Tektronix PA3000 User Manual

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PA3000

ZZZ

Power Analyzer

User Manual

*P077115201*

077-1152-01

PA3000

ZZZ

Power Analyzer

User Manual

www.tek.com

077-1152-01

Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions.

Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Speciﬁcations and price change privileges reserved.

TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

Contacting Tektronix

Tektronix, Inc. 14150 SW Karl Braun Drive P.O. B o x 5 0 0 Beaverto USA

For product information, sales, service, and technical support:

n, OR 97077

In North America, call 1-800-833-9200. Worldwide, visit www.tek.com to ﬁnd contacts in your area.

Warranty

Tektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3) years from the date of shipment. If any such product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be n the property of Tektronix.

ew or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and products become

In order to o the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, w ith shipping charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.

This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage result b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modiﬁed or integrated with other products when the effect of such modiﬁcation or integration increases the time or difﬁculty of servicing the product.

THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

TRONIX' RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE

TEK AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

[W4 – 15AUG04]

btain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of

ing from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product;

Table of Contents

Important safety information ............................. .................................. ..................... vii

General safety summary .................................................................................... vii

Service safety summary...................... ................................ ................................ . x

Terms in this manual ..... ................................ ................................ .................... xi

Symbols and terms on the product.......................................................................... xi

Compliance information ......................................................................................... xii

EMC compliance ................... ................................ ................................ ......... xii

Safety compliance ........................................................................................... xiii

Environmental considerations ............................................................................... xv

Preface ............................................................................................................ xvii

Features and abilities . . . ... . . . .... . . ... . . . .... . . ... . . . .... . . ... . . . .... . . ... . . . .... . . ... . . . .... . . ... . . . .... . . xvii

Getting started..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . .... . . .... . . .... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ... . . ..... . ... 1

Before you begin - safety .................. .................................. ................................ . 1

Power on. ................................ .................................. ................................ ..... 2

Concept of global, group, and channel parameters...................................... ................... 3

Connecting to the product under test ........................................................................ 4

Results screen .................................................................................................. 6

Navigating the Results screen ................................................................................ 7

Navigating the menu system.................................................................................. 8

On-screen help ...................... ................................ .................................. ......... 9

Front panel . ................................ .................................. ................................ ...... 11

Front panel controls and connectors .................. .................................. .................... 11

Quick view keys .............................................................................................. 12

Results screen ................................................................................................. 13

Waveform screen.............. .................................. ................................ .............. 14

Bar chart screen ....................... ................................ .................................. ...... 15

Integrator screen .................... .................................. ................................ ........ 17

Vector screen .......................... ................................ .................................. ...... 19

Math screen.................................................................................................... 20

Setup screen ............................. ................................ ................................ ...... 21

Front panel USB port............... ................................ .................................. ........ 22

Soft keys....................................................................................................... 23

Menu and Help keys.......................................................................................... 24

Operational and alphabetical keys .................... ................................ ...................... 24

Number and formula keys ................................................................................... 25

Logging data to a storage device........ ................................ .................................. .. 26

Connecting signals ................ .................................. ................................ .............. 28

Input overview ...................... .................................. ................................ ........ 28

To connect a simple current transformer... ................................ ................................ 30

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual i

Table of Contents

To connect an ex

To connect a transducer with a voltage output............................................................. 33

To connect a voltage transformer / transducer............................................................. 34

Power for external transducers .............................................................................. 35

The menu system .................................................................................................. 36

Measurements................................................................................................. 36

Measurement Conﬁguration menu.......................................................................... 38

Modes .......................................................................................................... 42

Inputs........................................................................................................... 47

Graphs and waveforms....................................................................................... 53

Interfaces ...................................................................................................... 54

Datalog........................................... ................................ .............................. 56

Math results ................................................................................................... 56

System Conﬁguration ........................................................................................ 59

User Conﬁguration ........... .................................. ................................ .............. 61

Remote operation .................................................................................................. 62

Overview .................. ................................ ................................ .................... 62

Interfacing with RS-232 systems............................................................................ 62

Interfacing with USB systems............................................................................... 62

Interfacing with Ethernet systems........... ................................ ................................ 62

Interfacing with GPIB systems (optional) ................................................................. 63

Status reporting ..................... ................................ .................................. ........ 63

Command listing.............................................................................................. 66

IEEE 488.2 standard commands and status commands .................................................. 67

Channel and group commands .............................................................................. 69

Unit information commands......... ................................ ................................ ........ 70

Measurement selection and reading commands ..................... ................................ ...... 70

Measurement conﬁguration commands .................................................................... 74

Mode setup commands... ................................ ................................ .................... 79

Input setup commands ....................................................................................... 83

Graph and waveform commands........................ ................................ .................... 88

Interface commands .... ................................ .................................. .................... 89

Datalog commands ....... .................................. ................................ .................. 90

Screen save commands......................... ................................ .............................. 91

Math commands ........................ ................................ ................................ ...... 91

System conﬁguration commands............................................................................ 92

User conﬁguration commands..................... ................................ .......................... 95

Sending and receiving commands .......................................................................... 96

Communications examples .. .................................. ................................ .............. 97

PA3000 software....................... ................................ ................................ .......... 100

PWRVIEW PC software ..... .................................. ................................ ............ 100

ternal resistive shunt ................................ .................................. .... 31

ii PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Table of Contents

Firmware updat

Application examples ....................... ................................ .................................. .. 103

Example 1: Efﬁciency testing single phase applications ............................................... 104

Example 2: Efﬁciency testing three phase applications ........ ................................ ........ 112

Example 3: Energy consumption testing............... ................................ .................. 121

Example 4: Standby power measurements (IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0)........ .............................. 127

Example 5: I

Reference information .......................................................................................... 139

Measured parameters....................................................................................... 139

Accuracy equations......................................................................................... 141

Sum equations............................................................................................... 142

Communication ports....................................................................................... 146

Index

e utility . . ..... . ..... . ... . . . .... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ... . . ..... . ..... . ..... . 101

nrush current testing............. ................................ ............................ 133

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual iii

Table of Contents

List of Figure

Figure i: Tektronix PA3000 Power Analyzer................................................................. xvii

Figure 1: Typical PA3000 input connections.................................................................... 4

Figure 2: Rear panel input module .............. ................................ ................................. 5

Figure 3: Result screen (four-channel instrument).............................................................. 6

Figure 4: Left and right arrow hard keys ..................... ................................ ................... 7

Figure 5: Front panel controls and connectors ................................................................. 11

Figure 6: Quick view keys ......... ................................ ................................ .............. 12

Figure 7: Results screen .......................................................................................... 13

Figure 8: Waveform screen....................................................................................... 14

Figure 9: Bar chart screen ........ ................................ .................................. .............. 15

Figure 10: Integrator screen.................. ................................ .................................. .. 17

Figure 11: Vector screen .......................................................................................... 19

Figure 12: Math screen ........................................................................................... 20

Figure 13: Setup screen (ﬁrst screen) ........................................................................... 21

Figure 14: Setup screen (second screen)........................................................................ 22

Figure 15: Operational and alphabet keys ............................ ................................ .......... 24

Figure 16: Example data ﬁle ..................................................................................... 27

Figure 17: Signal inputs on rear panel (Channel 1 shown) ................................................... 28

Figure 18: Current transformer connections............................ .................................. ...... 30

Figure 19: External resistive shunt connections ............................................................... 31

Figure 20: Current transformer connections............................ .................................. ...... 34

Figure 21: External resistive shunt connections ............................................................... 35

Figure 22: Measurements screen ................................................................................ 36

Figure 23: Example of a moved measurement ................................................................. 38

Figure 24: Measurement Conﬁguration menu ....... .................................. ........................ 38

Figure 25: Single-phase, two-wire and DC measurements. Select 1 phase, 2 wire mode.. . ..... . ..... . .. 47

Figure 26: Single-

Figure 27: Three-phase, three-wire (2 Wattmeter method). Select 3 phase, 3 wire............ ............ 48

Figure 28: Three phase, three wire (3 Wattmeter method). Select 3 phase, 3 wire (3V3A)............... 48

Figure 29: Three-phase, three-wire (3 Wattmeter method). Select 3 phase, 4 wire............ ............ 49

Figure 30: Three-phase, four-wire (3 Wattmeter method). Select 3 phase, 4 wire..... .................... 49

Figure 31: Status byte............................................................................................. 63

Figure 32: Status byte register ................................................................................... 64

Figure 33: Display Data Status Register ........................................................................ 64

Figure 34: Display Data Status Enable Register....... ................................ ........................ 64

Figure 35: Standard Event Status Register ........... ................................ .......................... 65

Figure 36: Standard Event Status Enable Register ............................................................ 65

Figure 37: PWRVIEW software . ................................ ................................ .............. 100

phase, three-wire. Select 1 phase, 3 wire.................................................. 48

iv PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Table of Contents

Figure 38: AC-D

Figure 39: Efﬁciency measurement on the PA3000 ......................................................... 105

Figure 40: Harmonic bar chart on the PA3000... ................................ ............................ 108

Figure 41: Efﬁciency measurement with the PWRVIEW software............ ............................ 108

Figure 42: Efﬁciency Trend Chart............................................................................. 110

Figure 43: Logging setup....................................................................................... 111

Figure 44: C

Figure 45: PWM motor drive efﬁciency (1 phase in and 3 phase out) .. ................................ .. 114

Figure 46: Vector graph on the PA3000....................................................................... 116

Figure 47: PWM Motor drive efﬁciency (3 phase in and 3 phase out).................................... 117

Figure 48: Auxiliary inputs setup for torque and speed measurements . .... . . .... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... 119

Figure 49: Harmonic bar chart ................................................................................. 120

Figure 5

Figure 51: Energy consumption testing on the PA3000..................................................... 123

Figure 52: Integration Trend chart............................. .................................. .............. 126

Figure 53: Custom Limits .................... ................................ ................................ .. 127

Figure 54: Standby power measurements wiring diagram.................................................. 128

Figure 55: Standby Power mode......................... ................................ ...................... 129

Figu

Figure 57: IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0 Standby power test report................................................... 132

Figure 58: Inrush current measurement wiring diagram .................................................... 134

Figure 59: Min-Max columns for the Inrush current measurement........................................ 135

Figure 60: Inrush current measurement....................................................................... 136

Figure 61: Power analyzer communication ports on the rear panel........................................ 147

0: Energy consumption measurements wiring diagram ........................................... 122

re 56: Full compliance IEC 62301 Standby power test ............ .................................. .. 130

Cefﬁciency measurement wiring diagram ............................................... 105

ustom limits setup ................................................................................ 112

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual v

Table of Contents

List of Tables

Table 1: Front panel controls and connectors .................................................................. 11

Table 2: Sig

Table 3: Weighing factors for TIF ............................................................................... 41

Table 4: Effects of frequency range settings in PWM mode. ... . . ..... . ..... . ... . . . .... . ..... . ..... . ..... .... 46

Table 5: Input ranges.............................................................................................. 50

Table 6: Valid channel parameters............. ................................ ................................ .. 57

Table 7: Valid group parameters ................. .................................. .............................. 58

Table 8: V

Table 9: Parameters for returning values from the analog and counter inputs.......... .................... 58

Table 10: Status byte register bit deﬁnitions . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ... . . . .... . . .... . . 64

Table 11: Display data status register bit deﬁnitions . . .... . . .... . . .... . . .... . . .... . . .... . . .... . . .... . . .... . . .. 64

Table 12: Display data status enable register bit deﬁnitions . . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . 64

Table 13: Standard event status register bit deﬁnitions.............. .................................. ........ 65

Table

Table 15: Phase measurements........................................... ................................ ...... 139

Table 16: Measurement accuracy.............................................................................. 141

Table 17: One phase, three wire sum equations............ ................................ .................. 142

Table 18: Three phase, three wire sum equations............ ................................ ................ 143

Table 19: Three phase, four wire sum equations............................................................. 144

ble 20: USB connector pin descriptions............................................ ........................ 146

Table 21: Communication ports on the rear panel ........... .................................. .............. 147

Table 22: Ethernet pin descriptions...................................... ................................ ...... 148

Table 23: GPIB port pin conﬁguration descriptions ......................................................... 148

Table 24: Auxiliary input-output pin descriptions . .... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ... . . ..... . ..... . ..... . ... . . . .... . . 149

Table 25: RS-232 connector pin descriptions .............. .................................. ................ 149

nal inputs on rear panel..................... ................................ ........................ 28

alid group sum parameters ........................................................................... 58

14: Standard event status enable register bit deﬁnitions .... . ..... . ... . . . .... . ..... . ..... . .... . ..... . .. 65

vi PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Important safety information

This manual contains information and warnings that must be followed by the user for safe operation and to keep the product in a safe condition.

To safely perform service on this product, additional information is provided at the end of this section. (See page x, Service safety summary.)

General safety summary

Use the product only as speciﬁed. Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it. Carefully read all instructions. Retain these instructions for future reference.

Comply with local and national safety codes.

For correct and safe operation of the product, it is essential that you follow generally accepted safety procedures in addition to the safety precautions speciﬁed in this manual.

The product is designed to be used by trained personnel only.

Only qualiﬁed personnel who are aware of the hazards involved should remove the cover for repair, maintenance, or adjustment.

To avoid ﬁre or personal

injury

Before use, always check the product with a known source to be sure it is operating correctly.

This product is not intended for detection of hazardous voltages.

Use personal protective equipment to prevent shock and arc blast injury where hazardous live conductors are exposed.

While using this product, you may need to access other parts of a larger system. Read the safety sections of the other component manuals for warnings and cautions related to operating the system.

When incorporating this equipment into a system, the safety of that system is the responsibility of the assembler of the system.

Use proper power cord. Use only the power cord speciﬁed for this product and certiﬁed for the country of use.

Do not use the provided power cord for other products.

Use proper voltage setting. Before applying power, make sure that the line selector is in the proper position for the source being used.

Ground the product. This product is grounded through the grounding conductor of the power cord. To avoid electric shock, the grounding conductor must be

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual vii

Important safety information

connected to ea terminals of the product, make sure that the product is properly grounded.

Do not disable the power cord grounding connection.

Power disconnect. The power cord disconnects the product from the power source. See instructions for the location. Do not position the equipment so that it is difﬁcult to operate the power cord; it must remain accessible to the user at all times to allow for quick disconnection if needed.

Connect and disconnect properly. Do not connect or disconnect probes or test leads while they are connected to a voltage source.

Use only insulated voltage probes, test leads, and adapters supplied with the product, or indicated by Tektronix to be suitable for the product.

