of Directive 2 004/108/EC for Electromagnetic Compatibility. Compliance was demonstrated to the following speciﬁcations as listed in the Ofﬁcial Journal of the European Communities:

EN 61326-1:2006, EN 61326-2-1:2006. EMC requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use.

CISPR 11:2003. Radiated and conducted emissions, Group 1, Class A

123

IEC 61000-4-2:2001. Electrostatic discharge immunity

viii PA4000 Power Analyzer

Compliance information

IEC 61000-4-3:

2002. RF electromagnetic ﬁeld immunity

IEC 61000-4-4:2004. Electrical fast transient/burst immunity

IEC 61000-4-5:2001. Power line surge immunity

IEC 61000-4-6:2003. Conducted RF immunity

IEC 61000-4-11:2004. Voltage dips and interruptions immunity

EN 61000-3-2:2006. AC power line harmonic emissions

EN 61000-3

-3:1995. Vo ltage changes, ﬂuctuations, and ﬂicker

European contact.

Tektronix UK, Ltd. Western Peninsula Western Ro ad Brackn

ell, RG12 1RF

United Kingdom

oduct is intended for use in nonresidential areas only. Use in residential areas may cause electromagnetic

This pr interference.

ons which exceed the levels required by this standard may o ccur when this equipment is connected to a

Emissi test object.

mpliance with the EMC standards listed here, high quality shielded interface cables should be used.

For co

Performance Criterion C applied at the 70%/25 cycle Voltage-Dip and the 0%/250 cycle Voltage-Interruption test

s (IEC 61000-4-11).

level

PA4000 Power Analyzer ix

Compliance information

Safety compli

ance

EC Declaration of

Conformity – Low Voltage

U.S. natio

nally recognized

testing laboratory listing

Canadian certiﬁcation

Additional compliances

Equipment type

Compliance was demonstrated to the following speciﬁcation as listed in the Ofﬁcial Journal of the European Communities:

Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC.

EN 61010-1: 2001. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use.

UL 61010-1:2004, 2ndEdition. Standard for electrical measuring and test equipment.

CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1:2004. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use. Part 1.

IEC 61010-1: 2001. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and labor atory use.

nd measuring equipment.

Test a

Safety class

Pollution degree

description

Class 1 – grounded product.

A measure of the contaminants that could occur in the environment a round and within a product. Typically the internal environment inside a product is considered to be the same as the external. Products should be used only in the environment for which they are rated.

Pollution Degree 1. No pollution or only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs. Products in this category are generally encapsulated, hermetically sealed, or

catedincleanrooms.

Pollution Degree 2. Norm ally only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs.

ccasionally a temporary conductivity that is caused by condensation must

O be expected. This location is a typical ofﬁce/home environment. Temporary condensation occurs only when the product is out of service.

Pollution Degree 3. Conductive pollution, or dry, nonconductive pollution that becomes conductive due to condensation. These are sheltered locations where neither temperature nor humidity is controlled. The area is protected from direct sunshine, rain, or direct wind.

Pollution Degree 4. Pollution that generates persistent conductivity through conductive dust, rain, or snow. Typical outdoor locations.

x PA4000 Power Analyzer

Compliance information

Pollution d egr e e

Installation (overv oltage )

category descriptions

Overvoltage category

Pollution Degr

Terminals on this product may have different installation (overvoltage) category designations. The installation categories are:

Measurement Category IV. For measurements performed at the source of low-voltage installation.

Measurement Category III. For measurements performed in the building installation.

Measurement Category II. For measurements perform ed on circuits directly connected to the low-voltage installation.

Measurement Category I. For measurements performed on circuits not directly connected to MAINS.

Overvol

ee 2 (as deﬁned in IEC 61010-1). Note: Rated for indoor use only.

tage Category II (as deﬁned in IEC 61010-1).

PA4000 Power Analyzer xi

Compliance information

Environmental considerations

This section provides information about the environmental impact of the product.

Product end-of-life

handling

Restriction of hazardous

substances

Observe the f

Equipment recycling. Production of this equipment required the extraction and use of natural resources. The equipment may contain substances that could be harmful to the environment or human health if improperly handled at the product’s end of life. To avoid release of such substances into the environment and to reduce the an appropriate system that will ensure that most of the materials are reused or recycled appropriately.

This pr scope of the 2002/95/EC RoHS Directive.

ollowing guidelines when recycling an instrument or component:

use of natur al resources, w e encourage yo u to recycle this product in

This symbol indicates that this product complies with the applicable European Union re on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and batteries. For information about recycling options, check the Support/Service section of the Tektr on

oduct is classiﬁed as Monitoring and Control equipment, and is outside the

quirements according to Directives 2002/96/E C and 2006/66/EC

ixWebsite(www.tektronix.com).

xii PA4000 Power Analyzer

Preface

Features and abilities

Preface

The Tektronix PA4000 is a powerful and versatile precision power analyzer. Designed to provide clear and accurate measurements of electrical power and energy on all electrical products, the PA4000 is both an easy to u se bench instrument and a fast and programmable automatic test interface.

Basic features

Measures Watts, Volts, Amps, Volt-Amperes and Power Factor. Always accurate, even on distorted waveforms.

100 harmonics for voltage, current, and Watts as standard.

1 to 4 channels for multiphase measurements.

Quick access to results, graphing and menus.

Built in 30 A and 1 A shunt.

Range of measurement from milliwatts to megawatts.

Bright color display.

Comprehensive range of computer interfaces including RS232, USB, GPIB (optional) and Ethernet.

Data logging to USB memory device.

±15 V supply for external transducers (optional).

Easy-to-use menu system with context-sensitive help.

Built in math screen where any result can be manipulated and displayed. Ideal for measu rements such as efﬁciency.

Package contents

The following items are supplied with your PA4000.

Please check that you have every item and report any m issing items to your Tektronix supplier as soon as possible.

PA4000 Power Analyzer chassis containing the analog cards and any other options you ordered.

Certiﬁcate of Conformance and Calibration for each analog card.

CD, which includes the user manual and calibration data.

Mains power cable.

PA4000 Power Analyzer xiii

Preface

Accessories

2 pairs of measu

1 USB cable.

WARNING. To a

PA4000.

Please see www.tek.com for available accessories. These include the following:

Spare meas uring le

A range of current transformers to extend the measuring range from < 1 mA to 1200 A

Connectors for the 2 mm external shunt input

Communications leads (RS232, etc.)

ring leads for each analog card.

void injury, only use safety measuring leads supplied with the

ad set

xiv PA4000 Power Analyzer

Getting started

Before you beg

Qualiﬁed personnel

in - safety

Carefully read and adhere to the following warning statements before you connect the Power Analyzer.

WAR NI NG . To

• By connecting the Power Analyzer to active circuits, the terminals and certain parts insi

• If possible, open the circuit before establishing a connection to the Power Analyzer.

• Before connecting the circuits, ensure that the maximum measuring voltage and maximum voltage to earth ground (1000 V

• Do not use leads and accessories that do not comply with relevant safety standa

• Shunts and conductors can generate heat when in use and surfaces may burn the skin.

This product may be operated only by qualiﬁed personnel. This means only persons who are familiar with the installation, assembly, connection, inspection of co following areas:

avoid possible electric shock or personal injury:

de the Power Analyzer are live.

, CAT II) is not exceeded.

rms

rds, as th is could lead to seriou s injury or death from electric shock.

nnections, and operation of the analyz er and who have been trained in the

Installation

tching on/off, enabling, earth-grounding and identiﬁcation of electrical

Swi circuits and services/systems according to the applicable safety standards.

intenance and operation of appropriate sa fety gear, in accordance with the

Ma applicable safety standards.

irst aid.

Ensure that all persons using the device have read and fully understood the

perators Manual and safety instructions.

Mains connection must conform to these ranges/values: 100 – 240 V, 50/60 Hz.

The device may only be used under certain ambient conditions. Ensure that the actual ambient conditions conform to the admissible conditions speciﬁed in this manual.

Ensure this product is installed in such a way that its power cable is accessible at all times and can easily be disconnected.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 1

Getting started

Before each use

Connection sequence

Ensure that the connected d evices used in conjunction with this product are in proper working order and clean.

Ensure that any third-party accessories used in conjunction with the device conform to the applicable IEC61010-031 / IEC61010-2-032 standards and are suitable for the respective measuring voltage range.

WARNING. To avoid possible electric shock or personal injury:

When the measuring circuit is used to measure MAINS, the voltage to earth may not exceed 1000 V

For safety reasons, when c onnecting a circuit to the Power Analyzer, proceed in the sequence outlined as follows:

1. Connect the Power Analyzer power cord to a properly grounded mains outlet. The Power Analyzer is now connected to the protective earth ground wire.

2. Power on the Power Analyzer.

power and connecting cables as well a s all accessories and

in a CAT II environment.

rms

Power on

During use

3. Conne

1. Check the power analyzer is in good condition with no signs of damage.

2. Follow the Connection Sequence described in the Before You Begin - Safety

ct the measuring circuit according to all instructions and as shown in

the connection diagrams in this manual.

For connection work, work in teams of at least two persons.

If you detect any d amage to the housing, controls, p ower cable , connecting leads, or connected devices, immediately disconnect the unit from the power

ply.

sup

you are in doubt as regards the safe operation of the device, immediately

If shut down the unit and the respective accessories, secure them against inadvertent switching on, and have them serviced by a qualiﬁed service person.

section. (See page 1.)

2 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Getting started

3. After pressing

The PA4000 will start its power up sequence. This takes approximately

15 seconds.

During power up you will see the PA4000 serial number and ﬁrmware

version.

4. The instrument is now ready for use.

the power switch at the front to on ( I).

Concept of global, group and channel parameters

Deﬁnition of a group

Global, group and channel

settings

With a multiphase power analyzer there is often a requirement to link together measurement channels. This is known as grouping. Within a group, one channel will act as the frequency source and reference for all other channels in the group. Grouping is commonly used in a pplications such as 3 phase mo tor measurements. Channels 1 and 2 can be grouped together to allow for the measurement of the input power, where channels 3 and 4 could be grouped together to measure the output power. For more information on applying grouping to channels, see the Wiring section of The Menu System chapter. (See page 44, Wiring.)

The PA4000 has many different settings that affect both the appearance of the results and the actual results. To make the instrument easier to operate, settings may have an effect on one or more parameters. Depending on the p arameter, the inﬂuence or use of it may be on a global level, a per-group level or a per-channel level. The split for parameters that have a n effect on measurements and results is deﬁned below.

Global settings

Groups settings

Global settings af

Blanking (See page 55, Blanking.)

Averaging (Se e page 56, Averaging.)

Update rate (See page 56, Update rate.)

Auto zero (See page 56, Auto Zero.)

Global settings will appear under the System Conﬁguration menu.

Per-group settings affect every channel in a group. The settings affected are:

Measurements (See page 33, Measurements.)

Measurement conﬁguration (that is, number of harmonics, THD, DF and TIF set-up) (See page 37, Measurements conﬁguration.)

Mode(See page 40, Modes.)

Wiring (See page 44, Wiring.)

fect all measurements. The following settings are global:

PA4000 Power Analyzer 3

Getting started

Ranges(See pag

Shunt selection (See page 47, Shunts.)

Frequency source

Bandwidth (See page 48, Bandwidth.)

Channel settings

Channel setting are completely independent of any grouping. The following settings are on a per-channel basis:

Scaling factor (See page 49, Scaling.)

When sett

ing a parameter that is a per-group or per-channel parameter, the group or channel will be displayed at the top of the menu. To change the group or channel, the left and right arrow hard k eys are used.

Connecting to the product under test

The PA4000 will measure up to 1000 V using the 4 mm terminals on the rear o f each analog card. For measurements outside the range (low or high power), see the information on using current and voltage transducers. (See page 26, Connecting signals.)

e46,Ranges.)

rms

,CATIIand30A

rms

or 1 A

directly

rms

To measure power, connect the PA4000s measuring terminals in parallel with the supply voltage and in series with the load current as shown below.

ING. To avoid injury always use good quality safety cables as supplied and

WARN

check that they are not damaged before use.

4 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Getting started

Connect the AC supply live to the Vhi (1) terminal

Connect the AC supply neutral to the Vlo (2) terminal

Connect the load neutral to either the 30 A Ahi (4) or 1 A A1a (6) terminal

Connect the supply neutral to the Alo (5) terminal

lug-connected single phase products, the simplest and safest way to make a

For p connection to the product under test is to use a Tektronix Break Out Box. This providesalinesocketforconnectionoftheproductand4x4mmsocketsfor direct connection to the PA4000 terminals as described above.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 5

Getting started

Default measu

rements

Switch on the supply to the load and the PA4000 is now ready to make measurements. Note that it is not necessary to switch the PA4000 either off or on when the lo

ad is being connected.

