Tektronix NetTek YBT100,YB100DS3 User Manual

NetTek®YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester User Manual

www.tektronix.com

071-2070-00

Tektronix products are covered by U .S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Speciﬁcations and pr

TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

NetTek is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc.

served. Licensed software products are

ice change privileges reserved.

Contacting Tektronix

Tektronix, Inc. 14200 SW Karl Brau n Drive P.O. Box 500 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA

For product information, sales, service, and technical support:

In North America, call 1-800-833-9200. Worldwide, visit www.tektronix.com to ﬁnd contacts in your area.

Warranty 2

Tektronix warrants that this produc workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment. If any such product proves defective during this war the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective p Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and p

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, with shipping charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and a ny other charges for products returned to any other locations.

This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product; b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modiﬁed or integrated with other products when the effect of such modiﬁcation or integration increases the time or difﬁculty of servicing the product.

THIS WARRANTY IS G IVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIE TEKTRONIX AND ITS V EN DORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABI RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE AND EXC BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE

U OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.

LITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX’

LUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR

ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL

NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

t will be free from defects in materials and

ranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair

roduct. Parts, modules and replacement products used by

roducts become the property of Tektronix.

General Safety Summary ................................. .............. iv

Environmental Considerations ............... .......................... vi

Preface... ................................................... ............. vii

Documentation ...... .............................................. vii

Getting Started.................. .......................................... 1

Key Features ............................................. ............ 1

Standard Accessories ........ ....................................... 2

Installation ................................... ........................ 3

Conﬁguration ........ ................................................ 4

Functional Veriﬁcation.............................................. 9

Operating Basics........................................................ 13

The YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Front and Rear Panels . .. . . .. . 13

User Interface......................................... ............. 18

Applications....................................... ...................... 21

Monitor a Single DS1 Signal at a DSX Panel......... .......... 21

Monitor Two DS1 Signals at a DSX Panel...................... 23

DS1 Loop Testing .................. ............................... 24

Monitoring a DS3 Signal (YBT100DS3 Only) ................. 29

Monitoring (Dropping) a DS1 Channel from a DS3 Signal

(YBT100DS3 Only) ................ ......................... 30

DS3 Loop Testing (YBT100DS3 Only)......................... 30

Measurement Logs ................................ ................ 32

Unattended Signal Event Monitoring and Logging . . .. . . .. . . .. 35

Appendix A: Speciﬁcations........................................ .... 39

Appendix B: Parameter Settings .................................. .... 43

Test Mode Parameters............................................. 43

Framing Parameters .................................. ............. 43

Network Timing Parameters. ..................................... 44

Zero Coding Parameters .................... ...................... 44

Alarms and Events ..... ........................................... 44

BERT Patterns.......... ........................................... 46

Loopback Settings........................... ...................... 48

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester i

Table of Contents

Spkr Button.. ................................................ ...... 48

Index

ii NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

List of Tables

Table 1: YBT100 and YBT100DS3 connectors and indicators . . . . 13

Table 2: Loop test methods ............................................ 25

Table 3: In-Band loop codes................................. .......... 27

Table 4: Electrical characteristics...... ............................... 39

Table 5: Environmental characteristics ............................... 41

Table 6: Physical characteristics ............. ......................... 42

Table 7: Standards compliance.................................... .... 42

Table 8: Safety compliance ............................................ 42

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester iii

General Safety Summary

Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it.

To avoid potential hazards, use this product only as speciﬁed.

Only qualiﬁed personnel should perform service procedures.

While using this product, you may need to access other parts of a larger system. Read the safety sections of the other component manuals for warnings and cautions related to operating the system.

To Avoid Fire or Personal Inju

Connect and Disconnect Properly. Do not connect or disconnect probes or

test leads while they are co

Observe All Terminal Ratings. To a void ﬁre or shock hazard, observe all

ratings and markings on the further ratings information b efore making connections to the product.

The inputs are not rated fo IV circuits.

Do not apply a potential t terminal, that exceeds the maximum rating of that terminal.

Do Not Operate Without Co

or panels removed.

Do Not Operate With Sus

damage to this product, have it inspected by qualiﬁed service personnel.

Avoid Exposed Circuit

components when power is present.

Recharge Batteries Pr

charge cycle only.

Use Proper AC Adapter

product.

pected Failures.

ry.

Do not touch exposed connections and

operly.

Use only the AC adapter speciﬁed for this

nnected to a voltage source.

product. Consult the product manual for

r connection to mains or Category II, III, or

o any terminal, including the common

vers.

Do not operate this product with covers

If you suspect that there is

Recharge batteries for the recom mended

iv NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

General S afety Sum mary

Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions.

Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosp here.

Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry.

Terms in this Manual

These terms may appear in this manual:

WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could

result in injury or loss of life.

CAUTION. Caution stateme nts identify conditions or practices that could

result in damage to this product or other property.

Symbols and Terms on the Product

These terms may appear on the product:

DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking.

WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking.

CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.

The following symbol(s) may appear on the product:

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester v

Environmental Considerations

This section provides information abou t the environmental impact of the product.

Product End-of-Life Handling

Observe the following guidelines when recycling an instrument or component:

Battery Recycling. This pro

rechargeable battery, which must be recycled or disposed of properly. Please p roperly dispose of or recycle the battery according to local government regulations.

duct contains a lithium ion ( Li -io n)

Transporting Batteries

The lithium ion rechargea less than 8 grams of equivalent lithium content, with individual cells containing less than 1.5 grams of equivalent lithium, as measured by International Civil Av your air carrier for applicability and determination of any special lithium ion batter y transportation requirements.

Restriction of Hazar

This product h as been classiﬁed as Monitoring and Control equipment, and is outside the sco product complies with the RoHS Directive requirements except for the presence of hexavalent chromium in the surface coating of the aluminum chassis used in the fabrication of the circuit boards.

parts, assembly hardware, and 63/37 tin/l ead solder

ble battery pack in this product contains

iation Organization (ICAO) standards. Consult

dous Substances

pe of the 2002/95/EC RoHS Directive. This

vi NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Preface

Documentation

To read about Use these documents

Installation and operation (overviews)

Help using the application

Preface

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester User Manual. The user manual contains general

information about how to put you r instrument into service, guides to user interface controls, and application examples.

YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Online Help. The online help is context sensitive to provide deﬁnitions for some instrument settings, and alarm and event deﬁnitions. A help button is also available on some dialog boxes to display information about that dialog box.

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester vii

Preface

viii NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Getting Started

Key Features

The NetTek YBT100 and NetTek YBT100DS3 Backhaul Testers are state-of-the-art, comprehensive, test modules for testing DS1 and DS3 services. The functionality and user-friendly design allows you to easily analyze and resolve problems that arise in a n etwork. These lightweight, battery powered instruments combine all the test interfaces needed to test and troubleshoot copper services without the need for plug-in modules. The YBT100 or Y B T100DS3 can operate either independently (to log measurements/events) or from a PC or NetTek Y400 Analyzer Platform. Features include:

Part of the NetTek Toolbox, which provides a portable and full-featured transmitter, antenna, and backhaul testing solution

Controlled using the NetTek Y400 Analyzer platform, a PC, or a laptop, or can be left on-site to monitor signal events

Wireless 802.11 b/g connection lets you operate the YBT100 or YBT100DS3 from a laptop without a direct connection, such as from a vehicle in bad weather

Display elements show all test results on the main screen, with color coding to make pass/fail testing viewable fro m across a room

Easy-to-use interface with key settings accessible from the main application screen, or within one or two clicks

Two fully independent DS1 test interfaces (YBT100 and YBT100DS3), and an optional DS3 test interface (YBT100DS3), with monitoring, error insertion, and loop test capabilities

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 1

Getting Started

Standard Accessories

Accessory

NetTek YBT100 Backhaul Tester YBT100

NetTek YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester YBT100DS3

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester User Manual

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester Software installation CD

Instrument Pouch 016-1992-XX

Accessory Pouch 016-1993-XX

115 VAC Power Adapter

802.11 b/g Antenna

RS232 Adapter Cable

T1 Bantam Test Cables, 2 (Gray)

DS3 75 Ohm BNC Cable (Red) (YBT100DS3 only)

DS3 75 Ohm BNC Cable (Blue) (YBT100DS3 only)

2 BNC to WECo 440 Adapters (YBT100DS3 only)

Tektronix part number

071-2070-XX

063-3987-XX

119-7323-XX

119-7330-XX

012-1706-XX

012-1710-XX

012-1704-XX

012-1705-XX

012-1707-XX

2 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Back haul Tester

Installation

Software

Do the following to install the YBT100 /YBT100DS3 software on either a PC or NetTek Y400 Analyzer Platform:

1. Insert the NetTek YBT100 and YBT100D S3 Backhaul Tester

2. Select one of the following:

3. Follow the on-screen instructions.

Getting Started

CD into a CD-compatible drive on your PC or laptop. The PC displays the installation screen.