Observe all terminal ratings. To avoid ﬁre or shock hazard, observe all ratings and markings on the product. Consult the product manual for further ratings information before making connections to the product. Do not exceed the Measurement Category (CAT) rating and voltage or current rating of the lowest rated individual component of a product, probe, or accessory. Use caution when using 1:1 test leads because the probe tip voltage is directly transmitted to the product.

Do not apply a potential to a ny terminal, including the common terminal, that exceeds the maximum rating of that terminal.

rth ground. Before making connections to the input or output

Do not ﬂoat the common termina

The measuring terminals on this product are not rated for connection to Category III, or IV circuits.

Do not operate without covers. Do not operate this product with covers or panels removed, or with the case open. Hazardous voltage exposure is possible.

Avoid exposed circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and components when powe r is present.

Do not operate with suspected failures. If you suspect that there is damage to this product, have it inspected by qualiﬁed service personnel.

Disable the product if it is damaged. Do not use the product if it is damaged or operates incorrectly. If in doubt about safety of the product, turn it off and disconnect the power cord. Clearly mark the product to prevent its further operation.

Before use, inspect voltage probes, test leads, and accessories for mechanical damage and replace when damaged. Do not use probes or test leads if they are damaged, if there is exposed metal, or if a wear indicator shows.

Examine the exterior of the product before you use it. Look for cracks or missing pieces.

l above the rated voltage for that terminal.

viii PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Important safety information

Use only speciﬁ

Replace batteries properly. Replace batteries only with the speciﬁed type and rating.

Recharge batteries properly. Recharge batteries for the recommended charge cycle only.

Use proper fuse. Use only the fuse type and rating speciﬁed for this product.

Wear eye protection. Wear eye protection if exposure to high-intensity rays or

laser radiation exists.

Do not operate in wet/damp conditions. Be aware that condensation may occur if a unit is moved from a cold to a warm environment.

Do not operate in an explosive atmosphere.

Keep product surfaces clean and dry. Remove the input signals before you clean

the product.

Provide proper ventilation. Refer to the installation instructions in the manual for

ils on installing the product so it has proper ventilation.

deta

ed replacement parts.

Probes and test leads

Slots and openings are provided for ventilation and should never be covered or

erwise obstructed. Do not push objects into any of the openings.

oth

Provide a safe working environment. Always place the product in a location convenient for viewing the display and indicators.

Avoid improper or prolonged use of keyboards, pointers, and button pads. Improper or prolonged keyboard or pointer use may result in serious injury.

Be sure your work area meets applicable ergonomic standards. Consult with an ergonomics professional to avoid stress injuries.

Use care when lifting and carrying the product. This product is provided with handles for lifting and carrying.

Use only the Tektronix rackmount hardware speciﬁed for this product.

Before connecting probes o r test leads, connect the power cord from the power connector to a properly grounded power outlet.

Keep ﬁngers behind the ﬁnger guards on the probes.

Remove all probes, test leads and accessories that are not in use .

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual ix

Important safety information

Use only correc and amperage rated probes , test leads, and adapters for any measurement.

WARNING. To prevent electrical shock, do not exceed the maximum measurement

or maximum ﬂ oating voltage for the test lead.

Connect and disconnect properly. Connect the test leads to the measurement product before connecting it to the circuit under t est. Connect the reference test lead to the circuit under test before connecting the test lead input. Disconnect the test lead input and the reference test lead from the circuit under test before disconne

Connect and disconnect properly. De-energize the circuit under test before connecting or disconnecting the test leads.

Do not connect a test lead to any circuit that carries voltages above the voltage rating of the test lead.

Inspect the test leads and accessories. Before each use, inspect test leads a nd accessories for damage (cuts, tears, or defects in the test lead body, accessories, or cable jacket). Do not use if damaged.

cting the test leads from the measurement product.

t Measurement Category (CAT), voltage, temperature, altitude,

Floating measurement use. Do not ﬂoat the reference lead above the rated ﬂoat voltage.

Servicesafetysummary

The Service safety summary section contains additional information required to safely perform service on the product. Only qualiﬁed personnel should perform service procedures. Read this Service safety summary and the General safety summary before performing any service procedures.

To avoid electric shock. Do not touch exposed connections.

Do not service alone. Do not perform internal service or adjustments of this

product unless another person capable of rendering ﬁrst aid and resuscitation is present.

Disconnect power. To avoid electric shock, switch off the product power and disconnect the power cord from the mains power before removing any covers or panels, or opening the case for servicing.

Use care when servicing with power on. Dangerous voltages or currents may exist in this product. Disconnect power, remove battery (if applicable), and disconnect test leads before removing protective panels, soldering, or replacing components.

x PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Important safety information

Verify safety a

strength after performing a repair.

fter repair. Always recheck ground continuity and mains dielectric

Terms in this manual

These terms may appear in this manual:

WAR NI NG . Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result

in injury or loss of life.

CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in

damage to this product or other property.

Symbols and terms on the product

These terms may appear on the product:

DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking.

WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking.

CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.

this symbol is marked on the product, be sure to consult the manual

When to ﬁnd out the nature of the potential hazards and any actions which have to be taken to avoid them. (This symbol may also be used to refer the user to

ngs in the manual.)

rati

The following symbol(s) may appear on the product:

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual xi

Compliance information

Compliance in

EMC compliance

EC Declaration of Conformity – EMC

formation

This section environmental standards with which the instrument complies.

Meets intent of Directive for Electromagnetic Compatibility. Compliance was demonstrated to the following speciﬁcations as listed in the Ofﬁcial Journal of the European Communities:

EN 61326-1, EN 61326-2-1. EMC requirements for electrical equipment for measure

CISPR 11. Radiated and conducted emissions, Group 1, Class A

IEC 61000-4-2. Electrostatic discharge immunity

IEC 61000-4-3. RF electromagnetic ﬁeld immunity

IEC 61000-4-4. Electrical fast transient/burst immunity

IEC 61000-4-5. Power line surge immunity

lists the EMC (electromagnetic compliance), safety, and

ment, control, and laboratory use.

1234

1000-4-6. Conducted RF immunity

IEC 6

IEC 61000-4-11. Voltage dips and interruptions immunity

EN 61000-3-2. AC power line harmonic emissions

EN 61000-3-3. Voltage changes, ﬂuctuations, and ﬂicker

Mfr. Compliance Contact.

ektronix, Inc. PO Box 500, MS 19‐045

T Beaverton, OR 97077, USA www.tek.com

This product is intended for use in nonresidential areas only. Use in residential areas may cause electromagnetic interference.

Emissions which exceed the levels required by this standard may occur when this equipment is connected to a test object.

Equipment may not meet the immunity requirements of applicable listed standards when test leads and/or test probes are connected due to coupling of electromagnetic interference onto those leads/probes. To minimize the inﬂuence of electromagnetic interference, minimize the loop area between the unshielded portions of signal and associated return leads, and keep leads as far away as possible from electromagnetic disturbance sources. Twisting unshielded test leads together is an effective way to reduce loop area. For probes, keep the ground return lead as short as possible and close to the probe body. Some probes have accessory probe tip adapters to accomplish this most effectively. In all cases, observe all safety instructions for the probes or leads used.

For compliance with the EMC standards listed here, high quality shielded interface cables should be used.

xii PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Compliance information

Australia / New Zealand

Declaration of

Conformity – EMC

Safety compliance

EU declaration of

conformity – low voltage

Complies with t following standard, in accordance with ACMA:

CISPR 11. Radi accordance with EN 61326-1.

This section lists the safety standards with which the product complies and other safety compliance information.

Complian Ofﬁcial Journal of the European Union:

Low Volta

EN 61010 Control, and Laboratory Use – Part 1: General Requirements.

EN 6101 Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use – Part 2-030: Particular requirements for testing and measuring circuits.

he EMC provision of the Radiocommunications Act per the

ated and Conducted Emissions, Group 1, Class A, in

ce was demonstrated to the following speciﬁcation as listed in the

ge Directive

-1. Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,

0-2-030. Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for

Equipment type

Safety class

Pollution degree

descriptions

and measuring equipment.

Test

Class1–groundedproduct.

A measure of the contaminants that could occur in the environment around and within a p roduct. Typically the internal environment inside a product is considered to be the same as the external. Products should be used only in the environment for which they are rated.

Pollution degree 1. No pollution or only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs. Products in this category are generally encapsulated, hermetically sealed, or

ocated in clean rooms.

Pollution degree 2. Normally only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs.

ccasionally a temporary conductivity that is caused by condensation must

O be expected. This location is a typical ofﬁce/home environment. Temporary condensation occurs only when the product is out of service.

Pollution degree 3. Conductive pollution, or dry, nonconductive pollution that becomes conductive due to condensation. These are sheltered locations

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual xiii

Compliance information

Pollution degree rating

IP rating

Measurement and

overvolt

age category

descriptions

where neither t from direct sunshine, rain, or direct wind.

Pollution deg conductive dust, rain, o r snow. Typical outdoor locations.

Pollution degree 2 (as deﬁned in IEC 61010-1). Rated for indoor, dry location use only.

IP20 (as deﬁned in IEC 60529).

Measurement terminals on this product may be rated for measuring mains voltages from one o the product and in the manual).

Categor points (socket outlets and similar points).

Catego

Category IV. At the source of the electrical supply to the building.

rmoreofthefollowingcategories(seespeciﬁc ratings marked on

y II. Circuits directly connected to the building wiring at utilization

ry III. In the building wiring a nd distribution system.

emperature nor humidity is controlled. The area is protected

ree 4. Pollution that generates persistent conductivity through

Mains overvoltage

category rating

NOTE.

Only measurement circuits have a measurement category rating. Other circuits within the product do not have either rating.

Overvoltage category II (as deﬁned in IEC 61010-1).

Only mains power supply circuits have an overvoltage category rating.

xiv PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Environmental considerations

This section provides information about the environmental impact of the product.

Compliance information

Product end-of-life

handling

Observe the f

ollowing guidelines when recycling an instrument or component:

Equipment recycling. Production of this equipment required the extraction and use of natural resources. The equipment may contain substances that could be harmful to the environment or human health if improperly handled at the product’s end of life. To avoid release of such substances into the environment and to reduce the

use of natural resources, we encourage you to recycle this product in an appropriate system that will ensure that most of the materials are reused or recycled appropriately.

This symbol indicates that this product complies with the applicable European Union re on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and batteries. For information about recycling options, check the Support/Service section of the Tekt r on

quirements according to Directives 2012/19/EU and 2006/66/EC

ix Web site (www.tek.com).

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual xv

Compliance information

xvi PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Preface

Features and abilities

Preface

The Tektronix PA3000 is a powerful and versatile precision power analyzer. Designed to provide clear and accurate measurements of electrical power and energy on all electrical products, the PA3000 is both an easy to use bench instrument and a fast and programmable automatic test interface.

Figure i: Tektronix PA3000 Power Analyzer

Some of the basic features are listed below:

Measures watts, volts, amps, volt-amperes and power factor; always accurate, even on distorted waveforms

100 harmonics for voltage, current, and watts as standard

One to four channels for multiphase measurements

Quick access to results, graphing and menus

Built in 30 A and 1 A shunt

Range of measurement from milliwatts to megawatts

Bright color display

Comprehensive range of computer interfaces including RS-232, USB, GPIB (optional), and Ethernet

Data logging to an attached USB ﬂash drive

±15 V supply for external transducers

Easy-to-use menu system with context-sensitive help

Built in math screen where any result can be manipulated and displayed. Ideal for measurements such as efﬁciency

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual xvii

Preface

xviii PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Getting started

Before you begin - safety

Carefully read and adhere to the following warning statements before you connect the power analyzer.

WAR NI NG . To avoid possible electric shock or personal injury please be aware

of the following items:

By connecting the power analyzer to active circuits, the terminals and certain parts inside the power analyzer are live.

If possible, open the circuit before establishing a connection to the power analyzer.

Before connecting the circuits, ensure that the maximum measuring voltage and maximum voltage to earth ground (600 V

Do not use leads and accessories that do not comply with relevant safety standards, as this could lead to serious injury or death from electric shock.

Shunts and conductors can generate heat when in use and surfaces can burn the skin.

, CAT II) is not exceeded.

rms

Qualiﬁed personnel

Installation

This product is intended to be operated by qualiﬁed personnel only. This means only persons who are familiar with the installation, assembly, connection, inspection of connections, and operation of the power analyzer and who have been trained in the following areas:

Switching on/off, enabling, earth-grounding and identiﬁcation of electrical circuits and services/systems according to the applicable safety standards

Maintenance and operation of appropriate safety gear, in accordance with the applicable safety standards

First aid

Ensure that all persons using the device have read and fully understood the user manual and safety instructions.

Mains connection must conform to these ranges/values: 100 – 240 V, 50/60 Hz.

The device can only be used under certain ambient conditions. Ensure that the actual ambient conditions conform to the admissible conditions speciﬁed in this manual.

Ensure this product is installed in such a way that its power cable is accessible at all times and can easily be disconnected.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 1

Getting started

Before each use

Connection sequence

Ensure that the connected devices used in conjunction with this product are in proper working order and clean.

Ensure that any third-party accessories used in conjunction with the device conform to the applicable IEC 61010-031 / IEC 61010-2-032 standards and are suitable for the respective measuring voltage range.

WARNING. To avoid possible electric shock or personal injury, when the

measuring 600 V

For safety reasons, when connecting a circuit to the power analyzer, proceed in the sequence outlined as follows:

1. Connect the instrument power cord to a properly grounded mains outlet.

The power analyzer is now connected to the protective earth ground wire.

2. Power on the instrument.

circuit is used to measure MAINS, the voltage to earth must not exceed

in a CAT II environment.

rms

power and connecting cables as well as all accessories a nd

Power on

During use

3. Conne

1. Check that the power analyzer is in good condition with no signs of damage.

2. Follow the Connection Sequence described in the Before you begin - safety

3. Press the power switch to turn on the power analyzer.

ct the measuring circuit according to all instructions and as shown in

the connection diagrams in this manual.

For connecting cables and instruments, work in teams of at least two people.

If you detect any damage to the housing, controls, power cable, connecting leads, or connected devices, immediately d isconnect the unit from the power

ply.

sup

If you are in doubt as regards the safe operation of the device, immediately

ut down the unit and the respective accessories, secure them against

sh inadvertent switching on, and have them serviced by a qualiﬁed service person.

section. (See page 1.)

2 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Getting started

The instrument 15 seconds. During power on you will see the serial number and ﬁrmware version of the instrument.

4. The instrument is now ready for use.

will start the power on sequence; this takes approximately

Concept of global, group, and channel parameters

Deﬁnition of a group

Global, group, and channel

settings

With a multiphase power analyzer there is often a requirement to link together measurement channels. This is known as grouping. Within a group, one channel will act as the frequency source and reference for all other channels in the group. Grouping is commonly used in applications such as three phase motor measurements. Channels 1 and 2 can be grouped together to allow for the measurement of the input power, where Channels 3 and 4 could be grouped together to measure the output power. For more information on applying grouping to channels, see the Wiring section of The Menu System chapter. (See page 47, Wiring.)

The PA3000 has many different settings that affect both the appearance of the results and the actual results. To make the instrument easier to operate, settings might have an effect on one or more parameters. Depending on the p arameter, the inﬂuence or use of it might be on a global level, a per-group level or a per-channel level. The split for parameters that have an effect on meas ure ments and results is deﬁned below.

Global settings

Groups settings

Global settings affect all measurements. The following settings are global:

lanking (See page 59, Blanking.)

Averaging (See page 59, Averaging.)

Update rate (See page 60, Update rate.)

Autozero (See page 60, Autozero.)

Global settings will appear under the System Conﬁguration menu.

Per-group settings affect every channel in a group. The settings affected are:

Measurements (See page 36, Measurements.)

Measurement conﬁguration(Seepage38,Measurement Conﬁguration menu.)

Mode (See page 42, Modes.)

Wiring (See page 47, Wiring.)

Ranges (See page 50, Ranging.)

Shunt selection (See page 51, Shunts.)

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 3

Getting started

Channel setti

Connecti

Frequency sour

Bandwidth (See page 52, Bandwidth.)

ngs

Channel setting are completely independent of any grouping. The following settings are on a per-channel basis:

Scaling factor (See page 52, Scaling.)

When setting a parameter that is a per-group or per-channel parameter, the group or channel will be displayed at the top of the menu. To change the group or channel, use the left and right arrow hard keys.

ng to the product under test

The PA3000 will measure up to 600 V using the 4 mm terminals on the rear of each analog card. For measurements outside voltage transducers. (See page 28, Connecting signals.)

To mea s with the supply voltage and in series with the load current as shown in the following ﬁgure.

the range (low or high power), see the information on using current and

ure power, connect the measuring terminals of the PA3000 in parallel

ce (See page 51, Frequency Source.)

,CATIIand30A

rms

or 1 A

rms

directly

WARNING. Using improper or damaged safety cables can result in serious injury

or death from electrical shock. To avoid injury always use good quality safety cables as supplied and verify that they are not damaged before use.

Figure 1: Typical PA3000 input connections

Refer to the following ﬁgure while connecting the cables to the rear panel input module on the PA3000.

4 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Getting started

Figure 2:

For plug-connected single phase products, the simplest and safest way to make a connection to the product under test is to use a Tektronix Break Out Box. This providesalinesocketforconnectionoftheproductand4x4mmsocketsfor direct connection to the PA3000 terminals as d escribed above.

Turn on the supply to the load and the power analyzer is now ready to take measurements. Note that it is not necessary to power off or power on the ins

Rear panel input module

Connect

Connect the AC supply neutral to the VLO terminal.

Connect the load neutral to either the 30 A AHI or 1 A A1A terminal.

Connect the supply neutral to the ALO terminal.

trument on when connecting the load.

the AC supply live to the VHI terminal.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 5

Getting started

Results screen

The Results screen displays after the instrument completes the power-on sequence. The following ﬁgure shows the Results screen.

Figure 3: Result screen (four-channel instrument)

Depending on the number of channels in your instrument, the Results screen shows up to four columns of results (one per channel). The display can be broken down into columns and rows. Each column is one of four colors representing the

ts for that group. There can be many different columns within a group. In a

resul single-phase application, there can only be one column of results per group. If the minimum and maximum hold columns were added, then this would expand the number of columns to three.

Within a group, the result name is listed in the group color on the left of the group. All the results with the group are always shown in the same order. The results are shown on separate rows.

In default mode, each column represents one channel of the instrument, and each channel is contained with a different group. Each group is conﬁgured as a wiring setup, for example: 1 phase, 2 wire. Each row shows the measurement

ype Vrms, the measured value, 248.4 and the measurement units, V.Normal

t engineering notation is used to describe units, mV = millivolts (10e-3) and MV = megavolts (10e+6).

6 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Navigating the Results screen

On the right side of most screens is a column of soft keys. Use these keys to navigate through the displayed screen or to access other screens or menus. The soft keys are displayed on the menus, but are controlled by the front panel keys to the right of the display.

Getting started

Page up

Scroll up on

Scroll down one measurement row

Page down

e measurement row

To view the results in a larger size, press (ZOOM key on the left front panel). The screen will cycle through four different zoom levels, which are:

Four columns of 12 results per column

Two columns of six results per column

One column of three results per column

Four co

lumns of nine results with six math results

If there are more columns than can be displayed on the screen (for example: six

ns of results in four-column mode), use the left and right arrow hard keys to

colum scroll to those columns.

Figure 4: L eft and right arrow hard keys

The PA3000 has the option of ﬁxed or auto ranging. Default is auto range. If you choose a ﬁxed range, or the peak of the input signal is larger than the range, then an over range condition will occur. This will be indicated on the results screen

all the results in the over ranged channel ﬂashing on and off. In addition, the

by “Vrms” and / or “Arms” will ﬂash to indicate whether the over range is on either the voltage channel, the current channel, or both.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 7

Getting started

Navigating the menu system

The menu system provides complete access to all settings of the PA3000. To

Example: Choosing

measurements to display

access the menu system, press the

To return to t

press

With the men used to navigate and select options. A list of the menu keys can be found in the soft key section of the manual. (See page 23, Soft keys.)

If the menu you are in displays a group or channel name, this means that the setting is only for the displayed group or channel. To move to another group or channel, use the left and right arrow hard keys.

One of the ﬁrst tasks to carry out is to change the list of displayed measurements.

To choo

1. Press

2. Press

will b

3. Use the

he measurement display at any time, simply press

(RESULT key).

u system active, the ﬁve soft keys to the right of the display can be

se the measurements on the display:

(to show the menu).

to see the list of Measurements. Measurements with a check mark

e displayed in the order shown.

and keys to select a measurement to display an d press

(MENUS key).

again or

to enable it to be displayed.

4. To change the order in which a measurement is displayed, ﬁrst s elect the

measurement you want to move and then press

The selection bar will turn red.

5. Us

To remove a selected measurement, select it and press

To restore the default list, see the User Conﬁguration Menu. (See p age 61, User Conﬁguration.)

NOTE. Depending on the mode selected, some measurements will not be

selectable. (See page 42, Modes.) More details on selecting measurements are available. (See page 36, Measurements.)

the new position.

and to move the measurement and then press to accept

8 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Getting started

On-screen hel

Throughout the menu system, on-screen help is available to provide summarized

help on the subject at hand. For example, press

(HELP) key; help on the Main Menu will be displayed. Press again to remove the help and return back to the previous screen.

As you select menu options and need help on a particular screen, press abriefsum

at every level; if you press without any help showing then there is no help available at this level.

mary of help on that subject. Help does not exist on every screen and

andthenpressthe

to get

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 9

Getting started

10 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Front panel

Front panel controls and connectors

Figure 5: Front panel controls a nd connectors

Table 1: Front panel controls and connectors

4 640 x 480 TFT display

6 Menu and Help keys

Quick view keys

Left and right arrow hard keys

USB connection for ﬂash drives

Soft keys

Number and formula keys

Front mounted on / off switch

Operational and alphabet keys

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 11

Front panel

Quick view key

The Quick view keys provide easy access to different display screens.

Figure 6: Quick view keys

The ﬁrst seven keys change the display screen to show different information:

(RESULT key) displays the normal Results screen.

(WAVE key) displays waveforms.

(BAR key) displays a harmonics bar chart.

(INTEG key) displays integrator waveforms when in Integrator mode.

(VECTOR key) displays a vector diagram.

(MATH key) displays the math results as conﬁgured from the math

menu.

(SETUP key) displays a screen showing the current instrument

conﬁguration.

Press any one of these keys to change to the appropriate display. Pressing the same key again has no effect.

At the bottom there is a ZOOM key (

The ZOOM key changes the number of results displayed on the screen. It will go from four columns, to two columns, to one column, and then to four columns with math results at the bottom. Pressing again will return the d isplay to four columns.

), and left and right arrow hard keys.

12 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Front panel

Results screen

The left and rig results (there can be up to 15 columns of results). The left and the right arrow hard keys are also used in other screens such as the menu screen for changing groups or the waveform screen for moving the cursors.

The Results screen is the default, power on screen for the instrument.

ht arrow hard keys move the results left and right to see more

Figure 7: Results screen

The Results screen displays all the requested results.

The size / number of results on the screen can be controlled by pressing

The actual results displayed, along with the order in which they are displayed, is controlled by the Measurements menu. (See page 36, Measurements.) The number of harmonics displayed, the minimum and maximum hold columns displayed, and the display of the Sum column are controlled using the Measurement Conﬁguration menu. (See page 38, Measurement Conﬁguration menu.)

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 13

Front panel

Waveform scre

Press to display the Waveform screen. This screen shows waveforms of the measured data in continuous operating mode.

Figure 8: Waveform screen

The Waveform screen consists o f two sections. At the top right of the display are the volts, amps and watts values for each of the channels in the group. The label for the channel is color coded to match the waveform. (See page 53, Graphs and waveforms.) Measurements are displayed even if the waveform is not.

Below these measurements is the actual waveform which is plotted out against the X and Y axes.

Select the waveforms to view by pressing Waveforms,andthenWaveform followed by the actual selection of volts, amps,

or watts to display as a waveform. You can also press

ickly access the Select Waveforms menu.

Waveform selection is done on a per-group basis. Only signals within a speciﬁed

roup can be displayed on the same waveform graph.

Changing the group is done by using the left and right arrow hard keys at the

ottom left of the display. This changes the group of and the waveforms displayed.

, selecting Graphs and

as a shortcut to

14 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Front panel

Bar chart screen

When drawing a w at the intersection of the X and Y axes. Choosing to display or not display the reference waveform will not affect the position of the other waveforms. For example, if Channel 1 volts was the phase reference and Channel 1 amps was 90 degrees lagging, but Channel 1 volts was not displayed, then Channel 1 amps would still start at 90 degrees lagging.

For the X (time) axis, the range will be twice the period of the lowest frequency signal being displayed, rounded up to time starting with 1, 2 or 5. For example, if 50 Hz is the lowest frequency, then twice the period would be 40 ms, and 50 ms would be the time base. If there is no frequency measured on any of the displayed waveforms (all DC), then 500 ms will be used for the time base.

For the Y axis the range for all the displayed channels of the s ame units (volts, amps,orwatts)isexamined. Themaximumrangeistherangeused.

Press to display the Bar chart screen. The Bar chart screen displays either volts, amps or watts harmonic information in the form of a bar chart.

aveform, the phase reference signal for the group is started

Figure 9: Bar chart screen

The data used for the display is based on the harmonics setup for the group in which the channel is in. All soft key actions are on a per-group basis. The left and right arrow hard keys are used to change channel.

Harmonics do not need to be displayed as results for the bar chart to show harmonics. If harmonics are never displayed, and never conﬁgured, then the bar chart would be based on the default harmonic setup.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 15

Front panel

At the top of eac

h graph are two readings and group and channel name. The ﬁrst reading is the fundamental value, in the measured units, and phase angle. The second result is the highlighted harmonic in the same units as it would be displayed on the results screen (either percentage or absolute as deﬁnedbythe users setting for the group) and the phase angle. The phase angle will be displayed irrespective of whether it is displayed on the results screen.

An individual harmonic can be selected by using the left and right arrow soft keys. The selected harmonic will be yellow as opposed to green. The left and right arrows wil

l only change the selection of the harmonic with the active group. If the display is only showing one bar chart, then using the selection is straightforward. When the user then changes to the next channel using the left and right arrow hard keys, the harmonic selected will be based on possible changes when viewing the previous channel.

For the X axis, the maximum number of harmonic values that can be displayed is 50, even though there could be up to 100. The harmonic values displayed are determined by the harmonic sequence and range for the appropriate group. For exampl the 50 19

e, if the unit h as been conﬁgured to display odd and even harmonics up to

, then 50 harmonics will be displayed. If only odd harmonics up to the

, then 10 harmonics will be displayed.

If the number of harmonics to be displayed is less than 50, then they will be spread across the allowed width of the graph. If the user has selected more than 50 harmonics to display, then the left and right arrow soft keys will be used to scroll through the harmonics and the axis labels will be changed after the 50

harmonic result has been reached.

A summary of the soft keys is detailed below:

ggles the harmonics displayed between

To volts, amps, and then watts, returning back to volts. Works on a per-group basis.

Changes the harmonic selected by one to

he right (higher order).

hanges the harmonic selected by one to

C the left (lower order).

Jumps to the harmonics setup m enu.

16 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Integrator screen

Front panel

Press to display the Integrator screen. The Integrator screen allows you to display integrated results on a graph when in Integrator mode. (See page 43, Integrator mode.)

Figure 10: Integrator screen

One of the following results can be displayed at any one time:

Watt Hours

VA H o u r s

ours

VA r H

Amp Hours

Watts Average

PF Average

Volts

Amps

atts

Fundamental VA-Hours (VAHf)

Fundamental VAr-Hours (VArHf)

Correction VArs

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 17

Front panel

As with the inte This means that the maximum number of plot lines is four, which will occur in a 3p4w system with sum results. There is the option of adding or removing plot lines from the display within the constraints of the group. For example, you could select to see the Channel 1 result and the Sum result.

There are two reasons for allowing this selection:

In a bala nced three-phase system, the integrated readings for each channel will be very similar and so the plot lines will be overlaid one on top of the other. This could lead to confusion.

Again in a balanced three phase system, if a channel and the sum results are displayed on the same graph, the channel plot will never come higher up the Y axis than 1/3 way, at best. Removing the sum result and rescaling the Y axis all

At the top of the d isplay is a reading for each channel in the group (including the Sum cha waveform setup screen to display on the screen, for example, if the plot is WHrs, then the reading is WHrs.

The plot is always in the same color as the channel designator.

At any or right arrow hard keys will change to group results. If only one group is in integrator mode, then graph will not change.

nnel). The reading is for the same result as is selected in the integrator

time while the integration graph is being d isplayed, pressing the left

grator itself, the results are displayed on a group-by-group basis.

ows better resolution for the channel plot.

Both the X and Y axes are automatically scaled. For the Y axis, the time will change automatically as the integration time increases. This allows for the best viewing of the graph.

Any time during integration, you change the plots by pressing the INT soft key. This takes you directly to the integrator waveform setup menu with the appropriate group selected.

18 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Vector screen

Front panel

Press to display the Vector screen. The Vector screen displays one of volts, amps, or volts and amps harmonic information in the form of a vector diagram.

Figure 11: Vector screen

Vectors will be displayed on a per-group basis. The left and right arrow hard keys change the currently displayed group. The active group is displayed in the top left corner in the appropriate group color.

The left and the right soft keys change the harmonic number currently being displayed. The harmonics available for display will be the same as the harmonics in the results screen. There are two differences. The ﬁrstisthatiftheresults screen is conﬁgured to display magnitudes as a percentage of the fundamental, the absolute magnitude will still be used. This will allow a true comparison between the magnitudes of the selected harmonic for each channel in the group. The second is that if the user has not enabled harmonics to display, then the harmonic setup will still be used. This provides a quick way to view harmonic information without displaying harmonics.

The V/A top soft key toggles the display between displaying volts vectors only, amps vectors only, and both volts and amps vectors.

Each vector displayed is shown in a different color. There can be up to six vectors displayed on the graph at one time. This would be a for a 3p4w conﬁguration showing volts and amps.

In addition to displaying a vector line, the magnitude and phase angle of the vector are displayed to the right of the vector diagram. Both the voltage and current information is shown even if the vector is not.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 19

Front panel

Math sc

reen

The magnitude i

s based on the maximum range for the group being displayed (in auto range channels can be on different ranges). The ranges will not change when the harmonic number is changed, allowing a visual comparison between harmonic numbers.

A summary of the soft keys is detailed below:

Toggles the only, amps only, and volt and amps together. Works on a per-group basis.

Changes the harmonic vector displayed by one to the right (higher order). Works on a per-group

Changes the harmonic vector displayed by one to the lef basis.

Jumps to the harmonics setup menu. Jumps to the appr

vectors displayed between volts

basis.

t (lower order). Works on a per-group

opriate group.

Press to display the Math screen. The Math screen displays user conﬁgured

s. These can be a selection of desired values displayed on one easy-to-read

value screen, or basic measurements mathematically manipulated to show a required avalue.

Figure 12: Math screen

20 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Front panel

Setup screen

Up to 30 math fun function the following can be speciﬁed:

Name. User fri label, for example, FN1). In the menus, the function label is always displayed alongside the users name for the function.

Units. User friendly units such as W for watts. (Default is blank). Preﬁxes such as u, m, k, M will be added to the unit as appropriate. Units will be up to four characters.

Function. The actual math formula, up to 100 characters.

Additional information can be found under the Math results. (See page 56.)

Press to access the Setup screens. The ﬁrst screen displays the current conﬁguration of the channels and groups, and items such as blanking and remote

l settings. Press

contro screen.

ctions, labelled FN1 through FN30, can be deﬁned. For each

endly name up to ten characters. (Default is the same as the

or to view information at the bottom of the

Figure 13: Setup screen (ﬁrst screen)

Access the second screen by pressing the right arrow hard key at bottom, left side of the front panel. This screen shows instrument conﬁguration including information, such as when the unit was last veriﬁed and last adjusted, the serial number of the unit and the ﬁrmware version, and information on the installed analog cards.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 21

Front panel

Front panel USB port

Figure 14

Use the front panel USB port with an attached USB ﬂash drive to capture screens or to collect data for use on another device.

When you connect the ﬂash drive to the USB port, the LED under the DATA OUT key momentarily turns on.

When you press the SCREEN SAVE key, the instrument performs a screen capture and saves the screen to the ﬂash drive. The LED under the DATA OUT key turns on while the screen is saved to the ﬂash drive.

When you press the DATA OUT key, the instrument logs the measurement data to a ﬁle on the ﬂash drive; the LED under the key blinks while the instrument logs the data. Press the key again to stop the data logging.

For additional information on the front panel USB port refer to the discussion under Communication ports, later in this document. (See page 146, Front panel USB host port.)

: Setup screen (second screen)

22 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Soft keys

Front panel

Soft keys provide context-sensitive functionality. Common soft key images provide common functionality. The common soft keys are shown below. If the symbol on the

key is gray, the limit has been reached. Details on the specialized

soft keys are in the appropriate section of this manual.

Page up

Move up one result / menu line / help text line.

No functionality

Move down one result / menu line / help text line.

Page down

Go to the previous menu.

Go to the next menu.

Move the selected measurement up or down in the list.

Move selected measurement up one row

Move selected measurement down one row.

Select highlighted item.

Canc

Apply value.

Delete one character to the left of the cursor.

Clear the text entry.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 23

Front panel

Menu and Help keys

The Menu and Help keys are located above the operational and alphabet keys to the right of the display.

Toggles the on screen menus on and off. The menu will always come on

at the top level.

Toggles on screen help that is context sensitive based on the current

display. Pressing any other key, other than conﬁgured soft keys, when help is

displayed, will have no effect. Press

Operational and alphabetical keys

To the right of the soft keys a re the operational keys, which also function as a way of entering alphabetical characters.

againtoclosethehelpscreen.

Figure 15: Operational and alphabet keys

USER 1 / ABC, USER 2 / DEF. These keys provide quick access to a set menu. Pressing and holding either of these keys for 2 seconds while displaying a menu will link the menu to the pressed key. For example, if you press and hold USER 1 while the Voltage range menu is showing, then press USER 1 while any other screen is showin g, the Voltage range menu displays.

SCREEN SAVE / GHI. Press this key to perform a screen capture and to save the screen to a compatible ﬂashdriveconnectedtothefrontpanelUSB port. The screen is saved as a bit mapped ﬁle in a PA3000 folder on the ﬂash drive. The ﬁle name is automatically assigned by the instrument, such as SCREEN01.BMP; if the name already exists, the instrument increments the

24 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Front panel

number to avoid key turns on while the data is written to the ﬂash drive.

DATA OUT / JKL logged, then this key will ﬂash.

RESET/CLE of the instrument. It can clear minimum / maximum hold results and reset the integrator.

INTEG RUN / PQRS. Press this key to start or stop the integrator. If the integrator is running, then this key will be on.

HOLD / TUV. Press this key to stop updating the results on the screen. Pressing again lets the results change. If the display is held, then the LED under the HOLD key will be on. If the integrator is running, the values will still be accumulating.

LOCAL / WXYZ. Any time the instrument receives communications via USB, GPIB, Ethernet, or RS-232, the front panel will be locked out. Press the LOCAL key to return control to the front panel. When the front panel is

ocked out, the LED under the LOCAL key will be on.

To enter alphabetical characters, press the SHIFT key, located under the Number and formula keys. The LED under the SHIFT key turns on. Each time the same alphabetical character key is pressed the letter being entered changes i n the order shown above the key. If the key is not pressed for one second, or a different key is pressed, the cursor will move to the next position.

overwriting an existing ﬁle. The LED under the DATA OUT

. Press this key to start or stop a data log. If data is being

AR / MNO. The function of this key depends on the conﬁguration

Number and formula keys

The main purpose of the numeric section of the keypad is for numeric and formula entry. The keys are as follows:

7 / x. Number seven or, with SHIFT, multiply

8 / -. Number eight or, with SHIFT, subtract

9 / +. Number nine or, with SHIFT, add

4 / /. Number four or, with SHIFT, divide

5/(. Numberﬁve or, with SHIFT, left parentheses

6 / ). Number six or, with SHIFT, right parentheses

1 / SIN. Number one or, with SHIFT, sine function

2 / COS. Number two or, with SHIFT, cosine function

3 / TAN. Number three or, with SHIFT, tangent function

0 / :. Number zero or, with SHIFT, a colon)

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 25

Front panel

. / SPACE. Decim

=/xy. Equals or, with SHIFT, X to the power Y

+/– / x2. positive or negative or, with SHIFT, X squared

SHIFT. Press this key to enter alternate functions on the keypad.

ENTER / √. Enter or, with SHIFT, square root.

Logging data to a storage device

The PA3000 can log data to a USB ﬂash drive. The unit will log all selected measurements into a comma separated value (.csv) formatted ﬁle that is stored on the connected USB ﬂash drive. Results will be logged a t the rate speciﬁed in the USB Host Data Out menu (the default rate is every 0.5 seconds).

Prior to enabling data logging, insert a USB ﬂash drive into the USB host port on the front of the PA3000. The rear port cannot be used for USB ﬂash drives.

Loggin

gdata

To start data logging press the DATA OUT key. The LED under the key ﬂashes indicating the data is logging. To stop data logging, press the DATA OUT key. When the LED stops ﬂashing, the USB ﬂash drive is safe to remove.

al point or, with SHIFT, space

torage and format

Data s

The data will be logged in a directory created by the PA3000 on the USB ﬂash drive. The directory structure created will contain the last ﬁve digits of the serial number o f the PA3000 used and the date at the start of data logging. The ﬁle name

lreﬂect the time at the start of data logging in 24-hour clock format and will

wil have a .csv extension.

r example, if a PA3000 with serial number 100010210134 begins data logging

Fo on 31 March 2016 at 2:18:56 PM, the directory tree will be as shown below.

A3000\10134\16-03-31\14-18-56.csv

The ﬁrst portion of the ﬁle will contain a header identifying the instrument used

y serial number and the time data logging began.

The second portion will contain information on the group conﬁguration of the PA3000. It will contain the group index, the name of the group, the number of channels in the group, and the number of results returned for the group.

The third portion of the ﬁle will contain column headers for every measurement currently selected. Subsequent columns will contain an indexed set of the measurements currently selected, in the order displayed on the PA3000 screen. An example of the data returned is shown in the following ﬁgure.

26 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Front panel

Figure 16: Example data ﬁle

Math results are also returned when data logging. These will be after the channel results. Only enabled math results will be returned. The column name will consist of the function name and the units speciﬁed by the user.

Additional information on the front panel USB port and the USB ﬂash drive requirements is available later in this document. (See page 146, Front panel USB host port.)

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 27

Connecting signals

Connecting si

Input overview

gnals

WARNING. To avoid possible electric shock or personal injury:

Do not touch connections, internal circuits, or measuring devices that are not connected to earth ground.

Always adhere to the instructions regarding the sequence of connections. (See page 2, Connection sequence.)

Signals are connected to the instrument on the rear of the power analzyer. There are multiple inputs for each analog card as shown below.

Figure 17: Signal inputs on rear panel (Channel 1 shown)

Table 2: Signal inputs on rear panel

Item Description

28 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Voltage high connection (VHI)

Voltage low connection (VLO)

T1AH, 250 V fuse to protect the 1 A shunt

Table 2: Signal inputs on rear panel (cont.)

Item Description

1 A current high connection (A1A)

Current low connection (ALO, common to both the 30 A and 1 A shunt)

30 A current high connection (AHI)

±15 V supply for powering external transducers

External shunt current input low (EXT ALO)

External shunt current input high (EXT AHI)

Connecting signals

Voltage

Current

External current inputs

Voltagesofupto600V

can be connected directly to the red and black 4 mm VHI

rms

and VLO safety sockets at the rear of each measurement channel of the PA3000.

The PA3000 has two built-in current shunts. The ﬁrst shunt allows currents of up to 30 A

,200Apkto be connected directly to the blue and gray 4 mm AHI and

rms

ALO safety sockets at the rear of each measurement channel of the PA3000. The second shunt allows up to 1 A

y 4 mm A1A and ALO safety sockets also on the rear of each measurement

gra

,5Apkto be connected directly to the yellow and

rms

channel.

The external current inputs accept a voltage of up to ±20 Vpkthat is proportional

the current being measured. This input allows a wide range of external current

to transducers to be connected, from low milliamp current shunts to high amplitude transducers. For e ach type of transducer, the PA3000 can be scaled to read the correct current. (See page 47, Inputs.)

The choice of current transducer will depend on:

The current being measured, including peaks and transients.

The accuracy required.

The bandwidth required: Unless the waveforms are purely sinusoidal, a bandwidth in excess of the fundamental frequency will be required.

Whether there is DC current present.

Convenience of connection – that is, using a clamp-on current transformer, with jaws that open, for quick connection in a ﬁxed wiring harness.

The effect of the transducer on the circuit.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 29

Connecting signals

To connect a si

mple current transformer

To use a conventional current transformer (CT) like the Tektronix CL series (or any other transducer with a current output), connect the normal AHI and ALO inputs of the PA3000 instructions for the safe use and installation of the transducer. Depending on the output level of the current transformer, you will need to choose between the 30 A AHI input and the 1 A AHI input. The choice will be dependent on the dynamic range of the output of the current transformer that you are expecting.

Normally the positive or HI output of the transducer will be marked with the point of an arrow or a + symbol. Connect this terminal to the appropriate AHI input of the PA3000.

to the outputs of the current transformer. Follow the manufacturer’s

Current scaling

Figure 18: Current transformer connections

A current transformer p roduces an output current that is proportional to the load current being measured. For example, the Tektronix CL200 produces an output current that is 1/100 of the current being measured.

To measure the correct current on the PA3000, use the scaling function of the analyzer to scale, or multiply, the CT output current.

For example, the CL200 is a 100:1 CT. When measuring 100 A, its output is 1 A. To scale this on the PA3000, a scale factor of 100 must be entered:

Press

Select

Use

Enter the new scale factor (100).

Inputs and press .

Scaling and press .

Amps and press .

to clear the entry.

30 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Press

Press to return to the measurement display.

The PA3000 is now ready to make measurements using a CT.

To connect an external resistive shunt

Using a resistive shunt is a straightforward method of extending the current measuring range of the PA3000. The shunt resistor is connected in series with the load and the voltage across the shunt is directly proportional to current.

That voltage can be connected directly to the External Current Inputs of the PA3000.

Connecting signals

For example, a 1 mΩ shunt is used to measure 200 A

rms

1. Check that the voltage that will be generated is suitable for the PA3000

V=IxR(Ohm’slaw)

Vshunt

=IxRshunt

Vshunt = 200 A x 0.001 Ω

Vshunt = 0.2 V

This is well within the 20 V

rating of the PA3000’s External Current Inputs

2. Connect the shunt in series with the load and to the EXT AHI and EXT ALO inputs as shown.

Figure 19: External resistive shunt connections

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 31

Connecting signals

Remove any conn

WARNING. Connections to the normal AMPS terminals can have high voltage.

To avoid erro EXT ALO and ALO are connected inside the PA3000 and so connections to AHI, ALO, and A1A can have the same potential as EXT ALO.

3. Set up the P terminals.

Press

Select

Select Shunt and press .

Select

Press

4. Scale the measurement on the display.

rs and a risk of electric shock, remove all connections to ALO.

ections to the normal ALO terminal!

A3000 to measure current from the EXT AHI and EXT ALO

Inputs and press .

External and press .

to return to the measurement display.

The default scale is 1 V = 1 A.

sexamplewhereR=0.001Ω. The scaling factor is speciﬁed in

In thi amps-per-volt, so in this case, the scaling factor is 1000.

ter a scale fac tor for current:

To en

Press

ect

Sel

Select Scaling and press .

Select

Enter the new scale factor (100).

Press

Press to return to the measurement display.

The PA3000 is now ready to make measurements using an external shunt.

Inputs and press .

External Shunt and press .

to clear the entry.

32 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

To connect a transducer with a voltage output

These transducers contain active circuits that help to improve performance at high bandwidth. They can be of the Hall effect or Rogowski coil type.

The procedure is similar to that of installing an external shunt as described above.

1. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the safe use and installation of the transducer.

2. Connect the voltage output to the EXT AHI and EXT ALO terminals o f the PA3000 channel as above.

3. Set up the PA3000:

Press

Select Inputs and press

Select Shunt and press

Connecting signals

Select External and press .

Press

4. Select and input a scale factor. These types of transducers are often rated in terms of mV / A. For example a transducer with an output of 100 mV / A

e equivalent of a 100 mΩ external shunt resistor. To convert the r ated

is th scaling from volts-per-amp to the desired amps-per-volt, invert the value. Using the above example, 100 mV / A is equivalent to 10 A / V.

Press

Select

Use

Enter the new scale factor (such as 0.1)

Press

to return to the measurement display.

Inputs and press .

Scaling and press .

External Shunt and press .

to clear the entry.

5. Press

The PA3000 is now ready to make measurements using a current transducer with a voltage output.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 33

to return to the measurement display.

Connecting signals

Figure 20: Current transformer connections

To connect a voltage transform er / transducer

The PA3000 can be used with a voltage transformer (VT) or other transducer to extend its measuring range. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the safe use and installation of the transducer.

Voltage scaling

The output of the transducer is connected to the normal VHI and VLO terminals. Normally the positive or HI output of the transducer will be marked with the point of an arrow or a + symbol. Connect this terminal to the VHI input of the PA3000.

A voltage transformer (VT) produces a voltage output, which is proportional to the voltage being measured.

To measure the correct voltage on the PA3000, use the scale function of the power analyzer to scale, or multiply, the VT output current.

For example, when measuring with a 1000:1 VT a s cale factor of 1000 must be used.

Press

Select

Use

Enter the new scale factor (1000).

Inputs and press .

Scaling and press .

Volts and press .

to clear the entry.

Press

34 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

to return to the measurement display.

Connecting signals

The PA3000 is no

Figure 21:

Power for external transducers

The PA3000 has a ±15 V power supply for the purpose of providing power to external transducers. The supply is capable of supplying 250 mA per rail on each analog card (250 mA on +15 V and 250 mA on -15 V). The connector is conveniently placed next to the inputs on each analog card. Four mating connectors (Tektronix part number 56-598) are provided to aid in making a connec

tion. These connectors are Wago 231-303/026-000.

w ready to make measurements using a VT.

External resistive shunt connections

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 35

The menu system

This section describes some of the key menus of the PA3000.

Measurement

Use the Measurements menu to set the order in which the measurements appear on the screen; default measurements are: V is on a per-g displayed in any order, including harmonics. However, harmonic results will always be displayed as a block (all the voltage harmonics will be displayed as a continuous block based on the parameters set).

The following ﬁgure shows a normal Measurements screen.

roup basis. The measurements, on a group-by-group basis, can be

rms,Arms

, Watt, VA, PF, and Freq. This

Figure 22: Measurements screen

On the measurements screen you can select a measurement to display as a result and change the order of the displayed results. The following soft keys available with the Measurements screen:

Go to previous menu

Selection Up or top of list

Move Measurement

36 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

The menu system

Selection down or bottom of list

Select measurement to be a result on the screen or de-select measurement

To navigate to a desired result, use the up and down arrow soft keys. The current selection will be highlighted in blue.

If a result is selected, it has a green check mark at the right edge of the list.

The results screen shows all the selected results, in the order in which they appear in the measurement list; the list only applies to the selected group.

NOTE. Unless the group is in Integrator mode, integration measurements cannot

be selected. These measurements are:

Hours Watt-Hours VA-Hours VAr-Ho

urs Amp-Hours Average Watts Average PF Correction VAr Fundamental VA-Hours (VAHf)

amental VAr-Hours (VArHf)

Fund

To change the order of the results, navigate to the desired result and then press

. When the key is pressed, the highlight bar changes from blue to red.

e soft keys will then change as shown below:

back to the previous menu

Move selected measurement up (gray if at the top of the list already).

Cancel the move, and put the measurement back where it was before the move was started.

Move selected measurement down (gray if at the bottom of the list already).

Place the measurement in the selected position. The soft keys will change back to the standard measurement screen keys.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 37

The menu system

The following ﬁ

Figure 23: Example of a moved measurement

gure shows an example of a measurement being moved.

Measurement Conﬁguration menu

Use the Measurement Conﬁguration menu to change the way some results are computed and displayed.

Figure 24: Measurement Conﬁguration menu

38 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

The menu system

Harmonics Setup

The top-level m

Harmonics Setup. Use these menus to conﬁgure V, A, and W harmonics.

Distortion Setup

Minimum Hold Column

Maximum Hold Column

Sum Results Column

Sum Voltage Formulas

Sum Current Formulas

Use the Harmonics Setup to conﬁgure how quantities of harmonics are setup and viewed as measurement results. Individual voltage, current, and watts setups provide conﬁgurable options dependent on the application and how to view the results. There are separate voltage, current and watts menus that allow you to set the following items:

Sequence. Odd and even or odd harmonic only (default Odd and even)

Range. 1 to 100 (default 7)

Format. Absolute or Percentage of the fundamental (default Absolute)

enu consists of the following submenus:

Distortion setup

Display Phase Angle. On or Off (default On) (volts and amps only)

Selecting the harmonics results to display has no impact on the harmonic data used in distortion calculations.

Please see the User Conﬁguration section of this manual about update speed. (See page 61, User Conﬁguration.) The instrument is not able to calculate and display 100 harmonics on V, A, and Watts every 100 ms.

The Distortion Setup menu provides access to the voltage and current distortion factor (df), total harmonic distortion (THD), and telephone inﬂuence factor conﬁgurations.

Distortion factor. The distortion factor formula includes the effects of high frequency and noise. This equation only produces a valid number if the RMS is not less than the fundamental. If the fundamental is larger than the RMS the display shows -----.

The equations are:

and

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 39

The menu system

The reference v The default reference is the fundamental value.

Total Harmonic Distortion. THD is a measure of the distortion of a waveform.

Under the V and A measurement menus is the ability to set the following parameters:

Harmonic Reference. Fundamental or RMS (default Fundamental).

Harmonic Sequence. Odd and Even or Odd Only (default is Odd and Even).

Harmonic R

calculation. If Odd Only harmonics are speciﬁed and the Range is set to an even number, the preceding harmonic will be the last one used.

Harmonic Zero. Exclude or Include (default Exclude)

For the d whether the actual displayed reading is turned on or off. For example, if the number o f harmonics to be displayed is changed from 7 to 13, turning off and then on again the display of voltage harmonics will not affect this setting.

The formula for voltage and current THD are:

alue can be either the fundamental reading or the RMS reading.

ange. 2 to 100 (default 7). This is the last harmonic used in the

istortion settings and harmonics setting, the values will be remembered

and

The Total Harmonic Distortion formula (previously called the series formula) will produce more accurate results for harmonic noise when the THD is less than 5%. When selecting the THD formula, it is important to set the maximum harmonics setting to an appropriately large number to get valid results. The higher the harmonic count the more accurate the calculation.

Telephone inﬂuence factor. The telephone inﬂuencefactor(TIF)isaTHD measurement weighted at frequencies within the bandwidth of a normal telephone circuit. It is a measure of how the voltage or current distortion in electrical power circuits might interfere with adjacent telephone circuits. TIF measurements are a requirement of standards such as ANSI C50.13 "Rotating Electrical Machinery Cylindrical-R power generators and UPS. The harmonics included in a TIF measurement are from1to73oddandeven.

The formula for voltage and current TIF are:

Default refe

otor Synchronous Generators" and are most often used on standby

rence = Fundamental

40 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

and

The weighting factors (kn)are:

Table 3: Weighing factors for TIF

The menu system

Minimum and Maximum

Hold Columns

Harm k

1 0.5 21 6050 41 10340

3 30 23 6370 43 10600

6 400 25 6680 49 9820

9 1320 29 7320 53 8740

11 2260 30 7570

12 2760 31 7820 59 6730

13 3360 33 8830 61 6130

15 4350 35 8830 65 4400

17 5100 36 9080 67 3700

18 5400 37 9330 71 2750

19 5630 39 9840 73 2190

225 24 6650 47 10210

650 27 6970 50 9670

The Minimum and Maxim

Harm k

8090

um Hold Columns provide a means for adding a new column along side the current selected results to display either the minimum or maximum values of the selected measurements. The columns can independently be enabled or disabled. To reset the values shown in the columns, press the RESET/CLEAR key. Each time either the minimum or maximum hold column is enabled, the values for both columns are reset.

Sum Results Column

The Sum Results Column provides a means to add a sum column along side the current group of measurements. The results are displayed for multi-channel groups. The column will appear after the last channel in the group. The maximum column will appe

ar to the right of the sum results; the minimum column will

appear to the left of the sum results as appropriate.

Sum results are

available in all wiring conﬁgurations except 1 phase, 2 wire

(1P2W). (See page 47, Wiring.)

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 41

The menu system

Sum Voltage and Sum

Current Formulas

Modes

The PA3000 prov and current values. The voltage methods are unrelated to the current methods. For a list of the sum voltage and current formulas, refer to sum equations later in this document. (See page 142, Sum equations.)

Modes are used to set up the instrument in speciﬁc way to allow certain types of measurements. These modes provide necessary ﬁltering and unique conﬁguration parameters to measure speciﬁc signals found in certain applications.

Modes are applied on a group basis. For example, in light ballast applications, group A could be in normal mode measuring the input power and group B could be in ball

The following modes are available:

ast mode measuring the output power.

Normal

Ballast

Standby Power

Integrator

ide a choice between two methods of summing voltage values

Normal mode

allast mode

PWM Mo

It is often necessary to force the instrument in to a certain way of operating when

ticular mode is selected. An example is forcing high bandwidth when Ballast

apar mode is selected. In these cases two things will happen:

Rev

When a setting is forced, it cannot be changed by the operator while the power

alyzer is in the non-normal mode

Normal mode is used for most power measurements where signals are uniform and no special measurement methods are required. Normal mode is the default mode.

Ballast mode is designed to conﬁgure the group to make measurements on the complex ballast output modulated waveforms. In modern electronic lighting ballasts, it is often difﬁcult to take accurate measurements because the output signals are high frequency waveforms that are heavily modulated by the power frequency. Ballast mode provides a way of locking the measurement period to the power frequency.

tor

erting back to Normal mode restores any changed settings.

42 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

The menu system

Standby P

ower mode

After selectin which power will be transmitted. This is typically 50, 60, or 400 Hz. The setup screen can be found under the Modes → Setup Modes → Ballast Setup.The power analyzer uses this to adjust the measurement window to ﬁt the speciﬁed frequency.

The returned frequency is not the fundamental power frequency; but the ballast switching frequency. This is also the frequency used for harmonic analysis.

When Ballast mode is selected, the frequency range is set to “>10 Hz” and the bandwidth is set to “High” for the group. These setting are locked out in Ballast mode and, upon the return to normal mode, the settings are restored.

Standby Power mode integrates the watts, amps, VA and PF readings over a user-speciﬁed measurement period. This is a requirement of many standby power standards.

Driven by consumer demand and energy efﬁciency legislation, there is an ever-increasing need to measure power consumption of products while they are in stan

One of the most widely used standards for measurement is IEC 62301. Part of

tandard requires the measurement of power over a prolonged period of time

this s without missing any short duration power events. The Standby Power mode provides continuous sampling of voltage and current to produce an accurate watts measurement over the user speciﬁed period.

g Ballast mode you need to set up the fundamental frequency at

dby mode.

Integrator mode

In Standby Power mode, you must specify the integration window in seconds. Watts, amps, PF, and VA will then be integrated over the speciﬁed period. All other results will be updated at the normal user speciﬁed update rate.

The integration period depends on the combination of the speciﬁed window and theupdaterateoftheinstrument. (Seepage60,Update rate.) This is because the results will be integrated over an exact multiple of the update rate. For example, if

he update rate is 0.5 seconds (default), then the integration period will always be

t exactly as speciﬁed. However, if an update rate of 0.4 seconds is requested, then integration period will switch between 1.2 seconds and 0.8 seconds.

For the most accurate measurements it is recommended that the ranges are ﬁxed during the measurement period. (See page 50, Fixed/Auto ranging.)

Integrator mode provides measurements for determining energy consumption by integrating measurements over a speciﬁed period or by running continuously. Integration can be started manually, by a threshold trigger, or at a speciﬁcvalue. In addition, for certain parameters, average values are also available.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 43

The menu system

The required me Measurements.) The integrator measurements are:

Hours

Watt-Hours

VA-Hours

VA r - H o u r s

Amp-Hours

Average Watts

Average P

Correction VAr

Fundamental VA-Hours (VAHf)

Fundamental VAr-Hours (VArHf)

These measurements are on a per-group basis. The measurements can only be selected and displayed when the group is in integrator mode. If an integrator measurement is selected and the mode is changed to a non-integrator mode, then the measurements will show as not being selected. Changing the group mode back

egrator mode restores the selection previously used.

to int

asurements are selected in the Measurements menu. (See page 36,

Conﬁguring Integrator

mode

After selecting integrator mode, and the measurements to display, there are a number of options provided for starting and stopping the integrator under Modes

tup Mode → Integrator Setup. The following options are available:

→ Se

Start Method. Select from Manual, Clock, or Level.

Conﬁgure Clock Start. Specify a Start Time and Start Date.

Duration. Specify the integrator run duration, measured in minutes. A

duration of 0.0 will run indeﬁnitely.

Conﬁgure Level. Select a channel, signal, threshold, or direction.

CVArs Power Factor. Specify the desired power factor to be used for the

correction VArs in the range of ±1.0 V.

44 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

The menu system

Start method. T

Manual start. This is the default method. Manual starting of integration is triggered wit the integrator running on all groups conﬁgured as integrator mode with a manual start and are currently not running. The LED under the key turns on.

Clock start. Use this mode to set the time and date of when you want the integration to start for the group. The time and date are entered in the speciﬁed format under the Clock menu under System Conﬁguration (See page 60.). Once the desired time has been reached, integration will start.

If you set a time / date combination before the current time and date, then integration will not start. Integration will only start after at le ast one screen update has occurred before the start time.

Level start. In this start method, you have the ability to start integrating when a certain parameter either goes above or below a user entered level. Once the condit

You can conﬁgure the following:

Select the channel, 1 through 4.

Select a signal parameter from that channel. This can be any parameter

with the exception of integrated values and harmonic values (including fundamentals).

he Start methods are described below.

h the INTEG RUN key on the front panel. Press this key to start

ions have been met, integration will start.

Select the threshold level to be monitored. This is the actual parameter

value in decimal. For example, for 80 mA enter 0.08; for 80 V enter 80.

Select whether the signal level should be greater than or equal to the level

or less than or equal to the level.

A trigger Channel 1-4 can be selected from any group and used as a

trigger for integration. The trigger measurement d oes not have to be in the

hannel or group that you are integrating.

Stopping integration. The integration of a group can be stopped manually or after a certain period of time. If the duration for the group is set to zero, then the integration will only stop if the INTEG RUN key is pressed. The duration is entered in minutes as a ﬂoating point number from 0.0 to 10,000.

When you press the INTEG RUN key to manually stop the integration, integration stops on all groups that are in integrator mode with the integrator running where the duration is set to zero. The LED under the key turns off if there is no more integration going on within any group.

Resetting integration values. The RESET/CLEAR key will reset the integration values to zero for all stopped groups. It has no effect on groups that are running integration.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 45

The menu system

PWM Motor mode

Correction VAr

(CVArs). This parameter displays the values of VArs required to

correct the average power factor to a target power factor. The target power factor is entered under the integrator setup screen under CVArs Power Factor.

The correction will calculate the necessary VArs to provide a phase shift to reach a target power factor. It does not compute the total VArs. If a poor power factor is completely due to distortion, no amount of phase lead or lag will improve it.

PWM Motor mode allows accurate measurements of PWM motors. It is designed to overcome the difﬁculties associated with making measurements on the complex waveforms found on the motor drive. High frequency sampling is combined with digital ﬁltering to reject the carrier frequency and extract the motor frequency while still using pre-ﬁltered data for power parameters.

After selecting PWM mode, select the frequency range of the motor frequency (not the carrier frequency) under the Inputs → Frequency Source → Frequency Range menu.

When in PWM mode, the maximum motor frequency is limited to 900 Hz, even if a higher frequency range is selected.

The selection of the frequency range will impact the rate at which results are returned. The update rate for all the channels is set in the System Conﬁguration menu. (See page 60, Update rate.) However, if the frequency range in PWM mode is set to either 1 – 100 Hz or 0.1 – 10 Hz, then the rate at which results are returned for t hat group is altered per the table below:

Table 4: Effects of frequency range settings i

Update rate (seconds)

0.2 0.4 2.4 20.2

0.3 0.3 2.4 20.4

0.4 0.4 2.4 20.4

0.5 0.5 2.5 20.5

0.6 0.6 2.4 20.4

0.7 0.7 2.1 20.3

0.8 0.8 2.4 20.8

0.9 0.9 2.7 20.7

1.0 1.0 3.0 21.0

1.1 1.1 2.2 20.9

1.2 1.2 2.4 20.4

1.3 1.3 2.6 20.8

1.4 1.4 2.8 21.0

1.5 1.5 3.0 21.0

1.6 1.6 3.2 20.8

>10 Hz <900 Hz 1 – 100 Hz 0.1 Hz – 10 Hz

nPWMmode

46 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Table 4: Effects of frequency range settings in PWM mode (cont.)

The menu system

Inputs

Wiring

Update rate (seconds)

1.7 1.7 3.4 20.4

1.8 1.8 3.6 21.6

1.9 1.9 3.8 20.9

2.0 2.0 4.0 22.0

>10 Hz <900 Hz 1 – 100 Hz 0.1 Hz – 10 Hz

Results from channels not in PWM Motor mode will be returned at the speciﬁed rate.

The Inputs menu provides conﬁguration options for all physical signal inputs of the pow

er analyzer. Use this menu and the submenus to conﬁgure all wiring and group settings. For normal operation, with the exception of the shunt selection, it is not necessary to change these settings from the default values.

For mu

ltiphase measurements, a number of channels can be assigned to a group allowing precise frequency and phase analysis of the multiphase signals. The frequency of the ﬁrst channel in the group is used as the fundamental frequency for all channels in the group, and all phase measurements are relative to the phase reference (voltage by default) of the ﬁrst channel in the group.

Below are ﬁgures showing how each channel would be connected for each different wiring mode.

Figure 25: Single-phase, two-wire and DC measurements. Select 1 phase, 2 wire mode

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 47

The menu system

Figure 26: Single-phase, three-wire. Select 1 phase, 3 wire

Figure 27: Three-phase, three-wire (2 Wattmeter method). Select 3 phase, 3 wire

Figure 28: Three phase, three wire (3 Wattmeter method). Select 3 phase, 3 wire

V3A).

48 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

The menu system

Figure 29: Three-phase, three-wire (3 Wattmeter method). Select 3 phase, 4 wire

Figure 30: Three-phase, four-wire (3 Wattmeter method). Select 3 phase, 4 wire

Depending on the wiring conﬁguration, not all groups will be available. For

le, if wiring is 1p2w for each channel, then the four channels will

examp correspond to the four groups. If the wiring is 1p3w for group A, then Channels 1 and 2 will be in-group A. This leaves Channels 2 and 3 for a maximum of groups B and C. Group D cannot exist in this condition.

Group A wiring takes priority, followed by groups B, C, and then D. For example, starting from a 1p2w conﬁguration for all groups, if group A is set to 1p3w, then group D cannot be set to anything and therefore group C will be 1p2w only. Group B will have the choice of 1p2w, 1p3w and 3p3w.

Line-to-Line measurements are only v alid when the signal frequency is less than 1 kHz. They are only v alid in the 1p3w, 3p3w, and 3p4w wiring conﬁgurations.

Line-to-neutral measurements are only valid in the 3p3w and the 3p3w (3V3A) wiring conﬁgurations. The neutral current (AN) values in the math formulas is the phase 3 line current when in the 3p3w wiring conﬁguration.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 49

The menu system

Ranging

Ranging sets th

e voltage or current range to a particular ﬁxed range or to allow ranging to automatically occur, depending on the application. For example, current inrush testing requires the current range to be ﬁxed; auto-ranging would not be fast enough to capture the highest current inrush. The list of available current ranges depends on the selected shunt.

The ranges are set on a group basis. The ranges will be as follows:

Table 5: Input ranges

Range # Volts 30 A shunt 1 A shunt Ext. shunt

Auto

4 5 V 0.5 A 0.0125 A 0.05 V

6 20 V 2 A 0.05 A 0.2 V

8 100 V 10 A 0.25 A 1 V

9 200 V 20 A 0.5 A 2 V

10 500 V 50 A 1.25 A 5 V

11 1000 V 100 A 2.5 A 10 V

12 2000 V 200 A 5 A 20 V

10 V 1 A 0.025 A 0.1 V

50 V 5 A 0.125 A 0.5 V

Fixed/Auto ranging. Auto ranging is the default selection; this is the best choice for most measurements. Choosing a ﬁxed range can be useful if the voltage or current is changing continuously or has large peaks that make the power analyzer spend excessive time changing ranges.

If you choose a ﬁxed range, or the peak of the input signal is larger than the range, then an over range condition will occur. This will be indicated on the screen by

l the results in the over ranged channel ﬂashing on and off. In addition, the

al “Vrms” and/or “Arms” will ﬂash to indicate whether the over-range is on either the voltage channel, the current channel, or both.

50 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

The menu system

Frequency Source

Shunts. The pow

er analyzer has three different current inputs, or shunts. They

are:

Internal 30 A. This is the default value and is used for normal current measurement up to 30 A

(200 Apk). This selection uses the blue AHI and

rms

the gray ALO 4 mm sockets on the rear panel.

Internal 1 A. This is used for small current measurements such as those found in standby power applications where current is less than 1 A. This selection uses the yellow A1A and the gray ALO 4 mm sockets on the rear panel.

External. This is used for the measurement of current where an external transducer is used and the transducer has a voltage output. The blue and black 2 mm sockets on each analog card are used for the external shunt inputs.

CAUTION. Passing an rms current of greater than 15 A when the instrument

power is off can damage the instrument. To avoid damaging the instrument, do not apply rms currents of greater than 15 A when the instrument is off.

The Frequency Source menu provides the following selections:

Source

Phase Reference

Frequency Range

Source. Many measurements (including rms volts, amps and watts) are based on calculations are dependent on the correct fundamental frequency being determined by the power analyzer. The PA3000 uses proprietary techniques to determine frequencies that eliminate problems created by noise when simple zero-crossing techniques are used. It is therefore not normally necessary to adjust the settings from the default of voltage.

The following source selections are available:

Volts. This is the default frequency source and is suitable for most applications.

Amps. Amps can be selected if the voltage waveform is heavily distorted, but the current is not. The waveforms at the output of a PWM motor drive are an example of this.

External Frequency 1 / 2. On the rear of the power analyzer there are two counter inputs on the Auxiliary Inputs / Outputs connector. Either of these can be used as an external fr equency source for signals where there is too much noise on the voltage and current waveforms. Apply a TTL compatible square wave to the external input at the required frequency.

Phase Reference. The Phase Reference is used for harmonic analysis to create a zero-degree reference point.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 51

The menu system

The following s

Volts. This is the default selection; the phase is calculated with respect to the voltage signa

Amps. Phase is calculated with respect to the current signal on the ﬁrst channel in t

External Frequency 1 / 2. Phase is calculated with respect to the external input signa

Frequency Range.

There are

>10 Hz. This is the default selection.

1 – 100 Hz

0.1 – 10 Hz

If the fundamental frequency is greater than 50 kHz, then the range should be set to >10 Hz. For measurements where the fundamental is below 50 kHz, the range of >10 Hz is recommended, especially at low signal levels. The 1 – 100 Hz and

0.01 – 10 Hz ranges should only be used with slow signals; u sing these ranges

the update rates.

slows

elections are available:

lontheﬁrst channel in the group.

he group.

three frequency ranges:

Bandwidth

Scaling

The bandwidth is set on a per-group basis. Setting the bandwidth to low applies a 10 kHz, two-pole ﬁlter to the voltage and current channel inputs. High is the

ault selection.

def

Scaling adjusts the scaled output of transducers, such as current transformers, so

at the true measured current is displayed o n the power analyzer. The scaling

th factor affects every measured value related to the input to which it is applied. The maximum scale factor is 100000; the minimum is 0.00001. The default selection is 1.0000 for all scale factors.

Volts scaling. Enter the scale factor of the transducer. For example, a 100:1 voltage transformer is used to measure 15 kV. The output of the transformer is 15000 / 100 = 150 V. Enter the scale factor 100, and the power analyzer will display 15,000 V.

Amps scaling. Enter the scale factor of the transducer being used. For example, the Tektronix CL1200 produces 1 A for every 1000 A ﬂowing in the opening of the CL. It is a 1000:1 current transformer. Enter the scale factor 1000 and the power analyzer will display the correct current.

Scale factor = Transducer Input Current ÷ Transducer Output Current.

52 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

The menu system

Analog inputs

Graphs and waveforms

External shunt

scaling. This scaling is applied to the current measurement

channel voltage inputs. This is used for current transducers that have a voltage output. These include Hall effect transducers as well as simple resistive shunts.

The scaling factor is expressed in Amps (read) per Volt (applied). The default value is 1. This means that with 1 V

applied, the current channel will read 1 A

rms

An example would be a clamp-on Hall effect current transducer measures up to 100 A. It has a voltage output of 10 mV per Amp, which is equivalent to 100 A / V. Enter “100.00” and the power analyzer will display the correct system current.

The power analyzer has four analog inputs on the rear of the instrument. Each of the four inputs can be used to measure signals from a device such as a torque or speed sensor. Each of the four inputs has two different ranges. The ranges are ±10 V (default range) and ±1 V. Each input is sampled every millisecond and the reported measurement is the average o f the samples over the time period controlled by the update rate.

Analog inputs are made available to the MATH setup. They can be incorporated into the MATH formula and displayed on the MATH screen. (See page 56, Math results.)

Waveforms

Integrator parameters

The PA3000 provides different ways to display data:

Waveforms

Harmonic bar charts

Vect or d i a g r a m s

Integrator graphs

There are menu options for wavefor

ms and integrator graphing, bar charts, and

vector diagrams. (See page 12, Quick view keys.)

Use the waveform menu to select waveforms to display. For each group, you can select any voltage, current, or watts waveform for each channel in the group to display on the waveform graph. (See page 12, Quick view keys.)

To change groups use the left and right arrow keys at the bottom left of the display.

Use the Integrator Graph m enu to select one parameter to display on the integrator graphing screen. The following integrator parameters are available:

Watt Hours

VA H o u r s

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 53

The menu system

VA r H o u r s

Amp Hours

Watts Average

PF Average

Volts

Amps

Watts

Fundamental VA-Hours (VAHf)

Fundamental VAr-Hours (VArHf)

Correction VArs

For each waveform selected, there is a choice on the graph menu to turn on or off the selected parameter for each channel in the group.

Integrator graphing parameters are set on a per-group basis. To change groups use the left and right arrow keys at the bottom left of the display.

Interfaces

RS-232 baud rate

GPIB address

Ethernet

Additional information is available for setting up the integrator. (See page 43, Integrator mode.) Additional information is available for displaying the integrator waveforms. (See page 17, Integrator screen.)

This menu can be used to set up the remote control interfaces of the PA3000.

9600, 19200, and 38400 (default) are available.

The PA3000 uses hardware handshaking (RT bits and one stop bit (N,8,1).

The RS-232 baud rate is unchanged a fter a “*RST” or “:DVC” command.

Enter the GPIB address.

Default address is 6. The address is unchanged after a “*RST” or “:DVC” command.

The PA3000 offers Ethernet communications TCP/IP.

S / CTS) with no parity, eight data

through an Ethernet port using

The Ethernet port will make a TCP/IP connection on port 5025. Port 5025 is designated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to be a SCPI port.

54 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

The menu system

Use the IP Selec by selecting Set IP using DHCP,oraﬁxed/static IP address by selecting Fix IP

Address. To view the current IP settings, press of the menu.

To con ﬁgure the static IP address, choose Static IP Settings in the Ethernet Setup menu.

gateway. After entering the relevant data press

For basic communication needs via TCP/IP, refer the information available from National Instruments at (https://www.ni.com/visa).

The Ethernet mode (Static/DHCP), IP address, default gateway and subnet mask are unchanged after a “*RST” or “:DVC” command.

Dead socket connection. Thedeadsockettermination(DST)port5030isusedto terminate an existing Ethernet connection. A dead socket is a socket that is held open by the instrument because it has not been properly closed. This most often happens when the host computer is turned off or restarted without ﬁrst closing the socket. This port cannot be used for command and control functions.

Use the dead socket termination port to manually disconnect a dead session on an open port. An existing Ethernet connection will be terminated and closed when

onnection to the dead socket termination port is made.

the c

tion Method menu, to opt for a dynamically assigned IP address,

andscrolltothebottom

This allows entry of the IP address, the subnet mask and the default

, in each menu, to apply.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 55

The menu system

Datalog

You can conﬁgure the USB data logging interval. To conﬁgure the data logging

Math results

interval, press

The math results are displayed on a different results screen from the other results. This improv can be displa yed on the math results screen. They just have to be speciﬁed in a formula. (See page 20, Math screen.)

You can set the values of up to 30 math functions, labelled FN1 through FN30. For each function you can specify the following:

Name. User-friendly name up to 10 characters. (Default is the same as the label, for example, FN1.) In the menus, the function label is always displayed alongside the user’s name for the function.

Units. User friendly units such as W for watts. (Default is blank). Scaling such as four characte rs.

Function. The actual math formula, up to 100 characters.

Example: W = 21.49, VA = 46.45

es the ability to view math results. Normal measurement parameters

u, m, k, M will be added to the unit as appropriate. Units are up to

, go to Interfaces and select USB Host D ata Out.

Name = “PF”

ts=“PF”

Uni

Function = “CH1:W / CH1:VA”

To select this function for viewing, go to the MATH menu list showing FN1 –

FN30 and press result value of the function; the math results display shows

mPF”

Example: CH1:W = 21.49, CH2:W = 53.79

Name = “EFFICIENCY”

Units=“%”

Function = “(CH1:W/CH2:W)*100”

To select this function for viewing, go to the MATH menu list showing FN1 –

FN30 and press result value of the function; the math results display shows

39.95 mW”

to select the function. Next press to display the

“PF 463.27

to select the function. Next press to display the

“EFFICIENCY

56 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

The menu system

You can specify

any channel or group parameter listed below in addition to the

voltage input on each of the four analog inputs.

Valid characters are A-Z,0-9,.,x,-,+,/,(,),:,space , and ^

No more than 100 characters can be used

The number format is [+/-]<decimal digits>[E[+/-]exponent]

When entering a formula you can use the left and right arrow keys to move the cursor. This allows for easy correction and changing of complex formulas.

Each math function can be either enabled or disabled. Only enabled available for display.

The valid channel parameters are CH<1 – 4> followed by ":" and then one of the following parameters:

Table 6: Valid channel parameters

VRMS – Volts RMS ACF – Amps Crest Factor

ARMS – Amps RMS

W – Watts VDF – Voltage Distortion Factor VF – Fundamental Volts

VA – Volt-Amps

VAR – Volt-Amps Reactive ATHD – Amps Total Harmonic Distortion WF – Fundamental Watts

FREQ – Frequency

PF – Power Factor

VPKP – Volts Peak (positive)

VPKN – Volts Peak (negative)

APKP – Amps Peak (positive)

APKN – Amps Peak (negative) TINT– Integration Time (Hours)

VDC – Volts DC

ADC – Amps DC

VRMN – Rectiﬁed Mean Volts

ARMN – Rectiﬁed Mean Amps

VCMN – Volts Corrected Rectiﬁed Mean

ACMN – Amps Corrected Rectiﬁed Mean

VCF – Volts Crest Factor CORRVARS – Correction VArs

VTHD – Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion VARHF – Fundamental VAR Hours

VTIF – Voltage Telephone Inﬂuence Factor

ADF – Amps Distortion Factor VAF – Fundamental Apparent Power

ATIF – Amps Telephone Inﬂuence Factor

Z – Impedance PFF – Fundamental Power Factor

R – Resistance

X – Reactance

WHR – Watt Hours VLN – Line-to-Neutral Voltage

VAHR – VA Hours VHA<1–99> – Voltage Harmonic Angle

VARH VHM<1-99> – Voltage Harmonic

AHR – Amp Hours

WAV – Average Watts

PFAV – PF Average WHM<1-99> – Watts Harmonic

VAHF – Fundamental VA Hours

AF – Fundamental Amps

VARF – Fundamental Volt-Amps Reactive

VRNG – Voltage Range

ARNG – Amps Range

VLL – Line-to-Line Voltage

(1-99)

Magnitude (1-99)

AHA<1-99> – Current Harmonic Angle (1-99)

AHM<1-99> – Current Harmonic Magnitude (1-99)

Magnitude (1-99)

results are

The valid group parameters are G RP<A-D>: followed by one of the following parameters:

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 57

The menu system

Table 7: Valid g

roup parameters

Neutral current (or phase 3 current for 3p3w)

The valid group sum parameters are GRP<A-D> followed by ":SUM:" and then one of the following parameters:

Table 8: Valid group sum parameters

VRMS Volts RMS ARMS Amps RMS

W Watts VA Volt-Amps

VAR Volt-Amps Reactive PF Power Factor

AHR Ampere Hours WHR Watt Hours

VAHR VA Hours VARH VAr Hours

WAV Watts Average PFAV PF average

TINT Integration Time

WF Fundamental Watts VF Fundamental Volts

AF Fundamental Amps VARF Fundamental

PFF Fundamental

Power Factor

CORRVARS Correction VArs

Volt-Amps Reactive

llow parameters are used to return the values from the analog and counter

The fo inputs:

Table 9: Parameters for returning values from the analog and counter inputs

ANA1 Analog Input 1 ANA2 Analog Input 2

ANA3 Anal

COUNT1 Counter 1 frequency COUNT2 Counter 2 frequency

og Input 3

ANA4 Anal

og Input 4

In addition, a function can refer to another function by using “FNx” where x is the function number. Functions will be calculated in the order of 1 through 30, so this will have to be factored in when writing functions.

Operators available from the front panel keypad are:

+-x/()

. Shown as ^2 and will square the preceding number

. Shown as ^ and will take the preceding number to the power of the

following number

√. Shown as SQRT() and will take the square root of the number between the brackets

58 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

The menu system

Operators that

SIN(), COS(), TAN(). These operators take an angle in degrees which is between the br

ASIN(), ACOS(). These operators take a number between -1 and 1 which is between the

ATAN(). Thisoperatortakesanumberthatisbetweenthebracketsand returns an a

LN(), LOG(). This operator returns the logarithm of the number between the brackets.

Constants that can be typed:

PI. Where π≈3.14159

NOTE. When the shift key turns on, operators such as COS(), SIN(), and TAN()

will be and LOG() must be typed as individual letters when the shift key is turned on.

The fo an error message is displayed. If there are no errors the calculated value will be shown at the bottom of the screen.

entered as whole words. Operators such as A COS(), ASIN(), ATAN(), LN(),

rmula is checked for validity when OK is selected. If there is an error, then

can be typed:

ackets and return its sine, cosine or tangent.

brackets and return an angle in degrees.

ngle in degrees.

LN is log to the base e, LOG is log to the base 10.

System Conﬁguration

Blanking

Averaging

If the math result is invalid (for example, inﬁnity because of a divide by zero) the display will show four dashes.

Use Blanking to zero the results below a given value. The Blanking levels are set to 5% of the currently selected range.

When Blanking is enabled (default), all values below the threshold will show a zero value. Disable Blanking to measure small voltages or currents.

If blanking operate s on either voltage or current then all related measurements would be blanked including W, VA and PF.

An averaging depth of between 1 and 10 can be speciﬁed. The default value is 10. With the update rate set to 0.5 seconds, this corresponds to values being averaged over ﬁve seconds.

If the range is changed, the averaging is reset.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 59

The menu system

Update rate

Autozero

Clock

The update rate The values in the Update Rate menu list indicate the time interval (in seconds) between every update of the results. Restrictions are placed on the number and type of results permitted at faster update rates.

The range is 0.2 s to 2 s in 0.1 s increments, where 0.5 is the default value. With update rates below 0.5 seconds, the number of results that can be updated at that rate is limited.

Autozero is a method of automatically canceling any small parasitic signals, such as DC offsets, in the measurement. Three options are available:

On. (default) The instrument runs autozero every minute.

Off. When autozero is disabled the instrument uses the last autozero values.

Run Now.

selected ranges. This takes approximately 100 m s. The state of whether autozero is either enabled or disabled will not be changed, and there is no feedback to indicate it has run.

Use the following options to check o r set the internal clock:

determines how often new results are available in the instrument.

The instrument runs an immediate autozero on the currently

Power saving

Set Time. Enter the time using the format shown and press to conﬁrm.

Set Date. Enter the date using the format shown and press to con ﬁrm.

Time Format. Select 12 Hour or 24 Hour and press to conﬁrm.

eFormat. Select the required date format and press

Dat

The instrument has the ability to reduce its own power consumption by switching off the display.

In the Display menu you have the following options:

Always On. This is the default mode and the display will always be on.

Switch off after 10 minutes. The display turns off after 10 minutes if no key is pressed. Pressing any key turns the display on again.

Switch off in remote mode. If the instrument receives a command through any of the communication interfaces, the display turns off. Pressing any key turns the display on again, but the instrument will remain in the remote mode until the LOCAL key is pressed. PressingtheLOCALkeytoswitchthe display on will not return the instrument to local mode.

to conﬁrm.

60 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

The menu system

Analyzer Conﬁg

User Conﬁg

Load Defa

ult C onﬁguration

Load from USB

uration

The Analyzer C key. Selecting this menu displays the complete instrument setup. Use the up and down soft keys to scroll through the conﬁguration.

Pressing the right arrow key changes the conﬁgurationscreentodisplay information on the physical unit. This includes the serial number of the unit, the ﬁrmware version, and information on the main card and analog cards, including calibration date.

The User Conﬁguration menu provides the means for loading changing the current conﬁguration.

Choosing this option by pressing sets every menu option of the PA3000 to its factory default. The defaults are listed in previous sections of this chapter.

Load a c

onﬁguration from a ﬁle on an attached USB ﬂash drive.

onﬁguration menu has the same function as the

(SETUP)

Save to USB

Conﬁguration

Save the current conﬁgurationtoaﬁle on an attached USB ﬂash drive in the \PA3000 folder.

The ﬁle name is of the format C ONFIGXY.CFG, where XY is the ﬁrst available number in the sequence of 01 to 99. For example, if a ﬁle named CONFIG01.CFG

adyexistsontheﬂash drive, then the new conﬁguration will be named

alre CONFIG02.CFG.

Save or load preset user conﬁgurations using one of eight selectable internal

rage locations.

sto

For each user conﬁguration you can do the following:

Apply the saved conﬁguration.

Rename the conﬁguration. A name can have up to 16 characters.

Save a conﬁguration. This is the complete setting of the instrument at the time you choose this option.

NOTE. Loading a conﬁguration that has never been saved results in an error

message. The current conﬁguration of the unit will not be changed.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 61

Remote operation

Overview

Using the remote commands the instrument can be used to perform high speed, complex, or repetitive measurements. All PA3000 instrument communicate by RS-232, Eth

Interfacing with RS-232 systems

ernet, or USB as standard. Optionally, a GPIB port can be added.

The RS-232 the instrument and can be used for remote control of the PA3000. A modem cable should be used.

The RS-232 port uses 8 bits, no parity, one stop bit and hardware ﬂow control.

See Seri page 149, Serial port.)

See RS- baud rate.)

port is a standard PC type 9-way male D-type located on the rear of

al Port for a detailed pin description of the RS-232 connector. (See

232 Baud Rate for details on the interface menus. (See page 54, RS-232

Interfacing with USB systems

The PA3000 supports USB control using the Test and Measurement class.

ailed pin description of the port, along with speed and connection

Adet information is given in the Reference section of this d ocument. (See page 146, Communication ports.)

Interfacing with Ethernet systems

The PA3000 supports Ethernet control using a 10Base-T network.

See Ethernet Port for more information on the Ethernet connection. (See page 147, Ethernet port.)

See Ethernet Conﬁgure for information on how to set up the Ethernet addressing information. (See page 54, Ethernet.)

62 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Remote operation

Interfacing w

ith GPIB systems (optional)

Status reporting

Status byte

The PA3000 optionally supports control via a GPIB port. This option must be installed by an authorized Tektronix representative.

See IEEE 488/GPIB for a detailed pin description of the GPIB connector. (See page 148, IEEE 488 / GPIB (Optional).)

The PA3000 uses a similar status byte to IEEE 488.2. The PA3000 Status Byte Register non-zero state in the Standard Event Status Register (ESR) or the Display Data Status Register (DSR) respectively.

The ESR and DSR each have enable registers, ESE and DSE respectively, set by the user. These enable registe r s act as a mask to reﬂect chosen elements of the appropriate status registers to the Status Byte Register. Setting the appropriate bit of the enable register to 1 conﬁgures the bits to be summarized in the STB.

If a status byte is read, the DSR and ESR registers are cleared.

(STB) contains the ESB and DAS bits. These two bits indicate a

igure 31: Status byte

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 63

Remote operation

Status Byte Register (STB)

Display Data Status

Read by “*STB?”

Figure 32: Status byte register

Table 10: Status byte register bit deﬁnitions

Bit Name Description

ESB

DAS

Event status summary bit to show standard event status

Display status summary bit to show display data

Read by “:DSR?” or in summary by *STB? DAS bit. On power-up DSR is initialized to zero. When read using the “:DSR?” command the register bits are cleared.

Figure33: DisplayDataStatusRegister

Table11:Displaydatastatusregisterbitdeﬁnitions

Display Data Status Enable

Bit Name Description

1NDV

0DVL

OVV Set to indicate there is a voltage range overload

OVA Set to indicate there is a current range overload

Set to indicate that new data has become available since the last :DSR? command

Set to indicate the availability of data

Read by “:DSE?” and set by “:DSE <value>”.

Figure 34: Display Data Status Enable Register

Table12:Displaydatastatusenableregisterbitdeﬁnitions

Bit Name Description

1 NDV Enable NDV bit

0 DVL Enable DVL bit

OVV Enable OVV bit

OVA Enable OVA bit

64 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Remote operation

Standard Event Status

Enable Register (ESE)

Read by “*ESR?”

or in summary by the ESB bit in STB.

Figure 35: Standard Event Status Register

Table 13: St

Bit Name Descriptio

4EXE

Read by “

andard event status register bit deﬁnitions

CME Command err

Command ex

QYE Query err

or; command not recognized

ecution error

*ESE?” and set by “*ESE <value>”.

Figure 36: Standard Event Status Enable Register

14: Standard event status enable register bit deﬁnitions

Table

Bit Name Descr

4 EXE Enable EXE bit

CME Enabl

QYE Enable QYE bit

iption

eCMEbit

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 65

Remote operation

Command listi

The following conventions are used for command syntax:

Square brackets indicate optional parameters or keywords [ ].

Anglebracketsindicatevaluestobespeciﬁed < >.

Commands and responses are sent as ASCII strings terminated with a line feed. The PA3000 is not case sensitive and white space characters are ignored except where required between command and parameter.

Multiple commands cannot be sent in a single string where a semicolon (;) is used at the end of each command.

For all commands where a parameter is supplied, a space is required between the end of the command and the ﬁrst parameter. For example, work. However,

The list of commands is split into relevant sections. In general each section corresponds to a menu option from the Main Menu.

:SYST:CTYPE?1 causes a time out error.

:SYST:CTYPE? 1 will

66 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

IEEE 488.2 standard commands and status commands

Remote operation

*IDN?

*CLS

*ESE

Unit identity

Syntax

Returns

Description

*IDN?

Tektronix, PA3000, serial number, ﬁrmware version

The serial number is the serial number of the main chassis. The ﬁrmware version is the version of the ﬁrmware suite, which i ncludes all processors.

Clear event status

Syntax

Description This command clears all event registers and queues.

*CLS

Set standard event status enable register

Syntax

Default

Description

*ESE <flags>

Where ﬂag

This com are summarized by the ESB bit in the Status Byte. The Standared Event Status Enable Register uses the same bit deﬁnitions as the Standard Event S

s is the value for enable register as a decimal 0 – 255

mand sets the bits in the Standard Event Status Register that

tatus Register.

*ESE?

*ESR?

Read standard event status enable register

Syntax

Returns 0 – 255

Description

*ESE?

This command returns the value in the Standard Event Status Enable Register.

Read standard event status register

Syntax

Returns 0 – 255

cription

Des

*ESR?

This command returns the value in the Standard Event Status Register. The register is cleared once it has been read.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 67

Remote operation

*RST

*STB?

:DSE

Reset device

Syntax

Description

*RST

This command resets the unit conﬁguration to default values (performs the same action as Load Default Conﬁguration menu option on the front panel).

Allow at least three seconds after sending the *RST command before sending further commands to allow all defaults to be processed and set.

Read status byte

Syntax

Returns 0 – 255

Description This command returns the value in the status byte.

*STB?

SetDataStatusEnableRegister

Syntax

Default

Description

:DSE <flags>

Where ﬂags is the valu

255

This command sets t summarized by the DAS bit in the Status Byte.

e for enable register as a decimal 0 – 255

he bits in the Data Status Enable register that are

:DSE?

:DSR?

:DVC

Read Data Status Enable Register

DSE?

Syntax

Returns 0 – 255

Description

This command returns the value in the Data Status Enable register.

Read Data St atus Register

Syntax

Returns 0 – 255

Description

:DSR?

This command returns the value in the Data Status register. T he Data Status Register is cleared once it has been read.

Device clear

Syntax

Description

Allow at least three seconds after sending the *RST com

:DVC

This command has the same affect as (loading the default user conﬁguration).

*RST or :CFG:USER:LOAD 0

mand before sending

further commands to allow all defaults to be processed and set.

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Remote operation

Channel and gr

:INST:NSEL

:INST: NSEL?

oup commands

The following commands are used to select the active group or channel. They are similar in concept to pressing the left and right arrow keys to change the group or channel whil

Set active group

Syntax

Description

Read active group

Syntax

Returns <group number>

tion

Descrip

e displaying a menu screen.

:INST:NSEL <group number>

Where <group number> is an integer between 1 and 4, depending on the number of groups available in the power analyzer

This command sets the speciﬁed group as the active group for command and actions that might follow. Not affected by reset.

:INST:NSEL?

This command returns the number of the group selected (between 1 and 4 depending on wiring conﬁguration).

:INST:NSELC

:INST:NSELC?

Select active channel

Syntax

Description

:INST:NSELC <channel number>

Where <channel number> is an integer between 1 and 4, depending on the number of channels installed in the power analyzer. Not affected by reset.

This command sets the number of the channel selected (between 1 and 4) depending on number of channels installed in the power analyzer.

Return active channel

Syntax

Returns <channel number>

Description

:INST:NSELC?

This command returns the number of the channel selected (between 1 and

4) depending on number of channels installed.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 69

Remote operation

Unit informat

:CAL:DATE?

:SYST:CTYPE?

ion commands

The Unit Information commands are commands that are used to return information on the unit beyond the information returned by the *IDN? command.

Calibration date

Syntax

Returns

Description

Card type

Syntax

Returns Tektronix, <card type>, <serial number>, <hardware revision>

Description This command returns the card type, serial number and hardware revision

:CAL:DATE? <channel number>, <date type>

Where <chan

Appropria

This comma card. <date type> can be either 1 for date veriﬁed or 2 for date adjusted.

:SYST:CTYPE? <channel number>

Where <channel number> is 0 through 4

<card type> is either CPU for the main card, or ANALOG for a channel card. <serial number> is a 12 character string. <hardware revision> is up to four characters.

for the designated channel. Channel 0 is the main CP U card.

nel number> is 1 through 4 and <date type> is 1 through 2

te calibration date in the format dd-mm-yyyy

nd returns the calibration date from the designated analog

Measurement selection and reading commands

commands are related to selecting the required measurements and returning

These the results.

70 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Remote operation

:SEL

Select results

Syntax

:SEL:ALL :SEL:ALL:GRP<group> :SEL:CLR :SEL:CLR:GRP :SEL:<measurement>

Where <group> is a group number 1 through 4.

Where <measu VLT – Volts rms AMP – Amps rms WAT – Watts VAS – VA VAR – VAr FRQ – Frequ PWF – Power factor VPK+ – Volts peak (positive) VPK- – Volt APK+ – Amps peak (positive) APK- – Amps peak (negative) VDC – Volt ADC – Amps DC VRMN – Volts rectiﬁed mean ARMN – Amp ACMN – Amps corrected rectiﬁed mean VCMN – Volts corrected rectiﬁed mean VCF – Vol ACF – Amps crest factor VTHD – Volts Total Harmonic Distortion VDF – Vo VTIF – Volts Telephone Inﬂuence Factor ATHD – Amps Total Harmonic Distortion ADF – Am ATIF – Amps Telephone Inﬂuence Factor IMP – Impedance RES – R REA – Reactance HR – Integrator time WHR – W VAH – VA Hours VRH – VAr Hours AHR – WAV – Average Watts PFAV – Average Power Factor CVAR VAHF – Fundamental VA-hours VARHF – Fundamental VAr-hours VF – AF – Fundamental Amps rms WF – Fundamental Watts

<group>

rement> is:

ency

s peak (negative)

sDC

srectiﬁed mean

ts crest factor

lts Distortion Factor

ps Distortion Factor

esistance

att Hours

Amp Hours

– Correction VArs

Fundamental Volts rms

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 71

Remote operation

Select results (cont.)

VAF – Fundamental VA VARF – Fundamental VAr PFF – Fundamental Power Factor VRNG – Voltage range ARNG – Current range VLL – Line-to-line voltage VLN – Line-to-neutral voltage VHM – Volts harmonics AHM – Amps harmonics WHM – Watts harmonics

Description

These results are only available for displaying / returning when the group is in integrator mode.

:SEL determines which results are displayed on the screen, also the results returned by the :FRD? command. To see the currently selected command, use the :FRF? command. :SEL:ALL selects all results. Adding the secondary command of :GRP allow only those results within the speci ﬁed group to be selected. :SEL:CLR clears all the results selected for all groups. Adding the secondary command of :GRP allows only those results within the speciﬁed group to be cleared. To add results to a group the :INST:NSEL <group> command must be used ﬁrst. If it is not, then the last selected group will be affected (or group 1 if no group has previously been selected).

72 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Remote operation

:FRF?

Read selected r

Syntax

Description

Returns

esults

:FRF?

:FRF:GRP<group>?

:FRF:CH<channel>?

Where <group

Where <channel> is a channel number 1 through 4

:FRF? and :FRF:GRP? commands return a list of the displayed results. The actual result is not returned.

<group>, <number of measurements selected>, <number of results returned> measurements selected>, ...

<number of measurements selected> is the number of measurements selected u

<number of results returned> equals the number of rows on the display used. When harmonics are selected, the number of results returned will exceed th

<measurement 1>, <measurement 2>, ... are the names of the selected measurements. The returned data will be the same as the label on the results returned. Each returned value will be separated by a comma.

:FRF? will return the selections for all groups.

:FRF:CH This is useful for ease of measurements. The data returned for this command will be the same as “:FRF:GRP?”, except the channel number

so be included. For example:

will al

<group>, <channel>, <number of measurements selected>, <number of results returned>, <measurement 1>, <measurement 2>, ..., <group>, <chan

> is a group number 1 through 4

, <measurement 1>, <measurement 2>, ..., <group>, <number of

sing either the front panel or the SEL command.

e number of measurements selected.

display. For harmonics: “Vharm”, “Aharm”, and “Wharm” will be

<channel>? will return the list of results for a particular channel.

nel>, <number of measurements selected>, ...

:MOVE

Move results

Syntax

Description

:MOVE:<measurement> <new position>

Where <measurement> is the list of measurements deﬁned under the :SEL command. (See page 71, :SEL.) <new position> is the position in the list of results on the screen and is in the r ange 1 through 51.

The move command is used to change the order of results on both the screen in the returned results using :FRD?. :FRF? can be used to conﬁrm the order of results.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 73

Remote operation

:FRD?

Read foregroun

Syntax

Description

Returns

ddata

:FRD? :FRD:CH<ch>? :FRD:GRP<group>?

Where <ch> is a Where <group> is a group number 1 through 4

The commands returns results from the power analyzer. The results are returned in the order in which they are displayed on the screen. Each result is a ﬂ

The sequence is determined by order in which results are displayed on the front panel. The sequence can be conﬁgured either by changing the order using the f

Results w ill be returned column by column starting from the left of the display. This means that if the user has selected Sum results or Max and Min result

For :FRD: returned. The order will be <min>, <ch>, <max>.

For :FRD:GRP<group>?, if Min, Max, or Sum results are selected, these will be re <max>, ..., <sum min>, <sum>, <sum max>.

For :FRD?, each group will be returned starting with group A. The order

sults with the group will be the same as the :FRD:GRP <group>?

of the re command.

channel number 1 through 4

oating point number separated by a comma.

ront panel of the instrument, or by using the :MOVE command.

s to be displayed, then these results will also be returned.

CH<ch>?, if Min or M ax results are selected, these will be

turned. The order will be <min>, <ch>, <max>, <min>, <ch>,

Measur

:HMX:

ement conﬁguration commands

Measurement conﬁguration commands correspond to the Measurement Conﬁguration menu. (See page 38, Measurement Conﬁguration menu.)

VLT/AMP/WAT

Commands for conﬁguring the display of harmonics.

Harmonics conﬁguration

Syntax

Description

:HMX:VLT:SEQ <value>

:HMX:AMP:SEQ <value>

:HMX:WAT:SEQ <value>

Where <value> equals 0 for odd and even and 1 for odd only

If harmonics measurements are selected with the :SEL command (See page 71.), the power analyzer can display all harmonics, or just the odd number harmonics from the ﬁrst harmonic up to the number speciﬁed.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

74 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Harmonics conﬁguration (cont.)

Remote operation

Syntax

Descripti

Syntax

Description

:HMX:VLT:RN

:HMX:AMP:RNG <value>

:HMX:WAT:RNG <value>

Where <valu 1 to 100

If harmonics measurements are selected with the :SEL command (See page 71.), the power analyzer will display all the harmonics up to the number sp to only odd numbered harmonics using the harmonic sequence command.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select

:HMX:VLT:FOR <value>

:HMX:AMP:FOR <value>

:HMX:WAT:FOR <value>

Where <value> is 0 for absolute values or 1 for percentage values

If harmonics measurements are selected with the :SEL command (See page 71.), the power analyzer can display all harmonics (except the ﬁrst) as an absolute value or as a percentage of the fundamental (ﬁrst) harmonic.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

G <value>

e> is the maximum harmonic to be display in the range of

eciﬁed by <value>. The displayed harmonics can be restricted

the active group.

:VLT/AMP:DF

:HMX

Commands for setting up the distortion factor measurements.

Distortion factor setup

Syntax

Description

:HMX:VLT:DF:REF <value>

:HMX:AMP:DF:REF <value>

Where <value> is 0 for fundamental or 1 for rms

For distortion factor readings (also known as the difference formula), the reference on the denominator of the equation can be either the rms reading or the fundamental harmonic reading.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual 75

Remote operation

:HMX:VLT/AMP

:PHA

:HMX:VLT/AMP:THD

Display phase a

Syntax

Description

Syntax

Returns 0 or 1

ngle

:HMX:AMP:PHA <value>

:HMX:VLT:PHA <value>

Where <value> is 0 for on or 1 for off

This command turns the display of the voltage or current phase angle on or off (default On).

:HMX:AMP:PHA?

:HMX:VLT:PHA?

Commands for setting up the total harmonic distortion measurements.

Total har

Syntax

Description

Syntax

Descr

Syntax

Description

monic distortion setup

:HMX:VLT:THD:REF <value>

:HMX:AMP:THD:REF <value>

Where <value> is 0 for fundamental or 1 for rms

For total harmonic distortion (THD) readings (also known as the series formula), the reference on the denominator of the equation can be either the rms reading or the fundamental harmonic reading.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

:HMX:VLT:THD:SEQ <value>

:HMX:

Where <value> is 0 for odd and even or 1 for odd only

iption

For total harmonic distortion (THD) readings, the harmonics used in the measurement can include all harmonics up to the speciﬁed number or only

dd harmonics.

the o

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

:HMX:VLT:THD:RNG <value>

:HMX:AMP:THD:RNG <value>

Where <value> is the maximum harmonic to display in the range of 2 to

100.

For total harmonic distortion (THD) readings, <value> speciﬁes the maximum harmonic number used in the formula.

This command works on a group. Use the :INST:NSEL command ﬁrst to select the active group.

AMP:THD:SEQ <value>

76 PA3000 Power Analyzer User Manual

Tektronix PA3000 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual