Tektronix KPXI Analog Output Module Reference manual
www.keithley.com
KPXI Analog Output Module
Reference Manual
KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007
A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE
ECA 42912
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12/06
KPXI
Analog Output Module
Reference Manual
©2007, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Document Number:
All rights reserved.
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007
Manual Print History KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual
Manual Print History
The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this
manual. The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent
updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change information that
the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially. When a
new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are
incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this
print history page.
Revision A (Document Number KPXI-AO-901-01) ............................................. January 2007
All Keithley Instruments product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007
The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although
some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous
conditions may be present.
This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions
required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using
the product. Refer to the manual for complete product specifications.
If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product may be impaired.
The types of product users are:
Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the
equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.
Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the
instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.
Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line
voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The procedures explicitly state
if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.
Safety Precautions
Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly
trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.
Keithley Instruments products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Measurement Category I and
Measurement Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most
measurement, control, and data I/O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or
to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages. Measurement Category II connections require protection for high transient
over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are
for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the Manual.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test
fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than
30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any
unknown circuit before measuring.
Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators
are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential
human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock.
If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.
Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources.
NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to
limit fault current and voltage to the card.
Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the
connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.
12/06
When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input
power disconnect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.
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test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting
cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.
Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground.
Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being
measured.
The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the
equipment may be impaired.
Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating
information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.
When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use
of a lid interlock.
If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.
!
The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.
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normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.
The symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot. Avoid personal contact to prevent burns.
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The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated
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Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
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test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety
approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related may be purchased
from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only
through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a
replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.
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cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with
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according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the
factory for proper cleaning/servicing.
Table of Contents
Section Topic Page
1 Introduction............................................................................................. 1-1
Introduction ................................................................................................. 1-2
Overview..................................................................................................... 1-2
Applications ................................................................................................ 1-2
Features...................................................................................................... 1-2
Manual addenda......................................................................................... 1-3
Safety symbols and terms .......................................................................... 1-3
Specifications.............................................................................................. 1-3
Unpacking and inspection........................................................................... 1-4
Inspection for damage.......................................................................... 1-4
Shipment contents ............................................................................... 1-4
Instruction manual................................................................................ 1-4
Repacking for shipment........................................................................ 1-4
Available accessories ................................................................................. 1-5
Connections................................................................................................ 1-5
Software introduction .................................................................................. 1-5
Programming library KDAQ-DRVR ...................................................... 1-5
KDAQ-LVIEW LabVIEW® driver .......................................................... 1-6
2 Installation............................................................................................... 2-1
Introduction ................................................................................................. 2-2
Handling precautions .................................................................................. 2-2
Mechanical drawing .................................................................................... 2-2
PCI configuration ........................................................................................ 2-2
Plug-and-Play....................................................................................... 2-2
Configuration........................................................................................ 2-3
Troubleshooting.................................................................................... 2-3
Installation................................................................................................... 2-3
3 Operation and connection................................................................... 3-1
Introduction ................................................................................................. 3-2
Signal connections...................................................................................... 3-3
Connectors pin assignment.................................................................. 3-3
A/D conversion ........................................................................................... 3-4
KPXI Analog Output Series A/D data format........................................ 3-5
Software polling mode.......................................................................... 3-5
Programmable scan mode ................................................................... 3-5
Trigger mode ........................................................................................ 3-7
Bus-mastering DMA data transfer........................................................ 3-9
D/A conversion ........................................................................................... 3-9
Architecture ........................................................................................ 3-10
Hardware controlled waveform generation ........................................ 3-10
Setting up the DACs........................................................................... 3-11
Utilizing multiplying characteristics of DACs ...................................... 3-11
Software update ................................................................................. 3-12
Waveform generation......................................................................... 3-12
Trigger modes .................................................................................... 3-14
Iterative waveform generation ............................................................ 3-15
Stop modes ........................................................................................ 3-16
Table of Contents KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual
Section Topic Page
3 Operation and connection (continued)
General purpose digital I/O ....................................................................... 3-18
General purpose timer/counter operation ................................................. 3-18
Timer/Counter functions basics .......................................................... 3-18
General purpose timer/counter modes............................................... 3-19
Trigger sources ......................................................................................... 3-21
Software trigger .................................................................................. 3-22
External analog trigger ....................................................................... 3-22
Timing signal............................................................................................. 3-24
System synchronization interface ....................................................... 3-25
Calibration ................................................................................................. 3-25
Auto-calibration................................................................................... 3-25
Saving calibration constants............................................................... 3-26
Loading calibration constants ............................................................. 3-26
4 Waveform Generation Demonstration .............................................. 4-1
Waveform generation demonstration .......................................................... 4-2
Appendix Topic Page
A KDAQ-DRVR User’s Guide.................................................................. A-1
Introduction to KDAQ-DRVR...................................................................... A-2
About the KDAQ-DRVR software ........................................................ A-2
KDAQ-DRVR hardware support .......................................................... A-2
KDAQ-DRVR language support .......................................................... A-2
Fundamentals of building applications with KDAQ-DRVR ......................... A-3
Microsoft® Visual Basic (Version 6.0) .................................................. A-3
Using Microsoft Visual Basic.NET ....................................................... A-4
Microsoft Visual C/C++........................................................................ A-4
KDAQ-DRVR utilities for Win32 ................................................................. A-5
KDAQ-DRVR configuration utility (configdrv) ...................................... A-5
KDAQ-DRVR data file converter utility (KiDAQCvt)............................. A-6
KDAQ-DRVR overview .............................................................................. A-6
General configuration function group .................................................. A-7
Analog input function group................................................................. A-7
Analog output function group............................................................. A-10
Digital input function group ................................................................ A-12
Digital output function group .............................................................. A-13
General timer/counter function group ................................................ A-13
DIO function group ............................................................................ A-13
SSI function group ............................................................................. A-14
Calibration function group.................................................................. A-14
KDAQ-DRVR application hints................................................................. A-15
Analog input programming hints ........................................................ A-16
Analog output programming hints ............................................................ A-36
One-shot analog output programming scheme ................................. A-36
Digital input programming hints ......................................................... A-50
Digital output programming hints....................................................... A-51
DAQ event message programming hints........................................... A-52
Continuous data transfer in KDAQ-DRVR ............................................... A-53
Continuous data transfer mechanism................................................ A-53
Double-buffered AI/AO operation ...................................................... A-53
Single-buffered versus double-buffered data transfer ....................... A-54
Pre-trigger mode/middle-trigger data acquisition (AI)........................ A-54
ii KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007
KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual Table of Contents
Appendix Topic Page
B KDAQ-DRVR Function Reference ..................................................... B-1
Function description ................................................................................... B-2
Data types............................................................................................ B-2
Function reference............................................................................... B-2
Status Codes............................................................................................ B-94
AI range codes ......................................................................................... B-95
AI data format........................................................................................... B-97
DATA file format ....................................................................................... B-97
Header............................................................................................... B-98
ChannelRange................................................................................... B-99
Data Block ......................................................................................... B-99
C KIDAQ®-LabVIEW Compatible Interface Guide............................. C-1
Introduction to KIDAQ®-LabVIEW ............................................................. C-2
Overview.............................................................................................. C-2
Using KIDAQ LabVIEW VIs in LabVIEW............................................. C-2
KIDAQ LabVIEW Programming........................................................... C-3
Device Driver Handling .............................................................................. C-4
Windows XP/2000 Device Driver......................................................... C-4
Driver Utility ......................................................................................... C-4
KIDAQ Utilities ........................................................................................... C-4
KIDAQ Registry/Configuration utility.................................................... C-4
KIDAQ Device Browser ....................................................................... C-4
KIDAQ LabVIEW VIs Overview.................................................................. C-5
Analog Input VIs .................................................................................. C-6
Analog Output VIs................................................................................ C-6
Digital I/O VIs....................................................................................... C-7
Timer/Counter VIs................................................................................ C-7
Calibration and Configuration VIs ........................................................ C-8
Error Handler VI................................................................................... C-8
Distribution of Applications......................................................................... C-8
Windows XP/2000 ............................................................................... C-8
D KIDAQ®-LabVIEW Compatible Function Reference..................... D-1
Introduction ................................................................................................ D-2
Hardware support....................................................................................... D-2
KPXI-DIO series: ................................................................................. D-2
KPXI-DAQ series: ................................................................................ D-2
Digitizer series: .................................................................................... D-2
Analog input VIs......................................................................................... D-3
Easy analog input VIs.......................................................................... D-3
Intermediate analog input VIs.............................................................. D-7
Analog output VIs..................................................................................... D-21
Easy analog output VIs...................................................................... D-21
Intermediate analog output VIs.......................................................... D-24
Advanced analog output VIs.............................................................. D-32
Digital I/O VIs ........................................................................................... D-33
Easy Digital I/O VIs............................................................................ D-33
Intermediate Digital I/O VIs................................................................ D-37
Advanced Digital I/O VIs.................................................................... D-45
Counter VIs .............................................................................................. D-46
Easy Counter VIs .............................................................................. D-46
Intermediate Counter VIs .................................................................. D-50
Advanced Counter VIs ...................................................................... D-63
Calibration and Configuration VIs ............................................................ D-67
Calibration VIs .................................................................................. D-67
Other Calibration and Configuration VIs............................................ D-68
KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007 iii
Table of Contents KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual
Appendix Topic Page
D KIDAQ®-LabVIEW Compatible Function Reference (continued)
Service VIs ............................................................................................... D-70
Error Codes ............................................................................................. D-71
AI Range Codes ...................................................................................... D-73
AI Data Format ....................................................................................... D-76
iv KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007
List of Figures
Section Figure Title Page
1 Figure 1-1 Accessories configuration guide.................................................... 1-5
2 Figure 2-1 PCB layout of Model KPXI-AO-4-1M/Model KPXI-AO-8-1M ......... 2-2
Figure 2-2 Typical PXI module installation ...................................................... 2-4
Figure 2-3 Device manager (successful installation) ...................................... 2-5
3 Figure 3-1 Block diagram ................................................................................ 3-2
Figure 3-2 Connector pin assignment .......................................................... 3-3
Figure 3-3 Analog output series scan timing................................................... 3-6
Figure 3-4 Post trigger example...................................................................... 3-7
Figure 3-5 Trigger delay example ................................................................... 3-8
Figure 3-6 Post-trigger or delay-trigger acquisition with retrigger example..... 3-8
Figure 3-7 Scatter/gather DMA for data transfer............................................. 3-9
Figure 3-8 Block diagram of D/A group ......................................................... 3-10
Figure 3-9 Data format in FIFO and mapping ............................................... 3-11
Figure 3-10 Typical D/A timing of waveform generation ................................. 3-13
Figure 3-11 Post-trigger generation ................................................................ 3-14
Figure 3-12 Delay-trigger generation .............................................................. 3-15
Figure 3-13 Post-trigger with retrigger generation .......................................... 3-15
Figure 3-14 Finite iterative waveform generation with post-trigger ................. 3-16
Figure 3-15 Infinite iterative waveform generation with post-trigger ............... 3-16
Figure 3-16 Example mode I........................................................................... 3-17
Figure 3-17 Example mode II.......................................................................... 3-17
Figure 3-18 Example mode III......................................................................... 3-18
Figure 3-19 Mode 1 operation......................................................................... 3-19
Figure 3-20 Mode 2 operation......................................................................... 3-19
Figure 3-21 Mode 3 operation......................................................................... 3-20
Figure 3-22 Mode 4 operation......................................................................... 3-20
Figure 3-23 Mode 5 operation......................................................................... 3-20
Figure 3-24 Mode 6 operation......................................................................... 3-21
Figure 3-25 Mode 7 operation......................................................................... 3-21
Figure 3-26 Mode 8 operation......................................................................... 3-21
Figure 3-27 Analog trigger block diagram .................................................. 3-22
Figure 3-28 Below-low analog trigger condition .............................................. 3-23
Figure 3-29 Above-high analog trigger condition ............................................ 3-23
Figure 3-30 Inside-region analog trigger condition.......................................... 3-23
Figure 3-31 High-hysteresis analog trigger condition...................................... 3-24
Figure 3-32 Low-hysteresis analog trigger condition ...................................... 3-24
Figure 3-33 Routing of DAQ signals ............................................................... 3-25
List of Figures KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual
Appendix Figure Title Page
A Figure A-1 Open Project dialog box................................................................ A-3
Figure A-2 Driver Configuration window ......................................................... A-5
Figure A-3 KDAQ-DRVR application building blocks.................................... A-15
Figure A-4 Typical function flow for all types of KDAQ-DRVR series............ A-16
Figure A-5 Fills channel gain queue first....................................................... A-17
Figure A-6 Synchronous operation ............................................................... A-18
Figure A-7 Non-double buffered asynchronous operation............................ A-19
Figure A-8 Double buffered asynchronous operation ................................... A-20
Figure A-9 All types of KPXI-DRVR series ................................................... A-22
Figure A-10 Fills channel gain queue first....................................................... A-23
Figure A-11 All types of KDAQ-DRVR series ................................................. A-25
Figure A-12 Fills channel gain queue first....................................................... A-26
Figure A-13 All types of KDAQ-DRVR series ................................................. A-27
Figure A-14 Fills channel gain queue first....................................................... A-29
Figure A-15 All types of KDAQ-DRVR series ................................................. A-31
Figure A-16 Fills channel gain queue first....................................................... A-32
Figure A-17 All types of KDAQ-DRVR series ................................................. A-33
Figure A-18 Fills channel gain queue first....................................................... A-35
Figure A-19 One-shot analog output programming ........................................ A-37
Figure A-20 One-shot analog output programming ........................................ A-38
Figure A-21 Non-double-buffered asynchronous continuous
analog output programming ........................................................ A-39
Figure A-22 Non-double-buffered asynchronous continuous
analog output programming ........................................................ A-40
Figure A-23 Double-buffered asynchronous continuous analog
output programming .................................................................... A-41
Figure A-24 Double-buffered asynchronous continuous analog
output programming .................................................................... A-43
Figure A-25 Typical flow of asynchronous analog output operation ............... A-44
Figure A-26 Typical flow of asynchronous analog output operation ............... A-45
Figure A-27 Typical flow of double-buffered asynchronous
analog output operation .............................................................. A-47
Figure A-28 Typical flow of double-buffered asynchronous
analog output operation .............................................................. A-49
Figure A-29 One-shot digital input programming ............................................ A-50
Figure A-30 Typical flow of non-buffered single-point digital output operation A-51
Figure A-31 Double buffer mode principle ...................................................... A-53
B Figure B-1 Scan timing example................................................................... B-13
Figure B-2 Scan timing example................................................................... B-15
Figure B-3 Scan timing example................................................................... B-17
Figure B-4 Scan timing example................................................................... B-20
Figure B-5 Scan timing example................................................................... B-22
Figure B-6 Scan timing example................................................................... B-25
Figure B-7 Scan timing example................................................................... B-27
Figure B-8 Scan timing example................................................................... B-30
Figure B-9 DATA file format .......................................................................... B-98
Figure B-10 DAQ File Conversion Utility....................................................... B-100
C Figure C-1 Function Browser Options............................................................. C-2
Figure C-2 Functions palette........................................................................... C-3
Figure C-3 Keithley PXI Devices Explorer ...................................................... C-5
vi KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007
KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual List of Figures
Appendix Figure Title Page
D Figure D-1 Analog input palette ...................................................................... D-3
Figure D-2 Analog output palette .................................................................. D-21
Figure D-3 Digital I/O palette......................................................................... D-33
KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007 vii
List of Figures KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual
This page left blank intentionally.
viii KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007
List of Tables
Section Table Title Page
3 Table 3-1 Connector pin assignment............................................................. 3-4
Table 3-2 Bipolar input range and converted digital codes............................ 3-5
Table 3-3 Unipolar input range and converted digital codes.......................... 3-5
Table 3-4 Summary of programmable scan counters.................................... 3-5
Table 3-5 Trigger modes and corresponding trigger sources ........................ 3-6
Table 3-6 D/A output versus digital codes ................................................... 3-11
Table 3-7 Trigger signals and corresponding signal sources....................... 3-12
Table 3-8 Summary of counters for waveform generation........................... 3-13
Table 3-9 Analog trigger SRC1(EXTATRIG) ideal transfer characteristics .. 3-22
4 Table 4-1 Various waveform samples............................................................ 4-2
Appendix Table Title Page
A Table A-1 Initial default channel configuration ............................................. A-18
Table A-2 Initial default AI configuration....................................................... A-18
Table A-3 Initial default channel configuration ............................................. A-38
Table A-4 Initial default DA configuration ..................................................... A-38
B Table B-1 Suggested data types .................................................................... B-2
Table B-2 Example trigger condition selection (KDAQ_AIO_Config) ........... B-46
Table B-3 Status codes returned by KDAQ-DRVR ...................................... B-94
Table B-4 Analog input range of digitizers ................................................... B-96
Table B-5 Valid values for each model......................................................... B-96
Table B-6 AI data format .............................................................................. B-97
Table B-7 Data file header ........................................................................... B-98
Table B-8 Data structure of ChannelRange unit (length: 2 bytes)................ B-99
D Table D-1 KI AI acquire waveform.................................................................. D-3
Table D-2 KI AI acquire waveforms................................................................ D-4
Table D-3 KI AI sample channel..................................................................... D-6
Table D-4 KI AI sample channels ................................................................... D-6
Table D-5 KI AI clear ...................................................................................... D-7
Table D-6 KI AI config .................................................................................... D-9
Table D-7 2-byte binary array....................................................................... D-12
Table D-8 Scaled and Binary Arrays ............................................................ D-14
Table D-9 Scaled Array ................................................................................ D-16
Table D-10 KI AI single scan .......................................................................... D-17
Table D-11 KI AI start ..................................................................................... D-19
Table D-12 KI AO generate waveform ........................................................... D-22
Table D-13 KI AO generate waveforms.......................................................... D-22
Table D-14 KI AO update channel.................................................................. D-23
Table D-15 KI AO update channels................................................................ D-24
Table D-16 KI AO clear .................................................................................. D-25
Table D-17 KI AO Config................................................................................ D-25
List of Tables KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual
Appendix Table Title Page
D Table D-18 KI AO start................................................................................... D-27
Table D-19 KI AO wait ................................................................................... D-28
Table D-20 KI AO write binary array.............................................................. D-29
Table D-21 KI AO write binary array scaled array ......................................... D-30
Table D-22 KI AO Trigger and Gate Config ................................................... D-32
Table D-23 KI Read from Digital Line ............................................................ D-34
Table D-24 KI Read from Digital Port ............................................................ D-34
Table D-25 KI Write to Digital Line................................................................. D-35
Table D-26 KI Write to Digital Port................................................................. D-36
Table D-27 KI DIO Clear................................................................................ D-37
Table D-28 KI DIO Config .............................................................................. D-38
Table D-29 KI DIO Read................................................................................ D-40
Table D-30 KI DIO Start................................................................................. D-42
Table D-31 KI DIO Write ................................................................................ D-43
Table D-32 KI DIO Port Config ...................................................................... D-45
Table D-33 KI Count Events or Time ............................................................. D-46
Table D-34 KI Generate Delayed Pulse......................................................... D-47
Table D-35 KI Generate Pulse-Train.............................................................. D-48
Table D-36 KI Measure Pulse-Width or Period.............................................. D-49
Table D-37 KI Continuous Pulse Generator Config ....................................... D-50
Table D-38 KI Counter Divider Config ........................................................... D-52
Table D-39 KI Counter Read ......................................................................... D-53
Table D-40 KI Counter Start........................................................................... D-54
Table D-41 KI Counter Stop........................................................................... D-55
Table D-42 KI Delayed Pulse Generator Config ............................................ D-56
Table D-43 KI Down Counter or Divider Config............................................. D-58
Table D-44 KI Event or Time Counter Config ................................................ D-59
Table D-45 KI Pulse-Width or Period Measurement Config .......................... D-61
Table D-46 KI UpDown Counter Config......................................................... D-62
Table D-47 KI ICTR Control........................................................................... D-63
Table D-48 KI KPXI-DAQ series devices and Digitizer Series Calibrate ...... D-67
Table D-49 KI Route Signal .......................................................................... D-68
Table D-50 KI SSI Control ............................................................................ D-69
Table D-51 KI Error Handler ......................................................................... D-70
Table D-52 Error Codes: KIDAQ LabVIEW VIs ............................................. D-71
Table D-53 Analog Input Range .................................................................... D-73
Table D-54 Valid analog input ranges (specified by module)......................... D-75
Table D-55 Analog Input data format (by Model)........................................... D-76
x KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007
In this section:
Top ic Page
Introduction......................................................................................... 1-2
Overview .............................................................................................. 1-2
Applications........................................................................................ 1-2
Features ............................................................................................... 1-2
Manual addenda................................................................................. 1-3
Safety symbols and terms .............................................................. 1-3
Specifications..................................................................................... 1-3
Section 1
Introduction
Unpacking and inspection .............................................................. 1-4
Inspection for damage ...................................................................... 1-4
Shipment contents............................................................................ 1-4
Instruction manual ............................................................................ 1-4
Repacking for shipment.................................................................... 1-4
Available accessories....................................................................... 1-5
Connections........................................................................................ 1-5
Software introduction....................................................................... 1-5
Programming library KDAQ-DRVR................................................... 1-5
KDAQ-LVIEW LabVIEW® driver....................................................... 1-6
Section 1: Introduction KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual
Introduction
This manual is designed to help you understand and use KPXI Analog Output Series
high-performance multi-function modules.
This section contains general information about the Keithley Instruments KPXI-AO-4-1M and
KPXI-AO-8-1M. The information is organized as follows:
• Overview
• Applications
• Features
• Manual addenda
• Safety symbols and terms
• Specifications
• Unpacking and inspection
• Available accessories
• Connections
• Software introduction
If you have any questions after reviewing this information, please contact your local Keithley
Instruments representative or call one of our Applications Engineers at 1-800-KEITHLEY. You can
also contact us through our website at www.keithley.com.
Overview
Keithley Instruments’ KPXI Analog Output Series provides advanced analog output cards based
on 32-bit PCI / PXI architecture (Peripheral Component Interconnect) / (PCI eXtensions for
Instrumentation). The Model KPXI-AO-4-1M provides up to four analog output channels while the
Model KPXI-AO-8-1M provides up to eight analog output channels.
Applications
High-performance designs and state-of-the-art technology make this card ideal for waveform
generation, industrial process control, and signal-analysis applications in medical, process control,
and other related fields. Specific applications are:
• Automotive testing
• Arbitrary waveform generator
• Transient signal measurement
• Laboratory automation
• Biotech measurement
Features
Key features and benefits include:
• 32-bit PCI/PXI-Bus, plug and play
• Up to 1MS/s analog output rate
• Up to 400KS/s analog input rate
• Output channels:
• Programmable bipolar/unipolar range for analog input channels and individual analog
Model KPXI-AO-4-1M — Up to four analog output channels
Model KPXI-AO-8-1M — Up to eight analog output channels
output channels
1-2 Return to Section Topics KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007
KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual Section 1: Introduction
• Programmable internal/external reference for individual analog output channels
• D/A FIFO size (Digital to Analog First In First Out):
Model KPXI-AO-4-1M — 8K samples
Model KPXI-AO-8-1M — 16K samples
• A/D FIFO (Analog to Digital) size (all models): 2K samples
• Versatile trigger sources: software trigger external digital trigger, analog trigger and trigger
from System Synchronization Interface (SSI)
• A/D data transfer: software polling and bus-mastering DMA with Scatter/Gather
• D/A data transfer: software update and bus-mastering DMA with Scatter/Gather
• A/D trigger modes: post-trigger, delay-trigger with re-trigger functionality
• D/A outputs with waveform generation capability
• System Synchronization Interface (SSI)
• A/D and D/A full auto-calibration
• Built-in programmable D/A external reference voltage compensator
• Jumper-less (software configurable)
Manual addenda
Any improvements or changes concerning the Model KPXI-AO-4-1M / KPXI-AO-8-1M or manual
will be explained in an addendum included with the manual. Be sure to note these changes and
incorporate them into the manual.
Safety symbols and terms
The following symbols and terms may be found on the Model KPXI-AO-4-1M / KPXI-AO-8-1M or
used in this manual.
The symbol indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the
!
manual.
The symbol shows that high voltage may be present on the terminal(s). Use standard safety
precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.
The symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot. Avoid personal contact to
prevent burns.
The WARNING heading used in this manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury
or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated
procedure.
The CAUTION heading used in this manual explains hazards that could damage the unit. Such
damage may invalidate the warranty.
Specifications
Refer to the product data sheet for updated KPXI Analog Output Series analog output multifunction cards specifications. Check the Keithley Instruments website at www.keithley.com for the
latest updates to the specifications.
KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007 Return to Section Topics 1-3
Section 1: Introduction KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual
Unpacking and inspection
Inspection for damage
CAUTION Your Model KPXI-AO-4-1M / KPXI-AO-8-1M module contains electro-static
sensitive components that can easily be damaged by static electricity.
Therefore, handle the card on a grounded anti-static mat. The operator should
be wearing an anti-static wristband, grounded at the same point as the
anti-static mat.
The Model KPXI-AO-4-1M / KPXI-AO-8-1M was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically
before shipment.
Inspect the card module carton for obvious damages. Shipping and handling may damage the
module. Make sure there are no shipping and handling damages on the module’s carton before
continuing.
After opening the card module carton, extract the system module and place it only on a grounded
anti-static surface with component side up. Save the original packing carton for possible future
shipment.
Again, inspect the module for damages. Report any damage to the shipping agent immediately.
Shipment contents
The following items are included with every Model KPXI-AO-4-1M / KPXI-AO-8-1M order:
• Model KPXI-AO-4-1M / KPXI-AO-8-1M Portable RF PowerMeter
• CD containing required software and manuals
Instruction manual
A CD-ROM containing this Reference Manual and required software is included with each
Model KPXI-AO-4-1M / KPXI-AO-8-1M order. If a hardcopy of the Model KPXI-AO-4-1M / KPXIAO-8-1M Reference Manual is required, you can order the Manual Package (Keithley Instruments
Part Number Model KPXI-AO-901-01). The Manual Package includes an instruction manual and
any pertinent addenda.
Always check the Keithley Instruments website at www.keithley.com for the latest revision of the
manual. The latest manual can be downloaded (in PDF format) from the website.
Repacking for shipment
Should it become necessary to return the Model KPXI-AO-4-1M / KPXI-AO-8-1M for repair,
carefully pack the unit in its original packing carton or the equivalent, and follow these instructions:
• Call Keithley Instruments’ repair department at 1-888-KEITHLEY (1-888-534-8453) for a
Return Material Authorization (RMA) number.
• Let the repair department know the warranty status of the Model KPXI-AO-4-1M /
KPXI-AO-8-1M.
• Write ATTENTION REPAIR DEPARTMENT and the RMA number on the shipping label.
• Complete and include the Service Form located at the back of this manual.
1-4 Return to Section Topics KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007
KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual Section 1: Introduction
CAUTION The boards must be protected from static discharge and physical shock.
Never remove any of the socketed parts except at a static-free workstation.
Use the anti-static bag shipped with the product to handle the board. Wear a
grounded wrist strap when servicing.
Available accessories
NOTE Check the Keithley Instruments website (www.keithley.com) for additional accessories
that may have been added to the Keithley Instruments product line for the
Model KPXI-AO-4-1M / KPXI-AO-8-1M.
Available accessories are listed below (also see Figure 1-1).
• KPXI-DAQ-TB: Terminal board with 68-pin SCSI-II connector.
• KPXI-DAQ-CAB: Cable connecting terminal block to KPXI-AO modules.
Figure 1-1
Accessories configuration guide
Connections
Keithley Instruments’ KPXI Analog Output Series is equipped with one 68-pin VHDCI-type
connector (AMP-787254-1). Use this for making connections (for example, connect digital input /
output, analog input / output, timer /counter signals, etc.).
NOTE Refer to Signal connections (contained in Section 3) for detailed information including pin
assignments.
Software introduction
Keithley Instruments’ provides versatile software drivers and packages for different systems.
Keithley Instruments not only provides programming libraries such as DLL’s for most Windows
based systems, but also drivers for other software packages such as LabVIEW.
All software options are included in the Keithley Instruments’ CD.
Programming library KDAQ-DRVR
KDAQ-DRVR includes device drivers and DLL’s for Windows XP® and Windows 2000®.
Therefore, all applications developed with KDAQ-DRVR are compatible on Windows XP/2000.
The developing environment can be VB, VC++, BC5, or any Windows programming language that
1. National Instruments™, NI, and LabVIEW are trademarks of the National Instruments Corporation.
®
1
KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007 Return to Section Topics 1-5
Section 1: Introduction KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual
allows calls to a DLL. Documentation includes a User's Guide (refer to Appendix A: KDAQ-DRVR
User’s Guide), and a Function Reference (refer to Appendix B: KDAQ-DRVR Function Reference).
KDAQ-LVIEW LabVIEW® driver
KDAQ-LVIEW contains the VI’s, which are used to interface with National Instrument's®
Lab-VIEW® software package. The KDAQ-LVIEW supports Windows XP/2000®. The LabVIEW
driver is shipped free with the board. Documentation includes an Interface Guide (refer to
Appendix C: KIDAQ®-LabVIEW Compatible Interface Guide), and an interface Function
Reference (refer to Appendix D: KIDAQ®-LabVIEW Compatible Function Reference).
1-6 Return to Section Topics KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007
In this section:
Top ic Page
Introduction......................................................................................... 2-2
Handling precautions ....................................................................... 2-2
Mechanical drawing.......................................................................... 2-2
PCI configuration............................................................................... 2-2
Installation........................................................................................... 2-3
Section 2
Installation
Plug-and-Play ................................................................................... 2-2
Configuration .................................................................................... 2-3
Troubleshooting................................................................................ 2-3
Section 2: Installation KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual
Introduction
This section contains information about handling and installing Keithley Instruments’
KPXI Analog Output Series cards:
• Handling precautions
• Mechanical drawing
• PCI configuration
• Installation
Handling precautions
CAUTION Use care when handling the KPXI Analog Output Series module. KPXI Analog
Output Series modules contain electro-static sensitive components that can
be easily damaged by static electricity.
Follow these guidelines when handling:
• Only handle the card on a grounded anti-static mat.
• Wear an an anti-static wristband that is grounded at the same point as the anti-static mat.
Mechanical drawing
NOTE: See Figure 3-2 for a CN1 pinouts.
Figure 2-1
PCB layout of Model KPXI-AO-4-1M/Model KPXI-AO-8-1M
CN1
(68-Pin
Connector)
Board-to-board Connector
PCI configuration
Plug-and-Play
As a plug-and-play component, the board requests an interrupt number via its PCI controller. The
system BIOS responds with an interrupt assignment based on the board information and system
parameters. These system parameters are determined by the installed drivers and the hardware
2-2 Return to Section Topics KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007
KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual Section 2: Installation
load recognized by the system. If this is the first KIDAQ® KPXI Analog Output Series card installed
on your Windows
detailed information.
Configuration
Configuration is done on a board-by-board basis for all PCI boards on your system. Configuration
is controlled by the system and software. There is no jumper setting required (or available) for
base address, DMA, and interrupt IRQ.
The configuration is not static, but is subject to change with every boot of the system (as new
boards are added or removed).
Troubleshooting
If your system doesn't boot or if you experience erratic operation with your PXI board in place, it's
likely caused by an interrupt conflict (perhaps the BIOS Setup is incorrectly configured). In
general, the solution, is to consult the BIOS documentation that comes with your system.
Installation
Step 1. Install driver software
Windows® will find the new module automatically. If this is the first time a KIDAQ® KPXI Analog
Output Series card is running on your Windows system, you will need to install a hardware driver.
Use the following installation procedure as a guide.
®
system, you will also need to install a hardware driver. Refer to Installation for
NOTE: Keithley Instruments controllers are pre-loaded with the necessary drivers.
For Windows XP/2000:
1. Insert the CD shipped with the module. The CD should auto load. From the base menu
install the KDAQ-DRVR. This is the hardware driver that recognizes the KPXI Analog Output Series modules. If the CD does not auto load run, then under x:\KDAQ-DRVR\DISK1\,
you will find SETUP.EXE (x is the drive letter of your CDROM). This will also run the install.
2. When you complete driver installation, turn off the system.
Step 2. Inspect module
Keeping the “Handling precautions” information in mind, inspect the module for damage. With the
module placed on a firm, flat surface, press down on all socketed IC's to make sure that they are
properly seated.
If the module does not pass the inspection, do not proceed with the installation.
CAUTION Do not apply power to the card if it has been damaged.
The KIDAQ® KPXI Analog Output Series card is now ready for installation.
Step 3. Install module
Remove power from the system and install the KPXI Analog Output Series card in an available
slot.
The PXI connectors are rigid and require careful handling when inserted and removed. Improper
handling of modules can easily damage the backplane.
KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007 Return to Section Topics 2-3
Section 2: Installation KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual
To insert the module into a PXI chassis, use the following procedure as a guide:
1. Turn off the system.
2. Align the module's edge with the card guide in the PXI chassis.
3. Slide the module into the chassis until resistance is felt from the PXI connector.
4. Push the ejector upwards and fully insert the module into the chassis. Once inserted, a
"click" can be heard from the ejector latch.
5. Tighten the screw on the front panel.
6. Turn on the system.
To remove a module from a PXI chassis, use the following procedure as a guide:
1. Turn off the system.
2. Loosen the screw on the front panel.
3. Push the ejector downwards and carefully remove the module from the chassis.
Figure 2-2
Typical PXI module installation
Typical PXI
chassis
Card guide
Front panel
screw
Modules edge
Ejector latch
2-4 Return to Section Topics KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007
KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual Section 2: Installation
Step 4. Verify installation
When the system is turned on for the first time with a new module present (or a module in a new
slot), Windows Add New Hardware Wizard attempts to locate the correct driver. If it cannot find
the correct driver, even after you have loaded the driver above in Step 1, then force the Add New
Hardware Wizard to look in Windows system32 directory. The driver files should be in this
location. If they are not, shutdown the system, remove the module, and restart the installation
process.
When the Add New Hardware Wizard finishes, the window will verify whether or not installation
was successful. To confirm if the module is installed correctly at a later time, use Windows Device
Manager. In the Device Manager under KIDAQ Boards, look for a device name matching the
model number of the newly installed board. If it is found, installation is complete. If the board
appears with a exclamation point or warning in Device Manager, the installation was unsuccessful.
If unsuccessful, use Device Manager to update the driver or un-install the module, power down
the system, remove the module, and attempt installation again from Step 1.
Figure 2-3
Device manager (successful installation)
KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007 Return to Section Topics 2-5
Section 2: Installation KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual
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2-6 Return to Section Topics KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007
In this section:
Top ic Page
Introduction......................................................................................... 3-2
Signal connections ........................................................................... 3-3
A/D conversion................................................................................... 3-4
D/A conversion................................................................................... 3-9
Section 3
Operation and connection
Connectors pin assignment .............................................................. 3-3
KPXI Analog Output Series A/D data format .................................... 3-5
Software polling mode ...................................................................... 3-5
Programmable scan mode ............................................................... 3-5
Trigger mode .................................................................................... 3-7
Bus-mastering DMA data transfer .................................................... 3-9
Architecture .................................................................................... 3-10
Hardware controlled waveform generation ..................................... 3-10
Setting up the DACs ........................................................................3-11
Utilizing multiplying characteristics of DACs....................................3-11
Software update.............................................................................. 3-12
Waveform generation ..................................................................... 3-12
Trigger modes................................................................................. 3-14
Iterative waveform generation ........................................................ 3-15
Stop modes..................................................................................... 3-16
General purpose digital I/O........................................................... 3-18
General purpose timer/counter operation ................................ 3-18
Timer/Counter functions basics ...................................................... 3-18
General purpose timer/counter modes ........................................... 3-19
Trigger sources................................................................................ 3-21
Software trigger .............................................................................. 3-22
External analog trigger ................................................................... 3-22
Timing signal .................................................................................... 3-24
System synchronization interface................................................... 3-25
Calibration ......................................................................................... 3-25
Auto-calibration............................................................................... 3-25
Saving calibration constants........................................................... 3-26
Loading calibration constants ......................................................... 3-26
Section 3: Operation and connection KPXI Analog Output Module Reference Manual
Introduction
This section contains operation information on KPXI Analog Output Series cards, including signal
connections. The operation theories described in this section include A/D conversion (Analog to
Digital), D/A conversion (Digital to Analog), Digital I/O (Input Output), and General Purpose
Counter / Timer (refer to
Analog Output Series modules.
Figure 3-1
Block diagram
Figure 3-1). Use this information to configure and program the KPXI
68 pin Mini-SCSI connector
DA GROUP B
Ext-WF-Trig, Ext-Dtrig, Ext-timebase
24-bit DIO / GPTC^2 / External Triggers
8255 24-bit DIO
MUX
14-bit
ADC
AD Control
and Timing
Logic
AD Control and
Trigger Logic
AD Control
FIFO (for Data
& Configuration)
Analog
Analog Trtigger Signals
Trigger Logic
Daughter Board FIFO Interface
Daughter Board
FIFO Interface
12-bit
DAC
12-bit
DAC
DA GROUP A
FIFO
Calibration
Board to Board Interface
DAQ
Bus
DAQ Bus
Interface
DAQ 2000
Control and
Trigger Logic
Local Bus
Interface
and DMA
Logic
DA Control
and Timing
Logic
DA Control and
Trigger Logic
DA Interface
FIFO
GRXXC0
GRXXC1
SSI XXXX PFI
OPAOPAOPA
12-bit
DAC
LATCHLATCHLATCH
OPA
12-bit
DAC
LATCH
CPLD
Analog
Trigger
General Purpose timer/Counter Signals
Programmabale Function Inputs
82CXXX
82CXXA
Control
Logic
Logic Bus
Interface
EEPROM
24-bit I/O
Power
Logic
Power
Circuit
Power
DMA
Local Bus Interface
PCI Bus Controller
Universal PCI Interface
Local Bus Signals
Configuration
and
Calibration
EEPROM
System Synchronization Interface
Universal 32-bit PCI Bus
3-2 Return to Section Topics KPXI-AO-901-01 Rev. A / January 2007
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