The default display shows up to 4 columns of results (one for each channel).

isplay can be broken down into columns and rows. Each column is one

The d of 4 colors. The color represents which group the results in the column belong to. There can be many different columns within a group. In a single-phase application, there may only be one column of results per group. If the minimum and maximum hold columns were added, then this would expand the number of columns to 3.

Within a group, the result name is listed in the group color on the left of the group. All the results with the group are always shown in the same order. The results

reshownonseparaterows.

6 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Getting started

In default mode channel is contained with a different group. Each group is conﬁgured as a wiring setup, for example: 1 phase, 2 wire. Each row clearly shows the meas urement type ‘Vrms’, the measured value, ‘248.4’ and the measurement units, ‘V’. Normal engineering notation is used to describe units, e.g. mV = milli-volts (10-3) and MV = mega-volts (10+6).

Navigating the results screen

To scroll through the measurement rows, use the top two soft keys for scrolling and paging

, each column represents one channel of the instrument, and each

up, and use the bottom two keys for scrolling and paging down:

PageUp

Row U p

Row Down

Page Down

To view the results in a larger size, the [ZOOM] key to the left of the display can be used. It will cycle through 3 different zoom levels, which are:

4 columns of 12 results per column

2 columns of 6 resul

1 column of 3 results per column

If there are more column s to view than can be displayed on the screen at one time (for example: 6 columns of results in 4 column mode), the left and right arrow keys to the left o

f the display ca n be used.

ts per column

PA4000 Power Analyzer 7

Getting started

The PA4000 has t choose a ﬁxed range, or the peak of the input signal it larger than the range, then an over range condition will occur. This will be indicated on the results screen by all the results in the over ranged channel ﬂashing on and off. In addition, the “Vrms” and / or “Arms” will ﬂash to indicate whether the over range is on either the voltage channel, the current channel, or both.

Navigating the menu system

The menu system provides complete access to all settings of the PA4000. To access the m enu system, press the yellow [MENU] key.

To return to the measurement display at any time, simply press the [MENU ] key again or press the [RESULT] k ey.

With the menu system active, the 5 soft keys to the right of the display may be used to navigate and select options. A list of the menu keys can be found in the soft key section of the manual. (See page 21, Soft keys.)

If the menu you are in displays a group or channel name, this means that the setting is only for the displayed group or channel. To move to another group or channel, use the left and right arrow keys.

he option of ﬁxed or auto ranging. Default is auto range. If you

Example: Choosing

measurements to display

One of the ﬁrst tasks that a user may want to carry out is change the list of measurements that are displayed.

To choose the measurements on the display:

1. Press [MENU] (to show the menu)

2. Press

displ

3. Use the

enable it to be displayed.

4. If you want to change the order in which a measurement is shown, ﬁrst select

the measurement you want to move and then press will turn red.

5. Use

new position.

To remove a selected measurement, select it and press

to see the list of Measurements. Measurements with a will be

ayed in the order shown.

and keys to select a measurement

and to move the measurement and then press to accept the

to display and press

. The selection bar

8 PA4000 Power Analyzer

On screen help

Getting started

Hint:

To restore the default list, see the User Conﬁguration Menu. (See page 57, User

conﬁguration

NOTE. Depending on the mode selected, some measurements will not be

selectable. (See page 40, Modes.) More details on selecting measurements are available. (See page 33, Measurements.)

Throughout the menu system on screen help is available to provide the user with summariz button and then press the [HELP] button and help on the main menu will be displayed. Press the [HELP] button again to remove the help and return back to the previous screen.

As the user tunnels through the menu sy stemandrequireshelponaparticular screen,simplypressthe[HELP]buttontogetabriefsummaryofhelponthat subject. Help does not exist on every screen and at every level therefore if the [HELP] button is pressed without any help showing then there is no help available

s level.

at thi

ed help on the subject at hand. As an example, press the [MENU]

PA4000 Power Analyzer 9

Getting started

10 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Front panel operation

Front panel layout

1. Quick View buttons

2. Easy-to-reach USB connection for memory devices (optional Ethernet / USB

card is required)

3. 640 x 480 TFT display

4. 5softkeys

Quick view buttons

5. Operational and Alphabet buttons

6. Number and Equation buttons

7. Front mounted on / off switch.

To the left of the display are the quick view buttons. These allow easy access to various different displays.

The ﬁrst 7 keys change the display screen to show different information:

[RESULT] - Displays the normal results screen

[WAVE] - Displays waveforms

[BAR] - Display harmonics bar chart

[INTEG.] - Displays integrator waveforms

[VECTOR] - Displays a vector diagram

[MATH] - Displays the math results as conﬁgured from the math menu

[SETUP] - Displays a screen showing the current conﬁguration of the unit

Pressing any one of these keys will change the display to the appropriate display. Pressing it again will have no effect.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 11

Front panel operation

Results screen

At the bottom th

The zoom key will change the number of results displayed o n the screen. It will go from 4 colum the display to 4 columns.

The left and user to see more results (there can be up to 15 columns of results). The left and the right arrow keys are also used in other screens such as the m enu screen for changing groups or the waveform screen for moving the cursors.

The results screen is the default, power on screen for the PA4000.

ere is a [ZOOM] key, and left and right arrow keys.

ns, to 2 columns and then to 1 column. Pressing again will return

right arrow k eys will move the results left and right to enable the

The results screen displays all the requested results.

The size / number of results on the screen can be control by using the ZOOM key.

The actual results displayed, along with the order in which they are displayed, is controlled by the [MEASUREMENTS] menu. (See page 33, Measurements.) Also, the number of harmonics displayed, the minimum and maximum hold columns displayed, and the display of the SUM column are controlled using the [MEASUREMENT CONFIGURATION] menu.(See page 33, Main menu.)

12 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Front panel operation

Waveform screen

The waveform ke operating mode.

y will show waveforms of the measured data in continuous

The waveform screen consists of two sections. At the top right of the display are the Volts, Amps and Watts values for each of the channels in the group. The label for the channel is color coded to match the waveform. (See page 50, Graphs and

orms.) Measurement are displayed even if the waveform is not.

wavef

Below these measurements is the actual waveform which is plotted out against an

yaxis.

xand

Waveforms can be viewed by pressing the [WAVE] button to the left of the

lay. Waveforms for viewing can also be selected by pressing [MENU] and

disp selecting Graphing and Waveforms and then Waveforms followed by the actual selection of Vrms, Arms, or Watts to display as a waveform.

Waveform selection is done on a per-group basis. This means that only signals within a speciﬁed group can be displayed on the same waveform graph.

Changing the group is done by using both the left and right arrow keys to the bottom left of the display. This will change both the group for waveform selection and the waveforms displayed.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 13

Front panel operation

Barchart screen

When drawing a w at the intersection of the X and Y axis. Choosing to display or not display the reference waveform will not affect the position of the other waveforms. For example, if channel 1 volts was the phase reference and channel 1 amps was 90 degrees lagging, but channel 1 volts was not displayed, then channel 1 amps would still start at 90 degrees lagging.

For the x (time) axis, the range will be twice the period of the lowest frequency signal being displayed, rounded up to time starting with 1, 2 or 5. For example, if 50 Hz were t 50 ms would be the time base. If there is no frequency measured on any of the displayed waveforms (i.e. all DC) then 500 ms will be used for the time base.

For the y axis the range for all the channels being displayed of the same units (Volts or Am ps or Watts) is examined. The maximum range is the range used.

The bar form of a bar chart.

chart displays either Volts, Amps or Watts harmonic information in the

aveform, the phase reference signal for the group is started

helowestfrequency,thentwicetheperiodwouldbe40ms,andso

The data used for the display is based on the harmonics setup for the group in which the channel is in. All soft key actions are on a per-group basis. The left a nd

ight hard arrow keys are used to change channel (

Harmonics do not need to be displayed as results for the bar chart to show harmonics. If harmonics is never displayed, and never conﬁgured, then the bar chart would be based on the default harmonic setup.

14 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Front panel operation

At the top of eac

h graph are 2 readings. The ﬁrst is the fundamental value, in the measured units, and phase angle. T he second result is the highlighted harmonic in the same units as it would be d isplayed on the results screen (either percentage or absolute as deﬁned by the users setting for the group) and the phase angle. The phase angle will be displayed irrespective of whether it is displayed o n the results screen.

Next to the 2 readings is text stating the group and the channel that the bar c hart reﬂects.

An individual harmonic can be selected by using the left and right arrow soft keys. The selected h armonic will be yellow as opposed to green. The left and right arrows wi

ll only change the selection of the harmonic with the active group. If the display is only showing one bar chart, then using the selection is straightforward. When the user then changes to the next channel using the left and right hard keys, the harmonic selected will be based on possible changes when viewing the previous channel.

For the x axis, the maximum number of harmonic values that can be displayed is 50, even though there could be up to 400. The harmonic values displayed are determined by the harmonic sequence and range for the appropriate group. For

le, if the unit has been conﬁgured to display odd and even harmonics up to

examp the 50th, then 50 harmonics will be displayed. If only odd harmonics up to the 19th, then 10 harmonics will be displayed.

If the number of harmonics to be displayed is less than 50, then they will be spread across the allowed width of the graph. If the user has selected more than 50 harmonics to display, then the left and right arrow soft keys will be used to scroll through the harmonics and the axis labels will be changed after the 50th harmonic result has been reached.

A summary of the soft keys is detailed below:

ggles the harmonics displayed between

To Volts, Amps and then Watts, returning back to Volts. Works on a per-group basis.

Changes the harmonic selected by one to the right (higher order).

Changes the harmonic selected by one to the left (lower order).

Jumps to the harmonics setup menu.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 15

Front panel operation

Integrator screen

The integrator page 41, Integrator mode.) One of the following results can be displayed at any one time:

1. Watt Hours

2. VA Hours

3. VA r H o u r s

4. Amp Hours

5. Watts Average

6. PF Average

7. Volts

8. Amps

9. Watts

10. Fundamental VA-Hours (VAHf)

11. Fundamental VAr-Hours (VArHf)

12. Correction VArs

As with the integrator itself, the results are displayed on a group-by-group basis. This means that the maximum number of plot lines is 4, which will occur in a 3p4w system with SUM results. There is the option of adding or removing plot lines from the display within the constraints of the grou you could select to see the channel 1 result and the SUM result. There are two reasons for allowing this selection. Firstly, in a balanced three-phase system, the integrated readings for each channel will be very similar and so the plot lines will be overlaid one on top of the other. This could lead to confusion. Secondly, again in a balanced three phase system, if a channel and the SUM results are displayed on the same graph, the channel plot will never come higher u way, at best. Removing the SUM result and rescaling the y axis) allows better resolution for the channel plot.

screen allows you to display integrated results on a graph. (See

p. For example,

p the y axis than 1/3

At the top of the display is a reading for each channel in the group (including the SUM channel). The reading is for the same result as is selected in the integrator waveform setup screen to display on the screen i.e. if the plot is WHrs, then the reading is WHrs.

The plot is always in the same color as the

At any time while the integration graph is being displayed, pressing the left or right arrow hard keys will change to group results. If only one group is in integrator mode, then graph will not change.

Both the x and y axis are automatically scaled. For the y axis, the time will change automatically as the integration time increases. This allows for the best viewing of the graph.

16 PA4000 Power Analyzer

channel designator.

Front panel operation

Vector screen

Any time during key. This will take the user directly to the integrator waveform setup menu with the appropriate group selected.

The vector di information in the form of a vector diagram.

integration, you change the plots by pressing the [INT] soft

agram displays one of Volts, Am ps or Volts and Amps harmonic

Vectors will be displayed on a per group basis. The left and right hard keys to the left of the d isplay will be used to change the currently displayed group. The active group is displayed in the top left corner in the appropriate group color.

The left and the right soft keys will be used to change the harmonic number currently being displayed. The harmonics available for display will be the same as the harmonics in the results screen. There are two differences. The ﬁrst is that if the results screen is conﬁgured to display magnitudes as a percentage of the fundamental, the absolute magnitude will still be used. This will allow a true comparison between the magnitudes of the selected harmonic for each channel in the group. The second is that if the user has not enabled harmonics to display, then the harmonic setup will still be used. This therefore provides a quick way to view harmonic information without displaying harmonics.

The [V/A] top soft key toggles the display between displaying Volts vectors only, Amps vectors only and both Volts and Amps vectors.

Each vector displayed is s ho wn in a different color. There can be up to 6 vectors displayed on the graph at one time. This would be a for a 3p4w conﬁguration showing Volts and Amps.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 17

Front panel operation

In addition to d

isplaying a vector line, the magnitude and phase angle of the vector are displayed to the right of the vector diagram. Both the voltage and current information is shown even if the vector is not.

The magnitude is based on the maximum range for the group being displayed (in auto range channels can be on different ranges). The ranges will not change when the harmonic num ber is changed, allowing a visual comparison between harmonic numbers.

A summary of the soft keys is detailed below:

Toggles the vectors displayed between Volts only, Amps only and Volt and Amps together. Works on a per-group basis.

Changes the harmonic vector displayed by one to the right (higher order). Works on a per-group basis.

Changes the harmonic vector displayed by one to the left (lower order). Works on a per-group basis.

No action.

Math screen

Jumps to the harmonics setup menu. Jumps to the appropriate group.

The Math screen is used to display user conﬁgured values. These could simply be a selection of d esire d values displayed on one easy-to-read screen, or basic measurements mathematically manipulated to show a required a value.

18 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Front panel operation

Setup screen

Up to 30 m function the following can be speciﬁed:

Name – U label i.e. FN1). In the menus, the function label is always displayed alongside the users name for the function.

Units – User friendly units such as W for Watts. (Default is blank). Scaling such as u, m, k, M will be added to the unit as appropriate. Units will be up to 4 characters.

Equation – The actual math formula, up to 100 characters.

For additional information see Math.(See page 52, Math.)

The setup screens are accessed by pressing the [SETUP] button. There are two

reens. The ﬁrst screen displays the current conﬁguration of the channels and

sc groups, and also items such as blanking and comms settings.

ath functions, labelled FN1 through FN30, can be deﬁned. For each

ser friendly nam e up to 10 characters. (Default is the same as the

PA4000 Power Analyzer 19

Front panel operation

The second screen shows instrument conﬁguration including information such as when the the ﬁrmware version, and information on the installed analog cards.

unit was last veriﬁed and last adjusted, the serial number of the unit and

20 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Soft keys

Front panel operation

Soft keys are used to provide context sensitive functionality. Through the many screens, common soft key images are used to provide common functionality. The common so

ft keys are shown below. If the symbol on the key is grey, then it means that you have reached the limit of that key. For example, if you are at the top of the results, then the up arrow will be grey. Details on the specialized soft keys are in the appropriate section of the manual.

Page up

Move up on

No functionality

Move do line

Page down

Tunnel up to the previous menu

Tunnel down to the selected menu

Move the selected measurement up or down in th

e result / menu line / help text line

wn one result / menu line / help text

elist

Move selected measurement up one row

Move selected measurement down one row

Select highlighted item

PA4000 Power Analyzer 21

Front panel operation

Cancel

Save result

Operational and alphabetical buttons

To the right of the soft keys are the operational keys, which also function as a way of entering alphabetical c h aracters.

[MENUS] – Toggles the on screen menus on and off. The menu will always come on at the top level.

[HELP] – Toggles on screen help that is context sensitive based on the current display. Pressing any other key, other than conﬁgured soft keys, when help is displayed, will have no effect. Pressing [HELP] again will remove the help screen.

[MENU 1] / [ABC], [MENU 2] / [DEF] – These keys provide quick access to a set menu. Pressing and holding either of these keys for 2 seconds w hile

laying a menu will link the menu to the pressed key. For example, if

disp you press and hold [MENU 1] while the Voltage range menu is sh owing, then pressing [MENU 1] while any other screen is showing will display the Voltage range menu.

Delete one c

Clear the text entry

haracter to the left of the cursor

[PRINT] / [GHI] – Send the displayed results to the designated printer / device which can be either a USB printer, an RS232 printer or a memory stick. NOT YET IMPLEMENTED.

[DATA OUT (DATA DUMP)] / [JKL] – Pressing this key will start or stop a data log. If data is being logged, then the LED under this key will be ﬂashing.

[RESET / CLEAR] / [MNO] – The fu n ctio n of this key will be dependent on the conﬁguration of the instrument. It can clear minimum / maximum hold results and reset the integrator.

[INTEG. RUN] / [PQRS] - Pressing this key will start or stop the integrator. If the integrator is running, then the LED under this key will be ﬂashing.

22 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Front panel operation

[HOLD] / [TUV] – Pressing again lets the results change. If the display is held, then the red LED below the [HOLD] key will be illuminated. If the integrator is running, the values will still be accumulating.

[LOCAL] / [WXYZ] – Any time the instrument receives communications via USB, GPIB, Ethernet or RS232, the front panel will be locked out. Pressing the [LOCAL] key will return control to the front panel. When the front panel is locked out, the yellow LED beneath the [LOCAL] key will be lit.

Each of the above keys also has an alternative function, which is highlighted in blue. To access these functions, the [SHIFT] key has to be pressed. Basically this will give key is pressed the letter being entered will be changed in the order shown above the key. If the key is not pressed for 1 second, or a different key is pressed, the cursor will move to the next position.

Number and equation buttons

The main purpose of the numeric section of the keypad is for numeric and equation entry. The keys are as follows:

[7] / [x] - Number seven or, with [SHIFT], multiply.

If pressed, the results stop updating on the screen.

access to letters for text entry within the menus. Each time the same

[8] / [-] - Number eight or, with [SHIFT], subtract.

[9] / [+] - Number nine or, with [SHIFT], add.

/ [/] - Number four or, with [SHIFT], divide.

[4]

[5] / [(] - Number ﬁve or, with [SHIFT], left parentheses.

[6] / [)] - Number six or, with [SHIFT], right parentheses.

[1] / [SIN()] - Number one or, with [SHIFT], SIN function.

[2] / [COS()] - Number two or, with [SHIFT], COSINE function.

[3] / [TAN()] - N umber three or, with [SHIFT], TAN function.

[0] / [:] - Number zero or, with [SHIFT], a colon).

[.] / [SPACE] - Decimal point or, with [SHIFT], space.

[=] / [xy] - Equals or, with [SHIFT], X to the power Y.

[+/-] / [x2] - positive or negative or, with [SHIFT], x squared.

[ SHIFT ] - Enable the blue shift options on both the numeric and general keys.

[ENTER] / [√] - Enter or, with [SHIFT], square root.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 23

Front panel operation

Logging data to a memory device

The PA4000, can be used to log data to a USB ﬂash drive. The unit will log all selected measurements into a com ma separated value (CSV) formatted ﬁle that is stored on the connected USB ﬂash drive. Results will be logged once per second.

Prior to enabling data logging, insert a USB ﬂash drive into the USB host port on the front of the PA4000. The rear port cannot be used for ﬂash drives.

CAUTION. If the USB ﬂash drive is removed while data logging is enabled, data

corruptio

n will occur.

Logging data

Data storage and format

To start data logging press the [DATA OUT (DATA DUMP)] key. The LED beneath the key ﬂashing every second will indicate data logging. To stop data logging drive is safe to rem ove.

The data w ill be logged in a directory created by the PA4000 on the USB ﬂash drive number of the PA4000 used and the date at the start of data logging. The ﬁle name will reﬂect the time at the start of data logging in 24 hr format and will have a .CSV extension.

For example, if a PA4000 with the serial number 100010200001 begins data logging on 31 December 2011 at 2:18:56 PM, the directory tree will be as shown below.

The ﬁrst portion of the ﬁle will contain a header identifying the instrument used by serial number and the time data logging began.

The second portion will contain information on the group conﬁguration of the PA4000. It will contain the group index, the name of the group, the number o f channels in the group, and the number of results returned for the group.

, press the [DATA OUT (DATA DUMP)] key. Once the LED goes off, the

. The directory structure created will contain the last ﬁve digits of the serial

Root Dir\ PA4000 \00001\11-12-31\14-18-56.csv

The third portion of the ﬁle will contain column headers for every measurement currently selected. Subsequent columns will contain an indexed set of the measurements currently selected, in the order d isplayed on the PA4000 screen. An example of the data returned is shown b elow.

24 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Front panel operation

Math resu results. Only enabled math results will be returned. The column name will consist of the function name and the units speciﬁed by the user.

For additional information, see U SB Host(See page 99, USB host.)

lts are also returned when data logging. These w ill be after the channel

PA4000 Power Analyzer 25

Connecting signals

Connecting si

Input overview

gnals

WARNING. To avoid possible electric shock or personal injury:

· Do not touch connections, internal circuits or measuring devices that are not connected to earth ground.

· Always adhere to the instructions regarding the sequence of connection(See page 2, Connection sequence.)

Signals are connected to the PA4000 on the rear of the PA 4000. There are multiple inputs for e ach analog card as shown below.

1. Voltage high connection

2. Voltage low connection

3. T1AH, 250 V fuse to protect the 1 A shunt

4. 30 A current high connection

26 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Connecting signals

Voltage

Current

External current inputs

5. Current low con

nection (common to both the 30 A and 1 A shunt)

6. 1 A current high connection

7. External shunt current input high

8. External shunt current input low

9. ±15 V supply for powering external transducers (optional)

Voltages o

fupto1000V

may be connected directly to the black and yellow

rms

4 mm VHI and VLO safety sockets at the rear of the PA4000.

The PA4000 has two built-in current shunts. The shunt ﬁrst allows currents of up to 30 A

, 200 A peak to be connected directly to the black and yellow 4 mm AHI

rms

and ALO safety sockets at the rear of each measurement channel of the PA4000. The second shunt allows up to 1 A

, 5 A peak to be connected directly to the

rms

blue 1A and blue safety sockets also on the rear of each measurement channel.

The external current inputs accept a voltage of up to ±3 V peak that is proportional to the current being measured. This input allows a very wide range of external current transducers to be connected, from low milliamp current shunts to mega-Amp current transformers. For each type of transducer, the PA4000 may be scaled to re ad the correct current. (See page 44, Inputs.)

The choice of current transducer will depend on:

The current being measured, including peaks and transients.

The accuracy required.

The bandwidth required: Unless the waveforms are purely sinusoidal, a bandwidth in excess of the fundamental frequency will be required.

Whether there is D C current present.

onvenience of connection – that is, using a clamp-on current transformer,

C with jaws that open, for quick connection in a ﬁxed wiring loom.

The effect of the transducer on the circuit.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 27

Connecting signals

To connect a si

mple current transformer

To use a conventional current transformer (CT) like the Tektronix CL series (or any other transducer with a current output), connect the normal AHI and ALO inputs of the PA4000 instructions for the safe use and installation of the transducer. Depending on the output level of the current transformer, you will need to choose between the 30 A AHI input and the 1 A AHI input. The choice will be depend ent on the dynamic range of the output of the current transformer that you are expecting.

Normally the positive or HI output of the transducer will be marked with the point of an arrow or a + symbol. Connect this terminal to the appropriate AHI input of the PA4000.

to the outputs of the current transformer. Follow the manufacturers

Current scaling

A current transformer produces an output current that is proportional to the load current being measured. For example, the Tektronix CL200 produces an output current that is 1/100 of the current being measured.

To measure the correct current on the PA4000, use the scaling function of the analyzer to scale, or m ultiply, the CT output current.

For example, the CL200 is a 100:1 CT. When measuring 100A, its output is 1A. To scale this on the PA4000, a scale factor of 100 must be entered:

Press [MENU]

Select

Select ‘Scaling’ and press

Select ‘Amps’ and press

Use the key to clear the entry.

Type the ne w scale factor (100)

Press

Press [MENU] to return to the measurement display.

The PA4000 is now ready to make measurements using a CT.

‘Inputs’ and press

28 PA4000 Power Analyzer

To connect an external resistive shunt

Using a resistive shunt is a straightforward method of extending the current measuring range of the PA4000. The shunt resistor is connected in series with the load and the voltage across the shunt is directly proportional to current.

That voltage may be connected directly to the External Current Inputs of the PA4000.

For example, a 1 milliohm shunt is used to measure 200 A rms.

1. Check that the voltage that will be generated is suitable for the PA4000

V=IxR(Ohm’slaw)

Vshunt = I x Rshunt

Vshunt = 200 x 0.001 Ohms

Vshunt = 0.2 V

This is well within the 3 Vpk rating of the PA4000’s External Current Inputs

2. Connect the shunt in series with the load and to the EXT-HI and EXT-LO

inputs as shown.

Connecting signals

Remove any connections to the n orm al ALO terminal!

WAR NI NG . Connections to the normal AMPS terminals can have high voltage

on them.

To avoid errors and a risk of electric shock, remove all connections to ALO. EXT-LO and ALO are connected inside the PA4000 and so connections to AHi, ALo and A1A can ha ve the same potential as EXT-LO.

For the best noise immunity EXT-LO should be connected directly to ALO.

3. Set up the PA4000 to m easure current from the EXT-HI and EXT-LO

terminals. Press ’MENU’

Press [MENU]

PA4000 Power Analyzer 29

Connecting signals

Select ‘Inputs

Select ‘Shunts’ and press

Select ‘External’ and press

Press [MENU] to return to the measurement display.

4. Scale the measurement on the display.

The default scale is 1 V = 1 A.

In this example where R = 0.001 Ohms. The scaling factor is speciﬁed in Amps per Volt, so in this case, the scaling factor is 1000.

To enter a scale factor for c urrent:

Press [MENU]

Select

Select ‘Scaling’ and press

Select ‘External Shunt’ and press

Use the key to clear the entry.

Typethenewscalefactor(100)

‘Inputs’ and press

’ and press

Press

Press [MENU] to return to the measurement display.

The PA4000 is now ready to make measurements using an external shunt.

To connect a transducer with a voltage output

These transducers contain active circuits that help to improve performance at high bandwidth. They may be of the ‘hall effect’ or Rogowski coil type.

The procedure is similar to that of installing an external shunt as described above.

1. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the safe use and installation of the transducer.

2. Connect the voltage output to the EXT-HI and EXT-LO terminals of the PA4000 channel as above.

3. Select ‘Inputs’ – ‘Shunts’ – ‘External’ as above.

Press [MENU]

Select

Select ‘Shunts’ and press

‘Inputs’ and press

Select ‘External’ and press

30 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Connecting signals

Press [MENU] to

4. Select and input a scale factor. These types of transducers are often rated in terms of mV / amp. For example a transducer with an output of 100mV / amp is the equivalent of a 100 milliohm external shunt resistor. To convert the rated scaling from Volts per Amp to the desired Am ps per Volt, invert the value. Using the above example, 100 mV / Amps is equivalent to 10 Amps / Volt.

Press [MENU]

Select

Select ‘Scaling’ and press

Select ‘External Shunt’ and p r ess

Use the key to clear the entry.

Type the new scale factor (such as 0.1)

ress

5. Press ‘MENU’ to return to the measurement display.

The PA4000 is now ready to make measurements using a current transducer with a voltage output.

return to the measurement display.

‘Inputs’ and press

To connect a voltage transformer / transducer

The PA4000 may be used with a v oltage transformer (VT) or other transducer to extend its measuring range. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the safe use and installation of the transducer.

The output of the transducer is connected to the normal VHI and VLO terminals. Normally the positive or HI output of the transducer will be marked with the point of an arrow or a + s ym bol. Connect this terminal to the VHI input of the PA4000.

Voltage scaling

PA4000 Power Analyzer 31

A voltage transformer (VT) produces a voltage output, which is proportional to the voltage being measured.

Connecting signals

To measure the c analyzer to scale, or multiply, the VT output current.

For example, w be used.

Press [MENU

Select

Select ‘Scaling’ and press

Select ‘Volts’ and press

Use the key to clear the entry.

Type the new scale factor (1000)

Press

Press MENU to return to the measurement display.

The PA4000 is now ready to make measurements using a VT.

orrect voltage on the PA4000, use the scale function of the

hen measuring with a 1000:1 VT a scale factor of 1000 must

]

‘Inputs’ and press

Power for external transducers

The PA4000 can have an optional ±15 V power supply for the purpose of providing power to external transducers. The supply is capable of supplying 250 mA per rail on each analog card (250 mA on +15 V and 250 mA on -15 V). The connector is conveniently placed next to the inputs on each analog.

If the ±15 V supply option is purchased, then 4 m ating connectors (Tektronix part number 56-598) will be provided to aid in making a connection. These connectors are Wago 231-303/026-000.

32 PA4000 Power Analyzer

The menu system

Navigation

The PA4000’s menu is a powerful yet easy-to-use system for control of the analyzer. See the Quick Start section of this manual for an overview of how to access and u

For help at any time while using the PA4000 press the HELP key at any time.

Menu items

To switch the display of the menu system off or on, press the ‘MENU’ key at any time.

Main menu

The menu system

se the menu system. (See page 8, Navigating the menu system.)

Measurements

To selec

Defau

The user can set the order in which the me asurements appear on the screen. This is on displayed in any order, including harmonics. However, harmonic results will always be displayed as a block i.e. all the Voltage harmonics will be displayed as a continuous block based on the parameters set.

A normal measurement screen is shown below:

t a menu, press the MENU key.

lt: V

rms,Arms

a per-group basis. The measurements, on a group-by-group basis, can be

, Watt, VA, PF, and Freq.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 33

The menu system

On the measurements screen you will both be able to select a measurement to be displayed as a result and also change the order in which the results are displayed. When you enter the measurement screen you will have the following soft keys available:

Tunnel Up

Selection Up or top of list

Move Measurement

34 PA4000 Power Analyzer

The menu system

Selection down or bottom of list

Select measurement to be a result on the screen or de-select measurement

To navigate to a desired result, use the up and down arrow soft keys. The current selectio

n will be shown by the measurement highlighted in blue.

If a result is selected, then it will have a green check mark at the right hand edge of the li

st. If it is not selected, then there will be no check mark.

The results screen shows all the s elected results, in the order in which they appear in the m

easurement list, remembering that the list only applies to the group

selected.

NOTE. Unless the group is in Integrator mode, integration measurements cannot

be selected. These measurements are:

Hours Watt-Hours VA-Hours VAr-Hours

-Hours

Amp Average Watts Average PF Corrected VAr Fundamental VA-Hours (VAHf) Fundamental VAr-Hours (VArHf)

If you need to change the order of the results, then you should navigate to the desired result and then click the “Move Measurement” soft key. When the move measurement key is press ed, the highlight bar will change from blue to red.

The soft keys will then change as shown below:

PA4000 Power Analyzer 35

The menu system

Tunnel Up. The move is cancelled, and the user will return to the m ain menu screen.

Move selected measurement up (gray if at the top o f the list already).

Cancel the move, and put the measurement back where it

Move selected measurement down (gray if at the bottom of the list already).

Place the measurement in the selected position. The soft keys will change back to the standard measurement screen keys.

was before the move was started.

An example of a measurement being moved is shown below:

36 PA4000 Power Analyzer

The menu system

Measurements

Harmonics setup

conﬁguration

The measurement conﬁguration menu contains menus to set up Volts and Amps harmonics as well as Volts and Amps THD, DF and TIF readings. These measur measurement conﬁguration menus allow the selection of the SUM channel column and the minimum and maximum hold columns.

The top-level menu consists of the following:

Harmonics Setup

Distortion Setup

Minimum Hold Colu mn

Maximum Hold Column

SUM Column

Under the harmonics menu item there are separate voltage, current and Watts menus that allow the setting of the following:

Harmonic Sequence - Odd and even or odd harmonic only (default Odd and even).

ements are selected in the measurement menu. In addition, the

Distortion setup

Range–1to100(default7)

Format – Absolute or percentage of fundam ental (default Absolute)

Display Phase Angle – On or off (default On) (Volts and Amps only)

The selection of harmonics results to display has no impact on the harmonic data used in distortion calculations.

Please see the User Conﬁguration section of this manual about update speed. (See page 57, User conﬁguration.) The instrument is not able to calculate and display 100 harmonics on V, A and Watts every 100 ms.

Under the Distortion Setup line item there will be separate menus for Vdf (Distortion Factor), Vthd (Total Harmonic Distortion), Vtif (Telephone Inﬂuence Factor), Adf, Athd and Atif.

Distortion Factor. The Distortion Factor formula (previously called the Difference Formula) includes the effects of high frequency and noise. This equation only produces a valid num ber if the RMS is not less than the fundamental. If the fundamental is larger than the RMS the display shows ‘—-‘.

The equations are:

and

PA4000 Power Analyzer 37

The menu system

The reference value can be either the fundamental reading or the rms reading. The default reference is the fundamental value.

Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) is a measure of the distortion of a waveform.

Under the V and A Total Harmonic Distortion factor (THD) measuremen t menus is the ability to set the following parameters:

Harmonic Reference – Fundamental or RMS (default Fundamental).

Harmonic Sequence - Odd and even or odd harmonic only (default is odd and even).

Range – 2 to 100 (default 7). This is the last harmonic used in the calculation. If odd only harmonics are speciﬁedandRangeissettoanevennumber,then the preceding harmonic will be the last one used.

Harmonic Zero – Exclude or Include (default Exclude)

For the distortion settings and harmonics setting, the values will be remembered whether the actual displaying of the reading is turned on or off. For example, if the number of harmonics to be displayed is changed from 7 to 13, turning off and then on again the display of voltage harmonics will not affect this setting.

The formula for voltage and current THD are:

and

The Total Harmonic Distortion formula (previously called the series formula) will produce more accurate results for harmonic noise when the THD is less than 5%. When selecting the TH D formula, it is important to set the MAX HARMONICS setting to an appropriately large num ber to get valid results. The higher the harmonic count the more accurate the calculation.

Telephone Inﬂuence Factor (TIF). TIF stands for telephone inﬂuence factor and is a THD measurement weighted at frequencies within the bandwidth of a normal telephone circuit. It is a measure of how the voltage or current distortio electrical power circuits might interfere with adjacent telephone circuits. TIF measurements are a requirement of standards such as ANSI C50.13 "Rotating Electrical Machinery - Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generators" and are most often used on standby power generators and UPS. The harmonics included in a TIF measurement are from 1 to 73 odd and even.

nin

The formula for voltage and current TIF are:

38 PA4000 Power Analyzer

The menu system

Default ref ere

nce = Fundamental

and

The weighting factors (K ) are:

Harm k

1 0.5 21 6050 41 10340

3 30 23 6370 43 10600

6 400 25 6680 49 9820

9 1320 29 7320 53 8740

11 2260 30 7570

12 2760 31 7820 59 6730

13 3360 33 8830 61 6130

15 4350 35 8830 65 4400

17 5100 36 9080 67 3700

18 5400 37 9330 71 2750

19 5630 39 9840 73 2190

225 24 6650 47 10210

650 27 6970 50 9670

Harm k

8090

Minimum and maximum

hold columns

For maximum and minimum hold menus, the columns can independently be enabled or disabled. To reset the values shown in the columns, press the [RESET] key. Also, each time either the minimum or maximum hold column is enabled, the values for both columns are reset.

SUM results column

SUM results will appear after the last channel in the group (and after that channels max and min results if necessary). Sum Max will appear to the right of the SUM results and Sum Min will appear to the left of the Sum results as appropriate.

SUM results are available in all wiring conﬁgurations except 1 phase, 2 wire (1P2W). (See page 44, Wiring.)

PA4000 Power Analyzer 39

The menu system

Modes

Default: Normal

Modes are used to set up the instrument in speciﬁc way to allow certain types of measurements. These speciﬁc modes provide all necessary ﬁltering and unique conﬁguration parameters necessary to measure speciﬁc signals found in certain applications.

Modes are applied on a group basis. For example, in light ballast applications, group A could be in normal mode measuring the input power and group B could be in ballast mode measuring the output power.

Currently there are three available modes. These are:

Normal - This mode is used for m os t power measurements where signals are uniform and there are no special measurement methods required.

Ballast - This mode is designed to conﬁ gure the group to make measurements on the complex ballast output modulated wave forms.

Standby Power- This mode integrates the Watts, Amps, VA and PF readings over a user-speciﬁed measurement period. This is a requirement of many standby power standards.

rmal mode

Ballast mode

It is often necessary to force the instrument in to a certain way of operating when a particular mode is selected. An example is forcing high bandwidth

ballast mode is selected. In these cases two things will happen:

when

a. Reverting back to normal mode will restore any changed settings

b. When a setting is forced, it cannot be changed by the operator while the

PA4000 is in the non-normal mode

In normal mode, there are no special measurement methods used. Normal mode is suitable for most power applications and is the default mode.

In modern electronic lighting ballasts, it is often difﬁcult to make ac curate measurements due to the fact that the output signals are high frequency waveforms that are heavily modulated by the power frequency. Ballast mode provides a way of locking the measurement period to the power frequency.

After selecting ballast mode you need to set up the fundamental frequency at which power will be transmitted. This is typically 50, 60 or 400Hz. The setup screen can be found under the Modes –> Setup Modes—> Ballast Setup. The analyzer will then use this to adjust the measurement window to ﬁt the speciﬁed frequency.

The frequency returned by the instrument is therefore not the fundamental power frequency, but instead the ballast switching frequency. This is also the frequency used for harmonic analysis.

40 PA4000 Power Analyzer

The menu system

Standby power mode

When ballast mo bandwidth is set to “High” for the group. These setting are locked out in ballast mode and, upon the return to normal mode, they are r estored.

Driven by con ever-increasing n eed to measure power consumption of product while they are in standby mode. One of the most widely used standards for measurement is IEC 62301. Part of this standard requires the measurement of power over a prolonged period of time without missing any s hort duration power events. The PA4000 standby power mode provides continuous sampling of voltage and current to produc

In standby mode, you must specify the integration window in seconds. Watts, Amps, Po other results will be updated at the normal user speciﬁed update rate.

The inte and the unit update rate. (See page 56, Update rate.) This is because the results will be integrated over an exact multiple of the update rate. For example, if the update rate is 0.5 seconds (default) then the integration period will always be exactly as speciﬁed. However, if an update rate of 0.4 seconds is requested, then integration period will sw itch between 1.2 seconds and 0.8 seconds.