Install YB T100 Software on Y400 to install software on a NetTek Y400 Analyzer Platform.

Install YBT100 Software on PC to install software on your PC or laptop.

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 3

Getting Started

Conﬁguration

NOTE. Throughout the rest of the manual, the term YBT100 refers to both

the NetTek YBT100 and the NetTek YBT100DS3 modules. When instructions or information is speciﬁc to a particular model, the speciﬁc model is called out in the text.

Power

Connecting the AC Adapter. Do the following to install the AC power

adapter and charge the batteries:

1. Insert the AC power adapter mini-jack into the instrument. See 1 in the next ﬁgure.

2. Connect the AC adapter m odule to an AC pow er source. The yellow Charge LED on the instrument lights to indicate that the instrument battery is charging. The LED turns off when the battery is charged. See 2 and 3 in the next ﬁgure.

3. Charge the Lithium-Ion battery for eight hours before using t he instrument on battery power for the ﬁrst time. A full charge from a discharged battery requires approximately six to eight hours.

Powering On and Off the Instrument .

1. Move the Power On switch in the up direction to power on the YBT100. The green power LED lights to indicate that the instrument is powered on.

2. To power off the instrument, move the switch in the do wn direction.

4 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Back haul Tester

Getting Started

Running on Battery Power. The following are guidelines for operating

the YBT100 from battery power:

The AC adapter charges the battery pack and supplies power to the module.

The battery charge circuit is independent of the power state (On/Off) of the instrument.

A full charge from a discharged battery requires approximately sixtoeighthours.

How long the instrument can run on battery power depends on the num ber of active test interfaces (DS1-A, DS1-B, and DS3) that are running. The battery supports a single test interface for approximately 8 hours of continuous operation. Multip le test interface selections decreases the battery life by about 30% for each active interface.

Setting Up Communications to a PC or NetTek Y400

You must connect the YBT100 module to a PC or NetTek Y400 to conﬁgure the YBT100 to monitor or insert signals. You can connect the YBT100 module to a PC using a wireless 802.11 b/g connection, or to a PC or NetTek Y400 Analyzer Platform by using the supplied YBT100 to PC RS-232 adapter cable (Tektronix part number 012-1706-XX).

Setting Up the Wireless 802.11 b/g Connection.

NOTE. Each PC 802.11 b/g implementation is different (built-in, PCMCIA

card wireless adapter, USB-port wireless adapter, PCI card). Use the instructions that come with your PC or WiFi adapter to set up and enable your 802.11 unit. The following instructions use the Microsoft Windows XP Wireless Network Connection utility to conﬁgure your PC to use 802.11 b/g to communicate with the YBT100.

1. Enable the 802 .11 communications device on your PC. Consult

your PC manual or WiFi adapter manual for instructions.

2. Connect the 802.11 antenna to the YBT100 module antenna

connector.

3. Power on the YBT100 module.

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 5

Getting Started

NOTE. Do not start the YBT100 application on the PC at this tim e. You

must set the PC or laptop wireless communications parameters before running the YBT100 application.

4. On the PC, click Start > Settings > Network Connections >

5. Click View Wireless Networks. The Windows XP operating

6. Double-click on LTR X _ I B S S .ClickConnect Anyway if the

Wireless Network Connection.

system scans for wireless conn

ections and displays a list of all detected wireless networks. The list should include LTRX_IBSS. If LTRX_IBSS is not listed, make sure that the YBT100 is powered on and that the LOW BAT indic

warning message dialog bo

ator LED is not lit.

x is displayed. The list should update

after a moment to show that the LTRX_IBSS is connected.

7. Select LTRX_IBSS in the l

ist an d click Advanced Settings to

open the Wireless Network Connection Properties dialog box.

8. In the General tab, scrol

l down the list and select Internet

Protocol (TCP/IP).

9. Click Properties.

10. Click the Use the following IP address check box and enter the

following IP address i

ntheﬁeld:

192.168.10.01

11. Click inside the Subnet Mask ﬁeld to automatically ﬁll in the ﬁeld

(255.255.255.0).

12. Click OK , then click Close.

13. Double-click the YBT100 icon on the PC.

14. Click Port in the menu bar and select the appropriate 802.11 port

for your YBT100 instrument. The YBT100 application should link to your PC after a few moments.

6 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Back haul Tester

Getting Started

Disabling the YBT100 Wireless Connection. UseyourlaptoporPC

wireless connectivity tools to disconnect or close the 802.11 b/g wireless connection.

Setting Up the Serial Cable Conn

CAUTION. Use only the supplied

standard USB cable to connect on a PC or other device. The si not a USB signal. The YBT10 voltage types are not com damage one or both pieces RS-232 connector, obta end of the cable to the P

in an RS-232 to USB adapte r to connect the RS-232

ection.

YBT100-to-RS-232 cable. Do not use a from the YBT100 RS-232 port to a USB port gnal on the RS-232 port of the YBT100 is

0 RS-232 connector pinouts, signal types, and

patible with standard USB connectors and could

of equipment. If your PC does not have an

C USB port.

1. Connect the USB-style co nnector of the supplied YBT100 USB-connector-to-RS-232 cable into the YBT100 RS232 port on the module rear panel.

2. Connect th e DB9 RS-232 connector to the PC or Y400 COM1 RS-232 port.

3. Start the YBT100 application on the PC. The YBT100 application displays No C omm Link to the right of the speaker on/off button.

4. Power on the YBT100 module. The YBT100 application automatically recognizes and establishes communications with the YBT100 instrument over the RS-232 cable, and replaces the No

Comm Link message (adjacent to the Spkr on/off but ton ) with ET: n:n:n, indicating the time period of the current test run.

You can also verify that the YBT100 application is communicating with the YBT100 module by looking at the instrument rear panel status LEDs. The Link Fault LED w ill be off, and the Rx and Tx LEDs will be blinking.

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 7

Getting Started

NOTE. The YBT100 module uses COM1 as the default serial port on which

to search for a communications link. If your PC or laptop is using a port other than COM1, either set the PC to make COM1 available, or change the communications port for the YBT100 application. To change the YBT100 port, click the Port menu and select the appropriate COM port to use.

The YBT100 application resets the port selection to COM1 when starting the a pplication.

8 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Back haul Tester

Functional Veriﬁcation

You can perform these functional checks to verify that your instrument is operating properly. These procedures assume that you have established communications between the YBT100 instrument and the PC or NetTek Y400 that is running the YBT100 application. (See page 5, Setting Up Communications to a PC or NetTek Y400.)

DS1 Functional Veriﬁcation

1. Connect a bantam cable between the DS1 A RCV and XMT jacks.

2. On the PC or NetTek Y400, click the DS1-A button.

3. Click the Conﬁguration tab, and set or conﬁrm the following

parameters:

Mode = Term

Getting Started

Framing = ESF

Circuit Timing = Internal

Zero Coding = B8ZS

4. Click the Diagnostics t parameters:

BERT Patterns = QRSS

Insert Error = Logic, BPV,andF-Loss.

5. Click the Restart button. The application Alarms and Events display shows the message NO ERRORS,withafrequency reading of approxima approximately 0.0 dB.

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 9

ab, and set or conﬁrm the following

tely 1544000 Hz, and a level readout of

Getting Started

6. On the Diagnostics tab, click Insert. The Alarms, Events, and

7. Unplug the bantam cable from both DS1 A jacks. The Alarms area

Logic areas show Out Of F ram e (OOF), BPV, F-Bit, and BERT errors.

shows one or more alarm conditions, with the primary alarm being a loss of signal (LOS). The Receive Signal area also shows a NO SIGNAL message.

8. Connect the bantam cable between the DS1 B RCV and XMT jacks.

10 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Getting Started

9. Click the DS1-B button.

10. Repeat steps 3 through 7 to verify the DS1-B functionality.

DS3 Functional Veriﬁcation

This procedure presumes that you are continuing from the DS1 functional veriﬁcation procedure.

1. Connect a D S3 7 5Ω coaxial cable between the DS3 RCV and

XMT connectors.

2. Click the DS3 button.

3. Click the Conﬁguration tab, and set or conﬁrm the following

parameters:

Mode = Term

Framing = C-Bit

Circuit Timing = Internal

4. Click the Diagnostics tab, and set or conﬁrm t h e following

parameters:

BERT Patterns = 2^23 -1

Insert Error = Logic and BPV

5. Click the Restart button. The application Alarms and Events

display shows the message NO ERRORS, with a signal level

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 11

Getting Started

6. On the Diagnostics tab, click the Insert button. The Events and

7. Unplug the DS3 coaxial cable from both DS3 connectors. The

readout of approximately 0.0 dB (0.0 Vpk), and a frequency reading of approximately 44736000 HZ.

Logic areas show BPV and BERT errors.

Alarms area shows one or more alarm conditions, w ith the primary alarm being a loss of signal (LOS). The Receive Signal area also shows a NO SIGNAL message.

You have completed the functional veriﬁcation.

12 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Operating Basics

The YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Front and Rear Panels

Table 1 shows the YBT100 and YBT100DS3 front and rear panel connectors and indicators. The follow ing sections describe these items.

Table 1: YBT100 and YBT100DS3 connectors and indicators

YBT100 Front panel

YBT100DS3 Front panel

Rear panel (both models)

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 13

Operating Basics

Front Panel: Power Connectors and Status LEDs

1. Power On/Off switch

2. Power status LED (green) lights when the instrument is powered

on.

3. Charge status LED (yellow) lights when the battery pack is be ing charged.

4. Power adapter jack for connecting from AC power adapter.

5. Low Bat status LED (red) lights when the battery has approximately

20 minutes of power left.

NOTE. The YBT100 and YBT100DS3 battery pack is not user-replaceable.

Contact Tektronix to obtain information on replacing the battery pack.

14 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Operating Basics

Front Panel: DS1 Connectors and Status LEDs

1. DS1 A, DS1 B RCV: Bantam-type jacks for test signals entering

the instrument (input).

2. DS1 A, DS1 B XMT: B antam-type jacks for test signals leaving

the instrument (output).

3. The DS1 signal status LED s (valid for DS1-A signals only):

The Pulses LED (green) lights when the instrument detects valid signal pulses on the DS1 A RCV connector. This LED does not light for DS1 B pulses.

The Errors LED (red) lights when the instrument detects an alarm or event on the DS1 A RCV connector. Remains lit until the alarm or event stops occurring. This LED does not light for DS1 B errors.

The History LED (yellow) lights when the instrument has detected a signal alarm or event o n the D S1 A RCV connector. The History LED remains lit until the instrument is cleared with the ap pli cation RESTART button. This LED does not light for DS1 B error history.

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 15

Operating Basics

Front Panel: Option DS3

Option DS3 adds the following DS3 features to the standard front panel:

1. DS3 Signal Status LEDs: Refer to the descriptions for the DS1 Signal Status LEDs.

2. RCV: BNC-type connector for DS3 test signals entering the instrument (input).

3. XMT: BNC-type connector for DS3 test sign als leaving the instrument (output).

16 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Operating Basics

Rear Panel Connectors and LEDs

1. The 802.11 Antenna connector for the supplied IEEE 802.11

b/g wireless LAN antenna. Connect the antenna if you are communicating with a PC tha

2. The Link Fault status LED (yellow) lights when there are data

errors in the serial commu connected PC or NetTek Y400.

t has an 802.11 b/g wireless interface.

nications between the YBT100 and the

3. The RX status LED (green)

data from the rem ote device (PC or NetTek Y400).

4. The TX status LED (green)

data to the remote device (PC or NetTek Y 400 ).

5. The RS232 USB physical/

interface. This connector is not a USB port. Use this port to connect to the RS-232 serial COM port on your remote device, using only the supplied YBT100 U

ﬂashes when the instrument is receiving

ﬂashes when the instrument is sending

RS-232 electrical (57.6Kbps, 8N1)

SB/RS232 cable.

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 17

Operating Basics

User Interface

1. The Menu bar contains the application m enu items.

The File menu lets yo u export a bitmap image of the current

YBT100 screen, and exit the application.

The Port menu lets you select which port to use to communicate

with the YBT100 (RS-23 2 COM p or t or 802.11 wireless). (See page 5, Setting Up Communications to a PC or NetTek Y400.)

The To o l s menu lets you display information about the

YBT100.

2. The Setup Tabs conﬁgure the test and diagnostic parameters. (See page 43, Parameter Settings.) Select a tab to display the associated controls or settings:

The Conﬁguration tab sets mode, sign a l f raming, circuit

timing (clock) source, and zero coding parameters.

The Diagnostics tab sets BERT patterns, error insertion types,

and loopback setup parameters.

3. The Alarms and E vents area displays NO ERRORS when there are no alarms or events, or lists the alarms and events with error conditions highlighted. (See page 44, Alarms and Events.)

18 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Operating Basics

4. The Received Signal Status area displays received test signal

level in dBD (dBdsx) and Vp-p, and frequency (in Hz), as well as signal slips. Sli ps compares the DS 1 A signal clock or timing t o a reference clock (connected to the DS1 B RCV jack), and displays the difference in frequency deviation (Hz) and slips (count) .

5. The Diagnostic Status area displays BERT pattern lock and

Loopback activity status.

6. The Te s t Type buttons select the type of test that you are taking

(DS1 or DS3). Note that the DS3 button is only enabled with YBT100 Option DS3.

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 19

Operating Basics

20 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Applications

The procedures in this section assume that you have established communications between the YBT10 0 instrument and the YBT100 application running on a PC or NetTek Y400 Analyzer Platform. (See page 5, Setting Up Communications to a PC or NetTek Y400.)

Monitor a Single DS1 Signal at a DSX Panel

The following is an example of how to set up non-intrusive mo nitoring of a single DS1 signal at a DSX panel.

WARNING. Avoid potential shock hazard. The intra-building interfaces of

this product are suitable for connection to intra-building o r unexposed wiring or cabling only. The intra-building ports on the equipment must not be metallically connected to interfaces that connect to the outside plant or its wiring.

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 21

Applications

1. On the YBT100 application, click the DS1-A button.

2. Click the Conﬁguration tab, and set or conﬁrm the following

3. Connect the YBT100 DS1 A RCV to a DSX panel Mon jack.

parameters:

Mode = Monitor

Circuit Timing = Network

Making this connection should not cause any alarms.

Which mo nitor jack you use depends on the signal that you want to m on ito r. The illustration show s DS1 A monitoring the CSU transmit signal goi ng to the NIU.

4. Click the Auto-Detec

t button to detect and set the signal framing

and zero coding types, and to detect any BERT patterns being transmitted.

5. Click the Restart button. The Alarms and Events area displays either NO ERRORS or a list of errors, depending on the received signal.

NOTE. If you are mon

be able to establi

itoring live customer trafﬁc, you will probably not

sh a pattern sync.

22 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Monitor Two DS1 Signals at a DSX Panel

The YBT 100 let you monitor t wo DS1 signals at th e same time. You can use this capability to monitor the same DS1 signal in an attempt to isolate the direction of a fault, or monitor two different DS1 signals. The following example shows how to mo nitor the DS1 signal on both sides of a CSU device, to verify that the CSU device is working correctly.

1. On the YBT100 application, click the DS1-A button.

2. Click the Conﬁguration tab, and set or conﬁrm the following

parameters:

Mode = Monitor

Circuit Timing = Network

Click Auto-D etect to detect and set the signal framing and zero coding types, and to detect any BERT patterns being transmitted.

3. Click the DS1-B button and repeat step 2 to set or conﬁrm the

Conﬁguration tab settings.

4. Connect the YBT100 DS1 A and DS1 B RCV jacks to the DSX

panel Mon jacks. Making these connections should not cause any alarms.

Applications

Which monitor jacks you use depends on the signals that you want to monitor. The illustration show s DS1-A monitoring the BTS to CSU signal, and DS1-B monitoring the CSU to NIU signal. This lets you verify the operation of the CSU.

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 23

Applications

5. Click the Restart button. The Alarms and Events area either

6. Click between the DS1-A and DS1-B buttons to monitor each

displays the NO ERRORS me ssage, or a list of errors, depen din g on the received signal.

signal.

DS1 Loop Testing

Loop testing is an out-of-service test that creates a loop at a point in the network so that the transmit-side data is returned (or looped) back to the sender at that point. You can th en send BERT patterns to evaluate the performance of the looped netw ork. The following table describes common loop test methods:

24 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Table 2: Loop test methods

Loop test method Advantage Disadvantage

Software loop codes sent from a test instrument to enable speciﬁc loop-capable devices

Use two test instruments with one set to loop mode (CSU/NIU Emulation)

Manually insert loop plugs at a patch panel

Enables a single technician and instr ument to test the round-trip trafﬁc performance oftheT1lineandnetwork between the current location andaspeciﬁed loop-capable device or manually-looped signal

Quickly identiﬁes if a problem is with the on-site equipment or the T1 network

Tests the round-trip trafﬁc performance of the T1 line and network between the current location and a speciﬁed loop-capable device

Can identify if a problem is on the transmit or receive signal line

Tests the rou nd-trip T1 network performance between the current location and a manually-looped signal

Identify if a problem iswith the on-site equipment or the T1 network

Cannot determine if a problem is on the transmit or receive signal; tests a signal loop as a unit

Requires a technician at each site to connect, conﬁgure and monitor the test instruments

Cannot determine if a problem is on the transmit or receive signal; tests a signal loop as a unit

Requires a t echnician at the remote site to insert loop plugs

Applications

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 25

Applications

Table 2: Loo p test metho ds, (cont.)

Loop test method Advantage Disadvantage

Use the CSU/NIU front panel controls to set the device to loop

Use the T1 network controls to set a device to loop

Tests the roun d-trip T1 network performance between the current location and the CSU/NIU loop

Tests the roun d-trip T1 network performance between the current location and a loop-capable device

Cannot determine if a problem is on the transmit or receive signal; tests a signal loop as a unit

Requires a technician at the remote site to enable the CSU/NIU loops

Technician may not have access to T1 network control programs

Requires network access/permission from a remote site, or coordinating with ano ther technician to enable device loops

The YBT100 Backhaul Tester is capable of sending loop codes and of emulating CSU or NIU equipment in a loop m ode.

Loop Codes

A loop code is a binary pattern that causes a loop-capable remote device to activate (loop up) or deactivate (loop down) its loop mode. There are twotypesofloopcodesthatareusedonT1networks:

In-Band loop codes are sent as part of D4/SF and ESF payloads. Most loop-capable devices recognize In-Band codes.

Out-of-Band loop codes are o nly sent on ESF-framed systems, and are sent over the Facility Data Link.

26 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Applications

The following table lists common In-Band loop codes:

Table 3: In-Band loop codes

Device Loop up code Loop down code

NIU/Smart Jack

CSU

Intelligent repeaters

110 00 1110 0

10000 100

Vendor-speciﬁc, typically 16 bits long

Device Loop Points

It is important to know where in a device a loop is occurring. For example, if a loop device loops the receive signal directly to its transmit output, then enabling a loop on that device does not test the signal through the device itself, only the sign al that has gotten to the device.

A loop that sends its input signal directly to its output signal, without passing through the device, is called a front-side loop. In general, N IU and Smart Jack devices provide front-side loops.

Some CSU devices can provide both a front-side loop and a through (or payload) loop. A through loop passes through the device, but do es not clear it. For example, a through loop would test the device, but not test the signal connector hardware at the far side of the device.

Example DS1 Loop Test

NOTE. A loop test places the line being tested out of service.

This example shows how to set up a DS1 loop from a mobile switching center (MSC) to a BTS NIU.

1. Connect the YBT100 DS1 A RCV and XMT jacks to the DSX

panel OUT and IN jacks, respectively. Making these connections takes that line out of service.

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 27

Applications

2. Click the DS1-A button.

3. Click the Conﬁguration tab, and set or conﬁrm the following

parameters:

Mode = TERM

Circuit Timing = Internal

Framing: Select the approp riate framing for your network

Zero Coding: Select the appropriate Zero Coding for your

network

4. Click the Diagnostics tab and select a BERT pattern to send. (See page 46, BERT Patterns.)

5. Select the Logic check box in the Insert Error area.

6. Click the Insert button to send a logic error. The YBT100 should

not show any errors. This step veriﬁes that there are no loopbacks already set up on the network.

7. Click the Select Loopback button and select the loop type that is appropriate for your testing.

8. Click the Loop-Up bu tton to transmit the loop code and establish a loop at the remote NIU. When the loop is established, the Loop Up button label changes to Active. If a loop is not established, you may have a network problem. Verify that you have selected the correct YBT100 parameters and loopback type.

28 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

9. Click the Restart button. The Alarms and Events ar ea displays the

NO ERRORS message if the looped network has no errors.

10. On the Diagnostics tab, select one or more error types in the Insert

Error area. . If you select Logic, make sure to also select a BERT pattern.

11. Click the Insert button. The Alarms and Events area replaces the

NO ERRO RS message with a count of the error types that you inserted.

12. Select other BERT patterns and error typ es to test your network.

13. When done with the loop testing, click the Loop Down button to

deactivate the remote loop.

14. Click the Insert button to send a logic error. The YBT100 should

not show any errors. This step veriﬁes that the network loop is down (has been deactivated).

Monitoring a DS3 Signal (YBT100DS3 Only)

The following is an example of how to set up non-intrusive mo nitoring of a DS3 signal at a DSX-3 panel.

Applications

1. Connect a DS3 coaxial cable from the DSX-3 panel Monitor jack

to the DS3 RCV connector.

2. On the YBT100 application, click DS3.

3. Click the Conﬁguration tab and set/ conﬁrm the following

parameters:

Mode = Monitor

Framing: click Auto .

Circuit Timing = Network

Zero Coding = B3ZS

4. Click Restart. The Alarms and Events area displays either the NO

ERRORS message or a list of errors, depending on the received signal.

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 29

Applications

Monitoring (Dropping) a DS1 Channel from a DS3 Signal (YBT100DS3 Only)

1. Click the DS3 buton.

2. Click the Conﬁguration tab, and set or conﬁrm the following

parameters:

Mode = Monitor

Framing = click Auto-Frame or select known framing type

3. Click the DS1 Drop but ton, select the T1 channel to monitor (drop), an d click the OK button.

4. Connect a DS3 coaxial cable from the DSX-3 panel Monitor jack to the DS3 RCV connector.

5. Click the Restart button. The Alarms and Events area displays either the NO ERRORS message or a list of errors, depending on the received s ignal.

DS3 Loop Testing (YBT100DS3 Only)

NOTE. A loop test places the line being tested out of serv ice.

1. Connect the YBT100DS3 DS3RCV and XMT conn ectors to the DSX-3 panel OUT and IN jacks, respectively. Making these connections takes that line out of service.

2. Click the DS3 button.

3. Click the Conﬁguration tab, and set or conﬁrm the following

parameters:

Mode = TERM

Circuit Timing = Internal

Framing: Select the approp riate framing for your network

4. Click the Diagnostics tab and select a BERT pattern to send. (See page 46, BERT Patterns.)

30 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Applications

5. Select the Logic check box in the Insert Error area.

6. Click the Insert bu tto n to send a logic error. The YBT100 should

not show any errors. This step veriﬁes that there are no loopbacks already set up on the network.

7. Click the Select Loopback button to open the DS3 FEAC &

Loopbacks dialog box.

8. Select the loop type that is appropriate for your testing. Click the

help button on the dialog box for information on the DS3 loopback settings.

9. Click the Loop-Up butt on to transmit the loop code and establish

a loop at the remote NIU. When the loop is established, the Loop Up button label changes to Active. If a loop is not established, you may have a network problem. Verify that you have selected the correct YBT100 test param eters and loopback type.

10. Click the Restart button. The Alarms and Events area displays the

NO ERRORS message if the looped network has no errors.

11. On the Diagnostics tab, select one or more error types in the Insert

Error area. If you select Logic, make sure to also select a BERT

pattern.

12. Click the Insert button. The Alarms and Events area replaces the

NO ERRO RS message with a count of the error types that you inserted.

13. Select other BERT patterns and error typ es to test your network.

14. When done with the loop testing, click the Loop Down button to

deactivate the remote loop.

15. Click the Insert button to send a logic error. The YBT100 should

not show any errors. This step veriﬁes that the network loop is down (has been deactivated).

16. Repeat steps 7 through 15 to perform loopback testing or send

FEAC codes on the DS3 network.

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 31

Applications

Measurement Logs

TheYBT100Circuit-Logfunctionletsyoulog(save)upto500DS1-A measurement results in nonvolatile memory in the YBT100 module, and recall them for viewing.

NOTE. Measurement logging is not available for DS1-B or DS3

measurements.

Logging a Measurement

1. Set up and take the measuremen t for w hich you want to log (save) results.

2. Click the DS1-A button.

3. Click the Diagnostics tab .

4. Click the Circuit-Log button.

5. Enter the circuit ID of the current measurement, or other label, in the Current Circuit-ID ﬁeld.

6. Enter the name or identiﬁer of the technician taking the measurement in the Tech-ID ﬁeld.

NOTE. The combination of the Current Circuit-ID and Tech-ID ﬁelds

identiﬁes a unique location, or folder, in nonvolatile memory that contains measurement results.

32 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Applications

7. Click the Save-ID’s button to create a test results storage folder

in nonvolatile memory.

8. Click the Store Test Results button to store the current results to

the folder shown in the Current Circuit-ID and Tech-ID ﬁelds. You can continue clicking Store Test Results to save more measurement results.

9. To save measurements to a d ifferent folder, enter new values in the

Current Circuit-ID and Tech-ID ﬁelds and click the Save-ID’s

button. If the folder already exists, results are stored in that folder. If the folder does not exist, the YBT100 creates a new folder in which to save results.

NOTE. You must click the Save-ID’s button to save results to a new location.

Just changing the values in either the Current Circuit-ID or Tech-ID ﬁelds does not save test results to a new location.

10. Click EXIT or OK to exit the Test & Results Logs dialog b ox.

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 33

Applications

Viewing a Measurement Log File

1. Click the DS1-A button.

2. Click the Diagnostics tab .

3. Click the Circuit-Log button.

4. Click the Get Stored Logs button.

5. Click the Next and Prev buttons to display the folder in the Log

6. Click the View butto n. The YBT100 closes the dialog box and

7. Click the Prev or Next buttons to select and display other

8. Click the Info button to display information about the displayed

Circuit-ID ﬁeld from which to view results.

displays the ﬁrst results log e ntr y in the YBT100 application. A yellow LOG View icon at the top of the screen indicates that you are viewing logged measurements.

measurement log results on-screen.

measurement log.

Click the Circuit-Log button, then click the EXIT button to exit the Test & Results Logs dialog box and stop viewing saved measurement results. The YBT100 restores the measurement and instrument settings that were present before the saved measurement results were viewed.

Deleting Measurement Log Files

1. Click the DS1-A button.

2. Click the Diagnostics tab .

3. Click the Circuit-Log button.

4. Click the Delete Logs button. The YBT100 deletes all logged

measurements from nonvolatile memory.

Auto Test Logs

The YBT100 application provides a set of predeﬁned tests that automatically run and then log their results to nonvolatile memory.

34 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Applications

1. Click the DS1-A button.

2. Click the Diagnostics tab.

3. Click the Auto-Test button.

4. Click a test type. Select the help button next to a test for information

on what that test does and use that information to conﬁgure the instrument settings for t he test.

5. Click the START TEST button. If the test requires more

information, the YBT100 application displays a dialog box in which you enter or select the required parameters. The auto test then runs, logging measurement results at the current circuit-ID/Tech-ID folder. The application displays a blinking yellow ACTIVE ﬁeld above the Auto-Test button while an auto test is running. If the test fails, the instrument displays an error message.

NOTE. The Log Alarms/Events test does not have a set stop point, but

continues to log alarm and event results until either the storage memory is full, or the test is manually stopped. To manually stop an auto test, c lick the Auto-Test button and then click the STOP TEST button.

Unattended Signal Event Monitoring and Logging

The Y BT100 can be left u log error events. Monitoring refers to using the front-panel status LEDs to see if an event occurred, and viewing the results screen to see cum ulative error snapshots of the error events to a ﬁle at regular intervals, and then viewing the ﬁles at a later time. (See page 32, Measurement Logs.)

Unattended Signal

NOTE. When leaving

use the AC adapter

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 35

nattended at a location to monitor and/or

s count on the events. Logging refers to saving

Event Monitoring

the YBT100 unattended for more than a few hours,

to power the module .

Applications

Do the following steps to set up for unattended error event monitoring (for DS1 A and B signals, and DS3 signals on the YBT100DS3):

1. Set up the YBT100 p aram eters for the signal conditions that you

2. Click the Restart buttontostartthetestandverifythatyoudonot

3. Exit t he YBT10 0 applicat ion .

4. Disconnect the communications link from the YT100 (unplug the

5. When you return to the YBT100, look at the front-panel status

6. Reestablish communications between the laptop or NetTek Y400

7. Start up the YBT100 application on t he laptop or NetTek Y400.

8. View the Alarms and Events area to see the current number of

want to monitor.

have any errors. Also verify that the DS1 and/or DS3 Error and History LEDs on the front panel are not lit.

RS-323 cable from the YBT100, or disconnect the 802.11 b/g wireless communications if necessary).

LEDs to see if there have been any events (the History LED is lit).

and the YBT100 (RS-232 or 802.11b/g wireless).

alarm, event, and logic errors.

NOTE. The DS1 Error and History LEDs do not light for DS1 B signal

errors. However, the YBT100 module does monitor error events that occurred on the DS1 B connector.

Unattended Signal Event Logging

NOTE. Logging is not available fo r DS1 B or DS3 error events.

When leaving the YBT100 unattended for more than a few hours, use the AC adapter to power the module.

Do the following steps to set up for unattended error event logging on the DS1 A jack:

1. Connect the signal to monitor to the YBT100 DS A RCV jack.

2. Set up the YBT100 p aram eters for the signal conditions that you

want to log.

36 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Applications

3. Click the Restart button to start the test and verify that you do not

have any errors. Also verify that the DS1 Error and History LEDs on the front panel are not lit.

4. Click the Diagnostics tab.

5. Set up the YBT100 to log measurements. (See page 32,

Measurement Logs.)

6. Click the Auto-Test button.

7. Click the Log Alarms/Events button.

8. Click the START TEST button.

9. Select the time interval for saving logs and click OK. The YBT100

application does a restart an d begins logg ing events at the speciﬁed interval.

10. Exit the YBT1 00 applicat ion .

11. Disconnect the communications link from the YT100 (unplug the

RS-323 cable from the YBT100, or disconnect the 802.11 b/g wireless communications if necessary).

12. When you return to the YBT100, look at the front-panel status

LEDs to see if there have been any DS1 events (the History LED is lit).

13. Reestablish communications between the laptop or NetTek Y400

and the YBT100 (RS-232 cable or 802.11b/g w ireless).

14. Start up the YBT100 application on the laptop or NetTek Y400.

15. View the Alarms and Events area to see the current number of

alarm, event, and logic errors.

16. View the l og ﬁles for events. (See page 34, Viewing a Measurement

Log File.)

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 37

Applications

38 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Appendix A: Speciﬁcations

Table 4: Electrical characteris

Characteristic Description

DS1 Receiver (RCV)

Modes

Impedance

Sensitivity

Internal clock accuracy

Network loop frequency accuracy

Frequency measurement

Sensitivity

Framing

Line codes

Detected alarm and error events

Supported loopback types

BERT patterns

tics

Term, Monitor, Bridged, CSU/NIU Emulation

Terminate, Monitor, Loopback: ~100 Ω

Bridge: >1000 Ω

Monitor: -15 to -32dB

Terminate/Bridged: +6 to -36 dB

1.544 MHz, ±10 ppm

±300 ppm

Resolution: 0.1Hz

Accuracy: ±7 ppm (±1.472 Hz)

Monitor: -15 dB to -32 dB

Terminate and Bridged: +

Resolution and Accurac dB

ESF, D4, SLC96, UnFramed

B8ZS, AMI

LOS,OOF,AIS,YEL,UAS,CRC,BPV,F-bits,1’sD, ExZ

NREM, NLOC, NDU1, NDU2, CREM, CLOC, CDU1, CDU2, HTU-R, HTU-C, HRE-1, HRE-2, ARM, CSU, NIU4 fac1, NIU5 fac2, Payload, LINE, Network, Self-loop, Local-NW

Off | QRSS | 1:7, 1:1 | DALY | B-T |Auto

6 dB to -36 dBdsx

y: -1.0 dB to -39.0 dB; ±1.25

1in8 | 3 in 24 | All-1’s | All-0’s | Alt,

AP | 2^15–1 | 2047 | 2 in 8 | 1 in 16

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 39

Appendix A: Speciﬁcations

Table 4: Electrical characteristics, (cont.)

Characteristic Description

DS1 Transmit (XMT)

Impedance

Line Buildout (LBO) levels

Clock

Framing

Line codes

Supported loopback types

BERT patterns

DS3 Receive (RCV)

Modes Monitor, Terminate, THRU

Framing

Line code

Clock

Impedance

Sensitivity DSX: up to 26 dB resistive

Error insertion Logic, BPV, F-Loss

Detected alarms and events

BERT patterns

FEAC codes Display any of 11 received FEAC codes or NONE

100 Ω, nominal

0 dB, -7.5 dB, -15 dB and -22.5 dB

Frequency: 1.544 MHz

Accuracy: ±10 ppm

ESF, D4, SLC96, UnF ramed

B8ZS, AMI

NREM, NLOC, NDU1, NDU2 CDU2, HTU-R, HTU-C, HR NIU4 fac1, NIU5 fac2, Self-loop, Local-N

Off|QRSS|1:7,1in8|3in24|All-1’s|All-0’s|Alt, 1:1 | DALY | B-TAP | 2^15–1 | 2047 | 2 in 8 | 1 in 16 |Auto

C-bit, M13, UnFramed, Auto

B3ZS

Frequency: 44.736 MHz

Accuracy: ±20 ppm

75 Ω nominal

Accuracy: ±1.25 dB

Alarms: LOS, OOF, AIS, X_Bit, Idle, UAS

Events: C-BIT, BPV, F-Bit, P-Bit, FEBE, Ex Zero

Logic: BERT error

Off | 2^23-1 | 2^20-1 | 2^15-1 | QRSS | 1010 | 1111 | 1100 | Tx IDLE | Tx AIS | Tx RAI | 1000 | 3 in 24

, CREM, CLOC, CDU1,

E-1, HRE-2, ARM, CSU,

Payload, LINE, Network,

40 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Table 4: Electrical characteristics, (cont.)

Characteristic Description

Supported loopback types

DS3 Transmit (XMT)

Modes

Framing

Line code

Clock

Impedance

Transmit levels

Error insertion

BERT patterns

Supported loopback types

DS3 Line, DS3 NIU, All DS1 Channels, DS1 channel 1-28, Self-Loop, Local-NW

TERM, Monitor, THRU, THRU No Generation, DS1 Drop

C-bit, M13, UnFramed

B3ZS

44.736 MHz, ± 20 ppm

75 Ω nominal

DSX, DSX-HI, DSX-LO

Logic, F-bit, BPV

Off | 2^23-1 | 2^20-1 | 2^ 15- 1 | QR SS | 101 0 | 1111 | 1100 | Tx IDLE | Tx AIS | Tx RAI | 1000 | 3 in 24

DS3 Line, DS3 NIU, All DS1 Channels, DS1 channel 1-28, Self-Loop, Local-NW

, C-bit, P-bit, Ex-Zero

Appendix A: S peci ﬁcations

Table 5: Environmental characteristics

Characteristic Description

Temperature range

Humidity

Altitude

Operating: 0 to +50 °C (+32 °F to +122 °F)

Storage: -20 to +70 °C (-4 °F to +158 °F)

Operating: 4% to 90% RH, noncondensing

Operating: Up to 3,000 m (9,843 ft.)

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 41

Appendix A: Speciﬁcations

Table 6: Physical characteristics

Characteristic Description

AC adapter AC in: 100-120 VAC, 60Hz, 0.18 A

Battery Type: Lithium-Ion

Dimensions

Weight

Table 7: Standard s compliance

Category Description

DC out: 9 VDC, 1.0 A

Maximum operating time: 8 hours Approximate recharge time (from full discharge): ~8 hours

Height: 4.06 cm. (1.6 in) Width: 9.4 cm. ( 3.7 in) Depth: 22.9 cm. ( 9.0 in)

0.54 kg (1.2 lbs)

AT&T Pub. 62411 ANSI T1.403

ITU-T G.703, G.775 TR-TSY-000009, TR-TSY-000499 ANSI T1.102, T1.107, T1.403

Table 8: Safety compliance

Category Description

Safety Compliance

UL60950-1:2003

Information Technology Equipment - Safety

CSA C22.2 No. 60950-1-03

Information Technology Equipment - Safety

42 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Appendix B: Parameter Settings

Test Mode Parameters

The test mode parameters are located on the Conﬁguration tab.

Term: For intrusive (off-line) testing. Sets the instrument to insert a

termination load on the transmit and receive lines, for performing tests such as loop testing, BERT tests, and so on. Use the LBO ﬁeldtoset thetransmitsignallevel.

Monitor: For non-intrusive mo nitoring at a DSX (–20dB) point or at a monitor port on a Smart Jack (NIU). The YBT100 transmitter is off while in MONITOR mode.

Bridged: For non-intrusive monitoring at a high impedance point. The YBT100 receiver line is placed in a >1k ohm high i mpedance state for monitoring active T1 lines. The YB T100 transmitter is off while in Bridged mode.

CSU/NIU Emulation:Conﬁgures the YBT100 test system to respond to CSU, N IU-4, and NIU-5 (Smart Jack) loop codes. Upon reception of a loop code, the YBT100 system beeps and displays the type and status of the loop signal detected (for example, NIU-5 loopback activated!). The YBT100 then loops the RCV data to the TX output. The test mod e must be set to TERM, and Circuit Timing set to Network, to use the CSU/NIU emulation mode.

Framing Parameters

The framing parameters are located on the Conﬁguration tab.

ESF (Extended SuperFrame): A frame structure containing 24 T1

frames.ESFframingallowsalinetobemonitoredduringnormal operation and provides room for CRC bits and other diagnostic commands.

D4 (SuperFrame): A frame structure containing 12 T1 frames grouped into a superframe (SF).

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 43

Appendix B: Parameter Settings

SLC96: A fram ing type used in traditional telco carrier systems (not used in wireless applications). SLC96isacomplexframestructurethat contains 72 T1 frames, and is a variation of standard D4/SF framing.

M13 (Option DS3 only): A frame structure containing seven subframes with eight 85–bit blocks in each subframe.

C-Bit (Option DS3 only): The same str ucture as M13. The d ifference is how the C-bits are used for additional data, alarm, and error indication.

Unframed: The signal is not framed.

Network Timing Parameters

The network timing parameters are located on the Conﬁguration tab.

Network: Recover clock timing from the received signal.

Internal: C lo ck timing is from an internal reference clock.

Zero Coding Parameters

The zero coding parameters are located on the Conﬁguration tab.

B8ZS: Detect B8ZS coding in the received DS1 signal.

AMI: Detect Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) coding in the received

DS1 signal.

B3ZS (YBT100DS3 only): Detect B3ZS coding in the received DS3 signal.

Alarms and Events

The YBT100 continuously monitors the DS1 or DS3 signal for error conditions. The NO ERRORS message indicates that no alarms, events or bit errors have been receiv YBT100 detects an alarm or event, the YBT100 replaces the NO ERRORS message with a list of alarms and a count of the events for each alarm.

44 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

ed since the last test restart. When the

Appendix B: Parameter Settings

Alarm Types

LOS (Loss of Signal): no measurable signal at the instrument.

OOF (Out of Frame): invalid or no framing pattern detected.

AIS (Alarm Indication Signal): An equipment alarm message indicating

loss of the originating signal or when the incoming signal is disrupted.

YEL (Yellow alarm): An equipment alarm message that indicates loss of an incoming signal.

UAS (Unavailable Seconds): The number of seconds after 10 consecutive seconds of SES (severe errored seconds).

Click the drop-down list above the Alarms list to select the type of alarm readout:

CNT (count): The number of alarm ev e nts.

SEC (seconds): The duration of alarm events.

NOTE. An alarm condition cannot be cleared until the condition goes

away. For example, you must receive valid DS1 signal pulses before you canclearaDS1LOSalarm.

Event Types

C-Bit: The number of errors in the C-Bit channel.

CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Ch eck): The number of corrupted payloads

in ESF frames.

BPV (Bipolar Violation): The number of Bipolar Violations received during the test duration.

F-Bit (Framing Bit): The number of framing bit errors.

P-Bit (Parity Bit): The number of parity bit errors.

FEBE (Far End Block Errors) : Sent by terminating device when it

receives an C-Bit or F-Bit error.

1’s Den (Ones Density): Ones density t e st ing has failed.

Ex Zero (Excessive Zeros): The number of excessive consecutive zeros

errors (15 zeros for AMI; 7 zeros for B8ZS).

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 45

Appendix B: Parameter Settings

Event Readout Units

Click the d rop -d own list above the Events list to select the type of event readout units:

CNT (count): The number of bits in error.

BER (Bit Error Rate): The bit error rate (number of b its in error/total

received bits) since the start of the test.

ES (Errored Seconds): The number of seconds in which one or more errors occurred.

EFS (Error Free Secon ds): The number of second s that a test has run without errors.

%EFS (Percent Error Free Seconds): The ratio of the EFS to the total current test duration.

SES (Severely Errored Seconds): The total number of seconds w ith an error rate ≥1.0e-3.

%SES (Percent Severely Errored Seconds): The ratio of SES errors to the total current test duration.

BERT Patterns

The BERT pattern param eters are located on the Diagnostics tab.

Off: Disable BERT pattern sending or detection.

DS1 and DS3 Patterns

NOTE. DS3 B ERT patterns a

module.

QRSS: Quasi-random signal formed from 20 bits with a maximum of 14 consecutive zeros.

2^15-1: A quasi-random seq uence of 32767 bits which contains up to 14 consecutive zero’s.

46 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

re only available on the NetTek YBT100DS3

Appendix B: Parameter Settings

3in24: Three ones in 24 bits (0100 0100 0000 0000 0000 0100), used to stress AMI lines and clock recovery.

DS1-Only BERT Patterns

1:7, 1in8: Used for stress testing AMI & B8 ZS lines (0100 000).

3in24: Three ones in 24 bits (0100 0100 0000 0000 0000 0100), used

to stress AMI lines.

All-1’s: All da ta content is 1’s (1111). In unframed mode this is interpreted as AIS.

All-0’s: All data content is 0’s 0000.

Alt, 1:1: Alternating 1 and 0 (10

Auto: Automatically identiﬁes and synchronizes to the incoming BERT

pattern.

Daly: A pattern that obeys pulse density and consecutive zeros rules in both AMI and B8ZS coding.

B-Tap (bridge tap): A sequence of patterns that emulates speciﬁc frequencies on a T1 line. DS1 1’s, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 2:8, 2:9, 2:10, 2:11, 2:12, 2:13, 2:14, 3in18, 3in19, 3in 20, 3in21, 3in22, 3in23, 3in24, and QRSS.

NOTE. B-tap is rarely used in loopback scenarios and can not be run

end-to-end with another test s et.

2047: A 2,047 Bit sequence commonly used for 64K DS0 channel testing (DDS).

1in16: A pattern that violates 1’s density but stresses clock recovery circuitry.

10).

only. The patterns and sequence are all

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 47

Appendix B: Parameter Settings

DS3-Only BERT Patterns

NOTE. DS3 BERT patterns are only available on the NetTek YBT100DS3

module.

2^23-1: A 23-stage shift register pattern, emulates random data.

2^20-1: A 20-stage shift register pattern, emulates random data.

1010: A pattern that simulates RAI in non-ANSI elements.

1100: A pattern that sim ulates AIS in non-ANSI elements.

1111: A pattern that simulates IDLE in non-ANSI elements.

Tx Idle: Transmits Idle alarm per ANSI speciﬁcations (proper C and

Xbit).

Tx RAI: Transmits RAI alarm per ANSI speciﬁcations (proper C and Xbit).

Tx AIS: Transmits AIS alarm per ANSI speci ﬁcations (proper C and Xbit).

1000: A pattern to test B3ZS (1000… 1000..1000).

Loopback Settings

The Y BT100 can perform both DS1 and DS3 loops. The loopback parameters are accessed by clicking on the Select Loopback butto n on the Diagnostics tab . Click the help button on the D S1 Loopback or DS3 FEAC & Loopbacks dialog box for information on the loop types and controls.

Spkr Button

The Spkr button toggles on or off the emitting of an audio tone when the module detects errors.

48 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Index

Symbols and Numbers

1 in 16, 47 1:7,1in8, 47 1’s Den, 45 1000, 48 1010, 48 1100, 48 1111, 48 2^15-1, 46 2^20-1, 48 2^23-1, 48 2047, 47 3 in 24, 47

802.11 antenna, 17

802.11 b/g antenna, 2

802.11 connection to YBT100, 5

AC adapter jack, 14 AC adapter, connecting, 4 AC power adapter, 2 Accessories, standard, 2 Accessory pouch, 2 AIS, 45 Alarm Indication Signal, 45 Alarms,

AIS, 45 LOS, 45 OOF, 45 setting alarm readout (count o r

seconds), 45

UAS, 45 Yell o w, 4 5

Alarms, Events, Logic areas, 18 All-0’s, 47 All-1’s, 47 Alt, 1:1, 47 AMI, 44 Auto tests (log measurements), 34 Auto, 47 Auto-Test button (log

measurements), 34

B-Tap, 47 B3ZS, 44 B8ZS, 44 Battery,

battery power notes, 5 charging, 5 recycling, vi running time, 5 transporting lithium ion

batteries, vi Beep on error on/off, 48 BER, 46

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 49

Index

BERT patterns,

1in16,47 1:7,1in8, 47 1000, 48 1010, 48 1100, 48 1111, 48 2^15-1, 46 2^20-1, 48 2^23-1, 48 2047, 47 3in24,47 All-0’s, 47 All-1’s, 47 Alt, 1:1, 47 Auto, 47 B-Tap (bridge tap), 47 B-Tap, 47 Daly, 47 Off, 46 QRSS, 46, 48 Tx AIS, 48

Tx RAI, 48 Bipolar Violation, 45 Bit Error Rate, 46 BNC to WECO 440 adapters, 2 BPV, 45 Bridge-Tap, 47 Bridged, 43

C-Bit error, 45 C-Bit, 44 Charge LED, 14 Circuit-Log button (log

measurements), 32, 34 CNT, 45–46

Conﬁguration tab, 18 Connecting the AC adapter, 4 ConnectingtoYBT100using

802.11, 5

ConnectingtoYBT100using

RS-232, 7 CRC, 45 Creating auto test measurement

logs, 34 CSU/NIU Emulation, 43 Current Circuit-ID ﬁeld (log

measurements), 32 Cyclic Redundancy Check, 45

D4, 43 Daly, 47 Delete Logs button (log

measurements), 34 Device loop points, 27 Diagnostics tab, 18 Displaying measurement results (log

measurements), 34 DS1 loopback settings, 48 DS1,

front panel signal LEDs, 15

loop testing overview, 24

monitor a single DS1 signal, 21

monitor two DS1 signals

simultaneously, 23

RCV, XMT connectors, 15 DS1-A b utton, 18 DS1-B b utton, 18 DS3 75 Ohm BNC cable (blue), 2 DS3 75 Ohm BNC cable (red), 2 DS3 button, 18 DS3 loopback settings, 48

50 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Index

DS3,

dropping (monitoring) a DS1

channel, 30 front panel signal LEDs, 16 loop testing overview, 24 monitoring a DS3 signal, 29 RCV, XMT connectors, 16

EFS, 46 %EFS, 46 End-of-life product handling, vi Environmental considerations, vi Erasing measurement results (log

measurements), 34

Error events,

BPV, 45 C-Bit, 45 CRC, 45 excessive zeros (Ex Zero), 45 F-bit, 45 FEBE, 45 ones density (1’s Den), 45 P-Bit, 45

Error Free Seconds, 46 Error logging, unattended, 36 Error monitoring, unattended, 35 Errored Seconds, 46 Errors LED, 15 ES, 46 ESF (Extended SuperFrame), 43 Event logging, unattended, 36 Event monitoring, unattended, 35 Events,

setting event readout types, 46

Ex Zero, 45

Example,

DS1 loopback testing, 24 monitor a single DS1 signal, 21 monitor two DS1 signals

simultaneously, 23

Excessive zeros, 45

F-bit, 45 Far End Block Error, 45 FEBE error, 45 File menu, 18 Framing bit error (F-Bit), 45 Front panel,

AC adapter jack, 14 Charge LED, 14 DS1 A, DS1 B RCV

connectors, 15

DS1 A, DS1 B XMT

connectors, 15 DS1 signal LEDs, 15 Errors LED, 15 History LED, 15 illustrations, 13 Low Battery LED, 14 Power LED, 14 Power switch, 14 Pulses LED, 15 RCV, XMT conn ectors

(YBT100DS3), 16 signal LEDs (YBT100DS3), 16

Front side loop, 27 Functional veriﬁcation, 9

Get Stored Logs button (log

measurements), 34

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 51

Index

History LED , 15

In-Band, 26 Incoming inspection, 9 Info button (log measurements), 34 Installing the YBT100 software, 3 Instrument storage pouch, 2 Internal timin g selection, 44

Key Features, 1

Link Fault LED, 17 Logging a Measurement, 32

Logging measurements,

auto measurement logs, 34 Auto-Test button, 34 Circuit-Log button, 32, 34 creating auto test results logs, 34 creating saved results storage

locations, 32

Current Circuit-ID ﬁeld, 32 Delete Logs button, 34 deleting measurement logs, 34 displaying saved results storage

location, 34

erasing saved results logs, 34 Get Stored Logs button, 34 Info button, 34 logging measurement results, 32 Next button, 34 Prev button, 34 Save-ID’s button, 32 START TEST button, 34 STOP TEST button, 34 Store Test Results button, 32 Tech-ID ﬁeld, 32 unattended signal event

logging, 36

View button, 34 viewing measurement results, 34

Loop testing,

device loop points, 27 DS1, 24 DS3looptest,30 example loop test, 27 front side loop, 27 In-Band, 26 loop codes, 26 loop down, 26 loop up, 26 Out-of-Band, 26 payload loop, 27 through loop, 27

52 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Index

Loopback settings (DS1, DS3), 48 Loss of Signal, 45 Low Battery LED, 14

M13, 44 Menu bar, 18 Menu,

File menu, 18 Port m enu, 18

Tools menu, 18 Monitor a single DS1 signal, 21 Monitor two DS1 signals

simultaneously, 23 Monitor, 43 Monitoring a DS1 channel from a

DS3 signal, 30 Monitoring a DS3 signal, 29 Monitoring error events,

unattended, 35

Network timing selection, 44 Next button (log measurements), 34

Off, 46 Ones density, 45 OOF, 45 Out of Frame, 45 Out-of-Band, 26

P-Bit, 45

Parameters,

AMI, 44 B3ZS, 44 B8ZS, 44 Bridged, 43 C-Bit, 44 CSU/NIU Emulation, 43 D4, 43 ESF (Extended SuperFrame), 43 Internal, 44 M13, 44 Monitor, 43 Network, 44 SLC96, 44 Term , 43

Unframed, 44 Parity bit error (P-Bit), 45 Part numbers,

802.11 b/g antenna, 2

AC power adapter, 2

accessory pouch, 2

BNC to WECO 440 adapters, 2

DS3 75 Ohm BNC cable (blue), 2

DS3 75 O hm BNC cable (red), 2

instrument storage pouch, 2

T1 Bantam test cable (blue), 2

T1 Bantam test cable (red), 2

YBT100 to PC RS232 serial

cable, 2 Payload loop, 27 Percent Error Free Seconds, 46 Percent Severely Errored Seconds, 46 Port menu, 18 Power LED, 14 Power switch, 14 Powering on the instrument, 4 Prev button (log measurements), 34 Product end-of-life handling, vi Pulses LED, 15

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 53

Index

QRSS, 46, 48

RCV, XMT connectors (DS1), 15 RCV, XMT connectors

(YBT100DS3), 16

Rear panel,

802.11 antenna, 17 Link Fault LED, 17 RS232 conn ector, 17 RX LED, 17

TX LED, 17 Received Signal Status area, 18 Recycling, vi Restriction of Hazardous

Substances, vi RoHS, vi RS-232 connection to YBT100, 7 RS232 connector, 17 Running on battery power, 5 RX LED, 17

Safety Summary, iv Save-ID’s button (log

measurements), 32 Saving measurement results (log

measurements), 32 SEC, 45 Serial connection, 7 SES, 46 %SES, 46 Setup tabs, 18 Severely Errored Seconds, 46 Signal status LEDs,

DS1 (YBT100), 15

DS3 (YBT100DS3), 16

SLC96, 44 Software lo op, 24 Sound on/off, 48 Spkr button, 48 Standard accessories, 2 STARTTESTbutton(log

measurements), 34

STOP TEST button (log

measurements), 34

Store Test Results button (log

measurements), 32

Storing measurement results (log

measurements), 32

T1 Bantam test cable (blue), 2 T1 Bantam test cable (red), 2 Tech-ID ﬁeld (log measurements), 32 Term , 43 Test type buttons, 18 Testing in s trument functionality, 9 Through l oop , 27 Tools menu, 18 Transporting batteries, vi Transporting lithium ion batteries, vi Tx AIS, 48 TX LED, 17 Tx RAI, 48

UAS, 45 Unattended signal event logging, 36 Unattended signal event

monitoring, 35 Unavailable Seconds, 45 Unframed, 44

54 NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester

Index

User interface,

Alarms, Events, Logic areas, 18 Conﬁguration tab, 18 Diagnostics tab, 18 DS1-A button, 18 DS1-B button, 18 DS3 button, 18 File menu, 18 menu bar, 18 Port m enu, 18 Received Signal Status area, 18 Setup tabs, 18 Test type butto ns, 18 Tools menu, 18

Verifying instrument functionality, 9 View button (log measurements), 34

Viewing measurement results (log

measurements), 34

Wireless connection, 5

YBT100 software, installing, 3

YBT100/YBT100DS3 to PC RS232

serial cable, 2 YEL, 45 Yellow alarm, 45

Zero coding, 44

NetTek YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Backhaul Tester 55

Tektronix NetTek YBT100,YB100DS3 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Table of Contents

General Safety Summary

Environmental Considerations

Preface

Documentation

Getting Started

Key Features

Standard Accessories

Installation

Operating Basics

The YBT100 and YBT100DS3 Front and Rear Panels

User Interface

Applications

Monitor a Single DS1 Signal at a DSX Panel

Monitor Two DS1 Signals at a DSX Panel

DS1 Loop Testing

Monitoring a DS3 Signal (YBT100DS3 Only)

DS3 Loop Testing (YBT100DS3 Only)

Measurement Logs

Unattended Signal Event Monitoring and Logging

Appendix B: Parameter Settings

Test Mode Parameters

Framing Parameters

Network Timing Parameters

Zero Coding Parameters

Alarms and Events

BERT Patterns

Loopback Settings

Spkr Button

Index