For the most accurate measurements it is recommended that the ranges are ﬁxed during the measurement period. (See page 47, Fixed/Auto ranging.)

e an accurate Watts measurement over the user speciﬁed period.

wer Factor and VA will then be integrated over the speciﬁed period. All

gration period is dependent on the combination of the speciﬁed window

de is selected, the frequency range is set to “>10Hz” and the

sumer demand and energy efﬁciency legislation, there is an

egrator mode

Int

Integrator mode is used to provide measurements for determining energy consumption. In addition, for certain parameters, average values are also available.

The required measurements are selected in the Measurements menu. (Seepage33, Measurements.) The integrator measureme n ts are:

Hours

Watt-Hours

VA-Hours

VAr-Hours

Amp-Hours

Average Watts

Average PF

Corrected VAr

Fundamental VA-Hours (VAHf)

Fundamental VAr-Hours (VArHf)

PA4000 Power Analyzer 41

The menu system

These measurem selected and displayed when the group is in integrator mode. If an integrator measurement is selecte d and the mode is changed to a non-integrator mode, then the measurements will show as not being selected. Changing the group mode back to integrator mode will restore the selection previously used.

Conﬁguring

measurements to display, there are a number of options provided for starting and stopping the integrator. These are set up in the Modes -> Setup Mode - > Integrator Setup section of the menus.

Start method. Default: Manual

Manual starting: RUN] key on the front panel. Pressing this key will start the integrator running on all gr currently not running. The LED under the key will be turned on.

Clock S want the integrator to start for the group. The tim e and date are entered in the user’s speciﬁed format (s ee System conﬁguration -> Clock menus). (See page 56, Clock.) Once the desired time has been reached, integration will start.

If, when the time / date combination in the clock start m ethod is set, the time is before the current time and date, then integration will not start. Integration will only start when at least one screen update has occurred before the start time.

oups that are conﬁgured as integrator mode with a manual start and are

tarting:

ents are on a per-group basis. The measurements can only be

integrator mode. After selecting integrator mode, and the

Manual starting of integration is triggere d pressing the [INTEG

In clock starting mode, you can set the time and date of when you

Level Starting: when a certain parameter either goes above or below a user entered level. You can conﬁgure the follow ing:

Select the channel, 1 through 4

Select the signal param eter from that channel. This can be any parameter with the exception of integrated values and harmonic values (including fundamentals)

Select the level threshold to be monitored. This is the actual parameter value in decimal. For example for 80 mA enter 0.08, 80 V enter 80.

Select whether the signal should be greater than or equal to the level or less than or equal to the level.

A trigger channel 1-4 may be selected from any group and used as a trigger for integration. The trigger measurement does not have to be in the channel or group you are then integrating.

Once the conditions have been m et, integration will start.

Stopping integration. The integration of a group can be stopped either manually or after a certain period of tim e. If the duration for the group is set to zero, then

In this start m ethod, you have the ability to start integrating

42 PA4000 Power Analyzer

The menu system

PWM Motor mode

the integratio

n will only stop if the [INTEG. RUN] key is pressed. The duration is

entered in minutes as a ﬂoating point number from 0.0 to 10,000.

Integration is manually stopped by pressing the [INTEG. RUN] key. This will stop integration on all groups that are in integrator mode with the integrator running where the d uration is set to zero. The LED under the key will be turned off if there is no more integration going on within any group.

Resetting integration values. The [RESET/CLEAR] key will reset the integration values to zero for all stopped groups. It will not have any effect on groups that are running integration.

Correction VAr (CVArs). This parameter displays the values of VArs required to correct the average power factor to a target power factor. The target power factor is entered under the integrator setup screen under CVArs Power Factor.

The correction will calculate the necessary VArs to provide a phase shift to reach a target power factor. It does not compute the total VArs (e.g. if a poor power factor is completely due to distortion, no amount of phase lead or lag will improve it).

PWM Motor mode has been designed to overcome the difﬁculties associated with making measurements on the complex waveforms found on the motor drive. High frequency sampling is c om bined with digital ﬁltering to reject the carrier frequency and extract the motor frequency while still using pre-ﬁltered data for power parameters.

After selecting PWM mode, you should then select the frequency range of the motor frequency (not the carrier frequency) under the Inputs -> Frequency Source

-> Frequency Range menu.

When in PWM mode, the maximum motor frequency is lim ited to 900 Hz, even if a higher frequency ra nge is selected.

The selection of the frequency range will impact the rate at which results are returned. The update rate for all the channels is set in the System Conﬁguration menu. (See page 56, Update rate.) However, if the frequency range in PWM

ode is set to either 1 – 100 Hz or 0.1 – 10 Hz, then the rate at which results are

m returned for that group is altered per the table below:

Update rate (seconds)

0.2 0.4 2.4 20.2

0.3 0.3 2.4 20.4

0.4 0.4 2.4 20.4

0.5 0.5 2.5 20.5

0.6 0.6 2.4 20.4

0.7 0.7 2.1 20.3

0.8 0.8 2.4 20.8

>10 Hz <900 Hz 1 – 100 Hz 0.1 Hz – 10 Hz

PA4000 Power Analyzer 43

The menu system

Inputs

Update rate (seconds)

0.9 0.9 2.7 20.7

1.0 1.0 3.0 21.0

1.1 1.1 2.2 20.9

1.2 1.2 2.4 20.4

1.3 1.3 2.6 20.8

1.4 1.4 2.8 21.0

1.5 1.5 3.0 21.0

1.6 1.6 3.2 20.8

1.7 1.7 3.4 20.4

1.8 1.8 3.6 21.6

1.9 1.9 3.8 20.9

2.0 2.0 4.0 22.0

>10 Hz <900 Hz 1 – 100 Hz 0.1 Hz – 10 Hz

Results from channels not in PWM Motor mode will be returned at the speciﬁed rate.

Wiring

This menu may be used to set up the physical inputs of the PA4000. For normal operation, with the exception of the shunt selection, it is not necessary to change

settings from default.

these

For multiphase measurements, a number of channels can be assigned to a group allowing precise frequency and phase analysis of the multiphase signals. The

quency of the ﬁrst channel in the group is used as the fundamental frequency

fre for all channels in the group, and all phase measurements are relative to the phase reference (Voltage by default) of the ﬁrst channel in the group.

Below is a diagram showing how each channel would be connected for each different wiring mode.

44 PA4000 Power Analyzer

The menu system

Single-phase, two-wire and DC measurements wire mode.

Single-phase, three-wire. Select 1 phase, 3 wire.

. Select 1 phase, 2

Three-phase, three-wire (2 Wattmeter method). Select 3 phase, 3 wire.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 45

The menu system

Three-phase, three-wire (3 Wattmeter method). Select 3 phase, 4 wire

Three-phase, four-wire (3 Wattmeter method). Select 3 phase, 4 wire.

Ranges

Depending on the w iring conﬁguration, not all groups will be available. For example, if wiring is 1p2w for each channel, then the 4 channels will correspond to the 4 groups. If the wiring is 1p3w for group A, then channels 1 and 2 will be in-group A. This will leave channels 2 and 3 for a maximum of groups B and C. Group D cannot exist in this condition.

Group A wiring takes priority, followed by groups B, C and then D. For example, starting from a 1p2w conﬁguration for all groups, if group A is set to 1p3w, then group D can’t be set to anything and therefore group C will be 1p2w only. Group B will have the choice of 1p2, 1p3w and 3p3w.

The ranges are set on a group basis. The ranges will be as follows:

Range # Volts 30 A shunt 1 A shunt Ext. shunt

Auto

3 2 V 0.2 A 0.005 A 0.003 V

4 5 V 0.5 A 0.0125 A 0.00375 V

6 20 V 2 A 0.05 A 0.03 V

8 100 V 10 A 0.25 A 0.15 V

9 200 V 20 A 0.5 A 0.3 V

10 500 V 50 A 1.25 A 0.375 V

11 1000 V 100 A 2.5 A 1.5 V

12 2000 V 200 A 5 A 3 V

10 V 1 A 0.025 A 0.015 V

50 V 5 A 0.125 A 0.0375 V

46 PA4000 Power Analyzer

The menu system

Fixed/Auto ranging

Shunts

Default: auto r

For most measurements, auto-ranging is the best choice. Choosing a ﬁxed range may be useful i that make the analyzer spend excessive time changing range.

If you choos then an over range condition will occur. This will be indicated on the screen by all the results in the over ranged channel ﬂashing on and off. In addition, the “Vrms” and/or “Arms” will ﬂash to indicate whether the over-range is on either the voltage channel, the current channel, or both.

Default: 30A shunt

The PA4000 has 3 different current inputs, or shunts. They are:

30A shunt – Used for normal current measurement in the range of 100mA to 30Arms (200Apk). This selection uses the yellow Ahi and the black Alo 4mm sockets.

1A shunt – Used for small current measurements such as those found in standby power applications in the range of 2.5mA to 1A. This selection uses the bl

ange

f the voltage or current is changing continuously or has large peaks

eaﬁxed range, or the peak of the input signal is larger than the range,

ue A1A and the b lack Alo 4mm sockets.

Frequency source

External shun t – Used for the measurement of current where an external

sducer is used and the transducer has a voltage output. The blue and black

tran 2mm sockets on each analog card are used for the external shunt inputs.

WAR NI NG . Passing an rms current of greater than 15 A through the 30 A shunt,

with the selected shunt set to either 1 A or external, can cause damage to the 30 A shunt.

e the Chapter ‘Using External Voltage and Current Transducers’ for further

Se information.

There are 3 selections under the Frequency Source menu. They are:

Source

Phase Reference

Frequency Range

Source. Default: Voltage

Many measurements (including rms volts, amps and watts) are based on calculations that are dependent on the correct fundamental frequency being determined by the analyzer.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 47

The menu system

The PA4000 uses problems created by noise when simple zero-crossing techniques are u sed.

It is therefore not normally necessary to adjust the settings from the default of voltage.

Volts. Volts is the default frequency source and is suitable for most applications.

Amps. Amps may be selected if the voltage waveform is heavily distorted, but

the current is not. The waveforms at the output of a PWM motor drive are an example of this.

External Frequency 1 / 2. On the rear of the PA4000 there are 2 counter inputs on the Auxiliary Inputs / Outputs connector. Either of these can be used as an external frequency source for signals where there is too much noise on the voltage and current waveforms. Apply a TTL compatible square wave to the external input at the re quired frequency.

Phase Reference. Default:

Volts This is the zero reference for phase angle measurements in each group.

Volts. Phase is calculated with respect to the voltage signal on the ﬁrst channel in the group.

proprietary techniques to determine frequency that eliminate the

Amps. Phase is c alculated with respecttothecurrentsignalonth in the group.

External Frequency 1 / 2. Phase is calculated with respect to the external input signal.

Frequency range. Default: 10 Hz - 50 kHz

There are 4 frequency ranges:

10 Hz - 50 kHz

>10 Hz

1-100Hz

0.1 - 10 Hz (PWM Motor mode only)

For measurements where the fundamental is below 50 kHz, the range of “>10 Hz and <50 kHz” is recommended, especially at low signal levels.

If the fundamental frequency is greater than >50 kHz, then the range should be setto“>10Hz”.

1 - 100 Hz and 0.1 - 10 Hz are used in PWM motor mode.

(PWM Motor mode only)

e ﬁrst channel

Bandwidth

48 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Default: High

The menu system

Scaling

The bandwidth i

s set on a per-group basis. Setting the bandwidth will apply a

10 kHz, two-pole ﬁlter to the voltage and current channel inputs.

WAR NI NG . If low bandwidth mode is selected, damage can be caused to the 30 A

shunt if the current applied has a fundamental frequency of greater than 10 kHz and an rms value of greater than 20 A

rms

Scaling is used to adj ust the scaled output of transducers such as current transformers so that the true measured current is displayed on the PA4000. The scaling fa

ctor will affect every measured value related to the input to which it is

applied.

Maximum s

cale factor: 100000

Minimum scale factor: 0.00001

Volts scaling. Default: 1.0000

he scale factor of the transducer. For example, a 100:1 voltage transformer

Enter t is used to measure 15 kV. The output of the transformer is 15000 / 100 = 150 V. Enter the scale factor 100, and the PA4000 will display 15,000 V.

Amps scaling. Default: 1.0000

External phase

compensation

Enterthescalefactorofthetransducerbeing used. For example, the Tektronix CL1200 produces 1 amp for every 1000 amps ﬂo w ing in the opening of the CL. It is a 1000:1 current transformer. Enter the scale factor 1000 and the PA4000

l display the correct current.

wil

Scale factor = Transducer Input Current / Transducer Output Current

External shunt scaling. Default: 1.000

is scaling is applied to the current measurement channel voltage inputs. This is

Th used for current transducers that h ave a voltage output. These include Hall-effect transducers as well as simple resistive shunts.

The scaling factor is expressed in Amps (read) per Volt (applied).

The default value is 1. This means that with 1 V will read 1 A

rms

applied, the current channel

rms

An example would be a clam p -on Hall-effect current transducer measures up to 100 A. It has a voltage output of 10 mV per Amp, which is equivalent to 100 Amps per Volt. Enter ‘100.00’ and the PA4000 will display the correct system current.

Not yet implemented.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 49

The menu system

Analog inputs

Graphs and waveforms

Default: ±10 V r

The PA4000 has 4 analog inputs on the rear of the instrument. Each of the 4 inputs can used to measure signal from a device such as a torque sensor. Each of the four inputs has 2 different ranges. The ranges are ±10 V and ±1 V. Each input is sampled every millisecond the average value over the update rate of the instrum ent.

Analog inputs are made available to the MATH setup. They can be incorporated into the MATH formula and displayed on the MATH screen. (See page 52, Math.)

The PA4000 provides 4 graphical ways of displaying data:

Waveforms

Harmonic bar chart

Vector diagram

Integrator graphing

There are menu opt and vector diagrams. (See page 11, Quick view buttons.)

ange

ions for both waveforms and integrator graphing, bar charts

Waveforms

Integrator parameters

The waveform menu allow s you to select which waveforms to display on the waveform screen. For each group, you can select any voltage, current or Watts waveform for each channel in the group for d isplaying on the waveform graph. (See page 11, Quick view buttons.)

To change groups use the left and right arrow keys at the bottom left of the display.

The Integrator parameter menu allows you to select one parameter to display on the integrator graphing screen from the list of available integrator parameters below:

Watt Hou rs

VA Hours

VA r H o u r s

Amp Hours

Watts Average

PF Average

Volts

Amps

50 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Interfaces

The menu system

Watts

Fundamental VA-Hours (VAHf)

Fundamental VAr-Hours (VArHf)

Correction VAr

For each waveform selected, there is a choice on the graph menu to turn on or off the selected parameter for each channel in the group.

Integrator graphing parameters are set on a per-group basis. To change groups use theleftandrightarrowkeysatthebottomleftofthedisplay.

For more information on setting up the integrator, (See page 41.). For more information on displaying the integrator waveforms, (See page 16.)

This menu may be used to set up the interfaces of the PA4000.

RS232 baud rate

GPIB Address

Printing

Ethernet Conﬁgure

Default: 38400

9600, 19200 and 38400 (default) are available.

The PA4000 uses h ardware handshaking (RTS / CTS) with no parity, 8 data bits and 1stop bit (N,8,1).

The RS232 baud rate is unchanged after a “*RST” or “:DVC” command.

Default: 6

Enter the GPIB address.

Default address is 6. The address is unchanged after a “*RST” or “:DVC” command.

Not yet implemented.

The PA4000 offers Ethernet communications through an Ethernet port using TCP/IP.

The Ethernet port will make a TCP/IP connection o n port 5025. Port 5025 is designated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to be a SCPI port.

Use the IP Selection Method menu, to opt for a dynamically assigned IP address, by selecting “Set IP using DHCP”, or a ﬁxed/static IP address by selecting “Fix IP Address”.

To view the current IP settings, press the [SETUP] key.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 51

The menu system

Datalog

Math

To con ﬁgure the Setup menu. This allows entry of the IP address, the subnet mask and the default gateway. After entering the relevant data press the OK button, in each menu, to apply.

For basic com m unication needs via TCP/IP the user can try the Agilent Connection Expert contained in the Agilent IO Libraries Suite 15.0.

The Ethernet mode (Static/DHCP), IP address, default gateway and subnet mask are unchanged after a “*RST” or “:DVC” command.

Future implementation.

The math results are displayed on a different results screen from the other results. This improves the ability to view math results. Normal m easurement parameters can be displa ye d on the m ath results screen. They just have to be speciﬁed in a formula. (See page 18, Math screen.)

static IP address, choose “Static IP Settings” in the Ethernet

The user is able to set the values of up to 3 0 math functions, labelled FN1 through FN30. For each function you can specify the following:

Name – User-friendly name up to 10 characters. (Default is the same as the label i.e. FN1). In the menus, the function label is always displayed alongside the users name for the function.

Units – User friendly units such as W for Watts. (Default is blank). Scaling such as u, m, k, M will be added to the unit as appropriate. Units are up to 4 characters .

Equation – The actual math formula, up to 100 characters.

Example: W = 21.49, VA = 46.45

Name = “PF”

Units = “PF”

Equation = “CH1:W / CH1:VA” W = 21.49 and VA = 46.45

To select this equation for viewing go to the MATH menu list showing FN1 – FN30 and apply the green tick to the one you wish to view. Next press the [MATH] hard key to display your equation, the math’s results display will show “PF 4 63.27 mPF”

Example: CH1:W = 21.49, CH2:W = 53.79

Name = “EFFICIENCY”

52 PA4000 Power Analyzer

The menu system

Units = “W”

Equation = “CH1:W / CH2:W”

To select this equation for viewing go to the MATH menu list showing FN1 – FN30andapplythegreenticktotheoneyouwishtoview. Nextpressthe [MATH] hard key to display your equation, the math’s results display will show “EFFICIENCY 399.95 mW “

You can specify any channel or group parameter listed below in addition to the voltage input on each of the 4 analog inputs.

Valid character are A-Z, 0-9,., x, -, +, /, (, ), :, space, and ^

No more than 255 characters can be used

The number format i

When entering a form ula you can use the left and right arrow keys (

s [+/-] <decimal digits][E[+ /-]exponent]

)tomove

the cursor. This allow s for easy correction and changing of complex formulae.

Each math function can be either enabled or disabled. Only enabled results are available for display.

The valid channel parameters are CH <1-4> followed by ":" and then one of the following parameters:

VRMS Volts RMS ARMS Amps RMS

W Watts

VA Volt-Amps VAR Volt-Amps Reactive

VDC Volts DC ADC Amps DC

VRMN

PF Power Factor VPKP Volts Peak

VPKN

APKN

Rectiﬁed Mean Volts

Volts Peak (negative)

Amps Peak (negative) VCF Volts Crest Factor

FREQ

ARMN

APKP Amps P eak

Frequency

Rectiﬁed Mean Amps

(positive)

ACF Amps Crest Factor

WF Fundamental Watts VARF Fundamental

VF Fundamental Volts AF Fundamental Amps

PFF Fundamental Power Factor R Resistance

X Reactance VDF Voltage Distortion

VTHD Voltage Total H armonic

Distortion

Z Impedance

Volt-Amps Reactive

Factor

VTIF Voltage Telephone

Inﬂuence Factor

PA4000 Power Analyzer 53

The menu system

ADF

ATI F

VHA<1-99> Voltage Harmonic Angle

AHA<1-99>

VRNG

AHR Ampere Ho

VAHR VA Hours VARH Watt Hours

WAV Watts Average PFAV PF average

CORRVARs Correction VArs

Current Distortion Factor

Current Telephone Inﬂuence Factor

(1-99)

Current Harmonic Angle (1-99)

Voltage Range

urs

ATHD

VHM<1-99> Voltage Harmonic

AHM<1-99>

WHM<1-99> Watts Harmonic

ARNG Current Range

WHR Watt Hour

TINT Integra

Current Total Harmonic Dist

Magnitude (1-99)

Current Harmonic Magnitude (

Magnitude (1-99)

(Hours)

ortion

1-99)

tion Time

The valid group parameters are GRP<A-D > followed by ":SUM:" and then one of the following parameters:

VRMS Volts RMS ARMS Amps RMS

W Watts VA Volt-Amps

VAR Volt-Amps Reactive PF Power Factor

AHR Ampere Hours WHR Watt Hours

VAHR VA Hours VARH VAr Hours

WAV Watts Average PFAV PF average

TINT Integration Time

WF Fundamental Watts VF Fundamental Volts

AF Fundamental Amps VARF Fundamental

PFF Fundamental

Power Factor

CORRVARs Correction VArs

Volt-Amps Reactive

The follow parameters are used to return the values from the analog inputs:

ANA1 Analog Input 1 ANA2 Analog Input 2

ANA3 Analog Input 3 ANA4 Analog Input 4

In addition, a function can refer to another function by using “FNx” where x is the function number. Functions will be calculated in the order of 1 through 30, so this will have to be factored in when writing equations.

Operators available from the front panel keyboard are:

+-x/()

X2- {shown as ^2 and will square the preceding number}

54 PA4000 Power Analyzer

The menu system

Xy-{shownas^a following number}

√ - {shown as SQ the brackets }

Operators t

SIN(),COS(),TAN(){whichtakeanangle in degrees which is b etween the brackets an

ASIN(), ACOS() {which take a number between -1 and 1 which is between the bracke

ATAN() {which takes a number that is between the brackets and return an angle in d

LN(), LOG() {which returns the logarithm o f the number between the bracket

Constants that may be typed:

PI() (3.14159)

Tip:.

and TAN() will be entered as whole words whereas ACOS(), ASIN(), ATAN(), LN() and LOG() must be typed as individual letters when the blue shift key L.E.D is illuminated.

hat may be typed:

d return its sine, cosine or tangent)

tsandreturnanangleindegrees}

egrees}

s. LN is log to the base e, LOG is log to the b ase 10}

When the blue shift key LED is illuminated operators such as COS(), SIN()

nd will take the preceding number to the power of the

RT() and will take the square root of the number between

System conﬁguration

Blanking

The formula is checked for validity when OK is selected. If there is an error, then an error message is displayed. If there are no errors then a dialog box will be displayed showing the calculated value.

To leave the formula entry screen press the back arrow button (

If the math result is invalid (for example, inﬁnity because of a divide by zero) the display will show 4 dashes.

Default: Enabled

Normally enabled, select Disable to measure voltage or current that is small.

The blanking levels are set to 5% of the currently selected range, with the exception of the lowest current range. For the lowest current range, blanking is set to 10%.

If blanking operates on either voltage or current then all rela ted measurements would be blanked including W, VA and PF.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 55

The menu system

Update rate

Averaging

Auto Zero

Default: 0.5

The update determines the period over which samples are accumulated and updated.

The range is 0.2 second to 2 seconds in 0.1 second increments. With update rates below 0.5 seconds, the number of results that can be updated at that rate is limited.

Default: 1

An averaging depth of between 1 and 10 c an be speciﬁed. The default value is 10. Wit values being averaged over 5 seconds.

If the range is changed, then the averaging is reset.

Default: On

Normal automatically. This is called Auto Zero.

Auto Zero should normally be enabled. If it is disabled, then the values obtained from the last auto zero run will be used.

h the update rate set to 0.5 seconds (the default), this corresponds to

ly the PA4000 will canc el any small dc offsets in the meas urement

Host / Client

Clock

Power saving

Selecting Run Now and pressing takes approximately 100 ms. The state of whether auto zero is either enabled or disabled will not be changed, and there is no feedback to indicate it has run. The

o zero will only be run on the currently selected ranges.

aut

Future implementation.

These options may be used to check or set the PA4000’s internal c lock:

Set Time - Enter the time using the format shown and press OK to con ﬁ rm.

et Date - Enter the date using the format shown and press OK to conﬁrm.

Time Format - Select 12 Hour or 24 Hour and press to conﬁrm.

Date Format - Select the required date format and press to conﬁrm.

The PA4000 has the ability to reduce its own power consumption by switching off the display.

Display. Default: Always on

will run the auto zero immediately. This

56 PA4000 Power Analyzer

The menu system

Analyzer conﬁguration

In the display m

Always On – This is the default mode and the display will always be on.

Switch off after 10 minutes – With this selection, the display will switch off after 10 minutes if no key is pressed. Pressing any key will bring the display back on. The

Switch off in remote mode – With this selection, if the PA4000 receives a command via Pressing any key will turn the display back on, but the PA4000 will remain in remote mode until the [LOCAL] key is pressed. Pressing the [LOCAL] key to switch the display on will not return the PA4000 to local mode.

The analyzer conﬁguration menu has the same function a s the [SETUP] key. Selecting this will display the complete setup of the instrument. You can use the up and down soft keys to s croll through the conﬁguration.

Pressing the right arrow key will change the conﬁguration screen to display information on the physical unit. This includes the serial number of the unit, the ﬁrmware version a nd information on the main card and analog cards, including calibration date.

enu you have 3 options:

key press will perform no other action.

any of the communication interfaces, the display will go off.

nal functionality

Optio

User conﬁguration

Future implementation.

PA4000 has the ability to store and recall up to 8 user conﬁgurations and

The also to recall a default c on ﬁguration.

ﬁrst option is to ‘Load Default Conﬁguration’. Choosing this option by

The pressing defaults are listed in previous sections of this chapter.

ForeachUserConﬁgurationyoucangointosubmenuandyoumay:

Rename – give the conﬁguration a meaningful name. A name can be up to 16 char acte rs.

Save Current Conﬁguration– save a conﬁguration. This is always the complete setting of the PA4000 at the time you choose this option.

Print – Not yet implemented.

sets every menu option of the PA4000 to its factory default. The

pply – apply the saved conﬁguration.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 57

The menu system

Save to USB – Not

LoadfromUSB–Notyetimplemented.

NOTE. Loadin

message. The current conﬁguration of the unit will not be changed.

gaconﬁguration that has never been saved will result in an error

yet implemented.

58 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Remote operation

Overview

Using the remote commands the PA4000 can be used to perform high speed, complex or repetitive measurements. All PA4000s have the ability to communicat port can be added.

Interfacing with RS232 systems

The RS232 port is a standard PC type 9-way male D-type located on the rear of the instrument and may be used for remote control of the PM6000. A modem cable should be used.

The RS232 port uses 8 bits, no parity, one stop bit and hardware ﬂow control.

See Serial Port for a detailed pin description of the RS232 connector. (See page 98, Serial port.)

Remote operation

e via RS232, Ethernet, or via USB as standard. Optionally, a GPIB

See RS232 Baud Rate for details on the interface menus.(See page 51, RS232 baud rate.)

Interfacing with USB systems

The PA4000 supports USB control using the Test and Measurement class.

A detailed pin description of the port, along with speed and connection information is given in the speciﬁcations. (See page 99, USB peripheral.)

Interfacing with Ethernet systems

The PA4000 supports Ethernet control using a 10Base-T network.

See Ethernet Port for more information on the Ethernet connection. (See page 100, Ethernet port.)

See Ethernet Conﬁgure for information on how to set up the Ethernet addressing information.(See page 51, Ethernet Conﬁgure.)

PA4000 Power Analyzer 59

Remote operation

Interfacing w

ith GPIB systems (optional)

Status reporting

Status byte

The PA4000 optionally supports control via a GPIB port. This option must be installedbyanauthorizedTektronix representative.

See IEEE 488/GPIB for a detailed pin description of the GPIB connector. (See page 98 , IEEE 488 / GPIB (optional).)

The PA4000 uses a similar status byte to IEEE488.2. The PA4000 Status Byte Register non-zero state in the Standard Event Status Register (ESR) or the Display Data Status Register (DSR) respectively.

The ESR and DSR each have enable registers, ESE and DSE respectively, that is set by the user. These enable registers act as a mask to reﬂect chosen elements of the appropriate status registers to the Status Byte Register. Setting the appropriate bit of the enable register to 1 conﬁgures transparency.

If a status register is read, that register is reset to zero.

(STB) contains the ESB and DAS bits. These two bits indicate a

60 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Remote operation

Status Byte Register (STB)

PA4000 Power Analyzer 61

Read by “*STB?”.

Bit 5 - ESB Summary bit to show standard event status.

Remote operation

Display Data Status

Bit 0 - DAS Summa

Read by “:DSR?” or in summary by *STB? DAS bit. On power-up DSR is initialized to zero. When read using the “:DSR?” comm and the register bits are cleared as li

Bit4-OVV. Set to indicate there is a voltage range overload. Automatically cleared when range overload clears.

Bit3-OVA. Set to indicate there is a current range overload. Automatically cleared when range overload clears.

Bit1-NDV. Set to indicate that new data has become available since the last :DSR? command. Cleared when read.

sted below.

ry bit to show display data available.

Display Data Status Enable

Bit0-DVL. Set to indicate the availability of data. Cleared when read.

Read by “:DSE?” and set by “:DSE <value>”.

Bit4-OVV. Enable OVV bit in DSR.

Bit3-OVA. Enable OVA bit in DSR.

Bit1-NDV. Enable N DV bit in DSR. (Default to enabled on power-up.)

Bit0-DVL. Enable DVL bit in DSR. (Default to enabled on power-up.)

62 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Remote operation

Standard Event Status

Enable Register (ESE)

Read by “*ESR ?”

Bit5-CME. Command error; command not recognized.

Bit 4 – EXE. Command execution error.

Read by “*ESE?” and set by “*ESE <value>”. Cleared when read.

Bit5-CME. Enable CME bit in ESR. (Default to enabled on power-up.)

or in summary by the ESB bit in STB.

Command listing

Bit4-EXE. Enable EXE bit in ESR. (Default to enabled on power-up.)

The following conventions are used for command syntax:

Square brackets indicate optional parameters or keywords [ ]

Triangle brackets indicate values to be speciﬁed < >

Vertical bar indicates the choice of parameters |

Commands and res ponses are sent as ASCII strings terminated with a line feed. The PA4000 is not case sensitive and white space characters are ignored except where required between command and parameter.

Multiple commands cannot be sent in a single string w here a ‘;’ character is used at the end of each command.

For all commands where a parameter is supplied, a space is required between the end of the command and the ﬁrst parameter i.e. “:SYST:CTYPE? 1” will work. “:SYST:CTYPE?1” will cause a time out error.

The list of comma nds is split into relevant sections. In general each section corresponds to a menu option from the main menu on the PA4000.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 63

Remote operation

IEEE 488.2 standard commands and status commands

*IDN?

*CLS

*ESE

Unit identity

Syntax *IDN?

Return format

Description

Tektronix, PA4000, serial number, Firmware version

The serial number is the serial number of the main chassis. The ﬁrmware version is the version of the ﬁrmware suite, which includes all processors

Clear event status

Syntax *CLS

Return format

Description

Set stan

Syntax *ESE <ﬂags>

Default

Description

dard event status enable register

None

Clears the standard event status register to 0

Where ﬂags = value for enable register as a decimal 0 – 255

Sets the bits that are enabled in the standard event status register. The

enable register uses the same bit deﬁnitions as the standard event

status status register

*ESE?

*ESR?

Read standard event status enable register

Syntax *ESE?

Return format

Description Returns the value in the standard event status enable register.

0 - 255

Read event status register

Syntax *ESR?

Return format

Description Returns the value in the standard event status register, AND’ed with the

0 - 255

value in the standard event status enable register. The event status

gister is cleared once it has been read

64 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Remote operation

*RST

*STB?

:DSE

Reset device

Syntax *RST

Return format

Description

None

Resets the unit conﬁguration to default values (performs the same action as Load Default Conﬁguration menu option on the front panel)

Tip. Allow 5 – 10 seconds after *RST has been sent prior to executing further commands to allow all defaults to processed and set.

Read status byte

Syntax *STB?

Return format

Description Returns the value in the status byte, masked by the service request enable

0 - 255

Set Data Status Enable Register

Syntax :DSE <ﬂags>

Default

Description

255

Sets the bits that are enabled in the display status register

:DSE?

:DSR?

:DVC

Read Data Status Enable Register

Syntax :DSE?

Return format

Description Returns the value in the data status enable register

0 – 255

Read Data Status Register

Syntax :DSR?

Return format

Description Returns the value in the data status register, AND’ed with the value in the

0 – 255

data status enable register. The data status register is cleared once it has been read

Device clear

Syntax :DVC

Return format

Description

None

Performs a soft reboot. This is has the same affect as *RST or :CFG:USER:LOAD 0 (loading the default user conﬁguration)

PA4000 Power Analyzer 65

Remote operation

Channel and gr

:INST:NSEL

:INST:NSEL?

oup commands

The following commands are used to select the active group or channel. They are similar in concept to pressing the left and right arrow keys to c hange the group or channel whil

Set active group

Syntax :INST:NSEL <group number>

Return format

Descript

Read active group

Syntax :INST:NSEL?

Return format

Description

ion

e displaying a menu screen.

<group num of groups available in the PA4000

None

Sets the speciﬁed group as the active group for command and actions that may follow

Returns the number of the group selected (between 1 and 4 depending on wiring conﬁguration)

ber> is an integer between 1 and 4, depending on the number

:INST:NSELC

:INST:NSELC?

Select active channel

Syntax :INST:NSELC <channel number>

<channel number> is an integer between 1 and 4, depending on the number of channels installed in the PA4000

Return format

Description

None

Sets the number of the channel selected (between 1 and 4 depending on number of channels installed in the PA4000)

Return active channel

Syntax :INST:NSELC?

Return format

Description

Returns the number of the channel selected (between 1 and 4 depending on number of channels installed)

66 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Remote operation

Unit informat

:CAL:DATE?

:SYST:CTYPE?

ion commands

The Unit Information commands are commands that are used to return information on the unit beyond the information returned by the *IDN? command.

Calibration date

Syntax :CAL:DATE? <channel number, <date type>

Return format Appropriate calibration date in the format dd-mm-yyyy

Description

Card type

Syntax :SYST:C

Return

Description

format

Where <channel number> is 1 through 4. <date type> is 1 through 2

Returns the calibration date from the designated analog card. <date type> canbeeither: 1=Dateveriﬁed 2 = Date adjusted

TYPE? <channel number> Where <channel number> is 0 through 4 <serial number> is a 12 character string

are revision> is up to 4 characters

<hardw

Tektronix, <card type>, <serial number>, <hardware revision>

ype> is either CPU for the main card, or ANALO G for a channel card

<card t <serial number> is a 12 character string <hardware revision> is up to 4 characters

Returns the card type, serial number and hardware revision for the

nated channel. Channel 0 is the main CPU card

desig

Measurement selection and reading commands

These commands are related to selecting the measurements required and returning those results.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 67

Remote operation

:SEL

Select results

Syntax :SEL:CLR

:SEL:CLR:GRP<group> :SEL:<measur

Where <group> is a group number 1 through 4.

Where <measu VLT - Volts rms AMP - Amps rms WAT - Watts VAS - VA VAR - VAr FRQ - Freque PWF - Power factor VPK+ - Volts peak (positive) VPK- - Volt APK+ - Amps peak (positive) APK- - Amps peak (negative) VDC - Volt ADC - Volts D C VRMN - Volts rectiﬁed mean ARMN - Amp VCF - Voltage crest factor ACF - Amps crest factor VTHD - Vo Distortion VDF - Volts Distortion Factor VTIF - Vo Factor ATHD - Amps Total Harmonic

tion

Distor ADF - Amps Distortion Factor ATIF - Amps Telephone Inﬂuence

Facto IMP - Impedance RES - Resistance REA - R HR - Integrator time *1 WHR - Watt Hours *1

VA Hours *1

VAH VRH - VAr Hours *1 AHR - Amp Hours *1

Average Watts *1

WAV PFAV - Average Power Factor *1 CVAR - Correction

s *1 VF - Fundamental Volts rms

VAr AF - Fundamental Amps rms

ement>

rement> is:

ncy

s peak (negative)

sDC

srectiﬁed mean

lts Total Harmonic

lts Telephone Inﬂuence

eactance

68 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Select results (cont.)

WF - Fundamental Watts VAF - Fundamental VA VARF - Fundamental VAr PFF - Fundamental Power Factor VHM - Volts harmonics AHM - Amps harmonics WHM - Watts harmonics *1 – These results are only available for displaying / returning when the group is in integrator mode.

Description

:SEL determines which results are displayed on the screen also the results returned by the FRD? command. To see the currently selected command the “FRF?” command should be used. SEL:CLR clears all the results selected for all groups. Adding the secondary command of :”GRP” allows only those results within the speciﬁed group to be cleared. To add results to a group the command “:INST:NSEL <group> must be used ﬁrst. If it is not, then the last selected group will be affected (or group 1 if no group has previously been selected).

Remote operation

PA4000 Power Analyzer 69

Remote operation

:FRF?

Read selected r

Syntax :FRF?

Description

esults

:FRF:GRP<group>?

:FRF:CH<chan

Where <group> is a group number 1 through 4

Where <channel> is a channel number 1 through 4

FRF? and FRF:GRP? commands are used to return a list of the displayed results. Th <group>, <number of measurements selected>, <number of results returned>, <measurement 1>,<measurement 2>,…. and so forth, <group>,<

<number of measurements selected> is the number of measurements selected using either the front panel or the SEL command <number of used. When harmonics are selected, the number of results returned will exceed the number of measurements selected <measure The returned data will be the same as the label used on the results display. For harmonics “Vharm”, “Aharm and ‘Wharm” will be returned Each valu FRF? will return the selections for all groups

:FRF:CH<channel>? will return the list of results for a particular channel. This is u command will be the s ame as “FRF:GRP?, except the channel number will also be included. For example: <group results returned>, <measurement 1>,<measurement 2>,…. and so forth, <group>,<channel>, <number of measurements selected>,…

nel>?

e actual result is not returned. The return format is:

number of measurements selected>,…

results returned> equates to the number of rows on the display

ment 1> and so fort, is the name of the measurement selected.

e will be returned separated by a comma

seful for ease of measurements. The data returned for this

>, <channel>, <number of measurements selected>, <number of

iption

sults

<measurement> is the list of measurements deﬁned in :SEL.

osition> is the position in the list of results on the screen and is

<new p in the range 1 through 43.

The move command is used to change the order of results on both the screen in the returned results using FRD?. FRF? can be used to conﬁrm

rder of results.

the o

:MOVE

Move re

Syntax :MOVE:<measurement> <new position>

Descr

70 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Remote operation

:FRD?

Read foregroun

Syntax :FRD?

Description

d data

:FRD:CH<ch>? :FRD:GRP<gro Where <ch> is a channel number 1 through 4 Where <group> is a group number 1 through 4

The FRD commands returns results from the analyzer. The results are returned in result is a ﬂoating point number separated by a comma

The sequence is determined by order in which results are displayed on the front panel the order using the front panel of the instrument, or by using the :MOVE command

Results wi display. This means that if the user has selected SUM results or maximum and minimum results to be display ed, then these results will also be returned

For :FRD:CH<ch>?, if minimum or maximum results are selected, these will be returned. The o rder will be <min>, <ch>, <max>

For :FRD: selected, these will be returned. The order will be <min>, <ch>, <max>,

For :FRD of the results with the group will be the same as the :FRD:GRP<group >? command

up>?

the order in which they are displayed on the screen. Each

. The sequence can be conﬁgured either by the user changing

ll be returned column by column starting from the left of the

GRP<group>?, if minimum, maximum or SUM results are

?, each group will be returned starting with group A. The order

Measurement conﬁguration commands

rement conﬁguration commands correspond to the Measurement

Measu Conﬁguration Menu. (See page 37, Measurements conﬁguration.)

:HMX:VLT/AMP

Commands for conﬁguring the display of harmonics.

Harmonics conﬁguration

tax

Syn

Description

X:VLT:SEQ <value>

:HM

:HMX:AMP:SEQ <value>

Where <value> equals 0 for odd and even and 1 for odd only.

If harmonics measurements are selected (see :SEL), the PA4000 can

splay all harmonics, or just the odd number harmonics from the ﬁrst

di harmonic up to the number speciﬁed.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst

select the active group.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 71

Remote operation

Harmonics conﬁguration (cont.)

Syntax :HMX:VLT:RNG <value>

:HMX:AMP:RNG <value>

Where value> = the maximum harmonic to be display in the range of 1 to 100.

Description

Syntax :HMX:VLT:FOR <value>

Description

If harmonics measurements are selected (see :SEL), the PA4000 will display all the harmonics up to the number speciﬁed by <value >. The harmonics displayed can be restricted to odd numbered harmonics only using the harmonic sequence command.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

:HMX:AMP:FOR <value>

Where <value>

= 0 absolute values

= 1 percentage values

If harmonics measurements are selected (see :SEL), the PA4000 can display all harmonics (except the ﬁrst) as an absolute value or as a percentage of the fundamental (ﬁrst) harmonic.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

:HMX:VLT/AMP:DF

Commands for setting up the distortion factor measurements.

tortion factor setup

Dis

X:VLT:DF:REF <value>

Syntax

Description

:HM

:HMX:AMP:DF:REF <value>

Where <value> = 0 fundamental

=1r

r distortion factor readings (also known as the difference formula),

Fo the reference on the denominator of the equation can be either the rms reading or the fundamental harmonic reading.

is command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst

Th to select the active group.

72 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Remote operation

:HMX:VLT/AMP:THD

Commands for se

tting up the total harmonic distortion measurements.

Total harmonic distortion setup

Syntax

Description

Syntax :HMX:VLT:THD:SEQ <value>

Description

Syntax :HMX:VLT:THD:RNG <value>

Description

Syntax

Description

:HMX:VLT:THD:REF <value>

:HMX:AMP:THD:REF <value>

Where <value> = 0 fundamental

=1rms

For total harmonic distortion (THD) readings (also known as the series formula), the reference on the denominator of the equation can be either the rms reading or the fundamental harmonic reading.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

:HMX:AMP:THD:SEQ <value>

Where <value> = 0 for odd and even

= 1 for odd only

For total harmonic distortion (THD) readings (also known as the series formula), the harmonics used in the measurement can include all harmonics up to the speciﬁed number or only the odd harmonics.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

:HMX:AMP:THD:RNG <value>

Where <value> = the maximum harmonic to be display in the range of 2 to 100.

For total harmonic distortion (THD) readings (also known as the series formula), <value > is used to specify the maximum harmonic number used in the formula.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

:HMX:VLT:THD:NZ <value>

:HMX:AMP:THD:NZ <value>

Where <value> = 0 for exclude

= 1 for include

For total harmonic distortion (THD) readings (also known as the series formula), the formula can either include or exclude the DC component.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 73

Remote operation

:HMX:VLT/AMP:TIF

:MIN

Telephone inﬂu

Syntax

Description

ence factor set-up

:HMX:VLT:TIF

:HMX:AMP:TIF:REF <value>

Where <value> = 0 fundamental

=1rms

For telephon of the equation can be either the rms reading or the fundamental harmonic reading.

This comman to select the active group.

:REF <value>

einﬂuence factor readings, the reference on the denominator

d works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst

Minimum column

Syntax

Description The MIN command adds a column to the results that displays the minimum

Syntax :MIN?

Return 0 or 1

Description

:MIN <value>

Where <value> = 0 for disabled

= 1 for enabled

value of each parameter since the last time the minimum values were reset. A column is added for each channel in the group, as well as for SUM results if they are selected.

Enabling the column will always reset the MIN and MAX values for the currently selected group. The values can also be reset by using the :RES command or pressing the [RESET/CLEAR] button on the front panel.

To reset the MIN hold values, send the command :MIN 1 to re-enable the column. N ote that both MIN and MA X hold values will be reset.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

Returns the status of the minimum value c olumn. A 0 will be returned if disabled; a 1 if enabled.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

74 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Remote operation

:MAX

Maximum column

Syntax

Description The MAX command adds a column to the results that displays the

Syntax :MAX?

Return 0 or 1

ion

Descript

:MAX <value>

Where <value> = 0 for disabled

= 1 for enabled

maximum value of each parameter since the last time the maximum values were reset. A for SUM results if they are selected.

Enabling the column will always reset the MIN and MAX values for the currently s command or pressing the [RESET/CLEAR] button on the front panel.

To reset the MAX hold values, send the command :MAX 1 to re-enable the column. Not

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

Returns the status of the maximum value column. A 0 will be returned if disabled; a 1 if enabled.

This com to select the active group.

column is added for each channel in the group, as well as

elected group. The values can also be reset by using the :RES

e that both MIN and MAX hold values will be reset.

mand works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst

:SUM

SUM results

Syntax :SUM <value>

Where <value> = 0 for disabled

= 1 for enabled

Description

Syntax :SUM?

Return 0 or 1

Description

The SUM command adds a column to the results that displays the SUM values of each parameter selected (where applicable) for a group. This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group. If the currently selected groups wiring mode is 1 phase, 2 wire, then a request to add SUM results will be ignored.

Returns the status of the SUM results column. A 0 will be returned if disabled; a 1 if enabled.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 75

Remote operation

Mode setup commands

The mode set up commands correspond to the Modes menu. (See page 40, Modes.) They are used to control how groups are conﬁgured to measure parameters in certain conditions.

:MOD

Mode

Syntax :MOD:NOR (normal mode)

:MOD:BAL (ballast mode)

:MOD:SBY (standby power mode)

:MOD:INT (integrator mode)

:MOD:PWM (PWM Motor mode)

Description

Syntax :MOD?

Return format Mode number from 0 to 4.

Description

This command will set the mode for the group. Since this command works with a group, use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

This command will return a reference to mode for the active group. Since this command works with a group, use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

The returned values are:

0 – Normal Mode

1 – Ballast Mode

2 – Standby Power Mode

3 – Integrator Mode

4–PWMMotorMode

:MOD:BAL

Ballast mode

Syntax :MOD:BAL:FREQ <value>

Where <value> is the power frequency in the range of 45 to 1000Hz.

Description

Syntax :MOD:BAL:FREQ?

Return format Ballast frequency for the selected group.

Description

This command will set the power frequency for ballast mode. (See page 40, Ballast mode.) Since this command works with a group, use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

This command returns the ballast frequency for the active group. Since this command works with a group, use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

76 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Remote operation

:MOD:SBY

:MOD:INT

Standby mode

Syntax :MOD:SBY:PER <value>

Where <value> is the standby power integration period in the range of 1 to 1200 secon

Description

Syntax :MOD:SBY:PER?

Return

Description

This command (See page 41, Standby power mode.) Since this command works with a group, use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

Integration period for the selected group.

This command will return integration period for the active group. Since this com m to select the active group.

ds as an integer.

will set the integration period for standby power mode.

and works with a group, use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst

Integrator mo de

Syntax :MOD:INT:ST:METH <method> Where < method >

0 = manual

1=clock

2=level

NOTE: Since the integrator is a group function, use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

Description

Syntax :MOD:INT:ST:CLK:TIME <time>

Description

Syntax :MOD:INT:ST:CLK:DATE <date>

Description This will set integrator start date when used in clock start method. Data in

Syntax :MOD:INT:ST:LVL:CH <channel>

Description

Syntax :MOD:INT:ST:LVL:SIG: <measurement>

Description

Syntax :MOD:INT:ST:LVL:THRES <threshold>

Description

Sets the starting method for the integrator.

Where <time> is either hh:mm:ssA/P or :hh:mm:ss.

Sets integrator start time when used in clock start method. Data in input in the same format a s the user has requested.

Where <date> is either dd:mm:yyyy or :mm:dd:yyyy or yyyy:m m :dd.

input in the same format as the user has requested.

Where <channel> is 1 through 4

Sets the channel to use for level trigger. Speciﬁed as 1,2, 3 or 4. If the channel number is not valid, then the ESR bit will be set.

Where <measurement> is the measurement as deﬁned in the :SEL command. (See page 68, :SEL.)

Sets the signal to be monitored for comparison against the threshold. The command is followed by the normal signal selection parameter such as VRMS or PWF.

Set the threshold level. A ﬂoat from ± 1E9.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 77

Remote operation

Integrator mode (cont.)

Syntax :MOD:INT:ST:LVL:DIR <direction>

Where <direction> is 0 for “≥” and 1 for “≤”

Description

Syntax :MOD:INT:DUR <duration> Where <duration> is the time in minutes

Description

Syntax :MOD:INT:PF <power factor">

Description

Syntax :MOD:INT:RUN

Description

Syntax :MOD:INT:STOP

Description

Syntax :MOD:INT:RESET

Description

Sets the direction of signal change when using level trigger start.

Sets the duration for integration. Value of 0.0 to 10,000.

Where <power factor"> is the desired power factor in the r ange of +1 to –1

Sets the desired power factor for correction VArs. Value of +1.0 to –1.0.

Starts integration for the currently selected group.

Stops integration on all running integrators.

Resets integration for the currently selected group.

D:PWM

:MO

Input setup commands

:WRG

motor mode

PWM

NOTE: There are no speciﬁc PWM Motor mode command other than the normal :MOD:PWM command to select PWM Motor mode.

The input setup commands correspond to the Inputs menu. (See page 44, Inputs.)

hey are used to control how signal inputs to the PA4000 are channelled and

T controlled.

Wiring conﬁguration

Syntax :WRG:1P2 - Set 1 phase, 2 wire

:WRG:1P3 - Set 1 phase, 3 wire

:WRG:3P3 - Set 3 phase, 3 wire

:WRG:3P4 - Set 3 phase, 4 wire

Description

Sets up the wiring conﬁguration for the group currently selected. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

78 PA4000 Power Analyzer

Remote operation

:NAME

:RNG

Group name

Syntax

Description

Syntax :NAME?

Return format Group name up to 8 characters.

Descripti

:NAME <value>

Where <value> = 8 characters for group name

This command will set the display name for the group. The limit is 8 characters, per group name. Since this c ommand works with a group, use the :INST:NS

Where <value> = 8 characters for group name

This command will return the display name for the active group. Since this command works with a group, use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select

EL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

the active g roup.

Ranging

Syntax :RNG:VLT | AMP:FIX <range>

:RNG:VLT | AMP:AUT

VLT = set voltage ranging

AMP = set current ranging

FIX = Fixed ranging

AUT = auto ranging

Where <range> = range number from 1 to 12.

Description

Range #

Auto

3 2 V 0.2 A 0.005 A 0.003 V

4 5 V 0.5 A 0.0125 A 0.0075 V

6 20 V 2 A 0.05 A 0.03 V

8 100 V 10 A 0.25 A 0.15 V

9 200 V 20 A 0.5 A 0.3 V

10 500 V 50 A 1.25 A 0.75 V

11 1000 V 100 A 2.5 A 1.5 V

12 2000 V 200 A 5 A 3 V

Syntax :RNG:VLT | AMP?

Return 0 through 12.

Description

Sets the range for the currently selected group, Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

The range numbers for each input are deﬁned below:

Volts 30 A shunt 1 A shunt Ext. shunt

10 V 1 A 0.025 A 0.015 V

50 V 5 A 0.125 A 0.075 V

Returns the range conﬁ guration that applies to the currently selected group. If the currently selected group is in auto-range, then 0 will be returned.

PA4000 Power Analyzer 79

Tektronix PA4000 Manual Addendum

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual